Webster's high school dictionary; a dictionary of the English language ..

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A

DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

WITH AN APPENDIX

CONTAINING A PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF BIBLICAL,

CLASSICAL, MYTHOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL, AND

GEOGRAPHICAL PROPER NAMES

ABRIDGED FROM

WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL
DICTIONARY

800 ILLUSTRATIONS

NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: G. & C. MERRIAM CO.-

A Suggestion to the Pupil

As you advance in your studies and are pro-
moted to higher grades new and more difficult
questions will continually arise. You will often
feel the need of a larger and more complete dic-
tionary to answer many puzzling questions in spell-
ing, language work, history, geography, and
science. A new dictionary, — Webster's Collegi-
ate, Third Edition, — has just been issued to meet
your needs. This new book is the largest and
latest abridgment of Webster's New Inter-
national, the parent dictionary of the latest
Merriam-Webster series, justly known as the
One Supreme Authority. At school you probably
have access to one or both of these dictionaries,
but do you know that study at home is made easier
and is more quickly accom-
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the opportunity to use one of
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or Collegiate in your home ?
Write for specimen pages,
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Web. H. S. Diet, e- p 68

Copyright, 1892,
By G. & C. MERRIAM CO.

Registered at Stationers' Hall, London, England.
All rights reserved.

PREFACE.

The High School Dictionary here presented is compiled from
Webster's International Dictionary of the English Language. As that
work replaced Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, so this is designed to
take the place of the High School Dictionary originally prepared by Mr.
William G. Webster, in 1848. In 1857, Mr. Webster published a re-
vision of this work, containing a vocabulary of the more common words
which constitute the body of our language, with many technical terms in
the sciences and arts. That book was in turn revised and enlarged by
Mr. William A. Wheeler, in 1868. The present volume is an entirely
new work, and contains many words and definitions not to be found in
its predecessors. Its purpose is to give the correct orthography, pronun-
ciation, and definition of all words which pupils in High Schools are
likely to meet with.

The pronunciation of every word is clearly shown by respelling with
phonetic markings that are explained in the key lines below the pages.
For the first time in a school dictionary, the pronunciation of unaccented
syllables is thus accurately indicated.

The addition of many new words, and the free use of illustrations to
help in understanding the subject, have not excessively increased the bulk
of the volume. Condensation has been accomplished by omitting defini-
tions of derived words (mostly adverbs, adjectives, and abstract nouns)
which are self-explaining as soon as the root word is understood ; and,
further, such derivatives have usually been grouped in the same para-
graph with the root word, where this could be done without interrupting
the alphabetical order. On the other hand, care has been taken to dis-
criminate between words of the same spelling and pronunciation, but of
different etymology and meaning. For instance, Sound is a form repre
senting/bwr words of the same pronunciation but of widely different ori-
gin and sense. In older dictionaries such words appeared as one word
with different meanings. This mode, tending to confuse or mislead the
pupil, has been carefully avoided.

There is a copious Appendix which contains a list of Biblical, Classi-
cal, Mythological, Historical, and Geographical Proper Names, combined
in a single vocabulary.

CONTENTS.

♦

Page
PREFACE iii

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION v-xxi

Key to the Symbols v

The Vowels of the Alphabet in Detail vii

Diagram of the Simple Vowel Sounds xiv

The Consonants of the Alphabet (with the Consonant

Digraphs) in Detail xiv

Table of Consonant Elements xx

Assimilation of Sounds xx

Duplication of Consonants xxi

Accent xxi

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES xxii-xxv

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS . xxvi-xxix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK xxx

A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE . . . 1-496

A PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES . . 497-530

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

KEY TO THE SYMBOLS.

In the RESPELLING FOR PRONUNCIATION in the Dictionary, there is employed — as
shown in the Table — a symbol for every clear vowel or diphthongal sound in the language ; with,
in four instances, a pair of equivalents for the same sound as occurring in different situations, viz. :
u = oo ; u = ob ; 6 = a. ; and y (final) =r I ; besides a and e, italicized, as these vowels are in cer-
tain cases obscured and turned toward the neutral form ; also, apostrophe for the voice-glide ; and
N to indicate foreign nasalized vowels ; — some of the sounds occurring only in accented and others
only iu unaccented syllables, and some others, with but slight difference of quality, in both. The
a, 3, and 6 are used to represent the similar sounds in foreign words, but not limited as they are in
English to unaccented syllables. The u is employed, as the nearest English vowel we have, inexact
as it is, to replace u French and u German ; and in like manner the e for the eu French and 6
German.

The consonant letters b, d, f, li, j, k, 1, m, p, r, t, v, w, and y, and the digraphs sh and
ng, are used with their ordinary normal value ; g, s, z, and eh are each limited to a single sound ;
n and th are marked for one sound of each and used unmarked for the other. No use is made of c,
q, x, or the digraphs pli, gh, dg, and wh. The principal substitutions of the consonant symbols
used in the respelling are noted in the Table.

a, as in . . . ale, fate, laTbor, cha'os, chamber, pa'tri-ar'chal.

a, „ „ . . . sen'ate, preface, del'i-cate, a-e'ri-al, cha-ot'ic, sal'u-ta-ry.

a, „ „ . . • care, share, par'ent, compare', plow'share', bear, air.

a, „ „ . . . am, add, fat, ran'dom, attack', ac-cept', readmit'.

a, „ „ . . . arm, far, fa'ther, mar'tyr, ah, alms, art, palm.

a, „ „ . . . ask, grass, dance, a-bate', A-mer'i-ca, so'fa, bot'a-ny.

a, „ „ . . . fi'nal, in'fant, guid'ance, val'iant, husband, mad'am.

3, „ >, • • • all, awe, swarm, talk, draw.

e, „ „ . . . eve, mete, se-rene', he'li-om'e-ter.

e, „ „ . . . e-vent', de-pend', cre-ate', so-ci'e-ty, de"-lin'e-ate, se-rene'.

€, „ „ . . . find, met, 6x-cuse', 6f-face', car'pSt, cohdem-na'tion.

g, ,,„... fern, her, er'mine, per-vert', ev'er, in'fer-ence.

e, „ „ . . . re'eent, de'een-cy, pru-dence, pen'i-tent, nov'el.

I, „ „ . . . ice, time, sight, bind, in-splre', jus'ti-fPa-ble.

t, „,,... f-de'a, tri-bu'nal, dt-am'e-ter, bi-ol'o-gy.

I, „ „ . . . Ill, pin, pit'y, ad'mit', hab'it, di-vide', in-fin'i-tive.

o, „ „ . . . old, note, row, bold, o'ver, pro-pose', lo'co-mo'tive.

&, „ „ . . . o-bey', to-bae'eo, sor'row, a-nat'6-my, pro-pose'.

6, „ „ . . . orb, lord, dr'der, landlord', ab-hor', ab-hor'ring.

5, ,,„... 5dd, n5t, tfir'rid, for'est, oc-cur', in'cor-rect'.

u, „ „ . . . use, pure, mute, tune, du'ty, hu'man, assume'.

u, „ „ . . . vi-nite', ac'tu-ate, ed-u-ca'tion, humane'.

u, „ „ . . . rude, ru'mor, intrude7.

u, „ „ . . . full, put, push, fulfill', joy'ful, in'stru-ment.

ii, „ „ * * . tip, tub, stud'y, uu'der, submit', in'dus-try.

V

▼l GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

Hi, „ „ . . . urn, furl, con-cfti', burn.

y, „ „ . . . pit'y, in'ju-ry, di-vin'i-ty.

<To, „ „ . . . food, moon, fool, noon, wdb'ing. •

do, „ „ . . . foot, wo^bl, book, good, crdbk'ed.

ou, ,,„... out, tliou, de-vour'.

oi, „,,... oil, nois'y, a-void', rejoice', em-broid'er-y, goi'ter.

N, representing simply the nasal tone (as in French or Portuguese) of the preceding vowel J 80

in ensemble (aN'saN'b'l), intrigante (SN'tre'gaNf).
' (for voice-ghde), as in pardon (par'd'u), eaten (et"n), evil (eVl).

g (hard) : as in go, begin, great, anger ; for gu, as in guard ; for gue, as in plague ; for

gli, as in ghost.
s (surd, or sharp) : as in so, this, haste ; for c, as in cell, -vice ; for sc, as in scene, science ;

for ss, as in hiss,
z (like s sonant) : as in zone, haze ; for s, as in is, lives, wise, music, ears, figs ; for x, as

in Xenophon, xylography.
ch (= tsh) : as in chair, much ; for tch, as in match, etching,
sh : for ch, as in machine, chaise, chandelier ; for ce, as in ocean ; for ci, as in social ;

for sci, as in conscious ; for s, as in sure ; for se, as in nauseous ; for si, as in pension ;

for ss, as in issue ; for ssi, as in passion ; for ti, as in nation,
zh (= sh made sonant) : for z, as in azure ; for zi, as in glazier, brazier ; for s, as in pleas-
ure, usual ; for si, as in vision ; for ssi, as in abscission ; for g, as in rouge, cortege,
j (= dzh) : for g, as in gem, giant, engine ; for gi and ge, as in religion, pigeon ; for di,

as in soldier ; for dg, as in edge, knowledge,
k : for ch, as in chorus, epoch, anarchy ; for c, as in cat, cube ; for ck, as in pack, duck;

for qu, as in conquer, coquette ; for que, as hi pique, oblique,
kw : for qu, as in queen, quit, quality,
ks (surd) : for x, as iu vex, exit, perplex, dextrous,
gz (sonant) : for x, as in exist, exact, example.

f : for ph, as in philosophy, triumph ; for gh, as in laugh, rough,
hw : for wh, as in what, why, where.

t : for ed, as in baked, crossed, capped ; for th, as in thyme, Thomas,
n (the ordinary sound) : as in no, none, man, many,
ng : as in long, singer ; for ngue, as in tongue.

n (like ng) : for n before the sound of k or hard g, as in bank, junction, linger, single.
th (surd) : as in thin, through, wealth, worth, breath, width,
th (sonant) : for th, as in then, though, this, smooth, breathe.

Note. Foreign consonant sounds are represented by the nearest English equivalents.

Accents and Hyphens. The principal accent is indicated by a heavy mark ('), and the second-
ary accent by a lighter mark ('), at the end of the syllable. Syllabic division is otherwise indicated
by a light hyphen ; a heavier hyphen joins the members of compound words.

The Table here appended, together with the preceding Table, furnishes a method of INDICA-
TING PRONUNCIATION WITHOUT RESPELLING. It is, in its main features, the same as that
employed in previous editions of the Dictionary, and will serve except in the case of a comparatively
few words, which must be respelled. Use is made of it in this Guide to Peonunciation.

To each of the symbols here given, the equivalent is added that takes its place in the respelling
<thus : a = 6, etc. ; what = whdt, etc. ; c = k, etc.). The unmarked letter in a digraph is to
be taken as if silent ; as in break, bread, hail, yield , veil, etc. Silent e at the end of sylLv

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

vu

bles, as in fate, etc., or in the -ed of preterits and participles, as in baked, burned, etc., need
not be marked.

The method has diacritical marks applied to such consonant letters and digraphs as offer espe-
cial and frequent occasion for their use. Certain syllables, as tion, sion, tial, cial, etc., which
would naturally be correctly pronounced, need not be marked or respelled. The sounds, as de-
scribed, of x, ph, qu, and wh, unmarked, are what these characters will usually, but not invaria-
bly, represent.

as in What, "Was, Quality, In'stal-la'tion.

„ „ Eight, Prey, Vein, Obey', Un-f eign'ed-ly.

,, „ There, Where, Heir, Wherein'.

„ „ Ewe, Dew, Hewn, etc. ; or (= u), as in Brew.

„ ,, Eel, Feet, Fee'ble, Unseen', See'ing.

,, ,, Pique, Ma-chine', Po-l'ice'.

„ „ Irk'some, Fir, Bird, Vir'tue, Vir-gin'i-ty, E-lixIr.

„ „ Qoze, Do, Who, Tomb, Ke-mov'al.

,, „ Wolf, Wom'an, Wol/ver-ine/, Bos'om.

„ „ Oth'er, Son, Wel'come, Wis'dom, Can'non.

„ „ Owl, Cow'ard, Vow'el, Al-low', Bow' wow'.

„ „ Oys'ter, Boy, Roy'al, En-joy', An-noy'ance.

„ „ Fly, Sky, Style, Defy', Dy'ing.

Yt'tri-a, Hymn, Eyr'ic, My-thol'o-gy.

Myrrh, Myr'tle, Sa'tyr, Mar'tyr-dom.

a(=»),

E, e (= a), . . . .

E, 6 (= a), . : . .
Ew, ew (= u), .
Ee, ee (= e), . . ,

i (= e),

I,t(=e):

Q, o (= oo), . .
o (= ob or u),

6, *(=«), . .*.

Ow, ow (= ou),
Oy. oy (= oi), . .

y(=i),

*,y(=D,

y(=«),

5> )>
?> >>

C, e (= k), . .
C, c (= s), . . ,
Ch,ch(=k),
Ch, ch (= sh),
G, g (= g), • •

as in Cat, Concur.

„ „ Cell, Vice.

„ „ Chorus, Epoch.

„ „ Chaise, 3Iachine.

„ „ Get, Begin, Anger.

„ „ Gem, Engine.

dg(=j),

x. (= gz), . . . ,

x (= ks),
Ph, ph t= f ), . .
Qu, qu (= kw), .
Wh, wh (= hw),

as in Edge, Badger.
„ ,, I§, Hag, "Wigdom.
„ ,, Ejist, Example.
,, „ Vex, Exit.
,, ,, Phantom, Sylph.
„ „ Queen, Conquest.
„ „ When, What.

THE VOWELS OF THE ALPHABET IN DETAIL.

A.

§ 1. A, a : as in ale, fate, mak'er, pro-fane'. The sound is otherwise represented, as in
pain, day, gaol, gauge, break, veil, whey, also aye (ever) ; and is the name sound of the letter.
The vowel is called " long a."

A is diphthongal, its initial element being nearly 6 in end, and its vanish i in ill or e in eve.

The vanish is heard most distinctly when the sound ends a word or an accented syllable, and ifc
varies according to the nature of the consonant by which it is stopped.

The radical or initial element, somewhat widened, is the exceptional sound of a in many, any,
Thames; and of ai in said, again, against. See § 13.

§ 2. A, & '■ a modification of the preceding vowel in syllables without accent ; ranging between a
(ale) and 6 (end) ; and never taking the vanish. It occurs in the endings -ace, -age ; as, pref-
ace, sol'Sce, rav'Sge, ad'age, etc. The ending -ate, in the case of verbs, takes a (ale), with
accent, primary or secondary (though with the secondary accent not marked in the Dictionary) ; as,
re-late', ad'vo-cate (v.), em'u-late, con'ju-gate (v.), ag'gre-gate (v.), etc. ; while, in the
case of nouns and adjectives, a without the accent is commonly used ; as, sen'ate, prel'ate, ad'-
vo-cSte (n.), ag'gre-gate (».), con'ju-g£te (a.). Also, a often occurs as preceding another
vowel — usually accented — in the following syllable; as, a-e'ri-al, cha-ot'ic, Ju'da-ism. In
words like mis'cel-lavny, sal'u-ta-ry, sunuVtu-aV-ry, the a, before ny or ry final, and with
the preceding syllable unaccented, has properly this sound ; but if the preceding syllable be accented,
as in bot'a-ny, di'a-ry, sal'a-ry, pri'ma-ry, boun'da-ry, the a, sound (so'fa), is usually
preferred ; yet in con'tra-ry and li'bra-ry the 2fc is the easier to give, and in these and some
others of the class is common and allowable. In final syUables, the tendency of the sound is to pass

vm GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

through 6 to i, as in village, sur'f ace, etc., in which the a is followed by a j or an s sound. The
ai in moun'tain, cap'tain, etc., in the same way becomes I (ill).

§ 3. A, a : only in syllables closed by the sound of r and more or less strongly accented ; as in
care, share, corn-pare', par'ent, plow'share'. The sound is also represented by e (thdre) ;
and otherwise as in air, bear, heir, prayer.

The a before r does not ordinarily take this sound when the r precedes a vowel or another r in the
following syllable of the word ; as in par'i-ty, par'ry, com-par'i-son, char'i-ty, etc. But
the sound remains without change by an added verb inflection or the suffix -er ; as in com-par'-
ing, shar'er ; and appears exceptionally in par'ent, par'ent-age, gar'ish.

The sound is the narrow correlate of the wide a (am). It is not simply a prolongation of that
sound ; though, if we attempt such prolongation, the organs naturally slide into a position which
gives the sound in question.

The difference between this sound and that of a may be readily distinguished by sounding the
first syllable of charity and the word chair.

Some orthoepists, as Walker, Smart, Stormonth, Ellis, identify this sound with a, or with e" pro-
longed, but this sound is not now commonly given in the United States.

§ 4. A, a : as in am, add, fat, r&n'dom, have, par'i-ty ; also in plaid, guar'an-ty, etc. ;
the regular " short a." It is usually followed by a closing consonant sound, whether accented or
unaccented.

As unaccented, it is more commonly found in initial closed syllables : as in al-lude', at-tack',
annul'.

§ 5. A, a : as in arm, far, father, ah, alms, palm, etc. ; having equivalents as in hearth,
aunt, guard, etc. ; called the " Italian a."

This is the most open of all the vowel sounds. In its formation the mouth and throat are
opened widely, and the tongue is left in its natural position of rest.

§ 6. A, a. This is the sound to be preferred in certain words or syllables ending in sk, ff, ft,
th, ss, sp, st, nee, nt, nd ; as, ask, staff, graft, path, pass, grasp, last, dance,
chant, com-mand' ; and in some other cases ; besides its frequent use in unaccented syllables,
— for one class of which it will in this Dictionary be indicated by a, the Italic form of the letter.
See § 7.

In organic position, a lies between a in am, and a in arm. The main part of the tongue is
Taised higher than in arm, and the mouth is not so widely opened.

In unaccented stllables this sound (a) is of frequent occurrence, though in rapid speech more
or less obscured and often falling into the neutral form.

In open syllables unaccented, as in a-rise', di'a-dem, ca-lor'ic, mu'ta-ble, bot'a-ny,
sal'a-ry, vil'la, so'fa, etc., the sound may be regarded as a brief and obscure form of a.

§ 7. In final or medial syllables, unaccented, and closed by n, 1, nt, nee, nd, s, ss, st, p or ph
or n*, m, or d, as in syl'van, va'can-cy, mor'tal, loy'al, va'cant, val'iant, guid'ance,
hus'band, Was, com'pass, bal'last, break'fast, jal'ap, ser'aph, mad'am, myr'i-ad,

etc., the Italic a is used in the spelling for pronunciation. See § 6.

§ 8. A, a : as in all, talk, swarm, wa'ter, ap-pall' ; otherwise represented in haul, draw,
awe ; also in orb, bdrn, bought, etc.

This is called the " broad sound " of a, and is formed by a depression of the larynx and a con-
sequent retraction of the tongue which enlarges the cavity of the mouth posteriorly,

In the words salt, malt, quarrel, etc., as commonly heard, the sound of a falls between 5 in
not and a in all (or is a somewhat shortened).

§9. A, a: as in was, what, wan'der, wal'low, qual'i-ty, etc. The sound is identical

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. ix

with that of 5 (5dd, n5t), and ow in knowledge, etc. In the respelling for pronunciation, it
will be represented by 6.

E.

§ 10. E, e : as in eve, mete, con'crete', etc. ; the name sound, having equivalents as in feet,
beam, de-ceive', peo'ple, key, Cse'sar, ma-cbine', field, quay, Phoe.'bus, Por'tu-guese', etc.
The vowel is called "long e." In the formation of this element, the tongue is raised convexly
within the dome of the palate, pressing against its sides, and leaving the smallest possible passage
through which a vowel sound is uttered.

§ 11. E, e" : in unaccented syllables, as e-vent', S-pit'o-me, erg-ate', de'-lin'e'-ate', so-ci'-

e-ty ; shorter than accented e (eve), verging towards, or sometimes even reaching, I (ill).

§ 12. E, e. This, in genuine English words, occurs only with i or y added, so as to make a
digrapb ; as in eight, prey, vein, etc. The sound is identical with a in ale, and will be indi-
cated by a in the respelling.

In naturalized and half-naturalized foreign words, as forte, finale, abbe, ballet, con-
somme, adobe, auto-da-fe, Jose, and in the interjection elx and in a few other instances, we
have this sound of e without the vanish. In such cases, in the respelling, it is indicated by the
symbol a.

§ 13. £, 6 : as in end, pfit, ten, fir'ror, etc. ; otherwise as in featb/er, heif'er, leop'ard,
friend, di-ser'e-sis, as/a-fcet'i-da, bur'y, guess, a'ny, said, etc. ; called "short e." The syllable
is usually closed by a consonant sound.

This is not the short sound of e in eve, but the initial or radical sound, somewhat widened, of the
diphthongal a. It is made by arching up the tongue under the hard palate, as in e, but its place of
formation is farther back.

Unaccented it occurs, as in ex-cuse', fin-large', fif-f ace', fis-tate', fir-ro'ne-ous, lev'fil,
in'tfil-lect7, car'pfit ; and sometimes it verges to or towards i, as in ro'ses, hors'fis, fair'fist,
wis'est, riv'et, end'ed, wicked, wool'fin, kitch'fin.

§ 14. E, 6 : as in there, where ; also in heir, etc. ; only before r ; — identical in sound with
a (care).

§ 15. £, e: as in fern, err, her, er'mine, verge, in-feV, per-vgrt'; otherwise as in sir,
bird, earn, mirth, niyr'tle, guer'don, etc. It occurs when immediately followed by r in a mono-
syllable or in the same accented syllable ; but not when the r precedes a vowel or another r in the
following syllable, as in vfir'y, pfir'il, meVry, fir'ror, he'ro, pe'ri-od, etc., except that verbs
having this sound of the letter almost always retain it when inflected or suffixed ; as in con-f Sir-
ring, de-tfir'rlng, con-fer'rer, re-fer'ri~ble.

This sound is formed by placing the organs in a position intermediate between that requisite for
sounding u (urn), and that for sounding 6, thus making (as Smart observes) a compromise between
the two. A majority of English-speaking people, however, make no distinction between e in her,
and u in urn ; but as many orthoepists do make a slight difference, the two markings have been
retained in this Dictionary.

§ 16. Unaccented S (before r),~ as in ev'er, read'Sr, lov'Sr, sev'Sr, sev'er-al, per-form',
rev'Sr-ent, in'fer-ence, cav'grn, etc., with equivalents in e-lix,ir, zeph'yr, ac'tor, li'ar, etc.,
— is nearly identical with the accented e (f ern).

§ 17. The e before n in unaccented syllables, — as in pru'dent, rai'ment, con-ven'ient,
cre'dence, de'een-cy, etc., — takes a sound of obscure quality in ordinary speech The e before
n in wool'en, kitch'en, etc., takes properly the 6 (find) sound, which in rapid speech tends
toward i (ill). In words like com'ment, con'vent, — correct with fi (find), — we have the final

X GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

syllable actually under a secondary accent. Before 1, the unaccented e is, in some cases, like that
above before n ; as in nov'el, in'fi-del ; while in shriv'el and some others it takes the form ex-
plained below (see § 18) ; — but, in many cases, it is commonly and properly given as e (end) ; thus
in jew'el, cru'el, cam'el, gos'pel, fun'nel, an'gel, chan'nel. In some of these, and in
other words of the kind, there is considerable diversity of usage as between these sounds.

In the case of words like pru'dent, nov'el (see above in this paragraph), the vowel will be in-
dicated by a bare Italic e in the spelling for pronunciation.

§ 18. The unaccented vowel of obscure quality before n or 1, is sometimes reduced to the attenu-
ated form called the voice-glide, — as in eat'en, heav'en, o'pen, shriv'el, a'ble, gen'tle,
par'ti-cle, ba'sin, cous'in, par'don, sea'son, etc.

Syllables are also made by m with the voice-glide ; as in schism (siz'm), chasm (kaz'm), mi'-
cro-cosm (-koz'm), etc. Substituting the vowel u for the voice-glide is not sanctioned.

In this Dictionary, an apostbophe (') is used in the respelling for pronunciation to indicate the
vowel elision or the voice-glide ; as, par'd'n, a'b'l, etc.

§ 19. The letter e silent. As annexed to a consonant at the end of a syllable, this letter has no
sound ; but serves commonly, in accented syllables, to indicate the preceding vowel as long ; as in
came, tone. It also marks the preceding consonant c or g as soft ; as in ser'vice, rav'age,
vice, o-blige'.

§ 20. The letter e, with consonant value. Like the short I, when e unaccented is closely followed
by another vowel, it naturally falls into more or less of a consonant y sound, and the e thus makes
with the following vowel an imperfect, or consonantal, diphthong. After t, or d, or c, or s, this
y sound often coalesces with the consonant and changes its sound ; as in right'eous (ri'chus) ;
gran'deur (gran'dur or gran'jur), mi-ca'ceous (-shus), o'cean (o'shan), and nau'seous (na/-
shus). Even after the sound of the e has changed the preceding consonant, it may still appear, espe-
cially when the accent falls upon the following vowel ; as in o'ce-an'ic (o'she-Sn'Tk), nau'se-ate
(na'she-at).

I.

§ 21. I, I : as in ice, time, sight, child, bind, gi'ant : the name sound of the letter. It
is called "longi." Equivalents are vie, guile, height, aisle, thy, buy, choir, rye, eye, ay or
aye (yes) as sometimes heard.

The sound is diphthongal. The main part is the glide between its initial (a in arm) and its ter-
minal (i in ill).

§ 22. 1,1: unaccented : as in f-de'a, bt-ol'o-gy. trt-bu'nal, bf-car'bo-nate, dl-am'e-ter.

The quality of the sound is subject to variation ; the diphthong (l in ice) being more curtailed as
the syllable takes less stress and shorter quantity.

§ 23. I, i : as in pique, ma-ch'ine', in-trigue', etc. The sound is the same as that of e
(eve), by which it is represented in the respelling for pronunciation.

§ 24. I, i : as in ill, pit, pit'y, Ts'sue, admit', un-til', etc. Equivalents are hymn, guin'ea,
sieve, breech'es, been, Eng'lish, bus'y, wom'en. This is not the short sound of i in ice, but the
short correlative of e in eve. It is called " short i."

Unaccented syllables with this vowel are, in the greater number of cases, closed by a conso-
nant, as in cab'in, il-lume', in-hab'it. But there are many words in which i ends an unac-
cented syllable or forms a syllable by itself, as di-vide', visl-ble, vis'i-bill-ty.

§ 25. I, i, before r : as in fir, bird, vir'tue, vir'gin, irk'some. etc. : the precise equiva-
lent of e (fern). In some words the sound, before 1 or n, is reduced to the voice-glide ; as in
e'vil (eVl), ba'sin (ba's'n), etc. See § 18.

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xi

§ 26. The letter i, with consonant value. A short i, closely followed by another vowel, often
falls into a y sound, and thus produces an impure diphthong, and makes one syllable out of two ; as
in f il'ial, min'ion, gen'ius, etc. A preceding s surd, c soft, or sc, by fusion with the y, takes
an sh sound ; as in man'sion, con'scious, vi'cious ; and an s sonant or a z takes a zli sound ;
as in vi'sion, gla'zier, - the i sound being wholly lost. A preceding t does the same, as in
na'tion, par'tial, etc. ; with the exception that when preceded by a syllable ending in s or x, the
ti takes a ch (tsh) sound ; as in ques'tion, mix'tion, Christian, etc. After g, the i falls
out, leaving the g soft ; as in re'gion. When d precedes the i, the di in some words becomes,
or tends to become, a j (dzh) ; as cordial, In'dian, etc., are sometimes, and sol'dier is always,
pronounced.

§ 27. 0,5: as in old, note, bone, o'ver, pro-pose', lo'co-mo'tive, etc. ; with equiva-
lents as in roam, foe, shoul'der, grow, owe, sew, yeo'man, beau, hautboy, door. It is the

" regular long " sound, and the name sound of the letter.

This vowel takes a distinctly perceptible vanish in db (fbbt), or sometimes in oo (food), and is
thus diphthongal. In the formation of the radical part, the lips are contracted to a circular open-
tag ; and the jaw is less depressed than for $, and more than for oo (food). As in the similar
case of a (ale) the vanish is not universal, yielding more or less to counteracting influences.

Before r in accented syllables, the long o naturally and more properly takes a vanish in u (urn)
instead of db ; as in glo'ry, ore, door, four.

§ 28. 6, 6. In unaccented and usually open syllables, in English ; as in 6-bey', to-bac'co,
bil'low, bil'lows, So-crat'ic, po-et'ic, eu'16-gy, a-nat'6-my, trail s'i to-ry. This sound
differs from the o (old), not only by absence of the vanish, but by taking a somewhat wider form.

§ 29. 6, 6 : only before r ; as in 6rb, lord, or'der, abhor', ex-hdrt', etc. ; with equiva-
lents, as in extraordinary, georgic, etc.

The most generally approved pronunciation here represented by this symbol is identical with that
of a (all).

The 6 is limited to accented syllables with the r not followed by a vowel or another r in the fol-
lowing syllable of the same word (the case of inflected verbs, as ab-hor'ring, and the cognate
nouns in -er, as ab-hor'rer, excepted) ; while otherwise the vowel is 5, as in f or'eign, tor'rid,
or o, as in more, o'ral.

There are some words in which o before consonants other than r takes usually and properly a
medial sound between a. (all) and 5 ; as song, long, soft, cross, gone, off, trougb, oft,
often, cost, broth, cloth, etc. In the respelling for pronunciation in the Dictionary, this
medial sound is indicated by 6 (odd).

In unaccented syllables, we sometimes have the 6 (orb) ; as in mor-tal'i-ty, f 6r-get', dr-
dain', etc., and in for, nor, or, unaccented as well as accented.

§ 30. O, o : as in n5t, odd, etc. ; called "short o ; " having a (in was, etc.) as an equivalent,
and also ow in knowledge and ou in hough, lough. It is the short correlate of a (all).

Unaccented syllables with 6 are naturally closed by a consonant ; as in con-elude', 5c-cur',
5p-press/, dis'edn-tent', rec'ol-lect', re'cSm-mit' ; falling into the neutral sound in very
rapid speech. They are rarely final syllables, the 6 (son) sound being commonly given in final
syllables.

§ 31. O, o : as in do, prgve, tomb, etc. ; the same as db, and represented by db in the
respelling for pronunciation.

§ 32. O, o : as m wolf, wo'man, bo'som, etc. ; with sound of tyo, and represented by o^o
in the respelling for pronunciation.

xu GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

§ 33. 6, 6 : as in sdn, done, oth'er, etc. ; doubled in flood, blood, etc. ; —the same as fi
(up), or before r as u (urn), and in the respelling for pronunciation represented by these sym-
bols in accented syllables.

In unaccented syllables the 6 occurs frequently ; as in ac'tor, at'om, wel'come, f el'on,
bish'op, hig'ot, etc., with sound either as u (up) or as e (ev'er). In the respelling for pronun-
ciation, it will appear before r as e, and in most other cases as ii ; but sometimes before n it repre-
sents merely a voice-glide ; as beck'on (b5k''n), rea'son (reVn).

Oo.

§ 34. The double letter oo has two sounds, marked do and <ib ; besides the oo in door, and in
flood, etc. In uttering these sounds the labial opening is still more contracted than for o.

§ 35. Oo, do : as in moon, food, fool, boot, etc. ; with equivalents in do, canoe, group,
rude, rue, recruit, rheum, drew, manoeuvre.

§ 36. Oo, do : as in foot, wool, good, crdbk'ed, etc. Equivalents are o (wolf) and u
(full). It is the wide or short correspondent of the long do.

Oi and Oy.

§ 37. The diphthong oi and oy is made by the rapid change or glide of the organs in passing from
a. to 1, as in oil, boy, etc.

Ou and Ow.

§ 38. The dipthong ou and ow is formed by a rapid passage of the organs from a to Sit, as in
outrun, owl, outlive, etc. Making the firet element a is a local peculiarity, and is very ob-
jectionable.

As digraphs, these combinations of letters take several other sounds ; as in soup, route,
Zouave (zwav or zob-av'), soul, cou'ple, griev'ous, know, bil'low, knowl'edge,
cham'ois, av'oir-du-pois', choir, tor'toise, etc.

§39. €", u : as in use, a-buse', fu'sion, pure, mute, cube, tune, du'ty, lute, ju'ry,

etc. ; called " long u ; " having equivalents as in beauty, feodal, feud, pew, ewe, lieu, view,
cue, suit, yule, yew, you.

The general type of the sound is that of a diphthong, which has do (food) for the terminal and
main part, and for the initial a very brief and evanescent element, nearly related to I (ill) or to e
(eve) ; but in the greater number of cases there comes in, as a glide, a more or less full sound of
consonant y, which displaces the initial vowel element. When preceded by certain consonants, the
y glide has a tendency to be fused with the consonant, thus taking the shape of a sibilant, sh or zh,
glide (see below). This tendency, in accented syllables, — to which the u is limited, — should be
severely restricted. Also, in no case whatever should the y sound be forced in when it will not come
in smoothly as a glide.

At the beginning of a syllable, as in use, u'nit, etc., the initial vowel element becomes y, — the
G here sounding the same as you in the words you, youth, etc. Next to this, the y sound comes
in the most clearly after p, b, m, v, f , c, and g hard ; as in pure, bu'reau, beau'ty, mute,
view, fii'tile, cube, gule. After n, it is less prominent ; as in new. After s, th, 1, and j,
the y sound comes in with difficulty, and need not be attempted ; as in suit, assume', thew,
en-thii'si-asm, lute, ju'ry. After t or d, the u may better be given without the y ; as in
tune, tu'tor, due, duke, du'ty. In all these cases of y omitted, the initial vowel element (a
brief form of 1) is retained : it would be quite wrong to give an ordinary do for the entire sound
In such words. The y, if attempted after t or d, is apt to degenerate into a sibilant, and pro-
duce, with the consonant, a decided tsh or dzh sound, tnus making tune, choon, and due the
same as Jew. The y sound after d or n is common in England, as in due, new, etc., but not in

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xm

America. As exceptional, the s in sure, sug'ar, and their derivatives, is entirely displaced by the
sh developed from the y sound, and the vowel is reduced to a simple ob (food) or ob (foot) sound.

§ 40. U, u : representing a modification of the sound of u (use), in unaccented syllables ; as in
u nite', grad'u-ate, ac'tu-ate, em'u-late, tu-mul'tu-ous, ju-di'cial, ad'ju-tant,
con'ju-gate, supreme', in'svi-lar, lu-cid'i-ty, in-dis'sol-u-ble, val'u-a-ble, virtue,
na'ture, ver'dure, cen'sure, sen'su-al, is'su-ing, meas'ure, etc. The sound differs from
that of u by taking for the final element the wide do (fbbt) ; and, after t, by a partial or entire
change of the y into a more or less clear sh, and usually after d into a zli glide ; as in na'ture,
ver'ilfire, etc. A preceding s, in a syllable not initial (as in cen'sure, sen'su-al, etc.), takes
more commonly an sh sound, and a z or an s sonant (as in az'iire, sei'zure, lei'suro, cas'ti-al,
etc.) takes a zh sound, and the vowel becomes nearly, if not quite, the same in sound as u (joy'-
f ul). But the preceding s remains unchanged in initial, and sometimes also in medial syllables ; as
in supreme', con'su-lar, in'svi-lar, etc. After j or 1 in the same syllable, the vowel has
nearly or exactly the sound of u (joy'ful) ; as in ju-di'cial, ad'ju-tant, lu-cid'i-ty, indis'-
so-lu-ble. Before r, the sound often inclines towards e (ev'er) ; as in na'ture, cen'sure,
meas'ure, etc.

§ 41. U, u : only after r ; as in rude, ru'mor, ru'ral. The sound does not differ essen-
tially from that of do (food). The sound occurs after s, as exceptional, in sure and its deriva-
tives, the s being heard as sh.

§42. TJ, u: as in bull, full, put, push, pull, etc. ; with sound the same as do (fbbt),
heard also in sug'ar after s as sh.

Unaccented the u occurs in the syllable f ul ; as in joy'ful, joy'f ul-ness, f ul-nlF, etc. ; also,
after r, in f ru-gal'i-ty and a few other words.

§ 43. U, u: as in urn, urge, burn, hurl, etc. ; with equivalents as in worm, journal, etc.,
before r only. The sound, as more commonly heard, is the narrow form of the vowel, correspond-
ing to the wide u. (up).

§ 44. U, ii '. as in tip, bud, tub, us, ush'er, iin'der, etc. ; the " short u ; " with equiva-
lents as in sun, does, blood, touch, etc.

In unaccented syllables the vowel occurs in cir'cxis, sub-mit', etc., and falls readily into the
" neutral vowel." The ou in pi'ous, etc., oi in por'poise, eo in dun'geon, etc., usually the
ow in bel'lows, etc., and the final element of the eou in right'eous, etc., and of iou in gra'-
cious, etc., and the o in at'om, irk'some, na'tion, etc., have the same sound.

§ 45. U, ivith consonant value, having the sound of w, before another vowel in the same syllable :
after qorg; as in qual'i-ty, quite, ques'tion, gua'no, lan'guage, etc. ; also after s, as in
persuade', suite, etc.

§ 46. The neutral vowel, sometimes called the " natural vowel," is the vooal sound made
with the least articulative effort, or with no effort to shape the sound, and heard, except as a glide,
only in unaccented syllables. It may be described as an obscure sound approaching that of ii (up)
or u (urn).

§ 47. This letter, as a vowel, has four sounds : y = T ; as in de-f y', style, fly ; — y, the equiva-
lent of i (idea) , as in hy-e'na, my-ol'o-gy ; — y = i ; as in nymph, lyr'ic, and (unaccented)
pit'y, hap'py ; — y = e or I ; as in myrrh, myr'tle and (unaccented) zeph'yr.

xiv GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

DIAGRAM OF THE SIMPLE VOWEL SOUNDS.

a ; • . . as in . . . arm ;

>> ?>

ask;

a, a; 6, a; . . "" . care, am ; odd, all ;

a, e; 6,5; "" ale, end ; obey, old;

[8,3; [ti, ft; "" [f3rn, ever ; [tip, urn ;

e, I; do, do; "" eve, ill ; f dot, food.

DIPHTHONGS.
The compound ou is a glide from a to do.
The compound I is a glide from a to I.
The compound u is composed of y or I and do,
The sound of a. has a vanish in I or e.
The sound of o has a vanish in do or ob.

THE CONSONANTS OF THE ALPHABET (WITH THE CON-
SONANT DIGRAPHS) IN DETAIL.

B.

§ 48. This is a labial sonant, correlative of p, as in boy, cab, ebb, beau'ty, bring, blow,
a'ble, herb, bulb, robbed (r5bd), etc. It is usually silent after m in the same syllable ; as in
bomb, climb, tomb ; also before t ; as in debt, doubt, sub'tle ; also in bdellium.

§ 49. The " soft c " has a sibilant sound of three varieties : — One like s sharp, marked C, c, and
represented by s in the respelling for pronunciation. C has this sound before e, I, or y ; as in
cede, civil, cypress, acid, glance, force, vice, etc. — In a few words the letter has the z
sound ; as in sacrifice, suffice, discern. —When ce or ci is followed by another vowel in the
same syllable, the sli sound is taken, either by the c alone, as in oceanic, viciosity, or by the
ce or ci together, as in ocean, vicious, etc.

§ 50. The " hard c," marked C, -e, has the sound of k, and is represented by k in the respelling.
The letter has this sound before a, o, or u, or a consonant, and at the end of a syllable if not fol-
lowed by i or e ; as in call, cold, pic'ture, act, ethics ; and before e in sceptic, and i in
scirrous, etc.

§ 51. C is silent in czar, victuals, indict, and in muscle, corpuscle, etc.

CH.

§ 52. The digraph ch (unmarked) has nearly the sound of tsh ; as in chin, church. It is the
surd correlative of j.

The sound is also represented by ti in bastion, question, Christian, etc., by te in
righteous, and by t with the initial part of u in texture, nature, etc.

§ 53. The digraph marked Ch, ch, has the sound of sh, in words from the French which have
retained this sound ; as in chaise, chivalry, chagrin, machine, mustache.

§ 54. Ch hard, marked Ch, ch ; with sound like k, which is used to represent it in the respell-

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xv

Ing. It has this sound in words derived from the Greek, and through the Latin in all but quite
modern words; as in chorus, epoch, echo, chlorine, chrism, character; or from the
Hebrew ; as in Nebuchadnezzar, Enoch, etc. ; exceptions are church, chart, Rachel,
cherub, and the prefix arch- in archbishop, archdeacon, archduke, etc. ; but the k
sound remains in archangel, and in architect, architrave, etc.

§ 55. Ch is silent in drachm, schism, yacht ; also in fuchsia.

§ 56. This is a dental sonant, correlative of the surd t ; as in day, dry, bed, aimed, idle.
tt sounds as t when preceded by a surd in the same syllable ; as in hissed, looked, arched
< nist, 166kt, archt). It is silent in the first syllable of Wednesday and in handkerchief,
handsome, and windrow.

§ 57. This is a labiodental, the surd correlative of the sonant v ; as in fame, fly, few, staff,
oft, etc. It has gh and ph for equivalents ; as in laugh, photograph, etc. It takes the
sound of v in the word of, and usually in the compounds, hereof, thereof, whereof.

G.

§ 58. The " hard g " is marked G, g ; but in the respelling for pronunciation is represented by g
unmarked. It is a guttural sonant, the correlative of k, used before a, o, u, or 1, r, s, in the same
syllable; as in gay, go, gun, glad, grow, lingual, argue, bags, haggle ; — sometimes,
though not usually, before e, i, or y ; as in get, give, gig, muggy. The letter g is always
hard at the end of a word ; as in hug, berg ; also in the derivatives of such words, even when the
doubled g is followed by e, i, or y ; as in cragged, druggist, foggy.

The interposition of a slight sound of e (eve) or I (ill) between g hard and a following a or I
sound, in garden, guard, guide, guile, etc., and in like manner after a k or hard c, in card,
kind, etc., — upheld by the authority of Walker, — is not approved.

§ 59. The " soft g," marked G, g, has the sound of j, and is represented by j in the respelling
for pronunciation ; as in gem, engine, rage, caged,' etc. It is found usually before e, i, or y.

§ 60. In a few words from the French, the letter g retains the sound like that of z in azure ;
as in rouge, mirage, cortege, etc.

§ 61. The letter g is silent before m or n final, and when initial before n ; as in phlegm,
siirn, gnat, gnostic, etc. No g sound is heard in the digraph ng; as in sing, long, etc. ; nor
jn seraglio, nor in bagnio.

GH.

§ 62. At the beginning of a word, this digraph is sounded like hard g ; as in ghastly, ghost,
etc. It is silent after i ; as in high, sigh, weigh, straight, eight, right, etc. ; also before
t in the same or a following syllable ; as in bought, brought, thought, wrought, causrht,
taught, fraught, daughter, drought, etc. ; but has the sound of f in the word draught;
the sound of f also commonly after au or ou at the end of a syllable ; as in laugh, cough, rough,
enough; that of k in hough, lough, shough ; and is often silent after au or ou in the same
syllable ; as in overslaugh, dough, doughy, though, bough, through.

§ 63. This is a pure breath sound, representing no fixed configuration of the vocal organs, and is
often called the aspirate. It occurs at the beginning of words or syllables, as in hate, here, hire.

XVI

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

house, home, hard, hit, hoop, hoot, etc. The sound may be produced before any of the
vowel sounds and before the semivowel sounds y and w. It is represented by wh in who,
whose, whom. H is silent in heir, herb (usually), honest, honor, hour, and their de-
rivatives.

J.

§ 64. This, with the equivalents g soft and dg, is compounded of d and zh. We have it in jar,
jam, jest, jut, jury, join, etc. It is the sonant correlative of the surd ch. In some proper
names of foreign origin, and in other foreign words, j or dj occurs at the end of a syllable ; as in
Aj'a-lon, hadj, hadj'i, Mij'a-min, Raj, Raj'poor'.

The sound is represented by ge in surgeon, outrageous, etc. ; by gi in region, religious,
etc. ; by di in soldier, etc. ; by de in grandeur, etc. ; and by d with a part of u in verdure.

K.

§ 65. This is a guttural surd mute, the correlative of sonant g (hard) ; as in kite , kill, skill, ask,
ark, elk, ilk, mink, oak, etc. It has hard c, hard ch, gh, cu, qu, que, cque, and q for
equivalents; as in call, chorus, hough, biscuit (-kit), coquet, antique, sacque, queen.

The sound is the first component of the ordinary x ; as in box, etc. Before n, in the same syllable,
k is silent ; as in knot, knee, etc. ; ck has the sound of k alone ; as in back ; as does Ik after
a, (all) or o (old) ; as in walk, folk, etc.

I*

§ 66. This is a palatal sonant made by contact of the point of the tongue with the palate, as for
t, d, n ; but with the sides of the tongue in this case left free for the passage of the breath. It is
one of the liquids. We have it in lie, all, sole. The 1 in an unaccented following an accented
syllable fulfills the office of a vowel ; as in battle, bustle, bridle, couple, pickle, etc., and
in some other cases, as in evil, easel, etc. The 1 is silent in would, could, should, alms,
balm, malmsey, calm, palm, palmer, psalm, salmon, almond, half, behalf, calf,
halve, salve, calves, balk, chalk, calk, talk, stalk, walk, folk, yolk (often), with like
words and their derivatives.

M.

§ 67. M has but one sound, produced by closing the lips, as for b and p, and letting the vocalized
breath into the nasal passage ; as in me, tame, times. At the beginning of a word, m before n
is silent ; as in mnemonics.

N.

§ 68. N, as in none, inn, one, ten, fern, snow, tent, annul, change, ingress, con-
gressive, etc., is the dentonasal consonant; the oral passage being closed by contact of the point
and the sides of the tongue with the palate, just as it is for t and d, — n being continuous and
nasal, while t and d are momentary and oral.

§ 69. When n is final after m it is silent ; as in hymn, condemn, solemn, etc. ; but when
to such words is added a suffix or an inflection beginning with a vowel, the n is generally sounded ;
as in condemnation, condemnatory, solemnize, solemnity, hymnology, hymnist,
limner, autumnal, etc. N is silent in kiln, limekiln, etc. In the participles damned,
damning, condemning, contemning, hymning, limning, etc., and also in the cognate
nouns condemner and contemner, usage is divided. Initial kn, pn, mn, are sounded as n ;
as in know, pneumatics, mnemonics, etc.

§ 70. N at the close of an accented syllable, with g, c, or ch, hard, or k or qu, commen-
cing a following syllable, commonly takes the ng sound, and is marked n ; as in an'ger, un'-
cle, din'gle, an'chor, con'gress, con/gre-ga'tion, can/ker, con/quest, con'quer,

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xvii

etc. ; but not generally if the accent falls on the latter syllable ; as in con-gres'sive, con-cor'-
dant, etc. ; nor in the prefixes in-, en-, on-, un-, 11011- ; as, in'come, un'con-cern', non'-
com-mit'tal ; nor in quin'cunx, and the derivatives and compounds of quin'que ; nor in
pen'guin and a few other words. In e'lon-ga'tion, pro'lon-ga'tion, san-gnif'er-ous,
etc., and often in con-gres'sion-al, con-gru'i-ty, and like words, the n, though unaccented,
retains the sound of ng, which is given ic by rule in the words from which these are derived, as
e-Ion/gate, etc. It takes the ng sound also before k, or ch hard, or x, at the end of a syllable ;
as in ink, think, thank, monk, conch, anx'ious, etc.

NG.

§ 71. The digraph Ng, ng, is the equivalent of n. This sound is formed with the organs in the
same position as g (hard), except that the nasal passage through which the sound passes is left
open. The digraph occurs only at the end of syllables ; as in long, wing, hang, sins, song'
Stress ; or with ue added at the end ; as in tongue ; except that m the comparatives and super-
latives of long, strong, young, the g goes with a proper hard g sound to the inflection, while
the 11 takes to itself the n sound ; as, lon'ger, lon'gest. In diphthong and triphthong the
g goes, in a like way, to the suffix -al.

§ 72. This is the surd correlative of b ; as in pea, cup, pray, play, harp, spy, spread,
oppress, etc. It is silent as initial before n, s, sh, and t ; as in pneumatics, psalm, pshaw ;
also in raspberry, receipt, sempstress, accompt, corps, and their derivatives.

PH.

§ 73. This digraph occurs chiefly in words of Greek derivation, and has usually the sound of £ ;
as in phantom, sylph, philosophy, etc. It has the sound of v in Stephen ; and, according
to most orthoepists, in nephew, though in America it has commonly its regular sound of f in
the latter word. In diphthong, triphthong, ophthalmy, naphtha, and other allied
words, and their derivatives, the ph is sometimes sounded as p.

§ 74. Q is in all cases followed by u, and the two together have commonly the sound of kw ;
as in queen, conquest, etc. ; but they have that of k in a few words from the French, as in co-
quette, etc. ; as has also the ending -que in antique, burlesque, etc.

R.

§ 75. The sound of r, as in rip, trip, carol, far, form, etc., is produced by the passage of
the voice over the tongue, the end of which is raised, but does not touch the roof of the mouth,
while its sides close the passages through which the sound of 1 passes.

There are two leading varieties of the consonant r. One, the dental r, is made between the
point of the tongue and herd palate not far back of the teeth ; need before a vowel, as in ri»e. try,
oral, array. This, as requiring a more forcible expulsion of the breath, is commonly called
" rough " r. The other, the palatal r, is made between the tongue and the palate, somewhat
farther back, with less friction of breath than the dental, and hence is commonly called " smooth " r.
It occurs at the end of a syllable or before a consonant, as in far, arm, orbit.

The " rough " r is by some speakers more or less trilled, but this practice is not common in the
United States.

A prevailing fault in New England is (like that which Walker says prevailed in England, especially
in London) not sounding the r at the end of words and before a consonant ; thus, ea (with the vowel
somewhat prolonged) for car, f am for farm, etc. It still prevail*, .n the south of England. In
the United States, the fault is not uncommon in New England. But among educated people the r
takes generally in the United States a more or less clear sound as a consonant in all situations.

xviii GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

The letter r never takes the regular short sound of a vowel before it, except when in primitives
and their derivatives it ends a syllable, and is followed by a syllable beginning with a vowel sound;
as in marry, very, spirit, mirror, florid, morrow, hurry, myriads. The doubling of
the r does not affect this statement, since but one r is sounded.

When primitives end in r their derivatives do not take the regular short sound of a vowel simi-
larly situated ; as in bar, barring; infer, inferring; err, erring; stir, stirring ; ab-
hor, abhorring ; occur, occurring.

S.

§ 76. The proper sound of s as a surd is made by breath forced through a contracted channel
between the tongue and the hard palate near the front teeth, and impinging upon the edges of the
upper or the lower teeth; as in see, so, hiss, yes, scorn, sky, sly, smile, snow, spy,
square, stay, swim, cuffs, picks, cups, cuts, sense, curse, best, message, display,
lisp, gipsy, absurd, etc. Equivalents are : c soft, as in cell, civil, vice ; sc, as in scene,
science, etc. ; sch as in schism.

§ 77. The sonant s (marked §), corresponding to the surd, as above, is made with the same artic-
ulative position, except that the tongue is pressed somewhat closer to the palate. The sound is pre-
cisely like that of z ; as in i§, ha§, etc. The s is sonant as the final sound of some verbs and surd
as the final sound of the cognate nouns or adjectives ; as use, abuse, diffuse, house, etc.
Notice close, with s as z in verb and noun, and s sharp in the adjective. Compare advise (v.),
advice (n.), etc.

§ 78. S takes sometimes the sound of sh, by fusion with a following y sound, with consequent
vowel change; as in version, mansion, convulsion, censure, sensual, sure, sugar,

etc. ; in the case of s doubled, the first is assimilated to the second ; as in passion (pSsh'Gn),
issue (Ish'u or Tsh'u). In a few words s takes the sh sound while leaving the following vowel
unchanged ; as in Asiatic, nausea, etc. Compare § 49.

§ 79. S takes the sound (zh) of z in azure by fusion with a following y sound, when it is pre-
ceded by a vowel in an accented syllable ; as in virion, de-ci'§ion, ad-he'gion, suasion, ex-
plosion, con-fusion, pleasure, lei'sure, vig'u-al, u'su-ry, etc. ; also in sci§'§ion,
ab-scis/sion, re-sci§'§ion.

SH.

§ 80. This digraph, as in sharp, shine, rash, usher, represents a surd sibilant made between
tongue and palate at a place farther back than the g. It is reckoned as a simple element, and is the
correlate of the sonant sound represented by zh.

The sound is otherwise represented by c or s with or before e or i, and by t or sc with or before
by s, sometimes, before u ; as involved in the x in anxious, luxury, etc. ; by ch in chaise,
machine, etc. ; by chs in fuchsia; and by sch in schorl, schottische, from the German.

§ 81. This is the dental surd correlative of sonant d ; as in tie, it, note, try, tune, twine,
Stay, stray, art, last, apt, sent, aft, act, salt, next, attend, etc.

§ 82. This digraph is used to represent two sounds, a surd and a sonant, both made with the
same articulative position: the surd, as in thin, thing, thrive, enthusiasm, breath,
length, birth, width, etc ; the sonant, marked Ph, th, as in the, this, thy, then, with,
breathe, bathe, father, northern, etc.

In the following nouns the th is surd in the singular and sonant in the plural : bath, cloth,

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xix

lath, mouth, oath, path, wreath, moth ; pi. bath§, clothg, etc. Verb and noun forms
differ : the verb sonant, the noun surd ; as, breathe, breath ; wreathe, wreath ; bathe,
bath ; mouth, mouth.

§ 83. Th has the sound of t in thyme, Thomas, Thames, Esther ; and in phthisic,

(ph being silent). It is commonly silent in isthmus and asthma.

V.

§ 84. This is the sonant correlative of the surd f ; as in vain, vivid, ever, live, lived,
move, move?, calves., wolves, etc. The sound is taken by f in of ; but in pronouncing its
compounds, hereof, thereof, etc., usage is divided between v and f.

W.

§ 85. At the beginning of a word or of a syllable, as wet, worse, inward, this letter (which
is unmarked) is a sonant, formed from, and nearly resembling, the vowel oo, but requiring for
its utterance a closer position, or greater contraction, of the labial aperture ; and this compression
of the lips changes the quality of the sound, giving it a buzzing and articulative instead of a smooth
and purely vocal character.

It is often represented by u occurring before another vowel in the same syllable, as in quail,
query, languid, assuage, etc.

§ 86. After a vowel in the same syllable, w is generally silent ; as in glow, thrown, etc.,
though sometimes significant, as in flaw. With e it unites to form a diphthong, which is generally
sounded like long u, as in dew, few, new ; but it is sounded like oo, or like u in rude, if the
letter r stands before it, as in crew, shrew. It is often joined with a preceding o to represent
the diphthongal sound otherwise expressed by ou, as in brow, cow, town.

§ 87. W is always silent before r in the same syllable, as in wring, wrote, awry ; also in the
words answer, sword, toward, two.

WH.

§ 88. The true sound of these letters is in the reverse order, namely, hw, as they were written
in Anglo-Saxon; e. g., when is pronounced hwen ; wharf, hwarf. The h is here a free
emission of breath through the position taken by the lips in the formation of w. In who,
whole, whoop, whore, and their derivatives, the w is silent.

§ 89. The surd sound of x, as in box, wax, execute, exit, exodus, exudation, ex-
claim, extreme, excel, excellent, etc., is equivalent to that of ks. X, as preceding an ac-
cented syllable, is exceptionally surd (ks) in ex-ar'chate, ex-er'cent, ex-ude', hexam'o
ter, ox-al'ic, and a few other words (see § 90). In words such as anxious, noxious, luxury,
the s component of the x becomes sh by fusion with a following y sound.

§ 90. X is, with few exceptions, sonant (gz) when followed by an accented syllable that begins
with a vowel, or by a silent h and a vowel under the accent ; as in exist, exalt, exaggerate,
example, exempt, exert, exotic, exult, exhaust, exhibit, exhort, exhilarate, etc.
Some derivatives of such words often retain the sound with the x falling under the accent ; as in
ex'em-pla-ry, ex'emp-ti'tious.

§ 91. At the beginning of words, x has the sound of z ; as in xanthic, xebec, xylography.
It retains this sound in certain compounds, as in par a-xan'thin. met a-xy'lene, etc.

XX

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION.

§ 92. T, aa a consonant, is a palatal sonant ; as in year, you, young, beyond, vineyard,

halyard, etc. It is classed with w as a semivowel. In certain cases the sound is represented by
I ; as in poniard, onion, genial, familiar, etc. ; and in like manner by e, and it forms a part
of the vowel u (use). The place of articulation for this consonant extends farther back than the
place of constriction for the vowel e (eve), involving the soft palate, as the place for e does not.

Y, as a consonaut, occurs only at the beginning of a syllable ; at the end or in the middle, it is a
vowel, as in my, happy, eye. It is used in this Dictionary in giving the pronunciation of some
foreign words, as fiord, lorgnette, camarilla, etc. ; and, in such case, is not restricted to the
beginning of a syllable.

Z.

§ 93. The ordinary z is a sonant ; as in zeal, zone, maze, size, amazed, frozen, hazy,
dizzy, sizar, buzz, etc. ; the sound is often represented by s ; as in easy, his, ears, etc. ; some-
times by c ; as in suffice, etc. It is the correlative of the surd s.

§ 94. In some words, z takes a sound (zh) which is the sonant correlative of the surd sh ; as in
azure, seizure, grazier. The sound is represented by si in fusion, etc. ; by ti, exception-
ally, in transition (cf. insition) ; and by g in rouge, manege, mirage, and other words
from the French.

TABLE OF CONSONANT ELEMENTS.

Place of Articulation.

Oral.

Nasal.

Momentary.

Continuous.

Continuous.

Surd.

Sonant.

Surd.

Sonant.

Sonant.

Lips

P

b

f '

th(in)

s

gh

w

th(y)

z; r
zh; r

y;i

m
n

ng

Tongue and hard palate (forward)
Tongue and hard palate (back) . .
Tongue, hard palate, and soft palate
Tongue and soft palate ....
Various places

t
ch

It
h

d

J

g

ASSIMILATION OF SOUNDS.

When a surd and a sonant consonant come together in the same syllable, it is generally very diffi-
cult, in fluent pronunciation, to preserve each in its regular and appropriate sound. Hence it fre-
quently becomes necessary to change the character of the one or of the other, in order to make the
combination readily pronounceable. This is generally done, in English, by assimilating the sound of
the second consonant, whether surd or sonant, to that of the first. Thus, in chintz, the vocal
consonant z assumes the sound of its surd correspondent s, in order to unite with the surd t. On
the other hand, the s in winds is vocalized, or assumes the sound of z, for the sake of correspond-
ing with the sonant d. Sometimes, though rarely, the sound of the first consonant is assimilated to
that of the second, as in spasm (spaz'm), prism (priz'm).

This affinity between these two classes of consonants is an important fact, and one which needs to
be familiarly known. For there are four very common inflectional terminations which come under
its influence, namely: 1. Possessive forms in s, as maid's (maidz); 2. Plurals In s, as tubs
(tubz), groves (grovz) ; 3. S in the third person singular of verbs, as loads (loadz), smooths
(smoothz) ; 4. Preterits and participles in d preceded by e mute, as in dashed (dasht), ingulfed
(ingulft).

GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. xxi

DUPLICATION OF CONSONANTS.

In many words, a consonant is doubled between two vowels ; yet, in such cases, no more than one
articulation is used in speaking. In banner, for example, we close the organs but once between
the first and second syllables ; nor is it possible to use both of the letters 11 without pronouncing
ban, then intermitting the voice entirely, opening the organs, and closing them a second time.
Hence, in all cases, when the same consonant is written twice between vowels, as in banner, rob-
bing, madden, letter, horrid, one of them only is represented by an articulation of the
organs ; and the only reason for repeating the consonant is to indicate the fact that the preceding
vowel has its short sound.

But although only one articulation is ever used where a consonant is written twice, yet in some
words the articulation is dwelt upon for an appreciable space of time, producing an apparent dupli-
cation of the sound. This effect takes place in many derived words, in which the primitive ends ©i
begins with the same letter as that with which a superadded suffix and prefix of English origin re-
spectively begins or ends, as in soulless, foully, keenness, misstep, outtravel, imna t-
ural. The same effect takes place in most compound words, in which the second part begins
with the same sound as that with which the first part ends, aa in post-town, headdress,
half-filled.

ACCENT.

Accent is a particular stress or effort of voice upon certain syllables of words, which distinguishes
them from the others by a greater distinctness and loudness of pronunciation. Accent is of two
kinds, primary, as in in-tend', where the full force of the voice is on the last syllable, and second-
ary, as in su'per-in-tend', where the first syllable is distinguished by a stress greater than that
laid on the second and third syllables, though less than that laid on the last. In some words there
are two secondary or subordinate accents, as in in-com'pre-hen'si-bil'i-ty.

Note. — (1.) The general tendency of accent, whether primary or secondary, is to shorten all vow-
els but u, when further back than the penultimate syllable, as in ten'ement, nec'essariness,
an atom'ieal, person'ifica'tion, etc. (though we say lu'bricate, and not lub'ricate ;
tru'culency, and not truc'ulency ; su'perabun'dant, and not superabundant, etc.).
This tendency generally fails, if the first of the two following syllables ends, and the «econd begins,
with a vowel ; as in pe'ri-od, o/ri-en'tal, le-vi'a-than.

(2.) The primary and secondary accents are, in certain cases, so nearly equal that we interchange
them freely, " making," as Walker remarks, " the secondary accent principal and the principal sec-
ondary." Examples are ambuscade, cavalcade, caricature, etiquette, reverie, confi-
dante, governante, parachute, etc.

(3. ) Many in America give a marked secondary accent in certain words which properly have but
one accent, and that on a pre-antepenultimate syllable, as in ter'ri-to'ry, dif'fi-cul'ty, cir'-
cum-st&n'ces, in'ter-Sst'ing, etc. This droning fault may be corrected by giving the accented
syllable a sharp percussion, which carries the voice lightly through the rest of the word.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

PREFIXES.

A*. [E.] On; at; to; in; of; for; up; from;
— often with intensive force.

A-. [L.] A form of Ab-, Ad-.

A-. [Gr.] A form of An-.

All-. [L.] From ; away ; separation ; departure.

ADS-. [L.] A form of Ab-.

Ac-. [L.] A form of Ad-.

Ad-. [L.] To ; towards ; at ; near.

Af-, Ag-, A1-. [L.] Forms of Ad-.

A1-. [E.] AH ; wholly ; completely.

A1-. [Arab.] The (rendering nouns definite).

Amb-, Ambi-. [L.] About ; around ; on both
sides.

Amp hi-. [Gr.] About; on both or all sides;
double; surrounding. (Greek form of L.
Ambi-.)

An-. [L.] A form of Ad-.

An-. [Gr.] Not; without; privation or nega-
tion. (Greek form of L. In-, E. Un-.)

Ana-. [Gr.] Up; through; throughout; on;
again ; back ; backward ; previously.

Ant-. [Gr.] Against. A form of Anti-.

Ante-. [L.] Before ; fore ; in front.

Anti-. [Gr.] Against ; over against ; in opposi-
tion or hostility.

Ap-. [L.] A form of Ad-.

Ap-, Aph-. [Gr.] Forms of Apo-.

Apo-. [Gr.] Away ; apart ; asunder ; off ; from.

At-. [L.] A form of Ad-.

Arch-, Arcfli-. [Gr.] Chief ; head ; principal ;
ruling.

As-, At-. [L.] Forms of Ad-.

Auto-. [Gr.] Self ; of one's self.

Be-. [= E. by.] About; on; by; near; at;
nearness or closeness ; — often with an inten-
sive or a privative force.

Bi-, Bis-. [L.] Two; twice; doubly; in two
ways.

Cata-, Cat-, Oath-. [Gr.] Down; downward;

through ; completely ; according to.
Circum-. [L.] Around ; about ; surrounding.
OiS-. [L.] On this side of.
Co-, Col-. [L.] Forms of Com-.
Com-. [L.] With ; together; altogether; against.
Con-. [L."J A form of Com-.
Contra-. [L.] Against; in opposition; counter

to ; across.
Cor-. [L.] A form of Com-.
Counter-. [F.] Against ; opposite ; answering

to. (French form of L. Contra-.)

D6-. [L.] Down; from; away; — often with
negative force, sometimes intensive,
xxii

Deca-. [Gr.] Ten; tenfold.

Demi-. [F.] Semi-; half. (A form of Gr. Hemi-,

L. Semi-.)
Des-. [F.] Apart ; away ; not. (A form of F.

&L. Dis-.)
Di-. [Gr.] Double ; twice. (Form of Dis-,L.Bis-.)
Dia-. [Gr.] Through ; between ; across ; double.
Dif-. [L.] A form of Dis-.
Dis-. [L.] Apart ; asunder ; in two ; undoing ;

— often with negative force.
Dys-. [Gr.] Ill; bad; difficult; dangerous;

unlucky.

E-, EC-. [Gr. & L.] Forms of Ex-.

El-. [L.] A form of Ex-.

Em-, En-. [F.] In ; on. (French forms of L.
In-.)

En-. [Gr.] In ; into ; upon.

Enter-. [F.] Between ; among. (French form
of Inter-.)

Ep-, Eph-, Epi-. [Gr.] Upon ; to ; over ; after ;
above ; among ; near ; besides.

Es-. [L.] Out; away. (A form of Ex-.)

EU-, EV-. [Gr.] Well; easy; good; advanta-
geous.

Ex-. [Gr. &L.] Out; out of; from; off; pro-
ceeding from ; beyond.

Extra-. [L.] Beyond; outside, or in excess of ;
not limited by.

For-. [E.] Forth; away; out; without;
against ; utterly ; —used with intensive or neg-
ative force.

Fore-. [E.] Beforehand; in advance; progres-
sing in time or place.

Hemi-. [Gr.] Half. (Greek form of L. Semi-.)

Hetero-. [Gr.] Other; different.

Hepta-. [Gr.] Seven ; sevenfold.

Hexa-. [Gr.J Six; sixfold.

HolO-. [Gr.] Whole; complete; entire.

Homo-. [Gr.] Same ; similar ; like.

Hyper-. [Gr.] Over; beyond; too; — used to
denote excess.

Hypo-. [Gr.] Under ; beneath ; — used to de-
note diminution.

Ig-, I1-, Im-. [L.] Forms of In-.

In-. [E.] Within; into; among; — often used

to give emphasis.
In-. [L.] In ; into ; on ; upon.
In-. [L.J Not; contrary to; without. (Latin

form of Gr. An-, E. Un-.)
Inter-. [L.] Between; among.
Intro-. [L.] In; into; inwards; within.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

XXlll

IT-. LL.] A form of In-.
JllZta-. [L.] Near; nigh; close.

Mai-, Male-. [F. & L.] Badly ; ill.

Met-, Meta-. [Gr.] Among; beyond; after;
behind ; between ; over ; with ; reversely.

Mis-. [E.] Bad ; ill ; wrongly ; wrongful ; erro-
neous ; defective ; unlike.

MiS-. [F. & L.] Ill ; unfortunate.

Mon-, Mono-. [Gr.] Single ; only ; sole ; alone.

Mult-, Multi-. [L.] Many ; repeatedly.

N- [E.], Non- [L.] Not ; un-; in-.

Ob-. [L-] Against; in the way; in front; be-
fore ; to ; at ; toward ; reversed ; back.

OC-, Of-. [L.] Forms of Ob-.

Off-. [E.] From; away.

Omni-. [L.] All; entirely.

On-. [E.] Upon ; againot.

Op-. [L.] A form ot Ob-.

Out-. [E.] From; beyond; more; not within.

Over-. [E.] Above; beyond; in excess; too
great ; undue ; needless ; superfluous.

Pan-, Panto-. [Gr.] All ; entire.

Par-. [F.] Through.

Par-, Para-. [Gr.] Beside ; aside from ; against ;

beyond ; unlike ; amiss ; wrong ; contrary.
Pel-. [L.] A form of Per-.
Pen-. [L.] Almost; nearly.
Per-. [L.] Through ; throughout ; thoroughly ;

very ; to the utmost extent ; by ; — sometimes

with force of E. For-.
Peri-. [Gr.] With; around; about; near.
Pol-. [L.] A form of Por-.
Poly-. [Gr.] Repeated ; many.
Por-. [L.] Forth ; forthwith.
Post-. [L.] After ; behind ; later.
Pre-, Prae-. [L.] Before ; forward ; forth ; prior

in time, place, or rank.
Preter-. [L.] Past ; beyond ; above ; more than ;

besides.
Pro-. [L. & Gr.] Fore; before; forth; for-
ward ; in favor of ; in the place of.
Pros-. [Gr.] Towards ; at ; by ; beside ; forth ;

— noting connection and engagement.

Prot-, ProtO-. [Gr.] Original; first.

PseudO-. [Gr.] False; pretended; spurious;

counterfeit.
PUT-. [F.] Forward ; before. (A form of Pro-.)

Re-, Red-. [L.] Back; again.
Retro-. [L.] Back; backward.

Se-. [L.] Aside ; apart ; away ; without ; by it-
self. (A form of Sine-.)
Semi-. [L.] Half. (L. form of Gr. Hemi-, F.

Demi-. )
Sine-, Sim-, Sin-. [L.l Without ; lacking.
Step-. [E.] Having (a specified) relationship

through a parent's marriage.
Sub-. [L.] Under ; after ; beneath ; inferior ;

subordinate ; imperfect.
Subter-. [L.] Under; beneath. (A form o

Sub-.)
Sue-, Suf-, Sug-, Sum-, Sup-. Forms of Sub-.
Super-. [L.] Above ; over ; more ; in excess.

(A form of Gr. Hyper-, E. Over-.)
Supra-. [L.] Beyond; above; over.
Sur-. [F. & L.] Over; above; beyond; upon.
Sur-. Sus-. [L.] Forms of Sub-.
Syl-, Sym-. [Gr.] Forms of Stn-.
Syn-. [Gr.] With ; together with ; at the same

time.

To-. [E.] This ; on this ; the.

Tra-, Trans-. [L.] Over ; beyond ; through ;

across ; on the other side ; — often indicating

complete change.
Tri-. [L. & Gr.] Three ; thrice ; threefold.

Ultra-. [L.] Beyond ; on the other side ; in ex-
cess ; more than is common, natural, or proper.

Un-. [E.] Not ; privation ; undoing ; revers-
ing. (A form of Gr. An-, L. In-, not.)

Under-. [E.] Below ; beneath ; inferior. (A
form of In-, Inter-, An-.)

Uni-. [L.] One ; single.

Up-. [E.] Upwards ; over ; above. (A form of
Over-.)

Vice-. [L.] Instead of ; representing.

With-. [E.] Against ; back ; from ; away ; by.

SUFFIXES.

-able. [F. & L.] Capable of being ; that may

be ; causing.
-ac [Gr.] Of ; pertaining to ; one who.
-aceous. [L.] Having properties of; full of;

like.
-acious. [F. & L.] Characterized by ; showing ;

indicating.
-acy. [L.] State or quality of being ; office of.
-age. [F.] Collection of ; state of being ; act

of ; allowance for.
-al. [L.] Of ; pertaining to ; befitting ; becom-
ing ; act of.
-an, -ian. [L.] Pertaining to (office, profession,

character, etc.) ; one who.
-ana. [L.] Pertaining to (persons or places), —

used of collections of anecdotes, sayings, etc.
-ance, -ancy. [L.] Condition; state of being;

act of.
-aneous. [L.] Pertaining to.

-ant [L.] One who ; that which {= E. -ino.

See -ent).

-ar. [L.] Of ; pertaining to.

-ar. [E.] One who ; that which. (See -er.)

-arch (ark). [G.] A ruler ; a leader.

-ard, -art. [E. & F.] Of (such) a disposition or
character ; one who ; liable or addicted to ;
manifesting.

-ary. [L.] Of or pertaining to ; a doer of (some-
thing specified) ; place where.

-asm. [L.] A form of -ism.

-ast. [G.] A form of -ist.

-ate. [L.] Of (such) a nature, quality, effect,
office, etc. ; noting salts having as much as one
degree of oxygen ; having ; one who ; to make ;
to give ; to take.

-ble.
-ble.

[L.] A form of -ple (=r -fold).
[L.] A form of -arle, -ible.

XXIV

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

-cal. [L.] Of or pertaining to. (A form of

-AL.)

-cle, -CUle. [L.] Small ; diminutive ; little.

-cy. [F.] Condition ; state of being.

-d. [E.

?A form of -ed.
E.J State ; condition ; quality ; prop-
erty; jurisdiction.

-ean. [Gr.] Of or pertaining to ; resembling ;
like ; somewhat.

-ed, -d. [E.] Suffix of past tense and past par-
ticiples ; also of some adjectives and nouns.

-ee. [F.j Recipient of; one on or to whom
something is done.

-eer, -ier. [F. & L.] Engaged in ; employed at ;
one who.

-el, -le. [E.] Used for, — a diminutive form.

-en, -n. [E. J Made of ; pertaining to.

-en. [E.] Small, — a diminutive form.

-en. [E.] Two or more, — a plural form.

-en. [E.] To make or render, — a termination
of verbs.

-ence, -ency. [L.] Form of -ance, -ancy.

-ent. [L.] Having (such) a habit, property,
etc. ; one who.

-eons. [L.] Belonging to ; containing ; show-
ing.

-er, -yer. [E.] One who does ; agent ; inhabit-
ant of a (specified) place. (Teutonic form of
L. -OR.)

-er, -or. [E. & L.] More, — form of the com-
parative.

-erel. [F.] Small; unimportant, — a diminu-
tive form.

-erly. [E.] Going to ; coming from.

-ern. [E ] Toward.

-ery. [E. & F.] Place where something is
done ; agency ; art of ; collection.

-63, -8. LE-] Plural termination in all Aryan
languages.

-escence. [L.] State of becoming ; approach to ;
— usually with an incipient force.

-escent. [L.] Growing; becoming; gradually
progressing.

-ese. [It., fr. L.] Belonging to (such) a city
or country.

-esqne. [F., fr. L.] Like ; partaking of.

-ess. [F fr. L., & Gr.] Form distinguishing
feminine nouns from similar masculines ; -ix.

-BSt [E.] Most, — form of the superlative.

-et, -ette. [F.] Diminutive ending of nouns.

-Jul. [E.] Full of ; abounding in ; causing.
-Jy. [F., fr. L.] To make ; to render ; to be-
come.
-fold. [E.] Repeated (so many) times.

-geneous, -genous. [L. & Gr.] In respect of

kind ; by nature,
-gram, -graph. [Gr.] A writing on ; a writer of.
-grapny. [Gr.] A writing or describing; a

treatise.

-head, -hood. [E.] State ; condition ; quality ;
character; fixedness; totality.

. [L.] A form of -an.
>. [L.J A form of -able.

-lble. LJu.j ~x

-lc. [L. & Gr.] Of or pertaining to ; made of ;

one who.
-leal. [L.] A form of -ic.
-Ice. [L.] Act of ; quality of.

-lcs. [G.] The science or art of (the subject
specified in the stem word).

-id. [L.] Having a (specified) quality.

-id, -idae. [Gr.] Of the (specified) family or kind.

-ide. [Gr.] Compounded of a (specified) chem-
ical substance.

-ie, -y. [E.] Little, — diminutive suffix.

-ier. [F. & L.] A form of -eer.

-ile. [L.] Capable of being ; of ; pertaining to ;
apt to.

-ine. [F., fr. L.] Form distinguishing feminine
nouns from corresponding masculines.

-ine. [L.] Like; of; pertaining to.

-ing. [E.] The act of ; continuing.

-ing. [E.] Terminations of present participles
and of verbal nouns.

-ion. [L.] Act of; state of being, — termina-
tion of abstract nouns, — usually in -sion or

-TION.

-ique. [F.] Having; involving. (A form of
-ic, -ICAL.)

-ise, -ize. [Gr.] To make ; to act; to become ;
to give.

-ish. [E.] Pertaining to; somewhat; in some
degree.

-ish. [F., fr. L.] To make ; to cause.

-ism, -izm. [Gr.] Of (specified) tenets, doc-
trines, or principles ; state of being ; peculiar-
ity.

-1st. [Gr.] One who, — designating a person
from his occupation, principles, etc.

-ite. [L. & Gr.] One of; a follower of, or be-
liever in ; having.

-ite. [Gr.] A form of -lite, — in geological
terms.

-ite. [L.] Having ; like, — in chemical terms.

-itls. [Gr.] Inflammation of (the part specified).

-ity, -ty. tL0 State or quality of ; power to
effect.

-ive. [L.] Able to ; acting as ; given to ; used
or designed for ; -ing ; one who.

-ix. [L.] An agent, — feminine form of a mas-
culine -er or -OR.

-ize. [Gr.] To make ; to act ; to become,

-kin. [E.] Small, — a double diminutive.

-le. [E.] Used for, — a diminutive. (Form of

-EL.)

-le. [E.] A diminutive and frequentative suffix
of verbs.

-lence. [L.] Suffix to abstract nouns corre-
sponding to -lent in adjectives.

-lent [L.l Full of ; abounding ; affording.

-less. [E.J Without ; free from ; lacking ; des-
titute of ; deficient in.

-let. [F.] Used for ; little ; small, — a diminu-
tive. (A form of -el, -le.)

-ling. [E.| Condition; offspring; progeny,—
a diminutive form.

-ling, -long. [E.] In a (specified) condition or
direction, — suffix of adverbs.

-lite. [Gr.] Of or pertaining to stone, — in geo-
logical terms, etc.

-logy. [Gr.] Science of.

-ly. [E.] Like; in the manner of ; of a (speci-
fied) nature.

-ment. [F., fr. L.] Act, state, or condition of ;

that which.
-meter. [Gr.] A measure.
-mony. [L.] Action; faculty; state of being;

abstract condition.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

XXV

-most. [E.] In the highest degree, — form of
the superlative.

-nee, -ncy. [F., fr. L.] Act ; state ; condition,
-ness. [E.] State; condition; quality.

-OCk. [E.] Small ; young.

-Oid, -Oidal. [Gr.] Formed like ; resembling.

-on. [F., fr. L.] Act; process; result; condi-
tion.

-Or. [L.] One who does (something) ; an agent.
(Latin form of E. -kk.)

-Ory. [L.] Of or pertaining to ; for the purpose
of ; place where ; that which.

-Ose, -ous. [L.] Full of; abounding in; ad-
dicted to ; having.

-phorous. [Or.] Bearing ; having.

-pie. [L.] Repeated, — same force as -fold.

-red. [E.] Condition; state.
-ric [E ] Jurisdiction; district; office.
-ry. [F., fr. L.] Method; place; region; col-
lection ; art of.

-'s. [E.J Form of the possessive case, — not an

abbreviation of his.
•Scope. [Gr.] An instrument for observing,
-scopy. [Gr.] View; survey.
-Ship. [E.] State ; office ; dignity ; profession ;

art ; -head or -hood.
-Sion. [L.] State ; action. (Form of -ion,

-tion.)
•some. [E.] Having in a considerable degree or

quantity ; full of ; abounding in ; causing.
-Ster. [E.] One who ; employed at ; skilled in ;

addicted to.
•sy. [Gr.] Condition ; state of being.

-t, -th. [E.] Having; being; act; deed; — ter-
mination of abstract nouns.

-teen. [E.] Ten, — termination of numerals.

-ter, -ther. [E.] More, —form of the compar-
ative.

-th. [E.] Possession of, — termination of ab-
stract nouns.

-th. [E.] Having (such a) place or order, —
termination of ordinal numbers.

-ther. [E.] An agent.

-tion. [L.] State; action. (Form of -ion,
-sion. )

-tor. [L.] An agent. (Form of -theb.)

-toiy. [L.] Having ; manifesting ; affording.

-trix. [L.] An agent, — feminine form of

-TOR.

-tnde. [L.] Action ; state of being,
-tare. [L.] A form of -urb.
-ty- [F., fr. L.] The being or having a (speci-
fied) property or quality,
-ty. [E.] Ten times. (See -teen.)

-Ule. [L.] Little ; petty, — diminutive termi-
nation of nouns.

-nre. [L.] Action; being; thing produced ; ab-
stract condition.

-ward, -wards. [E.] In a (specified) direction ;

having a (certain) motion or tendency,
-way, -ways. [E.] In a (specified) manner,
-wise. [E.] In a (specified) manner, guise, or

direction.

-y. [Gr.] Condition ; state of being.

-y. [E.] Little. (Form of -ie.)

T> -ey- [E.] Having; showing; resembling;

somewhat.
-yte. [Gr.] One who is.

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN
CLASSES OF WORDS.

FOUNDED ON THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF DR. WEBSTER,
EXHIBITED IN THIS VOLUME.

AS

§ 1. The letters / and I, at the end of mono-
syllables, and standing immediately after single
vowels, are generally doubled ; as in staff, cliff,
doff, puff; all, bell, hill, toll, null. The words
clef, if, of, and sol, are exceptions.

§ 2. The letter s, at the end of a monosyllable,
and after a single vowel, is generally doubled, ex-
cept when used to form the possessive case or
pkiral of a noun, or third person singular of a
verb ; as in grass, press, hiss, moss, truss. The
only important exceptions are as, gas, has, was,
yes, his, is, thus, and us.

§ 3. Besides /, I, and s, the only consonants
doubled at the end of a word are b, d, g, m, n, p,
r, t, and z. Words in which these letters are
doubled are abb, ebb; add, odd, rudd; egg,
mumm (to mask) ; inn, bunn ; wapp ; gnarr,
parr, err, birr, shirr, skirr, burr, purr ; mitt,
butt ; fizz, fuzz, buzz.

§ 4. A consonant standing at the end of a
word immediately after a diphthong or double
vowel is never doubled. The words ail, peat,
haul, door, and maim, are examples.

§ 5. Monosyllables ending, as pronounced,
with the sound of k, and in which c follows the
vowel, have usually k added after the c; as in
black, knock, buck. The words lac, sac, talc,
zinc, ploc, roc, soc, arc, marc, ore, and fi.se, are
exceptions.

Words of more than one syllable, ending in ic
or iac, which formerly ended in k, also words de-
rived from the Latin or Greek languages, or from
other sources, or formed in an analogous manner,
are now written without the k; as, maniac, mu-
sic, public. The word derrick is an exception.
Words of more than one syllable, in which c is
preceded by other vowels than i or ia, commonly
end in ck ; as, arrack, barrack, hammock, hillock,
wedlock. The words almanac, sandarac, limbec,
xebec, manioc, and havoc, are exceptions.

§ 6. In derivatives formed from words ending
in c, by adding a termination beginning with e, i,
or y, the letter k is inserted after the c, in order
that the latter may not be inaccurately pro-
nounced like s before the following vowel : as,
colic, colicky; traffic, trafficked, trafficking, traf-
ficker; zinc, zincky.

§ 7. In derivatives formed by adding a termi-
nation beginning with a vowel to monosyllables
find words accented on the last syllable, when
these words end in a single consonant (except x)
preceded by a single vowel, that consonant is
doubled ; as, clan, clannish ; plan , planned, plan-
ning, planner ; hot, hotter, hottest; wit, witty ;

xxvi

cabal', cabal'ler ; abet', abel'ted, abet'ting, abetr~
tor; infer', inferred', infer'ring.

The derivatives of the word gas (except gassed,
gassing, and gassy) are written with but one s;
as, gaseous, gaseity, gasify. Excellence, as being
from the Latin excellens, retains the double I,
though one I has been dropped from the termina-
tion of excel'. It is no exception to this rule
that chancellor, and the derivatives of metal and
crystal, as metalloid, metallurgy, crystalline,
crystallize, and the like, are written with the I
doubled, since they are derived respectively from
the Latin cancellarius (through the French), and
metallum, and the Greek KpvcrTaAAos. So also
the word tranquillity retains the double I as being
from the Latin tranguillitas, while the English
derivatives of tranquil, though often written with
two Ps, are more properly written with only one,
as tranquilize, tranquilizer, and the like.

§ 8. When a diphthong, or a digraph repre-
senting a vowel sound, precedes the final conso-
nant of a word, or the accent of a word ending in
a single consonant falls on any other syllable than
the last, or when the word ends in two different
consonants, the final consonant is not double* in
derivatives formed by the addition of a termina-
tion beginning with a vowel : as, daub, daubed,
dauber; need, needy ; rev'el, rev'eled, rev'eling ;
trav'el, trav'eling, trav'eler; profit, profited;
stand, standing.

The final consonant is doubled in the deriva-
tives of a few words ending in g, in order to
diminish the liability to its being pronounced like
j, before e or i : as, humbug, humbugged, hum-
bugging ; periwig, periwigged. The word woolen
is more generally thus written, in the United
States, with one I ; but in England it is written
woollen.

Note.— There is a large class of words ending
in a single consonant, and accented on some other
syllable than the last, the final consonants of
which are, by very many writers and lexicogra-
phers, doubled in their derivatives, unnecessarily
and contrarily to analogy. These words are
chiefly those ending in 1, with also a few of other
terminations. The following list, the words in
which are chiefly verbs, includes the most im-
portant of those in regard to which usage varies :
namely, apparel, barrel, bevel, bias, bowel, and its
compounds, cancel, carburet, and all similar words
ending in urct, cavil, enrol, channel, chisel, com-
promtt, counsel, cudael, dial, dishevel, dowel,
dried, duel, empanel, enamel, equal, funnel, <jam-
l)ol, gravel, grovel, handsel, hatchet, imperil, jew-
el, kennel, kid?urp, label, laurel, level, libel, mar-
shal, marvel, medal, rnelal, model, panel, parallel.

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS. xxvii

parcel, pencil, peril, pistol, pommel, quarrel, rav-
el, revel, rival, rowel, shovel, shrivel, snivel, tas-
sel, tinsel, trammel, travel, tunnel, unravel, vial,
victual, worship. In this Dictionary, the deriva-
tives of these words are made to conform to the
rule,as recommended by Walker, Lowth, Perry,
and other eminent scholars.

§ 9. Derivatives formed from words ending in
a double consonant, by adding one or more sylla-
bles, commonly retain both consonants : as, ebb,
ebbing; odd, oddly ; stiff, stiffness ; fell, Sellable ;
skill, skillful, skillfulness ; will, willful, willful-
ness ; dull, dullness ; full, fullness. So also the
double I is retained in the words installment, in-
thr ailment, thralldom, and enrollment (from in-
stall, inthrall, thrall, and enroll), in order to pre-
vent the false pronunciation they might receive if
spelled with one I. Many writers and lexicogra-
phers, especially in England, omit one I in these
words, as also in the derivatives of skill, will,
dull, and full, formed by adding the syllables ly
and ness.

The derivatives of pontiff are exceptions to the
rule, being written with only one // as, pontific,
pontifical, pontificial, and the like. One I also is
dropped in a few words formed by adding the
termination ly to words ending in 11, in order to
prevent the concurrence of three Vs : as, ill, illy ;
dull, dully ; full, fully.

§ 10. In derivatives formed from words end-
ing with silent e, the e is generally retained when
the termination begins with a consonant : a&,pale,
paleness ; hate, hateful ; move, movement. When,
however, the e is immediately preceded by an-
other vowel (except e), it is often dropped from
the derivative: as, due, duly; awe, awful; and
derivatives and compounds of these words.

The words wholly, nursling, wisdom, abridg-
ment, acknowledgment, lodgment, judgment, and
the compounds of some of these, are exceptions.
The last four, however, are written, by many
authors, abridgement, acknowledgement, lodge-
ment, judgement.

§ 11. In derivatives formed from words end-
ing with silent e, when the termination begins
with a vowel, the e is generally omitted, except
in the cases mentioned in the next paragraph : as,
bride, bridal; use, usage; come, coming ; shape,
shaping; move, movable; fleece, fleecy ; force,
forcible.

The e is retained in the words hoeing, shoeing,
and toeing (from hoe, shoe, and toe), in order to
prevent doubt as to the pronunciation. It is re-
tained, also, in the words dyeing, singeing,
springeing, swingeing, tingeing (from dye, singe,
springe, swinge, tinge), to distinguish them from
dying, singing, springing, swinging, tinging
(from die, sing, spring, swing, ting). The word
mileage, as commonly written, does not omit the
e, though it is sometimes, and more correctly,
spelled milage. The words lineage, lineal, and
pineal, though apparently exceptions, are not
really such, since they are derived not directly
from line and pine, but from the Latin linea
(through the French), linealis, and pinea. The
e, standing, in a derivative, before a termination
beginning with a or o, and immediately after c or
g, is retained in order to preserve the soft sounds
of these consonants : as, peace, peaceable ; notice,
noticeable ; manage, manageable ; change, change-
able ; advantage, advantageous : outrage, outrage-
ous . mortgage, mortgageor. The latter word is
sometimes very improperly written mortgagor,
and pronounced mor'ga-jor.

§ 12. In derivatives formed from words end-
ing in ie, by adding the termination ing, the e is
dropped, and the i changed to y, in order to pre-
vent two Vs from coming together : as, die, dying ;
vie, vying.

§ 13. In derivatives of words ending in y pre-
ceded by a consonant, and formed by appending
any termination except one beginning with i, the
y is usually changed into i : as, icy, iciest, icily ;
mercy, merciless; foggy, fogginess ; pity, pitiful.
The derivatives of adjectives of one syllable
ending in y preceded by a consonant, are excep-
tions, and usually retain the y : as, shy, shyness.
But the adjectives drier and driest, from dry, are
commonly written with i instead of y. Deriva-
tives formed by adding the termination ship, as
secretaryship, suretyship, ladyship, and the like,
also retain the y. The words babyhood and lady-
kin are likewise exceptions. The y is also re-
tained in the possessive case singular of nouns,
when formed by adding s with the apostrophe :
as, country'' s, everybody's.

§ 14. Derivatives formed by affixing a termi-
nation to words ending in y preceded by a vowel,
generally retain the y unchanged : as, gay, gay-
ety, gayly ; obey, obeying; joy, joyful; gluey,
glueyness.

The words daily, laid, paid, said, saith, slain,
and staid (from day, lay, pay, say, slay, and stay),
with their compounds, are exceptions. Staid,
however, is sometimes written stayed. Deriva-
tives from words ending in uy, as colloquies, from
colloquy, are not exceptions to the rule, as u, in
such cases, is not strictly a vowel, but stands for
the consonant w.

§ 15. Derivatives formed by appending a syl-
lable beginning with a vowel to words ending with
a vowel sound, generally retain the letter or let-
ters representing such sound : as, huzza, huz-
zaed; agree, agreeable, agreeing ; weigh, weigh-
ing; bow, bowed; beau, beauish.

Derivatives of words of this class ending in
silent e, as also those formed from words ending
in double e by adding a termination beginning
with e, drop the finale.- as, hoe, hoed; agree,
agreed. The cases mentioned in sections li, 12,
and 13 are also exceptions.

§ 16. Derivatives formed by prefixing one or
more syllables to words ending in a double con-
sonant commonly retain both consonants : as, re-
buff, befall, inthrall, foretell, fulfill, emboss (from
buff, fall, thrall, tell, fill, boss).

The word until is an exception, being always
written with one I. Those words of this class
which end in 11 are written by some authors, es-
pecially in England, with one I : as, befal, in-
thral, foretel, fulfil, enrol. The words distill and
instill should be written with the I doubled,
though they are often written distil and instil,
with only one I.

§ 17. Compound words formed by joining
two or more words commonly retain all the let-
ters of the simple words : as, stiff-necked, wide-
mouthed.

There are numerous exceptions to this rule,
many of them compounds which by long use have
acquired the force of single words. They are the
following : namely, some compounds of all and
u-rll ; as, almighty, almost, alone, already, also,
although, altogether, always, withal, therewithal,
wherewithal, welcome, welfare ; — compounds of
mass ; as, Christmas, Michaelmas, etc. ; — words
of which the second part is the adjective full ; as,

xxvm RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS.

artful, woeful ; — also, the words chilblain, ful-
fill, namesake, neckerchief, numskull, pastime,
standish, and wherever.

§ 18. The plural of nouns regularly ends in s,
or, in certain classes of words, in es.

When the noun in the singular ends with such
a sound that the sound of s can unite with it
and be pronounced without forming a separate
syllable, s only is added in forming the plural :
as, sea, seas; woe, woes; canto, cantos; claw,
claws; chief, chiefs; path, paths; gem, gems;
act, acts. A few plurals from nouns ending in o
preceded by a consonant, end in es: as, eclw,
echoes ; cargo, cargoes ; potato, potatoes. Other
nouns of this class generally form their plurals
regularly, though usage differs with regard to
some of them. Those in which final o is preceded
by a vowel form their plurals regularly. The
plural of alkali is written alkalis or alkalies; that
of rabbi, either rabbis or rabbies. With regard
to other nouns ending in i usage differs, though
they are more properly written with the termi-
nation is.

When the noun in the singular ends with such
a sound (as that of ch, sh, j, s, x, or z) that the
sound of s can not unite with it in pronunciation,
but must form a separate syllable, e is inserted
before * in forming the plural, unless the word
ends with silent e, in which case the latter serves
to form a separate syllable with s : as, church,
churches; age, ages; lace, laces; gas, gases;
maze, mazes.

To express the plural of a letter, figure, or any
character or sign, or of a word mentioned with-
out regard to its meaning, the letter s, generally
preceded by the apostrophe, is appended, as in
the phrases, "The two Ps in all;" "The two
0's in 400 ; " " The why's and wherefore's of the
question."

§ 19. Nouns ending in y preceded by a conso-
nant form their plural by adding es and changing
y into i : as, mercy, mercies ; sky, skies ; pity,
pities. This rule includes words ending in quy,
in which u, being pronounced like w, is strictly a
consonant : as, colloquy, colloquies. The plural
of proper nouns ending in y preceded by a conso-
nant, is formed by changing y into ies, according
to the rule: as, "The three Maries.'" Many
writers, however, form the plural of such words
by simply adding s: as, "The three Marys."

When the singular of a noun ends in y preceded
by a vowel (except u having the power of w), the
plural is regularly formed by adding s only : as,
day, days; key, keys ; money, moneys; attorney,
attorneys; alloy, alloys; guy, guys. Some plu-
rals of the latter class are often inaccurately writ-
ten with the termination ies : as, monies, attor-
nies, and the like.

§ 20. The plurals of a few nouns ending in /
orfe are irregularly formed by changing / or fe
into ves. The following words, with their com-
pounds, are the principal examples : namely, life,
lives ; knife, knives ; wife, wives ; leaf, leaves ;
shen f, sheaves; loaf, loaves; beef, beeves; thief,
thieves; calf, calves; half, halves; elf, elves;
shelf, shelves; self, selves; wolf, wolves. The
plural of staff is sometimes written staffs, but
more commonly staves, except when it means a
corps of officers, either military or civil, in which
sense it is always written staffs. The plural of
wharf is generally written wharfs in England ; in
the United States it is more commonly, but im-
properly written wharves, as it is also by some

recent English writers. The plurals of hoof and
turf, formerly written hooves and turves, are now
written hoofs and turfs. The plurals of other
nouns ending in/,/e, or^", are formed regularly
by the addition of s only.

§ 21. In the following nouns, the plural is
distinguished from the singular only by a change
of the vowel or vowel sound of the word : namely,
man, men; woman, women; goose, geese; foot,
feet; tooth, teeth; brother, brethren ; louse, lice;
mouse, mice. Words which end in the syllable
man, and are not compounds, form their plurals
regularly, by adding s only : as, cayman, cay~
mans ; desman, desmans ; firman, firmans ; tal-
isman, talismans; German, Germans; Mussul-
man, Mussulmans.

§ 22. A few plurals end in en: namely, broth-
er, brethren ; child, children ; ox, oxen. To these
may be added the obsolete forms eyne, kine,
shoon, hosen, housen (from eye, cow, shoe, hose,
house), the first three of which, though they have
received a slightly different form, end, as pro-
nounced, with the sound of n.

§ 23. The words brother, die, pea, and penny,
have each two plurals of different forms and with
different significations: as, brothers, male chil-
dren of the same parent, also, members of the
same society, association, class, or profession;
brethren, members of the same religious or eccle-
siastical body, the word. in this form being rarely
used except in religious writings, or in scriptural
language, where it also has the same meaning
that brothers has in ordinary language ; dies, im-
plements for making impressions by stamping, or
for making screws, also the cubical parts of ped-
estals ; dice, the cubical blocks used in games of
chance ; peas, seeds of the pea plant, when a defi-
nite number is mentioned ; pease, the same in
bulk, or spoken of collectively ; pennies, the coins,
especially when a definite number is mentioned ;
pence, the amount reckoned by these coins.

§ 24. A few words, mostly names of animals,
have the same form in the plural as in the singu-
lar : as, deer, sheep, trout, and the like.

§ 25. Many words adopted from foreign lan-
guages retain their original plurals : as, datum,
data ; criterion, criteria ; genus, genera ; larva,
larvae ; crisis, crises ; matrix, matrices ; focus,
foci ; monsieur, messieurs.

Many words of this class, while retaining the
original plurals, have also a second, formed after
the analogy of English words of similar termina-
tion : as, formula, formulae, or formulas ; beau,
beaux, or beaus ; index, indices, or indexes ; stra-
tum, strata, or stratums ; bandit, banditti, or ban-
dits ; cherub, cherubim, or cherubs; seraph, ser-
aphim, or seraphs. The plurals of the last two
words are sometimes incorrectly written cher-
ubims and seraphims, with double plural termina-
tions, from ignorance or forgetfulness of the fact
that, in Hebrew words, im is a plural ending.

§ 26. In certain loose compounds consisting
of a noun followed by aD adjective or other qual-
ifying expression, the plural is commonly formed
by making the same change in the noun as when
it stands alone : as, court-martial, courts-mar-
tial ; cousin - german, cousins - german ; son - in -
law, sons-in-law. When, however, the adjective
is so closely joined to the noun that the compound
has the force of a simple word, the plural of the
compound is commonly formed like that of any
other word of the same termination : as, cupful^
cupfuls; handful, handfuls.

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS. xxix

§ 27. There are many words, besides those
mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, in respect
to which usage, even that of the best authors, is
variable. The most important of these words are
mentioned in this and the succeeding sections.

The derivatives of the word villain, as villain-
ous, villainy, etc., though often written villanous,
villany, etc., properly retain the i, like those of
other words similarly ending in ain: as, moun-\
tainous, from mountain ; captaincy, from cap-
tain.

The words connection, deflection, inflection, and
reflection follow the spelling of the words con- '
necl, deflect, inflect, and reflect, though often
written, especially in England, connexion, deflex- j
ion, inflexion, and reflexion.

The word woe, though often written without |
the final e, should retain it, like most other nouns
of one syllable and of similar form : as, doe, foe,
hoe, toe, and the like. Monosyllables other than
nouns, and words of more than one syllable, hav-
ing a similar termination, omit the e; as, do, go,
no, so, canto, motto, potato.

The words defense, expense, offense, and pre-
tense are properly written thus, though often
spelled with c instead of s, for the s belongs to
the words from which they are derived, and is
also used in all their derivatives.

The words drought and height were formerly
written drouth and hight, and are still very often
thus written in America.

The verb practice is thus written like the noun,
in preference to the form practise, though the
latter spelling is used by many writers, especially
in England. The difference in spelling between
the noun and the verb is properly observed, in
words of this kind, only in such as are accented
on the last syllable, as device, devise.

Derivatives of the Greek eSpa (seat, base, side ;
pronounced hed'ra), as polyhedron, tetrahedron,
octahedral, and the like, are properly thus writ-
ten with h before the e of the termination, but
are sometimes written polyedron, lelraedron, oc-
taedral, etc., without the h.

§ 28. There is a class of words beginning with
en or in, as enclose or inclose, enquire or inquire,
ensure or insure, and the like, many of which
take either form of the prefix indifferently. They
are chiefly derived from the Latin, either di-
rectly or through the French, the prefix in be-
longing to the former language, and en to the lat-
ter. In some of these words, en is to be pre-
ferred ; in others, in ; in many of them, either
may be used indifferently.

§ 29. There is a class of words ending in er,
some of which are written by many authors with
the termination re; as, center, meter, theater,
etc., which are often written cntre, metre, the-
atre, etc. Acre, chancre, lucre, nacre, massacre,
and ogre, retain the termination re, in order to
preserve the hard sound of the c and g.

§ 30. There are two classes of chemical words
ending respectively, as more commonly written,
in ide and ine, in regard to which usage has been
variable. Most of them were formerly written
without the final e , but it is now the almost uni-

versal practice to retain it : as, bromide, iodide,
chlorine, fluorine, etc. The word tannin is al-
ways written without the final e. Oxide is now
generally written with the termination ide,
though formerly by many written oxyd, from the
supposition that the y of the last syllable repre-
sented the v of the Greek 6£v?, from which the
word is derived ; whereas the last syllable is sim-
ply the same as the termination of the words
bromide, sulphide, and the like.

§ 31. There is aclassof words ending, r.s pro-
nounced, with the sound of long i, followed by z,
some of which are differently written, by differ-
ent authors, with either ise or ize to represent this
sound : as, criticize or criticise ; patronize or pa-
tronise. These words are mostly verbs, and are
chiefly derived from Greek words ending in i<Jiw,
or from French words ending in xser or ise.
Those formed from Greek words have the termi-
nation ize ; as, anathematize, characterize, drama-
tize, tantalize. The words catechise aijd exorcise
are exceptions. Those formed in an analogous
manner from English words are likewise written
with ize : as, albumenize, memorize, sensitize.
Those derived from the French verb prendre (par-
ticiple pris or prise) end in ise : as, apprise, com-
prise, emprise, enterprise, surprise. Of those
formed from French words other than prendre,
or which have corresponding forms in the French,
a majority end in ize, though in respect to some
of them usage is variable : as, civilize, satirize.
The following are the principal English verbs end-
ing in ise : namely, advertise, advise, affranchise,
apprise, catechise, chastise , circumcise , comprise,
compromise, criticise, demise, despise, devise,
disenfranchise, disfranchise, disguise, divertise,
emprise, enfranchise, enterprise, exercise, exor-
cise, franchise, manumise, misprise, premise,
reprise, revise, supervise, surmise, surprise. It
may be remarked that most of those in respect
to which usage varies are more frequently writ-
ten in England with the termination ise, and in
the United States with the termination ize.

§ 32. The words mold and molt, and their
compounds and derivatives, are written in this
Dictionary with o instead of ou, in analogy with
the words bold, bolt, colt, gold, etc., from which
thew has been dropped. Many authors, however,
write these words mould and moult, and their de-
rivatives in like manner.

§ 33. There is a numerous class of words al-
most universally written, in the United States,
with the termination or, many of which are writ-
ten, in England, with the termination our: as,
candor, honor, labor, vigor. English usage, how-
ever, is not uniform with respect to these words,
many being written with or in English books.

§ 34. There is a small class of words ending
with the syllable ped (from Lat. pes, pedis, foot),
the termination of some of which was formerly,
and is still frequently, written pede : as, biped,
centiped, milliped, quadruped, soliped, etc. The
words l/iped and quadruped are universally writ-
ten without the final e, and the others, according
to the best usage, should be written in the same
manner.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.

a. stands for . adjective.
adv adverb.

C. .

colloq.

comp.

conj.

contr.

E.

e.g.

esp. .

F. .
J., fern,
Fahr.
Jr. .

Centigrade,
colloquial,
comparative,
conjunction,
contracted, con-
traction.

English.
exempli gratia
(for example),
especially.

. French.

. feminine.

. Fahrenheit.

. from.

G German.

gen genitive.

Gr Greek.

i. e id est (that is).

imp. . . . imperfect.

ind. . . .
inf. . . .
interj. . .
It. ...

. indicative.
. infinitive.
. interjection
. Italian.

L. . . .

. Latin.

w., masc. .

. masculine.

n. ...

neut. . .

. noun.
. neuter.

obs.

obsolete.

p participle.

p. a. ... participial ad-
jective.
pass. . . . passive.

pers,
pi.
p.p.
p. pi

prep
pret.
pron

R.

sing.

subj.
superl.

U.S.

v. t.

person,
plural.

participle past,
participle pres-
ent,
preposition,
preterit,
pronoun.

Rare.

singular.
Spanish,
subjunctive,
superlative.

United States.

verb.

verb intransi-
tive.
v. t verb transitive.

*#* In the vocabulary, words from foreign languages, both ancient and modern, which have not
become anglicized, are printed with two bars before them ; as, I! A'qua, jBaga-telle', llFor'te.

*#* Words which are to be written or printed with a hyphen between their components have this
hyphen indicated by a mark longer and heavier than the short light hyphen used to indicate the
division between unaccented syllables ; as, Ald'-de-camp', Bird's'-eye . Chicken-heart ed.

DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

A (a). The indefinite article, contracted from an,
used before nouns singular beginning with a
consonant sound ; any ; every ; one.

Aback/ (a-b5k'), adv. Backward ; by surprise ;
unexpectedly.

Ab/a-cus (aVa-kus), n.
A counting frame ;
the uppermost mem-
ber of a pillar.

A -'baft' (a-baff), adv. Abacus.

& prep. Toward the stern ; astern.

A-bail'dOll (a-b$n'diin), v. t. To give up wholly ;
to forsake. — A-ban'doned (-dund), a. Given
up to vice ; corrupt ; wicked. — A-bau'don-ei",
n. — A-ban'don-ment, n. Entire desertion ; re-
linquishment.

Abase' (a-bas'), v. t. To bring low ; to degrade ;
to humble. — A-base'ment, n.

A-bash' (a-b2sh'), v. t. To make ashamed ; to
shame ; to confuse. — A-bash'ment, n.

A-bate' (a-baf), v. t. To diminish ; to lessen.—
v. i. To decrease ; to become less. — A-bat'-
a-ble, a. Capable of being abated. — A-bate'-
ment, n. An abating ; decrease ; deduction.

Ab'a-tis, Ab'at-tis (E. 5b'a-tTs; F. a'ba'te'), n.
Branches of trees turned outwards as a barrier.

A'bat'toir' (^bat/twar'), n. Slaughterhouse.

AVba' (Xb'ba/), n. Father ; a religious superior.

Ab/ba-cy (aVba-s^), n. Condition, rights, or priv-
ileges of an abbot. — Ab-ba'tial (-ba'shal), a.
Pertaining to an abbey.

Ab'be7 (ab'ba'), n. [F.] An ecclesiastic devoted
to teaching, literature, etc.

Ab'bess (ab'bes), n. Governess of a nunnery.

Ab'bey (aVb^), n. ; pi. Abbeys (-biz). Monastery
or convent.

Ab'bot (Sb'but), n. Head of a society of monks ;
superior of an abbey. — Ab'bot-ship, n. Office
of an abbot.

Ab-bre'vl-ate (aVbre'vT-at), V. t. To shorten ; to
abridge ; to condense. — Ab-bre'vi-a'tion (-a'-
shun), n. A shortening; contraction. — Ab-
bre'vl-a'tOT (-a'ter), n. One who shortens. —
Ab-bre'vi-a-tO-ry (-a-to-r^), a. Abbreviating.

Ab'dl-cant (5b'dY-krtnt), n. One who abdicates.

Ab'di-cate (Xb'dT-kat), v. t. To relinquish ; to
give up. — v. i. To give up an office. — Ab'di-
ca'tlon (-ka'shun), n. Abandonment of office.

ABNORMAL

Ab-do'men (Sb-do'me'n), n. Belly. — Ab-dom'i-
nal (-dom'T-n«l), a. Pertaining to thejibdointn.

Ab-duce' (£b-dus'), v. t. [Abduced (-dust') ; Ab-
ducingJ To draw away. — Ab-duct' (-dukf),
v. t. To take away by force. — Ab - due ' Uon
(-duk'shun), n. An abducing or abducting.

A-beam/ (a-bem'), adv. On the beam ; in a line
at right angles to the ship's length.

A'be-ce-da'ri-an (a'be-se-da'rT-an), n. A teacher
or a learner of the a, b, c, or alphabet.

A-bed' (a-bed'), adv. In bed, or on the bed.

Ab'er-ra'tion (aVSr-ra'ahun), ». A wandering
from the right way.

A-bet' (a-bSf), v. t. [Abetted ; Abetting.] To
encourage; to instigate; to incite. — A-bet'-
ment, n. An abetting ; support. — A-bet'ter,
-tor (-ter), n. Instigator ; accessory.

A-bey'ance (a-ba'ans), n. State of suspense.

Ab-hor' (ab-h6r'), v. t. [Abhorred (-h6rd') ; Ab-
horring.] To regard with horror; to loathe;
to detest Ab-hor'rence (-hoVmis), v. De-
testation ; great hatred. — Ab-hor'rent (-hor'-
rent), a. Abhorring ; repugnant : inconsistent.

A-bide' (a-bid'), v. i. [Abode (-bo<V) ; Abiding.]
To continue in a place; to dwell, —v. t. To
await ; to endure ; to bear.

Ab'i-gail (5b'T-gal), n. A lady's waiting-maid.

A-btl'I-ty (a-bll'T-ty), n. Power ; skill ; pi. men-
tal powers.

Ab'ject (aT/jSkt), a. Mean ; base ; despicable. —
n. One in a miserable state. — Ab-Jec'tion
(- jSk'shun). n. Baseness; low state. — Ab-
jectly (ab'jSkt-l?), adv. — Ab'ject-ness. «.

Ab'JU-ra'tlon (aVju-ra'slmn). n. An abjurine.

Ab-jU'ra-tO-ry (-ju'ra-to-rjf), a. Containing or re-
lating to abjuration.

Ab-jure' (5b-jur'), v, t. To renounce on oath : to
disclaim solemnly ; to recant. — Ab-Jur'er. n.

Ab'la-tive (aVla-tiv), a. Taking awiy or remov-
ing; — applied to the sixth case of Latin nouns.

A-blaze' (a-blaz'), adv. On fire ; highly excited.

A'ble (a'b'l), a. Having power ; strong ; capable.

— A'bly C-bl3f), adv.

Ab-lu'tion (Xb-lu'shun), n. A washing ; cleansing

or purification.
Ab'ne-gate (Xb'ne-gat), v. t. To deny and reject,

— Ab'ne-ga'tion. n. Renunciation.
Ab-nor'mal (Xb-n6r'mal), a. Contrary to rule,

a, e, I o, u, long; a, e\ 1, 5, ix, y, short;^enate, ^vent, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,
f5rn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ABNORMALLY

law, or system ; irregular. — Ab - HOI ' mal - ly,
adv. — Ab-nor'mi-ty (-mY-ty), re.
A-board' (a-bord'), adv. In a vessel ; on board.

— prep. On board of.

A-bode7 (a-boJ'), imp. & p. p. of Abide, v. i. & I.

— n. State or place of residence ; dwelling.
A-bol'ish (a-b51'Ysh), v. t. To do away with ut-
terly ; to annul ; to destroy. — A-bol'ish-a-ble,
a. — A-bol'ish-ment, n. An abolishing.

Ab'O-li'tion (aV6-IYsh'un), re. Doing away with
finally and forever ; — applied particularly to
slavery. — Ab 0-li'tion-ist, re. One who favors
abolition, esp. of slaver}'.

A-bom'i-na-ble (a-bom'Y-na-b'l), a. Worthy of ab-
horrence; odious; hateful; shocking. — A-bom'-
i-na-bly (-bly), adv.

A-bom'i-nate (a-bom'Y-nat}, v. t. To hate intense-
ly ; to abhor. — A-bom'1-na'tion (-na'shun), n.
Aversion or loathing; object of hatred and dis-
gust.

Ab'O-rig'i-nal (aVo-rYj'Y-nfl]), a. First, original,
or primitive. — re. A first inhabitant. — Ab'O-
rig'i-nes (-Y-nez), n. pi. Original inhabitants of
a country.

A-bor'tion (a-b6r'shiln), re. A miscarriage ; thing
which fails to come to maturity.

A-bor'tive (a-b6r'tYv), a. Unsuccessful ; prema-
ture. — A-bor'tive'ly, adv. — A-bor'tive-ness. re.

A-bound' (a-bound'), v. i. To be or to possess in
abundance.

A -bout' (a -bout'), prep. On every side of;
through or over; near ; ready to ; touching. —
adv. On all sides ; around ; nearly ; in an op-
posite direction ; circularly.

A-bove/ (a-buv'), prep. Higher than; more
than. — adv. Overhead; in a higher place. —
A-bove^board' (-b6rd'), adv. Above the board
or table ; not concealed ; without deception.

Ab-rade7 (5b-rad'), v. t. To rub or wear off. —
Ab-ra'Sion (-ra'zhun), re. A scraping off.

A-breast' (a-brgsf), adv. Side by side ; on a line.

A-bridge' (a-brYj'), v. t. To make shorter ; to cut
off ; to lessen. — A-bridg'ment, re. A shorten-
ing ; contraction ; work abridged or epitomized ;
epitome ; abstract ; synopsis.

A-broach' (a-broch'), adv. In a condition to let
out linuor, or to be diffused or propagated.

A-broad' (a-brad'), adv. At large ; out of doors ;
out of a country ; extensively ; astray.

Ab'ro-gate (£b'r5-rat), v. t. To annul ; to abolish ;
to repeal. — Al^ro-ga'tion, re. An abrogating.

Ab-TOpt/ (iCb-rQpt'), a. Broken ; steep ; sudden ;
unceremonious. — Ab-rupt'ly, adv. — Ab-rupt'-
ness, re. — Ab-rup'tion (-rfip'shun), re. Violent
separation of bodies.

Ab'scess (aVses), re. A tumor filled with pus or
purulent matter.

Abscind' (Xb-sYnd'), v. t. To cut off. — Ab-scls'-
Sion (-sY'h'Qn), re. A cutting off.

Ab-SCOnd' (Xb-skond'), v. i. To secrete one's self •
to steal away. — Ab-scord'er, re.

Ab'sence (Xb'sens), re. State of being absent ;
destitution ; heedlessnpss.

Ab'sent (Sb'sgnt), a. Not present in ; inatten-
tive ; heedless. — AVsent-ly, adv. — Ab-sent'
(5b-sgnt')., v. t. To keep away. — Ab/SOn-tee'
(-sgn-te'), Ab-sent'er (Xb-sgnt'e'r), re. One who
absents himself ; a. non-resident.

AVso-lute (Sb'sS-lut), a. Unlimited ; certain ;
peremptory ; despotic. — Ab ' SO - lute - ly, adv.
Positively ; arbitrarily. — Ab'so-lute-ness, n. —

. ACADEMICAL

Ab'SO-lu'tism (-tiz'm), re. Absolute govern-
ment or its principles ; despotism.

Ab'SO-lu'tion (aVso-lu'shun), re. An absolving.

Ab-SOl'u-tO-ry (ab-sol'u-to-ry), a. Absolving.

Ab-SOlve' (ab-solv'), v. t. To set free from ; to
pardon ; to acquit.

Ab-SOrb' (ab-s6rb'), v. t. To drink in ; to suck
up ; to swallow up ; to engross wholly. — Ab-
sorb 'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being ab-
sorbed. — Absorb a-bil'i-ty (-a-bYl'Y-ty), «. —
Ab - sorb ' out, a. Sucking up ; imbibing. — re.
Substance or bodily organ which absorbs.

Ab-sorp'tion (5b-s6rpM.un), re. An absorbing.

— Ab-sorp'tive (-s6rp'tYv), a. Able to absorb.

— Ab'sorp-tiv'i-ty (-tYv'Y-ty), re.
Ab-stain' (Sb-stan'), v. i. To iorbcar ; to refrain.
Ao-ste'mi-OUS (ab-ste mY-u- ), a. Sparing in diet ;

temperate ; abstinent. — Ab-Ste'Hii-OUS-ly, adv.

— Ab-ste'mi-ous-ness, re.

Absterge7 (Sb-sterj'), v. t. [Absterged (-sterjd') ;
Absterging.] To clean by wiping ; to v- iiy. —
Ab-Ster'gent (-stei 'jent), a. Serving to cleanse.

Ab-Sterse7 (3b-sters'), v. t. To cleanse by wiping.

— Ab-ster'sion (-stei'sliGn), re. A cleansing by
lotions, etc. — Ab-Ster'sive (-sYv), a. Cleansing.

Ab'sti-nence (aVstY-nens), re. An abstaining,
esp. from indulgence of appetite. — Ab'sti-
nent, a. Temperate.

Ab-stiact' (Sb-strSkt'), v. t. To draw from or
separate ; to consider by itself ; to epitomize or
reduce ; to purloin. — Ab'stract (aVs trSkt), a.
Distinct from something else ; difficult ; ab*
struse. — re. Inventory ; summary ; epitome. —
Ab'Stract-ly (Sb'strakt-ly), adv. By itself ; in a
separate state. — Ab - Strac ' tion (-strSk'.-l.un),
re. A separating ; idea of an abstract or theo-
retical nature ; inattention to present objects ;
a taking another's property for one's own use.

— Ab-Strac'tive (-etrik'tYv), a. Having power
to abstract. — Ab-stract'ed (-strSkt'ed), a. En-
grossed in thoupht. — Ab-stract'ed-ly, adv.

Ab-Struser (5b-strus'), a. Hard to understand ;
obscure. — Ab - struse ' ly , adv. — Ab - struse ' -
ness, re.

Ab-surd' (Sb-sfird'), a. Opposed to manifest
truth ; inconsistent with reason ; irrational ; ri-
diculous. — Ab-snrd'ly, adv. —Ab-surd 'ness,
Ab-surd'i-ty (-Y-ty), n. Quality of being absurd ;
that which is abirurd ; folly.

A-bun'danCO (a-bun'd«ns), re. Great plenty ;
wealth ; affluence. — A-bun'dant, a. Fr.lly suf-
ficient ; copious ; ample. — A-lbun'dant-ly, adv.

A-buse' (a-buz'), v. t. [Abused (-tuzd') ; Abus-
ing.] To misuse ; to deceive ; to impose on. —
A-buse7 (-bus'), re. Ill use ; oorrrpt practice or
custom ; derision ; insult. — A-bu'slve (-bu'sYv),
a. Containing abuse ; insolent. — A-bU'sive-ly.
adv. — A-bu'sive-ness, n.

A-bUt' (a-buf), v. i. To terminate or border
upon; to meet. — A-but'mODt (-ment), re. That
on which a thing abuts ; solid part of a wall,
etc., which receives the pressure of an arch, etc.

— A-but'tal, n. Boundary of land.
A-byss' (a-bYs'), re. Bottomless depth ; gulf ;

hell, or the bottomle«»s pit. — A-byss'al (a-LYs'-
al), A-bys'mal (a-bYz'mol), a. Bottomless ;
unending.
A-cad'e-my (a-kSd'e-my), re. School or seminarj',
ranking between common school and college ;
a society for learned pursuits. — Ac'a-deni'lC
(Sk'A-dgm'Yk), Ac'a-dem'ic-al, a. Belonging

a, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 8, i, 5, ft, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, 6b*y, ftnite, care, jirm, ask, all, final,

ACADEMIC

to an institution of learning. — Ac a-dem'ic n.
Student in a college or university. — ACa-dem'-
lc-al-ly, adv. — Ac a-de-mi'ciari (Sk'a-de-mTsh'-
an), n. Member of a society for promoting arts
and sciences.

Ac-cede' (5k-sed'), v . i. To agree ; to become a
party to (an agreement, etc.) ; to be added to.

Ac-Cel'er-ate (2k-sel'er-at), v. t. To quicken the
action of; to expedite. — Ac-celer-a'tion, n.
Increase of motion or action. — Ac - eel ' er - a-
tive (-s6i'er-a-tiv), Ac-cel'er-a-to-ry (-a-t6-r^),
a. Quickening motion.

ACcent (Sk'sgnt), n. Modulation of voice ; stress
laid upon some syllable ; mark used to regulate
pronunciation, express magnitude, etc. — Ac-
cent' (Sk-sSnt'), v. t. To mark with accent. —
Ac-cen'tU-al (-sen'tu-al), a. Relating to accent.
— Ac-ceil'tU-ate, (-at), v. t. To mark with ac-
cent. — Ac-cen'tu-a'tlon (-a'shfin), n. An ac-
centing ; stress.

Ac-cept' (5k-sSpt'), v. t. To receive ; to admit ; to
subscribe to and become liable for. — Ac-cept'er .
n. — Ac - cept ' a - Die, a. Worthy of being ac- j
cepted ; pleasing to a receiver ; welcome ; grati-
fying. — Ac-cept'a-ble-ness, Ac-cept'a-bil'i-ty
(-sSpt'a-bll'T-ty), n.— Ac-cept'a-bly, adv.— Ac-
ceptance, n. An accepting ; favorable recep-
tion ; assent to pay a bill of exchange when due ;
bill itself when accepted.— Accep-ta'tion (-sSp-
ta'shun), n. Acceptance ; meaning ; sense.

Ac-cess' (5k-seV or Sk'sSs), n. Approach ; ad-
mission ; increase.

Ac-ces'sa-ry (5k-seVsa-r^), a. Additional ; ac-
cessory.— n. One who accedes to an offense
without perpetrating it.

Ac-cess'1-Dle (5k-seVT-b'l), a. Easy of access;
approachable. — Ac-cess'i-Dil'i-ty (-T-bTl'T-t^),
n. Quality of being approachable.

Ac-ces'sion (Sk-sgsh'un), n. An acceding to;
increase; addition.

Ac-ces'SO-ry (Sk-ses'so-ry), a. Aiding ; contrib-
uting ; accompanying. — n. One guilty of a fe-
lonious offense, though not present at its perpe-
tration ; an accompaniment. — Ac ces-so'ri-al
(-sSs-so'rl-crl), a. Pertaining to an accessory. —
Ac-ces'so-ri-ly (-seVso-rT-ly), adv.

Ac'ci-dence (£k'sT-dens), n. Book of rudiments
in grammar.

Ac'ci-dent (5k'sT-dent), n. Event proceeding from
an unknown cause, or one not expected ; chance ;
mishap. — Ac'ci-den'tal (-dgn'tal), a. Happen-
ing by chance ; not necessarily belonging ; cas-
ual ; fortuitous ; incidental. — n. Casualty. —
Ac'ci-den'tal-ly, adv.

Ac-Claim' (2k-klam'), v. t. [Acclaimed (-klamd') ;
Acclaiming.] To honor with applause; to sa-
lute. — Ac-claim', Ac ' cla - ma ' tion (-kia-ma'-
shun), n. Shout, expressive of assent, choice, or
approbation. — Ac-Clam'a-tO-ry (-klSm'a-to-ry),
a. Expressing applause.

Ac-Cli'mate (5k-kll'mat), v. t. To habituate to_a
climate not native. — Ac'cli-ma'tiOli (-kli-ma'-
shfin), 7i. Process or state of being acclimated.

Ac-cli'ma-tize (5k-kli'ma-tlz), v. t. To acclimate.

Ac-Cliv'i-ty (5k-klTv'T-ty), n. Ascending slope ;
rising ground ; ascent. — AC-Cll'VOUS (Xk-kll'-
vus), a. Rising with a slope, as a hill.

Ac-com'mo-date (Xk-kom'mo-dat), v. t. To ren-
der fit ; to adapt ; to furnish with something
desired or convenient : to reconcile. — Ac-COm'-
mo-da-ting (-da-ting), a. Affording accommo-

Accordion.
A reckoning ; compu-

I ACCURSED

dation ; kind ; obliging. — Ac-COm'mo-da'tlon
(ak-kom' mo-da' shun), n. Supply of conven-
iences ; fitness ; reconciliation ; a loan of money.

Ac-COm'pa-ny (ak-kiim'pa-ny), v. t. To go with ;
to attend. — Ac-COm'pa-nist, n. Musical per-
former who takes the accompanying part. — Ac-
Com'pa-ni-ment (-nT-ment), n. That which ac-
companies or is added for ornament.

Ac-com'plice (ak - kom ' plis), n. Associate in
crime.

Ac-COm'plish (ak-kom'plish), v. t. To finish en-
tirely ; to bring to pass ; to fulfill. — Ac-com'-
plished (-plisht), a. Complete and perfected.

— Ac-COm'plish-ment, n. An accomplishing;
acquirement ; attainment.

Ac-compt/ant (5k-kount'ant), n. Accountant.

Ac-C0rd'(Sk-k6rd'),w. Agreement; consent; con-
cord. — v. t. To harmonize ; to concede. — v. i.
To be in accordance ; to agree. — Ac-cord'ance
(-kSrd'rtns), n. Agreement ; conformity. — Ac-
cord'ant, a. Corresponding ; agreeable. — Ac-
cord'ant-ly, adv. — Ac-COrd'ing, a. In har-
mony with ; suitable. — Ac-cord'ing-ly, adv.

Ac-COT'di-on (ak-k6r'dT-iin), n. A musical wind
instrument, played
by keys and bellows.

AC- COSt ' (ak-kosf),
v. t. To address;
to speak first to.

II Ac-couche'ment (ak-

kdosh'maN), n. [F.]

Delivery in childbed.

Ac-COUnt' (Sk-kount'), n.

tation ; statement ; explanation ; profit ; value.

— v. t. To reckon ; to compute ; to estimate ; to
regard. — v. i. To render an account or a rea-
son ; to constitute a reason (for an occurrence,
etc.). — Ac-COUnt'a-ble, a. Liable to be called
to account ; responsible. — Ac-COUnt'a-ble-ness,
Ac-count/ a-bil'i-ty (-bTlT-ty), n. — Ac-count'-
ant, n. One skilled in accounts.

Ac-cou'ple (5k-kup'p'l), v. t. [Accottpled; Ac-
coupling.] To couple; to join together; to
unite.

Ac-cou'ter, Ac-cou'tre (Xk-kob'ter), v. t. To
furnish with dress, equipage, or equipments ; to
equip. — Ac-cou'ter-ments, Ac-cou'tre-ments,
n. pi. Dress ; equipage ; trappings.

Ac-cred'it (Sk-kred'Tt), v. t. To give credit to ;
to furnish with credentials.

Ac-cres'cent (5k-krgs'sent), a.
creasing.

Ac-cre'tion (ak-kre'shiin), n. A growing to or
together ; increase. — Ac-cre/tive, a. Increas-
ing by growth.

Ac-crue' (5k-kru/), v. i. To arise ; to be added ;
to follow ; to increase.

Ac-cum'bent (ak-kum'b«nt), a. Leaning ; re-
clining.

Ac-CU'mU-late (ak-ku'mu-lat), v. t. To heap up
in a mass ; to pile up ; to collect. — v. i. To in-
crease greatly. — Ac-CU'mU-la'tor, n. — Ac-CU'-
mu-la'tion, n. An accumulating ; mass; heap.

— Ac-CU'mu-la-tive, a. Causing accumulation.
Ac'Cu-rate (ak'ku-rat), a. In conformity to truth ;

free from error ; correct ; precise. — Ac'CU-
rate-ly, adv.— Ac'cu-ra-cy, Ac'cu-rate-ness, n.

Ac-CUTSe7 (Sk-kflrs'), V. t. To devote to destruc-
tion ; to curse. — Ac-CUr'sed, p. p. (Sk-kQrsf)
& a. (-kfirs'ed). Doomed to misery ; detest-
able ; execrable.

Growing ; in-

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ACCUSE

ADAPTATION

Ac-cuse' (Xk-kuz'), v. t. To charge with crime ; |
to censure. — AC CU- sa'tion (-ku-za'shim), n.
An accusing ; charge of crime. — Ac-CU'sa-tive |
(-ku'za-tl v), a. Producing or containing accusa-
tions. — 7i. A case (of the direct object) of nouns
in grammar. — Ac-CU'sa-to-iy (-ku'za-to-ry), a. \
Containing accusation. — Ac-CUS'er, n.

Ac-CUS'tOm (ak-kus'tiim), v. t. To make familiar
by use ; to habituate. — Ac-CUS'tOm-a-ry (-a-ry),
a. Usual.

Ace (as), n. Single point on a card or die ; very
an til quantity ; atom.

A-cel'da-ma (a-sel'da-ma), n. Field of blood.

A-ceph/a-l0US (a-sef'a-lus), a. Without a head.

A-cerb'i-ty (a-ter'bi-ty), n. Sourness of taste ;
i. rshuesa; bitterness; severity.

A-ces'cent (a-ses'sant), a. Turning sour ; readily
becoming acid. — A - CGS ' cen - cy (-sen-sy)^n.
Tendency to sourness. — Ac'6-tate (5s'e-tat),
n. A salt formed by acetic acid united to a
base. — A-ce'tic (a-se'tik or -set'Tk), a. Hav-
ing the properties of vinegar. — A-cet'1-fy (-sef-
T-fi), v. i. To turn into acid or vinegar. —
A-cef i-fi-ca'tion, n. A making sour ; operation
of making vinegar. — A-CO'tOUS (-se'tus), a.
Sour ; causing acetification.

A-cet'y-lene (a-sgtT-len), n. A brilliant lighting
gas, composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Ache (ak), v. i. [Ached (akt) ; Aching.] To be
in pain. — n. Continued pain.

Achieve' (a-chev'), v. t. To do ; to accomplish.
— A-cWeve'ment, n. Performance ; feat ; deed.

Ach'ro-mat'iC (5k'r6-m5t'Ik), a. Free from
color.

Ac'id (XsTd), a. Sour, like vinegar ; sharp. — n.
A sour substance, or one forming salts. — A-cid'-
i-ty (a-sld'l-ty), Ac'id-ness, n. — A-cid'u-late
(a-sl J'u-lat), v. t. To make slightly acid. —
A-cid'U-lOUS (-lus), a. Slightly sour. — A-cid'-
1-ly (a-sTd'I-fi), v. t. & i. To make or become
acid. — A-cid'i-fl'a-ole (-T-fi'a-b'l), a. Capable
of being acidified. — A-Cid'i-li-ca'tion (-fT-ka'-
shun), n. An acidifying.

Ac-knowl'edge (Sk-nSl'gj), v. t. To own ; to con-
fess ; to avow ; to concede. — Ac-knowl'edg-
ment, n. The owning of a thing ; thanks.

Ac'me (Xk'me"), n. Highest point ; crisis.

Ac'o-lyte (Sk'6-lit), Ac'O-lyth (-lith), n. Compan-
ioji ; associate ; an inferior church servant.

Ac'O-nite (ak'o-nit), n. Wolfsbane, a poison.

A'COrn (a'kum), n. Seed or fruit of an oak.

A-COt/y-le/don (a-kSt'T-le'dun), n. Plant having
no seed lobes, or cotyledons. — A-COt'y-led'on-
OUS (-lSd'Qn-us), a. Having no seed lobes, or
such as are indistinct.

A-COUS'tic (a-kous'- or a-kobs'tTk), a. Pertain-
ing to the ears, sense of hearing, or doctrine of
sounds. — A-COUS'tlcs, n. Science of sound.

Ac-quaint' (5k-kwanf), v. t. To make familiar ;
to inform. — Ac -quaint' ance, n. Familiar
knowledge ; person or persons well known. —
Ac - quaint ' ance - Ship, n. State of being ac-
quainted.

Ac ' qui - esce' (5k ' kwT - gs '), v. i. [Acquiesced
(-Ssf) ; Acquiescing (-es'sing).] To rest sat-
isfied, or without opposition ; to assent ; to com-
ply. — Ac ' qui - es ' cence (-eVaenB), n. Silent
assent or submission. — Ac qul-es'cent, a. Sub-
mitting ; disposed to submit.

Ac-quire' (Xk-kwlr'), v. t. To gain ; to obtain ; to
secure. — Ac-quir'a-ble, a. Capable of being

acquired. — Ac - quire ' ment, Ac ' qui - si ' tion

(-kwt - zish ' tin), n. An acquiring; thing ac-
quired ; gain.

Ac - quis ' i - tive (Sk-kwIz'T-tTv), a. Disposed to
make acquisitions. — Ac-quis'i-tive-ly, adv. —
Ac-quis'i-tive-ness, n.

Ac-quit' (5k-kwTf), v. t. [Acquitted; Acquit-
ting.] To set free ; to release ; to discharge ;
to clear ; to absolve ; to conduct (one's self). —
Ac-quit' tal (-tal), n. Formal release from a
charge. — Ac-quit'tance (-tans), n. An acquit-
ting or discharging from debt ; a receipt.

A'cre (a'ker), n. Tract of 160 square rods.

Ac'rid (ak'rid), n. Of biting taste ; sharp ; pun-
gent. — Ac'rid-ness, n.

Ac'ri-mo-ny (5k'ri-mo-n^), n. Sharpness or se-
verity (of language or temper) ; asperity. — AC-
ri-mo/ni-OUS (-mo'nT-Qs), a. Sarcastic ; severe ;
bitter. — Ac/ri-mo/ni-ous-ly, adv.

Ac'ro-bat (Sk'ro-bSt), n. One who practices high
vaulting, rope dancing, etc. — Ac ro-bat'ic, a.

A-crop'0-lis (a-kr5p'6-lis), n. Citadel or castle.

A-cr0SS' (a-kr6s'), prep. From side to side of ;
athwart ; over. — adv. Crosswise.

A-croS'tiC (a-kros'tlk), n. Poem in which certain
letters in each line form a name or a sentence.

— A-cros'tic-al-ly, adv.

Act (Skt), v. t. To perform ; to do ; to feign ; to
play. — v. i. To exert power ; to be in motion ;
to do. — n. A deed ; action ; exploit ; division
of a play. — Ac' tor (Sk'ter), n. — Ac 'tress
(-toe's), n. Female actor or stage player. — Ac'-
tion (Sk'shun), n. Thing done ; deed ; conduct ;
gesture ; battle ; law suit. — Ac ' tion - a - ble
(-a-b'l), a. Admitting an action at law. — Ac'-
tion-a-bly, adv.

Ac'tive (Sk'tTv), a. Having or communicating
action or motion ; energetic ; busy ; transitive.

— Ac'tive-ly, adv. — Ac'tive-ness, Ac-tiv'i-ty,
(-tTv'T-ty), n.

Ac'tor, ACtress, n. See under Act, v. t.

Ac'tU-al (Sk'tu-al), a. Existing in act ; real ; cer-
tain ; present. — Ac'tU-al-ly, adv. — Ac'tU-al-
ness, Ac'tU-al'i-ty (-51'T-ty), n. State of being
actual. — Ac'tU-al-ize, V. t. To make actual.

Ac'tU-a-ry (5k'tu-a-r^), n. A registrar ; clerk.

Ac'tU-ate (5k'tu-at), v. t. To put into action ;
to impel ; to animate.

A-CU'le-ate (a-ku'le-at), a. Having sharp points ;
prickly.

A-CU'men (a-ku'mSn), n. Quickness of percep-
tion ; shrewdness ; discernment. — A-CU'mi-
nate (-mT-nat), v. t. To render sharp or keen.

— v. i.~ To come to a sharp point. — a. Having
a long tapering point. — A-CU mi-na'tion. n. A
sharpening ; termination in a point ; quickness.

A-CUte' (a-kuf), a. Sharp ; shrewd ; keen ; high
or shrill. — A-cute'ly, adv. — A-cute'ness, n.

Ad'age (Sd'aj), n. Saying ; maxim ; proverb.

l!A-da'giO (a-da'j6), a. [It.] Slow; moving
slowly. — adv. Slowly ; — a musical term. — n.
A piece of music in adagio time.

Ad'a-mant (Xd'a-mSnt), n. Stone of impenetrable
hardness; diamond. — Ad'a-man-te'an (-m5n-
teVrn), Ad a-man'tine (-mXn'tln), a. Extremely
hard.

A-dapt' (a-dXpf), v. t. To make fit or suitable. —
A-dapt'a-ble, a. Capable of being adapted. —
A-dapt'a-bil'i-ty, A-dapt'a-ble-ness, v.— Ad'-
ap-ta'tion (Sd'Sp-ta'shun), n. An adapting ;
fitness.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, gvent, tdea, 6bey, Anite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ADD i

Add (Sd), v. t. To join or unite.

II Ad-den' dum (5d- den 'dum), 7i.; pi. Addenda

(-da). [L.] A tiling to be added.
Ad'der (ad'der), ft. A venomous serpent ; a viper.
Add'i-ble (ad'dl-b'l), a. Capable of being added.
Ad-dict' (Sd-dTkf), v. t. To apply habitually;
to habituate. — Ad-dict'ed-ness, Ad - die ' tion
(-dTk'shun), ra. Devotedness.
Ad-di'tlon (Sd-dish'iiu), ft. An adding things to-
gether ; tiling added ; increase ; branch of arith-
metic which treats of adding numbers. — Ad-
di'tion-al, a. Added. — Ad-di'tion-al-ly, adv.
Ad'dle (ad'd'l), a. Putrid ; corrupt ; unfruitful
or barren. — v. t. & i. To make or become
addle, corrupt, or morbid.
Ad-dress' (5d-drSV), v. t. [Addressed (-dresf ) ;
Addressing.] To make ready ; to speak or ap-
ply to ; to direct (a letter or a petition) ; to
woo. — ft. An application ; a petition ; a direc-
tion (of a letter, etc.); skill; tact; courtship,
— usually in pi.
Ad-duce7 (aM-dus'), v. t. [Adduced ( - dust ' ) ;
Adducing (-du'sing).] To bring forward or
offer ; to allege. — Ad-du'cent (-du'sent), a.
Bringing forward or together. — Ad-du'ci-ble
(-sT-b'l), a. Capable of being adduced. — Ad-
duc/tion (-duk'shun), ft. A bringing forward. — |
Ad-duc'tive (-duk'tlv), a. Bringing forward.
A-depf (a-depf), n. One skilled in any art. — a. j

Skillful.
Ad'e-quate (5d'e-kwat), a. Fully sufficient;
equal, proportionate, or correspondent ; enough ;
requisite. —Ad'e-quate-ly, adv. — Ad'e-qua-cy
(-kwa-sy), Ad'e-quate-ness, n.
Ad-here' (Sd-heV), v. i. [Adhered (-herd') ; Ad-
hering.] To stick fast; to cleave; to cling;
to be attached or devoted. — Ad-her'ence (-ens),
Ad-her'en-cy (-en-sy), n. Quality or state of
adhering ; steady attachment. — Ad-her'ent, a.
United with or to ; sticking. —». One who ad-
heres ; a follower ; a supporter ; an advocate. —
Ad-her'ent-ly, adv. — Ad he'sion (-he'zhun), ra.
A sticking, or being attached. — Ad-he'sive
(-he'slv), a. Sticky; tenacious. — Ad-ne'-
sive-ly, adv. — Ad-he' sive-ness, ra.
Ad-hor'ta-to-ry (5d-h6r'ta-to-ry), a. Containing

counsel ; advisory.
A-diea' (a-du'), adv. 6ood-by ; farewell. — n.

A farewell.
Ad'i-pose' (a l'T-pos'), a. Consisting of fat. — Ad'-
i-po-cere' (Sd'T-po-seV), ft. A waxy substance,
into which fat is sometimes changed.
Ad'it (51'Tt), ft. A horizontal entrance into a

mine ; a drift.
Ad-ja'cent (Sd-ja'sent). a. Lying near ; contigu-
ous. — Ad-Ja'cen-cy (-sen-sjf), n. State of being
adjacent.
Ad'jec-tlve (51'jek-tTv), ra. A word used to de-
note some property of a noun. — Ad'Jec-tive-ly,
adv. In the manner of an adjective.
Ad-jOln' (51-join'), v. t. [Adjoined (-joind');
Adjoining.] To join or unite to. — v. i. To be
contigu > is or very near.
Ad-joura' (5 1-jGrn'), v. t. [Adjourned (-jfimd') ;
Adjourning.] To put off to another day ; to
postpone ; to defer ; to delay. — v. i. To sus-
pend business for a time. — Ad-journ'ment, ft.
An adjourning; postponement.
Ad-jud;e/ (Xl-jfij'), v. t. [Adjudged (-jiijd') ;
Adjudging.] To award or decree judicially ; to
sentence.

Adjutant.

A measuring ;

ADMISSION

Ad-Jn/di-cate (ad-ju'dT-kat), v. t. To determine
by law ; to aujudge. — Ad-]U di-Ca'tion, ra. An
adjudicating ; sentence ; decision.

Ad'junct'(ad'junkt/),n. Something joined to an-
other thing ; a colleague. — a. Added or united.

— Ad - June ' tion (-junk ' shiin), n. A joining ;
thing joined. — Ad-junc'tive (-tiv), a. Having
the quality of joining, — ft. One who, or that
which, is joined.

Ad-jure7 (5d-jur'), v. t. [Adjured (-jurd') ; Ad-
juring.] To charge on oath, or solemnly. —
Ad'jU-ra'tion (ad'ju-ra'shuu), ft. An adjuring ;
a charging on oath ; form of oath.

Ad-just' (ad-jusf), v. t. To make exact or con-
formable ; to reduce to order ; to set right ; to
settle ; to fit ; to regulate ; to accommodate. —
Ad-just'er, ra. — Ad - just '-
a-ble, a. Capable of being
adjusted. — Ad-just' ment,
ra. An adjusting ; an ar-
rangement ; a settlement.

Ad'jU-tant (Sd'ju-tant), ?
A military officer who as-
sist s superior officers ; a
large stork, native of India.

— Ad'Ju-tan-cy (-tan-sjf),
n. Office of an adjutant.

Ad'Ju-vant (5d'jfi-vant), a.
Helping ; assisting, — ra. An
aid; an assistant.

Ad-meas'ure (5d - mgzh ' ur),
v. t. To take the dimensions
or capacity of; to appor-
tion. — Ad-meas'ure-ment,
dimensions.

Ad-men su-ra'tion (5d - men ' shu-ra ' shun), n.
Measurement.

Ad-min'is-ter (ad-inln'Ts-ter), v. t. To manage
(business) ; to dispense (justice) ; to tender (an
oath) ; to settle (an estate), —v. i. To contrib-
ute ; to act as administrator. — Ad-min'is-te'-
ri-al (-Ts-te'ri-al), a. Pertaining to administra-
tion. — Ad-min'is-tra-ble (-tra-b'l), a. Capa-
ble of being administered. — Ad-min'is-trant
(-trant), a. Executive, —ft. One who adminis-
ters. — Ad-min'is-tra'tion (-tra'shun), n. An
administering ; executive part of government.

— Ad-min'is-tra'tive (-mTn'Ts-tra'tTv), a. Ad-
ministering. — Ad-min'is-tra'tor (-ter), n. One
who administers (esp. an intestate estate). —
Ad-min'is-tra'tor-ship, ft. Office of adminis-
trator. — Ad - min ' is - tia ' trix (-trTks), n. A
woman who administers.

Ad'mi-ra-ble. etc. See under Admire, v. t.

Ad'mi-ral (ad'inT-ral)), n. A naval officer of high-
est rank. — Ad'mi-ral-ship, n. Office of an
admiral. — Ad'mi-ral-ty (-ty), n. A body of
officers who manage naval affairs ; a court for
determining naval causes.

Ad-mire/ (ad-mir'), v. t. [Admired (-mird') ; Ad-
miring.] To regard with wonder or affection. —
v. i. To marvel ; to wonder. — Ad-mir'er , ft.

— Ad'mi-ra'tion (ad'mT-ra'shun), ft. Wonder;
esp., wonder mingled with love or veneration.

— Ad'mi-ra-ble (Sd'mT-ra-b'l), a. Worthy of
admiration ; delightful ; excellent ; surprising.

— Ad'mi-ra-bly, adv.

Ad-mit' (Sd-mTf), v. t. [Admitted ; Admitting.]
To let in ; to concede ; to grant ; to allow. — Ad-
mit'tance, n. The act or power of entering. —
Ad-mis'sion (Sd-mTsh'an), ft. An admitting;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ADMISSIBLE

6

ADVOCATE

access. — Ad -mis 'si- ble (-mTs'sY-b'l), a.
Proper to be admitted. — Ad-mis' si-bil'i-ty, n.
Ad-mix' (£d-inlks'), v. t. To mingle (with some-
thing else). — Ad-mix'tion (-nilks'chun), ra. A
mingling. — Ad-mix'ture (-tur), n. A mixing ;
a compound iormed by mixing.
Ad-mon'isll (ad-nion'ish), v. t. [Admonished
(-Isht) ; Admonishing.] To reprove gently ; to
caution ; to warn ; to advise. — Ad-mon'ish-er,
n. — Ad'mo-ni'tion (-mo-msh'uu), n. Gentle
reproof ; advice. — Ad-mon'i-tive (-mon'i-tiv),
Ad-mon'1-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Containing admo-
♦ uition.
Ad'nate (ad'nat), a. Growing close to (a stem,

etc.).
A-dO' (a-dbo'), n. Bustle ; trouble ; fuss,
i A-do'be (a-do'ba), n. Unburnt, sun-dried brick.
Ad'O-les'cent (au'6-les'sent), a. Growing ; ad-
vancing from childhood to manhood. — Ad'O-
les'cence (-sens), n. Youth.
A-dopt'(a-dopt'), v. I. To take as one's own
(when not so before). — A-dop'tion (a-dop'-
shun), n. An adopting ; state of being adopted.
— A-dop'tive (-tlv), a. Adopted ; adopting.
A-dore' (a-dor'), v. t. [Adored (-dord') ; Ador-
ing.] To worship with profound reverence ;
to love in the highest degree; to venerate. —
A-dor'er, n. — A-dor'a-ble, a. Worthy of ado-
ration. — A-dor'a-ble-ness, «. — A-dor' a-bly,
adv. — AuVo-ra'tion (2d ' o - ra ' shun), n. Wor-
ship ; homage ; great reverence.
A-dorn' (a-d6rn'), v. t. [Adorned (-d6rnd');
Adorning.] To render beautiful ; to decorate ;
to embellish ; to ornament. — A-dorn'ment, n.
Ornament; embellislunent.
A-down' (a-doun'), prep. Down ; toward the

ground. — adv. Downward.
A-drift' (a-drlff ), a. & adv. Floating at ran-
dom ; at large.
A-dTOit' (a-droif), a. Skillful; dexterous; in-
genious. — A-droit'ly, adv. — A-droit'ness, n.
Ad'SCi-ti'tioUS (ad'sT-tish'iis), a. Supplemental;

additional.
Ad'u-la'tion (Sd'u-la'shun), n. Servile flattery ;
compliment. — Ad'U-la'tor (Xd'u-la'ter), n. A
sycophant. — Ad'U-la-tO-ry (-la-to-rjf), a. Flat-
tering.
A-dlllf (a-dult'), a. Having arrived at mature
years, or to full size and strength. — n. One
grown to maturity.
A-dul'ter-ate (a-dul'ter-at), v. t. To debase or cor-
rupt by mixture. — a. Tainted with adultery ;
spurious ; corrupted. — A-dul'ter-ant, n. One
who, or tbat which, adulterates. — A-dul'ter-a'-
tion (a-dul'ter-a'shun), n. An adulterating. —
A-dUl'ter-er (-dul'ter-er), n. A man guilty of
adultery. — A-dul ' ter-ess, n. A woman who
commits adultery. — A-dul'ter-ine (-in or -in),
a. Proceeding from adultery. — n. An illegit-
imate child. — A-dul'ter-OUS (-us), a. Pertain-
ing to, or guilty of, adultery. — A-dul'ter-y (-y),
n. Violation of the marriage bed.
Ad-um'brate (Sd - um ' brat), r. t. To shadow
faintly forth ; to typify. — Ad ' um - bra ' tion
(-bra'shun), n. A shadow ; faint resemblance.
A-dun'Ci-ty (a-dun'sl-t^), n. A bending in form

of a book.
A-duSt' (a-dusf), a. Burnt or scorched.
Ad-vance' (id-vans'), v. t. [Advanced (-vansf) ;
Advancing (-van'slng).] To bring forward ; to
raise to a higher rank ; to help on ; to offer

(arguments or inducements) ; to supply before-
hand. — v. i. To move forward ; to improve ;
to rise in rank, office, or consequence. — n. A
moving forward ; an offer ; a gilt. — a. Before
in place or time. — Ad-vance'ment, n. An ad-
vancing ; improvement ; promotion ; payment
of money in advance.

Ad-van'tage (ad-van'taj), n. Favorable circum-
stances ; superiority ; benefit ; profit. — v. t.
[Advantaged (-tajd) ; Advantaging (-t£-jing).]
To benefit ; to prom ote. — Ad ' Van - ta ' geous
(Sd'van-ta'jiis), a. Being of advantage ; useful ;
beneficial. — Ad'van-ta'geous-ly, adv. — Ad'-
van-ta'geous-ness, n.

Ad'vent (ad'vent), n. A coming ; esp., the com-
ing of Christ ; season of four weeks before
Christmas.

Ad'ven-ti'tious (Sd'ven-tTsh'us), a. Added ex-
trinsically ; not essentially inherent ; acciden-
tal; casual. — Ad/ven-ti/tious-ly, adv.

Ad-ven'tUie (5d-v8n'tur), n. An extraordinary
event; bold undertaking; risk; chance, —v. t.
[Adventured (-turd) ; Adventuring.] To put
at hazard ; to risk ; to run the risk of attempting.

— v. i. To try the chances ; to dare. — Ad-ven'-
tur-er, n. — Ad-ven'ture-some (-sum), Ad-ven'-
tur-OUS (-us), a. Inclined to adventure ; daring ;
enterprising ; attended with risk.

Ad'verb (Sd'verb), n. A word used to modify a
verb, adjective, or other adverb. — Ad-ver'-
bi-al (-ver'bT-al), a. Relating to or like an ad-
verb. — Ad-ver'bi-al-ly, adv.

Ad'verse (Sd'vers), a. Acting in a contrary di-
rection ; conflicting ; contrary to the wishes ;
unfortunate; calamitous. — Ad'verse-ly, adv.

— Ad'verse-ness, n. — Ad'ver-sa-ry (Sd'ver-sa-
ry), n. One hostile or opposed ; an antagonist ;
an enemy; a foe. — a. Adverse; antagonistic.

— Ad-ver'sa-tive (ad-ver'sa-tiv), a. Express-
ing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis. — n.
A word denoting opposition. — Ad - ver ' si - ty
(-\ er'sT-ty), n. Adverse circumstances ; calam-
ity ; affliction ; distress.

Ad-vert' (Sd-verf), v. i. To turn the mind or at-
tention ; to refer ; to regard ; to observe. — Ad-
vert'ence (-ens), Ad-vert' en-cy (-en-sy), n.
Attention; regard; consideration. — Ad-veit'-
ent, a. Attentive ; heedful.

Ad'ver-tise' (Sd'ver-tiz' or gd'ver-tiz'), V. t. & i.
[Advertised (-tizd' or -tizd'); Advertising
(-tlz'ing or -ti'ztng).] To give notice or intel-
ligence to ; to make known through the press.

— Ad-ver'tise-ment (ad-ver'tlz-ment or ad'ver-
tiz'ment), n. Information ; notice through the
press. — Ad'ver-tis'er, n.

Ad- vice' (Sd-vis'), n. Opinion offered as worthy
to be followed ; counsel ; notice ; admonition.

— Ad- vise7 (5d-viz'), v. t. [Advised (-vizd') ;
Advising.] To give advice to; to counsel;
to apprise ; to warn ; to inform ; to consult ;
to consider, —v. i. To deliberate; to weigh
well. — Ad-vis'er, n. — Ad-vis'a-ble (-viz'-a-
b'l), a. Fit to be advised or to be done ; expe-
dient. — Ad- vis'a-ble-ness, Ad-vis'a-bil'i-ty
(-a-bTll-ty), n. — Ad-vis'ed-ly ( - vi ' zed - W ),
adv. With full knowledge ; purposely. — Ad-
vls'ed-ness, n. — Ad-vise'ment (-viz'ment), n.
Counsel ; deliberation; consideration. — Ad-Vi'-
SO-ry (-vl'zo-ry), a. Having power to advise;
containing advice.

Ad'vo-cate (5d'vo-kat), n. One who pleads for

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, 6bey, Clnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ADVOCACY

AFFLUENCE

another. — v. t. To plead in favor of ; to
tain by argument ; to defend ; to vindicate. —
Ad'vo-ca-cy (-ka-sy), Ad'vo-ca'tion (-ka'shun),
to. An advocating or pleading.

Ad'VOW-ee7 (5d'vou-e'), n. One who has the
right of advowson. — Ad-VOW'SOn (-vou'zun or
-sun), n. Right of presenting a priest to a va-
cant benefice.

Ad y-nam'ic (Sd'Y-nSmlk), a. Weak in the vital
powers ; feeble.

HAd'y-tum (5d'T-tum),
[L.] A secret place in
ancient temples.

Adz, Adze (adz), n.
A carpenter's chip-
ping tool, with arch-
ing blade at right
angles to the handle.

.ffi'dile (e'dll), n. An of- Adz.

ficer in ancient Rome
in charge of public buildings, spectacles, etc.

|| JE'gls (e'jis), n. Shield ; protection.

2E-0'li-an (e-o'lT-an), a. Pertaining to JSolia or
jEolis, in Asia Minor, or to JSolus, god of the
winds ; produced by wind. — JEolian harp. A
musical instrument with strings vibrated by the
wind. — M Ol'ic (-511k), a. Pertaining to JSolia.

JE'on (e'5n), n. An age ; eternity ; eon. — JE-O'-
ni-an (e-o'nT-an), a. Eternal ; everlasting.

A'er-ate (a'er-at), v. t. To combine with carbonic
acid ; to supply with common air ; to arterial-
ize. — A'er-a'tion (-a'shun), ra. An aerating.

A-e'ri-al (a-e'rT-al), a. Pertaining to the air ;
high; lofty; Ugh t as air; ethereal

Ae'rie (e'rl), n. An eyrie.

Are'r-l-form (a'er-i-fSrm), a. Having the form of
air, as gas.

A'8r-i-fy (a'er-T-fl), v. t. To infuse with air.

A'er-O-drome (a'er-o-drom), to. A flying machine ;
aeroplane.

Arer-0-gram (a'er-6-gra'm), n. A wireless message.

A'e'r-O-lite (a'er-o-lit), n. A meteoric stone.

A'er-om'e-ter (a'er-Sm'e-ter), to. An instrument
for measuring the weight or density of gases. —
A'er-O-met'rlC (-6-met'rTk), a. Pertaining to
aerometry. — A'e'r-om/e-try (-om'e-try), to.
Science of measuring the air ; pneumatics.

A'er-O-naut (a'er-o-nat), to. An aerial naviga-
tor ; balloonist. — A'er-O-naut'ic (-nat'Tk), a.
Pertaining to aeronautics. — A'er-O-naut'ics, n.
Science of sailing in the air ; ballooning.

A'cr-O-phyte7 (a'er-o-fltf), n. A plant deriving
support from air alone.

A'e'r-O-plane (a'er-o-plan), to. A flying machine,
or a plane that Hies in the air.

A'e'r-os'co-py (a'er-os'ko-pjr), to. Observation of
the atmosphere.

Are'r-o-Stat/ (a'er-o-staV), to. A machine sustain-
ing weights in the air ; an air balloon. — A'er-
O-atat'lc, a. Pertaining to aerostatics. — A'er-
O-Stat'ics, n. Science of the equilibrium of
elastic fluids, or of aerial navigation. — A'er-OS-
ta'tion (-Ss-ta'sliun), n. Aerial navigation.

.ffis-thet'ic (Ss-theVik), a. Pertaining to aesthet-
ics. — .ffis-thet'iCS, n. Theory or philosophy of
taste ; science of beauty in nature and art. —
iEs'thete (eVthet or es'-), n. One greatly atten-
tive to aesthetics. [SpHled also esthetic, etc.]

£!'ther (either), to. Ether.

A-far' (a-far'), adv. At a great distance ; remote.

Af'fa-ble (Sf'fa-b'l), a. Ready to converse ; easy

of access ; courteous ; accessible. — Af 'f a-bly,
adv. - Af 'f a-bil'i-ty (-bTl'I-ty), n.

Af-f air' (5f-f aV), to. Business ; a partial or minor
engagement of troops.

Af-fect' (af-fSkf), v. t. To act upon ; to change ;
to influence ; to move ; to aim at ; to put on a
pretense of ; to assume. — Af/f ec-ta'tion (Sf'fgk-
ta'shiin), n. Assumption of what is not real ;
artificial appearance ; false pretense. — Af-f ect'-
ed (-fekt'ed), a. Moved ; disposed ; assumed
artificially ; not natural. — Af-fect'ed-ly, adv.
— Af-fect'ed-ness, to. — Af-f ect'ing, a. Hav-
ing power to move the passions or affections ;
pathetic. — Af-fect'ing-ly, adv. — Ai-fec'tive
(-tiv), a. Affecting, or exciting emotion.

Al-fec'tion (5f-f5k'shun), to. Quality or property
inseparable from its subject ; state of the mind
respecting a particular object ; love ; tender at-
tachment ; disease. — Af-fec'tion-ate (-at), a.
Having great love or affection ; proceeding from
affection; loving; kind. — Af - f ec'tion-ate-ly,
adv.

Af-fi'ance (5f - fi ' ans), to. Plighted faith; the
marriage contract or promise ; trust ; confi-
dence. — v. t. [Affianced (-anst) ; Affiancing
(-an-sing).] To betroth ; to promise marriage
to ; to trust. — Af -f i'ant, n. One who makes
an affidavit ; a deponent.

Af'fi-da'vit (Sf'f T-da'vit), to. [L., he made oath.]
Statement made upon oath before a magistrate ;
deposition.

Af-fil'1-ate (5f-f Yl'T-at), v. t. To adopt ; to re-
ceive into fellowship ; to ally. — v. i. To asso-
ciate; to accord. —Af-f iM-a'tlon (-a'shiin), to.
Adoption ; association in the same family or so-
ciety ; legal assignment of a child to its father.

Af-fin/i-ty (£f-f Yn'Y-ty^, to. Relationship by mar-
riage ; close agreement ; chemical attraction.

Af-firm' (a"f-ferm'), v. t. [Affirmed (-fermd') ;
Affirming.] To confirm ; to establish ; to rat-
ify; to maintain as true; to aver; to assert.

— v. i. To declare positively. — Af-f irm'er, to.

— Af-f inil' a-ble, a. Capable of being affirmed.

— Af-flrm/ance (-ans), to. Confirmation; rati-
fication. — Af-f irm'ant, to. One who affirms or
asserts. — Af'fir-ma'tion (Sf'fer-ma'shun), n.
An affirming ; thing asserted ; ratification. — Af-
firm'a-tive (af - f erm ' a - ti v), a. Affirming or
asserting ; — opposed to negative ; confirmative ;
ratifying. — n. That which contains an affirma-
tion. — Af-firm'a-tive-ly, adv.

Af-fix' (af-fiks'), v. t. [Affixed (-f ikst') ; Af-
fixing.] To add at the end ; to attach ; to con-
nect ; to annex ; to unite. — Affix (Sf'f Tks), to.
A syllable or letter joined to the end of a word ;
a suffix ; a postfix. — Af-f ix'ture (-tur), to. That
which is affixed or annexed.

Af-fla'tus (af-fla'tus), to. [L.] A breath or blast !
of wind ; inspiration. I

Af-flict' (af-flikf), v. t. To strike down ; to give
continued pain ; to distress ; to torment ; to
grieve. — Af-flict'lng, a. Grievous ; distress-
ing. — Af-fliCtlon (-fllk'shun), to. State of be-
ing afflicted ; state of pain, distress, or grief ;
misfortune. — Af-flic/tive (-fllk'tiv), a. Giving
pain ; causing affliction. — Af-flic'tive-ly, adv.

Af'flu-ent (5f'flu-ent),a. Wealthy; plentiful;
abundant ; copious. — to. A stream flowing into
a river or lake. — Af 'flu-ent-ly, adv. In abun-
dance ; abundantly. — Af 'flU-enC6 (-ens), to.
Abundance of any thing ; wealth ; plenty. —

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sine, ink, then, thin*

AFFLUX

8

AGITATOR

Afflux (Sf'fluks), Af-flux'ion (Sf-flHk'shfin),
n. A flowing to ; that which flows to.

Af-ford' (Sf-ford'), v. t. To yield ; to give ; to
be able to expend ; to impart ; to confer ; to
supply.

Ai- fray' (Sf-fra'), n. A tumultuous quarrel;
scume ; encounter ; brawl. — v. t. [Affrayed
(-irad') ; Affraying.] To frighten.

AI-iright' (Sf-frif), v. t. To impress with sudden
fear ; to terrify ; to shock ; to alarm. — n. Sud-
den fear ; terror.

Af-zront' (£f-friint'), n. Contemptuous action or
conduct ; indignity ; insult ; offense. — v. t. To
orfend ; to insult ; to abuse ; to outrage. — Af-
front'ive (-Iv), a. Giving offense ; insulting ;
abusive.

Af-fuse' (5f-fuz'), v. t. [Affused (-fuzd') ; Af-
fusing.] To pour out ; to sprinkle. — Af-fu'-
Sion (-iu'zhun), «. A pouring upon ; baptism ;
bathing a part or all of the body with water or
other fluid as a remedy for disease.

Afghan (Sf'gan), n. A native of Afghanistan ;
a blanket or wrap.

A-field' (a-ield'), adv. To, in, or on, the field.

A-fire' (a-fir'), a. & adv. On fire.

A-float' (a-flof), adv. In a floating state ; with-
out guide or control ; adrift ; in general circu-
lation.

A-f00f (a-f68f), adv. On foot ; in action ; astir.

A-fore' (a-for'), adv. & prep. Before. — A-f ore'-
gO'ing, a. Going before ; foregoing ; previous.
— A-f ore' hand', adv. Beforehand; before.—
A-fore'men'tioned, A-fore'said', adv. Spoken
of or named before. — A-fore'thoUght' (-that'),
a. Premeditated. — A-f ore'tlme' ( - tlm ' ), adv.
In time past ; formerly ; of old.

A-foul' (a-foul') a. & adv. Not free ; entangled ;
in collision.

A-fraid' (a-frad'), a. Struck with fear ; timid.

A-fresh' (a-fresh'), adv. Anew ; over again ; once
more ; newly.

Aft (aft), adv. & a. Astern ; abaft ; behind.

Aft'er (aft'er), prep. Behind in place ; later in
time ; moving toward from behind ; in imita-
tion of ; concerning. — a. Subsequent; more
aft. '—adv. Subsequently in time or place.

Aft'er-clap' (aft'er-klap'), n. An unexpected sub-
sequent event.

Aft'er-crop' (aft'er-krop'), n. A second or sub-
sequent crop.

Aft'er-math' (aft'er-miith'), n. A second crop of
grass ; rowen.

Aft'er -noon' (affer-nobn'), n. The time from
noon to evening.

Aft'er-piece' (aft'er-pes'), n. A piece performed
after a play.

Aft'er- thought' (aft'er-thaf), n. A reflection
after an act.

Aft ' er - ward (aft'er- werd), Aft'er- wards
(-werdz), adv. In later time ; subsequently.

A-gain' (a-ggn'), adv. Another time ; once more ;
in return ; back ; on the other hand ; moreover. |

A-galnst' (a-ggnsf), prep. Opposite to ; in oppo-
sition to ; in provision for ; by the time that.

A-gape' (X-gap' or -gap'), adv. Gaping, as with
wonder ; having the mouth wide open.

Ag'ate (ag'ut), n. A variety of quartz ; kind of
type, next smaller than nonpareil.
HHg^This line is printed in agate.

Ag'a-tlne (Xg'a-tTn), a. Pertaining to, or resem-
bling, agate.

Agave.

A-ga'VO (a-ga've), n. The American aloe, or cen-
tury plant.

Age (aj), n. Any period
of time; a particular
period ; maturity ; de-
cline of life; genera-
tion ; century. — v. i.
[Aged (a j d) ; Aging
(a'jing).] To grow old ;
to become aged. —
A'ged (a'jed), a. Ad-
vanced in age or years ;
old; ancient ; having
lived (for some time
specified).

A'gent (a'jgnt), n. Per-
son or thing that exerts
power, or has power to
act ; deputy. — A'gen-
cy (a'jen-sy), n. Qual-
ity of acting or state of being in action ; offlc*
of an agent. — A ' gent - ship, n. Office of at
agent ; agency.

Ag-glom'er-ate (Sg-glSm'er-at), v. I. To wind,
or collect, into a ball or mass. — a. Collected
into a ball or heap. — Ag-glom'er-a'tion (-gl5m'-
er-a'shiin), n. A gathering into a ball or mass.

Ag-glu'tl-nate (ag-glu'tT-nat), v. t. To unite, or
cause to adhere. — Ag-glu'ti-nant, a. Uniting,
as glue. — n. An adhesive substance. — Ag-
glU'tl-na'tion (-na'shun), n. A uniting, or state
of being united. — Ag-glu'tl-na'tive, a. Tend-
ing to unite.

Ag'gran-dize (5g'gran-diz), v. t. [Aggrandized
(-dizd); Aggrandizing (-di'zing).] To make
great or greater ; to exalt. — Ag-gran'dize-ment
(ag-gran'diz-ment or Sg'grSn-diz'-), n. An ag-
grandizing.— Ag'gran-di/zer (-di'zer), n.

Ag'gra-vate (ag'gra-vat), v. t. To make worse ;
to enhance ; to exaggerate ; to irritate ; to tease.
— Ag'gra-va'tion (-va'shun), n. Act of aggra-
vating ; that which aggravates.

Ag'gre-gate (5g'gre-gat), v. t. To bring together ;
to collect into a sum or mass ; to accumulate ;
to pile. — a. Formed of collected parts. — n.
An assemblage of particulars ; collection ; sum
total ; lump. — Ag'gre-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n . An
aggregating ; an aggregate. — Ag'gre-ga'tive
(-ga'tTv), a. Causing aggregation ; collective.

Ag-gress' (Sg-grgs'), v. i. & t. To attack ; to
assail. — Ag-gres'sion (Sg-grgsh' un), n. First
attack ; assault ; intrusion. — Ag-gres'sive (Sg-
grgs'sTv), a. Making the first attack ; pugna-
cious. — Ag-gres'slve-ness, n. — Ag - gres ' sor
(-ser), n.

Ag-grieve' (Sg-grev'), v. t. [Aggrieved (-grevd') ,
Aggrieving (-grev'ing).] To pain; to afflict;
to vex ; to harass. — Ag-griev'ance (-grev'-
ans), n. Injury ; grievance.

A-ghast' (a-gasf), a. & adv. Amazed ; stupefied

with horror.
Ag'ile (Sj'Tl), a. Quick of motion; nimble;
brisk. — Ag'lle-ness, A-gil'i-ty (A-jH'T-ty), n.
Ag'i-o (Sj'Y-o or a'jT-o), v. ; pi. Agios (-6z). Dif.
ference in value between metallic and paper
money ; premium. — Ag'i-O-tage (Sj'T-6-taj), n.
Stockjobbing.
Ag'I-tate (Sj'T-tat), v. t. To disturb; to excite;
to discuss earnestly ; to debate. — Ag'i-ta'tion
(-ta'shHn), n. Disturbance ; violent motion ;
excitement: debate. — Af/i-ta'tor (-ta'terV n.

;i. e, i, o, u, lung , a, C, I, 5, u, y, short ; sen&te, event, tdea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

AGNAIL

9

ALB

Ag'nail (Sg'nal), n. Inflammation round a finger

nail ; a whitlow.
Ag'nate (ag'nat), a. Related on the father's side.

— n. One thus related. — Ag-na'tion (-ua'-
shun), n. Relation by the father's side.

Ag-nos'tic (ag-n5s'tlk), a. Professing ignorance.

— re. One who neither affirms nor denies, but
declares himself ignorant.

A-gO' (a-go'), adv. & a. Past ; gone.

A-gOg' (a-gog'), a. & adv. Excited and eager.

A-go'ing (a-go'Tng), adv. In motion ; going ;
ready to go.

Ag'O-ny (ag'o-ny), n. Extreme pain of body or
mind ; anguish ; pang. — Ag'O-nize (-6-niz), v. i.
[Agonized (-nizd) ; Agonizing.] To writhe with
agony ; to suffer anguish. — v. t. To torture. —
Ag'0-ni/zing-ly, adv. With extreme anguish.

A-gra'ri-an (a-gra'rT-an), a. Relating or tending
to equal division of lands. — re. One who fa-
vors agrarianism. — A-gra'ri-an-ism (-Tz'm), re.
Equal division of property.

A-greer (a-gre'), v. i. [Agreed (-gred') ; Agree-
ing.] To be of one mind ; to concur ; to accord ;
to assent ; to resemble ; to suit ; to correspond in
gender, number, case, or person. — A-gree'a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Agreeing or suitable ; in conformity
or accordance ; pleasing. — A-gree'a-ble-ness,
A-gree'a-bil'i-ty (-a-bil'i-ty), re. — A-gree'a-
bly, adv. In an agreeable manner ; in accord-
ance ; conformably. — A-gree'ment, re. An
agreeing ; harmony ; contract ; bargain.

A-gres'tic (a-grgs'tlk), a. Pertaining to the
fields ; rustic.

Ag'ri-CUl ture (Sg'rT-kul'tur), n. Art of culti-
vating the ground ; tillage ; husbandry ; farm-
ing. — Ag'ri-CUl'tur-al, a. Relating to agricul-
ture. — Ag'ri-cul'tur-ist, n. A farmer.

A-ground' (a-ground'), adv. On the ground ;
stranded.

A'gue (a'gu), re. Chilliness ; intermittent fever.

— A'gU-ish (a'gu-Tsh), a. ChiUy.

Ah (a), inlerj. Expressing surprise, pity, exulta-
tion, etc. — A-ha' (a-ha'), inlerj. Expressing
triumph, contempt, or surprise.

A-head' (a-hed'), adv. Farther forward ; in front.

A-hull' (a-hul'), adv. With sails furled and helm
lashed.

Aid (ad), v. i. To assist ; to help ; to relieve ; to
sustain. — re. Help ; succor ; relief ; a helper.

HAid'-de-camp' (ad'de-k5N'), re. ; pi. Aids-de-
camp (adz'-). [F.] An officer assisting a general.

Ai'gret (a'grgt), Ai-grette' (a-grgf), re. The small
white heron ; a tuft (of feathers, diamonds, etc.).

All (al), v. t. [Ailed (aid) ; Ailing.] To affect
with pain ; to trouble ; to be the matter with.

— v. i. To feel pain. — re. Disorder ; indisposi-
tion ; pain. — Ail'ment, re. Disease ; malady.

Ai-lan'tus (a-lan'tus), n. A tree, native of the
East. [Improperly spelt ailantkus.]

Aim (am), v. i. & I. [Aimed (amd); Aiming.]
To point or direct (a weapon, effort, intention,
etc.). — re. Direction; design; end; scheme.

— Aim/less, a. Without aim ; purposeless.
Ain't (ant). See Arn't.

Air (Sr), re. The fluid we breathe ; the atmos-
phere ; tune ; manner, mien, or carriage of a per-
son ; pi. show of pride.— v. I. [Aired (Srd) ;
Airing.] To expose to the air ; to ventilate. —
Air'ing, re. Exposure to air ; excursion out of
doors. — Alr'y (Sr'y), a. Open to the air;
light ; unsubstantial ; fantastic. — Air'i-ly

Air Pump.

(-i-\f), adv. Gayly; merrily. — Air'i-ness, n.
Openness to the air ; levity ; gayety. — Air
bath- An apparatus for applying air to the body,
also for drying substances in air of any tempera-
ture. — Air bed. An inflated sack used as a bed.

— Air bladder. A sac or bladder, containing
air, in an animal or plant ; a bubble in a cast-
ing. — Air brake. A railroad brake operated
by condensed air. — Air cell. A cell containing
air. — Air Chamber. A cavity, containing air, in
an animal or plant, also in a pump, for regula-
ting the flow of a liquid. — Air cock. A faucet
to allow escape of air. — Air drill. A drill driven
by pressure of condensed air. — Air engine.
An engine operated by heated or compressed air.
Air gun. A gun discharged by the elastic force
of air. — Air hole. An opening to admit or
discharge air; an unfrozen spot in ice; ul
in a casting caused by a bubble. — Air line. A
straight line; bee line. — Air pipe. A pipe
for drawing off foul air. — AirjJlant A plant
nourished by air only ;
an aerophyte. — Air
pump. A machine for
exhausting air from a
closed vessel. — Air sac.
An air cell, in birds. —
Air shaft. A passage
supplying fresh air to a
mine or tunnel. — Air spring. A spring oper-
ated by the elasticity of air. — Air Stove. A
stove for heating a current of air driven against
it and distributed through a building. — Air
trap. A contrivance for shutting off gases
from drains, sewers, etc. ; a stench trap. — Air
trunk- A shaft for conducting foul air from a
room. — Air vessel. A vessel or cell (in birds,
plants, pumps, etc.) containing air. — fr\r way.
A passage for a current of air.

Air'-tighf (Sr'thV), a. So tight as to exclude air.
Aisle (il), n. The wing of a building ; a passage

in a church. — Aisled (fld), a. Having aisles.
A-jar' (a-jai-/), adv. Partly open.
A-kimHJO (a-kim'bo), a. With a crook ; bent.
A-kin' (a-kin'), a. Related by blood ; allied by

nature.
Al'a-bas'ter (aVa-baV ter), n. A compact variety

of sulphate or carbonate of lime.
A-lack' (a-15k')» A-lack'a-day' (-a-daO, interj.

An exclamation of regret or sadness.
A-lac'ri-ty (a-lSk'rT-tjf), n. Cheerful readiness ;

briskness ; liveliness.
Al'a-mode' (5Pa-mod'), adv. According to the

mode or fashion. — n. A thin, glossy silk.
A-lan'tUS. See Ailantus.
A-larm' (a-larm'), n. A summons to arms ; notice

of danger; surprise with fear or terror, —v. t.

[Alarmed (-larmd') ; Alarming.] To give notice

of danger ; to frighten ; to disturb. — A-larm'-

ing-ly, adv. So as to alarm. — A-larm'ist, n.

One who intentionally excites alarm ; a croaker.

— Alarm bell. A bell that gives notice of dan-
ger.—Alarm Clock or watch. A dock or
watch made to ring at a particular hour. —
Alarm gauge. An attachment to a steam,
boiler for showing an overpressure of steam or
deficiency of water. — Alarm post A place to
which troops must repair in case of alarm.

A-las' (a-las'), interj. An exclamation of sorrow.
A'late (a'lat), A'la-ted (-la-ted), a. Winged.
Alb (Sib), n. A church vestment of white linen.

f5m, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ALBATA

10

ALL SOULS' DAY

Albatross.

Al-ba'ta (51-ba'ta), n. German silver.

Al'ba-tross (aPba-tros), n. A large, web-footed
sea bird, of the
Southern Ocean.

APbe'it (al'be'It),
conj. & adv. Al-
though ; be it so ;
notwithstanding.

Al-bes'cent (51-beV-
sent), a. Becom-
ing white; whit-
ish.

Al-bi'no (51-bl'n6-),
n. ; pi. Albinos
(-noz). A person or
animal preternaturally white ; a white negro.

Al'bU-gin/e-OUS (Sl'bu-jTn'e-us), a. Pertaining to
the white of an egg, also of the eye.

APbum (51'bum), n. A blank book for photo-
graphs, autographs, etc.

Al-bu'men (Sl-bu'men), n. A viscous animal sub-
stance found in the white of egg.

Al-bur'num (al-buVnum), n. The white soft part
of wood next to the bark ; sapwood.

HAl-cal'de (al-kal'da), n. A Spanish magistrate.

Al'che-my (51'ke-my), n. Occult chemistry ; art
of changing base metals into gold. — APche-
mist (-mist), n. One skilled in alchemy.

Al'CO-hol (al'ko-hol), n. Pure or highly rectified
spirit. — Al'CO-hol'ic (-hSl'ik), a. Relating to
alcohol.

Al'CO-ran (aPk6-r5n or 5Pk6-ran'), n. See Koran.

Al'cove (aPkov or 51-kov'), ri. A recess in a li-
brary or other room ; a niche.

Al'der (al'der), n. A tree of several varieties.

Al'der-man (al'der-man), n. A magistrate rank-
ing below the mayor.

Ale (al), n. Fermented malt liquor. — Ale'hoof7
(-hoof), n. Ground ivy, — formerly used in mak-
ing ale. — Ale'house, n. A place where ale is
retailed. — Ale' wife, n. A woman who keeps
an alehouse ; a fish akin to the herring.

A-lee/ (a-le7), adv. On the side (of a ship, etc.)
away from the wind.

A-lem'bic (a-lgn/bTk), n. A chemical vessel used
in distillation.

A-lert' (a-lerf), a. Watchful ;
vigilant; brisk; prompt; nim-
ble; lively. —A- lertly, adv.

— A-lert'ness, n.
APex-an'drine (al'eg-z5n'-

drin), n. A poetic verse of

twelve syllables.
A-lex'i-phar'mic (a-leks'T-far'-

nnk), n. A drug that resists

poison. — a. Expelling poison

or infection. — A-lex'i-ter'lc

(-tgr'Ik), A-lex'i-ter'ic-al

(-Y-kal),a. Resisting poison.
ilAl'ga (51'ga), n.; pi. Alg*: (Sl'je). [L.] A

division of water plants, embracing seaweeds.

— Al'gOUS (-giis), a. Pertaining to seaweed.
Al'ge-bra (£l'je-bra), n. Mathematical calcula-
tion by means of letters and symbols. — APge-
bra'ic (al'je-bra'Yk), Al'ge-bra'ic-al (-T-kol), a.
Pertaining to, or performed by, algebra. — AP-
ge-bra'lc-al-ly, odv .

IlA'li-as (a'lY-£s), adv. [L.] Otherwise ; other-
wise called. — n. A second writ; an assumed
name.

llAl'i-bi (XlT-bl), n.

Alembic.

Another place ; an accused

person's plea that he was absent when crime
was committed.

Al'ien (al'yen), a. Foreign; adverse. — n. A
foreigner. — Al'ien-a-ble, a. Capable of being
alienated. — Al'len-a-Ml'i-ty (-a-bYl'Y-ty), n.
Capacity of being alienated. — APien-ate (-at),
v. t. To transfer to another ; to estrange. — a.
Estranged. — APien-a'tion, n. Transfer ; legal
conveyance ; estrangement ; insanity. — Al'ien-
a'tor (-a/ter), n. One who alienates or transfers
property. — Al/ien-ee/ (-yen-e'), n. One to
whom property is sold. — Al'ien-ism (-iz'm), n.
State of being an alien ; science of mental dis-
ease. — Al'ien-ist, n. One who treats insanity.

Al'i-form (al'Y-Idrni), a. Shaped like a wing.

A-light' (a-lif), v. i. To get down ; to dismount ;
to descend and settle.

A-ligB/ (a-lin'), v. t. To adjust or form by a line.

— v. i. To form in line ; to lay out the ground
plan (of a road). — A-lign'ment, n. An adjust-
ing to a line ; line of adjustment ; ground plan
of a road.

A-like' (a-tfk'), a. Similar ; without difference.

— adv. In the same manner, form, or degree.
Al'i-ment (Sl'T-ment), n. That which feeds

or supports ; food ; nutriment. — Al i-men'tal
(-men'tal), APi-men'ta-ry (-ta-ry), a. Pertain-
ing to food or aliment ; nutritive. — APl-men-
ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. Act or power of affording
nutriment ; state of being nourished. — APi-
men/tive-ness (-men'tiv-ngs), n. Appetite for
food or drink.

APi-mo-ny (al'i-mo-n^), 7i. An allowance to a
wife out of her husband's estate, on her divorce
or separation from him.

Al'i-ped (aPI-pgd), a. Wing-footed. — n. An ani-
mal whose toes are connected by a membrane
which serves as wings.

Al'i-quant (al'Y-kwant), a. Not dividing another
number without a remainder.

Al'i-quot (aPY-kwot), a. Dividing exactly, or
without remainder.

A-live7 (a-liv'), a. Having life ; active ; suscep-
tible.

A-liz'a-rin (a-liz'a-rin), n. A red coloring matter
obtained from madder or coal tar.

Al'ka-hest (Sl'ka-hgst), n. A universal solvent.

Al'ka-li (al'ka-li or -IT), n. A caustic substance
which neutralizes acids. — Al ka-les'cent (-leV-
sent), a. Tending to the properties of an alkali.

— Al'ka-li-fy (-lY-fi), v. t. & i. To change into
an alkali. — APka-LLne (-lTn or -lln), a. Hav-
ing the qualities of an alkali. — Al'ka-lize (-Hz),
v. t. To make alkaline ; to alkalify. — Al'ka-loid
(-loid), n. A vegetable principle having alka-
line properties.

Al'ko-ran (H'kS-rSn or 51'k$-ran'), n. The Mo-
hammedan Bible ; the Koran.

All (al), a. Every one ; the whole number or
quantity of. — n. The whole ; the total ; every-
thing. — adv. Wholly; completely; entirely;
quite. — At all. In the least degree ; to the least
extent ; under any circumstances. — All fools'
day. April 1st, when people are tricked, or made
fools of. — All lours. A game at cards, in which
four points are scored ; — called also High, Low,
Jack, and the Game. — All hall. All health ; —
a phrase of salutation. — All Saints, or A 1 1
Saints' day. A church feast (November 1) held
in honor of the saints ; — called also Allhnllou'S
or Hallowmas. — Ail SOUls' day A Roman

5, 5, 1, o, G, long , a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; sen&te, 8vent, Idea, 6bey, Unite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

ALL THE SAME

11

ALP

Catholic day (November 2) of prayer for the
souls of the faithful. — All the same. Never-
theless. — All told. All counted ; in all.

! Al'lah (al'la), n. Arabic name for God.

Al-lay' (51-la'), v. t. [Allayed (-lad') ; Allay-
ing.] To make quiet ; to put at rest ; to abate ;
to appease ; to repress ; to subdue. — Al-lay'-
ment, n. An allaying ; that which allays.

Al le-ga'tion (51'le-ga'shun), n. Positive asser-
tion or declaration.

Al-lege' (al-lej'), v. t. [Alleged (-l§jd') ; Alleg-
ing.] To bring forward positively; to declare ;
to assert ; to plead ; to cite ; to quote.

Al-ls'giance (al-le'jans or -jT-ans), n. Fidelity of
a subject to his government ; loyalty ; fealty.

Al'le-gO-ry (al'le-go-ry), n. A figurative discourse;
a parable.— Arie-gor'ic (-gor'Ik), AHe-gor'-
ic-al (-T-k«l), a. In the manner of allegory ; de-
scribing by resemblances. — APle-gOr'iC-al-ly,
adv. — Al'le-gO-rist (-go-rist), n. One who
teaches by allegory. — Al'le-gO-rize (-rlz), v. t.
To form into allegory ; to understand in an alle-
gorical sense, — v. i. To use allegory. — Al'le-
gor'i-za'tion. (-gor'T-za'shiin), n. A turning into
allegory, or understanding allegorically.

IIAI-Ie'gro (51-la'gro), a. Quick ; brisk ; lively. —
n. A sprightly strain or piece in music.

Al'le-lu'ia, Alle-lu'iah (Xl'le-lu'ya), n. Praise
to Jehovah. See Hallelujah.

Al-le/vl-ate (51-le'vT-at), v. t. To make light ; to
ease ; to lessen ; to mitigate ; to allay. — Al-le7-
Vi-a'tion (-a'shfin), n. An alleviating ; mitiga-
tion ; that which makes more tolerable. — AP-
le'vi-a-tive (-tiv), n. Something mitigating.

APley (51'ly), n. ; pi. Alleys (-Hz). A passage ;
a narrow street.

AH hal'low (al'hal'li!,), AU'hal'lows (-lSz), A1P-
hal'lOW-mas (-mas), n. All Saints' day. See
under All. — AU-hal'low-tide' (-tuP), n. The
time near All Saints'.

Al-li'ance (51-li'ans), n. Union by treaty or mar-
riage ; compact ; persons or parties allied.

APli-gate (Xl'lT-gat), v. t. To tie together; to
unite. — APU-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. Arithmet-
ical solution of questions concerning ingredients
of different qualities or values.

Al'li gator (Sl'lT-ga'ter), n. The American croc-
odile, a carnivorous y m
amphibious reptile.

Al-li'slon (Xl-lTzh'-
uii), n. A striking
against.

Al-lit er-a'tion ( 51-
liter- a' sh tin), n.
Repetition of the
same letter at the
beginning of suc-
ceeding words. —
Al-lit'er-a-tive (-lTfer-a-tl'v), a.
alliteration.

Al'lo-cate (Xl'lo-kat), v. t. To distribute ; to as-
sign ; to allot. — APlo-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. A
putting one thing to another.

Al'lo-Cu'tlon (Xl'lo-ku'shun), n. An address.

Al-lo'dl-um (Xl-loMT-um), n. Freehold estate;
land which is the absolute property of the owner.
— Al-lo'dl-al (-al), a. Pertaining to allodium ;
free of rent or service ; opposed to feudal.

Al-lop'a-thy (al-15r/a-thy), n. The employment
of medicines to produce effects different from
those which result from disease ; — opposed to

Alligator.

Pertaining to

homeopathy.— AMo-path'ic (Sl'lo-pSthlk), a.
Pertaining to allopathy.

Al-lot' (51-15f), v. t. [Allotted ; Allotting.]
To divide by lot ; to distribute ; to assign ; to
apportion. — Al-lot'ment, n. An allotting;
part allotted ; share.

Al-low' (51-lou'), v, t. [Allowed (-loud') ; Al-
lowing.] To give ; to own or acknowledge ; to
abate ; to permit ; to admit ; to consent. — v. i.
To make abatement or deduction. — Al-low'a-
ble, a. Proper to be allowed ; permissible. —
Al-low'a-bly, adv. — Al-low'ance (-ans), n.
An allowing ; sanction ; thing allowed ; stated
quantity, as of food or drink ; abatement ; deduc-
tion. — v. t. To put upon allowance ; to limit.

Al-loy' (51-loi'), v. t. [Alloyed (-loid') ; Alloy-
ing.] To debase by mixing ; to impair ; to cor-
rupt. — n. A compound of two or more metals ;
a baser metal mixed with a finer. — Al-loy'agO
(-aj), n. An alloying ; a mixture of metals.

All'spice' (al'spis'), n. The berry of the pimento ;
Jamaica pepper.

Al-lude' (51-lud'), v. i. To refer to something not
mentioned ; to hint ; to intimate ; to advert to.

Al-lure' (Xl-lur'), v. t. [Allured (-lurd') ; Al-
luring.] To attempt to draw to ; to decoy ; to
seduce. — Al-lur'ing, a. Having power to al-
lure ; enticing. — Al-lure'ment, n. That which
allures or entices ; temptation.

Al-lu'sion (al-lu'zhuu), n. Indirect reference. —
Al-lu'slvo (-siv), a. Hinting at ; referring to
indirectly.

Al-lu'vi-on (ai-lu'vT-un), Al-lu'Vl-um (-um), n.
Earth deposited by water. — Al-lu'vi-al (-vi-al),
a. Pertaining to or composed of alluvium ; of
fresh-water origin.

Al-ly' (51-11'), v. t. [Allied (-lid') ; Allying.]
To unite by treaty, league, friendship, marriage,
etc. — n. One united to another by any tie ; a
confederate.

HAl'ma Ma'ter (51'ma ma'ter). [L., fostering
mother.] The college or seminary where one is
educated.

Al'ma-nac (al'ma-nXk), n. A calendar of days,
weeks, months, etc.

Al-might'y (al-mlt'j-), a. All-powerful ; omnipo-
tent. — n. God ; the Supreme Being.

Alm'ond (a'miind), n. Fruit of the almond tree ;
one of two glands, called tonsils, in the throat.

Al'mon-er (51'mun-er), n. One who distributes
alms for another.

Al'most (al'most), adv. Nearly ; well-nigh ; for
the greatest part.

Alms (amz), n. pi. Anything given to relieve
the, poor; charity. — Alms'nouse/ (-hous'), n.
A house for the care of the poor.

Al'oe(aTo), n. ; pi. Aloes (-oz). An evergreen
herbaceous plant; pi. the thickened cathartic
juice of several species of aloe. — APo-et'lc
(-St'Tk), Al'O-et'ic-al (-T-kol), a. Pertaining to
or having qualities of aloes.

A-loft' (a-15ff), adv. On high ; above the deck.

A-lone' (a-lon'), a. Single ; solitary. — adv. Sep-
arately ; only.

A- long' (a-long'), adv. Lengthwise ; onward ; for-
ward ; together, —prep. By the length of. —
A-long'side7 adv. By the side of (a ship).

A-loof ' (a-looP), adv. At or from a distance;
apart. — prep. At or to a distance from ; away.

A-loud' (a-loud'), adv. With a loud noise ; loudly.

Alp (Sip), n. A high mountain ; pi. the elevated

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

ALPINE

12

AMBER

mountain ranges of Switzerland. — Al' pine
(Sl'pin or -pin), a. Pertaining to the Alps ;
lofty.— Al'pen-StOCk' (-pen-st5k'), n. A staff
used in mountain-
climbing.

Al-pac'a (al-pak'a),
n. Peruvian sheep
or llama ; cloth
made of its wool.

Al'pha (SI 'fa), n.
First letter of the
Greek alphabet. —
Al'pha-bet (-fa-
bet), n. The let-
ters of a language
arranged in order.

— v. t. To arrange
in the order of an
alphabet. — AP-

pha-bet'ic (-bet'ik), Al'pha-bet'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Pertaining to, or in the order of, the alphabet.

— APpha-bet'ic-al-ly, adv.
Al'pine, a. See under Alp, n.
Al-read/y (al-red'y), adv. At or before this time ;

now ; previously.

Al'so (al'so), adv. & conj. In like manner ; like-
wise ; too.

Al'tar (al'ter), n. A table to receive offerings
to some deity ; the
Christian communion
table.

Al'ter (al'ter), v. t. & i.
[Altered (-terd);
Altering.] To
change ; to vary. —
Al'ter-a-ble, a. Capa-
ble of being altered. —
Al'ter- a -ble-ness,
Alter-a-bil'i-ty (aP-

ter-a-bTl'T-ty), n. —
Al'ter-a-bly, adv —
Al'ter-ant (-ant), a.
Producing gradual
change, —n. Medi-
cine which gradually corrects the state of the
body ; an alterative. — APter-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. An altering ; change made. — Al'ter-a-tive
(-a-tlv), a. Having power to restore the healthy
functions of the body without sensible evacua-
tions. — n. Medicine having these effects.

Al'ter-cate (51 ' ter - kat), v. i. To contend in
words ; to wrangle. — APter-ca'tion (-ka'shun),
n. Warm contention ; controversy ; dispute.

Al-ter'nate (51-ter'nat), a. Being by turns ; one
after another ; reciprocal. — n. That which hap-
pens by turns ; vicissitude ; a substitute. — Al'-
ter-nate (51'ter- or 51-ter'nat), v. t. To per-
form by turns, or in succession ; to change re-
ciprocally. — v. i. To happen or to act by turns.

— Al-ter'nate-ly (-teVnat-iy), adv. — APter-
na'tlon (-na'shun), n. An alternating ; recip-
rocal succession ; permutation. — Al - ter ' na-
tive (Sl-ter'na-tTv), a. Offering a choice of two
tilings. — n. Choice of two things. — Al-ter'-
na-tive-ly, adv. — Al-ter'na-tive-ness, n.

Al-the'a (51-the'a), n. Plant of the Mallow family.

Although' (al-tho'), conj. Grant all this ; sup-
pose that ; notwithstanding.

Al'ti-tude (al'tT-tud), n. Height ; elevation.

Al'to (51'to), n. A musical part sung by the lowest
female voices ; in instrumental music, the tenor.

APtO-geth'er (aPldo^eWer), adv. With united
action ; conjointly ; wholly ; completely ; with-
out reserve.

APtTU-ism (al'tr66-Tz'm), n. Regard for others'
interests. — AHru-is'tic (-Ts'tlk), a. Unselfish.

Al'um (al'um), n. An astringent mineral sub-
stance. — APum-ish, n. Having the nature of
alum. — A-ln'mi-nous (a-lii'mi-niis), a. Per-
tainining to, or containing, alum or alumina.

A-lu'mi-na (a-lu'mT-na), n. One of the earth?,
containing aluminum.

APu-min'i-um (aPu-mTn'T-um), A-lu'mi-num (a-
lu'mT-uum), n. Metallic base of alumina ; a
very light, white metal, not easily oxidized.

I'A-lum'nus (a-lum'nils), n. ; pi. Alumni (-ni). A
pupil ; a graduate of a college or seminary.

APve-a-ry (al've-a-ry), n. A beehive ; hollow of
the external ear. — APve-O-lar (al've- or al-ve'-
6-lar), a. Having, or like, cells or sockets.

APvine (51'vTn or -vin), a. Pertaining to the
belly or intestines.

APway (al'wa), Al'ways (al'waz), adv. Per-
petually ; continually ; invariably.

Am (am). 1st person sing, indie, of Be.

A-main' (a-man'), adv. Violently and suddenly ;
vigorously.

A-maPgam (a-mal'gam), n. A compound of mer-
cury with another metal. — A-maPga-mate
(-ga-mat), v. t. To mix (quicksilver) with an-
other metal ; to mingle, so as to make a com-
pound. — v. i. To unite in an amalgam ; to coa-
lesce. — A-maPga-ma'tion (-ga-ma'shun), n.
An amalgamating ; mixture.

A-man'U-en'sis (a-mSn'u-en'sis), n. A writer of
what another dictates ; a copyist.

Am'a-ranth (5m'a-r5nth), n. An annual plant
with showy flowers ; a fabled unfading flower ;
a purplish color. — Am a-ran'thine (-rSn'thin),
n. Like amaranth ; unfading ; purplish.

A-mass' (a-mas'), v. t. [Amassed (-mast');
Amassing.] To collect into a mass or heap ;
to accumulate ; to gather. — A-mass'ment. n.
A heap ; an accumulation.

AnPa-teur' (am'a-ter' or Sm'a-tuV), n. One
fond of some study or art.

Am'a-tive (5m'a-tTv), a. Full of love ; amorous ;
amatory. — Am'a-tive-ness, «. — AnPa-to'ri-al
(-to'rl-al), Am'a-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Relating to,
induced by, or expressive of, love.

llAm'an-ro'sis (Srn'a-ro'sTs), n. Loss or decay
of sight, without visible defect in the eye. —
Am au-rot'ic (-rSt'Tk), a. Affected with, or re-
sembling, amaurosis.

A-maze' (a-maz'), v. t. [Amazed (-mazd') ; Amaz-
ing.] To confound ; to astonish, —n. Astonish-
ment; perplexity; amazement. — A-maz'ed-P'
(-Sd-iy), adv. With amazement. — A-maz'ed
ness, n ■ — A-maze'ment (-maz'nient), n. Fee)
ing of surprise and wonder ; admiration ; per-
plexity ; confusion. — A-maz'ing-ly, adv. In
an amazing degree.
Am'a-zon (5m'a-z5n), n. A warlike or masculine
woman; virago. — Ama-ZO'ni-an (-zo^nT-an). a.
Pertaining to an Amazon, or to the River Ama-
zon or the country it traverses.
Am-bas'sa-dor (5m-b5s'sa-der). n. An envoy of
the highest rank. See Embassador. — Am-bas'-
sa-dress (-dies), n. A female ambassador ; wife
of an ambassador.
Am'ber (Sm'ber), n. A yellowish fossil resin. —
a. Consisting of, or reseniblirg, amber.

a, e, 1, 0, u, long , a, e, I, 6, H, y, short ; senate, event, idea, 6bey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

Altar.

AMBERGRIS

13

AMPHIBOLOGY

AmHiftT-grls (am'ber-gres), ra. A fragrant waxy
secretion of the intestines of the sperm whale,
used in perfumery.

Am'bi-dex'ter (am'bT-deks'ter), ra. One who uses
both hands with equal facility ; a double-dealer.

— Am/M-dex-ter'i-ty (-ter'I-ty), n. Power of
using both hands with equal ease ; double-deal-
ing. — Am'bi-dex'tTOUS (-dgks'trus), a. Using
both hands equally ; tricky.

Am'bi-ent (Sm'bT-eut), a. Encompassing ; sur-
rounding ; investing.

Am-big'U-OUS (am - big ' u - us), a. Of uncertain
meaning ; doubtful ; equivocal. — Am - big ' U -
ous-ly, adv. — Am-big'u-ous-ness, Am'bi-gu'i-
ty (5m'bT-gu'T-ty), ra.

Am'bit (Sm'bTt), ra. Circuit or compass.

Am-bi'tion (Xra-bTsh'un), ra. Eager desire of pre-
ferment, honor, or power ; aspiration ; greedi-
ness.— Am-bi'ti0US (-bTsh'us), a. Possessing,
moved by, or indicating, ambition. — Am-bi'-
tious-ly, adv. — Am-bi'tious-ness, ra.

Am'ble(am'b'l),7;. i. [Ambled (-b'ld) ; Ambling.]
To move with the gait called an amble ; to pace.

— ra. A gait of a horse, in which both legs on
one side move at once. — Am'bler (-bier), ra.
A horse which ambles ; a pacer.

Am-bro'sia (Sm-bro'zha or -zhT-a), ra. The fabled
food of the gods, which conferred eternal youth ;
a genus of plants. — Am-bro'sial (-zhal or -zhT-
al), a. Resembling ambrosia ; delicious.

Am'bU-lance (aui'bu-lans), ra. A flying hospital ;
a vehicle for the sick
or wounded. — Am'-
bu-lant, a. Walk-
ing; moving from
place to place. —
Am'bu-la'tion (-la'-

shun), ra. Act of
walking. — Am'bu-

la-to-ry (-bu-la-t6-

rf),a. Able to walk;

walking ; movable ;

alterable. — ra. Part of a building intended for

walking in, as aisles of a church or a portico.

Am'bus-cade' (am'bus-kad'), ra. A hiding, or
hiding place, for troops about to surprise an
enemy; ambush, — v. t. To lie in wait; to at-
tack from concealment.

Am'bush (am'bdosh), n. Act or place of lying in
wait to attack ; troops hidden in ambush. — v. t.
[Ambushed (-bdosht) ; Ambushing.] To lie in
wait for ; to surprise ; to place in ambush.

HA-meer', A-mir' (a-mer'), ra. Same as Emir.

A-mel'iO-rate (a-mel'yo-rat), v. t. To make bet-
ter ; to improve. — v. i. To grow better ; to
meliorate. — A-mel io-ra'tion ( - ra ' shun ), ra.
Improvement. — A-mel'io-ra'tlve (-ra'tlv), a.
Producing amelioration.

A'men' (a'mgn' ; in singing, aVmgn'). [Heb.,
firm, true.] An expression used at the end of
prayers, meaning, So be it, truly, or verily. — n.
Truth. — v. t. To sanction fully.

A-me'na-ble (a-me'na-b'l), a. Liable to be
brought to account or punishment ; answerable ;
responsible; submissive. — A-me'na-bil'i-ty
(-me'na-bTl'T-t^), A-me'na-ble-ness, n.

A-mend' (a-mgnd'), v. t. & i. To change for the
better. — A-mend'a-to-ry (-a-to-r^), a. Con-
taining amendment ; corrective. — A - mend ' -
ment, n. A change for the better ; reforma-
tion ; recovery ; a change in a legislative bill or

Ambulance.

motion. — A-mends' (a-m8ndz'), n. Compensa-
tion for loss or injury ; satisfaction ; equivalent.
A mende' (a/m'aNd'), ra. [F.] A pecuniary fine ;
reparation ; retraction.

A-men'i-ty (a-men'T-ty), ra. Agreeableness.

Am'ent (am'Snt), ra. A sort of spike, in the alder,
birch, etc. ; a catkin.

A-merce' (a-rners'), v. 1. [Amerced (a-mersf) ;
Amercing.] To punish by a fine fixed by the
court; to mulct. — A-merce'a-ble, a. Liable
to amercement or fine. — A-merce'rnent, ra. A
fine by a court.

A-mer'i-can (a-mer'T-kan), a. Pertaining to
America, esp. to the United States, —ra. A na-
tive of America or citizen of the United States.

— A-mer'i-can-ism (-Tz'm), n. A word or idiom
peculiar to America ; love of Americans for their
own country, its interests, etc. — A-mer'i-cail-
ize (-iz), v. t. To render American.

Am'e-thyst (am'e-thlst), ra. A species of quartz,
of a violet color. — Am' e-thys'tine (-thls'tin),
a. Composed of, or like, amethyst.

A'ml-a-ble (a'mT-a-b'l), a. Worthy of love ;
charming ; delightful. — A'mi-a-bil'i-ty (-bil'-
T-tyl, A'mi-a-ble-ness, ra. — A'mi-a-bly, adv.

Am i-an'thus (Sm/I-Sn'thiis), ra. An incombus-
tible mineral substance resembling flax.

Am'i-ca-ble (am'T-ka-b'l), a. Friendly; peace-
able; kind. — Am'i-ca-ble-ness, Am/i-ca-bil'-
i-ty (-bTPT-ty), ra. — Am'i-ca-bly, adv.

A-mid' (a-midO, A-midst' (-midst'), prep. In
the midst or middle ; among. — A-mid'sMps,
adv. Midway between stem and stern.

A-mir' (a-mer'), ra. Same as Emir, ra.

Amiss' (a-mts'), a. Wrong; faulty; out of order.

— adv. Wrongly; improperly.

Am'i-ty (Sm't-ty), ra. Friendship ; harmony.

Am-mo'ni-a (am-mo'nT-a), ra. A volatile alkali ;
spirit of hartshorn. — Am-mo'ni-ac (-nT-ak),
Am mo-ni'ac-al (-nl'a-kal), a. Pertaining to or
like ammonia. — Am-mo'ni-ac, ra., or Gum am-
moniac Concrete juice of a Persian plant.

Am/mu-ni'tion (aui'mu-msh'un), ra. Military
stores, as powder, balls, shot, etc.

Am-ne'si-a (am-ne'si-a or -zT-a), ra. Forgetful-
ness ; misemployment of words.

Am'nes-ty (am'ngs-t^), ra. General pardon of
offenses. — v. t. [Amnestdsd (-tid) ; Amnesty-
ing.] To pardon.

A-mong' (a-miing'), A-mongSt' (-mungsf), prep.
Mixed or associated with.

Am'O-rous (5m'o-rus), a. Inclined to love ; en-
amored ; passionate. — Am'0-IOUS-ly, adv. —
Am'o-rous-ness, ra.

A-mor'phous (a-m6r'fiis), a. Having no determi-
nate form or character ; anomalous.

A-mor'tlze (a-m&r'tTz), v. t. To alienate in mort-
main, that is, to convey (land, etc.) to a corpora-
tion. — A-mor'ti-za'tion (-tT-za'simn), A-mor'-
tize-ment, ra. Act or right of alienating lands to
a corporation ; extinction of debt, esp. by means
of a sinking fund. [Spelled also amortise, etc.]

A-mount' (a-mount')» v. i. To come in the ag-
gregate or whole; to be equivalent. — ra. Sum
total ; effect, substance, or result.

A-mour' (a-moor'), ra. A love intrigue.

Am-phib'i-an (Sm-fib'T-rm), n. An amphibious ani-
mal. — Am-phib'i-ous (-us), a. Able to live in
both air and water ; partaking of two natures.

— Am-phib'i-ous-ness, ra.
Am'phi-bol'O-gy (Sm'fT-bSl'o-jy), a. Ambiguous

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

AMPHIBOLOUS

14

ANCIENT

discourse or proposition. — Am - phib ' 0 - lous
(Sm-fTt/o-lus), a. Of doubtful meaning.

Amphi-the'a-ter, or -tre (aWf I-the'a-ter), n. An
oval or circular edifice for public sports.

|[Am'phO-ra ( 5m ' f 6 - ra ), n. An ancient two-
handled vessel for wine, oil, etc.

Am'ple (5m/p'l), a. Of large size, extent, capac-
ity, or bulk ; abundant ; plenteous. — Am'ply
(-ply), adv. Fully ; abundantly. — Am'pli-fy
(-plT-fi), v. t. & i. [Amplified (-fid) ; Amplify-
ing.] To enlarge ; to treat copiously ; to dilate ;
to exaggerate. — Am' pli - li - ca ' tion (-fT-ka'-
shun), n. An amplifying ; enlargement ; exag-
gerated description or diffuse narration. — Am'-
pli-tude (-plT-tud), n. Largeness; extent:
range ; capacity ; abundance.

Am'pu-tate (am'pu-tat), v. t. To cut off (a limb,
etc. Y — Am'pu-ta'tion (-ta'shiin), n. A cutting
off (a limb).

A-muck' (a-muk'), a. & adv. In a frenzied man-
ner; recklessly. — To run amuck. To rush
out frantically, attacking. all comers.

Am'u-let (5in'ii-lgt), n. Something worn to pre-
vent evil ; a charm.

A-muse' (a-inuV), v. t. [Amused (-muzd') ; Amus-
ing.] To entertain agreeably; to divert; to
delude. — A-muse'ment, n. That which amu-
ses ; entertainment ; sport. — A-mu'sive (-mu7-
ziv or -siv), n. Capable of amusing ; pleasing.

A-myg'da-late (a-mTg'da-lat), a. Made of alm-
onds. — n. An emulsion made of almonds. —
A-myg'da-line (-lin), a. Pertaining to almonds.

Am'y-la'ceous (ani'i-la'shiis), a. Pertaining to
or containing starch ; starchy.

All (an). One ; any ; — same as a, the indefinite
article, used before a vowel sound.

An'a-bap'tist (an'a-bSp'tTst), n. One of a Chris-
tian sect which disallows infant baptism.

HAn'a-bas (an'a-bas), n. A kind of fish which
walks on land
and climbs.

An-ach/ro-nism
(5n-5k'rS-
niz'm), n. Er-
ror in chronol-
ogy . —Att-
ach/ro-nis 'tic
(-nls'tik), a. Involving an anachronism.

An'a-COn'da (aVa-kon'da), n. A large South
American snake of the Boa family.

HAn'aes-the'si-a (an'es-the'zhi-a or -sT-a), llAn'-
aes-the'sis (-the'sis), n. Insensibility produced
by inhaling chloroform, etc. — An aes-thet'ic
(-the"t'Tk), a. Causing or characterized by in-
sensibility. — n. That which produces insensi-
bility, as chloroform, etc.

An'a-glyph (an'a-gllf ), n. An embossed Or chased
ornament.

An'a-gOg'ic-al (an'a-goj'T-kal), a. Mysterious;
mystical ; spiritual.

An'a-gram (aVa-grXm), n. Transposition of the
letters of a name, so as to form a new word.

A'nal (a/nal), a. Belonging to the anus or lower
opening of the alimentary canal.

An'a-lep'tic (an'a-lep'ttk), a. Invigorating ; giv-
ing strength after disease. — a. A restorative
medicine.

A-nal'0-gy (a-nSl'o-jy), n. Agreement between
things which are in most respects entirely dif-
ferent. — A-nal'O-gize (-6-jIz), V. t. To explain
by analogy. —A-naPo-gOUS (-gus), a. Having

Anabas.

analogy; correspondent. — An'a-logue (Sn'a-
15g), n. A thing analogous to some other thing.
— An'a-log'ic-al (an'a-loj'I-kal), n. According
to, or founded on, analogy.

A-naPy-SiS (a-nal'T-sis), n ; pi. Analyses (-sez).
The resolution of a thing into its constituent
or original elements ; — opposed to synthesis. —
An'a-lyst (an'a-list), n. One who analyzes. —
An'a-lyt'ic (-lTt'Ik), -ic-al (-T-kal), a. Of the
nature of, or fond of, analysis. — An'a-lyt'ic-
al-ly, adv. — An'a-lyt'ics, n. Science of analy-
sis. — An'a-lyze (5n f a - liz), v. t. [Analyzed
(-lizd) ; Analyzing.] To resolve into first prin-
ciples or elements. — An'a-lyz'er, n.

An'am-nes'tiC (an'am-nes'tTk), a. Aiding the
memory.

An'a-pest, An'a-past (an'a-pgst), n. A metrical
foot of 2 short and 1 long syllables (w " ~); a
verse composed of such feet. — An'a-pest'ic
(-pest'Tk), An'a-pest'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, or consisting of, anapests.

An'arch (Sn'ark), n. Author of anarchy. — An'-
arch-ist, n. One who promotes disorder or
would overthrow civil government. — A n ' -
arch-y (-ark-y), n. Want of government ; law-
lessness ; confusion. — A-nar'chic (a-naVkik),
A-nar'chic-al ( - ki - kal ), a. Without govern-
ment ; confused.

HA-nas'tro-phe (a-naVtro-fe), n. Inversion of the
natural order of words ; as, echoed the hills, for
the hills echoed.

A-nath'e-ma (a-n£th'e-ma), n. Ecclesiastical
curse ; excommunication ; person or thing anath-
ematized.— A-nath'e ma-tize (-ma-tiz), v. t.
[Anathematized (-tizd) ; Anathematizing.]
To denounce with curses.

A-nat'O-my (a-nat'o-my), n. A dissecting; the
science of the structure of organic bodies ; the
thing dissected ; a skeleton. — A-nat'O-mist. n.
One skilled in anatomy. — A-nat'o-mize. v. t.
[Anatomized (-mizd) ; Anatomizing.] To dis-
sect ; to lay open the interior structure of ; to
analyze. — An'a-toni'ic (an ' a - torn ' Tk), An'a-
tom'ic-al (-I-kal), a. Belonging to anatomy or
dissection. — An'a-tom'ic-al-ly, adv.

An'ces-tor (an'sgs-ter), n. One from whom a
person is descended ; a forefather ; progenitor.
— An'ces-try (-try), n. A series of ancestors;
lineage ; descent. — An-ces'tral (5n-ses'tral), a.
Relating to, or descending from, ancestors.

An'chor (an'ker), n. An instrument for holding
a vessel at rest in water ; firm
support, —v.t. [Anchored
(-kerd) ; Anchoring.] To place
at anchor ; to fasten ; to fix. — i
v. i. To cast anchor ; to come
to anchor ; to stop ; to rest. —
An'chor-age (-aj), n. A ,An*h"- ,

place where a ship can an- ■yggjiififfi
chor ; anchor and necessary
tackle ; charge for anchoring in a harbor.

An'cho-ret (an'ko-rgt), An'cho-rite (-rit), n. A

hermit ; a recluse ; a monk.
rSs), n. A female hermit.

An-cho'vy (5n-
cho'vy), n. A
small sea fish of
the Herring fam-
ily, used in sea-
soning.

An'cient (an'shent), a. Old

l'cho-ress (-ko-

^-H,

Anchovy.

of former times

of

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ANCIENTLY

15

ANKLET

great age ; antiquated ; obsolete. — n. pi. Those
who lived in former ages, as opposed to the
moderns; very old men ; governors. — An'cient-
ly, adv.

An/cil-la-ry (an'sil-ht-ry), a. Subservient or sub-
ordinate, like a handmaid.

And (Snd), conj. A particle expressing addition,
and used to connect words or sentences.

HAn-dan'te (an-dan'ta or an-dan'te), a. [It.]
In music, rather slow ; moderate, —re. A move-
ment or piece in andante time.

And/iron (andl'urn), n. A utensil for support-
ing wood in a fireplace ; a firedog.

An-drog'y-nal (an - droj ' I - nal), An-drog'y-nons
(-nu.i), n. Having both sexes ; hermaphrodite.

An'ec-dote (an'ek-dot), a. A short story or inci-
dent. — An'ec-dot'ic-al (-dot'T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to anecdotes.

An'e mol'O-gy (an'e-mol'o-jy), n. The doctrine
of winds, or a treatise on them.

Ane-mom'e-ter (an'e-inom'e-ter), n. An instru-
ment tor measur-

ing the force and

-l=_r-

Anernorneter.

velocity of the iw.^^CggPX

A-nem'o-ne (a-
nein'6-ne), n. A
plant of the Crow-
foot family; wind-flower,

A-nem'0-SCOpe (a-neui'6-skop), n. A weather-
cock ; a register of changes of the wind.

An'e-roid (an'e-roid), n. Dispensing with the use
of quicksilver. — n. A watch-shaped barometer.

An'eu-rism (5n'u-rTz'm), n, A soft, pulsating
tumor, caused by enlargement of an artery.

A-new' (a-nu'), adv. Newly ; over again ; afresh.

An'gel (an'jel), n. A divine messenger ; minis-
tering spirit ; ancient gold coin of England. —
Angel fish. A species of shark, having large
pectoral fins, which
extend horizon-
tally, like wings. —
An-gel'ic(5n-jel'-
Tk), An-gel'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Of or
pertaining to an-
gels. — An-gel'ic-
al-ly, adv.

An'ger (Sn'ger), n.
Strong passion ex-
cited by injury ; in
dignation; wrath;
mL'a. — v. t. [An-
gered (-gerd);
Angering.] To ex- AnSel Flsh-

cite to anger ; to provoke ; to vex ; to displease.

HAn-gi'na (an-ji'na or Sn'jT-na), n. [L.] Inflam-
lii a»- ion of the throat. — i Angina pectoris
(pek'to-ris). A distressing affection of the
chest : breast pang.

An'gle (Sn'g'l), n. A corner
tion of two lines or planes ;
fishing tackle. — r. i. [An-
gled (Sn'gl'd) ; Angling.]
To fish with line and
hook ; to use bait or arti-
fice ; to intrigue. — An'-
gler, n. One who fishes
with a hook ; a kind of
fish ; fishing frog. — An'-
gle-wise, adv. Angularly.

difference of direc-
C

A

CAE Right Angle ;
CAD Acute Angle ;
BAE Obtuse Angle.

— An'gle- worm' (-wGrui'), n. An earthworm
used lor bait.

An'gli-can (an'gll -kan), a. English.— n. A
member of tiie church of England ; an Episco-
palian. — An'gli-can-ism (-Tz:ui), n. Attach-
ment to England or to the English church. —
An'gli-cism (-slz'm), n. English idiom or ex-
pression. — An'gli-cize (-siz), v. t. [Angli-
cized (-sizd) ; Anglicizing. ] To render into
English ; to conform to English idiom or usage.
An'gli-ce (an/gll-se), adv. In English; in the
English manner.

An'gry (an'gry), a. [Angrier (-gri-er) ; An-
griest.] Inflamed ; moved with anger ; resent-
ful ; indignant ; hot ; raging ; furious ; inf uri-
ated. — An'gTi-ly (-grT-ly), adv.

An'guish (an'gwlsh), n. Extreme pain ; agony ;
torture ; torment.

An'gU-lar (an'gu-ler), a. Having or consisting of
an angle; forming an angle. — An'gU-lar'i-ty
(-15r'i-ty), n. Quality of being angular. — An'-
gU-lar-ly (-ler-ly), adv. With angles ; in the
direction of the angles. — An'gU-late (-lat),
An'gU-la'ted (-la'ted), a. Formed with angles.

An'he-la'tion (an'he-la'shun), n. Shortness of
breath.

An-hy'drous (an-hi'drus), a. Destitute of water.

An'il (an'Tl), n. A West India plant ; indigo dye.

— An'i-line (an'l-lln or -lin), n. A dye obtained
from indigo, also from jcoal tar. — a. Made
from, or of the nature of, aniline.

An'ile (anil), a. Old-womanish ; imbecile ; dull.

— A-nil'i-ty (a-nTl'I-ty), An'ile-ness, n. Do-
tage.

An'i-mad-verr (an'T-mSd-vert'), v. i. To turn
the mind ; to remark by way of criticism or cen-
sure ; to comment. — An/i-mad-ver'sion (- veV-
shun), n. Criticism ; censure ; comment ;
blame. — An'i-mad-ver'sive (-ver'sTv), a. Hav-
ing the power of perceiving.

An'i-mal (5n'T-m(/l),«. An organized living being
endowed with sensation and power of voluntary
motion ; an irrational being. — a. Pertaining to
animals. — An'i-mal-ism (-Tz'm), n. The state
of mere animals ; brutishness. — An'i-mal-ize
(-Iz), t\ t. To give animal life or properties to ;
to regard as merely animal or sentient. — An-i-
mal'i-ty (an-T-mai'T-ty), n. Animal existence.

An i-mal'cnle (an'T-mai'kiii), lAn'i-mal'cu-lum
(-ku-lum), n. ; pi. Animalcdla (-la). An animal
invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. — An'-
1-mal'cu-lar (-ku-ier), An'i-mal'cu-line ( - kfi -
lTn), a. Pertaining to animalcules.

An'i-mate (Sn'T-mat). v. t. To give natural life,
spirit, or vigor to ; to enliven ; to stimulate ; to
inspire ; to cheer ; to gladden, —a. Alive ; pos-
sessing animal life. — An'i-ma'ted, a. Full
of life ; spirited. — An'i-ma'tion (-ma'shun), n.
An animating, or the state of being animated ;
vivacity ; spirit ; liveliness ; promptness.

An'i-mism (Sn'T-inTz'm), n. The doctrine that the
soul is the principle of life and bodily develop-
ment. — An'i-mist. v. A believer in animism.

An'i-mos'i-ty (Xn'T-mosT-ty), n. Violent hatred;
active enmity ; malignity.

An'i-mns (an'T-mQs), n. [L.] Intention; pur-
pose ; spirit.

An'ise (an'Ts). n. A plant bearing aromatic seeds.

An'kle (Sn^kl). n. The joint connecting foot and
leg. — Antlet (-klet), n. An ornament worn
on the ankle.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foTot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ANNALS

16

ANTEMUNDANE

An'nalS (Sn'nalz), n. pi. A chronological history ;
chronicles. — An'nal-ist, n. A writer of annals ;
historian ; chronicler.

An-neal' (an-nel'), v. t. [Annealed (-neld') ; An-
nealing.] To heat (glass or metal) nearly to
fluidity, and cool slowly, rendering it less brittle.

An-nex' (an-neks'), v. t. [Annexed (,-neksf) ;
Annexing.] To unite at the end; to subjoin;
to affix. — n. Something appended; an exten-
sion of a building. — An'nex-a'tion (-a'shun),
An-nex'ion (-nek'shiiu), n. An annexing ; ad-
dition ; union.

An-ni'hi-late (an-ni'hT-lat), v. t. To reduce to
nothing ; to destroy the form or peculiar distinc-
tive properties of. — An-ni/hi-la'tion (-la'shuu),
n. Destruction.

All' ni-ver'sa-ry (an'nT-ver'sa-ry), a. Returning
with tiie year ; annual ; yearly, — n. A day cele-
brated each year.

An'no-tate (an'no-tat), v. i. To make annota-
tions, comments, or remarks. — An'no-ta'tion
(-ta'shiin), n. An explanatory note. — An/no-
ta'tor (-ta'ter), n. A commentator.

An-not'to (an-not'to), n. A red vegetable dye,
used to color cheese, butter, etc.

An-nounce' (an-nouns'), v. t. [Announced
(-nounsf); Announcing {-noun'slng).] To give
notice of ; to make known ; to publish ; to ad-
vertise. — An-nounce'ment, n. An announ-
cing ; proclamation ; declaration.

An-noy' (an-noi'), v. t. [Annoyed (-noid') ; An-
noying.] To incommode ; to vex ; to pester ; to
bother; to plague. — n. Annoyance. — An-noy'-
ance (-noi'ans), n. Disturbance ; molestation ;
injury ; bore.

All'nu-al (au'u-al), a. Happening every year;
yearly ; continuing only one year or season. —
n. A thing happening yearly ; a work published
once a year ; a plant that lives but one season.

— An'nu-al-ly, adv. Yearly ; year by year.
All-nu'i-ty (an-nu'T-ty), n. A yearly allowance of

money. — An-nu'i-tant, n. A person who has an
annuity.

An-llUl' (an-nul'), v. I. [Annulled (-nuld') ; An-
nulling.] To make void or of no effect ; to nul-
lify ; to abolish ; to cancel ; to set aside. — An-
nulment, n. An annulling.

An'nu-lar (5n'u-lar), An'nu-la-ry (-la-ry), a.
Having the form of a ring; round. —An'nu-
la ted (-la'ted), a. Having rings or belts. — An'-
nu-let, n. A little ring. — An'nu-lose7 (-u-los'),
a. Furnished with, or composed of, rings.

An-nun'ci-ate (an-nun'shT-at), v. t. To announce.

— An-nun'Ci-a'tion (-si- or -shT-a'shun), n. An
announcing ; a church festival (March 25), com-
memorating the angel's announcement of Christ's
approaching birtli to the Virgin Mary.

An'O-dyne (an'6-din), n. Medicine which allays
pain. — a. Assuaging pain ; opiate ; narcotic.

A-noint' (a-noint'), v. t. To pour oil upon ; to
consecrate by unction ; to smear or daub. —
A-noint'ed, n. The Messiah. — A-noint'ment,
n. An anointing.

A-nom'a-ly (a-nom'a-ly), n. A deviation from the
common rule or from analogy ; an irregularity.

— A-nom'a-lism (-liz'm), n. A deviation from
rule ; anomaly. — A - nom ' a - lis ' tic (-ITs'tTk),
A-nom'a-lis'tlc-al (-tT-krtl), a. Irregular.—
A-nom'a-lOUS (-a-liis), a. Deviating from rule ;
abnormal ; irregular. — A-nom'a-loUS-ly, adv.

A-non' (a-n5n'), adv. Quickly ; immediately ; at

another time ; again. — Ever and anon. Now
and then ; frequently ; often.

A-non'y-ttlOUS (a-non'i-inus), a. Wanting a name ;
without the author's real name ; nameless. —
A-non'y-mous-ly, adv.

An-Oth'er (5n-uth'er), a. Not the same ; differ-
ent ; one more ; any other.

A-not'ta (a-not'ta), n. See Annotto.

An'sa-ted (an'sa-ted), a. Having a handle.

An'ser-ine (an'ser-In), a. Pertaining to, or re-
sembling, a goose, or its skin.

An'swer (an'ser), v. t. [Answered (-serd) ; An-
swering.] To speak or write in return to; to
refute ; to comply with ; to face ; to suit ; to
atone for. — v. i. To reply ; to account ; to suit ;
to conform. — n. A reply ; return ; solution. —
An'SWer-a-Dle (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being an-
swered ; liable to answer; accountable; suita-
ble.— An' swer- a- ble- ness, n. — An'swer-
a-bly (-a-bly), adv. Suitably ; agreeably.

An't (ant). Colloq. contr. of am not, are not, is not.

Ant (ant), n. An emmet ; pismire. — Ant'-eat'er
(ant'e'ter),
n. A tropic-
al Ameri-
can animal
that feeds on
ants.

An-tag'o-nize
(an-tag'6-.
niz), v. i. To
act in oppo-
s i t i o n ; to
contend. — An-tag'O-nism ( - 6 - nTz'm ), n. Op-
position of action ; contest. — An-tag'o-nist, n.
One who contends with another ; an enemy ;
adversary ; opponent ; foe. — An-tago-nis'tic
(-nis'tTk), a. Opposing ; hostile , acting in op-
position.

An-tal'giC (an-t51'jik), a. Alleviating pain. — n.
Medicine which relieves pain.

Ant-arc'tic (ant-ark'tik), a. Opposite to the
northern or arctic pole ; relating to the south-
ern pole or region near it.

Antar-thrit'ic (ant'ar-thrlt'Tk), a. Counteracting
gout. — n. A remedy against gout.

An'te-Ced'ent (an'te-sed'ent), a. Going before in
time ; prior ; preceding ; foregoing ; previous.

— n. That which goes before. — An'te-ced'-
ent-ly, adv. — An'te-ced'ence (-sed ' ens), An'-
te-ced'en-cy (-en-sy), n. A going before ; pre-
cedence.

An'te-ces'sor (an'te-ses'ser), n. One who goes

before ; predecessor.
An'te-chanVber (an'te-cham'ber), n. A chamber

leading to the chief apartment.
An'te-date (an'te-dat), n. A date before the true

time. — v. I. To anticipate ;

to precede.
An'te-di-lu'vi-an (aVte-dT-lu'-

vT-an), a. Before the deluge.

— n. One who lived, before
the flood.

An'te-lope (5n'te-lop), n. A
ruminant quadruped, inter-

Ant-eater.

Antelope.

mediate between deer and
I goat.

1 An'te-me-rid'i-an (an'tg-me-rTd'T-ffn), a. Being
| before noon.

I An'te-mun'dane (Xu'te-munMan), a. Being be-
I fore the creation of the world.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; i, 6, i, 5, ii, y , short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ANTENNA

17

ANTISCRIPTURAL

a a Antennae,
foretaste ; antici-

iAn'te-pe-nult'i-

An-teil'na (Sn-ten'na), 7i.; pi. Antennb (-ne)
One of an insect's feelers.

An te-nup'tial (an/te-nur/- ,
shal), a. Being before
marriage.

An'te-pas'chal (an'te-pas '-
kal), a. Being before
Eister.

An'te-past (au'te-past), n. A
pation.

Ante-pe'nult (an'te-pe'nult),

ma (-pe-nult'T-ma), n. The last syllable but two
of a word— An'te-pe-nult'i-mate (-mat), a.
Relating to the antepenult. — n. The ante-
penult.

An-te'ri-or (Sn-te'rl-er), a. Before; prior; an-
tecedent ; former ; foregoing. — An-te'ri-or/i-ty
(-5r'T-ty), n. The state of being anterior; pre-
cedence.

An'te-room (5n'te-rodm), n. A room leading to
another ; a waiting room.

An'thel-min'tic (aVthgl-min'tik), a. Destroy-
ing or expelling worms. — n. A vermifuge.

An'them (Sn'thSm), n. Church music adapted to
passages from the Scriptures ; a motet.

An'ther (Sn'ther), n. The tip of the stamen of a
plant, containing the pollen. —
An'ther-al, a. Pertaining to an-
thers. — An'ther-ifer-ous ( - if ' -
er-fis), a. Producing anthers.

An-thol'o-gy (5n-thol'5-jy), n. A
collection of flowers, or of beauti-
ful passages from authors. — An/-
thO-log'ic-al (an'th$-15j'T-kal), a.

An'thra-Cite (£n ' thra - sit), n. A
hard, compact variety of mineral
coal. — An'thra-cit'ic ( - sTV Ik),
a. Pertaining to anthracite.

An'thro-pold (5n'thr6-poid), a. Re-
sembling man. — n. An ourang ;
a gorilla.

An'thro-pol'o-gy (an'thro-poVo-tf)

history of the human species ; science of man, in
his entire nature. — An'thro-po-lOg'ic-al (-po-
lSj'T-kal), a. Pertaining to anthropology.

An'thro-po-mor/phism (aVthro-p6 -mQr'flz'm),
n. Rspresentation of Deity under human form.
— An'thro-po-mor/phous (-moVfus), a. Hav-
ing the figure of man.

llAlVthro-poph'a-gi (Sn'thro-pof 'a-ji), n. pi.
Mui-eaters ; cannibals. — An'thro-poph'a-gy
(-jy)t n. The eating of human flesh ; cannibal-
is n.

An'tic (Sn'tTk), a. Odd ; fanciful ; fantastic. —
n. A buffoon ; odd appearance ; trick ; caper.

An'ti-cnrist (an'tT-krl-st), n. An adversary of
Christ. — Aa ti-chris'tian (-krTs'chan), n. An
opposer of Christianity. — a. Opposing Chris-
tianity.

An-tlc'i-pate (an-tYsT-pat), v. t. To take or do
before another ; to take up beforehand or before
the proper time ; to foresee. — An-tic'i-pa'tor
(-pa'ter), n. — An-tic/i-pa'tion (-pa'shun), n.
An anticipating ; impression of what is to hap-
pen afterward; preconceived opinion. — An-
tic'i-pa-tive (-tTsT-pa-tiv), a. Anticipating,
or containing anticipation. — An-tic'i-pa-to-ry
(-pa-to-r^), a. Forecasting.
An ti-cli'max (an'tT-kli'mSks), n. A sentence or
expression in which the ideas become less strik-
ing, at the close ; — opposite of climax.

ee Anthers.
n. Natural

An ti-cli'nal (an'ti-kli'nal), a. Inclining or slop-
ing in opposite directions. — n. A crest line from
which strata dip in opposite directions ; — called
anticlinal axis.

An'ti-dOte (an'tl-dot), n. A remedy for poison or
other evil. — An'ti-do'tal (-dental), An'ti-do/-
ta-ry (-do'ta-ry), a. Efficacious against poison.

An-ti-feb'rile (au-tT-feVrll), a. Able to allay
fever. — n. Medicine to cure fever.

An'ti-fric'tion (Su'ti-frik'shun), n. Anything
which lessens friction. —a. Reducing friction.

An'ti-mo-nar/cMc-al ( Sn'tT-mo-nar'kl-kal ), a.
Opposed to monarchy.

An'ti-mo-ny (Sn'ti-rno-ny), n. A whitish brittle
metal used in medicine and the arts ; an ore of
the same. — An'ti-mo'Dl-al (-mo'm-al), a. Of
or pertaining to antimony. — n. A preparation
of antimony.

An ti-no'mi-an (5n/tT-no/mT-an), n. One of a
Christian sect which holds good works not es-
sential to salvation. — a. Pertaining to Antino-
mians. — An/ti-no/ml-ail-isin (-Tz'rn), n. The
tenets of Antinomians.

An-tin'O-my (an-tTn'o-mjf), n. ; pi. Antinomies
(-mTz). Contradiction between two laws ; in-
compatibility of thought or language.

An-tip^a-tliy (an-tiya-th^), n. ; pi. Antipathies
( - thtz ). Aversion ; dislike ; repugnance ; dis-
gust. — An'ti-pa-thet'ic (an^T-pa-thSt'Ik), An'-
tl-pa-thet'ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Having aversion.

An'ti-phlo-gis'tic (an'tl-flS-jis'tik), a. Counter-
acting inflammation. — n. Medicine or diet to
check inflammation.

An'ti-phon (an'tl-fon), An-tiph'o-ny (-tTf'S-ny),
n. Alternate or responsive singing; response.
— An-tiph'o-nal (-tif'6-nal), An ' tl - phon 'ic
(-fon'Tk), An'ti-phon'lc-al (-T-kal), a Pertain-
ing to alternate singing. — An-tipn'O-nal, n. A
book of antiphons or anthems.

||An-tlph'ra-sis (an-tif'ra-sTs), n. Use of words
in a sense opposite to the true one. — An'ti-
phras'tic (Sn'tT-frSs'tTk), An'ti-phras'tic-al
(-ti-kal), a. Involving antiphrasis.

An'ti-pode (5n'tf-pod), n.; pi. Antipodes (5n-
tTp'o-dez). One of those on the opposite side
of the globe. — An-tip'O-dal (-6-dal), a. Per-
taining to the antipodes ; diametrically opposed.

An'ti-pope (5n'tT-pop), n. One who usurps the
popedom.

An'ti-py-ret'lc (an'tT-pt-ret'ik), a. Preventive
of fever. — n. A febrifuge.

An'ti-qua'ri-an (Sn'tT-kwa'rwm), a. Pertaining
to antiquity. — n. An antiquary ; a large size of
drawing paper. — An'ti-qua'ri-an-isin (-Tz'm),
n. ^Love of antiquity. — An'ti-qua-ry (Sn'tT-
kwa-ry^), n. One versed in antiquities. — An'tl-
qnate (-kwat), v. t. To make obsolete, old, or
void. — An ' ti - qua ' ted (-kwa'ted), a. Grown
old, or out of fashion ; obsolete ; out of use.

An-tique' (5n-tek'), a. Old ; ancient ; of old fash-
ion. — n. Anything very old ; a relic. — An-
tique'ness, n. — An-tiq'ni-ty ( - tTk ' wT - ty), n.
Ancient times ; people or relics of ancient times ;
great age.

An-tls'cl-ans (an-tTsh'crnz), nAn-tls'ci-i (-T-I),
n. pi. Persons on different sides of the equa-
tor, whose shadows fall in contrary directions.

An'ti-scor-bu'tic (Sn'tT-skor-bu'tTk), An'ti-scor-
bu'tic-al (-tT-k^l), a. Counteracting scurvy.

An'ti-scrip'tur-al (Sn'tT-i-krTr/tur-ol), a. Not ac-
cordant with Scripture.

fSra, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ANTISEPTIC

18

APOSTATIZE

Opposing putre-

An'ti-sep'tic (an'tT-seytTk), a
faction.

An'ti-Slav'er-y (an'tT-slav'er-y), n. Opposition to
slavery. — a. Hostile to slavery.

An ti-spas-mod'ic (an'tT-spaz-mod'Tk), a. Op-
posing spasm. — n. A preventive of convulsions.

An ti-spas'tic (an'tT-spas'tTk), a. Causing a re-
vulsion of fluids or humors ; antispasmodic.

!An-tis'tro-phe (Sn-tTs'tro-fe), n. Repetition of
words in inverse order ; in ancient lyric poetry,
a part of a song or dance alternating with a
stanza called the strophe. — An ' ti - stroph ' ic
(-tT-stroFTk), a. Pertaining to the antistrophe.

An-tlth'e-SiS (ah-tith'e-sls), n. Opposition of
meaning ; contrast. — An'ti-thet'ic (an'tT-theV-
Tk), An'tl-thet'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Contrasting.

An'tl-tox'ln (an'tT-tSksTn), n. Substance used to
inoculate against certain diseases, as diphtheria.

An'ti-type (an'ti-tip), n. That prefigured by the
type. The paschal lamb was a type, of which
Christ is the antitype. — An'ti-typ'ic-al (an'tT-
tTp'i-kerl), a. Relating to, or explaining, a type.

int'ler (ant'ler), n. A branch of a stag's horn.

An'vil (an'vTl), n. An iron block, on which metals
are hammered.

Vnx'ious (ank'-
shus), a. Great-
ly concerned or
solicitous ; d i s-
tressed; dis-
quieted; un-
easy. — Anx'-
iOUS-ly, adv.—
Anx'ious-ness,
Anx-i'e-ty (an-
zi'S-t?), n.
Trouble of
mind ; solicitude ; care.

A'ny (Sn'y), a. One out of many, indefinitely ;
some. — adv. To any extent ; at all.

A'O-rist (a'6-rist), n. A Greek tense, expressing
indeterminate past time.

A-or'ta (£-6r'ta), n. The great artery from the
heart. - A-or'tal (-tol), A-or'tic (-tik), a. Per-
taining to the aorta.

Apace' (a-pas'), adv. Quickly ; hastily ; fast.

HAp'a-gO'ge (ap/a-go'je), n. Indirect argument,
proving a thing by showing the impossibility of
the contrary. — Ap'a-gOg'ic-al (-g5j'i-kal), a.
Proving by apagoge.

A-part' (a-parf), adv. Separately ; aside ; in two
or more parts ; asunder.

A-part'ment (a-p'art'ment), n. A room or set of
connected rooms.

Ap'a-thy (ap'a-thy), n. Want of feeling ; insen-
sibility; unconcern.— Ap'a-thet'iC (-thgt'Tk), a.
Void of feeling; indiff erent. — A p ' a - 1 h i S t
(-thTst), n. One des-
titute of feeling.

Ape (ap), n. A kind of
tailless monkey ; a
mimic, — v.t. [Aped
(apt); Aping.] To
mimic ; to imitate ser-
vilely.— Ap'lsh, n.
Like an ape ; foppish ;
silly. — Ap'lsh- ness,
n. — Ap'er-y (-er-^),
n. Practice of aping ;
mimicry; a place
where apes are kept.

Anvil.

A-peak' (a-pekr), adv. On the point ; perpendic-
ularly.

A-pe/ri-ent (a-pe'rl-ent), a. Tending to open;
gently purgative. — n. A laxative medicine.

Ap'er-ture (Sp'er-tur), n. An opening ; a hole.

Ap'er-y, n. See under Ape, n.

A-pet'al-ons (a-pet'al-us), a. Having no petals.

A'pex (a'peks), n. ; pi. Apexes (-ez); L. Apices
(ap'i-sez). Top, tip, or summit of anything.

II A-phser'e-sis, A-pher'e-sis (a-fer'e-sTs), n. The
taking a letter or syllable from the beginning of
a word.

A-pha'si-a (a-fa'zhT-a), Aph'a-sy (af'a-sy), n.
Loss of the power of speech, without injury to
the vocal organs or the intellect. — A-pha'sic
(a-fa'sik), a. Speechless.

A- ph el' ion (a-fel'yun or -fe'lT-un), n. ; pi. Aphel-
la. (-ya or -lT-a). That point of a planet's orbit
most distant from the sun.

A'phis (a'f Is), n. ; pi. Aphides (af'T-dez). An in-
sect, the vine fretter or plant louse.

Aph'O-ny (af'6-ny), n. Loss of voice.

Aph'o-rism (af'6-rTz'm), n. A precept expressed
in few words ; axiom ; maxim ; adage. — Aph/-
O-rist. n. A writer of aphorisms. — Aph'O-ris'-
tic (-rts'tTk), Aph'o-ris'tic-al (-tT-kal), a. Like
an aphorism.

Aph.' thong (af'thong), n. Letter having no sound.

A'pi-a-ry (a'pT-a- r^), n. A place for keeping bees.

A-piece' (a-pes'), adv. To each ; to the share of
each ; each by itself.

Ap'ish, a. See under Ape, n.

!lA/plomD/ (a'pl6N'), n. Assurance of manner;
self-possession.

A-poc'a-lypse (a-pok'a-lips), n. Revelation ; dis-
covery ; disclosure ; the last book in the Bible.

— A-poc'a-lyp'tic (-ITp'tTk), a. Relating to the
Revelation of St. John ; mysterious.

|! A-pec'O-pe (a-pok'6-pe), n. Omission of the last
letter or syllable of a word. — A-poc'O-pate
(-pat), v. t. To drop the last letter or syllable of.

A-poc'ry-pha (a-pok'rT-fa), n. pi. Books of doubt-
ful authenticity as inspired writings, sometimes
printed with the Old Testament. — A-poc'ry-
phal (-ri-fol), a. Not canonical ; doubtful ; fic-
titious ; spurious.

Ap'od (ap'od), Ap'ode (-od), n. An animal with-
out feet. — Ap'o-dal (-6-dal), a. Having no ieet.

II A-pod'O-sis (a-pod'6-sis), n. A consequent clause
in a conditional sentence, expressing re.wlt.

Ap'O-gee (ap'o-je), n. That point in the moon's
orbit farthest from the earth.

Ap'O-logue (ap'6-log), n. A moral fable.

A-pol'0-gy (a-pol'6-jy), n. Something said to de-
fend what appears to others wrong : an excuse.

— A-pol'o-get'ic (-jet'Tk), A-polo-get'ic-al
(-T-kffl), a. Excusatory or defensive. — A-pol'-
O-gist (-pol'6-jist), n. One who makes apology.

— A-pol'O-gize (-jiz), v. i. To make an apology.
Ap'O-phleg-mat'ic (ap'o-flSg-mSt'Tk), a. Excit-
ing discharges of phlegm or mucus from the
mouth or nostrils.

Ap'oph-thegm (ap'o-them), n. See Apothegm, n.

Ap'0-plex'y (ap'6-pleks'y), n. A disease charac-
terized by sudden loss of sense and motion. —
Apo-plec'tlc (-plSk'tlk), Ap'o-plec'tic-al (tT-
bal), a. Pertaining or predisposed to apoplexy.

A-pos'tate (a-p5s'ttit), n. One who forsakes his
principles or religion. — a. False ; renegade. —
A-pos'ta-sy (-ta-sy), n. Abandonment of one's
faith, principles, or party. — A - pos ' ta - tize

a, 6, 1, 5, ii, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

APOSTEME

19

APPOGGIATURA

party,

(-ta-tiz), v. i. To abandon one's faith
church profession, etc.

Ap'OS-teme (ap'os-tem), ». An abscess ; a sore
filled with purulent matter. — A-pos ' te-mate
(a-pos'te-mat), v. i. To form into an abscess,
and fill with pus. — Ap'OS-tem'a-tOUS (5p/5s-
tgm'a-tus), a. Pertaining to an aposteme.

A-pos'Ue (a-p5s's'l), n. One sent to execute im-
portant business ; one of the twelve disciples
sent by Christ to preach the gospel. — A-pos'-
tle-shlp, n. Office of an apostle. — A-pos'to-late
(-to-lat), n. Mission ; apostleship. — Ap'OS-tol'-
iC (Sp/5s-t51'Tk), Ap'OS-tol'iC-al(-T-kal), a. Per-
taining to the apostles or their doctrines. —
Ap/os-tol'i-cism (-Y-sTz'm), A-pos'to-lic'i-ty
(a-poVto-lis'i-tJ), 7i. State or quality of being
apostolical.

A-pos'tro-phe (a-p5s'tr6-fe), n. A turning away
from real auditors, and addressing an imaginary
one ; contraction of a word by omission of a let-
ter, or the mark ['] which indicates such omis-
sion. — A-pos'tro-pMze (-flz), v. t. [Apostro-
phized (-fizd) ; Apostrophizing.] To address
by apostrophe ; to contract by omitting letters.
— Ap'OS-troph'iC (ap/Qs-trof'ik), a. Pertain-
ing to an apostrophe.

A-potli'e-ca-ry (a-poth'e-ka-r^), ft. A compounder
of medicines ; a druggist.

Ap'o-thegm, Ap'oph-taegm (ap'6-thgm), n. A
short, pithy saying ; a precept ; a maxim. — Ap/-
o-theg-mat'ic (-thgg-mSt'Tk), Ap'o-theg-mat'-
ic-al (-t-kal), a. Like an apothegm.

Ap/0-the'0-SiS (Sp'o-the'o-sTs), ft. The elevation
of a mortal to the rank of the gods ; deification.
— Ap'o-the'o-size (-slz), v. t. [Apotheosized
(-sizd) ; Apotheosizing.] To deify.

Ap-pall' (ap-pal'), v. t. [Appalled (-paid') ; Ap-
palling.] To smite with terror; to scare; to
intimidate. — v. i. To occasion fear or dismay.

Ap'pa-nage (ap'pa-naj), ». A portion of land as-
signed by a prince for the subsistence of his
younger sons ; sustenance ; a dependency or de-
pendent territory.

Ap'pa-ra'tus (Sp'pa-ra'tus), to. A collection of
implements or organs ; furniture ; utensils.

Ap-par'el (Xp-par'el), ft. Clothing; dress; rai-
ment. — v. t. [Appareled or Apparelled
(-Sid) ; Appareling or Apparelling.] To dress ;
to clothe ; to attire ; to adorn ; to embellish.

Ap-par'ent (Xp-pSr'ent), a. Visible to the eye ;
beyond question or doubt ; plain ; certain ; ap-
pearing, but not real. — Ap-par'ent-ly, adv.

Ap'pa-ri'tion (Sp'pa-rTsh'un), ft. An appearance ;
thing appearing ; visible object ; a preternatural
appearance ; ghost; specter. [spiritual court. I

Ap-par'i-tor (ap-parT-ter), re. A messenger of a|

Ap-peal' (5p-pel')> n. A removal of a cause or suit
to a superior court ; a call for proof or decision,
or to grant a favor ; resort ; recourse. — v. i.
[Appealed (-peld') ; Appealing.] To remove a
cause to a superior judge or court ; to refer to
another for decision ; to call on for aid ; to im-
plore. — v. t. To remove to a superior judge or
court ; to accuse. — Ap-peal'a-ble (-a-b'l), a.

Appear' (Sp-per'), v. i. [Appeared (-perd'); Ap-
pearing.] To come or be in sight ; to become
visible, obvious, or manifest; to seem. — Ap-
pear 'ance (-<ms), re. A coming into sight; thing
seen ; phenomenon ; semblance, or apparent
likeness ; pretense ; personal presence.

Ap-pease' (5p-peV), v. t. [Appeased (-pezd') ;

Appeasing. ] To make quiet ; to pacify ; to as-
suage ; to compose ; to calm. — Ap-peas'a-ble
( - a - b ' 1 ), a. Capable of being quieted. — Ap-
peas'a-ble-ness, re. — Ap-pease'ment, re. An
appeasing ; state of being appeased. — Ap-pea'-
Sive (-pe'sTv), a. Having power to appease.

Ap-pel'lant (ap-pgl'lant), n. One who appeals. —
Ap-pel'late (-lat), a. Belonging to, or having
cognizance of, appeals. — Ap'pel-la'tion (-15'-
shun), 7i. The name by which a person or thing
is called ; title ; address. — Ap-pel'la-tive (-pel'-
la-tiv), a. Pertaining to a common name. —
re. A common, as distinguished from a proper
name. — Ap-pel'la-to-ry (-to - ry), a. Contain-
ing an appeal. — Ap/pel-lee/ (Sp/pel-le7), re. The
defendant in an appeal; one prosecuted by a
private man for a crime. — Ap'pel-lor/ (-16*r'), n.
One who prosecutes another for crime.

Append' (2p-pgnd'), v. t. To hang or attach ; tc
add ; to annex. — Ap-pend'age (-pgn'daj), n.
Something added as subordinate or incidental.
— Ap-pend'ant, a. Hanging; annexed; ap-
pended by prescription. — ». Something ap-
pended to another as subordinate to it.

Ap-pend'i-ci'tis (ap-pgnd'T-si'tis), re. Inflamma-
tion of a slender intestinal pouch called the
vermiform appendix.

Ap-pen'dix (ap-pgn'diks), n. ; pi. E. Appendixes
(-gz) ; L. ||Appendices (-di-sez). Something ap-
pended ; an adjunct ; a concomitant ; literary
matter added to a book. [sciousness. I

Ap'per-cep'tion (ayper-sgp'shun), 7i. Self-con-|

Ap'per-taln' (ap'per-tan'), v. i. [Appertained
(-tand') ; Appertaining.] To belong ; to relate.

Ap'pe-tent (-tent), a. Desiring ; very desirous.
— Ap'pe-tence (-tens), Ap'pe-ten-cy (-ten-sy),
n. Strong natural desire ; eager appetite.

Ap'pe-tite (ap'pe-tit), n. Desire, as for food or
drink. — Ap'pe-tize (-tlz), v. t. [Appetized
(-tizd) ; Appetizing.] To whet the appetite of.
— Ap'pe-tiz'er (-tiz'er), n. That which appetizes.

Ap-plaud' (ap-plad'), v. t. & i. To praise by clap-
ping the hands, etc. ; to commend ; to extol ;
to magnify. — Ap - plaud ' er, ft. — Ap-plause'
(-plaz'), ft. An applauding ; praise publicly ex-
pressed ; commendation. — Ap-plau'sive (-pla/-
siv), a. Applauding ; containing applause.

Ap'ple (Sp'p'l), ft. A tree of temperate climates
and its fleshy fruit ; the pupil of the eye.

||Ap/pli/qu6' (ap/ple'ka'), a. Ornamented with a
pattern (cut from other material) applied or fixed
! upon a foundation.

Ap-ply' (5p-pll'), v. t. [Applied (-plld'), Apply-
ing.] To lay or place ; to put ; to bring ; to en-
gage and employ (one's self) diligently, or with
attention. — v. i. To suit ; to agree ; to have
j recourse. — Ap-pli'ance (ap-pli'ans), n. An

| applying ; a thing applied ; an instrument ; a
means. — Ap'pli-ca-ble (2p'plT-ka-b'l), a. Ca-
pable of being, or fit to be, applied ; suitable ;
fit— Ap'pli-ca-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-ty), Ap'pli-ca-
ble-ness, n. — Ap'pli-cant (-kant), n. One who
applies ; a petitioner. — Ap'pli-cate (-kat), ft.
A right line drawn across a curve, so as to be
bisected by the diameter; an ordinate. — a.
Applied or put to some use. — Ap'pli-ca'tion
(-ka'shun), n. An applying ; anything applied ;
a request ; employment of means ; act of fixing
the mind ; intenseness of thought.
HAp-pog'gia-tu'ra (a-pod/ja-tdo'ra), ft. A small
note in music, indicating a passing tone.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

APPOINT

20

AQUILINE

JLp-point' (Xp-poinf), v. t. To fix ; to establish ;
to ordain ; to prescribe ; to assign ; to desig-
nate ; to provide ; to equip, — v. i. To deter-
mine ; to ordain. — Appoint-ee' (Xp'point-e'),
n. A person appointed. — Ap-point'ment (ap-
point'ment), n. An appointing or state of being
appointed ; arrangement ; position ; established
order or constitution ; pi. equipment.

.Ap-por'tion (Xp - por ' shun), v . t. [Apportioned
(-shund) ; Apportioning.] To divide and assign
fairly ; to allot ; to distribute. — Ap - por ' tion-
ment, n. An apportioning ; a dividing into
shares.

JLp'po-Site (ar/po-zit), a. Very applicable ; suit-
able or fit ; relevant ; pat. — Ap 'po - Site - ly,
adv. — Ap'po-site-ness, n.

Ap'po-si'tion (Xp/po-zTsh'un), n. The state of two
nouns put in the same case, without a connect-
ing word between them.

Appraise' (Xp-praz'), v. t. [Appraised (-prazd') ;
Appraising.] To set a value on; to estimate
the worth of. — Ap - prais ' al ( - praz ' a\ ), Ap-
pralse'ment, n. An appraising ; valuation. —
Ap-prais'er, n. One who appraises; one ap-
pointed to value goods and estates.

.Ap-pre'ci-ate (Xp-pre'shT-at), v t. To value; to
estimate justly; to raise the value of. — v. i.
To rise in value. — Ap-pre'ci-a-ble (-a-b'l), a.
Capable of being estimated or appreciated ; per-
ceptible. — Ap-pre ci-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Just
valuation or estimate ; increase of worth or value.

— Ap-pre'ci-a-tive (-a-tiv), Ap-pre'ci-a-to-ry
(-to-ry), a. Having or implying a just apprecia-
tion. — Ap-pre'ci-a-tive-ly, adv.

.Ap'pre-hend/ (Xp/pre-hend'), v. t. To seize or lay
hold -of; to understand ; to entertain suspicion
or fear of. — 1\ i. To be of opinion ; to believe.
— Ap'pre-hen'Si-'ble (-hgn'sT-b'l), a. Capable of
being apprehended. — Ap'pre-hen'sion (-hSn'-
shun), n. A seizing or taking hold of, especially
by legal process ; a conception ; a sentiment ;
an idea ; fear at the prospect of future evil. —
Ap ' pre - hen ' sive (-sTv), a. Fearful; suspi-
cious ; perceptive. — Ap'pre-hen'sive-ly, adv.

— Ap'pre-hen'sive-ness, n.

Ap-pren'tlce (Xp-prSn'tTs), n. One bound to an-
other to learn a trade or art.— v. t. [Appren-
ticed (-tist) ; Apprenticing.] To bind out as
an apprentice ; to indenture. — Ap - pren ' tlce-
ship, n. Condition of an apprentice ; term for
which he serves.

Ap-prise7 (Xp-priz'), v. t. [Apprised (-prizd') ;
Apprising.] To inform ; to give notice ; to ac-
quaint ; to communicate.

Ap-proach' (Xp-proch'), v. %. [Approached
(-prochf) ; Approaching.] To draw near ; to
approximate. — v. t. To come near ; to ap-
proximate. — n. A drawing near ; access. —
Ap-proach'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
approached ; accessible. — Ap - proach 'a - ble-
ness, n.

Ap'pro-bate (Xp'pro-bat), v. t. To express or
manifest approbation of. — Au'pro-ba'tion (Xp'-
pro-ba'shQn), n. An approving; consent; ap-
proval ; liking ; attestation. — Ap'pro-ba'tO-ry
(-ba'to-if), Ap'pro-ba'tive (-tTv), a. Approv-
ing ; containing approbation.

Ap-pro/pri-ate (Xp-pro'prY-at), v. t. To set apart
for a purpose, or for one's self ; to assign. —
Ap-pro'pri-ate (-at), a. Set apart for a partic-
ular use or person ; belonging peculiarly (to) ;

fit ; suitable ; proper ; adapted ; pertinent ; well-
timed ; peculiar. — Ap - pro ' pri-ate-ly, adv.—
Ap - pro ' pri - ate - ness, n. — Ap-pro/pri-a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Capable of being appropriated. —

— Ap-pro'pri-a-tive (-a-tiv), a. Appropriating ;
making appropriation. — Ap - pro ' pri - a-tive-

ness, n. — Ap-pro'pri-a'tion (-a'shun), n. An
appropriating or setting apart for a purpose ;
anything, esp. money, thus set apart.

Ap-prove' (ap-proov'), v. t. [Approved (-proovd') ;
Approving.] To be pleased with ; to think well
of ; to prove ; to commend. — Ap - prov 'a - ble
(-a-b'l), a. Worthy of approbation. — Ap-prov'-
al, n. An approving ; approbation.

Ap-prox'i-mate (Xp-pr5ks'I-mat), v. t. To carry
or advance near. — v. i. To come near ; to ap-
proach.—a. Near; nigh. — Ap-prox'i-ma'tion
(-ma'shiin), n. Approach ; a coming near. — Ap-
prox'i-ma'tive (-ma'tlv), a. Approximating ;
approaching.

Ap'pulse (Xp'pGls or Xp- pills'), Ap-pul'sion
(-pul'shun), n. A striking against.

Ap-pur'te-nant (Xp-pfir'te-nant), a. Belonging to
by right. — Ap-pur'te-nance (-nans), n. That
which appertains to something else ; an ad-
junct ; an appendage.

A'prl-COt (a'pri-k5t), n. A fruit of the plum
kind.

A'pril (a'pnl), n. The fourth month of the year. *

— April fool. One hoaxed on April 1st.
A'pron (a'purn or a'prun), n. A part of the

dress ; a cover.
Ap'ro-pos' (Xr/ro-pS7), adv. [F.] Opportunely ;

by the way.
Apse (Xps), Ap'sis (Xp'sTs), n.

A projecting part of a church, A — j&_

with a rounded roof.
II Ap'sis (Xp'sTs), n. ; pi. Apsides

(-sl-dez). One of the two

points in an elliptical orbit

a a Apsides.

at the greatest and least distance from the cen-
tral body.

Apt (Xpt), a. Fit ; suitable ; liable ; prompt. —
Apt'i-tude (-tT-tud), n. Fitness; adaptation;
readiness. — Apt'ly, adv. — Apt'ness, n.

Ap'ter-al (Xp'ter-al), a. Destitute of wings ; hav-
ing columns only in front. — Ap'ter-OUS (-us), a.
Destitute of wings.

Ap'tote (Xp'tot), n. An indeclinable noun. — Ap-
tot'ic (Xp-t5t'ik), a. Not inflected.

HA'qua (a'kwa), n. [L.] Water. — HAqua fortis
( f6r ' tis ). Nitric acid. — |i Aqua marine (ma-
ren'), or ||Aqna marina (-rl'na). A variety of
beryl. — I1 Aqua Vitae (vi'te). Brandy.

A-qna'ri-um (a-kwa'rl-um), n. ; pi. Aquaria
(-rT-a). [L.] A tank for holding aquatic ani-
mals and plants.

A-quat'ic (a-kwXtlk), a. Pertaining to or inhab-
iting water.

A'qua-tint (a'kwa-tlnt or Xk'wX-), A'qua-tint'a
(a'kwa-tTn'tX), n. Etching on copper by means
of aqua fortis.

Aq'ue-duCt (Xk'we-dukt), n. An artificial con-
duit for water.

A'que-OUS (a'kwe-us), a. Pertaining to or com-
posed of water ; watery.

A'qui form (a'kwt - f&rm), a. In the form of
water.

Aq'ui-line (Xk'wg-lTn or -lin), a. Belonging to
the eagle ; hooked or prominent like the eagle's
beak.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ARAB

21

ARENACEOUS

Ar'ab (5r/5b), n. A native of Arabia. — Ar'a
besque' (Sr'a-besk'), n. Ornamen-
tation after the Arabian manner.
— »<z. In the manner of the Arabi-
ans ; fantastic. — A-ra'bi-an (a-ra'-
bt-an), Ar'a-Mc (Sr'a-blk), a. Per-
taining to Arabia or its inhabitants, m

— Ar'a-bic, n. The language of the

Ar'a-ble Ca"'i/a-b'l), a. Fit for tillage ;
plowed. ,

A-ra'ne-OUS (a-ra/ne-us), a. Resem-
bling a cobweb ; thin and delicate.

Ar'bi-ter (ar'bT-ter), n. An umpire ;
a judge. — Ar'bi-trage (-traj), n.
Traffic in bills of exchange, also in
stocks of varying values. — Ar-bit'- A*™^™-
ra-ment (ar-bifra-ment), n. Will ; determina-
tion ; award of arbitrators. — Ar ' bi - tra - ry
(ar'bT-tra-r^), a. Depending on will or discre-
tion ; despotic ; absolute in power ; bound by no
law; tyrannical; capricious. — Ar'bi-tra-ri-ly
(-tra-ri-ly), adv. — Ar/bi-trate (-trat), v. t. & i.
To hear and decide, as arbitrators ; to determine
generally. — Ar/bi-tra'tion ( - tra ' shun), n. A
hearing and decision by arbitrators. — Ar/bi-
tra'tor (-tra'ter), n. An arbiter. — Ar'bi-tra'-
trix (-trTks), Ar'bi-tress (-tres), n. A female
arbiter.

Ar'bor (arljer), n. A bower ; a shaded seat ; a
spindle or axis. — Al-bO're-OUS (ar-bo're-us), a.
Belonging to trees. — Ar/bo-res'cent (ar'bo-reV-
sent), a. Resembling or becoming like trees.

— Ar bo-res'cenoe (-sens), n. Resemblance to
a tree. — Ar'bor-i-cult'ure (-b5r-I-kul'tur), n.
Cultivation of trees and shrubs. — Ar/bor-ist, n.
A student of trees. — Ar'bor-i-za'tion (-T-za'-
Bhun), n. A treelike appearance, especially in
minerals. — ||Ar'bO-re'tum (-bo-re'tum), n. A
place for cultivating rare trees or shrubs. — Ar'-
bor-OUS (-5?), a. Formed by trees. — Ar/bUS-
Cle (-bus-s'l), n. A dwarf tree.

ArO)U-tUS (ar'bu-tus), Ar'bute (-but), n. The
strawberry tree, an evergreen shrub of the
Heath family.

Arc (ark), n. Part of the circum-
ference of a circle or curve. **lx" .

Ar-cade' (ar-kad'), n. A series of arches; an
arched passage.

Ar-ca'di-a (ar-ka'dT-a), n. A picturesque region
in Greece ; a place of peaceful quiet. — Ar-ca'-
di an, a. Ideally rural.

||Ar-ca'num (ar-ka'num), n. ; pi. Abcana (-na).
[L.] A secret.

Arch (arch), a. Cunning or sly ; roguish. — Arcb/-
ly, adv. Slyly ; shrewdly. — Arch'ness, n.

Arch (arch), a. Chief; of the first class; princi-
pal ; — used as prefix in compounded words ; as,
arrh-ipostle, arcA-builder, wcA-conspirator, etc.

Arch (arch), n. A curve line
or part of a circle ; an arc.
— v. t. & i. [Arched (archt) ;
Arching.] To form an arch ;
to curve.

Ar'chs-ol'o-gy (Sr'ke-Sl'6-jy),
n. The science of antiqui-
ties. — Ar'chae-o-log'ic-al
(-6-18j'i-kal), a. Relating to
archaeology. — Ar'chae-ol'o-
glst ( - 51 ' 6 - jTst ), n. One
versed in archaeology.

Ar-cha'ic (ar-ka'Tk), a. Obsolete ; ancient ; an-
tiquated. — Ar'cha-ism (ar ' ka-Tz'm), n. An
ancient or obsolete word or expression ; antiq-
uity of style or use ; obsoleteness.

Arch'an'gel (ark'an'jSl), n. An angel of the
highest order. — Arch'an-gel'ic (-an-jgllk), a.
Belonging to archangels.

Arch'bish'op (arch'bish'up), n. Chief bishop;
metropolitan. — Arch ' bish ' op - ric ( - rik ), n.
The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop.

Arch'dea'con (iirch'de'k'n), n. An ecclesiastical
dignitary next in rank below a bishop. — Arch'-
dea'con-ry (-k'n-ry), Archdea'con-sMp, n.
The jurisdiction of an archdeacon.

Archduke7 (arch'duk'), n. A grand duke ; a son
of an Emperor of Austria. — Arch'du'cal (-du'-
kal), a. Pertaining to an archduke. — Arch'-
duch'ess (-duch'es), n. A princess of the house
of Austria. — Arch'duch'y (-y). — Arch'duke'-
dom (-duk'dum), n. Jurisdiction of an arch-
duke or archduchess.

Arch/er (arch'er), n. One who shoots with a
bow; a bowman. — Arch'er-y (-er-y), n. The
art of shooting with bow and arrow.

Arrche-type (ar'ke-tip), n. Original pattern;
model. — Ar'Che-typ/al (-tl'pal), a. Original.

Ar'chi-e-piS'CO-pal tar'ki-e-pis'ko-pal), a. Be-
longing to an archbishop.

Ar'chil (ar'kll), n. A violet dye obtained from
several species of lichen.

Ar'chi-pel'a-go (ar'kT-pel'a-go), w. A body of
water interspersed with islands.

Ar'chi-tect (ar'kT-tekt), n. One who plans build-
ings ; a contriver. — Ar'Chi-tec'tive (-tSk'ti v),
Ar'chi-tec'tur-al (-tek'tur-al), a. Pertaining
to architecture. — Ar'chi-tec'ture (-tek'tur), n.
The art or science of building, esp. of construct-
ing houses, bridges, etc. ; workmanship.

Ar'chi-trave (ar'kT-trav), n. That part of an en-
tablature which rests immediately on the col-
umn ; a molding above a door or window.

Ar'chives (arlrivz), n. pi. Public records, or the
place where they are kept. — Ar'chi-vist (-kT-
vist), n. A keeper of archives.

Ar'chi-volt (arnsT-volt), n. The inner contour of
an arch.

Ar'chon (ar'kBn), n. A chief magistrate in an-
cient Athens.

Archrway (arch'wa), n. A way under an arch.

Arc'tic (ark'tik), a. Northern ; lying far north ;
frigid. —Arctic circle. A lesser circle 23J°
from the north pole.

Arc'u-ate (ark'u-at), Arc'u-a-ted, a. Bent like a
bow. — Arc'u-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Convexity;
incurvation.

Ar'dent (ar'dent), a. Hot ; burning ; intense ;
fierce ; keen ; fervent. — Ar'dent-ly, adv. — Ar'-
den-cy (-den-sy), n. Ardor ; zeal ; heat.

Ar'dor (ar'der), n. Heat ; passion ; eagerness.

Ar'du-OUS (ar'du-us), a. High; difficult; hard.
— Ar'du-ous-ly, adv. — Ar'du-ous-ness, n.

Axe (ar). Present indie, pi. of Be.

Are (a*r), n. The metric unit of superficial meas-
ure; 100 sq. meters, or 119.6 sq. yards.

A're-a (a're-a), n. A plane surface ; an inclosed
space ; the superficial contents of any figure.

Ar'e-f ac'tion (aVe-fak'shiin), n. Act of drying ;
dryness.

A-re'na (a-re'na), n. A place of contest.

Ar'e-na'ceous (ar'e-na'shus), a. Consisting of
sand ; friable.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

AREOLA

22

ARRAIGN

IlA-re'O-la (a-re'6-la), n. ; pi. Areola (-15). A
colored ring around the nipple and certain ves-
icles. — A-rVo-lar (-ler), a. Like or pertaining
to an areola ; filled with interstices.

A're-om'e-ter (a're-om'e-ter), n. An instrument
for measuring the specific gravity of fluids. —
A're-om'e-try (-e-try), n. A measuring the spe-
cific gravity of fluids.

Ar'gal (ar'gal), n. Unrefined or crude tartar.

Ar'gent (ar'jent), a. Silvery ; bright like silver.
— ». White color on a coat of arms, represent-
ing silver, or, figuratively, purity. — Ar'gen-tan
(-jen-tan), n. An alloy of nickel with copper
and zinc; German silver. — Ar'gen-tine (-j en-
tin), a. Pertaining to, like, or sounding like,
silver ; pertaining to the Argentine Republic, in
South America (in this sense pronounced 'ar'jgn-
ten). — u. Carbonate of lime, having a silvery
luster ; a white metal coated with silver. — Ar-
gen/tal (ar-jen'tal), Ar-gen'tic (ar-jSn'tlk), a.
Like or pertaining to silver. — Ar'gen-tif'er-OUS
(-til'er-us), a. Containing silver.

Al'gil (ar'jtl), n. Clay or potter's earth ; alumina.

— Ar'gil-la'ceous (-la'shiis), a. Of the nature
of clay. — Ar'gil-lii'er-OUS (-liFer-us), a. Pro-
ducing clay. — Ar-gil'lOUS (-jll'lus), a. Clayey.

Ar'gol (ar'gol), n. Crude tartar ; argal.

Ar'gon (ar'gon), n. An inactive gaseous element
contained in air.

Ar'gO-sy (ar'go-s^), n. A large Bhip.
ilAr'got' (ar'go' or ar'got), n. [F.] The slang of
thieves and tramps.

Ar'gue (ar'gu), v. i. [Argued (-gud) ; Arguing.]
To use arguments ; to reason ; to dispute, — v. t.
To debate ; to evince ; to persuade by reasons. —
Ar'gU-er (-gu-er), n. — Ar'gll-ment, n. Reason-
ing; reason. — Ar'gU-men-ta'tion (-inen-ta'-
shun), n. A reasoning. — Ar'ga-men'ta-tive
(-mgn'ta-tlv), a. Using argument.

HAr'gUS (ar'gus), n. A fabled being, having a
hundred eyes ; a vigilant guardian. — Ar'gns-
eyed' (-id'), a. Very observant.

JIA'rl-a (a'rT-a or a'rT-a), n. An air, song, or tune.

Ar'id (ar'Td), a. Dry; parched with heat. —
A-rid't-ty (a-rTd'T-ty), Ar'id-ness, n. Absence
of moisture ; dryness.

A-right' (a-rif), adv. In due order ; correctly.

A-rise' (a-riz'), v. i. [Arose (-roz') ; Arisen
(-riz"n).] To rise ; to issue ; to spring.

Arls-tOC'ra-cy (aVTs-tok'ra-sy), n. Government
by the principal persons of a state, or a privi-
leged order ; nobility or chief persons in a state.

— A-ris'tO-crat (a-rTs't6-kr5t or ar'Is-to-), n.
One who favors aristocracy ; a noble ; a proud
or haughty person. — Ar ' is- to - crat'ic (Sr'Ts-
to-krat'Tk), Ar'is-tO-crat'ic-al (-I-kal), a. Re-
lating to aristocracy.

A-rith/me-tiC (a-rTth'me-tTk), n. The science of
numbers ; computation by figures. — A-rith'me-
ti'cian (-tlsh'an), n. One skilled in arithmetic.

— Ar'ith-met'ic-al (aVTth-mSt'T-kal), a. Ac-
cording to arithmetic. — Ar ' lth - mom ' e - ter
(-mom'e-ter), n. A calculating machine.

Ark (ark), n. A chest ; a coffer ; a large boat.

Arm (arm), n. The limb from shoulder to hand ; |
branch of a tree ; end of a yard ; inlet of water
from the sea. — v. /. [Armed (armd) ; Arming.] j
To furnish or equip with weapons or means of j
defense. — v. i. To take arms.

Ar-ma'da (ar-ma'da or -ma'da), n. [Sp.] A fleet j
of armed ships.

Armillary Sphere.

Ar'ma-dll'lo (ar'ma-dil'16), n. ; pi. -dillos (-loz).
[Sp.] An animal of
South America, hav-
ing the body encased
in bony plates.

Ar'ma-ment (ar'ma-
ment), n. A force

equipped for war; ^w* «^

munitions of war. Armadillo.

Ar'ma-ture (ar'ma-tur), n. Armor ; a piece of iron
used to connect the poles of a magnet.

Arm'ful (arni'ful), n. As much as the arms can
hold.

Arm'hole (arm'hol), n. A hole for the arm in a
garment.

Ar'mil-la-ry (ar'mfl-la-ry), a. Resembling, or con-
sisting of, rings or circles.
—Armillary sphere. An
instrument consisting of
rings, circles of the same
sphere, representing the
position of the important
circles of the celestial
sphere.

Ar - mip ' o - tent (ar-mTp'o-
tent), a. Powerful in arms ;
valiant.

Ar'mis-tice (ar'mis-tTs), n.
A temporary cessation of
arms ; a truce.

Arm 'let (arm'lSt), n. A
bracelet.

Ar'mor (ar'mer), n. Defensive arms for the
body; iron covering for ships of war. — Ar'-
mor-er (-mer-er), n. One who makes or has
charge of arms or armor. — Ar-mo'ri-al (ar-mo/-
rT-al), a. Belonging to armor, or to the es-
cutcheon of a family. — Ar'mo-ry (ar'mo-ry), n.
A place where arms are stored or manufactured.

Arm/pit (arm'pit), ». The hollow under the
shoulder.

Arms (armz), n. pi. Weapons ; ensigns armorial.

Ar'my (ar'my), n. An organized body of men
armed for war ; a great number ; a host. —
Army worm. A voracious caterpillar (the lar-
va of a moth) appearing in large hosts ; the cot-
ton worm.

Ar'ni-ca (ar'nT-ka), n. A plant used as a narcotic
and stimulant.

llA-ro'ma (a-ro'ina), n. Fragrant quality in
plants and other substances; flavor. — Ar'O-
mat'ic (ar'6-mat'ik), Ar'o-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Fragrant; spicy. — Ar'O-mat'ic, n. A plant,
drug, or medicine, of fragrant smell, and usually
warm, pungent taste. — A-IO'ma-tize (a-ro'ma-
tiz or ar'6-), v. t. [Aromatized (-tizd) ; Aroma-
tizing.] To impregnate with aroma.

A-round' (a-round'), prep. On all sides of ; about ;
from one part to another of. — adv. In a circle ;
on every side ; at random ; here and there.

A-rouse7 (a-rouz'), v. t. [Aroused (-rouzd') ;
Arousing.] To awaken suddenly ; to excite ; to
animate ; to rouse.

A-row' (a-ro'), adv. In a row ; in order.

Ar'que-DUS (ar'kwe-bfis), n. A hand gun, fired
from a forked rest. — Ar'que-DUS-ier' (-eV), n.
A soldier armed with an arquebus.

Ar'rack (ar'rak), n. An East India spirit made
from rice, the cocoanut, etc.

Ar-raign' (iir-ran'), V. t. [Arraigned (-rand') ;
Arraigning.] To call to answer in court : to

a, 6, 1, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, o, ii, y, short ; senate, ©vent, idea, obey, tlnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final.

ARRAIGNMENT

23

ASBESTINE

call in question ; to accuse ; to impeach ; to cen-
sure. — Ar-raign'ment, n. An arraigning.

Al-range7 (Sr-ranj'), v. t. [Arranged (-ranjd') ;
Arranging.] To put, place, or dispose, in or-
der; to adjust; to settle. —Ar-range'ment, n.
An arranging ; state of being arranged ; classifi-
cation ; preparation ; adjustment.

Ar'rant (ar'rant), a. Very bad ; notorious.

Ar'ras (ar'ras), n. Tapestry; figured hangings.

Ar-ray' (Sr-ra'), n. Order ; posture for fighting ;
orderly collection ; dress ; raiment ; body of ju-
rors summoned to court. — v. t. [Arrayed
(-rad') ; Arraying.] To dispose in order (troops,
etc.) ; to deck or dress ; to set in order (a jury) ;
to dispose ; to draw out.

Ar-rear' (5r-rer'), Ax-rears' (-rerz'), Ar-rear'-
age (-rer'aj), n. Part of a debt unpaid, though
due.

Ar-recf (ar-rekt'), Ar-recfed, a. Lifted up;
raised; erect.

Ar-rest' (ar-rest/), v. t. To check the motion or
action of ; to seize or apprehend by authority of
law ; to obstruct ; to detain ; to stop ; to appre-
hend. — n. Hindrance; an apprehending of a
person by authority of law ; seizure.

llAr-ret/ (ar-reV ; F. ar-ra'), n. A judgment or
decree of a French court ; an edict of a prince ;
seizure of persons or of goods ; arrest.

Ar'ris (Xr'rTs), n. In architecture, an edge formed
by the meeting of two surfaces, plane or curved.

Ar-river (5r-riv'), v. i. [Arrived (-rivd') ; Ar-
riving.] To come ; to reach. — Ar-llv'al (-riv'-
al), n. An arriving ; a person or thing arriving.

Ar'ro-gailt (ar'ro-gant), a. Assuming undue im-
portance ; overbearing ; insolent. — Ar'ro-gant-
ly, adv. — Ar'ro-gance (-gans), n. Act or habit
of arrogating; assuming; overbearing. — Ar'-
ro-gate (-gat), v. t. To claim unduly ; to assume.

— Ar/ro-ga'tion(-ga'shun), n. Assumption; in
law, adoption of a person of full age.

Ar'row (aVro), n. A pointed weapon shot from
a bow. ^

Ar'row-root (-root), n. *X

A tropical plant, yield- Arrow.

ing a nutritious starch,

used for children's and invalids' food.

Ar'se-nal (ar'se-nal), n. A magazine for arms and
military stores.

Ar'se-nic (ar'se-nTk), n. A metal ; also, its white
poisonous oxide. — Ar-sen'ic (-sgn'Tk), Ar-sen'-
lc-al (-T-kal), Ar-se'ni-OUS (-se'nT-iis), a. Com-
posed of, or containing, arsenic.

HAr'sis (ar'sTs), n. That part of a poetical foot
distinguished by greater stress of voice.

Ar'son (ar's'n), n. Malicious burning of another
person's house, ship, etc.

Art (art). 2d per s. sing. pres. indie, of Be.

Art (art), n. Acquired skill ; dexterity ; aptitude ;
skill ; artifice ; deceit. — Art'ful (-ful), a. Skill-
ful; cunning; crafty; sly. — Art'ful-ly, adv.

— Art'ful-ness, n. — Art'less, a. Free from
art, craft, or stratagem; ingenuous; contrived
without art or skill ; inartificial. — Art'less-ly,
adv. — Art/less-ness, n.

Al'ter-y (ar'ter-^), n. A large vessel conveying
blood from the heart ; a channel of communica-
tion. — Ar-te'ri-al (-te'rT-al), a. Pertaining to,
or contained in, an artery. — Ar-te'ri-al-ize (-iz),
v. t. [Arterialized (-tizd) ; Arterializing.] To
communicate the qualities of arterial blood to.

— Ar-te'ri-al-i-za'tion (-te'n-al-T-za'shun), n.

An arterializing. — Ar-te/ri-Ot'0-my (-5t'$-my),
n. Opening or dissection of arteries.

Ar-te'sian (ar-te'zhan), a. Pertaining to Artois,
in France. — Artesian well. A well bored into
the earth till it reaches water.

Art'ful, Art'ful-ly, etc. See under Art, n.

II Ar-thli'tis (ar-thri'tis), n. Inflammation of the
joints ; gout. — Ar-thrit'ic (-thrit'Tk), Ar-Ulrlt,-
ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to the joints, or to
gout.

Ar'ti-choke (ar'ti-chok), n. A food plant of the
thistle kind. — Jerusalem artichoke. A species
of sunflower, bearing a tuber like the potato.

Ar'ti-cle (ar'ti-k'l), n. A distinct portion of any
writing ; a clause ; a concise statement ; a par-
ticular commodity or substance ; in grammar,
one of the words, a, an, the, used to define the
application of nouns, — v. t. [Articled (-kid) ;
Articling (-kling).] To set forth in distinct
articles or particulars ; to bind by articles of |
covenant or stipulation ; to indenture. — v. i. To *
agree by articles ; to stipulate.

Ar-tic'U-lar (ar-tTk'u-ler), a. Pertaining to joints.

Ar-tiC'U-late (ar-tlk'u-lat), a. Formed with
joints; distinctly uttered; clear. — n. An in-
vertebrate animal, having the body and mem-
bers jointed. —Ar-tic'u-late (-lat), v. t. To
joint ; to unite by a joint ; to form into element
ary sounds or into distinct syllables or words.
—v. i. To utter articulate sounds; to enunci-
ate.— Ar-tic'U-late-ly, adv. Distinctly ; clearly.

— Ar-tiC'U-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. Junction of
the bones of a skeleton or parts of a plant ; ut-
terance of sounds of language ; a consonant.

Ar'ti-fice (ar'ti-fTs), n. An artful or skillful con-
trivance ; device ; stratagem ; deception ; fraud.

— Ar-tif'i-cer (ar-tlf'i-ser), n. A skillful work-
man in some art. — Ar'ti-fl'cial (-fish'al), a.
Made or contrived by art ; factitious ; feigned ;
fictitious; cultivated; not indigenous. — Ar' ti-
fi'cial-ly, adv. — Arti-fi'cial-ness, Ar'ti-fi'cl-
al'i-ty (-fTsh'T-5l'T-t?), n.

Ar-til'ler-y (ar-tiller-y), n. Offensive weapons
of war ; great guns ; ordnance ; troops armed
with cannon ; gunnery. — Ar-til'ler-ist (-ler-
Tst), n. One skilled in gunnery.

Art'i-san (ar'tT-zan), n. One skilled in any me-
chanical art ; a handicraftsman.

Art'ist (art'Tst), n. One who professes one of
the fine arts. — I' Artiste7 (aVtesf), n. [F.]
One peculiarly dexterous in any art. — Ar-tis'-
tic (-tis'tik), Ar-tis'tic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, or characterized by, art ; made in the
manner of an artist.

Art'less, etc. See under Art, n.

A-nm/di-na'ceous (a-run'dT-na'shuc), a. Like
or pertaining to a reed or cane. — Arun-din'S-
0US (ar'un-dTn'e-us), a. Abounding in reeds.

A-rus'pice (a-rus'pTs), n. A priest or soothsryer
in ancient Rome. [Written also haruspice.'] —
A-rus'pi-cy (-pT-s^), n. Divination.

As (Sz), adv. Like ; similar to ; while ; during,
or at the same time that ; in the idea, charac-
ter, or condition of ; for instance ; thus.

As'a-fet'i-da, As'a-foet'i-da (as'a-fSt'T-da), n. A
fetid inspissated sap, used in medicine.

As-bes'tus (as-bgs'tus), As-bes'tos (-tos), n. A
fibrous variety of hornblende and pyroxene,
sometimes wrought into an incombustible cloth.

— As-bes'tine (-tin or -tin), a. Pertaining to
asbestu8.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foTot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

ASCEND

24

ASSENT

As-cend' (5s-sgnd'), v. i. To move upward; to
mount ; to rise. — v. t. To go upward upon ; to
climb. — As-cend'ant (-ant), a. Above the hor-
izon ; superior ; surpassing. — n. Superior or
commanding influence ; height ; elevation. —
As-cend'en-cy (-gn-sy), n. Superior or control-
ling influence ; authority ; sway ; control.

As-cen'sion (as-sgn'shun), n. An ascending or
rising; the visible elevation of our Savior to
heaven. — Ascension day. A festival com-
memorating Christ's ascension into heaven ;
Holy Thursday. — As-cen'sion-al (-al), a. Re-
lating to ascension.

As-cent' (Xs-sgnf), n. A rising ; a way by which
one ascends ; an eminence, or high place ; the
angle which an object makes with a horizontal
line ; inclination.

As'cer-tain' (aVser-tan'), v. t. [Ascertained
(-tand') ; Ascertaining.] To make certain ; to
establish with precision ; to find out. — As'cer-
tain'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — As'cer-tain'ment, n.

As-cet'ic (as-sgt'ik), a. Unduly rigid or self-
denying in religious things. — n. A recluse ;
a hermit. — As-cet'i-cism (-i-siz'm), n. The
practice of ascetics ; austerity.

As-Cit'ic (as-sit'ik), a. Dropsical.

As-cribe' (as-krib'), v. t. [Ascribed (-kribd') ;
Ascribing.] To attribute ; to impute ; to as-
sign.— As-crib'a-ble (-kri'ba-b'l), a. Capable
of being ascribed. — As-crip'tion (-krip'shun),
n. An ascribing ; thing ascribed.

Ash (ash), n. A forest tree of the Olive family ;
also, its wood. — Ash/en (-en), a. Made of ash
wood ; of the color of ashes ; ashy. — Ash'es
(-ez), n. pi. Incombustible remains of burnt
matter ; remains of a dead body. — Ash'y (-y),
a. Ash-colored; like ashes. — Ash Wednes-
day. The first day of Lent.

A-shamed' (a-shamd'), a. Affected by shame ;
abashed by guilt or impropriety.

Ash'lar, Ash'ler (ash'ler), n. Freestone as
brought from the quarry; stones for facing
walls. — Ash'ler-ing, n. The setting of ashlar
facing ; partition timbers in garrets.

A-Shore' (a-shor'), adv. On or to shore ; on land.

A-side' (a-sld'), adv. On, or to, one side ; out of
the way ; apart. — n. Something said aside or
confidentially.

As'i-nine (as'T-nin), a. Like an ass ; stupid.

Ask (ask), v. t. & i. [Asked (askt) ; Asking.] To
request ; to inquire ; to require ; to interrogate.

Askance' (a-skans'), A-skant' (-skXnf), adv.
Obliquely ; sideways ; toward one corner of
the eye.

A-skew' (a-sku'), adv. Sideways ; askant.

A-slant' (a-slanf), adv. In a slanting manner ;
obliquely.

A-Sleep' (a-slep'), «• & adv. In
a state of sleep or death ; at
rest.

A-Slope' (a-slop'), adv. With a
slope or descent.

Asp (asp), n. A small hooded
and poisonous serpent of
Egypt.

As-par'a-gus (Xs-par'a-gus), n.
A culinary garden plant.

As'pect (aVpekt), n. Look;

mien ; air. A P-

As'pen (Xs'pgn), n. A tree ; a species of poplar
— a. Pertaining to the aspen.

Roughness; harBh-

As-per'i-ty (Xs-pgr'i-t#), n.
ness ; acrimony.

A-sper'moilS (a -sper'mus), a. Destitute of seeds.

As-perse' (as-pers'), v. t. [Aspersed (-persf);
Aspersing.] To bespatter with foul reports ;
to slander ; to defame. — As-per'sion ( - per '-
shun), n. A sprinkling ; calumny ; censure.

As'phalt (Xs'fXlt or Xs-fXlt'), As-phal'tum (-fXl'-
tum), n. Mineral pitch ; compact native bitu-
men ; an artificial preparation of coal tar, lime,
sand, etc., used for pavements, roofs, etc. —
As-phal'tic (-fXl'tik), a. Pertaining to or con-
taining asphalt.

As'pho-del (Xs'fo-dgl), n. A perennial plant hav-
ing beautiful flowers.

As-phyx'i-a (Xs-fTks'I-a), As-phyx'y (-?), n. Ap-
parent death ; suspended animation.

Asp'ic (Xs'pTk), n. The asp. Also, a species of
lavender, yielding volatile oil. Also, a meat
jelly, made with game, fish, eggs, etc.

As-pir'ant (Xs-pir'ant), a. Aspiring; ardently
desirous of rising. — n. One who seeks eagerly.

As'pi-rate (Xs'pT-rat), v. t. To pronounce with a
breathing or full emission of breath. — n. A let-
ter which is aspirated ; a mark of aspiration ; a
whispered consonant. — a. Pronounced with a
rough breathing. — As'pi-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n.
An aspirating or aspiring ; pronunciation of a
letter with full emission of breath ; strong wish
or desire ; ambition.

As-pire' (Xs-pir'), v. i. [AsprRED (-plrd') ; As-
piring.] To desire eagerly ; to long ; to rise ; to
ascend. —As-pir'er (-pir'er), n.

A-squint' (a-skwinf ), adv. Obliquely ; askant.

Ass (as), n. An animal of the Horse family;
a dull fellow ; a dolt.

As'sa-fcet'i-da (Xs'sa-
fgt'T-da),n. See As-

AF03TIDA.

As-sail' (Xs-sal'), v. t.
[Assailed ( - said ' ) ;
Assadling.] To at-
tack ; to assault ; to

beset. —As -sail' a-
ble, a. Capable of
being assailed. — As-
sail'ant (-ont), n.
One who attacks. Ass.

— a. Assaulting; assailing.

As-sas'sin (Xs-sXs'sTn), n. One who kills by secret
assault. — As-sas'sin-ate (-sT-nat), r. t. To
murder secretly. — As-sas'si-Iia'tion (- si - na'-
shun), n. An assassinating.

As-sault' (Xs-salf), n. A violent attack ; an on-
set ; a charge. — v. t. To attack.

As-say' (Xs-sa'), n. Trial ; attempt ; examina-
tion (of the quantity of metal in an ore) ; a sub-
stance to be assayed. — v. t. [Assayed (-sad') ;
Assaying.] To subject to chemical examina-
tion. — v. i. To attempt ; to try ; to endeavor.

— As-say'er, n.

As-sem'ble (Xs-sgm'b'l), v. t. [Assembled (-b'ld) ;
Assembling.] To bring or call together ; to con-
vene ; to congregate. — v. i. To meet ; to con-
vene.— As-sem'blage (-bluj), n. An assem-
bling ; a collection of persons or things ; a group.

— As-sem'bly (-bly), n. A company assem-
bled ; a meeting ; a legislature ; a congregation.

As-Sent' (as-sgnf), n. An assenting, admitting,
or agreeing to anything; consent. — v. i. To
admit a tiling as true ; to concede ; to consent.

a. e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ASSENTATION

25

ASTROLOGER

— As'sen-ta'tion (aVsem-ta'shiin), n. Assent I
by way of flattery ; adulation.

As-sert' (5s-sert'), v. t. To affirm positively ;
to maintain ; to aver. — As-ser'tion (-ser'shun),
n. An asserting ; affirmation ; vindication. —
As-sert'ive (-sert'T v), a. Positive ; affirming
confidently. --- As-sert'or (-er), n . — As-sert/-
O-ry (-6-ry), a. Affirming ; maintaining.

As-sess' (£s-seV), v. t. [Assessed (-sest/) ; As-
sessing.] To tax ; to value ; to determine ; to
estimate. — As-sess'a-ble (-ses'a-b'l), a. Li-
able to be assessed or taxed. — As-sess'ment
(-ment), n. An assessing ; valuation of prop-
erty ; sum charged. — As-Sess'OI (-ses'er), n.
An associate ; one appointed to apportion taxes.

As'sets (Ss'sets), n. pi. Property in possession or
money due -r effects of one dead or insolvent.

As-sev'er-ate CSs-seVer-at), V. t. To affirm sol-
emnly ; to aver. — As-seVer-a'tionC-a'shun), n.
Positive affirmation.

As-sid/U-OUS (as-sid'u-us), a. Constant in ap-
plication ; diligent ; persevering ; indefatigable.

— As-sid'u-ous-ly, adv. — As-sid ' u-ous-ness,
As'si-du'i-ty (aVsi-du'T-ty), n.

As-sign' (£s-sin'), v. t. [Assigned (-sind') ; As-
signing.] To appoint; to allot; to select; to
designate ; to make over to another. — n. A
person to whom property is transferred ; an as-
signee.— As-sign'a-ble (-sin'a-b'l), a. Capable of
being assigned. — As'sig-na'tion (-sig-na'shun),
n. An assigning or allotting ; an appointment
for meeting. — As'sign-e^ (aVsi-ne'), n. One
to whom something is assigned. — As-sign'er
(-sln'er), As-sign-or' (-sT-n6r'), n. One who
assigns or makes a transfer to another. — As-
signment (-sin' ment), n. An assigning; a
transfer of title, interest, or right.

As-sim'i-late (Ss-sTmT-lat), v. t. To make sim-
ilar; to convert into a like substance. — v. i.
To become similar ; to be converted into the sub-
stance of the body. — As-sim'i-la'tion (-sim'T-
la'shiin), n. An assimilating. — As-sim/i-la-
tive (-sim'T-la-tTv), a. Tending to assimilate.

As-sist' (aVsTst'), v. t. To give support to ; to
succor. — v. i. To help ; to be present ; to at-
tend. — As-sist'ance (-«ns), n. Help ; aid ; re-
lief . — As-sist' ant (-ant), a. Helping; aux-
iliary. — n. One who aids ; an auxiliary.

As-Size7 (5s-siz'), n. A court or session of a
court for trial of processes ; the time or place of
holding the court of assize, —v. t. [Assized
(-slzd') ; Assizing.] To fix the weight, meas-
ure, or price of. — As-siz'er (-siz'er), ».

As-SO'Ci-ate (Ss-so'shT-at), v. t. To join in com-
pany as friend, partner, etc. ; to unite in the same
mass. — v. i. To unite in company, —a. Closely
connected. — n. A companion ; mate ; partner.

— As-SO/ci-a'tion (-shl-a'shun or -st-a'shun), n.
Union ; connection ; company or society. — As-
S&'ci-a'tion-al, a. Pertaining to an association.

— As-SO'Ci-a-tive (-shT-a-ttv), a. Tending or
pertaining to association.

As'SO-nant (is'so-nant), a. Having resemblance
of sound, but not rhyme. — As'so-nance (-nans),
n. Resemblance of sound without rhyme.

As-SOTt' (£s-s6rt'), v. t. To separate into classes.

— As-sort'ment (-sSrt'ment), n. A selecting and
arranging ; things assorted ; a variety of sorts
or kinds adapted to various wants or purposes.

As-suage' (5s-swajr), v. t. [Assuaged (-swajd') ;
Assuaging (-swa'jlng).] To soften ; to allay ;

to appease ; to soothe ; to mitigate ; to alleviate.

— As-SUage/ment, n. Abatement ; mitigation.

— As-sna'sive (-swa'siv), a. Mitigating ; easing.
As-sume7 (as-sum'), v. t. [Assumed (-sumd') ; As-
suming.] To take ; to take for granted, or with-
out proof ; to pretend to possess. — v. i. To be
arrogant ; to claim unduly. — As-SUm'ing, a.
Arrogant ; forward ; pushing.

As-sump'sit (as-sump'sit), n. A promise ; an
undertaking ; an action to recover damages for
breach or non-performance of contract.

As-sump'tion (as-sump'shun), n. An assuming ;
supposition ; a thing supposed ; a postulate ; a
festival commemorating the ascent of the Virgin
Mary into heaven.

As-snre7 (a-shiir'), v. t. [Assured (-shurd') ; As-
suring.] To make sure ; to render confident ; to
confirm ; to insure. — As-SUT'ance (-tus), n.
Certain expectation ; freedom from doubt ; firm-
ness of mind ; intrepidity ; excess of boldness \
impudence ; insurance. — As-SUT'ed-ly (-ed-ly),.
adv. Certainly ; without doubt. — As-SUl'ed-
ness. n.

As'ter (as'ter), n. A genus of herbs; starwort.

As'ter-isk (as'ter-isk), n. A mark [*] in print-
ing.— As'ter-ism (-Tz'm), n. A constellation
of fixed stars ; three asterisks [***] calling at-
tention to a printed passage.

A-Stern' (a-stern'), adv. In, at, or toward, the
hinder part of a ship ; behind a ship.

As'ter-Oid (as'ter-oid), n. One of the small plan-
ets between Mars and Jupiter. — As'ter-Oid'al
(-oid'al), a. Pertaining to the asteroids.

Asth'ma (5s'ma, Sz'ma, or Xst'ma), n. A dis-
order of respiration, with difficult breathing. —
Asth-mat'ic (-inaVIk), Asth-mat'ic-al (-1-kal),
a. Pertaining to, or affected by, asthma.

A-Stig'ma-tism (a-stlg'ma-tlz'm), n. The defect,,
in the eye or a lens, of not bringing the rays,
of light to a focus, causing imperfect images. —
As'tlg-mat'ic (aVtlg-maVIk), a. Pertaining
to, affected with, or remedying, astigmatism.

As-ton'ish (5s-ton1sh), v. t. [Astonished (-Tsht) ;
Astonishing.] To strike dumb with sudden
fear, terror, or wonder. — As-ton'ish-ing, a-
Amazing ; surprising ; admirable ; marvelous.

— As-ton'ish-ment, n. Confusion of mind from
fear or surprise ; wonder ; admiration.

As-tound' (2s-tound0, v. t. To astonish ; to strike
dumb with amazement.

A-Stiad'dle (a-8tr5d'd'l), adv. With the legs
across a thing.

As'tra-gal (as'tra-gal), n. A little round mold-
ing at top or bottom of a column or a cannon.

As'tral (Ss'tral), a. Belonging to the stars ;
starry.

A-Stray' (a-stra'), adv. Out of the way ; wrong.

As-triCt' (Ss-trtkf), v. t. To constrict ; to con-
tract. — As-tric'tion (-trTk'shun), n. A bind-
ing ; restraint ; contraction.

A-Stride7 (a-strld'), adv. Across ; with the* legs-
apart.

As-tringe7 (as-trinj'), v. t. [Astrtngbd (-strinjd');
Astringing.] To bind fast ; to constrict ; to
contract. — As-trin'gent (-trin'jent), a. Bind-
ing ; contracting ; strengthening ; — opposed to
laxative.— n. A medicine which binds. — As-
trin'gen-cy (-jen-sy), n. Power of binding or
contracting.

As-trol'O-gy (5s-tr51'6-jy), n. A predicting events
by the aspects of the stars. — As - trol ' 0 - ger

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, lood, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ASTROLOGIC

26

ATTEND

(-jer), n. One who pretends to foretell events

by the stars. — As/tro-log'ic (-loj'ik), As'tro-

log'ic-al (-i-kal), a. Relating to or partaking of

astrology.

As-tron'O-my (£s-tron'6-my), n. Science of the

heavenly bodies. — As - tron ' 0 - mer, n. One

versed in astronomy. — As'tro-nom'ic (aVtro-

nom'Tk), As'tro-nom'ic-al (-T-kal), a.

As-tute' (as -tut'), a. Critically discerning;

shrewd ; subtle ; sagacious. — As-tute'ness, n.

Asun'der (a-sun'der), adv. Apart ; separately ;

into two parts.
A-sylum (a-si ' lum), n. A refuge ; a sanctuary ;

a shelter ; a place for the care of the afflicted.
As'ymp-tote (Ss'Tm-tot or a-sTmp'tot), n. A line

always uearing a curve, but never reaching it.
llA-syn'de-ton (a-sTn'de-ton), n. A figure in rhet-
oric which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi,
vici (I came, saw, conquered).
At (5t), prep. Near ; in ; by ; on ; with ; toward.
At'a-bal (at'a-bal) , n. A kettledrum ; a tabor.
At'a-ghan (at'a-gan), n. A Turkish dagger; a

yataghan.
At'a-Vism (at'a-vTz'm), n. The influence of an-
cestors on their descendants ; resemblance to
ancestors; recurrence of peculiarities or disease
in subsequent generations.
Ate (at), pret. of Eat, v. t.

A'the-ism (a'the-Tz'ni), n. Disbelief in the being
of a God. — A'the-ist, n. One who denies the
existence of a Supreme Being. — A'the-ist'ic
(-TsfTk), A'the-ist'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Denying a
God ; impious.
Ath e-ne'um (ath'e-ne'um), Ath'e-nae'um, n. A
public literary or scientific association or library.
A-thirst' (a-thersf), a. Thirsty ; eager.
Athlete (ath'let), n. A contender for victory in
wrestling, etc. — Ath-let'ic (ath-lef Ik), a. Be-
longing to wrestling, boxing, and other manly
exercises ; strong ; robust ; vigorous.
A-thwart' (a-thwart'), prep. Across ; from side

to side of. —adv. Sidewise ; obliquely.
A-tilt' (a-tTlf), adv. As if about to make a thrust ;

with one end raised.
At'las (5flXs), n. A heathen god, represented
as bearing up the
pillars of heaven,
or the globe ; a col-
lection of maps in
a volume ; the first
vertebra of the
neck. — At'lan-
te'an (-lan-te'an),
a. Pertaining to
Atlas, a fabled
giant who bore the
earth on his shoul-
ders. — At - lan'-
tes (-lSn'tez), n.
pi. Figures of
men, used instead
of columns to sup-
port an entab-
lature. — At-lan.'-
tlC (-lan'tTk), a.
Pertaining to the ocean between Europe and
America.
At'mos-phere (Xt'mbVfer), n. The air surround-
ing the earth ; the pressure of the air at the sea
level (about 14.7 lbs. to 1 sq. in.) — At'mos-
pher'ic (-fer'Tk), At'mos-pher'ic-al (-T-kal), a.

Atlas.

Relating to, existing in, or dependent on, the
atmosphere.

A-toll' (a-tol'), n. A coral island consisting of a
ring of coral reef surrounding a lagoon.

At'om (at'um), n. An ultimate indivisible particle
of matter ; a minute particle. — A-tom'ic (a-
tom'Ik), A-tom'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Relating to,
or consisting of, atoms. — At'om-ize (aVuni-iz),
v. t. To reduce to atoms. — At'om-iz'er (-iz'er),
n. An instrument for diffusing liquid in spray.

A- tons' (a-tou'), v. i. [Atoned (-tond') ; Aton-
ing.] To stand as equivalent ; to make repara-
tion ; to expiate. — v. t. To reconcile ; to make
satisfaction for. — A-tone'ment, n. Reconcilia-
tion ; satisfaction ; reparation.

A-ton'ic (a-ton'Tk), a. Wanting tone or tension ;
destitute of vocality.

A-top' (a-topO, aa"V' At or on the top ; above.

At'ra-bi-la'ri-an (St'ra-bl-la'rT-an), At'ra-bi-la'-
ri-ous (-rl-Qs), At'ra-bil'ious (-bll'yQb), a.
Affected with melancholy.

At'ra-men'tal (at ' ra-men ' tal), At'ra-men'tous

(-tus), a. Black, like ink ; inky.

A-tro/ciOUS (a-tro'shus), a. Exceedingly wicked ;
heinous; flagrant. — A-tro ' ciOUS-ly, adv. —
A-tro'cious-ness, A-troc'i-ty (-tros'I-ty), n.
Horrible wickedness.

Afro-phy (at'ro-fy), n. Wasting away from lack
of nourishment ; emaciation. — v. i. To waste
away ; to dwindle.

Attach' (at-tach'), v. t. [Attached (-tachf) ; At-
taching.] To bind ; to take by legal authority ;
to fasten ; to gain over ; to win. — At-tach'ment,
n. An attaching ; an affection ; that by which
one thing is attached to another ; a seizure or
taking by virtue of a legal process. — lAt'ta'-
Che' (af ta'sha'), n. [F.] One attached to the
suite of an ambassador.

Attack' (at-t5k'), v. t. [Attacked (-taW) ; At-
tacking.] To assail; to assault, —n. An as-
sault ; an onset ; an invasion ; a fit (of sickness,
etc.).

At-tain' (5t-tan'), v. i. [Attained (-tand') ; At-
taining.] To reach by effort ; to arrive at. —
v. t. To achieve ; to accomplish ; to obtain ; to
acquire. — At-taill'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of
being attained. — At - tain ' ment, n. An at-
taining ; the thing attained to ; an acquisition ;
an accomplishment.

At-tain'der (5t-tan'der), n. An attainting.

At-taint' (at-tanf), v. t. To stain; to disgrace;
to taint or corrupt (blood, or the credit of jurors
giving a false verdict). — n. A stain ; a spot-,
a taint ; a writ to inquire whether a jury has
given a false verdict. — At-taint'ment, n. State
of being attainted.

At'tar (St'ter), n. A fragrant essential oil, esp. of
roses. Written also otto and ottar.

At-tem'per (St-tem'per), v. t. To reduce or mod-
erate by mixture ; to soften ; to mollify ; to ac-
commodate ; to adapt.

At-tempt' (5t-tSmt'), v. t. To make trial or ex-
periment of ; to make an attack upon. — v. i. To
make an effort or an attack. — n. Essay ; trial ;
endeavor. — At-tempt'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capa-
ble of being attempted.

Attend' (5t-tgnd'), v. t. To go or stay with, as
companion or servant ; to wait on ; to serve ; to
be present with ; to accompany ; to be conse-
quent to. —v. i. To pay attention, with a view
to perceive, understand, or comply ; to heed ;

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, H, y, short ; senate, Sveut, idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

ATTENDANCE

27

AUREOLE

to wait or be in waiting ; to listen ; to hearken.

— At-tend'ance (ten'dans), re. An attending ;
persona attending ; train ; retinue. — At-tend'-
ant (-dant), a. Being present or in the train ;
accompanying ; connected with, immediately
following, as consequential. — n. One who, or
that which, attends or accompanies.

At-ten'tion (St-ten'shun), re. An attending or
heeding ; act of civility ; care ; respect ; re-
gard ; notice. —At-ten'tive (-tiv), a. Full of
attention ; intent ; mindful ; civil ; polite. —
At-ten'tive-ly, adv. — At-ten'tive-ness, re.

At-ten'U-ate (at-tgn'u-at), v. t. To make thin, or
less viscid; to make slender; to draw out or
extend in length, —v. i. To become thin, slen-
der, or fine ; to grow less ; to lessen. — At-ten'-
U-ant (-u-ant), a. Making less viscid ; thinning.

— re. Medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids ;
a diluent. — At-ten'U-a'tion (-u-a'shiin), re. An
attenuating, or making thin, fine, or slender.

At-test' (5t-test/), v. t. To bear witness to; to
affirm to be true ; to give proof of ; to call to
witness. — At'tes-ta'tion (Xt'tSs-ta'shun), re.
Testimony.

At'tic (aVtlk), a. Pertaining to Attica, in Greece,
or to its principal city, Athens ; pure ; classical.

— re. An upper story ; a garret.

At-tire' (at-tir'), v. t. [Attired (-tlrd') ; At-
tiring.] To dress; to array; to adorn. — re.
Clothes ; dress ; horns of a buck.

At'ti-tude (5t'tT-tud), re. Posture ; position. —
At/ti-tu'dl-nize (-nlz), v. i. To assume affected
attitudes.

At-tol'lent (5t-t51'lent), a. Lifting up ; raising.

At-tor'ney (at-tGr'ny), re. One legally appointed

by another to act for him. — Power of attorney.
A document by which a person authorizes an-
other to transact business for him.

Attract' (at-trakf ), v. t. To draw ; to allure ; to
invite; to engage. — At-tract'a-Dle (-trSk'ta-
b'l), a. Capable of being attracted. — At-tracf -
a-bil'i-ty (-ta-bll'T-ty), re. — Attraction (St-
trak'ahun), re. Invisible power in a body by
which it draws anything to itself ; power or act
of alluring, inviting, or engaging. — At-tract'-
lve (-tiv), a. Having power of attracting;
drawing by moral influences. — re. That which
attracts or incites. — At-tract'ive-ly, adv. —
At-tract'ive-ness, re. — At-tract'or (-trSkfer),
re. One who, or that which, attracts. — At'tra-
hent (at'tra-hent), a. Attracting ; drawing. —
re. That which attracts ; a magnet ; a blister.

At-trib'Ute (at-trTt/ut), v. t. To ascribe ; to im-
pute ; to refer ; to charge. — At-trib'u-ta-ble
(-trTb'u-ta-b'l), a.— At-trib'u-tive (-u-tTv), a.
Relating to, or expressing, an attribute. — re.
A word denoting an attribute or quality. —
At'tri-bUte (St'trT-but), re. An inherent qual-
ity ; essential property. — At'tri-bu'tion (-bu'-
shun), re. An attributing ; quality attributed.

At-trite/ (5t-trif), a. Worn by rubbing or fric-
tion. — At-tri'tion (-trish'un), re. A wearing
by friction ; abrasion ; state of being worn.

At-tune7 (at-tun'), v. t. [Attuned (-tund') ; At--
tuning.] To put in tune ; to make accordant.

AuTjurn (a/bum), a. Reddish brown.

Auc'tion (ak'shiin), re. Public sale to the highest
bidder. — Auc'tion-eer' (ak'shiin-er'), re. One
who sells by auction. — v. t. To sell by auction.

Au-da'cious (a-da'shus), a. Contemning re-
straints of law, religion, or decorum ; bold.

Au-da'cious-ly, adv. — Au-da'cious-ness, An-

dac'i-ty (-das'T-ty), re. Daring spirit ; resolu-
tion ; effrontery ; presumptuous impudence.
Au'di-Dle (a/dT-b'l), a. Capable of being heard.

— Au'di-tile-ness, re. — Au'di-bly (-bly), adv.
Au'di-ence (a/di-ens), re. A hearing ; admittance

to a hearing ; auditory, or assembly of hearers.

Au'di-phone (a/dT-fon), re. An instrument held
against the teeth, enabling the deaf to hear ;
a dentiphone.

Au'dit (a'dlt), re. An examination, esp. of ac-
counts, by proper officers, —v. t. To examine
and adjust (accounts). — Au'di-tor (-dT-ter), re.
A hearer ; listener ; one authorized to adjust ac-
counts. — Au'di-tor-ship, re. Office of auditor.

— Au'di-to-ry (-dl-to-ry), a. Pertaining to the
sense of hearing. — re. An assembly of hear-
ers ; audience. —Au'di-to'ri- Um (-to'rT-um), re.
The part of a church, theater, etc., where the
audience sit.

Au'ger (a'ger), re. A tool for boring.

Aught (at), re. Anything ; any part.

Aug-meiit/ (ag-meuf), v. t. & *. To enlarge ; to
increase. — Aug'ment (ag'ment), re. Enlarge-
ment by addition ; in Greek grammar, a sign of
past time. — Aug-ment'a-ble (-ment'a-b'l), a.
Capable of augmentation. — Aug'men-ta'tion
(-men-ta'shiin), re. An augmenting ; enlarge-
ment. — Aug-ment'a-tive (-men'ta-tiv), a. Im-
puting or expressing augmentation. — re. A
word which expresses with increased force the
idea of that whence it is derived ; as, dullard,
one very dull; — opposed to diminutive.

Au'gur (a'gur), re. One who foretells events by
omens ; a soothsayer. — v. i. [Augured (a'gurd) ;
Auguring.] To conjecture by omens ; to prog-
nosticate ; to guess. — v. t. To betoken. — Atl'-
gU-ral (a/gu-rol), a. Pertaining to" augurs or
augury. — Au'gU-ra'tion (-ra'shun), re. Act or
practice of augury. — Au-gu'ri-al (a-gu'rT-ol),
a. Of or relating to augury. — Au'gXl-ry (a'gu-
r^), re.. A foretelling events ; omen ; prediction.

All-gUSt' (a-gustr), a. Creating respect mingled
with veneration ; imposing ; majestic. — Au-
gnst'ness, re.

Au'gUSt (a/gust), re. Eighth month of the year.

Au-gUS'tan (a-gQVtan), a. Pertaining to the Ro-
man Emperor Augustus or to his time.

Auk (ak), re. An Arctic sea bird, of several spe-
cies ; the puffin.

Aunt (ant), re. A
father's or moth-
er's sister.

HAu'ra (a'ra), n. ;
pi. AUB.S (-re). [L.,
air.] Any subtle,
invisible fluid, sup-
posed to flow from
a body. — Au'ral
(-rcl), a. Pertain-
ing to the air, or
to an aura.

Au'ral (a'ral), a.
[From L. auris,
ear.] Belonging
to the ear.

Au'ra-ted (a'ra-

tSd), a. Resem-
bling gold.

HAu-re/o-la (a-re'o-la), Au're-ole (a're-ol), re. A
halo, or light, or luminous rays.

Auk.

18m, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

AURICLE

28

AVOID

AuM-Cle (a'rT-kl), n. The external ear ; one of
two muscular sacs at the base of the heart ; a
kind of ear-trumpet. — Au-ric'U-lar (a-rik ' fi-
ler), a. Pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of
hearing ; told in, or recognized by, the ear ;
traditional ; pertaining to the auricles of the
heart. — Au-ric'u-late (-l*t), Au'ri-form (a'ri-
f6rm), a. Shaped like an ear. — Au'rlst (a'-
rist), n. One skilled in disorders of the ear."

Au-rii'er-OUS (a-rlfer-us), a. Producing gold.

Au'rochs (a'roks), n. The European bison.

Au-IO'ra (a-ro'ra), n. Dawn of day ; redness of
the sky "before sunrise. — Aurora borealis
(bo-re-alTs). A luminous meteoric phenom-
enon ; northern lights. — Au-ro'ral (-ral), a.
Belonging to, or resembling, the northern lights.

Aus cul-ta'tion (as/kul-ta'shiin), n. A listening ;
the location of lung diseases by listening to
sounds within the chest.

Au'spice (as'pis), n. ; pi. Auspices (-pT-sez). Au-
gury ; favor shown ; patronage ; generally in pi.

— Au-spi'cious (as-pTsh'us), a. Having omens
of success ; prosperous ; fortunate ; favorable ;
propitious. — Au-spi'Ci0US-ly, adv.

Au-Stere7 (as-ter'), a. Sour with astringency ; se-
vere ; rigid ; harsh ; stern. — Au-Stere'ly, adv.

— Au-stere'ness, Au-ster'i-ty ( - ter ' r - ty ), n.
Severity of manners or living ; strictness.

Aus'tral (as'tral), a. Of or tending to the south ;
southern.

Au-then'tiC (a-then'tik), a. True ; certain ; genu-
ine.— Au-then'tic-al-ly, adv.— An/then- tic'i-ty
(-tTs'T-ty), n. Genuineness. — Au-then'ti-cate
(a-then'tt-kat), v. t. To prove to be authentic.

— Au-then'ti-ca'tion (-ka'shfin), n. A proof.
Au'thor (a'ther), n. The beginner, former, first

mover, or efficient cause of a thing ; a writer. —
Au'tnor-ess, n. A female author. — Au'thor-
ship, n. State of being an author ; origin.
Au-thor'i-ty (a-thorl-ty), n. Legal or rightful
power; dominion; testimony; witness; warrant.

— Au-thor'i-ta-tive (-T-ta-tTv), a. Having au-
thority; positive. — Au-thor'i-ta-tive-ly, adv.

Au'thor-ize (a'thor-iz), v. t. To give authority,
credit, or support to.— Au'thor-i-za'tion (-T-za'-
shun), n. Establishment by authority.

Au'to (a'to), n. An automobile.

Au'to-bi-Og'ra-phy (a/t6-bf-5g'ra-fy), n. A mem-
oir or biography of a person written by himself.

— Au'tO-bl-Og'ra-pher (-ra-fer), n. One who
writes a life of himself. — Au'to-bi'O-graph'-
Ic-al (-bl'6-gra'f 'i-kal), a. Pertaining to, or con-
taining, autobiography.

Au'tO-crat (a'to-krSc), n. An absolute sovereign.

— Au'to-cfat'ic (-krat'Tk), Au'to-crat'ic-al
(-T-k«l), a. Absolute ; independent in power ;
despotic. — Au-toc'ra-cy (a-t5k'ra-8^), n. In-
dependent or self-derived power ; autonomy ;
unlimited authority ; sole right of self-govern-
ment in a state.

Au'to-cy'cle (a'to-si'k'l), n. A power cycle.

l|Au'to-da-f# (a't6-da-fa'), n. ; pi. Autos-da-
fe (-toz-). [Pg., act of faith.] Punishment of
a heretic by burning.

Au'tO-graph (a'to-graf ), n. A person's own hand
writing ; an original manuscript. — A U ' 1 0-
graph'ic (-grXPTk), Au'to-graph'ic-al (-T-k«l).
a. Pertaining to an autograph ; used in autog-
raphy.—Au-tog'ra-phy (a-tog'ra-ty), n. A
person's own writing ; science of autographs ; a
process in lithography for transferring writing.

Au-tom'a-ton (a-t5m'a-t5n), n. ; pi. L. Automata
(-ta), E. -tons (-tSnz). A machine moved by inte-
rior machinery, which imitates actions of men
or animals ; any self-moving machine. — Au'tO-
mat'ic (a-to-mat'Tk), Au'tO-mat'lC-al, a. Self-
acting ; not depending on the will ; self-moving ;
acting involuntarily.

Au'tO-mo'.blle (a/to-mo'bTl), a. Self -moving. —
n. A vehicle propelled by a motor.

Au-ton'0-my (a-ton'o-my), n. Self-government.

Au'top-sy (a'top-sy), n. A post-mortem exami-
nation.

Au'tumn (a'tum), n. The season of the year be-
tween summer and winter ; fall. — Au-tum'nal
(a-tum'nal), a. Of or belonging to autumn.

Aux-il'iar (ag-zTl'yer) Aux-il'ia-ry (-ya-ry), a.
Helping ; aiding ; subsidiary. — Aux-il'la-ry, n
A helper ; an assistant ; a verb helping to form
moods and tenses of other verbs; pi. foreign
troops in the service of a nation at war.

A-vail' (a-val'), v. t. [Availed (-vald') ; Avail-
ing.] To turn to the advantage of ; to profit ; to
assist ; to promote. — v. i. To be of use or ad-
vantage ; to answer the purpose, —n. Advan-
tage ; benefit ; pi. profits or proceeds. — A-vail'-
a-Ble (-a-b'l), a. Profitable ; efficacious ; valid.

— A-vail'a-ble-ness, A-vall'a-bil'i-ty (-a-bTl'-
Y-ty), 7i.— A-vail'a-bly, adv.

Av'a-lanche7 (aVa-lanch'), n. A body of snow,
ice, or earth sliding down a mountain.

AVa-rice (Xv'a-rTs), n. Excessive love of money
or gain ; cupidity ; covetousness. — Av ' a - ri '-
Clous ( - rlsh ' us ), a. Actuated by avarice ;
greedy ; parsimonious ; miserly ; niggardly. —
Av'a-ri'cious-ly, adv. — Av'a-ri'cious-ness, n.

A-vast' ( a-vast'), interj. Cease ; hold ; stop.

A- vaunt' (a-vantV or -vant'), interj. Begone.

HA've Ma-ri'a (a'va ma-re'a), A've Ma'ry (a'-
ve ma'ry), n. A prayer to the Virgin Mary.

Av'e-na'ceOUS (Sv'e-na'shus), a. Relating to
oats.

A-venge' (a-venj'), v. t. [Avenged ( - vgnjd ' ) ;
Avenging.] To vindicate by punishing the
wrong-doer. — A- Ven'ger, n.

Av'e-nue (5v'e-nu), n. An entrance ; a way ; a
passage ; a wide street.

A-ver' (a-<reV), v. t. [Averred (-verd') ; Aver-
ring.] To declare positively; to assert with
confidence ; to affirm ; to protest ; to avouch.

— A-ver'ment, n. Positive assertion.
AVer-age (av'er-aj), n. A contribution to a gen-
eral loss ; a mean proportion ; medial sum or
quantity; medium. — a. Medial; relating to
a mean. — v. t. [Avebaged (-ujd) ; Avera-
ging.] To reduce to a mean ; to proportion. —
v. i. To be or form a medial sum or quantity.

A-ver'ment (a-ver'ment), n. See under Aver, v. t.

A-verse' (a-versr), a. Turned away ; disinclined ;
backward ; reluctant. — A - verse ' ly, ado. —
A-verse'ness, n. — A-ver'sion (-verMiun), n.
Opposition or repugnance of mind ; dislike ; con-
trariety of nature ; cause of repugnance.

A-vert' (a-vert'), v. t. & i. To turn off or away.

A'vi-a-ry (a'vT-a-r^), n. A place for keeping birds.

A-vid'i-fy (a-vTd'T-ty), n. Intense desire; long-
ing ; eagerness.

Av'O-ca'tlon (aVo-ka'shiin), n. A calling aside,
or diverting from employment; business that
calls away.

A- void' (a-void'), v. t. To keep at a distance from ;
to make void ; to annul ; to defeat or evade (a

a, 5, 1, 5, u, long ;&,&,!, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, Obey, finite, c&ie, arm, ask, all, final,

AVOIDABLE

29

BACK

plea). — v. i. To become void, vacant, or empty.

— A-void'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — A - void ' ance
(-ans), n. An avoiding, annulling, or becoming
vacant ; state of being vacant. — A-V0id'er, n.

Av'oir-dU-pois' (aVer-du-poiz'), n.&a. A system
of weights in which a pound contains 16 ounces.

A-vouch' (a-vouch'), v. t. [Avouched (a-vouchf) ;
Avouching.] To declare positively ; to main-
tain ; to affirm ; to assert ; to support.

A-VOW' (a-vou'), v. t. [Avowed (-voud') ; Avow-
ing.] To declare openly ; to own ; to acknowl-
edge. — A-VOW'al, n. Open or frank declara-
tion. — A-vow'ed-ly (-ed-ly), adv. Openly. —
A-vow-ee' (-vou-e'), n. See Advowee.

A-vul'sion (a-vul'shun), n. A tearing asunder ;
a fragment torn off.

A- wait' (a-wat/), v. t. To wait, or look out, for ;
to expect ; to be in store for ; to be ready for.

A- wake' (a-wak'), v. t. & i. [imp. Awoke (-wok')
or Awaked (-wakf) ; p. p. Awaked ; Awak-
ing.] To rouse from sleep, or from death, stu-
pidity, or inaction. — a. Not sleeping ; wakeful.

— A-wak'en (a-wa'k'n), v. t. & i. To rouse
from sleep or torpor ; to excite ; to stir up ; to
call forth ; to wake.

A-ward' (a-ward'), v. t. To give by judicial de-
termination ; to adjudge ; to decree. — v. i. To
determine ; to make an award. — n. A judg-
ment, sentence, or final decision ; a decision of
arbitrators in a case submitted ; a paper con-
taining such decision.

A-ware/ (a-war'), a. Watchful; vigilant; cog-
nizant.

A-way' (a-wa'), adv. Absent ; at a distance.

Awe (a), n. Profound fear, with admiration or
reverence; dread; veneration. — v. t. [Awed
(ad) ; Awing (a'ing).] To strike with fear and
reverence. — Aw'ful (a'ful), a. Striking with
awe ; filling with fear and admiration. — Aw'-
ful-ly, adv. — Aw'ful-ness, n.

A-weath'er (a-weth'er), adv. On the weather
side, or toward the wind ; — opposed to alee.

Aw'ful, etc. See under Awe, n.

A- While' (a-hwil'), adv. For a short time.

Awk'ward (ak'werd), a. Without skill; bun-
gling ; clumsy ; uncouth. — Awk'ward-ly, adv.

— Awk'waid-ness, ».

I Awl (al), n. A tool to pierce holes.
Awn (an), n. The beard of grain, grasses, etc.
Awn'iiig (an'Tng), n. A cover from the sun or
I weather. "

A- woke7 (a-wok'), imp. &p. p. of Awake.
A- wry' (a-ri'), a. & adv. Turned or twisted to-
ward one side ; asquint.
! Ax, Axe (aks), n. An edged tool for hewing,
1 chopping, etc.
Ax'i-al (Sks'T-al), a. Pertaining to an axis.
1 Ax'il (aks'Tl), | Ax-illa (aks-Tl'la), n. [L.] The
armpit ; angle between the upper side of a
branch or leaf and a stem. — Ax'il-lar, Ax'il-
la-ry (-la-ry), a. Pertaining to the armpit;
situated in, or rising from, the axilla.
Ax'i-OItt (5ks'T-um), n. A self-evident proposi-
tion ; a maxim ; an adage. — Ax'i-O-mat'iC (-T-6-
mat/Tk), Axl-O-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, or having the nature of, an axiom.
Ax'is (aks'is), n. The line on which a body re-
volves ; the central part or column of a plant.
Ax'le (aks"l), Ax' le-txeC (-treO, n. A shaft on
which wheels turn.
! Ay, Aye (at), adv. Yes; yea;
— a word expressing assent.
I — n. An affirmative vote ; a
i voter in the affirmative.
Aye (a), adv. Always; ever;

continually.
Aye'-aye ( aT'aT ), n. A noc-
turnal quadruped of Mada-
gascar.
A-za'le-a(a-za1e-a),n. A genus
of flowering plants resem-
bling the rhododendron.
Az'i-muth (az'i-muth), n.
| An arc of the horizon between the meridian of
the place and a vertical circle passing through
1 the center of any object.
I A-ZO'ic (a-zoTk), a. Destitute of animal life.
Az'Ote (az'ot or a-zot'), n. A gas unfit for res-
piration ; nitrogen. — Az'0-tize (Sz'o-tiz), v. t.
[Azotized (-tizd) ; Azotizing.] To impregnate
with azote ; to nitrogenize. — A-ZO'tOUS (a-zo'-
tus), a. Nitrous.
Az'UTO (5zh ' ur or a'zhur), a. Of a sky-blue ;
cerulean. — n. The blue of the sky.

B Axle.

B.

Baa (ba), n. The cry of sheep, —v. i. To bleat. !

BaVble (bSb'b'l), v. i. [Babbled (baVb'ld) ; Bab-
bling. ] To talk idly ; to prattle ; to chatter. —
v. t. To utter. — n. Idle talk ; unmeaning
words. — BablJler (-bier), n. An idle talker ; a
thrushlike, chattering bird.

Babe (bab), n. An infant ; a baby.

Ba'bel (ba'bel), n. Confusion ; disorder.

HBa'bOO (ba'bob), ||Ba1)U, n. A Hindoo gentle-
man ; a title answering to Mr.

Bab-OOn' (b5b-oon'), n. A species of large monkey.

Ba'by (ba'by), n. An infant ; a babe ; a doll. — a.
Pertaining to an infant. — Ba^by-hood (-h66d),
n. State of being a baby. — Ba'by-ish. a. Like
a baby ; childish.

Bac/ca-lau're-ate (b5k'ka-la/re-at), n. The de-
gree of bachelor of arts. —a. Pertaining to a
bachelor of arts.

HBac/ca-ra' (bak'ka-ra'), Bac/ca-rat', n. A French
game of cards.

Bac'cate (bak'kat), a. Pulpy, like a berry. —
Bac'ca-ted, a. Having many berries.

Bac'cha-nal (bakHia-nai), Bac'cha-nali-an (-na'-
lT-an\ n. A devotee of Bacchus ; a reveler. —
a. Reveling. — H BaCcha-nall-a (-nalT-a), n.
pi. Bacchanal feasts ; drunken revels.

Bac-cil'er-OUS (bak-sTfer-Qs), a. Producing ber-
ries. — Bac-Civ'0-rous (-siv'o-rus), a. Subsist-
ing on berries.

Bach'e-lor (bach'e-ler), n. A man not married ;
one who has taken the first degree in a college.
— Bach'e-lor- skip, n. State of being a bache-
lor, [shaped bacterium. I

Ba-cil'ltlS (ba-sTllus), n. ; pi. Bacilli. A rod-|

Back (b5k), n. The upper or hinder part of an
animal, from neck to loins ; the part opposed

fSm, recent, Srb, rude, full, firn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thih.

BACKER

30

BALDRIC

to the front ; the rear ; the outward or upper
part of a thing ; the part out of sight. — a. In
the rear; remote. — adv. To, in, or toward, the
rear ; backward ; behind ; again, —v. t. [Backed
(bakt); Backing.] To mount; to support ; to
aid ; to force backward ; to furnish with a back.
— v. i. To move or go back. — Back'er, n.

Backbite/ (bSk'bltf), v. t. & i. To slander (an ab-
sent person). — Back'bit'er, n. A secret calum-
niator or detractor.

Back'bone' (bak'bon'), n. The spine ; firmness ;
moral principle.

Back'gam/mon (bak'gam'un), n. A game played
upon a table, with dice and " men."

Background' (bSk'ground'), n. Ground in the
rear or behind ; obscurity ; shade.

Back'haneVed (baVhand'ed), a. With the hand
turned backward ; oblique. — adv. With the
hand directed backward.

Back'-piece' (bak'peV), Back'-plate7 (-plat'), n.
Armor covering the back.

HBack'sheesh' (bak'shesh'), HBack'shish/, n. In
Turkish countries, a present.

Back'side' (bSk'sid'), n. The hinder part ; rear.

Back'slitte' (bak'slld'), v. i. [imp. Backslid
(-slid') ; p. p. Backslidden (-slid'd'n), Back-
slid ; p. pr. Backsliding.] To fall back or off ;
to apostatize. — Back'slid'er, n.

Back'SWOrd' (bak'sord'), n. A sword with one
sharp edge.

Back'ward (bSk'werd), Back'wards (-werdz),
adv. With the back in advance ; toward the
back; with the back downward; in past time;
with reverse of direction. — Back'ward, a.
Unwilling ; reluctant ; dull ; behindhand. —
Back'ward-ly, adv. — Back'ward-ness, n.

Back'WOOdS' (bXk'woods'), n. Forests or newly
cleared lands on the frontiers. — Back'WOOds'-
man, n. A man dwelling in the backwoods.

Ba'con (ba'k'n), n. Hog's flesh, salted or pickled,
and dried, usually in smoke.

Bac-te'ri-um(b5k-te'rT-um),rc.; jt>Z. Bacteria (-a).
A microscopic vegetable organism. — Bac-te'-
ri-ol'O-gy (-81'6-j^), n. The science of bacteria.

Bad (b£d), a. [Worse (wQrs) ; Worst (vvfirst).]
Wanting good qualities ; evil ; ill ; vicious. —
Bad'ly, adv. — Bad'ness, n.

Bad, Bade (bad), imp. & p. p. of Bid, v. t.

Badge (b£j), n. A distinctive mark or sign.

Badg'er (baj'er), n. A carnivorous burrowing

Indian Badger.

quadruped. — v. t. [Badgered (-erd) ; Badg-
ering.] To tease ; to pester ; to worry.

HBa'di-nage' (ba'dT-nazh' or bXd'I-naj), n. Play-
ful raillery ; banter.

Baffle (bSf'f '1), v. t. To elude by artifice ; to
foil ; to frustrate ; to thwart.

Bag (bag), n. A sack ; a pouch ; a purse. — v. t.
[Bagged (bagd) ; Bagging.] To put in a bag ;
to entrap. — v. i. To swell ; to hang down. —
Bag'ging, n. Material for bags.

Bagpipe.

Admitting of

llBa-gasse7 (ba-gaV), n. Sugar cane crushed in the
mill ; refuse of beetroot sugar.

HBag'a-telle' (bag'a-tel'), n. A trifle ; a thing of
no importance ; a game played with balls on a
board having holes at one end.

Bag'gage (bag'gaj), n. Utensils and necessaries
of an army ; cases for clothing, etc. ; luggage ;
a saucy young woman.

Bagn'io (ban'yo), n. A brothel.

Bag'pipe (bag'plp), n. A Scottish wind instru-
ment.— Bag'pip'er, n.
A player on a bagpipe.

Bail (bal), n. A scoop
for removing water
from a boat. — v. t.
[Bailed (bald) ; Bail-
ing.] To lade; to dip
water from.

Bail (bal), n. One who
procures a prisoner's
release, by giving secur-
ity for his appearance
in court ; security giv-
en. — v. t. To release
on bail. — Bail'-a-ble (-a-b'l), a
bail.

Bail (bal), n. The handle of a pail, kettle, etc.

Bailee' (bal'e'), n. One to whom goods are
bailed, or delivered in trust.

Bail'iff (bal'if),_n. A sheriff's deputy.

Bail'i-Wick (bal'i-wlk), n. Jurisdiction of a
bailiff.

Bail'ment (bal'ment), n. Delivery of goods in
trust.

Bairn (ba*rn), n. A child. [Scot.]

Bait (bat), n. Any substance used to catch fish,
animals, etc. ; a lure ; temptation ; food or
drink taken on a journey ; luncheon. — v. t. To
provoke or tease; to feed (horses, etc.), on a
journey ; to provide (a hook or trap) with bait.
— v. i. To take refreshment.

Baize (baz), n. A woolen stuff, with long nap.

Bake (bak), v. t. [Baked (bakt) ; Baking.] To
heat or harden by heat; to cook in a close
heated place. — v. i. To dry and harden in
heat. — Bak'er, n.— Bake'house' (-hous'), n.
A house or building for baking. — Bak'er-y
(ba'ker-y), n. The trade of a baker ; a bake-
house. — Bak'ing, n. The quantity baked at
once.

Bal'ance (bSl'ans), n. A weighing apparatus ; a
pair of scales ; equipoise ; the amount needed to
equalize two quantities or sums ; a sign in the
zodiac, called Libra, —v. t. [Balanced (-mist) ;
Balancing.] To make equal ; to weigh ; to es-
timate ; to adjust and settle, —v. i. To be in
equipoise ; to hesitate ; to fluctuate. — Bal'-
ance sheet (shet). A paper giving a summa-
tion and balance of accounts in business.

Bal'CO-ny (bSl'ko-njf), n. A gallery outside of a
window.

Bald (bald), a. Destitute of natural covering
(hair, feathers, foliage, etc.) ; destitute of orna-
ment ; unadorned ; bare ; literal. — Bald'head'
(-hSd'), Bald'pate7 (-paf), n. One with no hair
on his head. — Bald'ly, adv. Nakedly ; without
reserve ; inelegantly. — Bald'ness, n.

Bal'da-Chin (bSl'da-kln), n. A canopy.

Bal'der-dash (bal'der-dSsh), n. A worthless
mixture ; senseless jargon ; ribaldry.

Bal'dric (bal'drTk), n. A girdle ; a belt.

a, e, i, 5, u, long , a, 6, 1, 5, u, y , short ; senate, event, tdea, obey , finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

BALE

31

BANK BILL

Bale (bal), n. A bundle of goods corded for trans-
portation. — V. t. To put up (goods) in a bale.

Bale (bal), n. Misery ; calamity ; sorrow ; evil.
— Bale'ful, a. Destructive ; woful ; sad.

Bale'iire' (bal'flr'), n. A signal fire ; an alarm fire.

Ba-lize' (ba-leV), n. A pole raised on a bank, as
a beacon.

Balk (bak), n. An unplowed ridge or strip ; a
great beam, rafter, or timber ; a hindrance or
disappointment ; a check ; a stop ; a failure. —
v. t. [Balked (bakt) ; Balking.] To leave un-
touched in plowing ; to disappoint ; to frustrate.
— v. i. To stop abruptly. — Balk'y (bak'y), a.
Apt to turn aside or stop abruptly.

Ball (bal), n. A round body ; a globe ; a bullet ;
a game played with a ball. — v. t. & i. [Balled
(bald) ; Balling.] To form into balls.

Ball (bal), n. A social assembly for dancing.

Bal'lad (bXl'lad), n. A narrative song in simple
verses.

Bal'last (bXl'last), n. Heavy material put into a
vessel to steady it ; gravel, stone, etc., forming
the bed of a railroad, —v. t. To load or furnish
with ballast.

Bal'let' (bSl'la' or bXl'lgt), n. A theatrical exhi-
bition with music, dancing, etc.

Bal-loon' (bXl-loon'), n. A light bag, filled with
gas, to float in the air.

Bal'lot (balMiit), n. A
ball or ticket, used for
voting ; act or system ,
of secret voting ; num- \
ber of votes cast. — v.t. j
[Balloted; Ballot- 1
ing.] To cast a vote.

Balm (bam), a. An aro- [
matic plant; the odor- "
iferous sap of certain ;
trees; fragrant oint- "
uient. — v.t. To anoint .'.'
with balm. — Balm ' y
(b'am'y), a. Fragrant ; '
soothing; producing
balm.

Bal-mor'al (bXl-m6r'al), n. A long woolen petti-
coat ; a high laced walking shoe.

Bal'sam (bal'sam), n. An aromatic resinous sub-
stance ; a tree ; a flowering plant ; a soothing
medicinal mixture. — Bal-sam'ic ( - sXm ' tk ),
Bal-sam'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Having the quali-
ties of baLsam ; containing, or resembling, bal-
sam ; soit ; healing.

Bal'US-ter (bXl'us-ter), n. A small pillar sup-
porting a railing. — Bal'US- trade/ (-trad'), n. A
row of balusters joined by a rail.

HBam-bi'no (bam-be'no), n. An image of the in-
fant Christ, in Italian churches.

Bam-boo' (bXm-boo/), n. A tropical plant of the
grass kind.

Bam-bOO'zle (bXm-bobVl), v. t. To play tricks
upon.

Ban (bXn), a. A public proclamation ; an inter-
diction ; a curse ; pi. notice of a marriage pro-
posed. — ?•. t. [Banned (bXnd) ; Banning.] To
curse ; to forbid ; to interdict.

Ba-na'na (ba-nii'na), n. A species of plantain
tree, and its edible fruit.

Band (bXnd), n. Anything that binds ; a belt ;
a molding ; a union ; a society ; a company of
armed men, musicians, etc. — v. t. & i. To
unite with or in a band ; to confederate.

A fillet. — v. t. To bind

A fig-
A paper box for
A large rat of India

Bandicoot.

Any

Balloon.

Band'age (ban'daj), n,

with a bandage.
Ban-dan'na (ban-dXn'a), Ban-dan'a, n,

ured silk or cotton handkerchief

Band'box' (bXiid'ooks'), ?*•
bands, caps, etc.

Ban'di-coot (bXn'di-koot), n,
and Ceylon ; a
ratlike marsu-
pial quadruped
of Australia and
Tasmania.

Ban'dlt (bXn'dTt),
n. ; pi. Bandits
or Banditti
(-dit'ti). A rob-
ber ; a brigand.

Band'let (bSnd'lst), Band'e-let (-e-lSt), n.
little architectural band or flat molding.

Ban'dOg (ban'dog), n. A fierce dog.

Ban/do-leerr (ban ' do - ler'), Ban/do-lier/, n. A
leathern belt, thrown over the shoulder, for sus-
taining fire-arms.

Ban'dore (bXn'dor or bXn-dor'). n. A stringed
musical instrument, like a guitar.

Ban'dy fbXn'dy), n. An East India bullock cart.

Ban'dy (bXn'dy), n. A club bent at one end, for
striking a ball ; a hockey stick ; the game thus
played; hockey; shinney. — v. t. [Bandied
(-did) ; Bandying.] To beat (a ball, words,
etc.) to and fro ; to toss about ; to exchange. —
a. Bent; crooked. —Ban'dy-legged7 (-lSgd'),
a. Having crooked legs.

Bane (ban), n. Deadly poison ; mischief ; ruin ;
destruction. — Bane'ful (-ful), a. Having poi-
sonous qualities ; noxious. — Bane,fttl-ly, adv.
— Bane'ful-ness, n.

Bang (bang), v. t. [Banged (bXngd) ; Banging.]
To beat; to thump; to strike noisily. — n. A
heavy blow ; a loud concussion.

Bang (bXng), v. t. To cut (the human forelock,
a horse's tail, etc.) squarely across. — n. Hair
cut square and combed over the forehead ; a
false front of hair.

Bang (bang), Bangne, n. Same as Bhang, n.

Ban'gle (bXn'g'l), n. A bracelet.

Ban'ian (bXn'ymi or bXn-yXn'), n.. A Hindoo mer-
chant ; a morning gown ; the Indian fig-tree.
See Banyan.

Ban'ish (bXn'Tsh), v. 1. [Banished (-Ysht) ; Ban-
ishing.] To exile; to drive away; to expel. —
Ban'ish-ment, n. Expulsion from one's own
country; exile.

Ban'ls-ter (bXn'Ts-ter), n. A baluster.

Ban'Jo (bXn'jo), n. A stringed musical instru-
ment, resembling both guitar and tamborine.

Bank (bXnk), n. A ridge of earth ; a steep ac-
clivity ; an elevation in the sea ; a flat ; a shoal ;
a ledge of coal. — v. t. [Banked (bXnkt);
Banking.] To raise a mound about ; to inclose ;
to embank ; to heap or pile up.

Bank (bXnk), n. A bench (for rowers in a gal-
ley, judges in court, etc.) ; a row of keys in an
organ.

Bank (bXnk), n. A place for deposit and ex-
change of money ; sum of money ; a fund. —
v. t. To deposit in a bank. — v. i. To keep a
bank ; to deposit (money) in a bank. — Bank'er,
n. One who manages a bank. — Bank'a-ble, a.
Receivable at a bank. — Bank ' ing, n. The
business of a bank or banker. — Bank bill,

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BANK NOTE

32

BARNACLE

Bank note. A note issued by a bank and pay- '
able on demand.

Bank'rupt (bank'rupt), n. One who cannot pay !
bis debts, — a. Insolvent, — v. I. To break in '
trade; to render insolvent. — Bank ' rupt - cy
(-sy), n. State of being bankrupt ; insolvency ;
failure in trade.

Ban'ner (ban'ner), to. A military ensign ; a stand- \
ard ; a pennon ; a flag.

Ban'nock (ban'nuk), to. A cake of oatmeal.

Banns (banz), to. pi. Notice of a proposed mar-
riage.

Ban'quet (bSn/kwSt), n. A feast ; an entertain-
ment. — v. t. & i. [Banqueted ; Banqueting.]
To feast.

A small variety of fowl,

To rally ; to joke ; to ridi-
Humorous raillery ; pleas-

A small child; an in-

The Indian

Banyan Tree.

Ban'tam (ban'tam), t
with feathered legs.

Ban'ter (ban'ter), v. t
cule ; to deride. — to.
antry.

Bant'ling (bSnt/ling), n.
fant.

Ban'yan (bSn'yan or ban-yau'), to
fig-tree, whose
branches take
root and form
new stocks,
covering many
hundred feet
in circumfer-
ence.

Ba'o-bab (ba'o-
bab), to. An
African tree,
the largest
known tree in
the world.

Bap'tism (bap'-
tiz'm), to. A
baptizing ; ap-
plication of water to a person, as a religious
ceremony. — Bap-tis'mal (-tiz'mal), a. Per-
taining to baptism. — Bap'tist (-tist), n. One
who administers baptism ; one who allows the
baptism of adults only, and that by immersion.
— Bap'tis-ter-y (-tts-tSr-y), Bap'tis-try (-try),
to. A place for baptizing. —Bap-tlze' (-tlz'), v. t.
To administer the sacrament of baptism to ; to
christen. — Bap-tiz'er, to.

Bar (bar), to. A bolt ; a barrier ; an obstacle ;
an inclo8ure in an inn, court of justice, etc. ;
the body of lawyers; a tribunal ; a division of
the staff in music, — v. t. [Baered (bard);
Barbing.] To fasten with a bar ; to shut out ;
to except ; to cross with lines or stripes.

Barb (barb), to. The beard, or that which resem-
bles it ; a point standing backward in an arrow,
fishhook, etc. — v. t. To furnish (an arrow,
hook, etc.) with barbs.

Barb (barb), to. The Barbary horse, introduced
into Spain by the Moors ; a kind of pigeon.

Bai'ba-rous (bar'ba-rus), a. Uncivilized or sav-
age ; rude ; cruel ; ferocious. — Bar'ba-r0US-ly,
adv. — Bar-ba'ri-an (-ba'rT-an), n. An unciv-
ilized man; a savage. — - a. Uncivilized: cruel;
inhuman. — Bar-bar'ic (-bXr'Tk),". Foreign;
rude; unrefined. — Bar-bar'i-ty (-bar'T-t y ), n.
Savage state ; barbarism ; cruelty. — Barba-
rize (bar'ba-riz), v. t. To make barbarous.

Bar'bate (biir'bat), a. Bearing lines or tufts of |
hair ; bearded. I

BarT>e-CUe (baVbe-ku), to. A hog, ox, or other
animal roasted whole ; an open-air feast at
which animals are roasted whole, — v. t. To
dress and roast whole.

Barrel (bar'bel), to. A small process appended to
the mouth of certain fishes ; a fresh-water fish.

Barker (bar'ber), to. One whose business is to
shave the beard and cut and dress the hair.

Bar^er-ry (barO^r-ry), to. A hedge plant.

Bar 'bet (bar'bet), to. A small shaggy-haired dog ;
a bird resembling the cuckoo ; a kind of worm.

i!Bar-bette/ (bar-bet'), to. A mound of earth sup-
porting guns mounted to fire over the parapet.

Bard (bard), to. A Celtic minstrel ; a poet. —
Bard'ic, a. Pertaining to bards or their poetry.

Bare (bSr), a. Without covering ; naked ; with
head uncovered ; empty ; unfurnished ; mere ;
simple, — v. t. [Bared (bSrd) ; Baring.] To
strip off the covering of ; to make naked. —
Bare'ly, adv. Only ; merely ; nakedly. — Bare/-
ness, to. Nakedness. — Bare'faced' (-fast'), a.
With the face uncovered ; without concealment ;
shameless; impudent. — Bare ' faced ' ly, adv.
— Bare'fOOt (-f66t), a. & adv. With the feet
bare ; without shoes or stockings. — Bare'f OOted
a. Having the feet bare.

HBa-rege7 (ba-razh'), to. A thin silk or worsted
fabric for ladies' dresses, veils, etc.

Bar'galn (bar'gen), n. An agreement concerning
sale of property ; a stipulation ; a satisfactory
transaction, —v. I. [Bargained (-ggnd) ; Bar-
gaining.] To transfer for a consideration. — v.
i. To make a contract ; to agree. — Bargain-
ee' (bar'gSn-e'), to. The party in a contract who

agrees to receive property sold. — Bar'gain-er
"ar'gSn-er), Bar'gain-or' (bar'gen-6r'), to.

(b

One who makes a bargain with another.
Barge (barj), to. A large boat ; a large omnibus. —

Barge'man (-man), to. The manager of a barge ;

one of the crew of a barge.
Ba-ril'la (ba-rT11a), to. A seashore plant, whose

ashes yield soda ; impure carbonate of soda.
Bar'i-tone, a. & to. See Barytone.
Bark (bark), to. The exterior covering of a tree ;

the rind.— v. t. [Barked (barkt) ; Barking.]

To strip the bark from ; to girdle ; to peel ; to

cover or inclose with bark.
Bark (bark), to. The noise made by a dog. — v. i.

To make the noise of dogs ; to clamor.
Bark, Barane (bark),

to. A three-masted

vessel, having fore

and main masts

rigged as a ship,

and mizzen as a

schooner; any

small vessel.
Bar'ley (bar My), to.

A grain of the grass

kind, used for food

and for making

malt. — Bar'ley-corn' (-k8rn ), to. A grain of

barley ; the third part of an inch.
Barm (barm), to. Foam on fermenting malt

liquors; yeast. — Barm'y (-y), a- Containing

barm or yeast.
Bam (barn), v. A building for storing grain,

hay, etc. ; a stable for cattle or horses.
Bar'na-Cle (b'ar'na-k'l), n. A kind of shellfish

adhering to rocks, timber, etc.
Bar'na-Cle (biir'na-k'l), n. A )>ernicle goose.

a, S, I, o, u, long ; &, C, I, 5, A, yi short j senfite, fivent, Idea, fcbey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

BARNACLES

33

BASSET

Bar'na-cles (bar'na-k'lz), n. pi. Nippers put on
a horse's nose to confine him ; spectacles.

Ba-rom'e-ter (ba-roni'e-ter), n. An instrument
showing the weight of the atmosphere, to indi-
cate changes of weather or height of an ascent.

— Bar'o-met'ric (bar'6-met'rik), Bar'o-mef-
ric-al (-rf-kal), a. Pertaining to the barometer.

Bar'on (bar'un), n. The lowest English title of
nobility ; one between a viscount and a baronet
in rank. — Bar'on-age (-6-naj), n. The whole
body of barons or peers ; the estate or dignity of
a baron. — Bar'on-ess (-un-es), n. A baron's
wife ; a lady holding the baronial title in her
own right. —Ba-IO'nl-al (ba-ro'nw/1), a. Be-
longing to a baron or barony. — Bar'O-ny (baV-
o-ny), n. Lordship or fee of a baron.

Bar'on-et (bar'o-net), n. A dignity or degree of
honor next below a baron and above a knight.

— Bar'on-et-age (-aj), n. The collective body
of baronets ; the state of a baron. — Bar'on-
et-cy (-sj), n. Rank of a baronet.

Bar'O-SCOpe (baVo-skop), n. An instrument show-
ing changes in the weight of the atmosphere.

Ba-rouche' (ba-roosh'), n. A four-wheeled car-
riage with falling top, and two seats inside.

Barque (bark), n. Same as Bark, a vessel.

Bar'rack (baVrak), n. A house for soldiers, es-
pecially in garrison ; a movable roof, to cover
hay, etc. — v. t. & i. To lodge in barracks.

HBar'ra-COOn' (ba^'ra-kobn'), n. A slave ware-
house or inclosure.

Bai'ra-tor (bar'ra-ter), n. An encourager of liti-
gation.— Bar'ra-trous (-trus), a. Tainted with
barratry. — Bar'ra- try (-tr^), n. Practice of
encouraging lawsuits ; foul dealing ; bribery ;
a breach of duty by a ship's officers or crew.

Bar'rel (bar'rgl), n. A round, bulgy vessel or
cask ; the quantity which such a vessel contains ;
any hollow cylinder or tube. — v. t. [Barreled
(-rSld) or Barrelled; Barreling or Barrel-
lino.] To put or pack in a barrel.

Bar'ren (baVren), a. Unfruitful ; sterile ; scanty ;
dull ; empty. — n. An unproductive tract of
land. — Bar'ren-ly, adv. — Bar'ren-ness, n.

Barricade7 (bSr'rl-kad'), n. A defensive fortifi-
cation, made in haste ; any bar, obstruction, or
means of defense. — v. t. To fortify ; to stop up
(a passage, etc.).

Bar'ri-er (bar'rl-er), n. A fence to stop an en-
emy ; an obstruction ; a limit or boundary.

Bar'fis-ter (baVrls-ter), n. A counselor quali-
fied to plead at the bar.

Bar'room' (bar'robm'), n. A room containing a
bar, or counter, for the sale of liquors.

Bar'row (baVro), n. A portable carriage.

Bar'row (baVro), n. A hog, esp. a castrated hog.

Bar'row (bar'ro), n. A mound of earth, over the
remains of the dead ; a heap of rubbish.

Bar'ter (bar'ter), v. i. & t. [Bartered (-terd) ;
Bartering.] To exchange in the way of traffic.

— n. Exchange of commodities; dealing ; truck ;
interchange. — Bar'ter-er, n.

Ba-ry'ta (ba-ri'ta), n. The heaviest of the earths.

— Ba-ry'tes (-tez), n. Sulphate of baryta;
heavy spar. — Ba-ryt/ic (-rit'Tk), a. Pertaining
to, formed of, or containing, baryta.

Bar'y-tone (b5rT-ton), Bar'i-tone, a. Grave, and
deep, as a kind of male voice ; not marked with
an accent on the last syllable, the grave accent
being understood. — n. A barytone voice or
word.

r — ^

Ei

Ba'sal (ba'sal), a. Pertaining to, or constituting,

the base.
Ba-salt/ (ba-salt'), n. A rock of igneous origin,

very hard and usually of a greenish-blacK color.

— Ba-salt'ic (-Tk), a. Pertaining to, formed of,
or containing, basalt.

llBas'-bleu' (ba/blfi'), n. A literary lady ; a blue-
stocking.

Base (bas), a. Low in origin, rank, value, etc.
illegitimate ; mean ;
not refined ; worth-
less ; deep or grave
in sound. [Generally
bass, in this sense.]

— n. The bottom ;

a foundation ; a ped- *-i

estal ; the principal I

chemical element of Base.

acompouud; the

lowest part in music. [Generally bass, in this
sense.] — v. I. [Based (bast) ; Basing.] To put
on a base or pedestal ; to found. — Base'ly , adv.
In a base manner ; illegitimately. — Base'ness,
n. — Base'less, a. Without foundation or sup-
port.

Baseball' (bas'balO, n. A game of ball, wherein
four bases designate the circuit each player must
make after striking the ball.

Base'born' (bas'bSru'), a. Born of low parentage
or out of wedlock.

Base'ment (bas'ment), n. The lower story of a
building.

Ba-shaw' (ba-sha/), n. A title of honor in the
Turkish dominions. [Usually written pasha.']

Bash'ful (b5sb/ful), a. Easily abashed ; shy. —
Bash'ful-ly, adv. — Bash'ful-ness, n.

Bash/i-ba-zouk' (bash'I-ba-zdok'), n. One of the
irregular troops of the Turkish army.

Ba'slc (ba'sik), a. Relating to, or performing
the office of, a base.

Bas'il (baz'il), n. The angle to which the edge of
a tool is ground, — v. t. To bevel the edge of.

Bas'il (bSz'Tl), n. A fragrant plant, of the Mint
family ; also, the skin of a sheep tanned.

Ba-sil'I-ca (ba-ztl'T-ka), n. A large hall or court
of justice ; a church, chapel, or cathedral.

HBa-sil'i-COn. (ba-zil'T-k5n), n. An ointment com-
posed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oiL

Bas'i-lisk (baz'T-ltsk), n. A fabulous serpent,
called a cockatrice ; a crested genus of lizards ;
an obsolete piece of ordnance.

Ba'sin (ba's'n), n. A hollow vessel, dish, or
pool ; a pond ; a dock ; a valley.

Ba'sis (ba'sis), n. Foundation ; base ; support.

Bask (bask), v. i. [Basked (baskt) ; Baskdw.]
To lie in warmth. — r. t. To warm.

Bas'ket (bas'kgt), n. A vessel made of twigs, «ar
other flexible material, interwoven ; the ex-
tents of a basket.

Basque (bask), a. Pertaining to Biscay, its people,
or their language, —n. One of the people of
Biscay ; their language ; a part of a lady's drees,
resembling a jacket.

Bas-re-lief (ba're-lef'), n. Low relief; sculp-
ture in which the figures are slightly raised
above the groundwork.

Bass (basX n. A food fish, of many species.

Bass (bas), n. The linden, or lime tree.

Bass (bas), n. The lowest part in a musical com-
position.—a. Grave or deep in tone.

Bas'set (bSs'sgt or bSs-sSt'), n. A game at cards.

f 8m, recent, orb, ryde, full, urn, food, f obt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BASSOON

34

BEAMY

(bXs-soon'), n. A musical wind instru-
ment with holes stopped by the fingers.

Bass' vi'ol (bas ' vi'ul). A stringed instrument
for playing the bass part ; the violoncello.

Bas'tard (bsJs'terd), a. Illegitimate ; spurious.
— n. An illegitimate child. — Bas'tar-dy (-ter-
dy), 7i. Illegitimacy ; procreation of a bastard.

Baste (bast), v. t. To beat ; to cudgel ; to put
flour, salt, and butter on (meat) in roasting.

Baste (bast), v. t. To sew slightly, or with long

Bas-tile/ (bas-tel' or bas'tel). Bastille', n. A
tower used in warfare ; a prison.

Bas'tl-nade' (baVtT-nad'), Bas'ti-na'do (-na'do),
n. A beating, esp. on the soles of the feet, with
a cudgel. — v. t. To beat on the soles of the feet.

Bas'tion (bas'chun), n. A part of a fortification
projecting from the rampart ; a bulwark.

Bat (b5t), n. A heavy club, used in playing ball ;
a sheet of cotton for filling quilts ; a piece of a
brick. — v.t. [Batted; Batting.] To strike
with a bat ; to beat. — -Bat'ter, Bats'man (b£ts'-
man), n. One holding the bat in games of ball.

Bat (b5t), n. A flying, insectivorous mammal.

Batch (b5ch), n. The quantity of bread baked
at one time ; a business dispatched at once ; a
quantity of similar things.

Bate (bat), v. t. To lessen ; to abate.

||Ba-teau' (ba-to'), n. ; pi. Bateaux (-toz'). A
long, light boat. — Bateau bridge. A floating
bridge supported by bateaux.

Bath (bath), n. A Hebrew measure.

Bath (bath), n. A place to bathe in ; a washing.

Bathe (bath), v. t. [Bathed (bathd) ; Bathing.]
To wash ; to moisten with a liquid, — 1>. i. To
be, or lie, in a bath. — n. Immersion of the
body in water ; a bath. — Bath'er (bath'er), n.

Ba'thos (ba'thos), n. A ludicrous descent in
style, in writing or speaking.

HBat'on (bat'un, F. ba-t6N'), Ba-tOOn' (ba-toon'),
n. A staff or truncheon.

Ba-tra'chi-an (ba - tra ' kT - an), a. Pertaining to
animals of the frog kind ; amphibian. — n. An
animal of this order.

Bat-tal'ion (b£t-t51'yun), n. A body of infantry
troops.

Bat'ten (bat't'n), v. t. & i. [Battened (-t'nd) ;
Battening.] To fatten ; to glut.

Bat'ten (bat't'n), n. A narrow piece of board, or
scantling. — v. t. To fasten with battens.

Barter (bat'ter), v. t. [Battered (-terd) ; Bat-
tering.] To beat repeatedly ; to bruise ; to de-
molish. — n. A mixture of several semi-liquid
ingredients, beaten together, for cookery. —
Bat'ter-er, n.

Bat'ter (bSt/ter), n. One who holds the bat in
ball games.

Bat'ter-ing-ram' (bat'-ter-Tng-ram'), n. A mili-
tary engine to beat down walls of besieged
places ; a blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and
worked horizontally.

Bat'ter-y (b5t'ter-y), n. A battering ; a place
where cannon are mounted ; a body of cannon
collectively ; an apparatus for containing or gen-
erating electricity ; the unlawful beating of an-
other.

Bat'ting (bSt'ting), n. Cotton or wool in sheets ;
bat.

Bat'tle (bSt't'l), n. A fight; an encounter; an
action ; a combat ; an engagement, — v. i. & t.
To fight ; to contend.

Eattledoors.

Bat'tle-door' (baVt'1-dor'), n. A light, flattened
bat, to strike a shuttlecock.

Bat'tle-ment (bat't'1-meht), n.
An indented parapet, sur-
mounting a, wall.

Bau'ble (ba'b'l), Baw'ble, n. A
trifling piece of finery ; a gew-
gaw ; a trinket ; a fool's club.

Bawd (bad), n. A lewd woman.

— v. i. " To promote lewdness.

— Bawd'y (-y), a. Filthy;
obscene. — Bawd'i -ly, adv.

— Bawd'i-ness, n.
Bawl (bal), v. i. & t. [Bawled

(bald) ; Bawling.] To call

out loudly ; to cry. — n. A loud cry ; an outcry.

Bay (ba), a. Red or reddish ; — applied to the
color of horses.

Bay (ba), n. An inlet of the sea ; a recess in
a wall ; a compartment in a barn for depositing
hay ; mahogany wood (from Campeachy Bay).

Bay (ba), n. The laurel tree ; an honorary crown,
anciently made of branches of laurel.

Bay (ba), v. i. [Bated (bad) ; Baying.] To bark,
as a dog at his game. — v. t. To bark at ; to
bring to bay. — n. Prolonged barking ; a 6tate
of being obliged to face an enemy or a difficulty,
when escape is impossible.

Bay (ba), n. A bank or dam. —v. t. To dam
(water) up or back.

Bay'ber-ry (ba'ber-r^), n. The fruit, also the
plant, of the bay tree, and of the wax myrtle.

Bay'O-net (ba'6-net), n. A dagger-like instru-
ment fitted to the muzzle of a gun. — v. t. [Bay-
oneted ; Bayoneting.] To stab with a bayonet.

Bay'OU (bi'oo), n. An inlet from a lake, river, etc.

Bay' rum' (ba' rum'). A fragrant liquor for the
toilet, etc.

Bay' salt' (ba' salt'). Salt obtained from sea-
water, by evaporation.

Bay' tree' (ba' tre7). A species of laurel.

Bay' win'dOW (ba' wln'do). A window forming
a bay or recess In a room.

Ba-zaar' (ba-zar'), Ba-zar', n. An Eastern mar-
ketplace, or assemblage of shops ; a hall or suite
of rooms, or a fair for selling fancy goods.

Bdell'ium (del'yum), n. An Oriental gum resin.

Be (be), v. i. [imp. Was (w5z) ; p. p. Been (bin) ;
p. pr. & vb. n. Being.] To exist.

Beach (bech), n. A sandy or pebbly shore ;
strand, —v. I. To run (a boat) upon a beach.

Bea'con (be'k'n), n. A signal fire ; a warning.

Bead (bed), n. A little perforated ball, strung on
thread; a globule, — v. t. To ornament with
•Bead'lng, n. Molding in imitation of
Bead'y, a. Like beads ; small, round,
and glistening ; adorned with beads.

Bea'dle (be'd'l), n. A messenger or crier of a
court ; an inferior parish officer.

Bea'gle (be'g'l), n. A small hound.

Beak (bek), n. The bill or nib of a bird, turtle,
etc. — Beaked (bekt), a. Having a beak ;
pointed.

Beak'er (bSk'er), n. A drinking cup.

Beam (bem), n. A large timber ; a piece of the
framework of a house, ship, plow, engine, etc. ;
breadth of a ship ; a ray or gleam (of light).

— v.t. [Beamed (bemd) ; Beaming.]" To send
forth; to emit. — v. ?'. To shine. — Beam'ing,
a. Radiant. — Beam'y, a. Radiant ; heavy
like a beam ; massy ; having horns or antlers.

a, e, 1, 5, wl, long ; i, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; seuftte, Svent, Idea, ftbey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

BEAN

35

BEDTIME

Black Bear.

Bean (ben), n. A leguminous plant, and its seed,
of many varieties.

Bear (ba"r), v. t. [imp. Bore (bor) (formerly
Bare (bsir)) ; p. p. Born (born), Borne ; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bearing.] To support ; t% bring forth
(children, fruit, etc.) ; to carry ; to suffer. — v. i.
To suffer ; to produce ; to press ; to refer ; to
be situated. — Bear'a-ble, a. Endurable ; tol-
erable. — Bear'er, n.— Bear'ing, n. Deport-
ment ; mien ; support ; tendency.

Bear (bSlr), n. A plantigrade, carnivorous quad-
ruped ; a stock broker
interested to depress
prices ; a surly fellow.

— v. t. To depress
(prices of stock, etc.).

— Bear'ish, a. Like
a bear in manners or
temper ; surly ; rude.

— Bear's-f oof (barz'-
fo6t'), n. A plant of
the Hellebore family.

— Bear'skin', n. The skin of a bear, or a sol-
dier's cap made from it ; a shaggy, heavy cloth.

Beard (herd), n. The hair growiug on the chin,
lips, and sides of the face of men ; stiff hairs on
a plant ; awn. — v. t. To pull the beard of ; to
set at defiance. — Beard'ed, a. Having a beard.

— Beard'less, a. Without a beard ; youthful.
Bear'er, Bear'ing, n. See under Bear, v. t.
Beast (best), n. An irrational animal; a brute;

a degraded or brutal person. — Beast'ly, a.
Pertaining to or like a beast ; brutal ; filthy ;
abominable ; disgusting. — Beast'li-ness, n.
Beat (bet), v. t. [imp. Beat ; p. p. Beat, Beat-
en (be't'n) ; Beating.] To strike repeatedly ;
to outdo ; to surpass ; to overcome ; to conquer.

— v. i. To strike ; to dash ; to throb ; to pulsate.

— n. A blow ; a stroke ; a pulsation ; a round
or course ; a place of resort ; a defeat. — a.
Weary ; tired out. — Beat'er, n. — Beat' en,
(be't'n), a. Made smooth by beating or worn
by use. — Beat'ing, n. A striking; a punish-
ment ; a pulsation ; a throbbing ; a sailing in
tacks against the wind.

Be-at'i-fy(be-5t'T-fi),v. t. [Beatified; Beatify-
ing.] To pronounce, or make, happy ; to bless. —
Be'a-tif'ic (be'a-tif'Ik), Be'a-tif'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Making happy or blessed. — Be-at'i-fi-ca'-
tion (be-5t'I-fi-ka'shuu), n. A beatifying ; ad-
mission to heavenly honors. — Be-at'i-tude (-aV-
T-tud). n. Blessedness ; perfect felicity.

HBeau (bo), n. ; pi. F. Beaux, E. Beaus (boz).
A man studious of dress and manner ; a lady's
attendant or suitor ; a coxcomb ; a fop. —
Beau'ish, a. Foppish ; gay.

HBeau' i-de'al (b5' i-de'al). [F.] A conception
of perfect beauty.

HBeau' monde' (bo' m5nd'). The fashionable
world.

Beau'ty (bu'tjf), n. Whatever pleases the eye or
the mind ; assemblage of graces ; loveliness ;
elegance ; a lovely woman. — Beau'te-OUS (bu7-
te-Qs), a. Very fair or handsome ; beautiful. —
Beau'te-ous-ly, adv. — Beau'te-ous-ness, n. —
Beau'ti-ful (-tT-ful), a. Having qualities which
constitute beauty ; handsome ; pretty. — Beau'ti-
ful-ly, adv. — Beau'ti-f ul-ness, n. — Beau'ti-f y
(-fi), v. t. To make or render beautiful ; to
adorn ; to ornament ; to embellish ; to deck. —
v. i. To become beautiful. — Beau'ti-fi'er, n.

Bea'ver (be'ver), n. An amphibious, rodent quad-
ruped ; his fur ; a hat, also a heavy cloth, made
in imitation of such fur.

Beaver.

Bea'ver (be'ver), n. The front piece of a helmet,
protecting the face.

Be-calm' (be-kam'), v. t. [Becalmed (-kamd') ;
Becalming.] To render calm ; to appease ; to
quiet ; to keep from motion by want of wind.

Be-came7, imp. of Become.

Be-cause' (be-kaz'), conj. By or for the cause or
reason that ; for ; since ; as.

Be-chance' (De-Chans'), v. t. To befall ; to hap-
pen to ; to occur to.

llBeche' de mer' (bash' de mer'). The trepang ;
a sea slug.

Beck (bek), n. A small brook.

Beck (bek), v. i. [Becked (b5kt) ; Becking.] To
nod ; to sign with the head or hand. — v. I. To
notify by a nod; to intimate. — n. A nod or
sign.

Beck'on (bek'k'n), v. i. & t. [Beckoned (-k'nd) ;
Beckoning.] To direct by a significant motion ;
to notify by nod or sign.

Be-cloud' (be-kloud'), v. t. To obscure ; to over-
shadow.

Be-come' (be-kum/), v. i. [Became (-kam') ; Be-
coming.] To be made ; to be changed to. — v. t.
To fit ; to befit ; to suit. — Be-COm'ing, a. Ap-
propriate ; fit ; congruous ; suitable ; graceful.

— Be-com'ing-ly, adv. — Be-com'ing-ness, n.
Bed (bed), n. A couch to sleep on, or on which

anything rests ; a bank of earth ; the bottom of
a stream or other water ; a layer ; a stratum ;
a foundation. — v. t. [Bedded ; Bedding.] To
put in a bed ; to inclose ; to cover. — v. i. To
go to bed; to cohabit. — Bed'ding, n. Mate-
rials for a bed. — Bed'bug' (-bug'), n. A blood-
sucking insect which infests houses, beds, etc.

— Bed'cham'ber (-cham'ber), n. A room for
sleeping in. — Bed'clothes' (-klothz' or -kloz'),
n. pi. Blankets, sheets, etc., for a bed. — Bed'-
fel'lOW (-feFlo), n. One who sleeps in the
same bed with another. — Bed'pan' (-pan'), n.
A shallow chamber vessel for one sick in bed. —
Bed'piece' (-peV), Bed'plate' (-plat'), n. A
foundation piece or frame supporting a ma-
chine. — Bed'quilt' (-kwThV), n. A coverlet. —
Bed'room' (-room'), n. A sleeping apartment.

— Bed'side' (-sid'), n. The side of a bed. —
Bed'sore' (-sor'), n. A sore on the back or
hips of one who has lain long in bed. — Bed'-
Spread' (-sprgd'), n. A coverlet ; a bedquilt. —
Bed' Stead (-sted), n. A framework supporting
a bed. — Bed'tick' (-tik'), n. A cloth bag, in-
closing materials of a bed. — Bed'time' (-tim'),
n. Hour for going to bed.

fgm, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tnen, tnin.

BEDABBLE

36

BEGUILE

Be-dab'ble (be-dab'b'l), v. t. [Bedabbled (-b'ld) ;
Bedabbling.] To sprinkle ; to wet.

Be-dag'gle (be-dag'g'l), v. t. To soil.

Be-daub' (be-dab'), v. t. [Bedaubed (-dabd') ;
Bedaubing.] To smear ; to soil ; to daub over.

Be-deck' (be-dek'), v. t. [Bedecked (-dekf) ;
Bedecking.] To deck ; to ornament ; to adorn.

Be-deVil (be-dev'v'l), v. t. To tbrow into utter
confusion ; to torment ; to spoil.

Be-dew' (be-du'), v. t. [Bedewed (-dud') ; Be-
dewing.] To moisten, as with dew.

Be-dim' (be -dun'), v. t. [Bedimmed (-dlmd') ;
Bedimming.] To make dim ; to obscure ; to
darken.

Be-di'zen (be-dlz'z'n or -di'z'n), v. t. To dress
tawdrily ; to deck with mean finery.

Bed'lam (bed'lam), n. A madhouse ; an insane
person. — a. Belonging to, or fit for, a mad-
house. — Bed'lam-ite (-it), n. A madman.

Bed'OU-Ln (bed'66-en or -In), n. One of the no-
madic Arabs of Arabia and Africa.

Be-drag'gle (be-drag'g'l), v. t. To soil, by drag-
ging in dirt.

Be-drencll' ( be - drench ' ), v. t. [Bedbenched
(-drenchf) ; Bedrenching.] To drench ; to

Bed'rid' (bed'rid'),' Bed'rid-den (-d'n), a. Con-
fined to the bed by age or infirmity.

Be-dwarf' (be-dwarf), v. t. To make a dwarf of ;
to stunt.

Be-dye' (be-di'), v. t. To dye or stain.

Bee (be), n. A four- winged insect of many species ;
an assemblage of persons who labor for the
benefit of an individual or family ; pi. pieces of
plank bolted to the end of a ship's bowsprit. —
Bee'bread' (be'bred'), n. The pollen of flowers,
collected by bees, as food for their young. —
Bee'Mve' (-hiv'), n. A hive for a swarm of bees.
— Bee line. The shortest line from one place to
another ; an air line. — Bees'wax' (bez'waks'),
Wax secreted by bees, and used in constructing
their cells. — Bees'wing7 (-wing'), n. A crust,
consisting of tartar and resembling a bee's wing,
formed in old wine.

Beech (bech), n. A nut-bearing forest tree. —
Beech/en (bech''n), a. Consisting of, or per-
taining to, the wood or bark of the beech. —
Beech/nut (-nut), n. The nut of the beech.

Beef (bet), n. Flesh of an ox or cow ; an animal
of the ox kind. [In this sense it has a plural,
Beeves (bevz).] — a. Like, or pertaining to,

1 Neck
« Hrisket
Round ; 11 Leg
Cheek.

2 Shakincr-piece

Flank : 8 l.oin. Sirloin ; 9 Rump

3 Chine ; 4 Ribs
,oin. Sirloin ;
12 Foot; 13 Udder

5 Clod ;

10

14 Shin ; 15

beef. — Beefy (-y), a. Having much beef ; re-
sembling beef ; flesh y. — Beef ' eat ' er, n. One
who eats beef ; a large, plump, well-fed person ;

a yeoman of the guard, in England ; an African
bird, that feeds on maggots hatched under the
skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. — Beefsteak' (bef-
stak'), n. A slice of beef for broiling.

Been (bin), p* p. of Be.

Beer (ber), n. A fermented liquor made from
malt with hops. — Beer'y, a. Of, resembling,
or affected by, beer.

Beet (bet), n. A plant, having a succulent root
used for food and for making sugar.

Bee'tle (be't'l), n. A mallet or wooden hammer.
— v. t. To beat with a mallet ; to produce fig-
ures (in metal, etc.) by such beating.

Bee'tle (be't'l),?!. A coleopterous insect having
four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for
covering the others when folded up.

Bee'tle (be't'l), v. i. To extend out ; to jut.

Beeve (bev), n. A bull, ox, or cow. See Beef.

Be-fall' (be-ial'), v. t. [imp. Befell (-lei') ; p. p.
Befallen (-1 al''n) ; Befalling.] To happen to ;
to occur to. — v. i. To come to pass ; to happen.

Be-fit' (be-tlf), v. t. To be suitable ; to become.

Be-fogged' (be-fogd'), a. Involved in a fog^

Be-fool' (be -fool'), v. t. [Befooled (-fobld') ;
Befooling.] To fool ; to infatuate; to deceive.

Be-fore' (be-f or'), prep. In front of ; preceding ;
in presence or sight of ; facing ; in the power
of. — adv. On the fore part ; in time preced-
ing ; already.

Be-fore'hand' (be-for'hSnd'), adv. Previously. —
a. Well provided.

Be-fore'time/ (be-for'tim'), adv. Of old time ; for-
merly.

Be-foul' (be-foul'), v. t. To make foul ; to soil ;
to dirty.

Be-friend' (be-frend'), v. t. To treat or serve as
a friend ; to favor ; to aid ; to countenance.

Beg (beg or ba), n. A Turkish governor of a
town or district ; a bey.

Beg (beg), v. t. [Begged (begd) ; Begging.] To
ask earnestly ; to entreat ; to implore ; to be-
seech ; to supplicate. — v . i. To ask alms ; to
solicit favor or charity.

Be-gan', imp. of Begin.

Be-get' (be-gef), v. t. [imp. Begot (-g5f), {Ar-
chaic Begat (-gat')) ; p. p. Begot, Begotten
(-got't'n) ; Begetting.] To procreate or gener-
ate ; to get ; to produce. — Be-get'ter, n.

Beg'gar ( beg ' ger ), n. One w ho begs or lives
by begging ; a mendicant. — v. t. [Beggared
(-gerd) ; Beggaring.] To reduce to beggary ; to
exhaust. —Beg'gar-ly (-ger-ly), a. In the con-
dition of a beggar ; mean ; poor. — adv. Meanly.
— Beg'gar-y (-ger-y), n. Indigence.

Be-gild' (be-glld'), v. t. To cover with gold.

Be-gin' (be-gin'), v. i. [imp. Began (-gan') ; p. p.
Begun (-gun'); p. pr. Beginning.] To take
rise ; to commence ; to do the first act ; to take
the first step. — r. t. To commence. — Be-gin'-
ner, n. — Be-gin'ning, n. The first cause ; ori-
gin ; source.

Be-gird' (be-gerd'), v. t. To gird ; to encompass ;
to inclose.

Be-gone' (be-gon'), interj. Go away ; depart.
Be-got', Be-got'ten, imp. & p. p. of Beget.
Be-grime' (bS-giim'), v. t. [Begrimed (-grimd') ;

Begriming.] To soil with grime or dirt.
Be-grudge' (be-gruj'), v. t. [Bbbbudgbd (-griijd');

Begrudging.] To envy the possession of.
Be-guile' (be-gil'), v. t. [Beguiled (-gild'); Be-
guiling.] To delude by utiiee ; to impose on ;

a, e, I, o, fi, long ; a, €, 1, 6, ii, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey , finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

BEGUILEMENT

37

BENEFIT

to cheat ; to insnare ; to amuse. — Be-gnile'-
ment, n. A deceiving. — Be-guil'er, n.

HBe'gum. (ba'gum or be'giim), n. An East India

princess.
Be-gun', p- p. of Begin.

Be-half/ (be-haf), n. Advantage ; favor ; bene-
fit ; interest ; defense.
Be-have7 (^e-hav'), v. t. [Behaved (-havd') ;
Behaving.] To carry ; to conduct ; to manage ;
to demean. — v. i. To act ; to bear or carry one's
self. — Be-hav'ior (-hav'yur), n. Manner of be-
having ; conduct ; deportment.
Be-head' (be-hed'), v. t. To sever the head from ;

to take off the head of ; to decapitate.
Beheld', imp. & p. p. of Behold.
Be'he-moth (be 'he -moth), n. An animal de-
scribed in Job xl. 15-24.
Be-hest' (be-hest'), n. Command ; injunction.
Be-hind' (be-hind'), prep. At the back of ; on
the other side of ; inferior to. — adv. At or to-
wards the rear ; past.— Be-hind'hand' (-hand'),
a. In arrear.
Be-hold' (be-hold'), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
Beheld (-held'); (p. p. formerly Beholden
(-hol'd'n), now used only as a.) ; p. pr. Behold-
ing.] To look at attentively ; to regard. — Be-
hold'en (-hol'd'n), a. Obliged ; indebted. —
Be-hold'er, n.
Be-hoof (be-hooP), n. Advantage ; profit ; bene-
fit. — Be-hoove' (-hobv'), v. t. To be necessary,
fit, or meet for ; to become.
Be'ing (be'Tng), p. pr. of Be. — n. Existence in

fact or in thought ; that which exists.
Be-la'bor (be-la'ber), v. t. To thump ; to beat.
Be-late/ (be-lat'), v. t. To make late.
Be-lay' (be-la'), v. t. [Belayed (-lad') ; Belay-
ing.] To make fast (a rope) by winding it around
something. — Belaying pin. A pin, on ships,
etc., round which ropes are wound when belayed.
Belch (belch), v. t. & i. [Belched (belcht) ;
Belching.] To throw up (wind) from the
stomach. — n. A belching ; an eructation.
Bel'dam, Bel'dame (bel'dam), n. Grandmother ;

an old woman ; a hag.
Be-lea'guer (be-le'ger), v. t. To besiege ; to block-
ade ; to invest ; to encompass.
II Bel'-es-prit' (bSl'Ss-pre7), n. ; pi. Beaux-esprits

(boz'es-pre'). A fine genius ; a man of wit.
Bel'fry (bel'fry), n. A bell tower ; a cupola or

turret in which a bell is hung.
Be-lie' ( be-H' ), v. t. [Belied ( - lid ' ) ; Belying
(-li'Tng).]* To give the he to; to vilify ; to
slander.
Be-lief (be-lef), n. Assent to the truth of evi-
dence or reasons ; a thing believed ; a tenet ;
trust ; faith ; credit ; con-
fidence. — Be-lieve7 (be-
lev'), v. t. [Believed
(-levd') ; Believing.] To
trust in ; to credit. — v. i.
To have faith ; to think ; to
suppose. — Be-liev'er, n.
Be-lit'tle (be-lTt't'l), v. t.
[Belittled (-t'ld) ; Be-
littling.] To make little
of ; to disparage.
Bell (bel), n. A bollow me-
tallic vessel which rings
when struck. — v. t. To
put a bell upon. — v. i.
To bellow ; to roar.

BeMa-don'na (bel'la-dSn'na), n. Deadly night-
shade, a plant used in medicine.

Belle (bel), n. A young and attractive lady.

II Belles-let'tres (bel - let ' ter), n. pi. Polite or
elegant literature.

Bel'li-COSe7 (bel'll-kos7), a. Disposed to conten-
tion ; pugnacious.

Bel-lig'er-ent (bel-lij'er-ent), a. Waging, or dis-
posed for, war. — n. A state carrying on war.

Bel'low (bel'16), v. i. [Bellowed (-lod) ; Bel-
lowing.] To make a hollow, loud noise, as a
bull ; to roar. — n. Outcry ; vociferation.

Bel'lOWS (bel'lus), n. sing. & pi. An instrument
for propelling air through a tube.

Bel'ly (bgl'ly-), n.; pi. Bellies (-liz). That
part of the body which contains the bowels;
the abdomen.— v. i. [Bellied (-lid) ; Belly-
ing.] To become protuberant ; to bulge ; to
swell ; to puff out.

Bel'ly-hand' (-bSnd'), n. A band encompassing
the belly ; a girth.

Be-long' (be-long'), v. i. [Belonged (-longd') ;
Belonging.] To be the property, concern, or
proper business of ; to appertain. — Be-long'ing,
n. A property ; a quality ; an endowment.

3e-l0Ved' (be-luvd' as p., be-liiv'ed as «.), p. p.
& a. Greatly loved ; dear to the heart.

Be-low' (be-ldv), prep. Under in time or place ;
beneath ; inferior to ; unworthy of ; unbefitting.
— adv. In a lower place ; on earth ; in hell, or
the regions of the dead.

Belt (belt), n. That which engirdles a thing ; a
band ; a girdle. — v . t. To encircle ; to encom-
pass. — Belt'ing, n. Material of which belts
are made ; belts, collectively.

Bel've-dere' (bel've-der'), n. A small open struc-
ture on top of a house ; a summerhouse.

Be-moan' (be-mon'), v. t. To lament ; to bewail.

Be-mock' (be m5k'), v. t. To ridicule ; to insult.

Bench (bench), n. A long seat or table ; a seat
where judges sit in court ; the persons who sit
as judges ; the court. — Bench'er, n. A senior
member of the English inns of court.

Bend (bend), v. t. & i. [Bended or Bent (bSnt) ;
Bending.] To crook ; to bow ; to submit. — n.
A turn ; a curve ; a knot. — Bend'a-ble, a. Ca-
pable of being bent. — Bend'er, n.

Be-neath' (be-neth ' or be-neth'), prep. Lower
than ; under ; below. — adv. In a lower place.

Ben'e-dict (ben'e-dTkt), Ben'e-dick (-dlk), n. A
man newly married.

Ben'e-dic'tion (beVe-dik'shun), n. A blessing ;
an invocation of happiness ; thanks.

Ben'e-fac'tion (ben'e-fSk'shun). n. A conferring
a benefit ; a benefit conferred ; a donation. —
Ben'e-fac'tor (-fak'ter), ». One who confers a
benefit. — Ben7 e-fac'tress (-fak'tres), n. A wo-
man who confers a benefit. — Ben'e-fice (ben'e-
fis), n. A church living. — Ben'e-ficed (-f l^t),
a. Possessed of a benefice.

Be-nef'i-cence (be-nef'T-sens), n. The practice
of doing good ; active goodness, kindness, or
charity. — Be-nef 'i-cent (-sent), a. Doing good ;
generous ; munificent. — Be-nef'i-cent-ly, adv.

Ben'e-fi'cial (ben/e-fish'ffl), a. Useful ; profit-
able. — Ben'e-fi'cial-ly, adv. — Ben'e-fi'ci-a-ry
(-T-a-r>' or-a-ry), a. Holding some office or pos-
session, in subordination to another, —n. A
feudatory or vassal ; one who holds a benefice ;
one receiving a gift, or maintained by charity.

Ben'e-fit (ben'e-fit), n. Advantage : profit ; use ;

fSrn, recent, 6rb, r|ide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thfnt

BENEVOLENCE

38

BETIDE

service ; favor conferred. — v. t. [Benefited ;
Benefiting.] To do good to; to profit, —-v. i.
To gain advantage.

Be-nev'O-lence (be-neV6-lens), n. Disposition to
do good ; good will ; kindness ; benignity ; ten-
derness. — Be-nev'O-lent (-lent), a. Beneficent ;
munificent. — Be-nev'O-lent-ly, adv.

Be-night' (be-mf), v. t. To involve in night,
darkness, or ignorance.

Be-nign' (be-nlu'), a. Gracious ; kind ; propi-
tious ; gentle ; generous. — Be-nign'ly, adv. —
Be-nig'nant (-mg'nant), a. Kind; gracious;
favorable. — Be-nig'nant-ly, adv. — Be-nig'-
ni-ty (-nT-t^), n. Benign quality.

Ben'i-son (ben'Y-z'n), n. Blessing ; benediction.

Bent (bent), imp. &p. p. of Bend. — n. A curve ;
bias ; propensity ; disposition ; tendency.

Benumb' (be-niim'), v. t. [Benumbed (-numd') ;
Benumbing.] To make numb or torpid.

Ben'zine (ben'zYn or bSn-zen'), n. An inflamma-
ble cleansing liquid.

Ben-ZO'fC (ben-zo'Ik), a. Pertaining to, or ob-
tained from, benzoin. — Ben-zoin' (-zoin'), n.
The fragrant, resinous juice of a tree of Su-
matra, Java, etc. — Ben'ZOle (ben'zol), Ben'-
ZO-line (-zo-lin), n. An oily substance from
bituminous coal, possessing solvent powers.

Be-praise7 (be-praz'), v. t. To praise excessively.

Be-queath' (be - kweth'), v. t. [Bequeathed
(-kwethd') ; Bequeathing.] To give by will ; to
hand down ; to transmit. — Be-queath'er, n. —
Be-quest' (-kwesf), n. Something left by will ;
a legacy.

Be-rate7 (be-raf), v. t. To rate ; to scold.

Be-reave' (be-rev'), v. t. [Bereaved (-revd') or
Bereft (-reft') ; Bereaving.] To make desti-
tute ; to deprive ; to take away from. — Be-
reavement (-ment), n. Deprivation.

Berg (berg), n. A mass of ice.

Ber'ga-mot (ber'ga-inot), n. A variety of orange
also of pear, and of mint ; perfume made from
the fruit ; snuff flavored with this perfume ; i
kind of tapestry.

Ber'ni-Cle (ber'nT-k'l), n. Arctic goose ; barnacle

Ber'ry (beVi-y), n. ; pi. Berrdhs (-riz). A small
pulpy fruit containing seeds ; an egg of a fish,
— v. i. [Berried (-rid) ; Berrying.] To pro-
duce berries, —v. t. To impregnate with eggs
or spawn.

Berth (berth), n. A place where a ship lies when
at anchor or at a wharf ; a bunk or sleeping
place in a ship ; a situation or employment. — v
t. [Berthed (bertht) ; Berthing.] To give
anchoraere to ; to allot berths to.

Ber'yl (beVTl), n. A bluish-green mineral or gem

Be-seech' (be-sech'), v. t. [Besought (-sat') ; Be-
seeching.] To ask or entreat; to implore; to

supplicate. — Be-seech'ing-ly, adv.

Be-seem' (be-sem'), v. t. To become ; to befit.

Be-set' (be-sef), v. I. [Beset ; Besetting.] To
set on, in, or around ; to hem in ; to waylay ;
to urge ; to press. — Be-set'ment, n. State of
being beset. — Be-set'tlng, a. Habitually at-
tending or pressing.

Be-Shrew' (bc-shru'), V. t. To curse ; to execrate.

Be-Side' (be-sld'), prep. At the side of ; aside
from ; out of ; over and above ; distinct from.
[In this use besides is more common.] — Be-
sides' (-sidz'), adv. More than that ; moreover ;
in addition.— prep. Over and above ; separate
or distinct from ; in addition to.

Be-siege' (be-sej'), v. t. [Besieged (-sejd') ; Be-
sieging.] To beset ; to environ ; to hem in ; to
encompass. — Be-sie'ger, n.
Be-slab'ber (be-slab'ber), Be-slav'er (-slav'er),
Be-slob'ber (-sloryber), Be-slub'ber (-slub'ber),
v. t. To soil or smear with spittle.
Be-smear' (be-smer'), v. t. [Besmeared (-smerd') ;
Besmearing.] To smear with glutinous matter ;
to soil ; to daub.

Be'som (be'zum), n. A brush of twigs ; a broom.

Be-SOt' (be-sof), v. t. To make sottish by drink ;
to infatuate. — Be-SOt'ted-ly, adv. In a besotted
manner. — Be-SOt'ted-ness, n.

Be-SOUght' (be-saf), p. p. of Beseech.

Be-spat'ter (be-spat'ter), v. t. To soil by spatter-
ing ; to asperse with calumny.

Be-speak' (be-spek'), v. t. [imp. Bespoke (-spok'),
(Archaic BESPAKE(-spak')) ; p. p. Bespoke, Be-
spoken (-spo'k'n); p. pr. Bespeaking.] To
speak for ; to engage beforehand ; to betoken ;
to show.

Be-spread/ (be-sprgd'), v. t. To spread or cover
over.

Be-sprinlde (be-sprin'k'l), v. t. To sprinkle
over ; to scatter over.

Bes'se-mer Steel' (bes'se-mer stel'). Steel made
directly from cast iron, the impurities being
burned out by forcing a blast of air through the
molten metal.

Best (best), a., superl. of Good. Having good
qualities in the highest degree ; most good ;
most correct or complete. — n. Utmost ; high-
est endeavor, — adv., superl. o/Well. In the
highest degree.

Be-Stain' (be-stan'), v. t. To mark with stains ;
to discolor ; to spot.

Bes'tial (bes'chal), a. Belonging to a beast;
brutal ; carnal ; vile ; sensual. — Bes-tial'i-ty
(-chaVT-ty" or -chT-Sl'T-ty), n. Beastliness. —
Bes'tial-ize (-chal-iz), v. t. To make bestial.

Be-Stir' (be-ster'), v. t. [Bestirred (-sterd') ; Be-
stirring.] To put into brisk action ; to hasten.

Be-Stow' (be-sto'), v . t. [Bestowed (-stod') ; Be-
stowing.] To stow ; to make use of ; to lay
out or up; to confer. — Be-StOW'al (-fll), Be-
Stow'ment, n. A bestowing ; a donation.

Be- Strew' (be-stru' or -stro'), v. t. [imp. Be-
strewed (-strud' or -strod') ; p. p. Bestrewed,
Bestrown (-stron') ; p. pr. Bestrewing.] To
scatter over ; to strow. [Spelt also best row.]

Be-Stride' (be-strid'), v t. [imp. ^Bestrode (be-
strod'), (Obs. or i?. Bestrid ("strTd')) ; p. p.
Bestridden (-strid'd'n), Bestrid, Bestrode ;
pr. pr. Bestriding.] To stride over ; to stand
or sit with the legs extended across.

Be-Strode' (be-strod'), imp. of Bestride.

Be-strown' (be-stron'), p. pr. of Bestrew.

Bet (bgt), n. That which is staked in a contest,
to be won by the victor ; a wager ; a stake. —
v.t. [Betted: Betting.] To stake ; to wager.
— Bet'ter, Bet'tor, n.

Be-take' (be-tak'), v. t. [imp. Betook (-to^kQ ;
p. p. Betaken (-ta'k'n) ; p.pr. Betaking.] To
have recourse to ; to apply ; to resort.

Be'tel (be't'l), n. An East India pepper. — Be-
tel nut. The nut of the areca palm, chewed
with betel leaves (whence its name) and lime.

Be-think' (b*-thTnk'), r . t. [Bethought (-that') ;
Bethinking.] To call to mind ; to rocnll ; to
recollect ; to reflect.

Be-tlde' (be-tid'), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betided,

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; sen&te, Svent, tdea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

BETIME

39

BID

(Obs. Betid (be-tid')); p- pr. Betiding.] To
happen to ; to befall. — v. i. To come to pass.

Be-time' (be-tim'), Be-times' (-thnz'), adv- In
good season or time ; soon.

Be-to'ken (be-to'k'n), v. t. To signify or foreshow
by present signs ; to portend ; to note.

Bet'o-ny (bgt'o-ny), n. A plant used to dye wool.

Be-took' (be-to6k'), imp. of Betake.

Be-tray' (be-tra'), v. t. [Betbayed (-trad') ; Be-
traying.] To give up treacherously or faith-
lessly ; to violate the confidence of ; to disclose
(a secret) ; to mislead ; to indicate. — Be-tray'al
(-tia'ol), n. A betraying. — Be-tray'er, n.

Be- troth' (be-troth'), v. t. To promise marriage
to ; to affiance ; to espouse. — Be-troth'al (-al),
Be-troth'ment (-ment), n. A mutual engage-
ment of marriage.

Bet'ter, Bet'tor, n. See under Bet, n.

Bet'ter (bet'ter), a., comp. of Good. Having
good qualities in a greater degree than another ;
preferable; improved in health. — n. Advan-
tage ; victory ; improvement ; a superior ; —
usually in pi. —adv., comp. of Well. In a su-
perior manner ; more correctly ; in a higher or
greater degree ; more. — v. t. [Bettered
(-terd) ; Bettering.] To improve; to amend ;
to correct ; to reform ; to rectify ; to advance ;
to promote. — Bet'ter-ment, n. Improvement.

Bet'ty (bet'tjf), n. A burglar's short bar for for-
cing doors ; a man busied with women's affairs ;
a flask covered with wicker work.

Be-tween' (be-twen'), Be-twixt' (-twtksf), prep.
In the middle of ; from one to another of
shared by both ; common to two.

BeVel (bSv'gl), n. A slant of a sur-
face at an angle not a right angle ; an
instrument for adjusting surfaces to
the same inclination. — a. Slanting.
— v. t. [Beveled (-eld) or Bev-
elled ; Beveling or Bevelling.] To cut to a
bevel angle, —v. i. To slant.

BeVer-age (bgv'er-aj), n. Liquor for drinking.

Bev'y (bev'^), n. A flock of birds ; a company.

Be-wail' (be-wal'), v. t. & i. To express sorrow ;
to mourn ; to lament.

Be- ware' (be-w&r'), v. i. To guard one's self ; to
be cautious ; to take heed. [Used in the impera-
tive and infinitive moods, and with auxiliaries
(shall, must, etc.) that go with the infinitive.]

Be-Wll'der (be-w!l'der), v. t. [Bewildered
(-derd) ; Bewildering.] To perplex ; to puz-
zle ; to confuse ; to lead astray. — Be-Wil'der-
ment, n. State of being bewildered.

Be- Witch' (be-wTch'), v. t. [Bewitched (-wTchf);
Bewitching.] To charm; to fascinate. — Be-
Witch'ing-ly, adv. In a manner to bewitch ;
charmingly. — Be-witch'ment,ra. Fascination.

Be-wray' (be-ra'), v. t. [Bewrayed (-rad') ; Be-
wraying.] To betray.

Bey (ba), n. A Turkish provincial governor.

Be-yond' (be-y5nd'), prep. On the further side
of ; past ; above. — adv. At a distance ; yonder.

Bez'el (beVgl), n. That part of a finger ring which
fastens the stone.

Be-zique' (ba-zek'), n. A. game at cards.

Bhang (bang), n. A narcotic drug, made from
wild hemp, and chewed or smoked in the East.

Bl'as (bl'as), n. A weight on one side ; a leaning
of the mind ; propensity ; a wedge-shaped piece
of cloth taken out of a garment to shape it. —
adv. Slantingly; athwart; diagonally, —v. t.

I [Biased (-bi'nst) ; Biasing.] To incline to one
I side ; to prejudice ; to prepossess.
; Bi-ax'al (bi-Sks'al), Bi-ax'i-al (-T-«l), a. Having
| two axes.

Bib (bib), n. A cloth over a child's breast.
! Bib'ber (bib'ber), n. A tippler.
j Bi'ble (bi'b'l), n. The Book ; the volume that con-
| tains the sacred Scriptures.
Bib'li-cal (bib'lT-kffl), a. Pertaining to the Bible.
Blb'li-Og'ra-phy (blb'lT-og'ra-fy), n. A history
or description of books. — Bib ' li - Og ' ra - pher
(-f er), n. One versed in bibliography or literary
history. — Bib/li-0-graph'ic (-6-graf-Tk), Bib'-
li-O-graph'ic-al (-T-k«l), n. Pertaining to bib-
liography.
Bib'li-O-ma'ni-a (bib/lT-o-ma'nT-a), n. A rage for

possessing rare and curious books. — BiVli-O-

ma'ni-ac (-5k), n. One eager for books.
Bib'li-op'o-list (bib ' li - 5p ' 6 - list), Bib'li-o-pole

(btt/li-o-pol), n. A bookseller.
Bib/li-0-the/ca (bib'lT-6-the'ka), n. A library.
Bib'U-loUS (bTb'u-lus), a. Readily imbibing fluids

or moisture ; spongy ; porous.
Bi-cap'su-lar (bt-kSp'su-ler), a. Having two

capsules.
Bi-car'bo-nate (bi-kar'bo-nat), n. A carbonate

containing two equivalents of carbonic acid to

one of base.
Bice, Bise (bis), n. A blue pigment.
Bi-ceph'a-lous (bi-sef 'a-liis), a. Having two

heads.
Bi'ceps (bi'seps), n. A muscle having two heads

or origins ; — applied to a flexor in the arm and

to one in the thiglL
Bi-chro'mate (bt-kro'mat), a. Having two parts

of chromic acid to one of other ingredients.
Bi-cipa-tal (bt-sip'i-tal), Bi-cip'i-tous (-tus), a.

Having two heads or dividing into two parts.
Bick'er (bik'er), v. i. [Bickered (-erd); Bick-
ering.] To contend in petulant altercation ; to

quarrel ; to wrangle ; to quiver.
Bi-col'or (bt-kul'ur), Bi-COl'ored (bt-kul'urd), a.

Of two colors.
Bi'corn (bi'kSrn), Bi'corned (-k&rnd), Bi-cor'-

nous (-kQr'nus), a. Having two horns ; crescent-
like.
Bi-cus'pid (bi-kus'pTd), Bi-cus'pid-ate (-St), a.

Having two points.
Bi'cy-Cle (bl'sT-k'l), n. A light vehicle having

two wheels one behind the other. It has a

saddle seat and is propelled by the rider's feet

acting on cranks or levers.

One form of Bicycle.

Bid (Wd), v. t. {imp. Bade (bSd), (Obs. Bid),
Bad; p. p. Bidden (bid'd'n), Bid; Bidding.]
To offer ; to offer to pay (for a thing put up at

fern, recent, orb, rj}de, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, this*

BIDDER

40

BINDWEED

auction) ; to declare (a wish, greeting, defiance) ;

to order ; to direct ; to command ; to invite ; to

request to come. — n. An offer of a price. —

Bid'der, n. — Bid'ding, n. An invitation ; a

command ; an offer of a price.
Bid'dy (bTd'd^), n. A domestic fowl ; a chicken ;

a servant girl. [Colloq.']
Bide (bid), v. i. [Bided; Biding.] To dwell.—

v. t. To endure ; to suffer ; to wait for.
Bi-en'lli-al (bi-en'nT-al), a. Happening once in

two years. — n. A plant that lasts two years

only. — Bi-en'ni-al-ly, adv.
Bier (ber), n. A frame for conveying the dead to

the grave.
Biest'ingS (best/Tngz), n. pi. The first milk given

by a cow after calving.
Bi-fa'ri-OUS (bi-fa'rT-us), a. Twofold; in two

rows.
Bif/er-OUS (bif'er-us), a. Bearing fruit twice a

year.
Bi'fid (bl'fld), Bif'i-date (blf'i-dat), a. Two-

cleft ; opening with a cleft.

Bi-floTate ( bt - f lo ' rit ), Bi-flo'rous (-rus), a.

Bearing two flowers.

Bi-fo'li-ate (bi-fo'lT-at), a. Having two leaves.

Bi'iorm (bl'iSrrn), a. Having two forms or shapes.
— Bi-form'i-ty (-T-ty), n. A double form.

Bi-fur'cate (bi-ffir'kat), Bi-fnr'ca-ted (-ka-tSd),
a. Forked ; divided into two branches. — Bi'-
fur-ca'tion (bi'fiir-ka'shun), n. A forking.

Big (big), a. Bulky ; large ; huge ; great ; swol-
len ; pregnant. — Big'ness, n.

Big'a-my (big'a-my), n. The crime of having two"
wives or husbands at once. — Big'a-mlst, n.
One guilty of bigamy. — Big'a-mous (-mils), a.
Guilty of, or involving, bigamy.

Big'gin (big'gin), n. A child's cap or hood.

Big'gin (big'gin), n. A coffeepot, with a strainer
holding the ground coffee, through which boil-
ing water is poured.

Bight (bit), n. A corner; an angle; a bend in
a coast forming an open bay ; the double part of
a rope when folded.

Big'ness (big'nes), n. Quality of being big.

Big'Ot (blg'ut), n. One obstinately wedded to a
particular creed, opinion, etc. — Big'Ot-ed, a.
Obstinately devoted to a system or party, and
illiberal toward the opinions of others. — Big'-
Ot-ed-ly, adv. — Big'Ot-ry (-ut-r^), n. Perverse
attachment to certain tenets ; intolerance.

Big'wig (bTg'wig), n. A person of consequence.

HBi'jOU' (be'zhod'), n. A trinket ; a jewel. — Bi-
Jou'try (be-zhoo'try), n. Small articles of virtu,
such as jewelry, trinkets, etc.

BiJ'U-gate (blj'u-gat or bi'ju-gat), Bil'u-gous
(-gus), a. Having two pairs, as of leaflets.

BMa'bi-ate (bt-la'bT-at), a. Having two lips.

Bi-lat'er-al (bt-lafer-rjl), a. Having two sides.

Bil'ber-ry (bil'ber-ry), n. A shrub of the Whortle-
berry family ; its berry.

Bil'bo (bll'bo), n. ; pi. Bilboes (-boz). A rapier
or sword ; a shackle for the feet.

Bile (bil), n. A bitter, yellow fluid secreted by
the liver. —Bil'ia-ry (bil'ya-i^), a. Pertaining
to, or conveying, bile. — Bil'iOUS ( - yus ), a.
Pertaining to bile ; having bile in excess ; pas-
sionate ; ill tempered.

Bilge (bYlj), n. Protuberant part of a cask ; broad-
est and flattest part of a ship's bottom. — v. t.
& i. [Bilged (biljd) ; Bilging.] To fracture
(the bilge) ; to leak by a fracture in the bilge

— Bilge water. Water in the bilge or bottom
of a ship. — Bil'gy (bll'jy), a. Smelling like
bilge water.

Bil'ia-ry, a. See under Bile, n.

Bi-lin'gnal (bt-lin'gwal), Bi-lin'guar (-gwer),
Bi-liil'gUOUS (-gwus), a. Having two tongues,
or speaking two languages.

Bil'iOUS, a. See under Bile, n.

Bi-lit'er-al (bt-lifer-ol), a. Consisting of two
letters.

Bilk (bilk), v. t. To deceive or defraud, —n. A
cheat ; a swindler.

Bill (oil), n. The beak of a bird, turtle, etc. —
v. i. [Billed (bild) ; Billing.] To caress.

Bill (bil), n. A hook-shaped cutting instrument ;
ax ; pickax ; point of an anchor, — v. t. To work
at (dig, chop, etc.) with a bill. — Bill'man (bll'-
man), n. One who works or fights with a bill.

Bill (bil), n. A written declaration j a draft of a
law; a statement of goods sold, services ren-
dered, etc., with charges due therefor; a state-
ment of particulars ; a note ; a draft.

Bil'let (bil'let), n. A small paper; a note; a
ticket directing soldiers at what house to lodge,
—v. t. [Billeted; Billeting.] To lodge or
quarter (soldiers in houses, etc.).

Bil'let (bil'lgt), n. A small stick of wood.

UBil'let-dOUX' (billa-doo'), n. A love letter.

Bil'liard (bll'yerd), a. Pertaining to billiards. —
Bil'liards (-yerdz), n. A game played with
ivory balls, on a rectangular table.

Bil'lings-gate' (bil'llngz-gat'), n. Foul language :
ribaldry.

Bil'lion (btl'yun), n. By French and American
numeration, a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,-
000 ; by the English, a million millions, or 1,000,-
000,000,000.

Bil'low (bTl'lo), n. A great wave or surge of the
sea. — Bil'low-y (-16-^), a. Swelling into waves.

Bil'ly (bil'ly), n. A club.

Bi'lobed (bi'lobd), Bi-lo'bate (bi-lo'bat or bl'16-),
a. Divided into two lobes.

Bi-lOC'U-lar (bi-lok'u-ler), a. Divided into, or
containing, two cells.

Bim'a-nous (bTm'a-nus cr bi'ma-), a. Having
two hands.

Bi-men'sal (bt-mSn'sal), Bi-mes'tri-al (-mes'trY-
al), Bi-month'ly (-munth'ty), a. Occurring once
in two months.

Bin (bin), n. A box or repository of any com-
modity.

Bi'na-ry (bi'na-r^), a. Compounded of two;
double.

Bi'nate (bi'nat), a. Being double or in couples.

Bind (bind), v. t. [imp. Bound (bound) ; p. p.
Bound, formerly Bounden (boun'd'n); p. pr.
Binding.] To tie together ; to confine ; to re-
strain ; to protect or strengthen by a band or
border ; to sew or fasten together, and inclose
in a cover; to place under legal obligation to
serve, —v. i. To contract; to grow hard or
stiff ; to be restrained from motion or action ; to
be obligatory. — n. A stalk of hops. — Bind'-
er, n. — Bind'er-y (-er-f), n. A place where
books are bound. — Bind'ing, a. Having power
to bind or oblige ; obligatory. — m. A fasten-
ing with a band ; anything that binds ; a band-
age ; the cover of a book; something used to
secure the edge of cloth from raveling, etc.

Bind'weed/ (bind'wed'), n. A plant of the genus
Convolvulus.

& S, 1, 5, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senftte, 3 vent, tdea, 6bey , finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

BINNACLE

41

BITING

A box containing the

Bin'na-Cle (bin'na-k'l)
compass of a ship.

Bin'O-cle (bin'6-k'l), n. A telescope, with two
tubes joining. — Bin-OC'u-lar (bTn-ok'u-ler or
bi-nok'-), a. Having, pertaining to, or adapted
to the use of, both eyes.

Bi-no'mi-al (bi-no'mi-al), n. An algebraic ex-
pression of two terms connected by the sign
plus or minus ; as, a + b, or 7 — 3. — a. Con-
sisting of two terms ; pertaining to binomials.

Bi'o -graph (bl'o-graf), n. A device to show mov-
■ ing pictures on a screen.

Bi-Og'ra-phy (bt-og'ra-fy), n. History of per-
sonal life and character. — Bi-Og'ra-pher (-fer),
n. A writer of biography. — Bi'o-graph'lc
(bi'*-gr5fTk), Bi'O-graph'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Per-
taining to biography.— Bi'O-graph'ic-al-ly, adv.

Bl-ol'o-gy (bi-ol'6-jy), n. Science of life. — Bi'-
o-log'ic-al (bi ' 6 - loj ' l - kal), a. Pertaining to
biology.

Bip'a-rous (bip'a-rus), a. Bringing forth two at
a birth.

Bi-par'ti-ble (bi-par'ti-b'l), Bi-par'tile (-til), a.

Capable of being divided into two parts. — Bip'-

ar-tite (bip'ar-tit or bt-par'tit), a. Having two

correspondent parts ; divided into two parts. —

Bi'par-ti'tion (bi'par-tish'un), n. A dividing

into two parts.
Bi'ped (bl'pgd), n. An animal having two feet,

as man. —a. Having two f eet. — Bip ' e - dal

(bip'e-dal or bi'pe-), a. Biped.
Bl-pen'nate (bt-peVnat), a. Having two wings.
Bi-pef al-OUS (bt-pet'al-us), a. Having two petals.
Bi-quad'rate (bt-kwod'rSt), Bi'quad-rat'ic (bi'-

kwod-rat'Ik), n. The fourth power ; square of

a square. —Bi'quad-rat'ic, «. Pertaining to

the biquadratic, or fourth power.
Birch (berch), n. A tree of several species. —

a. Made, consisting of, or pertaining to, birch.

— Blrch'en (ber'ch'n), a. Birch.
Bird (berd), n. A feathered, flying animal.—

v. i. To catch or

shoot birds. —Bird

cage. A cage for *'

confining birds. — **'

Bird'call' (berd'- e—

kal'), n. A sound

such a sound and used to decoy birds. — Blrd'-
lime (-lim'), n. A viscous substance used to
catch birds. — v. t. To insnare. — Bird's'-eye7
(berdz'I7), a. Seen from above, as if by a hy-
ing bird ; hence, general ; not giving details ;
marked with spots like bird's eyes. — Bird's
nest. The nest in which a bird lays eggs.
Birth (berth), n. A coming into life, or being
born ; extraction ; lineage ; origin ; beginning.

— Birth/day' (berth/da/), n. The day on which
one is born ; the anniversary of that day. —
a. Pertaining to a birthday. — Birth 'place '
(-plaV), n. The place where one is born. —
Birth'right/ (-rltO, n. A right or privilege to
which one is entitled by birth.

Bls'CUit (bis'klt), n. Unfermented bread baked
hard ; a baked cake, usually fermented, made
of flour, milk, etc. ; earthenware after the first
baking and before glazing.

Bi-sect' (bi-sekf), v. t. To divide into two
(usually equal) parts. — Bi-sec/tion (-sek'shun),
n. A bisecting. — Bi-seg'ment (-seg'meut), n.
One of the parts of a line, etc., bisected.

Blsh'op (bish'up), n. A church dignitary, the
head of a diocese ; a piece in the game of chess.

— Bish'op-ric (-rtk), n. A diocese; the juris-
diction or office of a bishop.

Bis'muth (blz'mutli), n, A reddish white metal,

harder than lead, and brittle.
Bl'son (bl'son), n. A North American bovine

quadruped, popularly called buffalo.

Bird (External Parts).

a Forehead ; b Crown or Vertex ; c Occiput ; d Auricu-
J»rB /the hne crosses the Nape); e Cervix or Hind
Neck ; / Tertiaries ; g Secondaries; h Primaries; i
Under Tail Coverts ; k Tail ; I Outer or Fourth Toe ;
m Inner or Second Toe ; n Tarsus ; o Tibia ; p Abdo-
men or Belly ; r Greater Wing Coverts ; s Median Cov-
erts (the line crosses the Breast or Pectoral region);
t Lesser Coverts : n Bastard Wing or Alula ; v Jugular
region or the Lower Throat ; w Gular region or Throat ;
x Nostril.

imitating the cry of birds, or a whistle making

American Bison.

Bis-sex'tile (bis-seWtTl), n. Leap year; every
fourth year, in which February has 29 (instead
of 28) days. —a. Pertaining to leap year.

Bis'ter (bts'ter), Bis'tre, n. Brown paint, made
from soot.

Bls't0U-ry (bis'tod-ry), n. A surgeon's knife.

Bi-sul'cate (bt-sul'kat), Bi-sul'cons (-kfis), a.
Cloven-footed.

Bit (bit), n. A piece of anything ; a morsel ;
mouthful; the iron mouth-
piece of a bridle ; a boring
tool. —v. t. [Bitted ; Bit-
ting.] To put a bit in the
mouth of (a horse, etc.).

Bitch (btch), n. A she dog,
wolf, etc.

Bite (bit), v. t. & i. [imp. Bit (bit) ; p. p. Bit-
ten (-t'n), Bit ; p. pr. Biting.] To cut, crush,
or seize with the teeth ; to cause sharp pain ; to
cheat ; to trick ; to take hold of ; to adhere to.
— n. A biting ; the wound made by the teeth ;
a morsel ; a mouthful ; the hold or purchase of
a tool ; a cheat ; a trick. — Bit'er (blfer), n. —
Bit'ing, a. Sharp; severe; sarcastic; caustic.

fSrn, recent, drb, r^de, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, 4 *»■'",

BITTER

42

BLASPHEME

BIt'ter (bTt'ter), a. Having a peculiar, acrid,
biting taste ; 'causing pain or distress ; severe ;
cruel; reproachful. — Bit'ter-ish, a. Somewhat
bitter. — Bit'ter-ly, adv. — Bit'ter-ness, n.

Bit'tem (bTt'tern), n. A wading bird, related to
the herons.

Bit'ters (bit ' terz), n. pi. A spirituous liquor
flavored with bitter herbs or roots.

BittS (bitz), n. pi. A frame of strong timbers on
a ship, to fasten the cables.

Bi-tU'men (bT-tu'ingn), n. Mineral pitch ; an in-
flammable tarry substance. — Bi - til ' mi - nate
(bl-tu'niT-nat ), Bi-tu'mi-nize (-mT-nlz), v. t.
To form into or impregnate with bitumen. —
Bi-tU'mi-n0US (-nils), a. Having qualities of, or
containing, bitumen.

Bi'valve (bi'valv), n. A shell consisting of two
parts or valves. — Bi'valve, Bi'valved (-valvd),

Bi-valv'ous (bi-val'vus), Bi-valv'u-lar (-vu-
ler), a. Having two valves which open and shut.

Biv'i-OUS (bTv'i-us or bi'vT-us), a. Having, or
leading, two ways.

Biv'ouac (biv'wak or -oo-ak), n. The watch of an
army by night ; an encampment without tents
or covering. — v. t. [Bivouacked (-wakt) ; Biv-
ouacking.] To watch or be on guard ; to en-
camp without covering.

Bi'week'ly (bi'wek'ty), a. Occurring once in
every two weeks. — n. A publication issued
once in two weeks.

llBi-zarre' (be-zar'), a. Odd ; fantastic ; queer.

Blab (blab), v. t. & i. [Blabbed (blSbd) ; Blab-
bing.] To utter or tell indiscreetly ; to tattle.

— n. A babbler; a telltale. — Blab'ber, n.
Black (blak), a. Destitute of light ; very dark ;

dismal ; gloomy, —adv. Sullenly ; in a threat-
ening manner. — n. That which is destitute of
light or whiteness ; the darkest color ; a black
pigment ; a negro ; mourning, —v. t. [Blacked
(blakt) ; Blacking.] To make black ; to soil ; to
sully. — Black/en (blak' 'n), v. t. To make black
or dark ; to darken ; to sully ; to defame, —v. i.
To grow black or dark. — Black'ing, n. A prep-
aration for making (shoes, stoves, etc.) black;
act or process of making black. — Black'ish, a.
Somewhat black or dark. — Black'ness, n.

Black'a-mOOI (bl2k'a-moor), n. A negro.

Black' art' (blak' art/). Conjuration ; magic.

.Blackball' (blak'bal'), n. A composition for
blacking shoes, etc. ; a ball of black color, used
as a negative in voting. — ?-, t. To reject by
putting blackballs into a ballot-box.

Black'ber-ry (blSk'beY-ry), n. The berry of the
bramble.

Black'bird (blak'berd), n. In England, a species
of thrush, a singing bird with a fine note. In
America, this name is given to different birds.

Black'board' (blak'bord'), n. A board to write
on with chalk.

Black'en, v. i. See under Black, a.

Black'guard (blag'gard), n. A person of low
character or foul language ; a scoundrel ; a rough.

— a. Scurrilous; low ; vicious. — v. t. & i. To
revile in foul language. — Black ' guard - ism
(-Tz'm), n. Conduct or language of a blackguard.

Black' lead' (blaV lSd'). A mineral composed
of carbon ; plumbago ; graphite. — Black'lead
(blXklSd), v. t. To coat with black lead.

Black'leg' (blXklSg'), n. A notorious gambler
and cheat ; a disease of calves and sheep.

Black' letter (bl5k' lgfter). The Old English or

Gothic letter, in which early manuscripts were
written, and the first books printed. — Black'—
let'ter, a. Written or printed in black letter ;
studious of old books.

Black'mair (blak'mal'), n. Payment to thieves,
j conspirators, etc., for exemption from robbery
I or harm. —v. I. To extort money by threats.

Black'ness, n. See under Black, a.

Black'smith/ (blak ' smith '), n. A smith who
j works in iron.

Black'thorn' (blak'thSrn'), n. A spiny plant, used
for hedges.

Blad'der (blSd'der), n. A vessel in the body con-
taining some liquid, —v. t. To swell out; to
put into bladders.

Blade (blad), n. A leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of a
plant ; the cutting part of an instrument ; the
flat part of an oar ; the scapula, or shoulder
blade ; a dashing fellow. — Blad'ed, a. Having
blades ; divested of blades ; composed of long,
narrow plates like the blade of a knife.

Blade'bone7 (blad'bon'), n. The scapula, or upper
bone in the shoulder.

Blaill (blan), n. A sore ; a pustule ; a blister.

Blame (blam), v. t. [Blamed (blamd) ; Blam-
ing.] To censure ; to find fault with. — n. Ex-
pression of disapprobation; a thing deserving
of censure or disapprobation ; reproach ; fault.
— Blam'a-ble (bla'ma-b'l), a. Deserving cen-
sure ; faulty; culpable. — Blam'a-ble-ness, n.
— Blam'a-bly, adv. — Blame'ful (-ful), a.
Meriting blame ; reprehensible. — Blame'iess
(-16s), a. Without fault ; not meriting censure ;
faultless ; irreproachable ; innocent ; guiltless.

— Blame'iess -ly, adv. — Blame'less-ness, n.

— Blame' wor'thy (-wuVthy), a. Deserving
blame; culpable; reprehensible.

Blanch (blanch), v. t. & i. [Blanched (blancht) ;
Blanching.] To whiten ; to peel; to skin.

1 1 Blanc-mange' (bla-maNzh'), n. A preparation
of dissolved isinglass, sea moss, cornstarch,
etc., sweetened, and boiled with milk till thick.

Bland (bland), a. Mild ; soft ; gentle ; courte-
ous. — Bland'ly, adv. — Bland'ness, n. —
Blan-dil'O-quence (blan-dTl'6-kwens), n. Fair,
mild, flattering speech. — Blan'dish (blSn'dlsh),
v. t. &i. [Blandished (-dtsht) ; Blandishing.]
To flatter ; to soften ; to caress. — Blan'dish-
ment (-ment), n. An expression of affection
or kindness ; artful caresses ; flattery.

Blank (blSnk), a. White ; unwritten ; pale or
dejected ; empty ; vacant ; without rhyme. —
n. A void space ; an unwritten paper ; a legal
form or document having spaces to be filled in
with names, dates, etc. ; a piece of metal pre-
pared for completion by a machine, process,
etc. — Blank'ly, adv. — Blank'ness, n.

Blank'et (blan'kgt), n. A woolen covering for a
bed, etc. — v. t. [Blanketed; Blanketing.]
To cover with, or toss in, a blanket.

Blare (blSr), v. i. [Blared (blard) ; Blaring.]
To sound loudly ; to roar. — v. t. To proclaim
loudly. — n. Noise ; loud sound.

Blar'ney (bl'ar'njr), n. Smooth, deceitful talk ;
flattery. — v. t. To deceive or flatter.

HBla-se' (bla-za'), a. Surleited with pleasure ;
used up.

Blas-pheme' (blSs-fem'), -v. t. [Blasphemed
(-femd') ; Blaspheming.] To speak reproach-
fully or impiously of God ; to utter abuse or cal-
umny against. — v. i. To utter blasphemy. —

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, c, I, 6, a, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

BLASPHEMER

43

BLOODROOT

Blas-phem'er (blSs - fem ' er), n.— Blasphe-
mous (blas'te-mus), a. Containing blasphemy ;
impiously irreverent or reproachful toward God.
— Blas'phe-mous-ly, adv.— Blas'phe-my (-fe-
rny), n. Impious language against God or sacred
things.

Blast (blast), n. A destructive or pernicious
wind ; a forcible stream of air from an orifice ;
a blight ; an explosion of powder ; a burst of
sound ; a disease of sheep, —v. t. To injure ;
to wither ; to blight ; to rend ; to split.

Bla'tant (bla'tant), a. Bellowing, as a calf ;
noisy; brawling; boastful; vaunting.

Blaze (blaz),?i. A stream of gas or vapor emit-
ting light and heat ; intense light; an outburst ;
a white spot on a horse's face ; a mark made
by cutting bark from a tree.— v. i. [Blazed
(blazd) ; Blazing.] To shine; to glow. — v. i.
To make public (news, etc.) ; to mark (a tree)
by stripping the bark.

Bla'zon (bla'z'n), n. A shield ; a coat of arms ;
armorial bearings ; ostentatious display ; a show ;
a publication. — v. t. [Blazoned (-z'nd) ; Bla-
zoning (-z'n-Tne).] To depict; to display; to
embellish. — Bla'zon-ry (-ry), n. Display ; a
coat of arms.

Bleach (blech), v. t. & i. [Bleached (blecht) ;
Bleaching.] To whiten. — Bleach'er-y (-er-y),
n. A place where bleaching is done.

Bleak (blek), a. Desolate and exposed ; cold ;
cheerless. — Bleak'ness, n.

Blear (bier), a. Dim or sore with rheum. — v. I.
[Bleared (blerd) ; Blearing.] To dim (the
eyes) ; to blur (the sight). —Blear' eye7 (blerl'),
n. Chronic inflammation of the eyelids, with a
gummy secretion.

Bleat (blet), v. i. To cry as a sheep.— n. The
cry of a sheep.

Bleed (bled), v. i. [Bled (bled) ; Bleeding.] To
lose blood. — ■ v. t. To let blood.

Blem'ish (blem'Tsh), v. t. [Blemished (-Tsht) ;
Blemishing.] . To disfigure ; to deform ; to tar-
nish. — n. A deformity ; a flaw ; a defect ; a
fault ; a disgrace.

Blench (blench), v. i. [Blenched (blSncht) ;
Blenching.] To shrink ; to flinch.

Blend (blend), v. t. & i. To mix ; to unite.

Blende (blend), n. An ore of zinc.

Bless (bles), v. t. [Blessed (blest) or Blest;
Blessing.] To make happy; to invoke a bless-
ing upon ; to praise ; to glorify. — Bless'ed
(bleVSd), a. Happy ; hallowed ; blissful ; joy-
ful. — Bless'ed-ness, n. — Bless'ing, n. Means
of happiness ; divine favor ; a wish of happi-
ness ; a benediction.

Blest (blest), a. Made happy ; cheering.

Blet (blet)j n. A decayed spot on fruit.

Blight (blit), v. t. To blast ; to prevent growth
of; to frustrate ; to ruin. —n. Mildew; decay.

Blind (blind), a. Destitute of sight ; dark ; ob-
scure ; undiscerning ; unintelligible. — v. t.
To deprive of sight ; to darken ; to obscure. —
n. Something which hinders sight or keeps out
light ; a screen ; a subterfuge. — Blind'ly, adv.
— Blind'ness, n. — Blind'er, n.

Blind'fold' (blind'fold'), v. t. To cover the eyes
of ; to hinder from seeing. — a. Blinded ; heed-
less ; reckless.

Blind'man's buff' (bllnd'mSnz biif'). A play in
which one person is blindfolded, and hunts the
rest of the company.

Blind'worm (blmd'wfirm), n. A small, burrow-
ing, limbless lizard, having very minute eyes ; a
slow worm.

Blink (blink), v. i. [Blinked (blinkt) ; Blink-
ing.] To wink ; to see with the eyes half shut ;
to twinkle ; to glimmer. — v. t. To shut out of
sight ; to exclude ; to evade. — n. A glimpse ;
a glance ; a gleam ; a sparkle ; a dazzling white-
ness from .fields of ice. — Blink'ard (-erd), n.
One who blinks ; that which twinkles. — Blink'-
er, n. One who blinks; a blind for horses;
whatever obstructs sight or discernment.

Bliss (bits), n. Blessedness; felicity ; happiness ;
joy. — Bliss'ful, a. Full of joy ; supremely hap-
py. — Bliss'ful-ly, adv. — Bliss'ful-ness, n.

Blis'ter (blis'ter), n. A thin, watery bladder on
the skin ; a plaster applied to raise a blister. —
v. t. To raise blisters upon. —v. i. To rise in
blisters.

Blithe (blith), a. Gay ; merry ; joyous ; spright-
ly ; mirthful.— Blithe'ly, adv.— Blithe'ness,
n. — Blithe'some (-siim), a. Gay; cheerful;
blithe. — Blithe'some-ness, n.

Bloat (blot), v. t. & i. To puff out ; to swell. —
n. A worthless, dissipated fellow. — Bloat'er,
n. A herring, smoked and half dried.

Block (blok), n. A mass of wood, stone, etc. ;
a row of buildings ; a system of pul-
leys or sheaves, arranged in a frame ;
an obstruction. — v. t. [Blocked
(blokt) ; Blocking.] To hinder ; to
obstruct; to secure or support by
blocks ; to secure ; to stop up. —
Block'ish,a. Stupid; dull.— Block'-
ish-ly, adv. — Block'ish-ness, n.

Block-ade' (bl5k-ad'), n. The shutting
up of a place by troops or ships. — v. t.
To shut up (a town or fortress), so as
to compel a surrender ; to confine. —
Block-ad'er, n.

BlOCk'head' (>jlok'hed'),n. A stupid fellow ; dolt.

Block'house7 (blok'hous'), n. A wooden fort.

Block'ish, a., etc. See under Block, n.

Blom'a-ry, n. See Bloomert, under Bloom, a
mass of iron.

Blond, Blonde (blond), a. Fair; light colored.

— n. A person of fair complexion, light hair, and
blue eyes ; silk lace (called also blonde lace).

Blood (blud), n. The red fluid circulating in animal
bodies ; relation by natural descent ; consan-
guinity ; kindred ; lineage ; honorable birth ;
the shedding of blood ; murder ; disposition ;
passion ; a man of fire or spirit ; a rake. — v. t.
To let blood from ; to bleed ; to stain with blood.

— Blood'y (-y), a. Containing or stained with
blood ; murderous ; cruel. — v. t. To stain
with blood. — Blood'i-ly, adv. — Blood'i-ness, n.

— Blood'less, a. Destitute of blood ; lifeless ;
without bloodshed ; spiritless. — Blood'guilt/y
(-gilt'y), a. Guilty of murder or bloodshed. —
Blood' guilt' i-ness, ». — Blood 'thirst' y, a.
Murderous; cruel. — Blood'thirst'i-ness, n. —
Blood heat. Heat equal to the temperature of
blood (about 98° Fah. in man). — Blood horse.
A horse of the purest stock. — Blood vessel. A
vessel in which animal blood circulates ; a vein ;
an artery.

Blood'hound' (blud'hound'), n. A ferocious va-
riety of dog, of very acute smell.

Blood'root' (blud'roof), n. A plant used medici-
nally, having a red root and sap.

Block.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BLOODSHED

44

BOASTFUL

Bloed'shed' (blud'shed'), n. A shedding of blood ;
slaughter.

Blood'shot (blud'shot), a. Red and inflamed ;
suffused with blood.

Blood'SUCk'er (blud'suk'er), n. Any animal that
Bucks blood ; a leech ; an extortionate person ;
a money lender.

Bl00d<y, a._& v. See under Blood, n.

Bloom (bloom), n. A blossom ; a flower ; the open-
ing of buds or flowers ; freshness ; beauty. —
V. i. To blossom ; to produce blossoms or flow-
ers ; to show beauty and vigor. — Bloom'y (-y),
a. Full of, or covered with, bloom ; flowery.

— Blooming, a. Flowering ; vigorous.
Bloom (bloom), n. A mass of crude iron or steel,

forged or rolled, preparatory to further working.

— Bloom'e-ry (bioom'a-ry), Blom'a-ry, Bloom'-
a-ry, n. A forge in which blooms of wrought
iron are made from the ore or from cast iron. —
Bloom'ing, n. The process of making blooms.

BlOS'SOm (blos'suni), n. The flower of a plant. —
v. i. To put forth blossoms ; to flower ; to flour-
ish ; to prosper ; to thrive.

Blot (blot), v. t. [Blotted ; Blotting.] To spot ;
to stain ; to disgrace ; to obliterate ; to erase ;
to efface. — n. A spot ; a blur ; a blemish ; a
disgrace ; a failing ; a weak point. — Blot'ter,
n. One who or that which blots ; a wastebook ;
porous paper to absorb ink.

Blotch (bloch), n. A pustule or eruption upon
the skin. — v. t. Tospot.

Blouse (blouz ; F. blooz), n. A light outer gar-
ment.

Blow (bio), v. i. [Blew (blu) ; p.p. Blown (blon) ;
Blowing.] To blossom ; to bloom ; to flower. —
v. t. To put forth (blossoms or flowers). — w.
Blossom ; flower ; a bed of flowers.

Blow (bio), n. A stroke ; a calamity ; a shock.

Blow (bio), v. i. [imp. Blew (blu) ; p. p. Blown
(blon) ; Blowing.] To make a current of air;
to puff ; to pant ; to spout (water, etc.) ; to
sound on being blown into, as a trumpet ; to be
moved by the wind ; to talk loudly ; to brag ; to
bluster. — v. t. To force air upon or through ;
to impel ; to burst ; to shatter ; to publish ; to
inflate ; to put out of breath ; to deposit eggs in
(meat, etc.). — n. A blowing ; a gale ; a spout-
ing of a whale ; an egg or larva deposited by a
fly in flesh, etc. — BlOW'er, n. — Blow'y (-y),
a. "Windy; gusty. — Blown (blon), p. p. & a.
Swollen ; puffed up ; stale ; out of breath ; ex-
hausted ; covered with eggs and larvae of flies.

Blow'plpe/ (blo'pipO, n. A tube for driving air
through flame, to concentrate heat on some ob-
ject.

Blowse (blouz), n. See Blouse.

Blowze (blouz), n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. —
Blowz'y (blouz'J), a. Coarse and ruddy-faced ;
fat and ruddy ; frowzy.

Blubber (bliib'ber), n. Fat of whales. — v. i.
To weep noisily. — v. t. To disfigure (the face)
with weeping.

Bludg'eon (blfij'un), n. A short stick ; a club.

Blue (blu), a. Of a color like the clear sky ; low
in spirits ; melancholy ; gloomy ; over strict in
morals. — n. One of the seven primary colors ;
a pedantic woman.—?', t. To make, or dye,
blue. — Blues (bluz), n. pi. Low spirits ; mel-
ancholy. — Blue'ness, n. — Blu'ing, n. A ren-
dering blue ; indigo, etc., for giving a blue tint.

— Blu'Ish, a. Somewhat blue.

BluetTOt'tle (blu'bota'l), ». A plant which in-
fests grain fields and has blue bottle-shaped
flowers ; a fly, with a large blue abdomen.

Blue'nose (blu'noz), n. Nickname for a Nova
Scotian.

Blue'stock'ing (blu'stok/ing), n. A literary lady ;
a female pedant.

Bluff (bluf ), a. Having a broad, flattened front ;
steep; bold; surly; gruff ; blunt. — n. A high,
steep bank ; a bluffing, or imposing upon by self-
confidence ; a game at cards. — v. t. [Bluffed
(bliift) ; Bluffing.] To frighten by a show of
strength. — Bluff'ness, n.

Blu'ing, Blu'islL See under Blue, a.

Blun'der (blun'der), v. i. To make a gross mis-
take. — 11. A careless, stupid, or ignorant error.

— Blun'der-er, Blun'der-head' (-bed'), n. A
blundering fellow. — Blun'der-ing-ly, adv.

Blun'der-DUSS (blun'der-bus), n. A short gun,
with large bore.

Blunge (blunj), v. t.
To blend ; to beat up
and mix (clay, etc.)
in water. —Blunrger Blunderbuss.

(-jer), n. A wooden

blade for mixing clay in potteries. — Blun'-
glng, n. The process of mixing potter's clay.

Blunt (blunt), a. Having a thick edge or point ;
dull ; abrupt or rude in manner ; unceremoni-
ous. — v. t. To dull the edge or point of ; to
weaken. — Blunt' ly, adv. — Blunt'ness, n.

Blur (blQr), v. t. [Blurred (blfird) ; Blurring.]
To obscure ; to dim ; to stain ; to blemish. — n.
A stain ; a blot ; indistinctness.

Blurt (blflrt), v. t. To utter suddenly or unad-
visedly ; to divulge rashly.

Blush (blush), v. i. [Blushed (blusht) ; Blush-
ing.] To have a red or rosy color ; to redden
in the face, as from shame, confusion, or mod-
esty. — n. A rosy tint ; suffusion of the cheeks ;
a sudden appearance ; a glance ; view. — Blush'-
lng-ly, adv. With blushes.

Blus'ter (blus'ter), v. i. [Blustered ( -terd ) ;
Blustering.] To blow fitfully and noisily ; to
storm ; to rage ; to swagger. — n. Noisy talk ;
turbulence ; boasting ; bullying ; fuss. — Blus'-

ter-er, n. — Blus'ter-lng-ly, adv.

Bo'a (tyo'a), n. A large American serpent, in-
cluding the largest species of serpent, the Boa
constrictor, wliich crushes its prey in its coils ;
a woman's fur tippet, shaped like the serpent.

Boar (bor), n. The male of swine ; the wild hog.

— Boar'ish, a. Swinish ; brutal ; cruel.
Board (bord), n. A timber sawed thin, for use in

building, etc. ; a table ; food ; entertainment ;
a council or meeting ; deck, interior, or side of
a ship ; a table or frame for a game ; paper
made thick and stiff like a board. — v. t. To
cover with boarding ; to enter a ship, railroad
train, etc.; to supply with meals, —v. i. To
receive meals, etc. , for pay. — Board'er, n. One
who lives at another's table for pay ; one who
boards a ship. — Board'lng, n. An entering a
ship ; a covering of or with boards ; supply of
meals for pay. —Boarding house. A house in
which boarders are kept. — Boarding school.
A school in which pupils receive board and
lodging, as well as tuition.
Boast (host), v. i. & t. To talk ostentatiously ; to
vaunt ; to brag. — n. Act or cause of boasting.

— Boast'er, n. — Boast'ful (-fv.il), a. Given to

O, e, I, o, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; Beuftte, 6vent, Idea, 6bey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

BOASTFULLY

45

BONNET

boasting. — Boast'ful-ly (host ' f ul - If), adv. —
Boast'ful-ness, n.

Boat (bot), n. A small open vessel ; a ship. —
v. t. To transport in a boat. — Boat' a-ble, a.
Navigable for boats. — Boat'age (-aj), n. Con-
veyance by boat, or the charge therefor. — Boat'-
ing, n. A. rowing or sailing. — Boat' man, n.
One who manages a boat. — Boat hook. An
iron hook on the end of a pole, to pull or push
a boat, raft, etc.

Boat'swain (bot'swan ; colloq. boVn), n. An offi-
cer in charge of a ship's boats, sails, rigging, etc.

Bob (bob), n. Any thing that plays loosely, as
at the end of a string ; a short, jerking action ;
a plummet; a peal of bells, —v. t. [Bobbed
(bobd) ; Bobbing.] To move in a jerking man-
ner ; to strike with a quick, light blow ; to cut
short (the hair, etc.). — v . i. To have a jerking
motion ; to angle with a bob, or with a jerking
motion of the bait.

Bob'bin (bSb'bTn), n. A small pin, on which
thread is wound ; a spool.

Bob'bin-et' (bob'bi-neV), n. A kind of lace.

Bob'o-link (bob'6-lTnk), Bob-lin'coln (b5b-lin'-
kun), n. An American singing-bird ; the rice-
bird ; the reedbird.

Bob'stays' (bob'staz'), n. pi. Ropes or chains
holding a ship's bowsprit downward to the stem.

Bob'tail' (bob'tal'), n. A tail cut short.

Bob'white' (bob'hwlf), n. The American quail ;

— named from his note.

Bock'ing (b5k'Ing), n. A kind of baize or drug-
get.

Bode (bod), v. t. & i. To presage ; foreshow ;
augur. — Bod'ing (bod'Tng), n. An omen.

Bod'ice (bod'is), Bod'dice, n. Stays ; a corset.

Bod'i-less, Bod'i-ly. See under Body, n.

Bod'kin (bod'kTn), n. A stiletto ; an implement
to pierce holes, draw tape through hems, etc.

Bod'y (bod'y), n. The material substance or prin-
cipal part, as of an animal, tree, army, country,
etc. ; a person ; a collective mass ; a corpora-
tion ; a system ; consistency ; thickness. — v. t.
[Bodied (-id) ; Bodying.] To give shape, form,
or consistency to ; to embody. — Bod'i-ly (-T-ly),
a. Relating to, or having, a body ; corporeal. —
adv. Corporeally ; completely. — Bod'i-less, a.
Having no body; incorporeal. — Bod'y-guard'
(-gard'), n. A guard to protect the person ; life-
guard ; retinue.

Bog (b5g), n. A quagmire ; a fen ; a marsh ; a
morass, — v. t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud
and mire. — Bog'gy (-g^), a. Swampy.

Bo'gey (bo'gy), Bo'gy, Bo'gle (bo'g'l), n. A
hobgoblin ; a bugbear ; a specter.

Bog'gle (bSg'g'l), v. i. & t. [Boggled (-g'ld) ;
Boggling (-gling).] To doubt ; to hesitate ; to
bungle. — Bog'glor, n.

Bo'gus (bo'gus), a. Spurious ; sham.

Bo-hea' (bo-he'), n. An inferior black tea.

Bo-he/mi-an (bo-he'mT-«n), a. Pertaining to
Bohemia, its inhabitants, the gypsies, or to hack
writers for the press ; vagabond ; free and easy.

— n. A native of Bohemia; the language of
Bohemia ; a gypsy ; one who lives by his wits.

Boil (boil), v. i. [Boiled (boild) ; Boiling.] To
bubble from heat ; to effervesce ; to be violently
agitated. —v. t. To cause to boil ; to form by
boiling. — n. Act or state of boiling. — Boil'er,
7i. One who boils ; a vessel in which things are
boiled or steam is generated.

Bolt.

Boil (boil), n. A hard, inflamed tumor, contain-
ing pus.

Bois'ter-OUS (bois'ter-us>, a. Violent; noisy;
6tormy. — Bois'ter-ous-ly, adv.

Bold (bold), a. Courageous ; brave ; fearless ;
audacious ; confident ; forward ; impudent. —
Bold'ly, adv. — Bold'ness, n.

Bole (bol), n. The stem of a tree.

Bole (bol),n. A measure. See Boll, a measure.

Bole (bol), n. Friable, earthy clay ; a bolus.

Boll (bol), n. A pod or capsule of a plant ; a peri-
carp ; a Scottish dry measure, from 2 to 6 bush-
els. — v. i. [Bolled (bold) ; Bolling.] To form
into a pericarp or seed vessel.

Bol'ster (bolster), n. A long cushion, pad, bag,
or support. — v. t. [Bolstered (-sterd) ; Bol-
stering.] To support ; to hold up.

Bolt (bolt), n. An arrow ; a dart ; lightning ; an
iron pin for fastening ; a package of
cloth, etc. ; a sudden spring or flight.

— v. t. To shoot ; to utter hastily ;
to swallow (food) without chewing ;
to start aside from ; to fasten with a
bolt ; to restrain. — v. i. To dart
out ; to run away. — adv. Suddenly ;
straight. — Bolt'er, n.

Bolt (bolt), v. t. To sift ; to separate ;
to assort ; to purify. — n. A sieve.

Bo'lus (bo'lus), n. A rounded mass of
any thing ; a large pill ; a dose.

Bomb (bom or bum), n. An iron shell,
filled with explosives, to be discharged from a
mortar. — Bom-bard' (bom-bard' or bum-), v. U
To attack with bombs. — Bom/bar-dier' (-her-
der'), n. An artilleryman. — Bom-bard'ment
(-bard'ment), n. An attack with bombs.

Bom'bast (bom'bast or bum'-), n. High-sounding
language ; fustian. — Bom/bast, Bom-bas'tic
(-bas'tik), a. Characterized by bombast ; in-
flated. — Bom-bas'tic-al-ly, adv.

Bom'ba-zine' (bom'ba-zen' or bum'-), Bom'ba-
sine', n. A silk and woolen twilled dress ma-
terial.

Bomb'shell (bom'shel or bum'-), n. A bomb.

Bo-nan'za (bo-n2n'za), n. A rich vein of gold
or silver in mining ; a source of wealth.

HBon'bon' (b6N'bo*N/), n. Sugar confectionery ;
a sugarplum.

Bond (bond), n. That which binds ; a cord ; a
chain ; a band ; a ligament ; an obligation im-
posing a moral duty ; a written obligation to
pay money, —v. t. To secure by a bond ; to
mortgage. •— a. Captive ; bound ; in servitude.

— Bond'age (-aj), n. State of being bound, or
under restraint : captivity ; servitude ; impris-
onment. — Bond'maid, n. A female slave. —
Bond'man, n. A man slave. — Bond servant.
A slave. — Bond service. Slavery. — Bonds'-
man (bondz 'mon), n. A slave ; a bondman ; a
surety ; one who gives security for another. —
Bond'wom/an, n. A woman slave.

Bone (bon), v. The solid frame of an animal, or
a piece thereof ; a thing made of bone. — v. t.
[Boned (bond) ; Boning.] To deprive of the
bones ; to put whalebone into ; to fertilize
(land) with bone.

Bon'fire' (bon'flr'), n. A fire made to express
public joy, or for amusement.

llBon'mot' (boN'moO, n. A witty repartee ; a jest.

IIBonne (bon), n. A child's nurse.

Bon'net (bon'net), n. A covering for the head.

fgrn, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BONNY

46

BOUGIE

Bon'ny (bSn'ny), a. Handsome ; merry ;
Bon'ny-Clab'ber (bon'ny-klaVber), n. (

blithe.
Curdled

milk.

HBon' ton' (b6N' tSN'). The height of the fashion ;
fashionable society.

Bo'nus (bo'nus), n. A premium given for a loan
or other privilege ; an extra dividend ; a pay-
ment in addition to a stated compensation.

HBon' vi'vant' (b6N' ve'vaN'). A good fellow;
a jovial companion.

Bon'y (bo'ny), a. Consisting of, or full of, bones ;
having large or prominent bones ; lean.

Boo/by (boo'by), n. A dunce ; a stupid fellow ; a
swimming bird of the West Indies ; a kind of
penguin.

Boo'dle (booM'l), n. The whole collection or lot ;
bribe money.

Book (bd"6k), n. A volume ; a literary composi-
tion ; a register of accounts. — v. t. [Booked
(bookt) ; Booking.] To enter or register in a
book. — Book/ish, a. Given to reading ; stu-
dious ; pedantic. —Book'bind'er (-bind ' er), n.
One who binds books. — Book'bind'er-y (-er-y),
n. A place for binding books. — Book'case'
(-kaV), n. A case with shelves for holding books.

— Book'keep'er (-kep'er), n. One who keeps
accounts. — Book'keep'ing, n. Art of record-
ing mercantile transactions and keeping ac-
counts. — Book'mak'er (-mak'er), n. One who
writes and publishes books ; a betting man, who
" makes a book," recording winnings and losses.

— Book muslin. Fine muslin for the covers
of books, also a kind for ladies' dresses. —
Book'sell'er (-sSl'er), n. One who sells books.

— Book'WOrm' (-wflrm'), n. A larva which
eats books ; a close student.

Boom (boom), n. A spar extending the bottom of
sails ; a bar across a river or harbor.

Boom (boom), v. i. [Boomed (boomd) ; Booming.]
To cry or roar with a hollow sound ; to rush vi-
olently, as a ship under full sail ; to grow rapidly
in value or popularity. — n. A hollow roar ; a
6trong advance.

Boom'er-ang (boom'er-ang), n. A missile weapon
of Australia.

Boon (boon), n. A gift ; a grant ; a present, —a.
Gay ; jovial ; kind ; bountiful.

Boor (boor), n. A peasant ; a Dutch colonist in
South Africa ; a rude and illiterate person. —
Boor'ish, a. Clownish ; rustic ; unmannerly. —
Boor'ish-ly, adv. — Boor'ish-ness, n.

Boose (bobz), v. i. See Booze.

Boost (boost), v. t. To lift ; to push up.

Boot (boot), n. Remedy ; amends ; something
given to equalize an exchange. —v. t. To ad-
vantage ; to profit. — Boot'less, a. Useless.

Boot (boot), n. A covering for the foot and leg ;
a receptacle for baggage on a coach ; an apron
or cover for a carriage. — v. t. To put boots on ;
to kick. — Bootee' (b6o-te'), n. A short boot.

Booth (booth), n. A temporary shelter ; a stall
in a fair.

Boot'Jack' (boot'jSk'), n. An instrument for draw-
ing off boots.

Boot'less (booties), a. See under Boot, remedy.

Boot'y (boot'jf), n. Pillage ; plunder.

Booze (booz), v. i. To drink excessively ; to tip-
ple. — n. A carouse. — Booz'y (boo'zj), a.
Fuddled ; stupid with drink.

Bo'raz (bo'raks), n. A salt of soda, used as a flux
in soldering metals, as a soap, etc. — Bo-rac'lc

(b6-r5sTk), a. Pertaining to, produced from,
or containing borax.

Bor'der (bGr'der), n. The outer part or edge of any-
thing ; boundary. — v. i. [Bordered (-derd) ;
Bordering.] To touch at the edge ; to adjoin ;
to come near to. — v. t. To make a border for ;
to touch at the edge. — Bor'der-er, n. One who
dwells on a border.

Bore (bor), v. t. & i. [Bored (bord) ; Boring.] To
make a hole in ; to perforate ; to weary ; to tire.
— n. A hole made by boring ; caliber ; a tire-
some person or affair.

Bore (bor), n. A tidal wave or flood.

Bo're-al (bo're-al), a. Northern ; pertaining to
the north, or to Boreas, the north wind.

Bor'OUgh (bur'6), n. An incorporated town that
is not a city.

Bor'row (bor'ro), v. t. [Borrowed (-rod) ; Bor-
rowing.] To take from another as a loan ; to
appropriate. — Bor'row-er, n.

Bosh (bosh), n. Mere show ; empty talk ; folly.

Bos'om (bdoz'um), n. The breast; the heart;
an embrace, —a. Pertaining to the bosom ; in-
timate ; trusted. — v. t. To cherish.

BOSS (bos), n. A stud ; a knob ; raised work. —
v . t. To ornament with bosses. — Boss'y (-y), a.
Studded.

BOSS (bos), n. A master workman ; a superin-
tendent; a political manager. — v. t. & i.
[Bossed (b5st) ; Bossing.] To direct ; to su-
perintend ; to dictate.

Bot'a-ny (bot'a-ny), n. Science of plants. —
Bo-tan'ic (bo-t5n'lk), Bo-tan'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, plants. — Bo-tan'-
ic-al-ly, adv. — Bot'a-nlst (b5t'a-nTst), n. One
skilled in botany. — Bot'a-nize (-nlz), v. i. To
study plants.

Botch (b5ch), n. A swelling ; a pustule ; a patch
on a garment ; work done clumsily. — v. t.
[Botched (b5cht) ; Botching.] To mend clum-
sily ; to spoil ; to mar. — Botch'er, n. — Botch'-
er-y (-er-y), n. Slovenly workmanship.

Bot'fly' (bSt'fll'), n. An insect troublesome to do-
mestic animals.

Both (both), a. & pron. The one and the other ;
the two. — conj. As well ; not only ; equally.

Both'er (both'er), v. t. To annoy ; to trouble ; to
perplex, —v. i. To feel care ; to worry ; to be
troublesome. — n. Annoyance; worry. — Both'-
er-a'tlon (-a'shiin), n. Vexation.

Bots (bots), BottS, n. pi. Small worms, larvae of
the botfly, infesting the throat, stomach, and
intestines of horses.

Bot'tle (b5t't'l), n. A narrow-mouthed vessel for
liquids ; the contents of a bottle. — r. t. [Bot-
tled (-t'ld) ; Bottling.] To put in bottles.

Bot'tom (bot'tum), n. The lowest part of any
thing ; the foundation ; the base ; a valley ; the
keel of a vessel ; the vessel itself ; endurance ;
stamina, —v. t. [Bottomed (-tumd) ; Bottom-
ing.] To found or build ; to furnish with a
seat or bottom, —v. i. To be based. — a. Fun-
damental ; lowest ; under. — Bot'tom-less, a.
Without a bottom ; fathomless.

HBou'dolr' (boo'dwSr'), n. A. lady's private
apartment.
Bouff e (bobf), n. Comic opera.

Bough (bou), 7i. An arm or large branch of a
tree.

||Bou-gie' (boo-zhe'), n. A wax candle; a sur-
gical instrument.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, obey, (inite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

BOUILLON

47

BRACE

llBou'lllon' (boo/yoN' or bobY-), n. Broth; soup.

Boul'der, n. See Bowlder.

||Bou'le-vaTd' (boo'le-v'aV or-le-vard'), n. Orig-
inally, a bulwark ; now, a broad avenue in a city.

I'Boule/verse/ment' (rjodl'vgrs'maN'), n. Com-
plete overthrow ; disorder.

Bounce (bouns), v. i. [Bounced (bounst) ; Boun-
cing.] To leap or spring suddenly. — v. t. To
drive against anything suddenly ; to eject vio-
lently. — n. A sudden leap ; a sudden blow or
thump ; a bold lie. — Boun'cer (boun'ser), n.
One who bounces ; a bold lie ; a liar ; something
big. — Boun'clng, a. Stout ; lusty.

Bound (bound), n. External or limiting line ; a
limit ; extent ; boundary. — v. t. To limit ; to
end ; to terminate ; to name the boundaries of.

— Bound'less, ". Without bounds or limits;
infinite. — Bound'a-ry (-a-ry), n. A limit ; a
separating line ; a barrier ; verge.

Bound (bound), v. i. To move with a leap or
spring ; to jump ; to rebound, as a ball. — n. A
jump; a spring.

Bound (bound), imp. & p. p. of Bind. Made fast
by binding ; confined. — Bound'en (bound' 'n),
a. Obligatory ; binding.

Bound, a. Destined ; tending ; going.

Bound'a-ry, n. See under Bound, a limit.

Boun'ty (boun'ty), n. Goodness ; generosity ;
munificence ; a premium (to promote manufac-
tures, induce enlistments, etc.). — Boun'te-OUS
(-te-us), a. Disposed to give freely ; generous.

— Boun'te-ous-ly, adv. — Boun'te-ous-ness, n.

— Boun'ti-ful (-tT-ful), a. Free in giving. —
Boun'ti ful-ly, adv. — Boun'ti-ful-ness, n.

Bou-quet' (boo-ka'), n. A nosegay ; a bunch of
flowers ; perfume ; aromatic odor.

Bour'bon (bdor'bun), n. One of a royal family in
several European countries ; a kind of Amer-
ican whisky ; a politician behind the age ; an
obstinate conservative.

Bour-geois' (bGr-jois'), n. A kind of type, in
size between long primer and brevier.

U^gf3 This line is in bourgeois type.

llBour-geois' (boor-zhwa'), n. A Frenchman of
middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping
class. — II Bour-geoi-sie/ (bobr-zhwa-ze'), n.
The French middle class.

Bour'geon (bGr'jun), v. i. To put forth buds;!
to branch.

Bourn, Bourne (born), n. A stream ; a rivulet ; i
a burn.

Bourn, Bourne (born or boom), n. A bound ; a
limit ; a goal.

1'Bourse (boors), n. A French exchange.

Bout (bout), n. A conflict ; a contest ; an essay.

Bo' vine (bo'vfn), a. Pertaining to cattle of the
ox kind.

Bow (bou), v. t. & i. [Bowed (boud) ; Bowing.]
To bend down ; to incline, — n. An inclination
of the head, in respect or recognition.

BOW (bou), n. The rounded part of a ship for-
ward ; the stem ; the prow ; one who rows a
forward (or bow) oar in a boat.

Bow (bo), n. Anything bent, or in the form of a
curve ; a weapon, of elastic wood, etc., for pro-
pelling arrows ; a looped knot ; a fiddlestick. — I
Bowtnot' (bc^not/), n. A knot formed with ;
a loop or bow, readily untied. — Bow'-legged7
(-lSgd7), a. Having crooked legs, the knees bent
outward. — Bow'man (-man), n. An archer. —

Bow'shot' (-shot'), n. Distance traversed by
an arrow shot from a bow. — Bow' String'
(-string'), n. The string of a bow ; a string used
by Turks to strangle criminals. — v. t. [Bow-
stringed (-stringd') or Bowstrung (-strung/) ;
Bowstringing.] To strangle. — Bow'yer (-yer),
n. An archer ; one who makes or sells bows.

Bow'el (bou'el), n. One of the intestines ; an en-
trail ; a gut.— v. t. [Boweled or Bowelled
(-Sid) ; Boweling or Bowelling.] To take out
the bowels of ; to eviscerate.

Bow'er (bou'er), n. One who bows or bends ; an
anchor carried at the bow of a ship.

Bow'er (bou'er), n. One of the two highest
cards in the game of euchre.

Bow'er (bou'er). n. Anciently, a chamber or bed-
room ; a cottage ; a shelter in a garden ; an
arbor. — v . t. To embower ; to inclose. — a.
Covering as a bower ; containing bowers ; shady.

Bowl (bol), n. A concave vessel to hold liquors,
or its contents.

Bowl (bol), n. A ball for rolling on a level sur-
face ; pi. a game thus played. — v. t. [Bowled
(bold) ; Bowling.] To roll (a bowl) ; to pelt
with anything rolled. — v. i. To play with
bowls ; to move rapidly and smoothly.

Bowl'der, Boul'der (bol'der), n. A large pebble ;
a mass of rock transported by natural agencies
from its native bed.

Bowline (boHn), n. A rope to hold a sail to
the wind.

Bowl'ing (bolTng), n. A playing at bowls, or
rolling the ball at cricket ; the game of ten-
pins. — Bowling alley. A covered place for
playing at bowls or tenpins. — Bowling green.
A level piece of ground kept smooth for bowling.

Bow'sprit (bo'sprlt), n. A spar, projecting over
the stem of a vessel, to carry sail forward.

Box (boks), n. A case or receptacle ; the quantity
that a box contains ; an inclosed space with seats
in a theater ; a small house ; the driver's seat on
a coach ; a tubular bearing for an axle in ma-
chinery. — v. t. [Boxed (bokst) ; Boxing.] To
inclose in a box ; to incase. — Boz'ing, n. Pack-
ing in boxes ; material for making boxes.

BOX (boks), n. A tree, having hard, smooth wood,
used for engraving, tools, etc. ; a shrub, used for
borders in gardens. — Box'WOOd' (-wood/), n.
Wood of the box (tree).

BOX (b5ks), n. A blow on the head or ear with
the hand. — v. t. & i. [Boxed (bokst); Box-
ing.] To strike or fight with the fist. — Box'er,
n. A pugilist. — Box'ing, n. Fighting with
fists ; sparring.

Boy (boi), n. A male child ; a lad ; a son. — Boy'-
hood (boilidod), n. State or period of being a
boy. — Boy'ish, n. Like a boy ; childish ; puer-
ile. — Boy'ish-ly, adv.

Boy'COtt/ (boi'kot/), v. t. To combine against (a
landlord, tradesman, employer, etc.). — n. So-
cial and business coercion.

Brabble (braVb'l), v. i. To clamor. — n. A
wrangle ; a noisy contest.

Brace (bras),n. A prop ; a support; a clasp; a
strut ; tension ; a bandage ; in printing, a curved
line connecting two or more words or lines,

thus, | f°owl \ ; a pair ; couple ; a curved handle

to rotate a boring tool. — v. t. [Braced (brast) ;
Bracing.] To furnish with braces ; to prop ; to
tighten ; to secure.

18m, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fe>bt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BRACELET

48

BREAKER

Brace'let (braslet), n. An ornament clasping
the wrist.

Brach'i-al (brak'T-al or bra'kT-), a. Belonging to
the arm.

Bra-chyg'ra-phy (bra-kig'ra-fy), n. Stenography.

Brack'en (brak"n), n. Fern.

Brack'et (brak'et), n. A projection from a wall
or column to support weight ; in printing, one
of two characters [ ], used to inclose a refer-
ence, note, etc. ; — called also crotchets. — v. t.
[Bracketed ; Bracketing.] To place within,
connect with, or support by, brackets.

Brack'ish (brak'Tsh), a. Saltish ; salt.

Bract (brSkt), n. A small leaf or scale, from
which a flower proceeds.

Brad (brad), n. A thin nail, with small head. —
Brad awl. An awl to make holes for inserting
brads, etc.

Brag (brag), v. i. [Bragged (bragd); Bragging.]
To praise one's self ; to swagger ; to boast ; to
bluster ; to vaunt. — n. A boast ; a game at
cards. — a. Boastful ; pretentious. — Brag'-
ger, n. — Brag'gart (-gert), n. A boaster ; a
vain fellow. — a. Boastful ; ostentatious.

Brall'ma (bra'ma), n. The first person in the
trinity of the Hindoos. — Brah'man (-man),
Brah/min (-rain), n. A Hindoo of the highest
or sacerdotal caste. — Brah/man-ism (-Tz'm),
Brah'min-ism, n. The religion of the Brah-
mans.

Braid (brad), v. t. To weave or entwine (several
strands into one) ; to plait. — n. A band of in-
tertwined strands.

Brain (bran), n. The soft mass within the skull
which is the seat of sensation and perception ;
the understanding. — v. I. [Brained (brand) ;
Braining.] To dash out the brains of; to de-
stroy. — Brainless (-les), a. Without under-
standing; silly. — Brain'pan' (-pan'), n. The
bones which inclose the brain ; the skull ; the
cranium.

Brake (brak), n. A fern ; a thicket. — Brak'y
(brak'jf), a. Full of brakes or brambles ;
thorny.

Brake (brak), n. An instrument to break flax or
hemp ; the handle by which a pump is worked ;
a harrow ; a drag ; a contrivance for stopping
wheels, etc., by friction. — Brakerman, n. One
in charge of brakes on railroad trains, etc.

Bram/ble (bram'b'l), n. A prickly shrub.

Bra'min (bra'min), n. See under Brahma.

Bran (bran), n. The outer coats of grain sepa-
rated from the flour ; husk.

Branch (branch), n. A limb ; a bough ; a shoot ;
a division ; a department, —a. Diverging from
or tributary to (a main stock, line, way, etc.). —
v. t. & i. [Branched (brancht) ; Branching.]
To divide ; to ramify. — Branching, Branch/y
(-y), a. Furnished with, or full of, branches. —
Branch'let, n. A twig.

Bran'chi-al (brSn/kT-al), a. Pertaining to, or
performed by means of, gills, as of fishes.

Brand (brand), n. A burning or burnt piece of
wood ; a thunderbolt ; a sword ; an iron instru-
ment used for burning a mark (upon a cask,
horse, criminal, etc.) ; a stigma; a disgrace ; a
quality ; a kind. — v. I. To burn or mark with
a brand ; to stigmatize.

Bran'dish (bran'dish), v. t. [Brandished (br5n'-
disht) ; Brandishing.] To wave (a weapon) ; to
shake ; to flourish. — n. A flourish.

Brand'-new' (brand'nu'), a. Quite new, as if
fresh from the forge.

Bran'dy (bran'dy), n. Ardent spirit distilled
from wine, cider, fruit, etc. — Bran'died (-did),
a. Mixed, flavored, or treated with brandy.

Bran'gle (bran'g'l), n. A brawl ; a squabble. —
v. i. To wrangle ; to dispute.

Brant (brant), n. A kind of wild goose ; — called
also brand goose and brent.

Brash (br^sh), a. Hasty in temper ; brittle. —
n. A rash or eruption ; refuse boughs of trees ;
truck ; fragments of ice.

Bra'sier (bra'zher), Bra'zier, n. One who works
in brass ; a pan for holding coals.

Brass (bras), n. A yellow alloy of copper and
zinc ; impudence. — Braze (braz), v. t. To
cover or solder with brass. — Brass'y (bras'y),
Bra'zen (bra'z'n), a. Pertaining to, or made
of, brass; harsh; loud; impudent. — Brass'i-
ness, Bra'zen-ness, n.

Brat (brat), n. A child ; — in contempt.

Bra-va'do(bra-va'do), n. ; pi. Bravadoes (-doz).
An arrogant menace ; a boast ; a brag.

Brave (brav), a. Courageous ; bold ; fearless ;
high-spirited. — n. A brave person ; an Indian
warrior. —v. t. [Braved (bravd) ; Braving.]
To encounter courageously ; to set at defiance ;
to dare. — Brave'ly, adv. — Brav'er-y (-er-^),
n. Courage ; showy appearance ; ostentation.

Bra'VO (bra'vo), n. ; pi. Bravoes (-v6z). A dar-
ing villain ; a bandit ; an assassin.

Bra'VO (bra'vo), inter j. Well done ! — expressive
of applause.

Brawl (bral), v. i. [Brawled (braid) ; Brawl-
ing.] To quarrel noisily ; to roar, as water. — n.
A noisy quarrel ; a contention. — Brawl'er, n.

Brawn (bran), n. Full, strong muscles ; strength ;
the flesh" of a boar. — Bra wn'y, a. Having
strong muscles ; muscular ; bulky.

Brax'y (braks'y), n. A disease of sheep ; the
animal so diseased, or its mutton.

Bray (bra), v. t. [Brayed (brad); Braying.]
To pound, rub, or grind to powder. — Bray'er,
n. A tool for pounding, etc.

Bray (bra), v. i. To utter a harsh, grating noise.

— n. The cry of an ass; any discordant sound.

Braze, Brazen, etc. See under Brass.

Breach (brech), n. A break ; a gap ; an infrac-
tion ; a quarrel ; a difference ; a misunder-
standing. — v. t. [Breached (brecht) ; Breach-
ing.] To make a breach in walls by artillery.

— Breach'y (-y), a. Apt to break fences; —
applied to unruly cattle.

Bread (bred), n. Food made of flour or meal ;
provisions in general. — Bread'fruit' (bred'-
frut'), n. A Pacific island tree, whose bark is
made into cloth, and whose fruit, when baked,
resembles bread, and is eaten as food. — Bread'-
Stutl'(-stuf'), n. Corn; meal; flour.

Breadth (bredth), n. Broadness ; distance from
side to side ; width.

Break (brak), v. t. [imp. Broke (brok), (Obs.
Brake) ; p. p. Broken (bro'k'n), (Obs. Broke) ;
p. pr. Breaking.] To part or open by force ; to
rend ; to crush ; to destroy ; to tame ; to make
bankrupt ; to remove from office. — v. i. To
part asunder ; to appear ; to dawn ; to burst ; to
become bankrupt ; to change suddenly ; to fall
out ; to terminate friendship. — n. An open-
ing ; a breach ; a pause ; failure. — Break'er,
n. One who, or that which, breaks; a wave

a, 6, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

BREAKABLE

49

BRIEF

breaking into foam against the beach, a rock,
etc. ; a machine for breaking rocks ; a small
water cask. — Break' a-ble (brak'a-b'l), a. Cap-
able of being broken. —Breakage (-aj), re. A
breaking ; allowance for things broken in trans-
portation.

Break'down' (brak'doun'), re. A breaking down ;
downfall ; a noisy dance.

Break'fast (brek'fast), re. The first meal in the
day. — v. i. To eat the morning meal. —v. t.
To furnish with breakfast.

Break'neck' (brak'nek'), re. A steep place, en-
dangering the neck. — a. Headlong; rapid.

Break'up' (brak'up' ), re. Disruption ; separation ;
dispersion.

Break'wa'ter (brak'wa'ter), re. A structure to
break the force of waves.

Bream (brem), re. A food fish of fresh and salt
water.

Bream (brem), v. t. [Breamed (bremd) ; Bream-
ing.] To clean (a ship's bottom).
Breast (brest), re. The upper fore part of the

body ; the chest ; a teat ; the seat of the affec-
tions ; the heart. — v. t. To meet ; to oppose

manfully. — Breast'bone' (-bon'), re. The bone

of the breast ; the sternum. — Breast ' pin'

(-pin'), re. A pin worn on the breast, as an orna-
ment or a fastening ; a brooch. — Breast'plate'

(-plat'), re. Armor for the breast. — Breast' -

WOrk' (-wfirk'), n. A low parapet for defence.
Breath (breth), n Air respired; life; breeze;

an instant. — Breath'less (-les), a. Out of

breath ; dead.
Breathe (breth), v. i. [Breathed (brethd) ;

Breathing.] To respire; to live; to take

breath ; to rest ; to exhale ; to emanate. — v. t.

To respire ; to exhale ; to put out of breath ; to

suffer to take breath or to rest. — Breath'a-ble,

a. Capable of being breathed ; respirable. —

Breath'ing, re. Respiration ; aspiration ; pause.
Breath'less, a. Sae under Breath.
llBrec'Cia (brgt'cha), re. Rock composed of an-
gular fragments, united by cement.
Bred (bred), imp. &jo. p. of Breed.
Breech (brech or brich), n. The lower part of

the body behind ; the hinder part of anything,

esp. of a firearm, behind the chamber. — v. t.

[Breeched (brecht or bricht) ; Breeching.] To

furnish with breeches or a breech. — Breech'es

(brich'ez), n. pi. A garment worn by men,

covering the hips and thighs. — Breech ' ing

(brTch'Tng), re. That part of a harness around

the breech of a horse ; a rope preventing a can-
non from recoiling too much. — Breech'load'er

(-lod'er), n. A firearm loaded at the breech. —

Breech'-load'ing, a. Receiving the charge at

the breech instead of the muzzle.
Breed (bred), v. t. [Bred (bred); Breeding.]

To generate ; to beget ; to hatch ; to nurse and

foster ; to instruct ; to occasion ; to produce ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

to give birth to. — v. i. To bear and nourish
young. — re. A race or progeny from the same
stock ; progeny ; offspring. — Breed'er, re. —
Breed'ing, re. Formation of manners ; educa-
tion ; nurture ; training.

Breeze (brez), Breeze'fly' (-fli'), re. A fly which
buzzes about animals, tormenting them by suck-
ing their blood.

Breeze (brez), re. Refuse left in making coke,
charcoal, bricks, etc.

Breeze (brez), re. A light wind ; a gentle gale. —
Breez'y (-y), a. Fanned with gentle breezes.

Brent (brent), re. See Brant.

Breth'ren (breth'ren), re., pi. of Brother.

Brett (bret), n. A britzska.

Breve (brev), n. A musical note, equal to four
minims. \\C2\\

Bre-vet' (bre-vgf), n. A commission giving '
an officer higher rank than that for which reve>
he is paid ; honorary promotion. — v. t. To con-
fer title upon by brevet.

Bre'vl-a-ry (bre'vT-a-ry), n. A book containing
the Roman Catholic or Greek church service ;
an abridgment ; an epitome.

Bre-Vier' (bre-ver'), n. Small printing type in
size between bourgeois and minion.
$3!^ This line is printed in brevier type.

Brev'I-ty (brev'T-ty), n. Shortness ; conciseness.

Brew (bru), v. t. [Brewed (brud) ; Brewing.]
To mingle ; to contrive, —v. i. To make beer ;
to be in state of preparation. — n. Mixture
formed by brewing. — Brew'er, n. — Brew'-
er-y (-er-y), Brew house, n. A place where beer
is brewed. — Brew'ing, n. A preparing (beer,
ale, etc.); the quantity brewed at once; the
gathering of a storm.

Bribe (brib), n. A gift to corrupt the conduct of
the receiver. — v. t. & i. [Bribed (bribd) ;
Bribing.] To corrupt or accomplish by gifts.

— Brib'er, n. — Brib'er-y (-er-y), n. A bribing.
Bric'-a-brac' (brik'a-braV), n. Collected curios-
ities and works of art.

Brick (brik), n. A block of burned clay ; bricks,
collectively ; a good fellow. — v. t. [Bricked
(brikt) ; Bricking.] To lay, pave, or construct
with bricks. — Brick'baV, n. A fragment of a
brick. — Brick'kiln' (-kTF), n. A kiln, in which
bricks are baked or burnt. — Brick'lay'er, re.
One who builds with bricks. — Brick'lay'ing, re.
Art of building with bricks. — Brick'work'
(-wfirk'), n. A structure of bricks ; the art of
laying bricks.

Bride (brid), n. A woman newly married, or
about to be married. — Brid'al (bri'Jal), a.
Pertaining to a bride or a wedding ; nuptial. —
re. A wedding ; a marriage. — Bride'groom'
(-groom'), re. A man newly married or about to
be married. — Brides'maid' (bridz'mad'), n.
An unmarried female friend who attends a bride
at her wedding.

Bride' well (brid'wel), re. A house of correction.

Bridge (brij), n. A structure carrying a road
over a river, chasm, railroad, etc. ; a support.

— v t. [Bridged (brijd) ; Bridging.] To form
a bridge over.

Bri'dle (bri'd'l), re. An instrument to govern
and restrain a horse ; a curb ; a check. — v. t.
Bridled (-d'ld) ; Bridling (-dling).] To put a
bridle on; to restrain; to control, —v. i. To
hold up the head loftily.

Brief (bref), a. Short; limited; summary. — re.

BRIEFLY

50

BRONCHO

An epitome; an abstract. —Briefly (brefl^),
adv.— Briefness, n. — Brief 'less, a. Having
no brief ; without clients.
Bri'er (bri'er), Bri'ar, n. A prickly plant or shrub.

— Bri'er-y (-er-y), a. Full of briers ; rough ;
thorny.

Brig (brig), n. "A vessel with two masts, square-
rigged.

Bri-gade' (brT-
gad'), n. A di-
vision of troops,
containing two
or more regi-
m e n t s . — v. t.
To form into a
brigade or bri-
gades. — Briga-
dier' gen'er-al
(brTg'a-der' jen'-
er-rd). The offi-
cer who com- Brig.
mands a bri-
gade, in rank between a colonel and a major
general.

Brig'and (brTg'ernd), n. A lawless fellow who
lives by plunder : a robber ; a freebooter. —
Brig'and-age (-aj), n. Theft; plunder.

Brig'an-tine (brTg'an-tiu), n. A kind of small
brig, having no square mainsail.

Bright (brit), a. Shining ; brilliant ; clear ; in-
telligent ; vivacious ; witty. — Bright'ly, adv.

— Bright'ness, n.— Bright'en (brl't'n), v. t.
& i. [Brightened (-t'nd) ; Brightening.] To

make or become bright.
Bril'liant (bril'yant), a. Sparkling with luster ;
splendid ; shining. — n. A diamond cut into
angles ; the smallest size of English type. —

JOT This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.

Bril ' liant - ly, adv. — Bril ' liant - ness, Bril'-
liance (-yans), Bril'lian-cy (-yan-sy), n.
Brim (brim), n. Rim ; border ; edge ; margin.

— v. i. [Brimmed (brimd); Brimming.] To
be full to the brim. — Brim'fuP (brim'fuF), a.
Full to the top ; completely full. — Brim'mer,
n. A bowl full to the top. — Brim/ming, a.
Full to the top or brim.

Brim/Stone (briui'ston), n. Sulphur.

Brin'ded (brTn'ded), Brin'dled (brin'd'ld), a.

Streaked ; spotted. — Brin'dle (-d'l), n. State

of being brinded ; spottedness.
Brine (brin), n. Water impregnated with salt ;

the ocean or sea ; tears. — v. t. To salt by

steeping in brine or sprinkling with it. —

Brin'y, a. Salt.
Bring (bring), v. t. [Brought (brat); Bring-
ing.] To convey or carry to ; to fetch.
Brink (brink), n. Edge, margin, or border of a

steep place ; verge.
Brisk (brisk), a. Full of spirit or life ; active ;

nimble ; gay. — Brisk'ly, adv. — Brisk'ness, n.
Bris'ket (bris'ket), n. The breast of an animal ;

the part next to the ribs.
Bris'tle (bris's'l), n. A short, stiff, coarse hair,

as of swine. — v. t. & i. [Bristled (-s'ld) ;

Bristling (-sling).] To stand erect and stiff.

— Bris'tly (-sly), a. Thick set with bristles ;
rough.

Bris'tol board' (bris'tul bord')- A fine paste-
board, with smooth surface.

Bri-tan'ni-a (biT-tan'nT-a), n. A metallic alloy
of tin, antimony, bismuth, and copper.

cue, 1, 5, a, long i a, e, I, 5, A, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

Brit'ish (brit'Tsh), a. Pertaining to Great Brit-
ain or its inhabitants.

Brit'on (brTt'un), a. British. — n A native of
Great Britain.

Brit'tle (brTt't'l), a. Easily broken ; apt to break ;
fragile. — Brit'tle-ness, n.

BritZ'ska (brTs'ka), n. A long carriage, with
calash top ; a brett.

Broach (broch), n. A tapering tool ; a spit, or
pin. — v. t. [Broached (brocht) ; Broaching.]
To pierce ; to tap ; to let out ; to make public.

Broad (brad), a. Wide ; extended in breadth ;
ample ; comprehensive ; coarse ; gross ; obscene.
— Broad'ly, adv. — Broad'ness. n.— Broad'en,
v. t. & i. To grow or make broad or wider.

Broad'ax' (brad'Sks'), Broad'axe', n. An ax with
a broad edge, for hewing timber.

Broad'cast (brad'kast), n. A casting seed from
the hand in sowing. — a. Widely spread.

Broad'cloth (brad'kloth), n. Fine woolen cloth
for men's garments.

Broad' gauge' (brad' gay). A wider distance be-
tween the rails on a railroad than the " stand-
ard " gauge of 4 feet 8£ inches.

Broad'side7 (brad'sid'), n. The side of a ship
above the water line ; a simultaneous discharge
of all the guns on one side of a ship ; a volley ;
a large sheet of paper printed on one side.

Broad'SWOrd' (brad'sord'), n. A sword with
a broad blade and a cutting edge ; a claymore.

Bro-cade' (bro-kad'), n. Silk stuff, variegated
with gold, silver, flowers, etc. — Bro-cad'ed
(-ka'ded), a. Woven or worked, as brocade;
dressed in brocade.

Bro'cage (bro'kaj), n. Brokerage.

Broc'CO-li (biok'k6-lT), n. A kind of cabbage
resembling cauliflower.

Brock (br5k), n. A badger.

Bro'gan (bro'gan), n. A coarse shoe.

Brogue (brog), n. A corrupt dialect or pronun-
ciation.

Broid'er (broid'er), v. t. To embroider.

Broil (broil), n. A noisy quarrel ; a tumult ; an
altercation ; discord.

Broil (broil), v. t. [Broiled (broild) ; Broiling.]
To cook over coals or on a gridiron. — v. i. To
be greatly heated. — Brcil'er, n.

Bro'kage (bro'kaj), n. Brokerage.

Broke (brok), imp. & p. p. of Break. — Brok'en
(bro'k'n), a. Parted by violence ; infirm ; hum-
bled ; contrite ; subjugated ; ruined. — Brok'-
en-ly, adv. — Brok'en-heart'ed (-hSrl/Sd), a.
Crushed by grief or despair ; forlorn. — Brok'en—
Winded (-wind'ed"), a. Having short breath.

Bro'ker (bro'ker), n. One who transacts business
for another ; an agent. — Bro'ker-age ( - Sj ),
Bro'cage, Bro'kage (-kSj), n. The business,
also the commission or fee, of a broker.

Bro'ma (bro'ma), n. Aliment ; food ; cocoa pre-
pared for a drink.

Bro'mine (bro'min or bro'min), n. A chemical
element, related to chlorine and iodine. — Bro'-
mide (-mid or -mid), n. A compound contain-
ing bromine.

Bron'chi-al (br5n 'kw7l>), Bron'chic (-kTk), a.
Belonging to the bronchi ("bronchial tube! ")
or air passages of the lungs. — Bron-chi'tis
(-ki'tTs), n. Inflammation of the bronchial
membrane.

Bron'chO (brSn'ko), n. A small Western or Mex-
ican horse.

BRONZE

51

BUCKLER

(brSnz or bronz), n. A hard alloy of cop-
per with tin, ziuc, etc. ; the reddish color of this
compound ; a statue, medal, etc., made of it. —
v. t. To redden or harden.

Brooch (broch), n. An ornament ; a breastpin.

Brood (brood), n. The young birds hatched at
one time; offspring; progeny. —a. Sitting on
eggs ; kept to breed from. -—v. i. To sit on and
cover eggs or young ; to sit quietly or moodily ;
to muse ; to meditate.

Brook (br56k), to. A small stream of water. —
Brook/let, n. A small brook.

Brook (brdok), v. t. [Brooked (bro"6kt) ; Brook-
ing.] To bear; to put up with ; to tolerate.

Broom (broom), to. A plant having many twigs ;
a besom, or brush for sweeping floors, etc. —
Broom'y (-f), a. Consisting of, full of, or re-
sembling, broom. — Broom corn. A species of
Sorghum, or Guinea corn, bearing a head of
which brooms are made. — Broom'stlck' (-stlk'),
to The handle of a broom.

Broth (br5th), to. Liquor in which flesh, etc., has
been boiled ; thin soup.

Broth'el (brothel), n. A house of ill fame.

Brotb/er (bruth'er), n. ; pi. Brothers (-erz) or
Brethren (brSth'ren). A son of the same pa-
rents ; a near associate ; a companion. — Broth'-
er-ly, a. Becoming brothers ; like a brother ;
affectionate. — Broth'er-li-ness, to. — Broth'-
er-h00d (-h5od), n. State of being a brother ;
fraternity. — Broth'er-in-laW (-Tn-la/), to. The
brother of one's husband or wife ; a sister's
husband.

Brough/am (broo'am or broom), ». A light, close
carriage.

Brow (brou), to. The ridge over the eye, with
the hair that covers it ; the forehead ; the eye-
brow ; countenance ; the edge of a steep place.

BroWbeat' (brou'bet/), v. t. limp. Browbeat ;
p. p. Browbeaten (-bef'n) ; p. pr. Browbeat-
ing.] To bear down with sternness ; to bully.

Brown (broun), a. Of a dark color between black
and red or yellow. — to. Color resulting from
mixture of red, black, and yellow ; a tawny hue.

— v. t. & i. [Browned (bround) ; Browning.]
To make or become brown. — Brown'ness, n.

— Brown'ish, a. Somewhat brown. — Brown
StOUt. Porter, a strong malt liquor. — Brown
Study. Reverie.

Brown'ie (broun'i), ». A good-natured house-
hold spirit.

Browse (brouz), to. Tender branches of trees
and shrubs ; green food for cattle, etc. — v. t.
& i. To feed on branches ; to graze ; to pasture.

Bru'in (bru/in), n. A bear.

Bruise (bruz), v. t. [Bruised (bruzd) ; Bruis-
ing.] To hurt with blows ; to crush ; to mash.

— v. i. To box. —n. An injury to the flesh of
animals or fruits ; a contusion. — Bruls'er, n.

Bruit (brut), «. Report ; rumor ; fame. — v. t.
To report ; to noise abroad.

Bru'mal (bru/mal), a. Belonging to winter.

Bru-nette' (bru-nef), to. A girl or woman with
dark complexion.

Brunt (brunt), to. Violence of an onset ; shock.

Brush (brush), to. An instrument of bristles,
etc., for removing dust, laying on colors, etc. ;
branches of trees lopped off ; brushwood ;
thicket ; a skirmish ; a slight encounter ; trial of
speed, etc. — v. t. [Brushed (brusht) ; Brush-
ing.] To clean, rub, sweep, paint, etc., with a

brush ; to touch slightly in passing. — v. i. To*
move lightly. — Brush ' J ( - y ), a. Rough ;
shaggy. — Brush/WOOd (-wood), to. A thicket
of small trees ; small branches chopped off.

Brusque (broosk), n. Rough and prompt ; blunt ;,
curt ; abrupt.

Brute (brut), a. Not having sensation ; sense-
less ; irrational ; cruel ; savage ; pitiless ; coarse ;
unintelligent. — to. An animal destitute of rea-
son ; a beast ; a brutal or coarse person ; a sav-
age. — Bru'tal (bru'tal), a. Pertaining to, or
like a brute; inhuman. — Bru'tal-ly, adv. —
Bru-tal'i-ty (bru-tal'i-ty), to. Quality of being
brutal ; cruelty ; an inhuman act. — Bru'tal-iZft
(bru'tfll-Iz), v. t. To make brutal. — Bru'tish,.
a. Insensible ; stupid ; gross ; bestial ; savage ;
cruel. — Bru'tish-ly, adv. — Bru'tish-ness, to.
— Bru'tism (-tiz'm), to. Nature or character-
istic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme
stupidity ; beastly vulgarity.

Bry'O-ny ( bri ' 6 - nf ), n. A genus of climbing
plants.

Bub/ble (but/b'l), n. A small bladder of water ;
a delusive scheme ; a dishonest speculation. —
v. i. [Bubbled (-b'ld) ; Bubbling (-bling).] To
rise in bubbles ; to run with a gurgling noise. —
v. t. To cheat ; to deceive.

Bub'bly (bul/bly), a. Abounding in bubbles;
bubbling.

Buc'ca-neer' ( bQk ' ka - ner ' ), Buc'a-nier', to. A
pirate ; a freebooter. — v. i. To live as a sea
robber.

Bu-cen'taur (bu-sSu'tar), n. A fabulous mon-
ster, half ox and half man ; the state barge of
Venice.

Bu'chu (bu'ku), to. A South African shrub used
for diseases of the bladder.

Buck (buk), n. Lye or suds in which cloth is
soaked for bleaching, or clothes are washed.—
v. t. [Bucked (biikt); Bucking.] To soak,
steep, or wash (cloth or clothes) ; to pulverize
(ores in mining). — Buck'-bas'kett-bas'kgt),?*.
A basket for taking soiled clothes to the wash.

Buck (biik), to. The male of deer, goats, sheep,
rabbits, etc. ; a male Indian or negro ; a fop ; a
dandy. — v. i. To copulate, as bucks and does ;
to spring violently, like a vicious mule. — v. t.
To throw (a rider) by bucking ; to punish (a
man) by tying the hands together and holding
them over the bent knees by a stick passed over
the wrists and under the knees.

Buck (buk), to. A frame in which to saw fire-
wood ; a sawhorse. — Buck saw. A saw set
in a frame, for sawing wood on a sawhorse.

Buck'boaraV (buk'bordO, Buck'wag'on (-w5g'-
ihi), n. A four-wheeled vehicle, consisting of a
board resting on the axletrees, and carrying
seats.

Buck'et (buk'et), n. A vessel for drawing or
carrying water, etc. — Bucket shop. A place
for betting on market prices of stocks, etc.

Buck'eye' (buk'i'), n. A tree or shrub of the
horse chestnut kind ; an inhabitant of Ohio.

Buck'ish (buck'ish), a. Foppish ; dandified.

Buc'kle (bQk'k'l), n. A device for holding straps
in place ; a bend or kink in a saw blade or other
piece of metal ; a curl. — v. t. [Buckled (-k'ld) ;
Buckling.] To fasten with a buckle ; to bend ;
to kink. — v. i. To bow ; to kink ; to struggle ;
to contend.
Buc'kler (buk'kler), n. A shield.

fgrn, recent, drb, r^ide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BUCKRAM

52

BULLFINCH

Buck'ram ( biik ' ram ), n. Coarse linen cloth,
stiffened with glue. — a. Made of buckram ;
stiff ; precise ; formal.

Buck'shof (buk'shot/), n. Coarse lead shot, used
in hunting deer and large game.

Buck/Skin' (biik'skln'), n. Skin or leather of a
buck. pi. Breeches made of buckskin.

Buck'thorn/ (bak'thOrn'), n. A genus of shrubs
or trees, some of which are thorny.

Buck'wheaf (buk'hwet' ), n. A plant, whose
seed is used as a grain.

Bu-COl'iC (bu-kol'Tk), a. Relating to shepherds;
pastoral ; rustic. — n. A pastoral poem. — Bu-
col'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Bucolic.

Bud (bud), n. An undeveloped branch or flower ;
a prominence on certain animals, which grows j
into a new animal, — v. i. [Budded ; Budding.]
To put forth buds ; to sprout ; to germinate ; to
blossom. — v. t. To insert (the bud of a plant)
under the bark of another tree, in order to I
modify its fruit ; to graft.

Bud/dhism (bodd'dTz'in), n. The doctrine taught I
by the Hindu sage Buddha, adopted as a reli-
gion in Asia and the Indian Islands. — Bud'dhist
(-dTst), n. A votary of Buddhism. — Bud'dhist,
Bud-dhist'ic (-dTs'tTk), a. Relating to Bud-
dhism, or its founder.

Budge (buj), v. i. [Budged (bujd) ; Budging.]
To stir ; to go ; to move.

Budge (buj), n. Lamb-skin fur, used formerly
as an edging, esp. of scholastic habits. — a.
Lined with budge ; scholastic ; austere ; stiff.

Budg'et (buj'e't), n. A bag or sack, with its con-
tents; the annual financial statement made in
the British House of Commons.

Bull (buf), n. Leather dressed with oil ; a light
yellowish color ; a polishing wheel covered with
buff leather; the bare skin. — a. Made of buff
leather, or of its color. — v. t. [Buffed (buft) ;
Buffing.] To polish with a buff.

Buf fa-lo (buf'fa-lo), n. A wild ox of the East-
ern hemisphere, the American bison ; a buffalo
robe, or skin of the American bison prepared
with the hair on, as a wrap for cold weather.

Buffer (buf'er), w. A cushion or fender, to
deaden the jar of colliding bodies ; a buff ; a
polisher; a good-humored, slow-witted 'fellow.

Buffet' (boof-fa'), n. A cupboard ; a sideboard ;
a counter for refreshments.

Buffet (buffet), n. A blow ; a slap ; a cuff ; an
affliction ; a trial, —v. t. [Buffeted ; Buffet-
ing.] To strike ; to contend against ; to muffle
the sound of (a bell). — v. i. To strive ; to strug-
gle ; to force one's way.

I! Buffo (bool'fo), n. The comic actor in opera.

Buffoon' (biif-foon'), n. A clown; a mimic; a
mountebank. — Buf-foon',
Buf-foon'ish, a. Like a buf-
foon ; comic; vulgarly droll.
— Buff oon'er-y ( - er -y ), n.
Jests, pranks, tricks, and
postures of a buffoon.

Bug (bug), n. An insect of
many species ; esp., the bed-
bug. —Bug'gy (-gj). a. In-
fested with bugs. — Bug'gi-
ness, n.

Bug'a-bOO' (buK'a-bolV), Bug'-
beaf (-bar'), n. Something
frightful ; a specter. Bag.

Bug'gy, a. Bee under Bug, n.

Bug'gy (bug'gy), n. A light four-wheeled vehicle
with or without a
calash top.

Bu'gle (bu'g'l), n. A
horn, used in hunt-
ing or for military
music. — Bu'gler,
n. One who plays
on a bugle.

Bu'gle ( bu ' g'l ), 7i.
An elongated glass
bead. — a. Jet
black.

Bu'gle (bu'g'l), n. A
plant of the mint
kind, used in medi-
cine.

Bu'gloss(bu'glos),
n. A plant used in
dyeing ; oxtongue.

Buhl (bul), n. Or- Bu^py without « nd with Top.
namental figure

work of brass, unburnished gold, etc., set into
surfaces of ebony, tortoise-shell, etc.

Buhr'stone' (bur'ston'), n. A variety of flinty
quartz, valuable for millstones. [Often writ-
ten burrstone.']

Build (blld), v. t. [Built (bilt); Building.
The regular imp. & p. p. Builded is anti-
quated.] To raise a structure ; to erect ; to
construct; to increase; to strengthen. — 1\ i.
To practice building ; to rest or depend (upon) ;
to rely (upon). — n. Mode of construction ;
form; figure; make. — Build'er, n. — Build'-
lng, n. Art of constructing ; architecture ; the
thing built ; an edifice ; a fabric.

Bulb (bulb), n. A globular root or expansion.
— v. i. To swell.— Bulb'OUS (-us), a. Having
round roots or heads ; growing from bulbs ;
bulblike in shape ; protuberant.

Bulge (bulj), n. Protuberant part of a cask ; bilge
of a vessel ; a swelling ; a bending outward. —
v. i. [Bulged (buljd) ; Bulging.]— v. i. To
swell or jut out ; to bilge, as a ship.

Bulk (bulk), n. Magnitude ; size ; mass ; the
largest or principal portion ; the whole cargo of
a ship when stowed. — BuUr/y (-$), a. Big;
large. — Bulk'i-ness, n.

Bulk'head' (biilk'hSd'), n. A partition in a ship,
to form separate apartments on the same deck ;
a wall to resist pressure of water, earth, etc

Bull (bul), n. The male of cattle, also of other
animals, as of the elephant, whale, etc. ; a
dealer in stocks who expects a rise in their
value. — a. Of or like a bull; male; large;
fierce, —v.t. [Bulled (buld) ; Bulling.] To
seek to raise the price of (stocks, etc).

Bull (bul), n. A seal; a sealed letter, edict, or
rescript of the pope ; a grotesque blunder in
language.

Bull'dOg' (bul'dSg'), n. A variety of dop, of re-
markable ferocity and courage. —o. Unyield-
ing ; tenacious.

Bull'doze' (bul'doz'), r. t. [Bulldozed (-ddzd) ;
Bulldozino.] To intimidate ; to coerce by vio-
lence. [5/ffnc C.S.]

Bul'let (bul'leO. ». A ball for a gun.

Bul'le-tin 0>ul'lr-tTn). h. Aa offlola] report or
announcement.

Bull'finch' (bul'fTu<\u/xi, ». A singing bird allied
to the grosbeak

a, e, i, S| Q, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, u, y , short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, Unite, c Are, arm, ask, all, final,

BULLFROG

53

BURLESQUE

Bull'frog' ( bul ' fr5g ' ), n. A large species of

American frog, which bellows loudly in spring.

Bul'lion (bul'yiiu), n. Uncoined gold or silver.

— Bul'lion-ist, n. One who favors a metallic
currency, or a paper currency always exchange-
able for gold.

Bul'lock (bul'luk), n. A young male of the ox
kind ; an ox, or castrated bull.

Bull's'— eye7 (bulzl'), n. A wooden block without
sheaves, for connecting rigging ; a circular open-
ing for air or light ; a policeman's lantern ; the
center of a target.

Bul'ly (huliy), n. ; pi. Bullies (-ITz). A noisy,
blustering fellow. — a. Jovial ; jolly. — v. i.
[Bullied (-lid); Bullying.] To bluster; to
swagger. — v. t. To intimidate ; to insult.

Bul'rush' (bul'rush'), n. A large rush, growing
in wet land or water.

Bul'wark (bul'wfirk), n. A fortification ; a shel-
ter ; pi. the sides of a ship above the upper deck.

— v. t. To protect.

Bum'ble-bee7 (biini'b'1-be7), n. A large bee, some-
times called humblebee ; named from its sound.

Bum'mer (bum'mer), n. A vagrant, worthless
fellow ; a dissipated sponger.

Bump (bump), v. I. & i. [Bumped (burnt) ; Bump-
ing.] To strike ; to thump?— n. A heavy
blow ; a swelling ; a bruise. — Bump'er, n.

Bump'er (bum'per), n. A cup filled to the brim.

Bump'kin (biimp'kin), n. An awkward, heavy
rustic ; a clown ; a lout.

Bump'tious (bump'shQs), a. Self-conceited ; for-
ward ; pushing. — Bump'tious-ness, n.

Bun (bun), Bunn, n. A small sweet cake.

Bunch (bunch), n. A protuberance ; hunch ; knob
or lump ; a collection, cluster, or tuft, of things
of the same kind. — v. i. [Bunched (buncht) ;
Bunching.] To swell out into a bunch, —v. t.
To form or collect in bunches. — Bunch'y (-f),
a. Full of, or growing in, bunches; having
tufts. — Bunch'i-ness, n.

Bun'COmbe (bun'kum), Bun'kum, n. Speech-
making for mere show; flattering talk for a
selfish or partisan purpose.

HBund (boond), n. League ; confederacy ; the
confederation of German states. — HBun'des-
rath' (bdon'des-raf), n. The federal council of
the German Empire, also of Switzerland.

Bun'dle (bun'd'l), n. A number of things bound
together; a parcel; a roll. — v. t. [Bundled
(-d'ld) ; Bundling.] To bind in a bundle.—
v. i. To set off in a hurry.

Bung (bung), n. A stopper of the orifice in a cask ;
the orifice itself, -—v. t. [Bunged (bungd) ;
Bunging.] To stop (the orifice of a cask) with
a bung; to close. — Bung'hole' (-hoi'), n. An
orifice in a cask, for filling it.

Bun'ga-low (bun'ga-lo), n. In India, a house of
one story.

Bun'gle (bun'g'l), v. i. [Bungled (-g'ld) ; Bun-
gling (-gling). ] To act or work clumsily. — v. t.
To botch. — Bun'gler (-gler), n. — Bun'gling,
a. Unskillful ; awkward ; clumsily done. —
Bun'gling-ly, adv.

Bun'ion, n. See Bunyon.

Bunk (bunk), n. A case or box, for a seat or bed ;
a berth. — v. i. [Bunked (bunkt) ; Bunking.]
To go to bed.

Bun'ker (bun'ker), n. A chest ; bin for coal, etc.

Bun'ko (bun'ko), n. A swindling game, by means
of cards, a sham lottery, etc.

Bun'ion (bun'yun), Bun'yon, n. An inflamed

swelling on the ball of the great toe.

Bun' ting (bun'ting), n. A bird of the Finch and
Sparrow family.

Bun'ting (bun'ting), Bun'tine (-tin), n. A thin
woolen stuff, used for colors, flags, etc.

Bunt'line (bunt'lTn or -lin), n. One of the ropes
to haul up the body of a sail when taking it in.

Buoy (bwoi or boi), n. A float ; a mark to indi-
cate objects beneath the water, —v. I. [Buoyed
(bwoid or boid) ; Buoying.] To keep afloat ; to
keep from sinking into ruin or despondency ; to
mark by buoys. — v. i. To float ; to rise by spe-
cific lightness. — Buoy'age (-aj), n. Buoys taken
collectively ; the providing of buoys. — Buoy'-
ant, a. Floating ; light ; cheerful ; vivacious.

— Buoy'ant-ly, adv. — Buoy'an-cy (-an-sy), n.
Lightness; the weight just sufficient to sub-
merge a floating body ; cheerfulness ; vivacity.

Bur (bflr), Burr, n. A prickly head of a plant ; a
ridge left by a tool in dressing metal.

Bur'DOt (bfir'bot), n. An eel-like, fresh-water
fish, having beards on nose and chin ; the eel
pout ; the ling.

Bur'den (bflr'd'n), n. That which is borne; a
load ; the cargo or capacity of a ship ; an en-
cumbrance ; an oppression. — v. t. [Burdened
(-d'nd) ; Burdening.] To load ; to oppress. —
Bur'den-SOme (-sum), a. Heavy ; grievous.

Bur'den (bfir'd'n), n. The verse repeated in a
song ; a chorus ; a refrain ; anything often re-
peated ; the main topic ; the drone of a bagpipe.

Bur'dock (bflr'dok), n. A weed, bearing burs.

Bu'reau (bu'ro or bu-ro'), n. ; pi. E. Bureaus
(-roz), F. Bureaux (bu'ro'). A desk; a chest
of drawers for clothes, papers, etc. ; an office ;
an administrative department.

Burg (burg), n. A borough.

Bur'ga-mot' (bfir'ga-mof), n. Same as Bergamot.

Bur-geois' (bQr-jois'), n. Same as Bourgeois.

Bur'gess (bflr'jes), n. A citizen, representative,
or magistrate of a borough.

Burg'grave (bflr'grav), ?i. A German noble.

Burgh (bfirg), n. See Burg and Borough. —
Burgh'al (bflrg'al), a. Belonging to a burgh.

— Burgh'er (bffrg'er), n. A citizen of a burgh
or borough.

Bur'glar (bflr'gler), n. One guilty of burglary.

— Bur'gla-ry (-gla-ry), n. Housebreaking by
night. — Bur-gla'ri-OUS (-gla'rT-us), a. Pertain-
ing to burglary ; constituting the crime of bur-
glary. — Bur-gla'ri-ous-ly, adv.

Bur'gO-mas'ter (bfir'go-mas'ter), n.
A chief magistrate in Dutch and Ger-
man towns ; an Arctic gull.

Bur'grave, n. See Burggrave.

Bur'gun-dy (bQr'gQn-dy), n. A supe-
rior wine, made in Burgundy, France.

Bur'l-al (ber'rT-al), n. A burying; a
funeral ; an interment.

Bu'rln (bu'rin), n. An engraver's tool ;
a graver.

Burl (bfirl), v. t. To dress and finish
(cloth). — n. A knot or lump in thread
or cloth ; excrescence on a tree ; ve-
neer.

Bur'lap (bflrlSp), n. A coarse fabric
of jute or hemp, for bagging, cur-
tains, etc.

Bur-lesciue' (bQr-lesk'), a. Tending to
excite laughter by ludicrous images :

Burin.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

BURLETTA

54

BUTTON

. jocular, ironical. — n. Ludicrous representa-
tion ; exaggerated parody ; caricature. — v. t.
[Burlesqued (-leskf) ; Burlesquing.] To turn
into ridicule ; to make ludicrous.

llBur-let'ta (bfir-let'ta), n. A comic opera.

Bur'ly (bfir'ly), a. Of great bulk ; stout ; lusty.

— Bur'li-ness, n.

Burn (bfirn), 7i. A brook ; a small stream.

Burn (bfirn), v. I. [Burned (bfirud) or Burnt
(bfirnt) ; Burning.] To consume or change the
condition of (a tiling) by fire or heat. — v. i.
To be on fire or inflamed. — n. A hurt caused
by fire. — Burn'er, n. One who sets on fire ; a
part of a lamp, etc., where flame is produced. —
Burn'ing, a. Hot ; fiery ; consuming ; intense.

— n. A consuming ; excessive heat. — Burning
glass. A convex glass for producing intense
heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. —
Burnt Offering. Something burnt on an altar,
to atone for sin.

Bur'nish ( bGr 'msh ), v. t. & i. [Burnished
(-nisiit) ; Burnishing.] To polish ; to brighten.

— n. Gloss ; luster.

Bur'noose (buVnoos or bur -nods'), Bur'nous,
Bour'nous, Ber'nouse, n. A garment, of Arab
origin, consisting of a cloak and hood in one
piece.

Burr. See Bur.

Bur'ro (biir'ro), n. A Mexican donkey.

Bur'row (bur'ro), n. A borough, or incorporated
town ; a shelter ; a hole in the ground made by
rabbits, etc. , for shelter and habitation ; a heap
of rubbish.— v. i. [Burrowed (-rod); Bur-
rowing.] To excavate, or lodge in, a hole in
the earth ; to hide.

Bur'sar (bfir'ser), n. A treasurer ; a charity stu-
dent. — Bur'sa-ry (-sa-ry), n. The treasury of
a college or monastery ; a charitable foundation
in a university.

Burse (burs), n. A bourse; a merchants' ex-
change.

Burst (burst), v. i. [Burst; Bursting.] To break
or fly open. — v. t. To break ; to rend ; to open
suddenly. — n. A sudden breaking forth ; a dis-
ruption ; an explosion.

Bur'then (bur'th'n), n. &v. See Burden.

Bur'y (ber'ry), v. t. [Burd3D (bSr'rTd) ; Burying
(beVry-Tng).] To cover out of sight ; to inter ;
to entomb ; to conceal ; to repress. — Burying
ground, Burying place. A place for burying
the dead.

Bush (bush), n. A thicket; a shrub; the brush
or tail of a fox. — v. i. [Bushed (busht) ; Bush-
ing.] To branch thickly. — r. t. To support
(vines, etc.) or harrow (land) with bushes. —
Bush'y (-y), (t. Thick and spreading ; full of
bushes; overgrown. — Bush/i-ness, R.

Bush (bush), v. A ring, or lining of metal, lot
into an orifice, — v. t. To line (a pivot hole,
etc.) with a bush.

Bush'el (bush'51), n. A dry measure, of 4 pecks.

Bus'i-ly, Busl'ness. Bee under Bust, a.

Busk (l>fisk), n. A strip of steel or whalebone to
stiffen corsets.

Busk (husk), r. (. S: i. To prepare ; to array.

Bus'kin (buVkTn), n A half boot, formerly

worn by hunters and tragic actors. — BUS'klned
(-kind), a. Wearing buskins j t r;i^i<-.

BUSS (bus), ?;. A kiss ; a smack. — v. t. To kiss.

Buss (bus), »• A small two-masted Toaael, med
in the herring fishery.

Bust (bust), n. A statue of the head, shoulders
and breast ; the trunk of the body.

Bus'tard (bus'terd), n. A bird of the Ostrich

family.
Bus'tle (bus's'l), v. i. [Bustled (-sl'd) ; Bus-
tling (-sling).] To stir quickly ; to be rudely
active. — n. Great stir ; commotion ; fuss.

Bus'tle (bus's'l), n. A cushion worn by women,

to expand the skirts behind ; a tournure.
Bus'y (biz'zy), a. Engaged in business ; occupied
with serious affairs ; diligent ; active ; foolishly
active ; officious ; meddling ; fussy. — v. t.
[Busied (biz'zid) ; Busying.] To employ ; to
occupy. — Bus'i-ly (-zT-ly), adv. — Busi'ness
(biz'nes), n. Employment ; occupation ; con-
cern ; mercantile transactions ; traffic. — Busi'-
ness— like7 (-lhV), a. Serious; sagacious; judi-
cious. — Bus'y-DOd'y (-bod'y), n. One who
officiously concerns himself with others' affairs.

But (but), prep., adv., & conj. Except ; besides ;
unless ; save ; only ; solely ; merely ; yet ; fur-
ther ; still ; nevertheless.

But, n. See Butt.

Butch'er (buch'er), n. One who slaughters ani-
mals for the market ; one who kills wantonly ;
one given to slaughter. — v. t. [Butchered
(-erd) ; Butchering.] To kill or slaughter (ani-
mals for food or for market) ; to murder. —
Butch' er-ly (-er-ly), a. Grossly cruel and
barbarous ; murderous. — Butch'er-y (-er-y), n.
Business of a butcher ; carnage ; massacre.

But end, Butt end. See under Butt, n.

But'ler, n. A servant in charge of liquors, etc.

Butt, But (but), n. A limit ; a bound ; a goal ;
an end ; the larger end of a thing ; a mark to
be shot at ; aim ; ono at whom ridicule or con-
tempt is directed ; a thrust given in fencing or
by the head of an animal ; a square joint in car-
pentry ; a hinge ; land left unplowed at the end
of a field. — v t. To strike with the head. —
v. i. To join at the end ; to terminate ; to strike
with the head. - Butt end, But end. The
larger or thicker end.

Butt (but), n. A large cask or vessel, containing
two hogsheads ; a pipe.

llButte (but or boot), n. An isolated peak or
abrupt elevation of laud.

But'ter (buffer), n. An oily, unctuous substance
obtained from cream by churning. — v. t. [But-
tered (-terd) ; Buttering.] To cover or spread
With butter. — But'ter-y (-ter-y), a. Having the
qualities or appearance of butter. — n. A place
for keeping milk, butter, etc. ; a pantry.

But'ter-cup' (but'ter-kiip'), n. A plant having
bright yellow flowers ; crowfoot ; kingcup.

But'ter-fly7 (but'ter-fli'), n. A lepidopteroos in-
sect, one species being of a bright yellow color.

But'ter-ine (but'ter-Tnj, n. An imitation of but-
ter, made from animal fat.

Buffer-milk' (bfit'ter-mTlk'), n. Milk remaining
after the butter is separated from it.

Bufter-nut (buftSr-nof), v. An American tree
of the Walnut family, and its edible oily fruit ;
the nut of a tree of South America; — called
also Soiuiri nrd.

Buf ter-y, n. & v. See under Bitter, v.

But'tock (l)uftuk), u. The rump, or protuberant
part of the body behind ; the convexity of a
ship behind, under the stern.

Buf ton (but't'n), n. A small bal'. ; knob ; a oatch,
to fasten together parts of a dress, to secure a

S, e, I, u, u, long , a, u, i, 5, U, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, ftbey, finite, c&rc, arm, ask, all, final,

BUTTONHOLE

55

CACHOU

door, etc. ; a bud or germ of a plant. — v.t.&\
i. [Buttoned (-t'nd) ; Buttoning.] To fasten
with ;i button.

But'ton-hole7 (but't'n-hol'), »• The hole in which
a button is caught. — r. t. To hold by the but-
ton ; to detain in conversation ; to bore.

But'ton-WOOd' (but't'n-wood'), n. The American
plane tree, producing rough balls.

Buf tress (but'tres), n. A projecting support to [
the exterior of a wall ; support.

— v. t. To support by a but-
tress ; to prop.

Bu ty-ra'ceous (bu ' tif-ra'shfis),

Bu ' ty-rous (bu ' tl - rus), a.

Having the qualities of, or

like, butter. — Bu-tyr'ic (bu-

tTr'Tk), a. Pertaining to, or

derived from, butter.
Bux'om (buks'iim), a. Healthful

and vigorous ; comely ; jolly ;

frolicsome. — Bux'om-ly, adv.

— Bux'om-ness, ».
Buy (bi), r. t. [Bought (bawt);

Buying (bi'Tng).] To purchase ;
to acquire by paying a price for.

— ?•. i. To negotiate or treat
about a purchase. — Buy ' er
(bi'er), n.

Buzz (buz), v. i. [Buzzed (buzd);
Buzzing.] To make a low,
continuous humming sound, as bees ; to speak
with a low, humming voice, —v. t. To make
known by buzzing ; to spread (a report) by whis-
pers ; to talk persistently or confidentially. — ».
A continuous, humming noise ; a whisper ; a
report spread secretly or cautiously. — BUZZ
saw. A circular saw, which makes a buzzing
sound when revolving rapidly.

A bird of prey, of the

Buzzard.

Buttres

Buz'zard (biiz'zerd), n
hawk kind.

By (bi), prep. Near ; close
to ; next to ; beside ; from
one to the other side of ;
past ; with ; through means
of; in presence of.— adv.
Near ; present ; past ; be-
yond. — a. Out of the
common path ; aside.

By (bi), Bye, n. A thing not
directly aimed at ; an ob-
ject by the way ; in cricket,
a run made upon a missed
ball.

By'-end' (bi'end'), n. Pri-
vate end or interest ; secret
purpose.

By'gone' (-gon'), a. Past ; gone by. — n. Some-
thing gone by or past ; a past event.

By'-law (bi'la), n. A local or subordinate law ;
a private law or regulation.

By'path' (bi'path'), n. A private path ; an ob-
scure way ; indirect means.

By'play' (bi'pla7), n. A scene carried on aside,
and usually in dumb show, while the main action
proceeds.

By'-prod'UCt (bi ' pr5d ' Qkt), n. A secondary or
additional product ; something produced, as in
a manufacturing process, in addition to the prin-
cipal product.

By'road' (bi'rod'), n. A private or obscure road.

By'stand'er (bi'stan'der), 11. A looker-on; a
spectator ; an observer.

By' word' (bi'wfird'), n. A common saying ; a
proverb ; the object of a contemptuous remark.

By-zan'tine (bf-zan'tTn), a. Of or pertaining to
Byzantium, now Constantinople.

C.

Cab (kSb), n. A kind of carriage ; a cabriolet.

Cab (kSb), n. A Hebrew dry measure of 2\ pints.

Cabal' (ka-bSl'), n. A number of persons united
to effect some private purpose ; a ring ; a junto ;
an intrigue. — v. i. [Caballed (-b51d') ; Cabal-
ling.] To plot ; to conspire. — Ca-baller, n.

Cab'a-la (k5b'a-la), n. Jewish secret tradition ;
mystic art ; mystery. — Cab'a-lism (-liz'm), n.
Secret science of the cabalists. — Cab'a-list
(-list), n. One skilled in Jewish tradition. —
Caba-lis'tic ( - Us ' tTk ), Cab'a-lis'tic-al (-«-
k«l), a. Pertaining to the cabala; mystic —
Cab'a-lis'tic-al-ly, adv.

HCa-bas' (ka-b'a'), 72. A reticule ; a hand bag.

Cab'bage (kSt/bfij), n. A garden plant, having
an eatable head.

Cab'bage (kab'baj), v. t. To purloin. — n. Cloth
retained by tailors when cutting out garments.

Cab'in (kSb'Tn), n. A small room ; cottage ; hut ;
apartment in a ship. —v. i. To live in a cabin ;
to lodge, — v. t. To confine in a cabin. — Cabin
boy. A boy who waits on persons in a ship.

Cab'in-et (kSb'T-ngt), n. A closet ; a private room
in which consultations are held ; the council of a
prince or government; a chest or box, with draw-
ers and doors ; a collection of works of art. — n.
Suited for a cabinet ; small. — Cab'in-et-mak er

(-ma'ker), n. One who makes household fur-
niture.

Ca'ble (ka'b'l), n. A large, strong rope or chain,
to retain a vessel at anchor, etc. ; a metallic rope
containing a telegraphic wire. — v. t. To fasten
with a cable ; to transmit (a telegraphic mes-
sage) through a cable. — Ca'ble-gram/ (-gram'),
n. A telegraphic message sent by a cable.

Ca-bOOSe' (ka-bobs'), n. The cook room of a
ship ; a galley ; a tool car on a railroad.

Cab'ri-O-let' (kSV/rT-o-la'), n. A one-horse car-
riage with two seats and a calash top.

Ca-ca'O (ka-ka'o or ka'ko), n. The chocolate tree.

Cach'a-lot (k5sh'a-lot), n. The sperm whale.

I! Cache (kash), n. A hiding place for provisions.
I — v. t. To hide goods,
i Ca-chec'tic (ka-kek'tTk), Ca-chec'tic-al (-tl-kal),
i a. Having a bad state of body.

liCach'et (kfah'a), n. A seal (of a letter). — Let-
tre de cachet (letr' de). A sealed letter, for-
merly used as an order to imprison offenders.

Ca-Chex'y (ka-keks'y), n. Depraved condition
of the system.

Cach'in-na'tion (kaVTn-na'shun), n. Loud or
immoderate laughter.

Ca chou' (ka'shob'), n. A pill for perfuming the
breath.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, fo"ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CACKLE

56

CALIPER COMPASSES

Cactus.

Cac'kle (kakTs'l), v. i. To make a noise like a
hen ; to laugh with a broken noise ; to giggle ; to
prattle. — n. The broken noise of a hen; idle
talk ; prattle. — Cac'kler, n. — Cac'kling, n.

Ca-COph'O-ny (ka-koi'6-ny), n. A disagreeable
sound of words ; a bad voice ; a combination of
discordant sounds. — Ca-coph/O-nous (-6-nus),
a. Harsh sounding.

Cactus (kak'tus), n. A genus of prickly tropical
plants.

Cad (kad), n. A doorkeeper of
an English omnibus ; a vul-
gar fellow. — Cad'dish, a.
Lowbred and presuming.

Ca-dav'er-OUS (ka-daVer-us),
a. Like a corpse ; pale;
ghastly.

Cad'dy (kad'dy), n. ; pi. Cad-
dies (-dlz). A small box for
tea.

Ca'dence (ka'dens), n. A fall
of the voice in reading;
modulation of sound.

Ca-det' (ka-def), n. A younger

son ; a volunteer in the army ; a military pupil.

llCa'di (ka'dT), n. A Turkish judge.

Cad'mi-um (k5d'mi-um), n. A metal related to
zinc.

llCa-dU'ce-US (ka-du'se-Qs), n. Mercury's rod ;
a winged wand entwined by serpents.

Cae'sar (se'zer), n. A Roman Emperor ;
the Kaiser, or Emperor of Germany.

— Caesar-ism (-Tz'm), n. Imperialism ;
government with unrestricted power
by a single person chosen by popular
v. ill ; advocacy of such government.

CaB-SU'ra (se-zii'ra or -su'ra), n. A pause
or division in a verse. — Cas-SU'ral, a.
Pertaining to the caesura.

llCa'fe' (ka'fa'), n. [F.] A coffee-
house ; a restaurant.

Caftan (kaftan or k5f-tan'), n. A Caduceus.
Persian or Turkish gown.

Cag (kag), n. A small cask or barrel ', a keg.

Cage (kaj), n. An inelosure for birds or beasts.

— v. t. [Caged (kajd) ; Caging.] To shut up
in a cage ; to confine.

CaPman, n. See Cayman.

Ca-ique' (ka-ek'), n. A Turkish skiff or light boat.

Cairn (ktrn), n. A pile of stones.

Cais'son (kas'sSn), n. A chest for ammunition ;

a frame for laying foundations of a bridge.
Cai'tirf (ka'tif ), n. A mean person ; a knave. —

a. Base ; vile.
Ca-jole' (ka-jol')> v. t. To deceive by flattery ;

to wheedle ; to coax ; to entrap. — Ca-JoPer, n.

— Ca-Jol'er-y (-er-^), n. Flattery ; deceit.
Cake (kak), n. Baked dough ; sweetened bread ;

a flattened mass. — v. I. & i. To form into a
mass ; to harden.

Cal'a-bash (kaVa-bfah), n. A large gourd.

Cala-boose' (k&Pa-bobs'), n. A prison ; a jail.

Cal'a-man'CO (kaPa-man'ko), n. A woolen stuff,
ribbed or plain.

Cal'a-mine (kSl'a-min or -nun), n. A mineral, an
ere of zinc.

Ca-lam'i-ty (ka-la'm'i-tj'-), n. Any great misfor-
tune or cause of misery; disaster; mishap. —
Ca-lam'i-tous (-tfis), a. Distressing ; grievous ;
disasl rons. — Ca - lam ' i - tous - ly, "</'•■ — Ca-
lam'i-tous-ness. ».

Cal'a-mns (kaPa-mus), n. ; pi. Calami (-mi). A
reed ; Indian cane ; sweet flag.

Ca-lasn' (ka-lash'), n. A light carriage with mov-
able top ; a woman's hood.

Cal-ca're-ous (kal-ka're-iis), a. Of the nature of
lime.

Cal'ce-a'ted (kal'se-a'ted), a. Wearing shoes.

Cal'ci-mine (kaPsi-mln), n. White or colored
wash for plastered walls. — r. t. To wash or
cover with calcimine.

Cal'ci-nate (k5l'sT-nat), or Cal-cine' (kal-sin' or
kaPsin), v. t. To reduce to powder by heat ; to
oxidize, —v. i. To be converted into a powder
or friable substance. — Cal-cin'er (-sin'er), n.

— Cal'Ci-na'tion (kal ' si - na ' shun), n. The
operation of calcining. — Cal'cite (kaPsit), n.
Carbonate of lime. — CaPci-um (-sl-um), n.
The metallic basis of lime.

Cal'CU-late (kSl'ku-lat), v. t. To ascertain by
mathematical processes ; to compute ; to reckon ;
to count ; to estimate. — v. i. To make a com-
putation. — Cal'CU-la-ole (-la-b'l), a. Capable
of being calculated. — CaPcu-la'tlon (-la'shun),
n. Computation ; reckoning. — CaPcu-la'tiV©
(kal'ku-la'tiv), a. Pertaining to calculation. —
Cal'CU-la'tor (-ter), n. One who reckons.

CaPcu-lUS (k51'ku-lus), n. ; pi. Calculi (-li).
Stone in the bladder ; a method of computation.

— CaPcu-lOUS (-liis), a. Like stone ; gritty ;
affected with the gravel or stone.

Cal'dron (kaPdrun), n. A large kettle or boiler.

Cal'e-fy (kal'e-fi), V. i. To grow hot or warm. —
v. t. To make hot. — CaPe-fa'cient (-fa'shent),
a. Making warm ; heating. — Cal/e-fac'tion
(-fak'shun), n. The act of warming or state
of being heated. — CaPe-fac'tive (-tTv), CaPe-
fac'to-ry (-to-rj?), a. Making warm or hot.

CaPen-dar (kal'en-der), n. An almanac ; a reg-
ister. — v. t. [Calendared (-derd) ; Calendar-
ing.] To enter or write in a calendar.

CaPen-der (kal'en-der), n. A hot press, used to
make cloths, paper, etc., smooth, even, and
glossy ; one who pursues the business of calen-
dering.—v. I. [Calendered (-derd) ; Calen-
dering.] To smooth (cloth, paper, etc.), by
pressure between rollers.

CaPends (kSl'endz), n. pi. The first day of each
Roman month.

CaPen-ture (kSl'Sn-tur), n. Delirium caused by
the heat of the tropical sun at sea.

Calf (k'af), n. ; pi. Calves (k'avz). The young of
the cow ; a stvipid person ; the fleshy part of the
leg below the knee ; fine leather made from a
calf's skin.

GaPi-ber (kSll-ber), CaPi-bre, n. Weight of a
bullet ; bore of a gun ; mental capacity.

CaPi-co (k51'i-ko), n. ; pi. Calicoes (-kSz). A
stuff woven of cotton.

CaPi-dUCt (kaPT-diikt), n. A pipe to convey heat.

Ca'lif, n. See Caliph.

Ca-lig'i-nous (kadlj'I-nus), a. Af-
fected with dimness ; dark.

Ca-lig'ra-phy. v. See Calligraphy.

Cali-pash' (kaPT-pasb/), n. That
part of a turtle belonging to the
upner Bhell.

Cali-pee' (kal'T-pe'), n. That part
of a turtle belonging to the lower
shell.

CaPI-pers (Mai-pSri), ». pi., Cali-
per compasses. Compassea with curved legs,

Calipers.

», ©, I, o, u, long j a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey, ftuite, cAre, arm, dsk, (ill, final,

CALIPH

57

CAMISADO

for measuring the caliber or diameter of round
bodies.

Ca'liph (ka'lif), n. Successor or vicar : — a title
of the successors of Mohammed. — Cal'i-phate,
Call-fate (kal'f-fat), n. Office or government
of a caliph.

CaHs-then/iCS (kal'Ts-then'Tks), n.sing. Health-
ful and graceful bodily exercise ; light gymnas-
tics for women and children.

Ca'lix (ka'liks), n. A cup. See Calyx.

Calk (kak), v. t. [Calked (kakt) ; Calking.]
To stop the seams of (a ship), to prevent leak-
ing ; to sharpen the shoes of (a horse or ox), to
prevent slipping ; to wound (one foot) with a
calk (on another foot). — n. A sharp-pointed
iron on a shoe for beast or man, to prevent slip-
ping. — Calk'er, n.— Calking iron. A chisel-
shaped instrument for calking ships.

Call (kal), v. t. [Called (kald) ; Calling.] To
name ; to invite ; to summon ; to designate. —
v. i. To cry out ; to make a brief visit. — n.
An address ; claim ; demand ; summons ; short
visit. — Call'er, n. — Call'ing, n. Summons;
occupation ; vocation ; business.

Cal-lig'ra-phy (kal-lTg'ra-fy), n. Beautiful pen-
manship. — Cal-lig'ra-phist (-fist), n. An ele-
gant penman. — Cal Li-graph'iC (kal'li-grgf'Tk),
CaHi-graph'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Of or pertaining
to calligraphy.

Cal-li/0-pe (kSl-li'o-pe), n. The muse of elo-
quence and heroic poetry ; an organ whose tones
are produced by steam instead of wind.

Cal li-pash', Cal'li-pee', n. See Calipash, Cali-
pee.

Cal'li-pers, n. pi. See Calipers.

Cal lis-then'ics, n. See Calisthenics.

Cal'lous (kal'lus), a. Hardened ; indurated ; un-
feeling. — Cal'lous-ly. adv. — Cal'lous-ness, n.
— Cal-los'i-ty (-los'T-ty), n. A horny hardness
of skin.

Cal'low (kSl'16), a. Destitute of feathers; un-
fledged ; immature.

Calm (kam), a. Still ; quiet ; undisturbed ; peace-
ful ; tranquil ; placid. — n. Serenity ; quiet. —
v. t. [Calmed (kamd) ; Calming.] To still ;
to soothe; to compose. — Calm'ly, adv. —
Calm'ness. n.

Cal'o-mel (k51'o-mgl), n. A mild chloride of
mercury, used as medicine.

Ca-lor'ic (ka-lorfk), n. Principle or matter of
heat. — Calo-rif'ic (kaPo-rlf'Ik), a. Produ-
cing heat; heating. — Cal'O-rim'e-ter (-rirn'e-
ter), n. An apparatus for measuring the amount
of heat contained in bodies. — Ca-lor'i-mo'tor
(ka-lor'T-mo'ter), n. A kind of galvanic bat-
tery, producing powerful effects.

Cal'0-type (k51'6-tip), n. A photograph on pre-
pered paper.

Cal'trop (kSPtr5p), Cal'trap (-tr5p), n. A plant,
having a prickly fruit ; an instrument with four
iron points so arranged that one must project
upwards, so as to endanger advancing cavalry.

Cal'U-met (k51'u-mgt), n. An Indian pipe of
peace.

Cal'um-ny (kal'um-ny), n. False and malicious
accusation ; slander ; libel ; abuse. — Ca-lum'-
ni-ate (ka-15m'nT-at), v. I. To accuse falsely ;
to asperse ; to defame ; to vilify ; to traduce ; to
libel. — Ca-lunVni-a'tion (-nl-5'shttn), n. False
accusation ; slander. — Ca-lum ' ni-a'tor (ka-
lum'nT-a'ter), n. A slanderer. — Ca-lnm'ni-OUS

[ (-ni-us), Ca-lum'ni-a-to-ry (-a-to-r^), a. Slan-
| derous ; defamatory. — Ca-lnm'ni-ons-ly, adv.
Calve (kav), v. i. To bring forth a calf.
Cal'vin-ism (kal'vTn-Tz'm), n. The doctrines of
Calvin. — Cal'vin-ist, n. One who adheres to
Calvinism. — CaPvin-is'tic ( -Ts'ttk), CaFvin-
is'tiC-al (-tT-kol), a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to
his opinions in theology.
Calx (kalks), n. ; pi. E. Calxes (-gz), L. Cal-
ces (kal'sez). The earthy residuum of a calcined
mineral.
I Ca'lyx (ka'liks), n. ; pi. E. Calyxes (-ez) ; L.
| Calyces (kaPi-sez). The outer
| covering of a flower. — Cal'y-Cle
(kal'T-k'l), n. A row of small
leaflets, at the base of the calyx ;
outer covering or crown of a seed.
Cam (kam), n. A projecting part of
a wheel or moving piece, designed
to give variable motion to another
I piece pressing against it.

Cam/ber (kam'ber), ?i. A convexity
| on the top of a beam, or of an aper-
ture. — v. t. & i. To curve upward.
Cambist (kam'bist), n. A banker ;
j one skilled in exchange.
Cam'bric (kam'brik), n. A fine white fabric of

linen or cotton.
Came. imp. of Come.

Cam'el ( kam'el ), n. A large rumiuaut quad-
ruped of Asia and Africa ; a contrivance for
lifting ships over shoals.

cc Calyx.

Camel.

UCa-melTi-a (ka-mglHT-a or ka-mel'y4), n. A

genus of ornamental plants.
Ca-mel'o-pard (ka-mgP- or kam'el-o-pard), n.

The giraffe : an African ruminant quadruped,

remarkable for its long neck.
Cam'e-0 (kSm'e-o), n. ; pi. Cameos (-oz). A stone

or shell carved in relief.
Cam'e-ra (k5m'e-ra), n. A vaulted roof or ceiling ;

the camera obscura used by

photographers. — Camera-

ObSCUia ( 5b - sku ' i a ). An

apparatus in which images

of external objects are

thrown u p o n a surface

within a darkened box.
Cam'i-sade7 (kam'T-sad'),

Cam'i-sa'do (-saMo), n.

An attack by surprise at

night.

Camera.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CAMLET

58

CANONIZATION

Camlet (kam'let), n. A stuff of hair and silk,
or wool and thread.

Cam'o-mile (kSm'6-mil), Cham'o-raile, n. A bit-
ter plant, used in medicine.

Camp (kamp), n. Ground on which tents, etc.,
are erected for shelter ; a body of persons en-
camped in the same spot. — ?;, t. [Camped
(kSmpt); Camping.] To afford rest or lodging
for (an army, or travelers). — v. i. To rest or
lodge ; to encamp.

Cam-paign/ (kaui-pan'), n. The time that an
army keeps the field ; a political canvass. — v. i.
To serve in a campaign. — Cam-paign'er, n.
One who has served in campaigns ; a veteran.

Cam-pan'i-form (kam-pan'i-fiorin), a. In the
shape of a bell.

HCam'pa-ni'le (kam'pa-ne'la), n. A bell tower.
— Cam'pa-HOl'0-gy (-nol'6-jy), n. The art of
ringing bells. — Cam-pan'U-late (-pan'u-lat), a.
Bell-shaped.

Cam-pes'tral (kam-pes'tral), Cam-pes'tri-an
(-trT-an), a. Pertaining to, or growing in, a
field.

Cam'phene (kam'fen or kam-fen'), n. Oil of
turpentine. [Sometimes written camphine.']

Cam'phire (kam'fir),». Old spelling of camphor.

Cam'phor (kSm'fer), n. The solidified sap of an
East Indian tree. — Cam'phor-ate (-at), v. t.
To impregnate with camphor. — Cam-phor'iC
(-f Sr'Tk), a. Pertaining to camphor.

Cam'pi-OIl (kam'pl-un), n. A plant bearing poi-
sonous berries.

Can (kan), n. A cup ; a metal case or vessel. —
v. t. To preserve (fruit, etc.) in airtight cans.

Can (kan), v. i. [imp. Could (kdod).] To be
able ; to have power.

llCa-naille' (ka-n£l'), n. [F.] The lowest class
of people ; the rabble.

Ca-naP (ka-nSP), n. An artificial watercourse ; a
duct for passage of liquids or solids.

llCa-nard' (ka-nard' or ka-nar'), n. [F.] An ex-
travagant fabrication ; a hoax.

Ca-na'ry (ka-na'ry ), n. Wine made in the Canary
Isles ; a singing bird of the Finch family. —
a. Of a pale yellow color.

Can'cel (kau'sel), v. t. [Canceled or Cancelled
(-sSld) ; Canceling or Cancelling.] To blot
out ; to annul, or destroy. — Can ' eel - la ' ted
(kan'sSl-la'tSd), a. Marked with cross lines. —
Can'cel-la'tion (-la'shiin), n. A canceling.

Can'cer (kah'ser), n. The Crab, a sign in the
zodiac ; a tumor, often becoming an ulcer, and
rarely cured. — Can'cer-ate (-at), v. i. To grew
into a cancer. — Can'cer-OUS (-iis), a. Like, con-
sisting of, or affected with, cancer. — Can'cri-
form (k5n'krT-f6rm), a. Crablike ; cancerous.

Can'de-la'brum (kan 'de- la' brum), n. ; pi. L.
Candelabra (-bra), E. Candelabrums (-bruinz).
A branched candlestick ; a chandelier.

Can'dent (kah'dfnt), a. Glowing with heat.

Can'dld (kan'dTd), a. Fair; ingenuous; just;
frank; unreserved; equitable. — Can'dld- ly,
adv. — Can'dld-ness. n.

Can'dl-date (kSn'dT-dSt), n. One who seeks, or
is selected for, office. — Can'di-da-cy (-da-sy),
Can'di-date-ship, Can'di-da-ture (-dt-tftr), n.
I'n it ion of a candidate.

Can'dle (kah'd'l), n. A cylinder of combustible
substance] Inclosing a wick, i<> furnish light. —
Can'dle-light' (-Hf), n. The light of n candle.
— Can'dle-mas (-mas), n. The festival (Feb. 2)

of the purification of the Virgin Mary. — Can'-
dle-stick' (-stTk'), ». A utensil to hold a candle.

Can'dor (kSn'der), n. Fairness ; sincerity.

Can'dy (kan'dy), v. t. To conserve in sugar ; to
lorin into crystals, as sugar. — v. i. To change
into sugar, or be formed into crystals. — n. A
preparation or confection of sugar

Cane (kan), n. A reed ; a walking-stick ; a staff.

— v. I. [Caned (kand) ; Caning.] To beat with
a cane ; to furnish with cane or rattan. — Cane'-
brake' (kan'brak'), n. A thicket of canes.

Ca-nine' (ka-nin'), a. Pertaining to, or having
the properties of, a dog.

Can'is-ter (kan'Ts-ter). A box or case for tea,
coffee, etc., also for shot fired from a cannon.

Can'ker (kan'ker), n. An ulcer in the mouth ; a
disease of animals and plants ; anything which
corrupts or destroys, —v. t. [Cankered (-kerd) ;
Cankering.] To eat ; to corrode ; to pollute. —
V. i. To become corrupt or malignant ; to waste
away. — Can'ker ed, a. Corroded; malignant.

— Can'ker-ous (-us), a. Corroding. — Can'ker-
WOrm' (-wfirm'), v. A worm which destroys
fruit and trees.

Can'nel COaP (kan'nel kol'). A hard black coal.
It burns with a clear flame.

Can'ni-bal (kan'm-bol), n. One who eats human
flesh. — Can'ni-bal-ism (-Tz'm), n. The eating
of human flesh by man ; cruelty; barbarity.

Can'non (kan'niin), n. A great gun ; a firearm for

Cannon.

discharging heavy shot. — Can'non-ade' (-ad'),
n. An attack with cannon. —/■.<.& i. To attack
with cannon. — Cannon hall. Shot thrown by
a cannon. — Cannon shot Cannon balls ; the
distance a cannon will throw balls. — Can'non-
eer' (-er'), Can'non-ier', n. One who manages
cannon. — Can'non-ry (-ry). v. Artillery.

Can'not (kan'not). [Can -j- no/.] Am, is, or are,
unable.

Can'ny (kSn'ny), Can'nie. a. Cunning; shrewd;
cautious. — Can'ni-ly, adv.

Canoe' (ka-noo'), n. A boat formed of the trunk

Canoe.

of a tree, or of bark or skins, —v. i. [Canoed
(-nood') ; Canoeing (-nob'Ing).] To manage a
canoe ; to ride in a canoe.
Can'on (kan'iin). n. A law or rule; the. genuine
books of the Scriptures ; a church dignitary —
Can'on-ess (-5s), v. A woman who enjoys a
prebend. — Ca-non'ic (ka-n&nTk), Ca-noh'ic-
al (-T-kffl), a. Pertaining to a canon ; accord-
ing to the rule. — Ca-non'ic-al-ly, oaV— Oft-
non'ic-als (-Y-kalz), n. ;>/. Full official dress
<'t the clergy. — Can'on ist, v. A professor of
canon law. — Can'on-i-za'tion (-T-xa'ahun), n.
The. placing the name of a deceased person in
Che catalogue of saints; statoof being sainted.

u, o, i, «>, ii , long ; a C, 1, 6, u, y, short ; Beuate, 6vent, idea, obey, dnite, c4re, arm, iUk, all, final,

CANONIZE

59

CAPITALLY

— Can'on-ize (kau'un-Iz). v. t. To place upon |
the catalogue of saints. — Can'on-ry (-ry), Can'-
On-ship, n. A benefice in a cathedral or col-
legiate church, having a prebend annexed to it.

Can'O-py (kan'6-py), n. A covering over the
head.— v. t. [Canopied (-pid) ; Canopying.]
To cover with a canopy.

Cant (k£nt), v. t. To incline or place upon the |
edge ; to give a sudden turn or impulse to ; to
cut off an angle from. — n. An angle ; an incli-
nation trom a horizontal line ; a sudden thrust.

Cant (kant), n. An affected, singsong mode of
speaking ; a phrase hackneyed, corrupt, or pe- |
culiar to some profession ; religious phraseology ;
hypocrisy; slang of gypsies, thieves, and beggars.

— a. Artected, inelegant, or vulgar ; — applied
to language, —v. t. To speak in a whining voice,
or with pretension of goodness. — Cant'er, n.

Can't (kant). Colloquial contraction for can not.
Can'ta-leup (kan'ta-ioop), Can'ta-loupe, n. A

sin ill variety of muskmelon.

Can'ta-lev^r'Ckan'ta-iev/er), Gan'ti-lev'er, ». A
bracket for supporting a balcony, the eaves of a
house, etc.

Can-ta'ta (kan-ta'ta), n. A poem set to music.

Can-teen' (kau-ten'), n. A vessel for liquor ; a
barrack tavern. [Written also cantine.~\

Can'ter (kau'ter), v. i. [Cantered (- terd) ; Can-
teeing.] To move in a moderate gallop. — v. t.
To ride upon a canter. — n. A moderate gallop.

Can'tha-ris (kan'tha-ris), n. ; pi. Cantharides
(kau-thar'T-dez). A beetle used for blistering ;
a Spanish fly.

Can'ti-Cle (kaii'tT-k'l), ».; pi. Canticles (-k'lz).
A little song ; pi. the Song of Solomon, a book
of the Old Testament.

Can'to (kau'to), n. , pi. Cantos (-toz). A section
of a long poem.

Can'ton (kan'tiin), n. A political division of a
country. — v. t. [Cantoned (-tund) ; Canton-
ing.] To divide (territory) into districts ; to
allot quarters to (troops). — Can'ton-ize (-iz),
v. t. To divide into cantons. — Can'ton-ment
(-ment), n. A district occupied by troops.

Can'ton crape' (kin'tun krap'). A soft, thin,
silk fabric, for ladies' scarfs, shawls, etc. —
Canton flannel. Cotton flannel.

Can-toon' (kan-toon'), ?i. A kind of fustian.

Can'vas (kan'vas), n. Coarse cloth for tents,
sails, painting, etc. — Can'vas-back' (-bak')> n.
A sea-duck, so named from the marking of its
plumage.

Can'vass (kan'vas), v. t. [Canvassed (-vast);
Canvassing.] To sift ; to examine thoroughly ;
to discuss ; to debate ; to go through in the way
of solicitation, -—v. i. To solicit votes, interest,
subscriptions, etc. — n. Close inspection; dis-
cussion ; solicitation. — Can'vass-er, n.

Can'y (ka'ny), a. Consisting of, or abounding
with, canes.

Can'ZO-net' (kaVzo-ngf), n. A short song, in
parts.

Caout'chouc (kob'chook), n. India rubber ; gum
elastic.

Cap (k5p), n. A covering for the head ; top. —
v.t. [Capped (kapt) ; Capping.] To cover the
head or top of ; to complete.

Ca'pa-ble (ka'pa-b'l), a. Possessing ability, ca-
pacity, or intellectual power : ahle ; qualified ;
efficient; skillful. — Ca pa-bil'i-ty (-bil'T-ty),
Ca'pa-ble-ness, n.

Ca-pa'clous (ka-pa'shus), a. Having capacity ;
large; roomy ; spacious ; comprehensive. — Ca-
pa'cious-ly, adv. — Ca-pa'cious-ness, n.

Ca-paCi-ty (ka-pas'T-ty), n. Power of receiving
or containing ; extent of room or space ; ability;
capability ; skill. — Ca-pac'i-tate (-tat), v. t. To
make capable ; to fit.

l!Cap/-a-pie/(kap/a-pe'), adv. [OF.] From head
to foot.

Ca-par'i-SOn (ka-par'T-sun), n. Trappings for a
horse. — v. t. To dress pompously ; to adorn.

Cape (kap), n. A neck of land extending into
the sea ; a headland ; a neckpiece of a garment.

Ca'per (ka'per), v. i. [Capered (-perd) ; Caper-
ing.] To leap sportively ; to skip ; to dance. —
n. A frolicsome leap, spring, or jump ; a prank.

Ca'per (ka'per), n. The flower bud of the caper
bush, used for pickling.— Caper bush or tree.
A genus of shrubs, some of which bear berries,
and others pods. — Ca'per-ber'ry (-ber'ry), n.
The fruit of the caper, used as a condiment.

ilCa'pi-as (ka'pT-as), n. A writ commanding the
officer to arrest the person named in it.

Cap'il-la-ry (kap'il-la-ry or ka-pTl'la-ry), a. Re-
sembling a hair ; long and very slender ; per-
taining to capillary tubes or vessels, —n. A
fine vessel or canal, esp. one connecting the ar-
teries and veins. — Cap'il-la'ceons (kSr/Tl-la'-
shiis), a. Hairlike; hairy. — Ca-pil'la-ment
(ka-pil'la-ment), n. A filament ; a fine hairlike
thread or fiber.

Cap'i-tal (kSp'T-tcd), a. Pertaining to the head,
or to the forfeiture of the head (or life) ; first
in importance ; principal ; excellent. — n. Head

or upper part of a column ; a chief city or town ;
stock in trade ; a capital letter. — Cap'i-tal-ly,

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CAPITAL LETTER

60

CARE

adv. In a capital manner ; finely. — Capital
letter. A letter of different form and size irom
those in which the body of a page is printed ;

thus: -pica CAPITALS and

SMALL CAPITALS ; nonpareil CAPI-

TALS and SMALL CAPITALS ; diamond CAPITALS and

small capitals. -Capital Stock, the fund of a
trading company. — Cap'i-tal-ist, n. A man of
large property. — Cap'i-tal-ize (-iz), v. t. To
convert (money or stock) into capital ; to print in
capitals. — Cap'i-ta'tion (-ta'slmn), n. A num-
bering of persons ; tax upon each head ; poll tax.

Cap'i-tol (kap'i-tol), n. A temple in Rome ; a
government house.

Ca-pit'U-lar (ka-pTt'u-ler), a. Belonging to a
chapter. — n. Astatute ; a member of achapter.

Ca-pit'U-late (ka-pTt'u-lat), v. i. To surrender on
stipulated terms. — Ca-pit/U-la'tiOH (-la'shun),
n. A reducing to heads or articles ; act of sur-
rendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms ;
an instrument containing terms of agreement or
surrender. — Ca-pit'U-la'tor (-la'ter), n.

Ca-poch' (ka-pooch'), n. A monk's hood.

Ca'pon (ka'p'n or ka'pun), n. A cock gelded, to
improve his flesh for the table.

Ca-price/ (ka-preV), n. Sudden or unreasonable
change of mind ; fickleness; a freak ; a whim ; a
fancy. — Ca-pri'ci0US (-prTsh'us), a. Governed
by caprice ; whimsical ; unsteady ; captious. —
Ca-pri'cious-ly, adv. — Ca-pri/cious-ness, n.

Cap'ri-COrn (kap'rT-k&rn), n. The 10th sign of the
zodiac, into which the sun enters about Dec. 21.

Cap'si-cum (kap'sl-kum), n. A plant producing
red or Cayenne pepper.

Cap-Size' (kap-siz'), v. t. [Capsized (-sizd') ; Cap-
sizing.] To overturn.— n. An upset or over-
turn.

Cap'stan (kap'stan), n. A machine for weighing
anchors in ships, or raising a
great weight.

Cap'sule (k5p/sul), n. Seed ves-
sel of a plant ; cup ; shell. —
Cap'su-lar (-su-ler), Cap'su-
la-ry (-l£-r^), a. Pertaining to,
or hollow like, a capsule.

Cap'tain (kXp'tTn), n. A com-
mander of a 6hip, company,
etc. ; a warrior. — Cap'tain-cy
(-s^), n. Rank, post, or commission, of a cap-
tain ; leadership. — Cap'taln-ship, n. Condition,
post, or authority of a captain ; skill in war.

Cap'tion (kap'shun), n. A certificate affixed to a
legal instrument ; the heading of a chapter, etc.

Cap'tious (kap'shiis), a. Apt to find fault or to
cavil ; petulant ; fretful ; peevish ; perverse. —
Cap'tious-ly, adv. — Cap'tious-ness, n.

Cap'tive (kSp'tlv), n. A prisoner. —a. Made
prisoner ; confining. — Cap'ti-vate (-tT-vat), V. t.
To capture ; to overpower with excellence or
beauty ; to charm ; to fascinate. — Cap'tl-va'-
tion (-va'shun), n. Act of captivating. — Cap-
tiv'i-ty (-tlv'T-ty), 7i. [imprisonment ; bondage ;
subjection. — Cap'tOI (-ter), n. One who takes
a prisoner or prize. — Cap'ture (-tur), n. A
seizing j seizure; thing taken, — v. t. To seize.

Cap'u-Chin' CkSp'fI-ah&/), v. A monk of the
order of St. Francis ; a cloak and hood worn by
women ; a kind of pigeon with ■ tufted head

Capstan.

Car (kar), n. A cart , a railroad carriage ; a war
chariot.

Car'a-bine (kar'a-bin), n. See Carbine.

Car'a-COle (kar'a-kol), n. An oblique movement
of a horse ; a spiral staircase. — v. i. To move
in a caracole ; to wheel.

I^Ca-rate' (ka-raf), n. A glass water bottle.

Car/a-mel (kar'a-mel), n. Burnt sugar ; a kind
of candy or sweet paste.

Car'a-pace (kar'a-pas), Car'a-pax (-paks), n.
The upper shell of a turtle, crab, etc.

Car'at (kar'at), n. A weight of 4 grains, used in
weighing gems ; 1 - 24th part (said of the fine-
ness of gold).

Car'a-van (kar'a-van or kar'a-van'),?!. A company
of travelers, pilgrims, traders, or showmen ; a
wagon or train of wagons, for conveying beasts
or goods ; a van. — Car'a-van'sa-ry (-van'sa-ry),
n. An Oriental inn.

Car'a-vel (kar'a-vel), n. A light, round, old-
fashioned ship ; a French fishing boat.

Car/a-way (kar'a-wa), n. An aromatic plant and
its seed.

Car'bine (karnrin), n. A short gun, used by
mounted troops. — Car'bi-neer' (-bT-neV), n.
A soldier armed with a carbine.

Car-bol'ic (kar-bol'Tk), a. Pertaining to an acid
derived from coal tar and other sources, called
carbolic acid, phenic acid, and phenol, and used
as a disinfectant.

Car'bon (kar'bon), n. Pure charcoal. — Cai'bo-
na'ceous (k'ar'bo-na'shus), a. Pertaining to,
containing, or composed of, carbon. — Car'bort-
ate (k'ar'bon-at), n. A salt formed by union of
carbonic acid with a base. — Car-bon'lc (-b5n'-
Tk), a. Of or pertaining to carbon. — Car'-
bon-if'er-OUS (-b5n-Tf'er-us), a. Producing, or
containing, carbon or coal. — Car'bon-ize (-iz),
v. t. To convert into, impregnate, or combine
with, carbon.

Car'boy (kar'boi), n. A globular bottle protected
by basket work.

Car'bun-cle (k'ar'bQn-k'l), n. A gem, of deep
red color, with a mixture of scarlet ; a garnet ; a
malignant boil. — Car-bun'CU-lar (-bun'ku-ler),
a. Like a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed.

Car'cass (k'ar'kas), n. The dead body of an ani-
mal ; a corpse.

Card (kard), n. A piece of pasteboard, prepared
for various uses ; a written or published note ;
pi. a game played with pieces of pasteboard
bearing distinguishing marks. — Card ' board '
( - bord ' ), n. Stiff pasteboard. — Card'case'
(-kas'), n. A case for holding cards.

Card (kard), 7i. An instrument for combing wool
or flax, or cleaning the hair of animals. — v. I.
To comb with a card.

Car'da-mom (karMa-nium), n. A plant yielding
an aromatic seed used in medicine.

Car'di-ac (kar'dl-5k), Car-di'a-cal (kiir-di'a-kai),
a. Pertainingto, or exciting action In, the heart,
— Car'di-ac, n. A medicine to stimulate the
stomach, and animate the spirits ; a cordial.

Car'di-nal (kar'dl-iu/l), o. Principal; chief.—
?i. One of the ecclesiastical princes constitut tag
the pope's council ; a woman's short, hooded

cloak. — Car'di-nal-ate (-St). Car'di-nal ship
(-ship), ii. The office or dignity of I cardinal.

Car-dOOll' (kar-doon'), ii. A salad plant, resem-
bling the artichoke.

Care (kfir), n. Anxiety; solicitude; concern;

a, 5, 1, 5, u, long ; ft, c, i, 6, ik, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey, unite, care, arm, a*k, all, llnoL,

CAREFUL

61

CASE

trouble; oversight. — 1\ i. [Cared ( kSrd ) ;
Caring.] To be anxious; to be disposed; to
heed. — Care'f Ul (kar'ful), a. Anxious ; cau-
tious ; watchful ; saving. — Care'ful-ly, adv. —
Care'ful-ness, ». — Care ' less, a. Without
care ; heedless ; inattentive ; remiss. — Care'-
less-ly, adv. — Care 'less- ness, n. — Care'-
worn' (-worn'), a. Worn or wearied with care.

Ca-reen' (ka-ren'), v. t. & i. [Careened (-rend') ;
Careening.] To incline to one side, as a ship.

Ca-reer' (ka-rer'), n. A race; course; proce-
dure. — v. i. To move or run rapidly.

Ca-ress' (ka-res'), v. t. [Caressed (-rest') ; Ca-
ressing.] To treat with fondness or kindness ;
to fondle ; to court ; to natter. — n. An act of
endearment. — Ca-ress'ing-ly, adv.

Ca'ret (ka'rSt or kar'et), n. A mark [ A ] noting
omission in written matter.

Car'gO (kar'go), ». Freight of a ship.

Car'i-DOU (kar'T-boo), n. A quadruped of the
reindeer kind. [Written also carribou.']

Car/i-ca-ture (kar'T-ka-tur), n. A ridiculous
likeness. — v. t. To make a caricature of ; to
burlesque. — Car'1-ca-tu'rlst (-tu'rist), n. One
who makes caricatures.

||Ca'ri-es (ka'rT-ez), n. Ulceration of bone. —
Ca'ri-OUS (-us), a. Affected with caries.

Car/i-nate (kar'T-nat), Car'i-na/te<l (-na/tSd), a.
Shaped like a ship's keel.

Car'i-Ole (kar'i-ol), n. A small, open carriage.

Carl (karl), n. A robust, hardy man ; a rude,
rustic man ; a kind of hemp.

Car'man (kar'man), n. A man who drives a cart.

Car'mine (kar'min), n. A pigment, of red or
crimson color, prepared from cochineal.

Car'nage (kar'naj), n. Slaughter ; havoc.

Car'nal (kar'nerl), a. Fleshly ; sensual. — Car'-
nal-ly, adv. — Car'nal-ist, n. One given to
sensuality. — Car-nal'i-ty (-nal'T-ty), n. Sen-
suality; grossness.

Car-na'tion (kar-na'shun), n. Flesh color; a
flower, a species of clove pink. — a. Flesh-
colored ; pink.

Car-nel'ian (kar-nel'yan), n. A variety of chal-
cedony, of a deep red or reddish white color ;
cornelian.

Car'ne-ous (kar'ne-iis), a. Consisting of, or like,
flesh. — Car'ni-fy (-nT-fi), v. if To form flesh.

Car'ni-val (kar'nT-val), ». A festival celebrated
with merriment before Lent ; riotous revel.

Car-niv'o-rous (kar-niv'o-riis), a. Feeding on
flesh.

Car-nos'I-ty (kaY-iiSsT-ty), a. A fleshy excres-
cence ; a fungous growth.

Car'ol (kSr'ul), n. A song of joy or of devotion.
— v. t. [Caroled (-uld) or Carolled ; Car-
oling or Carolling.] To praise in song. — v. i.
To sing ; to warble.

Car'om (kaVum), n. A shot in billiards, in which
the ball struck by the cue touches two or more
other balls. — v. i. To make a carom.

Ca-rot'id (ka-r5t'Id), n. One of the two great
arteries in the neck. — Ca-rot'id, Ca-rot'id-al
(-T-dal), a. Pertaining to these arteries.

Ca-rouse' (ka-rouz'), v. i. To drink in a jovial
manner. — v. t. To drink freely or jovially. —
Ca-rouse', Ca-rous'al (-rouz'al), n. A drinking
match ; a jovial banquet.
Carp (karp), v. i. [Carped (karpt) ; Carping.]
To censure, cavil, or find fault. — Carp'ing, a.
& n. Fault-finding. — Carp'ing-ly, o'/r.

Carp (karp), n. A soft-finned, fresh-water fish.

Car'pel (kar'pel), n. A
simple pistil, or a part of
a compound pistil.

Car'pen-ter (kar'pen-ter),
n. A builder of houses
or ships. — Car'pen-try
(-try), n. Art of build- Carp,

ing ; woodwork.

Car'pet (kar'pet), n. Heavy fabric for covering
floors. — ^, t. [Carpeted; Carpeting.] To
cover with a carpet. — Car'pet-ing, n. Materi-
als for carpets ; carpets in general ; act of cover-
ing with a carpet. — Gar'pet-bag', n. A travt.
er's hand bag.

Car-pol'O-gy . (kar-pol'6-jy), n. That branch of
botany which treats of seeds and fruit.

Car'riage (kar'rij), n. Act of carrying; convey-
ance ; vehicle ; demeanor ; behavior ; conduct.

Car'ri-er (kar'rT-er), n. One who, or that which,
carries ; a kind of pigeon.

Car'ri-on (kar'ri-un), n. The dead and putrefy-
ing flesh of animals. — a. Relating to, or feed-
ing on, carrion.

Car'rom, n. & v. See Carom.

Car/ron-ader (kaVriin-ad'), n. A kind of short
cannon, formerly in use.

Car'rot (kar'rut), n. A garden vegetable, of a
reddish-yellow color. — Car'rot-y, a. Like a car-
rot in color or taste.

Car'ry (kar'ry), v. t. [Carried (-rid); Carry-
ing.] To convey ; to bear ; to urge ; to transfer
(from one column, page, book, etc., to another) ;
to effect ; to behave ; to demean. — v. i. To
convey or propel ; to bear.

Car'ry-all' (kSr'rT-al'), n. A light four-wheeled
vehicle.

Cart (kart), n. A two-wheeled carriage, for heavy
commodities, —v. t. To convey on a cart. —
Cart'age (-aj), n. Act of carrying in a cart;
price paid for carting. — Cart'er, n. A teamster.

II Carte/ blanche' (kart' blaNsh'). A blank paper,
signed by one person, to be filled up as another
pleases; unconditional terms; unlimited author-
ity.

Car-tel' (kar-tel' or kar'tgl), n. An agreement for
exchange of prisoners ; a challenge.

Car'ti-lage (kar'tT-laj), n. Gristle ; an elastic tis-
sue. — Car'ti-lag'i-nous (-lai'T-nfis), a. Gristly.

Car-tOg'ra-phy ( kar-tog'ra-fy ), n. The art of
forming charts or maps.

Car-toon' (kar-toon'), n. A design or drawing.

Car-touch' (kar-tobch'), n. An architectural tab-
let or scroll ; a case for balls or cartridges.

Car'tridge (kar'trij), n. A charge for a firearm,
inclosed in a case or shell.

Car'un-Cle (kaVfln-k'l), «. A small, fleshy ex-
crescence.

Carve (karv), v. t. & i. [Carved (karvd) ; Carv-
ing.] To cut (wood, stone, etc.) in a decorative
manner; to cut (meat, etc.) into slices; to ap-
portion to. — Carv'er, n. — Carv'ing, n. A cut-
ting wood, stone, etc. ; a device or figure carved.

llCar'y-at'i-des (kar'T-at'T-dez), n. pi. Figures of
women, serving to support entablatures.

Cas'ca-bel (kas'ka-bgl), n. A knob behind the
breech of a cannon.

Cas-cade' (kSs-kad'), n. A small waterfall.

Case (kas), n. A covering, box, or sheath ; a box
and its contents ; the quantity contained in a
box. — ?•. t. [Cased (kast) ; Casing.] To cover

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CASE KNIFE

CASUAL

with or put in a case. — Case knife. A knife
carried in a 6heath ; a large tome knife.
Case (kas), 7i. That which falls, comes, or hap-
pens ; event ; circumstance ; condition ; plight ;
state ; an instance of sickness or injury ; a pa-
tient under treatment ; matters of fact in a law-
suit ; variation in form of a substantive, indica-
ting its grammatical relation to other words.

Case/haxd/en (kaVhar'd'n), v. t. To harden (iron)
by converting the surface into steel.

Case'mate (kas'mat), n. A bomb-proof chamber
for cannon.

Case'ment (kas'ment), n. A glazed and hinged
window frame.

Ca'se-OUS (ka'se-iis), a. Of or like cheese.

Cash (kash), n. Coin or specie ; ready money.
— v. t. [Cashed (kasht) ; Cashing.] To con-
vert into, or exchange for, money. — Cash'book,
n. A book for recording receipts and expendi-
tures of money. — Cash-ier' (-er'), n. One in
charge of the money of a bank, etc.

Cask (kash), n. A Chinese copper coin, worth
about one tenth of a cent.

Cash-ier' (kash-er'), v. t. [Cashiered (-erd') ;
Cashiering.] To dismiss from office or discard
from service or from society.

Cask'mere (kash'mer), n. A rich and costly
woolen stuff for shawls, etc.

Cas'ing (ka'sTng), n. A covering ; a case or box.

I Ca-si'no (ka-sg'uo), n. A small country house ;
a club house ; a game of cards.

Cask (kask), n. A small barrel-shaped vessel. —
v. t. To put into a cask.

Cas'ket (kas'ket), n. A small chest for jewels,
etc. -, a burial case.

Casque (kask), n. A helmet.

Cas-sa'tion (kas-sa'shun), n. The act of annulling.

Cas'sa-va (kas'sa-va), n. A species of manihot,
yielding tapioca.

CaVsia (kXsh'a), n. A species of laurel ; a cheap
kind of cinnamon.

Cas'si-mere (kas'sT-mer), n. A thin, twilled,
woolen cloth.

Cas-Si'no (k£s-se'no), n. A game at cards.

Cas'SOCk (kas'suk), n. A close, long coat worn
bv clergymen.

Cas'so-wa-ry (kas'so-wa-ry"), n. A large bird,
resembling the ostrich.

Cast (kast), v. t. & i. [Cast; Casting.] To
throw ; to fling ; to bound ; to form ; to calcu-
late. — n. A casting or throwing ; a throw ; the
tiling thrown, or distance through which it is
thrown ; motion ; turn ; appearance ; mien.

Cas'ta-net (kaVtu-nSt), n. An instrument rattled,
to keep time iii dancing.

Cast'a-way (kast'a-wa), n. An abandoned per-
son ; a reprobate. — a. Rejected: useless.

Caste (kast). v. A fixed class or order in society.

Cas'tel-lan (kaVtSl-l$n), n. A governor of a
castle.

Cas'tel-la'ted (kaVtgl-la'tgd), a. Tur-
reted like ■ i

Cast'er (kasfer), n. One who casts; a
criu-t, to contain condiments at the
table; a small wheel on a .swivel, on
which furniture is rolled.

Cas'ti-gate (kas'tY-gat), V. t. To punish Caster.
l>v stripes; to correct j to chastise. —

Cas ti-ga'tion (-sS'ehan), n. Punishment;
chastisement — Cas'ti-ga'tor, n. — Cas'ti-ga-

tO-ry (-;;a-to-ry), n. Corrective; punithe.

Cas'tile soap' (kas'tel or kas-tel' sop7). A fine
soap, made with olive oil and soda.

Cast/ing (kastlng), n. The act of one who casts ;
thing cast in a mold ; warping of a board. —
Casting net. A net cast and drawn, in distinc-
tion from a net that is set and left. — Casting
voice, Casting vote. The vote of a presiding
officer, which decides a question, when the votes
of the house are equally divided.

Cas'tle (kas"l), n. A fortified residence ; fortress ;
a piece resembling a castle, used in the game of
chess. — v. t. & i. In chess, to cover (the king)
with a castle.

A

Plan of Donjon.

Castle at Pierrefonds, France.

A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the
dwelling of the lord and his family ; B C Large round
Towers forming part of the donjon and of the exterior
walls ; D Square Tower, separating the two inner
courts and forming part of
the donjon : E Chapel, whose • '<

apse forms a half round Tow-
er, F, on the exterior walls ;
G H Round Towers on the ex-
terior wall : A" Postern Gate,
reached from outside by a re-
movahle flight of s-teps or in-
clined plane for hoisting in
stores, and leading to a court,
L (see small diagram),
whose pavement is on a level
with the 6ill of the postern,
but below the level of the
larger court, with which it
communicates bv a sepa-
rately fortified gateway ; .'/

Turret, containing spiral 6tairway to all the stories
of the Great Tower. B. and serving also as a station lor
signal fire, banner, etc.: B Turret with stairway for
tower, C; O Echaugettes ; /'/'/' Battlement* con-
sisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons
being pierced by loopholes; Q (/ Machicolations
rthoae at '/defend the Postern «T)i * Outwork de-
fending the Approach, which is a mad ascending ths
hill and passing under all lour laces of the cattle : S3
Wall of the outer Bailey. The road of approach en-
ters the bailey at 7"and passes thence into the oo-tle
bv the Main Entrance Gateway (which is in the wall
between the Towers. C fiDand over two drawbridges
and through fortified passages ti> the inner court.

CaS'tor (kSs'ter). ??. A beavor . ■ hat ; ■ heavy
kind of broadcloth.

Cas'tor oil' (klatSr oil'). Cathartic vegetal to oil.
Cas tra-me-ta'tion (kaVtr4-m*-ta7ahun), v. An

encamping: the laving out of a camp.
Cas'trate (kaVtrit), v. t. To deprive of virility ;

to emasculate ; to geld. - Cas-tra'tion <-tra'-

sliuin, n. Tin act ol gelding.

Cas'txel (kaVtreT), ». a kind of hawk.
Cas'u-al (ktth'fi-al), ». Happening without

&, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, H, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

CASUALLY

63

CATTLE

design ; coming without regularity ; accidental ;
fortuitous ; occasional — n. A vagrant. — Cas'-
U-al-ly, ddr. By chance ; accidentally ; occa-
sionally. — Cas'U-al-ty (-«l-ty), n. An acci-
dent ; death ; misfortune.
Cas'U-ist (kazh'u-ist), n. One who resolves cases

of conscience. — Cas u-is'tic, Casu-is'tic-al,
a. Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry. —
Cas'U-ist-ry (-Ts-try), n. The science of deter-
mining right or wrong, or of applying general
moral rules to particular cases.

Cat (kat), n. A domestic animal ; tackle used in
ships : a whip ; a game of ball.

Cat'a-clysm ( kat ' a - kliz'm ), n. An extensive
overflow ; a deluge.

Cat'a-comb (kat'a-koin), n. A cave or subterra-
neous place for burial of the dead.

Cat a-COUS'ticS ( kat'a-kous'tTks or -kobs'ttks),
n. Th^ science of reflected sounds or echoes.

Cat a-lec'tic (kaVa-lek'tTk), a. Wanting a sylla-
ble at the end.

Cat'a-lep sy (kat'a-lep/sy), n. Sudden suspension
of the senses and of volition. — Cat'a-lep'tic,
(-lep'tTk), a. Pertaining to, or like, catalepsy.

Cat'a-logue (kafa-log), n. A list or enumeration
of names or articles arranged methodically. —
V. /. To make a list of.

Ca-tal'pa (ka-taPpa), n. A tree having large
leaves and flowers.

Cat'a-ma-ran' (kafa-ma-ran'), n. A kind of raft
consisting of pieces of wood lashed together ;
a vessel with twin hulls ; a scold.

Cat'a-mount (kat 'a- mount), n. The cougar;
the puma ; a lynx.

Cat a-phon'ics (kaVa-fon'Tks), n. sing. The doc-
trine of reflected sounds.

Cat'a-plasm (kat'a-plaz'm), n. A poultice ; a plas-
ter.

Cat'a-pult (kaVa-pult), n. An engine for throw-
ing stones, arrows, etc.

Cat'a-ract (kaVa-rakt), n. A great waterfall;
an opacity of the lens of the eye.

Ca-tarrh/ (ka-tar'), n. Inflammation of the mu-
cous membrane of the air passages ; a cold in
the head or lungs. — Ca-taxill'al (-al), cu Per-
taining to catarrh.

Ca-tas'tro-phe (ka-taVtro-f e), n. The final event ;
a disaster ; a calamity.

Ca-taw'ba (ka-ta/ba), n. An American red grape ;
wine made from it.

Cat'boat (kSt'bof ), n. A sail boat with one mast,
placed well forward.

Catch (kScli). »'• t. [Caught (kat), or Catched
(kScht) ; Catching.] To seize ;"to take ; to re-
ceive ; to overtake. — r. i. To be held or im-
peded ; to spread by infecting, —n. Act of seiz-
ing ; that which seizes ; thing caught ; gain ; a
snatch ; a song for several voices. — Catch'er , n.
— Catch'ing. a. Contagious \ alluring.

Catch'pen-ny (k5ch'pen-ny), a. Made to gain
money from the ignorant ; worthless.

Catch'up (kSch'up), Cat'sup (kSt'sup), n. Sauce
made trom mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.

Catch/word/ (kach'wGrd'), n. The last word of
an actor reminding his successor to speak next ;
a cue ; the first word of a page inserted at the
bottom of the preceding page ; a phrase caught
up and repeated for effect.

Cat'e-Chise (k5t'e-kiz), v.t. To instruct by
questions and answers; to interrogate. — Cat' -
e-chist (kat'e-klst), n. One who catechises. —

Cat'e-Chism (-kiz'm), n. Instruction by ques-
tions and answers ; a summary of religious doc-
trine. — Cat' e-chet'ic (-kgt'Ik), Cat e-chet'ic-al
(-T-krtl), a. Pertaining to, or like, a catechism.

Cat'e-Chu (kaVe-ku or -chu), n. An astringent
vegetable extract.

Cat'e-Chu'men (kat'e-ku'mgn), n. One learning
the rudiments of Christianity ; a neophyte.

Cat'e-gO-ry (kat'e-go-ry), n. Oue of the highest
classes to which objects of knowledge can be
reduced; predicament; state; condition. — Cat'-
e-gor'ic-al (-gor'I-kal), a. Pertaining to a cate-
gory ; declarative ; absolute ; positive ; express.
— Cat e-gor'ic-al-ly, adv.

Cat'e-na-ry (kat'e-na-ry), n. A curve formed by
a cord hanging freely between two points not in
the same vertical line. — Cat'e-na-ry, Cat e-
na'ri-an. (-na'rf-crn), a. Relating to, or like, a
chain. — Cat'e-nate (kat'e-nat), v. t. To con-
nect, in a series of links. — Cat e-na'tion (-na'-
shiin), n. Union of parts ; regular connection.

Ca'ter (ka'tei), v. i. [Catered (-terd) ; Cater-
ing.] To provide food ; to purvey. — Ca'ter-er,
Ca'ter-ess, n.

Cat'er-piTlar (kat'er-pTPler), n. The larval or
worm state of insects.

Caterpillar.

Cat'er-waul (kaVer-wal), v. i. To cry as cats.

Cates (kats), n. pi. Food; viands; dainties.

Cat'fisn' (kaVfish'), n. A voracious fish; the
bullhead, horned pout, etc.

Cat'gUt7 (kSt'gihV), n. Cord made from intes-
tines.

Ca-thar'tiC (ka-thar'tik), a. Cleansing the
bowels ; laxative. — n. A purgative medicine.

Ca-the'dral (ka-the'dral), n. The principal
church in a diocese.

Cath'O-liC (kath'6-lik), a. Universal or general ;
not partial or narrow-minded ; pertaining to
the Church of Rome or its adherents. — n. An
adherent of the Romau Catholic Church. —
Cath/O-lic'i-ty (-ITs'T-ty), n. Doctrine of the
Christian church ; Catholicism. — Ca-thol'i-Cism
(ka-thol'T-sTz'm), n. Liberality ; adherence to
the Church of Rome. — Ca-thol'i-cize ( - siz ),
v. t. & i. To become or to make catholic or
a Roman Catholic.

Cation (kat'kln),ra. An ament ; a kind of inflo-
rescence.

Cat'ling (katlTng), n. A little cat ; a surgeon's
double-edged dismembering knife.

Cat'nip' (kSt'mp/), Cat'mint' (-mint/), n. An
aromatic plant sometimes used in medicine.

Ca-top'tric (ka-top'tnk), Ca-top'tric-al (-trT-
kal), a. Relating to catoptrics, or vision by re-
flection. — Ca-top'trics, n. sing. The science
of reflected light.

Cat's'-eye7 (katsl'), n. A quartz or chalcedony,
exhibiting reflections from within, like the eye
of a cat ; chrysoberyl.

Cat's'-paw' (kSts'pa/), n. A light air, rippling
the surface of the water ; a dupe or tool of
another.

Cat'tle (kSt't'l), n. pi. Domestic quadrupeds col-
lectively, esp. those of the bovine genus.

fSrn, recent, orb, ru le, full, urn, food, foot, out. oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CAUCASIAN

64

CELTICISM

Cau-Ca'sian (ka-ka'shan), a. Belonging to the
Indo-European race, and the races originating
near Mt. Caucasus.

Cau'CUS (ka/kus), n. A preparatory meeting for
political purposes. — v. i. [Caucused (-kiist) ;
Caucusing.] To hold, or meet in, a caucus.

Cau'dal (ka'dcl), a. Pertaining to the tail. —
Cau'date (-dat), Cau'da-ted (-da-ted), a. Hav-
ing a tail, or tail-like appendage.

Cau'dle (ka'd'l), n. A warm drink for sick per-
sons. — v. I. To make into caudle.

Caught (kat), imp. &p. p. of Catch.

Caul (kal), n. A net for the head ; a membrane
covering part of the lower intestines.

Cau'li-flOW'er (ka' 11 - flou' er), n. A variety of
cabbage.

Caus'al (ka'zal), a. Relating to or implying
causes. — Cau-sal'1-ty (ka-za"l'T-ty), n. Agency
of a cause ; the faculty of tracing effects to
their causes.

Cau-sa'tion (ka-za'shiin), n. The act of causing ;
tiie agency by which an effect is produced.

Caus'a-tive (ka'za-ti v), a. Expressing a cause ;
causal ; causing. — Caus'a-tive-ly, adv.

Cause (kaz), n. That which produces or effects
a result, or is the occasion of an action ; a suit
in court ; a legal process ; a case ; a side of a I
question, —v.t. [Caused (kazd) ; Causing.] To !
make ; to effect. — Cause'less, a. Uncaused ,
or uncreated ; without just cause or motive.

Cause'way (kaz'wa), Cau'sey (ka'zy), n. A
raised way over wet ground.

Caus'tic (kas'tlk), a. Destructive to the texture
of any thing ; burning ; corrosive ; satirical ;
sharp. — n. A burning or corrosive application.

— Caus'tiC-al-ly, adv. In a caustic or severe
manner. — Caus-tic'i-ty (-tis'T-ty), n. Quality
of being caustic ; corrosiveness ; sarcasm.

Cau'ter (ka'ter), n. A hot, searing iron. — Cau'-
ter-ize (-iz), v. t. To burn or sear (morbid
flesh, etc.) with fire or hot iron. — Cau'ter-ism
(-Tz'm), n. Application of caustics ; cautery.
— Cau'ter-1-za'tion (-t-za'shun), n. Act of burn-
ing or searing. — Cau'ter-y (ka'ter-^), n. A j
burning (morbid flesh).

B3P" Burning by a hot iron is actual cautery ;
by caustic medicine, potential cautery.

Cau'tion (ka'shun), n. Prudence ; care ; wari-
ness ; counsel ; admonition ; warning. — ?•. t.
To warn. — Cau'tion-a-ry (-a-r^), a. Contain-
ing warning ; given as a pledge. — Cau'tlous
f-ahfis), ". Prudent; wary; circumspect. —
Cau'tious-ly, adv. — Cau'tious-ness, n.

Cav'al-cade' (kaVal-kad'), n. A procession of
horsemen.

Cav'a-lier' (k5Va-ler'), n. A horseman ; a knight.

— ft. Gay ; sprightly ; brave ; supercilious ; dis-
dainful. — Cav'a-lier'ly, adv.

Cav'al-ry (kav'51-ry >, n. Mounted troops.

Cave (kav), n. A hollow place in the earth ;
a den ; a cavern ; a grotto. — v. t. [Caved
(kavd) ; Caving.] To make hollow. —v. £ To
dwell in a cave ; to fall (in) ; to collapse.

i;Ca've-at (ka'vt-at), «. [L., let him beware.] A
notice to suspend legal proceedings; a descrip-
tion of an invention, lodged in the patent office
before the patent right la taken out, to protect
it from Infringement ; a warning; a protest.

Cav'ern (kaVern), n. A deep, hollow place in

the earth j a cave. — CaVem-OUS (us), <;. Full
of caverns ; hollow.

Ca-viare' (ka-ver'), Cav'i-ar (kavT-ar), n. The
roes of certain fish, prepared and salted.

Cav'il (kav'il), v. i. [Caviled or Cavilled (-Tld) ;
Caviling or Cavilling.] To raise captious ob-
jections. — n. A false or frivolous objection. —
Cav'il-er, or Cav'il-ler, n.

CaVi-ty (kav'i-ty), n. A hollow place ; hollow-
ness.

Caw (ka), v. i. To cry like a raven. — n. The
noise of the crow or raven.

Cay-eune7 (ka-en' or ki-en'), n. A very pungent
red pepper.

Cay'man (ka'nian), n. An American reptile of
the Crocodile family ; the alligator.

Ca-Zique7 (ka-zek'), Ca-zic', n. An Indian chief.

Cease (tes), v. t. [Ceased (sest) ; Ceasing.] To
come to an end ; to desist ; to fail ; to stop. —
v. 1. To put a stop to ; to bring to an end. —
Cease'less, a. Without cessation or end ; inces-
sant. — Cease'less-ly, adv.

Ce'dar (se'der), n. An evergreen tree.

Cede (sed), v. t. To yield ;
to surrender ; to give up.

Ce-dil'la (se-dTl'la), n. A
mark under the letter c
[thus, c], to give it the
sound of s.

Ceil (sel), v. t. [Ceiled
(seld); Ceiling.] To
line the roof of. — Ceil'-
ing, n. The covering of
the inner roof ; inside
planking of a ship.

Cel'an-dine (seVan-din),
n. A plant of the Poppy family.

Cel'e-brate (sgl'e-brat), v. t. To praise ; to extol ■
to commemorate ; to solemnize. — Cel'e-brant,
n. One who performs a public religious rite. —
Cel'e-bra'ted (-bra'tSd), a. Having celebrity :
well known ; famous ; renowned ; illustrious. —
Cel'e-bra tor (-ter), n. — Cel e bra'tion (-bra'-
shun), n. Honor or distinction bestowed ; com-
memoration. — Ce-leb/ri-ty (se - 15b ' rT - tf). n.
The condition of being celebrated ; renown ; re-
pute ; fame ; a person of distinction.

Ce-ler'i-ty (se-lgr'i-t^), n. Swiftness ; speed.

Cel'er-y (sel'er-jf), n. A salad plant of the Pars-
ley family.

Ce-les'tial (se-leVchfll), a. Heavenly ; belonging
to China. — tj. An inhabitant of heaven; a
Chinaman. — Ce-les'tial-ly, adv.

Ce'li-ac (se'lT-Sk), a. Pertaining to the belly.

Ce-lib'a-cy (se-lTl/a-sy or seTT-ba-), n. Unmar-
ried state ; single life.

Cell (sSl), n. A small and close room : a closed
cavity ; a minute sac or vesicle. — Cel'lu-lar
(-u-ler), a. Consisting of, or containing, cells.

Cel'lar (sgl'ler). ». A room under a building, —
Cel'lar-age (-Sj), »• Excavation for a cellar;
a series of cellars connected ; storage in a cellar.

Cel'lO (chellS), n. A violoncello.

Cel'lu-loid (ailt-loid), ». A composition made

from gun cotton and camphor, in imitation of
ivory, coral, amber, etc.
Celt (salt), ». One of an ancient race from whom

Sprung the Irish, Welsh, (Jael, and Bretons J a

stone or metal Implement used by early Celtic
nations.— Celt'ic (seTtTk1). a. Pertaining to the
Celt-, or to their language. — v. The language
of the Celts. — Celt'i-cism (-tT-eTi'm), n. A
Celtic custom. [Written also Kelt, /«'<// /r, etc]

5,e, I, o, u, long , a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, «veut, Idea, 6bey, fluite, ca-re, arm, ask, all, final,

CEMENT

65

CERTIFICATE

Ce-ment' (se-rngnf or sein'ent), n. An adhesive
substance for uniting bodies to each other, as
mortar, glue, etc. ; bond of union. — (se-meuf),
v. t. & i. To unite by the use of cement ; to
unite firmly and closely. —Cem' en- 1 a' tion
(sem'Sn-ta'shun or se'men-), n. A cementing.

Cem/e-ter-y (sein'e-ter-y), n. A burial place ;
a churchyard ; a necropolis.

Cen'0-bite (sen'o-bit or se'no-), n. A monk dwell-
ing in a convent or community. — Cen/O-bit'ic
(-bTt'Tk), Cen'O-bit' ic-al (-T-kal), a. Living in
community ; monastic.

Cen'O-taph (sen'6-tai), n. A monument to one
buried elsewhere.

Cen'ser (sSn'ser), n. A vase in which incense is
burned.

Cen'sor (sfin'sSr), n. A Roman magistrate ; one
who decides as to the publication of books, etc. ;
a harsh critic. — Cen-SO'ri-al (-so'ri-al), a. Be-
longing to a censor. — Cen-so'ri-ous (-us), a.
Fault - finding ; caviling ; captious ; severe. —
Cen-so'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Cen-so'ri-ous-ness, n.

— Cen'sor-ship (-sor-shTp), n. The office or
dignity of a censor.

Cen'sure (sSn'shur), n. Blame ; disapproval ;
reprimand, — v. t. [Censured (-shurd) ; Cen-
suring.] To condemn; to reprove; to reprehend.

— Cen'SUT-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Worthy of censure ;
culpable ; reprehensible. — Gen'sur-a-ble-ness,
n. — Cen'snr-a-bly, adv.

Cen'sus (sSn'sus), n. An official enumeration of
inhabitants.

Cent (sSnt), n. A hundred; as, 10 percent; an
American coin, worth the 100th part of a dol-
lar. — Cent/age (-aj), n. Rate by the cent, or
hundred ; percentage. — Cen'tal (-t«l), n. A
weight of 100 pounds avoirdupois ; a hundred-
weight. — a. Relating to a hundred.

Cen'taur (sgn'tar), n. A fabulous being, half man
and half horse.

Cen'te-na-ry (sen'te-na-ry), a. Relating to, or
consisting of, a hundred ; occurring once in 100
years. — n. The aggregate of 100 single things ;
a century. — Cen'te-na'ri-an (-na'rT-an), a. Of
or relating to 100 years. — n. A person 100 years
old. — Cen-ten'ni-al (-ten'nT-al), a. Belonging
to the hundredth anniversary ; happening once
in a hundred years, — n. A celebration of an
event which occurred 100 years before.

Cen'ter (sen'ter), Cen'tre, n. The middle point.

— v. t. [Centered (-terd) or Centred ; Cen-
tering or Centring.] To place on the middle
point ; to concentrate. — v. i. To be placed in a
center ; to be central or concentrated.

Cen'ter-bit' (sgn'ter-bTf), Cen'tre-bit', n. A bor-
ing instrument turning on a central point.

Cen-tes'i-mal (sen-teVT-mal), a. Hundredth ; by
the hundred.

Cen'ti grade (sSn'tT-gra<l), a. Having 100 de-

Cen'ti-gram (sSn'tT-gram), Cen'ti-gramme, n. A
measure of weight, the 100th part of a gramme,
equ il to .15432 of a grain.

Cen'ti-li ter (.Sn'tT-ie'ter or sen-tilt-), Cen'ti-
11 tre, n. A measure of capacity, the 100th part
of a liter, or six-tenths of a cubic inch.
Centime' (saN'tem'), n. A small French coin,
the 100th part of a franc.

Cen'ti-me'ter (sen'tT-me'ter or sen-tTm'e-), Cen'-
ti-me/tre, n. A measure of length, the 100th
part of a meter, or .3937 of an English inch.

Cen'tl-ped (sSn'ti-ped), n. A species of land ar-
ticulates, having many feet. [Written also cen-
tipede (-ped).]

Cen-to(sen'to), n. A piece made up of passages
from different authors.

Cen'tral (seu'tral), a. Relating to, in, or near,
the center. — Cen'tral-ly, adv. — Cen-tral'i-ty
(-tral'i-ty), n. The state of being central. —
Cen'tral-ize (sSn'tral-Iz), v. t. To bring to a
center. — Cen'tral-i-za'tion (-T-za'shfin), n. Act
of centralizing. — Cen'tre (sen'ter), n. Same as
Center. — Cen'tric (-trtk), Cen'tric-al (-tri-
kal), a. Placed in the center or middle ; cen-
tral. — Cen'tric-al-ly, adv. In a central posi-
tion. — Cen-tric'i-ty (-trTs'I-ty), n. The state
of being centric.

Cen-trif'U-gal (sen-trTf'u-gfll), a. Tending to re-
cede from the center. • - Cen-trip'e-tal (-trlp'e-
tal), a. Tending toward tne center.

llCen-tum'vir (sSn-tum'ver), n. ; pi. Centumviri
(-vT-ri). A Roman judge who decided common
causes among the people. — Cen - tum ' vi - ral
(-vT-ral), a. Pertaining to the centumviri.

Cen'tu-ple (sen'tu-p'l), a. Hundredfold. — v. t.
& i. To increase_a hundredfold.

Cen-tu'ri-al (sgn-tu'rl-al), a. Relating to a cen-
tury.

Cen-tu'ri-On (sen-tu'rl-iin), n. A Roman captain
of 100 men.

Cen'tU-ry (sen'tu-ry), n. A hundred ; a hundred
years.

Ge-phal'iC (se-fal'Tk), a. Pertaining to the head.

— n. Medicine for headache.
Cepb/a-lo-pod (sef 'a - 16 - pod), Ceph ' a - lo - pode

(-pod), n. A mollusk having long arms, which
in some species are furnished with suckers, — as
the devilfish and octopus.
Ce-ram'ic (se-ramlk), a. Pertaining to pottery.

— Ce-ram'ics, n. The art of making pottery,
tiles, etc., of baked clay ; work formed of clay
and baked. [Written also keramic, etc.]

Ce'rate (se'rat), n. Ointment composed of wax,
oil, etc. — Ce'ra-ted (-ra-ted), a. Covered with
wax.

Cere (ser), v. t. [Cered (serd); Cering.] To
wax, or cover with wax. — Cere'cloth/ (-kloth'),
n. A waxed cloth. — Cere'ment (-ment), n.
Cloth saturated with melted wax, for embalming.

Ce're-al (se're-al), a. Pertaining to edible grain,
as wheat, rye, etc. — n. Any edible grain.

Cer'e-bel (sSr'e-bgl), Cer'e-belium (-bgi'lum), n.;
pi. E. Cerebellums (-lumz), L. Cerebella. (-la).
The hinder and lower division of the brain.

Cer'e-brum (sgr'e-brum), n. The superior and
larger division of the brain. — Cer'e-bral(-bral),
a. Pertaining to the cerebrum.

Cer'e-mo-ny (ser'e-mo-ny), n. Outward rite;
forms of civility. — Cer'e-mo'ni-al (-mo'in-(fl),
a. Relating to ceremony, or external rite ; rit-
ual.— n. An established system of rules and
ceremonies. — Cer'e-mo'ni-al-ly, adv. — Cer'e-
mo'ni-OUS (-us), a. Consisting of, or according
to, prescribed or customary rules and forms;
precise ; formal. — Cer'e-mo'ni-ous-ly, adv.

Cer'tain (ser'tTn), a. Sure ; regul ir ; undenia-
ble ; one or some. — Cer'tain-ly, adv. Without
doubt or question ; in truth and fact ; without
failure. — Cer'tain-ty (-ty), n. Full assurance ;
established fact ; truth.

Cer-tif'i-cate (ser-tTPT-kSt), n. A written testi-
mony or declaration. — (-kat), v. t. To verify

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CERTIFICATION

66

CHAMPION

Cestus.

by, or furnish with, a certificate. — Cer'ti-fi-ca'-
tion (seVtT-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of certifying.

Cer'ti-fy (ser'tl-fi), v. t. To testify to in writing ;
to give certain information of or to. — Cer'ti-
fi/er (-ii'er), n.

Cer'ti-tude (ser'ti-tud), n. Freedom from doubt ;
certainty.

Ce-ru'le-an (se-ru'le-an), a. Sky-blue.

II Ce-ru/men (se-ru/meu), n. Wax secreted by the
ear.

Ce'ruse (stKrus), n. White lead ; native carbonate
of lead.

Cer'vi-cal (ser'vi-kal), a. Belonging to the neck.

Cei'vine (ser'vin), a. Pertaining to deer.

Cess (ses), 11. A tax ; a rate.

Ces-sa'tion (sSs-sa'shiin), n. A stop ; a rest ; a
pause ; an intermission.

Ces'sion (sgsh'un), n. A giving up ; a surrender.

Cess'poof (seVpobF), n. A sink ; a pool for drain-
age ; a sesspooL

Ces'tus (seVtus), n. A girdle ; an ancient box-
ing glove.

Ce-su'ra, n. See Caesura.

Ce-ta'cean (se-ta'shan), n. An ani-
mal of the whale kind. — Ce-ta'-
ceous (-shus), a. Of the whale
kind. — Ce-tof 0-gy (-tdi'6-jy), n.
Natural history of cetaceans.

Chafe (chaf), v. t. [Chafed (chaft) ;
Chafing.] To excite heat or irrita-
tion in by means of friction ; to ir-
ritate ; to fret ; to vex ; to provoke.
— v. i. To be excited or heated ;
to fret ; to be worn by rubbing. — n.
Heat or irritation. — Chafer, n.

Chafer (cha'fer), n. An insect, the cockchafer
or May-bug.

Chaf er-y (cha'fer-^), n. A forge for hammering
iron into bars.

Chaff (chaf), n. Husks of grain ; refuse ; light
talk ; banter, —v. t. [Chaffed (chaft) ; Chaff-
ing.] To quiz ; to make fun of. — Chaff 'y (-y),
a. Containing or like chaff ; light or worthless.

Chaffer (chXf'fer), v. i. [Chaffered (-ferd) ;
Chaffering.] To bargain ; to haggle. — v. t.
To buy ; to exchange. — Chaf 'f er-er , n.

Chaffinch (ch5f'fYnch), n. A singing bird of
the Finch family.

Chafing dish' (chafing dish'). A dish or vessel
for cooking on the table ; a portable grate.

Cha-green' (sha-gren'), n. See Shagreen.

Chagrin' (sha-grTn' or -gren'), n. Ill-humor ; vex-
ation. — v.t. [Chagrined
(-grtnd' or -grend'); Cha-
grining. ] To vex ; to
mortify.

Chain (chan), n. A line of
connected links; a sur-
veyor's measure, 4 rods
or 66 feet in length, and
containing 100 links. — v.
t. [Chained (chand );
Chaining.] To fasten
with chains; to enslave. —
Chain bridge. A bridge
bung on chains ; a suspcn-
si on bridge. — Chain
gang. A gang of convicts
chained together. — Chain
pump. A pump consist-
ing of an endless chain carrying disks or buckets.

Chain Tump.

— Chain Shot. Two balls, etc. , connected by a
chain, and used to cut down masts, etc. — Chain
Stitch. A kind of stitch in sewing, made by in-
terlocking threads.

Chair (ch^r), n. A movable seat with a back, for
one person ; a presiding officer of an assembly ;
a small carriage ; a sedan ; a gig ; an iron block
used on railroads to hold the rails in place. —
Chair 'man (-man), n. The presiding officer of an
assembly ; one who carries a chair or sedan. —
Chair'man-Ship, n. The office of a chairman.

Chaise (shaz), n. A two-wheeled, covered, one-
horse carriage.

Chal-ced'O-ny (kal-sgd'o-ny or kal'se-do-nj), n.
A translucent quartz, usually whitish in color,
and having a luster like wax.

Chal-COg'ra-phy (kal-k5g'ra-fy), n. The art of
engraving on brass.

Chal'dron (chal'drun or chal'-), n. A measure
lor coals (generally 36 bushels).

Chal'ice (ch£l'Ts),n. A bowl ; a commuuiou cup.

Chalk (chak), n. A white calcareous earth.—
v. t. [Chalked (chakt) ; Chalking.] To rub
or mark with chalk. — Chalk'y (-y), a. Con-
taining or like chalk. — Chalk'i-ness, n.

Challenge (chSl'lSnj), n. A summons to con-
test ; a demand ; an exception to a juror or
voter. — v. t. To summon to a contest ; to defy ;
to claim; to object to (a juror or voter).—
Chal'lenge-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — ChaFlen-ger, n.

Chaf lis (shSl'ly), n. A twilled, fine woolen dress
goods.

Cha-lyb'e-ate (ka-llb'e-at), a. Impregnated with
some salt of iron. — n. Water, liquor, or medi-
cine, into which iron enters.

Cham'ber (chain'ber), n. A retired room ; a com-
partment ; a closed space ; a place where an as-
sembly meets, and the assembly itself. — v. i.
To lodge ; to be wanton. — v. t. [Chambered
(-berd); Chambering. J To shut up.

Chanfber-lain (cham'ber-lTn), n. One in charge
of chambers ; a high court officer ; a treasurer.

Cham'ber-maid (chani'ler-niad'), n. A woman
in charge of bedchambers.

Cha-me'le-on (ka-me'le"-5n), n. A lizardlike rep-
tile, whose color is changeable.

Cham'f er (cham'ter), v. t. To cut a groove in ; to
flute ; to bevel. — n. A groove ; a bevel.

Cham' fret (chSin'frgt), n. A chamfer.

Cham'ois (shim'my or sha-inoi'), n. A small
European antelope ; a kind of soft
leather.

Cham'o-mile, n. See Camomile.

Champ (champ), v. t. & i.
[Champed (chSmt) ;
Champing.] To
chew; to bite ; to
gnaw.

Cham-pagne' (shim-
pan'), «. A brisk,
sparkling wine.

Cham-paign' (ahlm-
pin'), a. Flat; open ;
level. — n. A flat
country ; a plain.

Cham'pi on ( china f~ &a
pT-un), v. A com-
batant for another
or for a cause ; a

hero ; i defender. —

v. t. To defend ; to protect ; to maintain.

Chnniois.

6, e, I, o, u, long ; a, fi, I, 5, a, y, short ; seuate, Sveut, idea, Obey , ftnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

CHANCE

67

CHARY

Chandelier.

(-a-bl^), adv. —
Inconstant ; full of

Chance (chans), n. An unforeseen occurrence ;
accident ; luck ; possibility ; opportunity, — v. i.
[Chanced (chanst) ; Chancing.] To happen.

— a. Casual; fortuitous; accidental.
Chan'cel (chan'sel), 11. That part of a church

where the altar stands.
Chan'cel-lor (chan'sel-ler), n. An officer of state ;
the chief justice of a court of chancery or equity.

— Chan'cel-lor-ship, n. The office of chancel-
lor. — Chan'cer-y (-ser-y ), n. A high court of
equity.

Chan'cre (shSn'ker), n. An ulcer. — Chan'-
crous (-kriis), a. Ulcerous.

Clian/de-ller/ (shan'de-ler'), n. A support for
candles, lights, etc.

Chan'dler (chan'dler), n. A
dealer in candles or certain
other goods. — Chan'-
dler-y (-y), n. Commodi-
ties sold by a chandler.

Change (chanj), v. t. & i.
[Changed (chanjd); Chan-
ging.] To alter ; to ex-
change ; to vary. — n. Al-
teration ; variety ; small
money. — Changer-hie
(-a-b'l), a. Subject to
change ; variable ; fickle ;
unstable ; mutable. —
Change' a-hil 'i -ty (-&-
bTl'i-tyO, Change' a- ble-
ness, n. — Change'a-bly
Change'ful (chanj'ful), a.
change. — Change'ful-ly, adv. — Change'ful
ness, n. — Changeless, a. Not admitting al-
teration ; constant. — Change'ling (chanj'lTng), |
n. A child left or taken in place of another, as
by fairies ; one apt to change. — a. Taken or
left in place of another. — Chan'ger, n.

Chan'nel (cbJJu'nel), n. The bed of a stream of
water ; course ; furrow ; groove, —v. t. [Chan-
neled ( - nSld ) or Channelled ; Channeling
or Channelling.] To cut into channels.

Chant (chant), v. t. or i. To sing ; to celebrate in
song. —n. A song ; a melody ; a musical reci-
tation without musical measure. — Chant'er, n.

— Chant'ress, n. A female singer.
Chan'tl-Cleer (chan'tT-kler), n. A cock.
Chant'ry (chant'ry), n. A chapel where masses

are celebrated.

Cha'OS (ka'os), n. A confused mass of matter. —
Cha-Ot'iC (ka-oVTk), a. Resembling chaos;
confused.

Chap (chap or ch5p), v. t. & i. [Chapped (chSpt
or ch5pt) ; Chapping.] To crack ; to split. —
n. A cleft ; a gap ; a chink.

Chap (chop), n. The jaw ; —generally in plural.

Chap (chap), n. A man or boy ; youth ; fellow.

iCha par-ral' (ch'a'par-ral'), n. A thicket of low
evergreen oaks.

Chapeau' (sba/po'), n.; pi. Chapeaux (-poz').
A hat.

Chap'el (chapel), n. A place of worship ; a meet-
inghouse. — Chap'el-ry ( -ry ), n. The bounds
or jurisdiction of a chapel.

Chap'er-on (shXp'er-on), n. A matron who ac-
companies a young lady in public. —v. t. To
guide and protect ; to matronize.

Chap'fall'en (rh5p'fal"n), a. Having the lower
jaw depressed ; dejected ; dispirited.

Chap', -ter (cliapT-ter), n. A capital of a column.

Chap'laln (chap'lin), n. A clergyman in the
army, navy, public institution, etc. — Chap'-
laln-cy (-sy), Chap'lain-ship, n. Office, busi-
ness, or revenue of a chaplain.

Chap'let (chap'lgt), n. A garland or wreath ;
a string of beads used in counting prayers.

Chap'man (chap'man), n. A dealer ; a peddler.

Chaps (chops), n. pi. The mouth or jaws.

Chap'ter (chap'ter), n. A division of a book or
treatise ; a branch of some society.

Char (char), v. t. [Charked (chard) ; Charring.]
To reduce to coal ; to burn to a cinder.

Char'ac-ter (kar'Sk-ter), n. A mark or letter;
distinctive quality ; a person ; reputation. —
Char'ac-ter-is'tic (kar'ak-ter-Tst'ik), a. Con-
stituting or indicating character ; peculiar. — n.
That which constitutes or marks the character ;
trait. — Char'ac-ter-ls'tic-al-ly, adv. — Char'-
ac-ter-ize (kar'2k-ter-iz), v. t. To distinguish,
mark, or express the character of ; to describe ;
to entitle.

Cha-rade' (sha-rad'), n. An enigma in which a
word and its syllables are to be guessed from
descriptions or representations.

Char'coal' (char'koF), n. Coal made by charring
wood.

Charge (charj), v. t. [Charged (charjd) ; Char-
ging.] To impose; to enjoin or request ear-
nestly ; to put to the account of (as a debt) ; to
accuse of (a crime) ; to load ; to rush upon ; to
attack. — v. i. To make an onset. — n. Care ;
command ; injunction ; cost ; price ; onset. —
Charge'a-hle (-a-b'l), a. Ascribable; expen-
sive ; burdensome. — Charge'a-ble-ness, n. —
Charge'a-hly, adv. At great cost. — Char'-
ger (-jer), n. A war horse ; a large dish.

II Char' ge' d'affaires' (shar'zha' daf/far'). An
inferior diplomatic representative at a foreign
court.

Char'i-ly, Char'1-ness. See under Chary.

Char'i-Ot (ch2r'T-ot), n. A carriage of state or
pleasure. — Char'1-Ot-eer' (-er'), n. The driver
of a chariot.

Char'i-ty (charf-ty), n. Kindly feeling to oth-
ers ; love ; liberality ; alms. — Char ' 1 - ta - Die
(-ta-b'l), a. Full of love and kindness ; gener-
ous; beneficent. — Char'i-ta- ble-ness, n. —
Char'i-ta-bly, adv.

Char'la-tan (shar'la-tan), n. A quack ; mounte-
bank. — Char'la-tan-ism (-Tz'm), Char'la-tan-
ry (-ry), n. Quackery.

Char'lOtte Russe' (sh'ar'ISt rus'). A dish com-
posed of custard or whipped cream inclosed in
cake.

Charm (charm), n. Magic power ; enchantment ;
spell; fascination. — v. t. & i. [Charmed
(charmd) ; Charming.] To delight ; to please
greatly ; to bewitch ; to fascinate. — Charm'er,
n. — Charm'ing, a. Enchanting ; delightful.
— Charm'lng-ly, adv.

Char'nel (ch'ar'ngl), a. Containing remains of
the dead. — Charnel house. A tomb or vault
for bodies of the dead.

HChar'pie (sh'ar'pe), n. Lint for surgical dressings.

Chart (chart), n. A map of the sea with its
coasts, etc. — v. t. To map.

Char'ter (char'ter), n. A deed, or conveyance ;
a patent ; a grant. — v. t. [Chartered (-terd) ;
Chartering.] To establish by charter ; to hire
or let (a ship, etc.).

Char'y (cliSr'y or cha'r^), a. Careful ; cautions ;

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CHARY

68

CHESSBOARD

wary ; saving ; frugal. — Char ' i - ly, adv. —
Char'i-ness, n.

Chase (chas), v. t. [Chased (chast) ; Chasing.]
To hunt ; to pursue. — n. Hunt ; pursuit ; the
game hunted ; hunting ground. — Chas'er, n.

Chase (chas), v. t. To ornament (a metallic sur-
face) by engraving, embossing, etc. — Chas'er,
n. An engraver ; a tool for engraving.

Chase (chas), n. An iron frame for holding pages
of imposed type ; the forward part of a cannon ;
a groove or channel in the face of a wall.

Chasm (kaz'm), n. A cleft ; a gap ; an opening.

Chas seur' (slias/sdr'), n. A light-armed cavalry
or infantry soldier ; a uniformed attendant upon
persons of rank.

Chaste (chast), a. Pure ; undefiled. — Chaste'ly,
adv. — Chaste'ness, Chas'ti-ty (ch5s'ti-ty), n.

Chas'ten (cha's'n), v. t. [Chastened (-s'nd) ;
Chastening.] To correct by punishment ; to
purify from fault. — Chas'ten-er, n. — Chas'-
ten-iig, n. Correction.

Chas-tise7 (ch5s-tiz'), v. t. [Chastised (-tizd') ;
Chastising.] To correct by punishing. — Chas-
tis'er, n. — Chas'tise-ment (ch5s'tiz-ment), n.
Corrective punishment.

Chas'tl-ty (chas'ti-ty), n. See under Chaste, a.

Chas'U-ble (chSz'u-b'l), n. A vestment worn by
the priest in saying mass.

Chat (chat), v. i. [Chat-
ted ; Chatting.] To talk
in a familiar manner. — n.
Light, familiar talk ; a
small bird, allied to the
warblers. — Chat'ty (-ty),
a. Talkative ; sociable.

llCha'teau' (sha'to"'), n. ; pi.
Chateaux (-toz'). A cas-
tle ; a country seat.

Chat'e-let (sh5t'e-lgt or sh'a'-
t'-la'), n. A little castle.

— Chat'el-la-ny (shSt'el-
la-n^), n. Jurisdiction of
a castellan, or governor of

Chat'tel (chSft'l), n. Any
movable property.

Charter (chat'ter), v. i. To
jabber ; to talk idly ; to prate. — n. A prating ;
the noise of birds. — Chat'ter-box' (-b5ks'), n.
One who chatters. — Chat'ter-er, n.

Chauffeur' (sho'feV), n. One who manages the
running of an automobile.

Cheap (chep), a. Of low price ; df little value ;
common. — Cheap'en (che'p'n), v. t. [Cheap-
ened (-p'nd); Cheapening.] To attempt to
buy ; to chaffer for ; to beat down the price of.

— Cheap'en-er, n. — Cheap'ly, adv. At a low
rate. — Cheap'ness, n.

Cheat (chet), n. A deception ; a fraud ; a trick ;
a person who cheats. — ?'. /. To defraud; to
deceive ; to impose on. — Cheat'er, n.

Check (chSk), n. Restraint ; curb ; an order for
money ; a mark for verification ; a printed de-
sign in squares. — v. t. To put restraint upon ;
to hinder ; to rebuke ; to identify (a trunk, etc.) ;
to mark off (a list, etc.). — v. i. [Checked
(chSkt) ; Checking.] To stop ; to interfere.

Check'er (chSk'er), v. t. [Checkered (-erd) ;
Checkered.] To variegate with cross-lines ; to
form into little squares; to diversify. — n. A
piece in tlie game of checkers ; a pattern in

Chasuble.

KM*

Wfc

checks; checkerwork. — Check' er-board7
(-bord7), n. A board with
64 squares of alternate col-
ors, on which to play check-
ers. — Check'ers (-erz)
A game for two persons,
each having 12 men (or
checkers); draughts.—
Check'er-work' (-wQrk'),
n. Work consisting of
checkers varied alternately
in color or material. Checkerboard.

Check'mate (chek'mat), n. The winning move in
chess ; hence, complete defeat ; overthrow. —
r. t. To finally check (the adversary's king in
chess) ; to defeat utterly ; to thwart.

Cheek (chek), n. The side of the face below the
eye ; assurance or impudence. [Slang']

Cheer (cher), n. State of gayety, mirth, or good
spirits ; entertainment ; applause. — v. t. To
cause to rejoice ; to enliven ; to encourage ; to
salute by cheers. — v. i. [Cheered (cherd);
Cheering.] To grow cheerful. — Cheer'ful
(-ful), a. Lively ; animated ; pay ; jolly. —
Cheer ' ful - ly, adv. — Cheer ' ful - ness, n. —
Cheer'ly, Cheer'y, a. Cheerful ; gay ; enliven-
ing.—adv. Heartily. — Cheer'i-ly (-T-ly), adv.

— Cheer'i-ness, n. — Cheer'less, a. Without
cheer ; gloomy ; dreary. — Cheer 'less-ness, n.

Cheese (chez), n. Curd of milk, coagulated and
pressed. — Chees'y (-y), a. Like cheese. —
Cheese cake. A cake of curds, sugar, and
butter. — Cheese'mon'ger (-mun'ger), n. A
dealer in cheese.

Cheertah (che'ta), n. Hunting leopard of India.

I! Chef-d'oeuvre' ( sha ' dGvr' ), n. ; pi. Chefs-
d'csuvre (sha'-). [F.] A masterpiece ; a capital
work in art, literature, etc.

Chem'ic, etc. See under Chemistry, n.

Che-mise' (she-mez'), n. A woman's under-gar-
ment. — Chem'i-sette' (shSm'e-zgt''), n. An un-
der-garment worn over the chemise.

Chem'ist (kgm'Tst), n. One versed in chemistry;
a dealer in drugs. — Chem'is-try (kgm'Ts-tvy),
n. Science of the composition and constitu-
tional changes of substances. — Chem'ic (-Tk),
Chem'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to chemistry.

— Chem'ic-al-ly, adv. — Chem'ic-al, n. A sub-
stance producing chemical effects.

JS&r* These words were formerly written with
y or I, instead of e, in the first syllable, chymistry,
chimistry, etc.

Che-nille' (she-nel'1, n. Tufted cord, of silk or
worsted, used as trimming.

Cheque (chgk), n. See Check.

Cher'ish (chgr'Tsh), v. t. [Cherished (-Tsht) ;
Cherishing.] To treat with tenderness ; to in-
dulge ; to support. — Cher'ish-er. n.

Che-root' (che-roof), n. A kind of cigar.

Cher'ry (chgr'ry)> «• A tree and its stone fruit,
also its timber; a red color, like that of the
fruit. —a. Red, like the cherry.

Cher'SO-nese (ker'so-nes), n. A peninsula.

Chert (chert), n. A flintlike quarts ; hornstone.

Cher'ub (cherttb), n. ; pi. Cheruus, Heb. Cher-
ubim (-u-blm). A celestial spirit ; an angel ; a
beautiful child. — Che-ru'bic ( die- ru'bTk),
Che-ru'bic-al (-bT-k«l), a. Angelic.

Chess (cues), v. A game played by two persons,
on a hoard like t hat used in checkers. — Chess'-

board' (-Mrd7), n. The board for this panic. —

a, 5, 1, 5, 0, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, A, y, short ; senate, 6vent, Idea, 6bey, (iuite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

CHESSMAN

69

CHIT

Cheval-de-frise.

Chess'man (-man), n. One of the 16 pieces
used by each player in this game.

Chess (cliSs), n. A kind of grass ; a weed.

Chest (chest), n. A large box ; the thorax, or
part of the body inclosed by the ribs.

Chest'nut (cheVniit), n. A tree and its nut. — a.
Reddish brown.

||Che-val'-de-frise/ (she-val'de-frez'), n. ; pi.
Chevaux-de-prise (she-voy-). A timber trav-
ersed with spikes, used for
defense.

Chev'a-lier' (shev ' a-ler'),
n. A horseman ; a knight ;
a cavalier.

Chev'ron (shev'run), n. A
mark of military rank, worn on the coat sleeve.

Chew (elm), v. t. & i. [Chewed (chud) ; Chew-
ing.] To grind with the teeth ; to masticate.

llChi-DOUOJie' (chT-bobk'), Chi-houk', n. A Turk-
ish tobacco-pipe.

llChic (shek), n. Good form ; style. [Slang']

Chi-cane7 (shT-kan'), n. Shift ; cavil ; trickery ;
sophistry. — v. t. To use artifices. — Chi-can'-
er, n. — Chi-cail'er-y (-er-y), n. Chicane.

Chick (chik), Chick'en (chik'en), n. The young
of fowls ; a young person. — Chick'en-heart'ed
(-hart'ed), a. Timid ; cowardly. — Chicken
POX (p5ks). A mild, contagious, eruptive dis-
ease. — Chick'-pea' (-pe'),n. A species of dwarf
pea. — Chick'weed' (-wed')? n' A. species of
weeds of which small birds are fond.

ChiC'O-ry (chTk'6-rjf), n. A plant used for adul-
terating coffee ; succory ; endive.

Chide (chid), v. t. & i. [imp. Chid (chid), Obs.
Chode (chod) ; p. p. Chidden (chid'd'n), Chid ;
p. pr. Chiding.] To rebuke ; to scold ; to rep-
rimand. — Chid'er (chld'er), n.

Chief (chef), a. Highest in rank; principal.—
n. A leader ; commander ; head of a tribe. —
Chiefly, adv. Principally ; above all ; mostly.

— Chieftain (-tin), n. Captain; leader.—
Chief tain-cy (-sy), Chieftain-ship, n. Rank
of a chieftain ; leadership.

HChi'gnon (shln'ySn; F. she'ny6N')> n. A knot
of hair at the back of a woman's head.

Chil'blain' (chil'blau'), n. A blainor sore, caused
by cold.

Child (child), n. ; pi. Children (chTl'dren). A
son or daughter ; a descendant. — Child-birth'
(-berth'), n. The act of bringing forth a child ;
travail ; labor. — Child'hood (-hood), n. The
state of a child ; time of being a child. — Child'-
ish, a. Like a child ; simple ; puerile. — Child'-
ish-ly, adv. — Child'ish-ness, n. — Child'less,
a. Having no child. — Child'less-ness, n. —
Child'like', a. Becoming a child ; dutiful.

Chil'i-ad (kTl'T-Sd), n. A thousand; esp., a
thousand years.

Chill (chll), re. A disagreeable sensation of cool-
ness ; discouragement. — a. Cold ; raw ; formal
and distant. — v. t. & i. [Chilled (child);
Chilling.] To cool. — Chill'y (-f), a. Some-
what cold; causing a chill. — Chill ' i - ness,
Chill'ness, n.

Chime (chim), n. Harmonious sound of musical
instruments ; a set of bells arranged to ring in
tune. — v. i. & I. [Chimed (chimd) ; Chiming.]
To sound in harmony ; to agree or suit (with).

— Chim'er, n.

Chime (chim), n. The edge or brim of a cask.
Chi-me'ra (kT-me'ra), n. A mythological mon-

ster; a vain fancy. — Chi-mer'iC-al (-mSrt-
kal), a. Merely imaginary ; fantastic ; wild ; de-
lusive. — Chi-mer'ic-al-ly, adv.

Chim'ney (chim'n^), n. ; pi. Chimneys (-niz). A
flue or passage for smoke.

Chim-pan'zee (chim-pSn'ze), n. The African
orang-outang, a manlike monkey.

Chin (chin), n. The lower extremity of the face.

Chi'na (clu'na), n. A species of earthenware ;
porcelain.

Chin'ca-pin, n. See Chinquapin, n.

Chinch (chinch), n. The bedbug; also, an in-
sect destructive to grain.

Chin-chil'la (chTu-chil'la), n. A small rodent
animal, having soft gray fur.

Chin' cough' (chin' kof). Hooping cough.

Chine (chin), n. The backbone ; part of a barrel
inclosing the head. —v. t. To sever the spine of.

Chi-nese7 (chl-nez' or -lies'), a. Of or pertaining
to China. — n. A native, the people (collec-
tively), or the language, of China.

Chink (chink), n. A cleft or fissure ; a gap or
crack. — v. i. To crack; to open. — v. t. To
part or open ; to fill up the chinks of. — Chink'y
(-y), a. Having chinks.

Chink (chink), n. A short, sharp sound, as of
metal lightly struck ; money ; cash. — v. t. & i.
[Chinked (chinkt) ; Chinking.] To jingle.

Chin'qua-pin (cbTn'ka-pTn), n. A North Ameri-
can nut-bearing tree or shrub, allied to the chest-
nut ; its small edible fruit.

Chintz (chints), n. Colored printed cotton cloth.

Chip (chip), v. t. & i. [Chipped (chipt) ; Chip-
ping.] To break or cut into small pieces, —n.
A piece cut off ; a fragment.

Chip'muilk' (chTp'munk'), n. A squirrel-like
animal, also called striped squirrel and hackee.

Chipmunk.

Chi-rog'ra-pher (kt-rog'ra-fer), n. A penman. —
Chi-rog'ra-phy (-f^), n. One's own handwrit-
ing ; penmanship. — ChiTo-graph'ic ( ki ' ro-
grSf'Tk), a. Pertaining to chirography. — Chi-
rol'0-gy (kt-rol'6-jy), n. The art of talking by
the hands ; dactylology. — Chi'ro-man'cy (kl'-
ro-mSn'sy), n. Divination by inspection of the
hand ; palmistry. — Chi-rop'O-dist (kt - rop' 6-
dlst), n. One who removes corns from the feet.

Chirp (cherp), v. i. [Chirped (cherpt) ;
Chirping.] To make the sharp noise of
birds, crickets, etc. — v. t. To enliven.
— n. A short, sharp noise. — Chirp'er, n.

Chir'nip (chir'rup). r. t. [Chirruped
(-rupt); Chirruping.] To animate by
chirping. — ?•. i. To chirp. — n. A chirp.

Chis'el (chTz'gl), n. A tool for paring,
hewing, or gouging. — v. t. [Chiseled
(-gld) or Chiselled • Chiseling or Chis-
elling.] To cut with a chisel ; to gouge ;
to cheat.

Chit (chit), n. The first shooting of a Chisel,
plant ; a sprout ; a child.

fSrn, recent, drb, r^ide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CHITCHAT

70

CHRONICLER

CWt'chat (chit 'chat), n. Familiar or trifling;
talk ; prattle ; gossip.

Chiv'al-ry (shTv'tfl-ry), n. Knight errantry;
valor ; courtesy. — Chiv'al-ric (-rtk), ChiVal-
TOUS (-rus), a. Relating to chivalry ; knightly ;
magnanimous. — Chiv'al-rous-ly, adv.

Chive (chiv), to. A small species of onion.

Chlo'ral (klS'ral), n. A sedative drug obtained
by action of chlorine upon alcohol. — Chlo'rate
(-rat), n. A salt of chloric acid. — Chlo'ric
(-rik), a. Pertaining to, or obtained from,
chlorine. — Ohlo'ride (kio'rid or -rid), to. A \
compound of chlorine with another element. — '
ChlO-rid'ic (klo-rid'Tk), a. Pertaining to a
chloride. — Chlo'rine (klo'rTn or -rin), n. A I
heavy gas of greenish color.

Chlo'ro-form (klo'ro-fSrm), n. An oily, volatile |
liquid, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlo-
rine, and used to produce insensibility. — r. t.
To treat with chloroform, or place under its in-
fluence.

Chock (chok), v. t. [Chocked (chokt) ; Chock- \
ing.] To stop or fasten as with a wedge or
block; to scotch, — v. i. To fill up. — to. A
wedge or block, to prevent motion. — adv. En-
tirely ; quite. — ChOCk'-full' (-ful'), a. Com-
pletely full.

Ch0C/0-late (chok'6-lat), to. A paste made from
the cacao nut ; a beverage made by dissolving
this paste in water.

Choice (chois), to. Act or power of choosing;
thing chosen ; option. — a. Select ; precious.

Choir (kwir), to. A company of singers ; a part of
a church appropriated to singers ; a chancel.

Choke (chok), v. t. [Choked (chokt) ; Choking.]
To stifle ; to suffocate ; to strangle. — v. i. To
have the windpipe stopped ; to be obstructed. |

— Ghok'er, to. One who, or that which, chokes ; i
a neckcloth or collar. \_Slang~\ — Chok'y, a. \
Tending to choke. — Choke'cher'ry (-cher'rjf),
to. A kind of wild cherry, and its astringent
fruit. — Choke'damp' (-damp'), to. A noxious j
vapor in mines, wells, etc. — Choke' — full'
(-ful') a. Quite full ; chock-full.

Chol'er (kol'er), to. Bile ; anger ; wrath. — Choi'- j
er-ic (-er-Tk), a. Passionate ; irascible.

Chol'er-a (kol'er-a), to. A dangerous epidemic !
disease characterized by vomiting and purging. '

— Cholera morbus. A milder form of cholera.
Choose (oliooz), v. t. [imp. Chose (choz) ; p. p.

Chosen (cho'z'n), Obs. Chose; p. pr. Choos-
ing.] To make choice of; to prefer ; to elect.

— v. i. To make a selection. — Choos'er. n.
Chop (chop), v. t. [Chopped (chopt) ; Chopping.]

To cut into pieces ; to mince ; to divide ; to sever.

— v. i. To strike quickly. —n. A chopping; a
stroke ; a piece chopped off. — Chop'per, n.

Chop'house', n. A place where chops, etc., are
cooked and sold ; an eating house.

Chop (ch5p), v. t. To barter ; to exchange. —
v. i. To purchase by trading • to wrangle ; to
shift suddenly (as the wind).— n. A change ;
a vicissitude.

Chop (ch5p), n. Quality ; brand ; permit or clear-
ance.

Chop'house', v. A Chinese custom-house.

Chop'stick' (cliop'stTk'). »• A small stick with
which the Chinese and Japanese convey food to
the mouth.

Cho'ral (kS'rol), n. Belonging to a choir. — n.
A hymn-tone. — Cho'ral-ly, adt

u, 5,I,o,

Chord (k&rd), n. A string of a musical instru-
ment ; a harmonious combina-
tion of tones simultaneously per-
formed ; line uniting the ex-
tremities of an arc. — v. t. ToJ
provide with musical chords or
strings.

Chore (chor), n. A small job of
work.

Chor'is-ter (kor'Is-ter), n. A sing- , c AB Ch .
er in a choir ; the leader of a AC AB ChordB-
choir.

ChO-rog'ra-phy (ko-rog'ra-f^), n. The map or
description of a country. — ChO-rog'ra-pher, n.
One who maps or describes a i-egion. — ChoTO-
graph'ic-al (ko'ro-grSf'T-kcrl), a. Pertaining to
chorography-

Cho'roid (ko'roid), n. The second coat of the
eye.

Cho'rus (ko'rus), n. A band of singers ; part of
a song in which all join.

Chose (choz), imp. & p. p. of Choose.

Cho'sen (cho'z'n), p. p. of Choose.

Chough (chuf ), n. A bird
of the Crow family.

Chouse (chous), v. t. To
cheat ; to trick. — n. One
easily tricked ; a gull ; a
trick ; an imposition.

Chow'chow' (chou'ehou'),
a. Consisting of several
kinds mingled together; ^
mixed. — n. A kind of
mixed pickles.

ChOW'der (chou'der), n.
A dish of fish, biscuit, -^^.^/T^
onions, etc., stewed to-
gether. — v. t. To make Chough,
a chowder of.

Chrism (kriz'm), it. Consecrated oil used in
baptism, confirmation, ordination, and extreme
unction. — Chris'mal (krTz'mal), a. Pertain-
ing to chrism. — Chris'ma-to-ry (-ma-to-r^), n.
A vessel to hold the chrism.

Christ (krist), n. The Anointed ; the Savior ; the
Messiah. — Chrls'ten (krls' 'n), v. t. [Chkis-
tened (-'nd) ; Christening.] To baptize ; to
give a name to ; to denominate. — Chris'ten-dom
(kris''n-dum), n. The Christian part of the
world. — Chris'tian (kris'chan), to. One who
believes in Christ ; esp., one whose life conforms
to Christ's doctrines. — a. Pertaining to Christ,
his religion, or his church ; characteristic of
Christian people; civilized ; gentle ; beneficent.
— Chris-tian'i-ty (kns-ch2n'T-ty or krla'chT-
an'T-ty), n. The religion of Christ. — Chris'-
tian-ize (kris'chan-iz), v. t. To make Chris-
tian. — Christ'mas (krfe'moa'), n. The festival
of Christ's nativity, observed December 25th.

Chro-mat'ic (kro-m'Xt'Tk), a. Relating to colors,
also to a scale in music which proceeds by semi-
tones. — Chro-mat'iCS. n. The science of colors.

Chrome (krom), Chro'mi-um (kro'mT-um),?i. A
hard, brittle metal of gnyisb-white color.

Chro'mo-lith'o-graph (krovmi-Hth/i-grif), n. A
lithograph printed In colors.

Chron'ic (kr5n'Tk), Chron'ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Re-
latim; to time ; of long duration; lingering. —
Chron'i-Cle (kr5n'T-k'l), to. A register of
events in the order of time ; a re "ord. — V. 1. To
record ; to register. - Chron'i-cler (-kler). n.

u, long ; ft, e, I, 6, ix, y, short ; senate, fiveut, Idea, 6bey, ftnite, cftre, iirm, ask, all, final,

CHRONOLOGY

71

CIRCULATE

ChlO-nol'0-gy (kr6-uol'o-jy), ra. Science of meas-
uring time or assigning to events their proper
dates. — Chro-nol'o-ger (-jSr), Chro-nol'o-gist
(-jist), ra. One skilled in chronology. — Citron 0-
log'ic (kron'6-loj'Ik), Chrono-log'ic-al (-T-
kcrl), a. Relating to chronology ; according to
the order of time. — Chrono-log'ic-al-ly, adv.

Chro-nom'e-ter (kro-nom'e-ter), n. A very exact
timepiece. — Chro-nom'e-try (-e-try), «. Art
of measuring time. — Chron'O-met'ric (kron'6-
met'rlk), Chron'o-met'ric-al (-rl-k«l), a.

Chrys'a-lis (krfs'a-lTs), ra. ; pi. Chhysalides (krT-
sal'T-dez). The pupa state of butterflies and
some other insects.

Chrys-an'the-mum (kris-an'the-muui), ft. A ge-
nus of -composite plants.

Chrys'O-ber'yl (ki-is'6-ber'Tl), ». A yellowish
green gem ; cat's eye.

Chrys'O-lite (krTs'6-lit), ra. A greenish mineral.

Chrys'O-prase (kris'6-praz), ra. A kind of grayish
or greenish quartz.

Chub (chub), ft. A fresh-water fish of the Carp
family ; the cheven.

Chub.

Chub'by (chub'by), a. Plump, short, and thick.

Chuck (chuk), v. i. [Chucked (chukt) ; Chuck-
ing.] To make a noise like that of a hen call-
ing her chickens ; to cluck. — v. t. To call, as
a hen her chickens. — ft. The call of a hen.

Chuck (chuk), v. t. To strike gently ; to toss ; to
secure upon a lathe. — ft. A fling ; a slight blow ;
a clamp for holding objects on a lathe.

Chuc'kle (chuk'k'l), ra. A short laugh of exul-
tation or derision. — v. i. To laugh in a sup-
pressed or broken manner.

Chuff (chfif ), ft. A coarse, surly fellow ; a clown.

— Chuff'y (-f), a. Surly; rude; clownish.
Chum (chiim), ra. A chamber-fellow, especially

in college ; an intimate friend, —v. i. To occupy
a chamber with ; to fraternize with.

Chunk (chunk), ra. A short, thick piece of any-
thing. — Chunk'y (-y), a. Short and thick.

Church (chdrch), ra. A place of worship ; an as-
sociated body of Christians. — Church 'man
(-man), ra. An ecclesiastic or clergyman ; an
Episcopalian. — Church'ward'en (-war'd'n), ra.
A layman in charge of the pecuniary interests of
a church or parish. — ChUTCh'yard' (-yard'), n.
Ground adjoining a church, in which the dead
are buried ; a cemetery.

Churl (chfirl), n. A rustic ; a rough, surly fellow : a
niggard. — Churl'ish, a. Surly ; rude ; uncouth.

— Churl'ish-ly, pdv. — Churl'ish-ness, ra.
Churn (chfirn),-n. A vessel in which butter is

made. — i'. t. & i. [Churned (chfirnd) ; Churn-
ing.]. To shake or agitate, as cream in making
butter. — Churn'lng, ??. Actor motion of one
who churns ; quantity of butter made at once.

Chute (shoot), ft. A trough through which ob-
jects slide to a lower level.

Chyle (kil), ra. The milky fluid derived from

chyme. — Chyl'i-f action (kil ' I - f 5k ' shun or
ki'lT-), ft. Formation of chyle.

Chyme (kim), ra. The pulp formed from food di-
gested in the btomach.

Chym'iS-try (kTni'Ts-try), etc. See Chemistry.

Ci-ca'da (si-ka'da), ft. ; pi. Cicad.se (-de). An
hemipterous insect, the male of which makes a
shrill, grating sound ; — called also locust.

Cic'a-trice (Bik'a-tris), Ci-ca'trix (si-ka'trlks), «.
A scar of a healed wound. — CiCa-tri-za'tiOtt
(sik'a-trl-za'shuii), ft. The process of healing a
wound. — CiC'a-trize (sTk'a-triz), v. t. To heal
by forming a skin over (wounded or ulcerated
flesh), — v. i. To heal or be healed.

llCi'ce-ro'ne (It. ehe'cha-ro'na ; E. sis'e-ro'ne), n.
One who exhibits local curiosities ; a guide.

Ci'der (si'der), ft. Expressed juice of apples.

i Cf-de-vant' (^e'de-vaN'), tf. Former; previous.

Ci-gar' (si-gar'), n. A small roll of tobacco, for
smoking. — Cig'a-rette' (slg'a-ret'), ft. A little
cigar ; fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.

Cil'ia-ry (sTl'ya-ry or -I-a-ry), a. Belonging to
the eyelashes. ' [hair.l

Ci-li'cious (sl-lish'us), a. Made, or consisting, of |

Cim/e-ter (slm'e-ter), ri. See Scimiter, ra.

Cln-Cho'na (sTn-ko'na), ft. A Peruvian tree yield-
ing a medicinal bark ; Jesuits' bark.

Cinc'ture (sink'tur), ft. A belt ; an inclosure.

Cln'der (sm'der), ra. A small coal ; an ember ; a
scale thrown off in forging metal.

Cin'e-mat'O-graph (sin'e-mat'o-gi^af), ra. A ma-
chine to photograph or exhibit moving pictures.

Cln'er-a-ry (sTn'er-a-ry), a. Pertaining to or
containing ashes. — Cin/er-a'tion (-a'shun), ra.
Reduction of anything to ashes by combustion.
— Cin'er-i'tioUS (-Tsh'us), a. Like ashes.

Cin'na-bar (sln'na-bar), ft. Red sulphuret of
mercury or quicksilver ; vermilion.

Cin'na-mon (sin'na-mun), ft. The aromatic in-
ner bark of a tree of Ceylon.

Cinque (sink), ft. The number 5 on dice or cards.

Cinque'foil' (sTnk'foiF), ft. A five-leaved plant or
architectural foliation.

Ci'on (si'iin), n. A shoot or
of a tree for grafting ; a scion.

Ci'pher (si'fer), ft. The figure
interwoven initial letters ;
cret writing. — v. i. [Ciphered Cipher,

(-ferd) ; Ciphering.] To prac-
tice arithmetic. — v . t. To ascertain by calcula-
tion ; to write in concealed characters.

Cir'cle (ser'k'l), ft. A curve (called the circum-
ference) every part of which is equally
distant from a point within (called "
center) ; circuit ; compass
sphere ; company ; province.
i. [Circled (-k'ld); Circling (-kling).] r;r„]p
To move round. — Cir'clet (-klet), ft.
A little circle ; a bracelet ; a ring ; an orb. —
Cir'CU-lar (-ku-ler), a. Like a circle ; round ;
ending in itself ; concerning many persons hav-
ing a common interest, —n. A letter addressed
to various persons. — Cir'CU-lar-ly, adv. — Cir'-
CU-lar'i-ty (-lar'T-ty), ft. State of being circular.

Cir'cuit (->er'ku), n. A circular space ; a judicial
district ; regular journeying, as of a judge. —
v. t. Tojnove or make to go round. — Cir-CU'i-
tOUS (-ku'T-tus), a. Going round in a circuit ;
indirect. — Cir-cu'i-tous-ly, "dr.

Cir'CU-lar, etc. See under Circle.

Cir'CU-late (ser'kti-lat), v. i. & t. To move or pass

A nve-ieavea plant or

ED Cipher.

ac-

sertain by calcula-

iaracters.

jailed the circum-

s equally ^— ^

ailed the f \

s ; orb ; (

f8m, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, iooi, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CIRCULATION

72

CLAIMABLE

round. — Cir'CU-la'tion (seVku-la'shun), n. A
circulating ; a passing around ; currency. —
Cir'cu-la'tor (-la'ter), n. — Cir'cu-la-to-ry (-la-

to-ry), a. Circular ; circulating ; going round.

Circum-am'bi-ent (ser'kuni-ani'bi-eut), a. Sur-
rounding ; encompassing.

Cir'CUm-am'bU-late (ser'kura-am'bu-lat), v. i.
To walk round about.

Cir'cum-cise (ser'kiini-siz), v. t. [Circumcised
(-sizd) ; Circumcising.] To cut off the foreskin
of. — Cir'cum-Ci/Sion (-sizh'un), n. The act of
circumcising ; spiritual purification.

Cir-CUin'fer-ence (ser-kuin'fer-ens), n. The line
bounding a circular figure ; a periphery.

Cir'cum-fiex (ser'kum-fle'ks), n. An accent,
marked thus [~ or "], and in Latin denoting a
long and contracted syllable, marked ["]. — v. t.
To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.

Cir-cum'flu-ent (ser-kum'flu-ent), Cir-cum'flu-
OUS (-iis), a. Flowing around.

Cir cum-fu.se' (ser'kuni-fuz'), v. t. To pour or
spread round. — Cir'cum-fu'sion (-fu'zhun), n.
A pouring or spreading around.

Circum-Ja'cent (ser/kurn-;ja'se'nt), a. Lying
around ; bordering on every side.

Cir'CUm-lo-CU'tion (seVkum-lo-ku'shiin), n. In-
direct expression ; periphrase. — Cir'CUm-lOC/-
U-tO-ry (-lok'ti-to-ry), a. Periphrastic.

Cir'CUm-nav'i-gate (seVkum-naVI-gat), v. t. To
sail around ; to pass round by water. — Cir/CUm-
nav'i-ga-ble (seVkum-naVl-ga-b'l), a. Capable
of being sailed around. — Cir'Cum-nav'i-ga'-
tion (-ga'shun), n. Act of circumnavigating.
— Cir cum-nav'i-ga'tor, n.

Cir'cum-po'lar (seVkuin-poTer), a. About the
pole ; near the pole.

Cir'cum-po-si'tion (ser'kQni-po-zTsh'un), n. Act
of placing in a circle, or state of being so placed.

Cir'CUm-ro-ta'tion (ser'kiim-ro-ta'shuu), n. A
rolling or revolving round, as a wheel. — Cir'-
cum-ro'ta-ry (-ro'ta-r^), Cir'cum-ro'ta-to-ry
(-to-ry), a. Turning, rolling, or whirling round.

Cir'CUm-SCribe' (seVkum-skrib'), v. t. To in-
close ; to limit ; to restrict ; to confine. — Cil7-
CUm-SCrip'tlon (-skrTp^shiin), ft. Limitation ;
bound ; confinement ; limit.

Clr'cum-spect (ser'kum-spekt), a. Attentive to
all circumstances of a case; cautious; vigilant.
— Cir'cum-spec'tion (-spgk'shun), n. Atten-
tion ; watchfulness ; deliberation ; forecast. —
Cir'CUm-speCtive (-spgk'tlv), a. Cautious ;
wary. — Cir'cum-specHy, adv. — Cir'cum-
spect/ness, n.

Cir'cum-Stance (ser'kfim-stXns), n. A condition of
things attending an event, though not essential
thereto ; pi. worldly estate ; the state of one's
property. — v. t. To place relatively or in a par-
ticular situation. — Cir'cum-stan'tial (-st$n'-
Bhal), a. Abounding with circumstances; par-
ticular ; minute. — Cir'cum-stan'tial-ly. adv. —
Clr CUm-Stan'ti-ate (-shT-at), v. t. To place in
particular circumstances; to enter into details
concerning.

Cir'CUm-vai'late (seVkiim-vSl'lat), ?•. t. To sur-
round witii a rampart. — Cir cum-'. al-la'tion
(-v&l-la'sh&n). n. Fortification round a place.

Cir cum-vent' (.-eVkum-\cnt'), v. t. To deceive j
to impose upon. — Cir'cum-ven'tion (-vSn'-
shuh i, a. Deception ; fraud.

Cir cum-vest' (ser'kflm-veet'), v.t. To cover

round, as with a garment.

Cir'CTUn-VOlve' (seVkiini-volv'), v. t. & i. [CiR-

cumvolved (-volvd') ; Circumvolving.] To roll

round ; to revolve. — Cir'CUm-VO-lU'tion (-vo-

lu'shun), n. The act of rolling round ; a thing

I rolled round another.

I Cir'CUS (ser'kus), n. A place for athletic games
i or feats of horsemanship.

Cis-al'pine (sTs-al'pIn or -pin), a. On this (the
Roman) side of the Alps ; south of the Alps.

Cis'at-lan'tic (sis/at-lan'tTk), a. On this side of
the Atlantic Ocean.

Cis'tern (sTs'tem), n. A reservoir ; a tank.

Cit'a-del (sit/a-del), n. A fortress in or near a
city.

Cite (sit), v. t. To summon ; to quote. — Cit'er,
n. — Ci-ta'tion (st-ta'shfin), n. A summons ; a
notice ; quotation. — Ci'ta-tO-ry (si'ta-to-ry), a.
Citing; calling.

Cith'ern (sith'ern), n. A kind of guitar.

Cit'i-zen (slt'i-z'n), n. A dweller in a city ; a
native or naturalized inhabitant of a country.

— Cit'i-zen-ship. ft. State of being a citizen.
Cit'ron (sTt'rim), n. A tree and its fruit, resem-
bling the lemon ; a kind of melon. — Cit'ric
(-rik), a. Pertaining to an acid found in the
lemon and similar fruits. — Cit'rate (-rat), ft.
A salt of citric acid. — Cit'rine (-1111), a. Like
a citron or lemon ; of a greenish-yellow color.

— ft. A yellow pellucid quartz.

Cit'y (sit'y), n. A large or corporate town.

Cives (sivz), n. pi. A species of garlic. [Writ-
ten also chives.']

Civ'et (stv'et), n. A carnivorous quadruped ; also,
a perfume produced by it

CiV'ic (sTvTk), a. Relating to civil life.

CiVil (si v'Tl), a. Pertaining to a city, state, citi-
zen, or society ; polite ; courteous. — Civ'il-ly,
adv. — Ci-vil'i-ty (sT-vTl'T-t^), n. Politeness;
courtesy. — Ci-vil'iail (-vTl'yan), 7>. One skilled
in civil law ; one engaged in the pursuits of civil
life, not military or clerical.

Civ'i-lize (sTv'T-liz), v. t. To reclaim from a sav-
age state ; to educate ; to refine. — Civ'i-lized
(-lizd), a. Refined ; cultivated. — Civ'i-li'zer,
n. — CiV'i-li-za'tion (-lt-iS'ahttn), n. State of
being civilized ; refinement ; culture.

Clabber (klXl/ber), 11. Milk turned and thick-
ened.— r. i. To curdle.

Clack (klltk), v. i. [Clacked (klakt) ; Clacking.]
To make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or
cracking ; to clink ; to click ; to talk rapidly and
continually. — n A sudden sharp noise ; con-
tinuous talk. — Clack'er. ».

Clad (klXd), />. p. of Cloths, v

Claim (klam). r. (. [Clauckd ;klarad) ; Claim-
ing.] To call for ; to demand as due. ~ v. i. To

be entitled to anything U a riglit. — n. De-
mand, as of right; title to anything; that to

which one has a rinht. — Clalm'a-ble ( a >>'l),

a, e, i, u, u , long ; a, C, I, d, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, 6 bey, dnite, care, arm, ask, all, finoL

CLAIMANT

73

CLEARING

Clamp.

a. Capable of being claimed. — Claim ' ant
(klam'out), n. One who claims.

Clalr-voy'ance (kl&r-Yoi'ans), n. Discernment,
through mesmeric influence, of things not pres-
ent to the senses. — Clair-voy'ant (-ant), a.
Discerning objects not present. — n. One who
discerns such objects.

Clam (klam), n. A bivalve shellfish; a kind of
vise or pincers. — v. t. [Clammed (klamd) ;
Clamming.] To clog, as with glutinous or vis-
cous matter. — Clam'my (-my), a. Soft and
sticky ; glutinous ; slimy. — Clam'mi-ness, n.

Claimant (kla'inant), a. Crying earnestly ; clam-
orously beseeching.

Clam/ber (klam'ber), v. i. [Clambered (-berd) ;
Clambering.] To climb with difficulty, or with
hands and feet.

Clam'my, a. See under Clam, n.

Clam'or (klam'er), n. Loud and continued noise ;
uproar; vociferation. — v i. & t. Clamored
(-erd) ; Clamoring.] To demand noisily or im-
portunately. — Clam'or-OUS (-er-Qs), a. Noisy ;

turbulent. — Clam'or-ous-ly, adv. — Clam'or-
ous-ness, n.

Clamp (klSmp), n. A piece of wood or metal
for holding objects together. — v. t.
To unite firmly.

Clamp (klamp), n. A heavy footstep ;
tramp, —v. i. To tread heavily or
clumsily ; to clump.

Clan (klSn), n. A family ; a race ; a
tribe ; a sect. — Clans'man (klSnz'-
nian), n. Fellow member of a clan.
— Clan'nlsh, a. Pertaining to a clan ; closely
united and exclusive as to all without one's clan
or clique. — Clan'nish-ly, adv. — Clan'nish-
ness, n. — Clan'snip, n. Union, as in a clan.

Clan-des'tine (klan-deVtln), a. Hidden ; secret ;
private ; underhand ; sly. — Clan-des'tine-ly,
adv. — Clan-des'tine -ness, n.

Clang (klang), v. t. [Clanged (klSngd) ; Clang-
ing. ] To strike together with a ringing metal-
lic sound. — v. i. To resound. — n. A sound
like that made by striking metal.

Clan'gor (klan'ger), 7i. A sharp, shrill, harsh
sound. — Clan'gor-OUS (-us), a. Making clangor.

Clank (klSnk), n. A brief, ringing sound, duller
than a clang. — v. t. & i. To sound with a
clank.

Clan'nlsh, etc. See under Clan, n.

Clap (klap), r. t. & i. [Clapped (klSpt) ; Clap-
ping.] To strike together ; to strike noisily ; to
applaud. — n. A noise of sudden collision ; a
burst of sound ; explosion ; bang. — Clap'per, n.

Clap'board (klaVbord), n. A board thicker at
one edge than the other, — used for sheathing
houses. — r. t. To cover with clapboards.

Clap'per-Claw (klap'per-kla), v. t. To fight and
scratch ; to revile ; to scold.

Clap'trap7 (klSr/trXry), n. A trick or device to
gain applause ; humbug. — a. Sham ; unreal. ■

Clar'et (klXr'gt), n. A French red wine.

Clar'i-fy (klar'I-fi), v. t. [Clarified (-fid) ; I
Clarifying.] To make clear ; to purify. — v. i. j
To become clear, pure, or bright. — Clar'i-fi'er
(-fi'er), n. — Clax'i-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shun), n. j
Clearing ; fining.

Clar'i-net' (ki5rT-nSt'), Clar'i-o-net' (-5-ngf), n.
A reed instrument of music.

Clai'i-on (klaVT-un), n. A kind of trumpet, of '
clear and shrill note.

Clash (klSsh), v. i. [Clashed (klSsht) ; Clash-
| ing.] To dash noisily together ; to come in
j collision ; to interfere. — v. t. To strike noisily
I against. — n. Noisy collision ; conflict, as be-
J tween differing interests, views, purposes, etc.

Clasp (klasp), v. t. [Clasped (klaspt) ; Clasping.]
To embrace ; to grasp ; to inclose and cling to.

— 11. A catch; close embrace. — Clasp'er, n.

— Clasp knife. A large knife, with its blade
shutting into the handle.

Class (klas), n. A group ; rank ; order, division,
or set of persons or things, —v. t. [Classed
(klast) ; Classing.] To arrange in classes ;
to rank. — 7'. i. To be grouped or classed. —
Class'mate/ (-mat'), n. One in the same class.

Clas'siC (klas'sik), Clas'sic-al (-sT-kal), a. Of
the first class or rank, esp. in literature or art ;
pertaining to the Greek and Latin authors and
artists ; pure ; refined. — Clas'siC, n. A work
of repute or its author ; one versed in classical
literature. — Clas'siC-al-ly, adv.

Clas'si-fy (klas'sT-fi), v. t. To distribute into
classes ; to arrange ; to rank ; to systematize. —
Clas'si-fi-Ca'tion (-fi-ka'shun), n. A classify-
ing ; systematic arrangement or enumeration.

Clat'ter (klat'ter), v. i. [Clattered (-terd) ;
Clattering.] To make rattling sounds ; to talk
noisily, —v. t. To strike and make a rattling
noise. — n. A repeated rattling noise. — Clat'-
ter-er, n.

Clause (klaz), 7i. A separate portion of a sen-
tence or of a document.

Claus'tral (klas'trSl), a. Relating to a cloister.

Cla'vate (kla'vat), Cla'va-ted (-va-ted), a. Club-
shaped ; gradually thickening toward the top.

ClaVi-cle (klaVT-k'l), n. The collar bone.

Claw (kla), 77. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a
beast of bird. — v. t. [Clawed (klad) ; Claw-
ing.] To pull, tear, or scratch.

Clay (kla), n. Plastic earth. — v. t. [Clayed
(klad) ; Claying.] To manure or purity with
clay. — Clay'ey (-f), a. Consisting of, abound-
ing in, or like clay.

Clay'more' ( kla ' mor ' ), n. A Scottish broad-
sword.

Clean (klen), a. Free from dirt or defect ; pure ;
neat ; complete ; entire, —adv. Without limita-
tion ; quite ; entirely. — 7'. i. [Cleaned (klend) ;
Cleaning.] To purify ; to cleanse. — Clean'ly,
adv. In a clean manner ; neatly. — Clean'ness,
n. — Clean'ly (klen'ly), a. Habitually clean ;
pure. — Clean'li-ness, n.

Cleanse (klSnz), p. t. To make clean. — Cleans'-
a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being cleansed. —
Cleans'er, n.

Clear (kler), a. Free from opaqueness, mixture,
impurity, fault, etc. ; pure ; unmixed ; obvious ;
plain; manifest; distinct; audible; indisputable.

— n. Full extent. — adv. Plainly ; completely ;
wholly ; quite. — v. t. [Cleared ( klerd ) ;
Clearing.] To free from impurity, obscurity,
impediment, etc. ; to pass over ; to obtain above
all expenses. — r. i. To become fair or free. —
Clear'er, n. — Clear'ly, adv. — Clearness, n.

— Clear'age (-fij), n. The act of removing any-
thing ; clearance. — Clear'ance (-ans), n. A
clearing ; a certificate from the custom house
that a ship is free to sail. — Clear'ing, 77. A
making clear ; justification ; defense ; a tract of
land cleared of wood for cultivation ; a method
adopted by bankers for settling balances.

£8rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fo'ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, »tiin.

CLEAR-SIGHTED

74

CLOSET

To

Clear'-Slght'ed (kler'sit'ed), a. Having acute
sight ; discerning. — Clear'-sight'ed-ness, n.

Clear'Staich' (kler'st'arch'), v. t. To stiffen uni-
formly with starch.

Cleat (klet), n. A strip for fastening. — v. t.
secure with a cleat.

Cleave (klev), v. i. [imp. Cleaved |
( klevd ), Obs. Clave ( klav ) ; p. p.
Cleaved ; p. pr. Cleaving.] To stick ;
to hold ; to adhere ; to cling.

Cleave (klev), v. t. & i. [imp. Cleft
(kleft), Obs. Clave (klav), Obsoles.
Clove ( klov ) ; p. p. Cleft, Cleaved
(klevd), or Cloven (klo'v'n) ; p. pr. Cleaving.]
To part ; to divide ; to split ; to crack. — Cleav'-
a-ble, a. Capable of cleaving or being divided.
— Cleav'age (-aj), n. A splitting ; lamination ;
fracturing. — Cleav'er, n. One that cleaves ;
a butcher's chopping instrument.

Clef (kief), n. A character in musical notation
to show the key. -rW+ v *v - — f)

Cleft (kleft), n. Opening made !{-}-]-£— |«._y_
by splitting ; crack ; chink ; ||sa| | ^/* -f^-

Cleat.

cranny. — a. Split ; divided.

Clem'a-tiS (klgm'a-tis), n. ^-4^-

A climbing flowering plant. •£

Clem'ent ( klein ' ent ), a. c Clef • F Clef- G Clef-
Mild in temper and disposition ; gentle ; kind.
— Clem'en-CV (-en-sy), n. Mildness ; lenity.

Cler'gy (kler'jy), n. The body of ecclesiastics,
or ministers of the gospel, in distinction from
the laity. — Cler'gV-man (-man), n. An or-
dained minister ; one of the clergy.

Cler'lc (kler'Tk), n. A clerk, or clergyman. —
Cler'ic, Cler'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to the
clergy, also to a clerk or copyist.

Clerk (klerk ; in Eng. klark), n. A parish offi-
cer ; a scribe ; an accountant ; a shopkeeper's
assistant. — Clerk'ship, n. Office of a clerk.

Clev'er (klev'er), a. Expert ; dexterous ; skill-
ful ; adroit ; agreeable. — Clev'er-ly, adv. —
Clev'er-ness, n.

Clev'is (klev'Ts), Clev'y (-^), n. A (J-shaped
draft-iron on the end of a cart tongue.

Clew (klu), n. A ball of thread ; guide ; corner
of a sail. [Also written clue.~\ — v. t. [Clewed
(klud) ; Clewing.] To truss up (a sail) to the
yard.

Click (klTk), v. i. [Clicked (ktfkt) ; Clicking.]
To make a small, sharp noise, as by a gentle
striking; to tick. — n. A small, sharp sound.

Click (klTk), n. A small piece of iron, falling
into a notched wheel ; a detent ; a pawl.

Cli'ent (kliVnt), n. One under the protection of
another; the employer of a legal adviser.

Cliff (klTf ), n. A steep rock ; a precipice.— Cliffy
(-J), a. Having cliffs ; craggy.

Cli-mac'ter-iC (klt-mSk'ter-Tk or klTm'5k-tgr'Tk),
a. Critical, —n. -A. critical period in life, or
period of great change in the constitution ; the
<;:',( I year.

Cli'mate (kli'mat), n. A region or tract of coun-
try ; the condition of a place as to atmosphere,
temperature, moisture, etc. — Cll-mat'ic (klt-
mXt'Tk), Cli-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining

to, or limited by, climate. — Cli'ma-tol'O-gy
(kli ma-t51'o-JS-)» n. Science of climates, or a
treatise on climates.
Cli'max (kli'inaks), n. Upward movement;
gradation; ascent; highest point or degree;

Climb (klim), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Climbed
(klimd), Obs. or Vulgar Clomb (klom) ; Climb-
ing.] To mount by the hands and feet, or la-
boriously. — Climb'er, n.

Clime (klim), n. Climate ; region.

Clinch (klinch), v. t. [Clinched ( klincht ) ;
Clinching.] To grasp; to gripe ; to establish.

— n. Fast hold. — ClillCh'er, n.

Cling (kling), v. i. [imp. &p. p. Clung (kiting),
Obs. Clong (klong) ; p. pr. Clinging.] To ad-
here ; to hang (to, upon, or together). — Cling'y
(-y), a. Apt to cling ; adhesive.

Clin'iC (klin'ik), Clin'iC-al (-T-kr/1), a. Pertain-
ing to a bed; bedridden. — Clin'iC, n. One con-
fined to the bed by sickness; medical or sur-
gical instruction to students at the bedside of

Clink (klink), v. t. & i. [Clinked (klinkt) ;
Clinking.] To make a small, sharp, ringing
sound. — n. A sharp, ringing sound. — Clink'-
er, n. Vitrified matter or slag in furnaces.

Clip (klTp), v. i. [Clipped (klipt) ; Clipping.]
To cut off ; to cut short ; to curtail. — v. i.
To move quickly. — n. A cutting ; shearing ;
amount cut off ; blow or stroke ; clasp or strap
holding parts together. — Clip' per, n. One
who, or a machine which, clips (coin, hair, etc.) ;
a fast sailing vessel. — Clip'ping, n. A cutting
off ; thing cut off.

HCllque (klek), n. A narrow circle of persons;
a party; a coterie. — v. i. To associate in a
clannish way ; to plot.

Cloak ( klok ), n. A loose outer garment ; a
disguise ; a pretext, —v. t. [Cloaked (klokt) ;
Cloaking.] To cover with a cloak ; to hide ; to
conceal ; to disguise.

Clock (klok), n. An instrument for measuring
time ; figured work on the side of a stocking. —
ClOCk'WOrk' (-wfirk'), n. Machinery and move-
ments of a clock, or regular as those of a clock.

Clod (klod), n. A lump of earth ; a dull, 6tupid
fellow. — v. i. To harden into a lump. — Clod'-
dy (-dy), a. Containing clod6 ; hard ; gross. —
Clod'hop'per (-h5r/per), n. A rude, rustic fel-
low ; a clown.

Cloff (klof ), n. An allowance in weighing. See
Clough.

Clog (kl5g), n. That which hinders motion ; ob-
struction ; impediment ; a kind of heavy shoe.
—v. t. [Clogged (kl5gd) ; Clogging.] To ob-
struct; to encumber, — v. i. To become encum-
bered ; to coalesce ; to adhere. — Clog'gy (-gy),
a. Apt to clog; adhesive. — Clog'gi-ness, ».

CloiS'ter (klois'ter), n. A monastery or nunnery.

— v. t. To confine in a cloister. — Clols'tral
(-trol), a. Pertaining to or confined in a clois-
ter ; claustral.

Cloke, n. See Cloak.

Close (kloz), v. t. [Closed (klozd) ; Closing.]
To stop ; to shut ; to conclude ; to inclose ; to
encompass; to confine. — v. i. To come to-
gether ; to unite or coalesce ; to end ; to ter-
minate.— (klos or kloz), A. Union of parts;
junction; conclusion; end; inclosed place ; espe-
cially, a small inclosed field or piece of land. —
(klos), a. Shut fast; tight ; confined; secret;
Stagnant ; without motion or ventilation ; reti-
cent ; taciturn ; niggardly ; dense ; solid ; near ;
strict ; accurate ; precise. — Close, Close'ly,
ad r. — Close'ness, a.

Clos'et (kio/'et), ii. A small pr.vate apart ment.

5, e, I, u, u, long ; a, *5, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senate, Sveut, idea, Obey, (inite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

CLOSURE

75

COAPTATION

— r. t. [Closeted ; Closeting.] To shut up in
privacy.

Glo'suie (klo'zhur), 72. Act of shutting; inclo-
aure; end; conclusion.

Clot(klot), n. A concretion ; coagulation, — v. i.
To coagulate ; to be formed into clots or clods ;
to become gross. — Clot'ty (-ty), a. Full of clots.

Cloth (kloth), n. Woven stuff of fibrous mate-
rial ; a profession, or the members of it, esp.
the clerical profession. — Clothe (kloth), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clothed (klothd), Clad (klad) ;
p. pr. Clothing.] To put garments upon ; to
furnish with raiment; to cover or invest, as
with a garment. — Cloth'ler (kloth. 'yer), n.
One who makes, sells, or fulls cloth. — Cloth'-
lng, n. Garments ; clothes ; dress ; covering.

— Clothes (klothz or kloz), to., pi. of Cloth.
Covering for the body or of a bed, etc. ; dress ;
attire; vesture; raiment; garb.

Clot'ty, a. See under Clot, ??.

Cloud (.kloud), n. A collection of visible vapor
in the air ; a dark mass (of smoke, men, in-
sects, etc.); obscurity. — v. t. To darken or
obscure; to stain in patches, — v. i. To grow
obscure. — Cloud'less, a. Without a cloud ;
unclouded. — Cloud'y (-y), a. Covered with
clouds ; obscure ; gloomy ; unintelligible. —
Cloud'i-ly, adv. — Cloud'i-ness, n.

GlOUgh (klilf), n. A narrow valley between hills.

C lough (kl5f), to. An allowance of 2 pounds per
100 in weighing, after deducting tare and tret.

Clout (klout), to. A patch ; rag ; swaddling cloth ;
the center of a target ; a flat-headed wrought-
iron rail. — v. t. To patch ; to mend ; to strike.

Clove (klov), to. A tree of the Molucca Isles, and
its flower bud, yielding a pungent spice.

ClO'ven (klo'v'n), p. p. from Cleave. Parted ;
split. — Clo'ven-foofed (-fdot'ed), or -hoofed'
(-hooff), a. Having the foot or hoof divided
into two parts, as the ox.

Clo'ver (klo'ver), to. A genus of three-leaved
plants ; trefoil.

Clown (kloun), n. A rustic ; a boor ; a churl ; a
buffoon. — Clown'ish, a. Coarse ; boorish. —
Clown'ish-ly, adv. — Clown'ish-ness, to.

Cloy (kloi), v. t. [Cloyed (kloid); Cloying.]
To glut ; to satiate ; to surfeit ; to disgust.

Club (klQb), n. A heavy stick or staff ; a playing
c ird of the suit marked with a figure supposed to
represent a club ; an association of persons for
social or other purposes. — v. t. & i. [Clubbed
(klub'l) ; Clubbing.] To beat with a club; to
join (in meeting a common expense or promot-
ing a common end).

ClUD'foot/ (klut/fdot/), n. A short, deformed foot.
— Club'fOOt'ed, a. Having deformed feet.

Cluck (kffik), v. i. & t. To call, like a brooding
hen. —n. A hen's call to her chicks.

Clue (klu), n. A ball of thread ; a guide ; a clew.

Clum'ber (klmn'oer), n. A stout, short-legged
field sp

Coach

,n iel
which hunts si-
lently.
Clump ( k 1 u in p ),
n. A shapeless
mass ; cluster. —
>\ t. To group ;
to cluster. — /■. i.
To tread hi av-
i 1 y . — Clump'y,

a. Shapeless.

9p

Clum'sy (klSm'zy), a. [Clumsd3r; Clumsie9T.]
Without grace ; awkward ; uncouth. — Clum'-
si-ly, adv. — Clum'si-ness, ».

Clung (klunt;), imp. S: j>.p. of Cling.

ClUS'ter (klus'ter), n. A collection ; a bunch. —
v. i. & t. [Clustebed (-terd) ; Clustering.] To
collect into a close body. — Clus'ter-y, a. Grow-
ing in, or full of, clusters.

Clutch (kluch), n. A gripe; seizure; grasp; pi.
hands ; claws ; rapacity ; cruelty. — V. t. & i.
[Clutched (klucht) ; Clutching.] To catch ;
to snatch ; to clinch.

Clut'ter (klut'ter), n. A confused collection ; con-
fusion; disorder. — v. t. [Cluttered (-terd);
Cluttering.] To crowd together in disorder ;
to litter. — v. i. To make a bustle.

Clys'ter (klis'ter), n. An injection.

Coach (koch), n. A large, close four-wheeled
carriage; a tu-
tor ; a trainer. —
v.t. [Coached
(kocht) ; Coach-
ing.] To convey
in a coach ; to in-
struct ; to prepare
for examination.

— Coach'man
(-man), n. The
driver of a carriage.

Co-ac'tion (ko-ak'shun), n. Force ; compulsion.

— Co-ac'tlve (ko-ak'tiv), a. Acting together ;
serving to compel.

Co-ad'jU-tant (ko-5drju-tant), a. Mutually assist-
ing or operating. — Co'ad-ju'tor (ko'5d-ju'ter),
7i. One who aids another ; au assistant ; an asso-
ciate ; a colleague. — Co/ad-JU'trlX (-triks), to.
A female assistant.

Co-a'gent (ko-a'jent), to. An assistant ; a coworker.

Co-ag'u-late (ko-5g'u-l£t), v. t. & i. To change
into a curdlike state ; to curdle. — Co-ag'u-la-ble
(-la-b'l), a. Capable of coagulating. — Co-ag'U-
la'tlon (-la'shun), n. Process of curdling. —
Co-ag'U-la-tive (-la-tiv), a. Having power to
cause coagulation. — Co-ag'U-la'tor (-la'ter), n.
That which causes coagulation. — Co-ag'U-lum
(-lum), to. A coagulated mass, as curd ; rennet.

Coal (kol), n. Wood charred, or partially burnt ;
a black, combustible mineral substance. — v. t.
& i. [Coaled (kold) ; Coaling.] To fill with
coal. — Coal'er-y (-er-^), to. A place where coal
is dug ; a colliery. — Coal'y, a. Like or contain-
ing coal ; black. — Coal'plV (-plt')» n. A place
where coal is dug, or charcoal made. — Coal gas.
Carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous
coal, and used for heating, lighting, etc. — Coal
heaver. One who carries and loads coal. —
Coal Oil. Petroleum. — Coal tar. A thick, black
liquid, yielded by distilling bituminous coal.

Co'a-lesce' (ko-'a-lgs'), v. it [Coalesced (-lest') ;
Coalescing (-leVsTng).] To grow together;
to unite. — Co'a-les'cence (-leVsens), n. Act oi
coalescing; union. — Co'a-les'cent (-sent), a.
Growing together ; uniting.

Co'a-li'tion (ko'a-llsh'un), n. Union in a body
or mass ; temporary combination of persona,
parties, or states having different interests ; al-
liance ; league ; conjunction ; conspiracy.

Coam'ingS (kom'Tngz), n. pi. The raised rim of
a .ship's hatches. [Written also combings.~\

Co'ap-ta'tion (ko'Sp-ta'shQn), n. Adaptation of
parts to each other.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, iuu, uru, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tbin.

COARSE

76

CODLING

Coarse (kors), a. Large ; gross ; rude ; rough ;

unrefined ; indelicate ; vulgar. — Coarse ' ly,

adv. — Coarseness, n.
Coast (kost), n. Land next to the sea ; seashore.

— v. i. To sail along the shore ; to slide down
hill on a sled. — Coast'er, n. A man or vessel
employed in commerce along the coast.

Coat (kot), n. A man's outer garment ; fur or
hair of a beast; external covering; tegument.

— v. t. To cover with a coat or with layers. —
Coat'ing, n. A covering ; outside layer ; cloth
for coats. — Coat armor. Coats of arms ; ar-
morial ensigns. — Coat card. A card bearing
a coated figure, viz., the king, queen, or knave.

Coax (koks), v. t. [Coaxed (kokst) ; Coaxing.]
To persuade by flattery ; to wheedle ; to entice.

— Coax'er, n.

Cob (kob), n. The top or head ; a spike of maize ;

a pony.
Co'balt (ko'bolt), n. A tough, reddish-gray min-
eral.
Cob'ble (kob'b'l), Cobble-stone' (-ston'), n. A

large pebble or rounded stone.
Cob'ble (kob'b'l), v. t. [Cobbled (-b'ld) ; Cob-
bling.] To make or mend coarsely ; to patch ;

to botch. — Cob'bler, n. A mender of shoes ;

a clumsy workman ; a mixed drink.
Cob'nut' (kob'nihV), n. A large kind of hazel

nut ; a child's game played with nuts.
llCo'bra de ca-pel'lo (ko'bra da ka-p61'l6). The

hooded snake, a venomous

reptile of the East Indies.
Cob'web'(kob'web'), n. A

spider's web or net ; a

snare; rubbish.
Co'ca (ko'ka), n. The dried

leaf of a South American

shrub. — Co'ca-ine (ko'ka-

Tn), n. An alkaloid obtained

from coca leaves, which pro-
duces local insensibility to

pain.
Coc-cif 'er-ous (k5k - sTf ' er -

us), a. Bearing or produ-
cing berries.
llCoc'cyx (kSk'sTks), n. ; pi.

Coccyges ( kSk-si'jez ). A

bone at the base of the spine.
Coch/i-neal (k5ch'T-nel), n. A red dyestuff, con-
sisting of dried bodies of a Mexican insect.
Coch'le-a-ry (k5k Me - a - ry), Coch'le-ate (-at),

Coch'le-a'ted (-a'tSd), a. Shaped like a snail

shell ; spiral ; turbinated.
Cock (k5k), n. The male of birds ; a faucet or

valve ; a vane or weathercock.
Cock (k5k), n. A pile of hay ; a stack. — v. t.

[Cocked (kokt); Cocking.] To arrange (hay,

etc.) in cocks.
Cock (k5k), n. A turning or setting up (the eye,

hat, etc.) ; thing set up. — v. t. To set erect ;

to turn up.
Cock (k5k), n. Tlie hammer of a gunlock. —

v. t. To draw back (the hammer of), in order

to fire.
Cock-ade' (k5k-ad'), n. A knot of ribbons worn

on the hat.
Cock'a-tOO' (kSk'a-too'), n. A bird of the parrot

kind.
Cock'a-trice (k5k'a-tris), n. The basilisk, a fab-
ulous serpent.
Cock'boat' (kok'bof), n. A ship's small boat.

Cobra.

Cocker.

Cock'crow' (kSk'kro'), Cock'crow'ing, n. The

time at which cocks first crow ; early morning.

Cock'er (k5k'er), v. t. [Cockered (-erd) ; Cock-
ering.] To fondle ; to indulge ; to pamper.

Cock'er (kok'er), n. One who follows cock-fight-
ing ; a dog of the spaniel
kind.

Cock'er-el (kok'er-gi), n.
A young cock.

Cock'et (kok'et), n. A cus-
tomhouse certificate that
goods have paid duty.

Cock'horse7 (kok'h&W), n.
A child's rocking-horse.

Coc'kle (kok'k'l), n. An ed-
ible bivalve shellfish. —
Coc'kle-shell' (-sheF), n.
One of the shells or valves
of a cockle ; a light boat.

Coc'kle (kok'k'l), n. The corn rose, a weed grow-
ing among grain ; also, the darnel.

Coc'kle (kok'k'l), v. i. To take the form of
wrinkles or ridges.

Cock'ney (kok'ny), n. ; pi. Cockneys (-niz). A
native of London.

Cock'pit' (kok'pTtO, n. An area where game-
cocks fight ; a room under a ship's gun deck.

Cock'roach' (kok'roch/), n. An insect infesting
houses and ships.

Cocks'comb' (koks'kom'), n. A caruncle or comb
of a cock ; a plant bearing broad spikes of bright
colors ; a fop or coxcomb.

Cock's wain (kok'swan, col-
log. kSk's'n), n. A steers-
man of a boat.

Co'coa (ko'ko), n. A prep-
aration made from seeds of
the chocolate tree ; a bever-
age made from it.

Co'coa, Co'coa palm' (ko'-
ko pam ' ), n. A tropical
palm tree. — Co'coa-nut
(-nut'), n. The large nut of
this tree, containing milky
liquid and a white edible
meat, yielding_oil.

Co-COOn' (ko-koon'), n. A
silken case spun by the silk-
worm before leaving its
larval state; a case made
by other insects and worms Cocoa Palm,
to protect their eggs. —
Co-COOn'er-y (-er-y), n. A place for silkworms,
when feeding and forming cocoons.

Coc'tlon (kok'shQn), ». The act of boiling.

Cod (k5d), n. A husk ; a pod ; a bag.

Cod (k5d), n. A food fish of the northern seas=.

Cod'dle (k5d'd'l), v. t. To parboil ; to treat ten-
derly ; to pamper.

Code (kod), n. A collection, system, or digest of
laws.

HCo'dex (ko'dSks), n. ; pi. Codices (k5d'T-sez).
A manuscript ; a book ; a code.

Codg'er (kBj'er), n. A miser ; a curmudgeon ; a
singular or odd old person.

Cod'i-Cll (k5d'T-sTl), n. A supplement to a will.

Co'di-ty (ko'dl-fi or k5d'T-fi), v. t. To reduce
(laws) to a code or digest. — Co'di-fi-ca'tlon, n.
The act of codifying.

Cod'Un (k5d'lYn), Cod'ling (-IT11-), »• An im-
mature apple ; a cooking apple.

Ji, o, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, a, y» short ; flenftte, fivent, Idea, 6bey, finite, c4re, iirm, sisk, all, final,

COEFFICIENT

77

COLESLAW

CCef-fl'cient (ko'ef-fish'ent), a. Cooperating ;
acting in union to the same end. — n. That
which unites in action with something else ; in
mathematics, a known quantity put before quali-
ties, known or unknown, to show how many
times they are to be taken. — Co/ef-ffcien-cy
(-flsh'en-sy), n. Joint efficiency ; cooperation.

Cce'li-ac (se'lT-Sk), Ce-li-ac, a. Pertaining to the
belly or intestinal canal.

Co-e'qual (ko-e'kwal), a. Equal with another. —
n. One who is equal. — CCe-qual'l-ty (ko'e-
kw51'T-ty), n. State of being coequal.

Co-erce7 (ko-ers'), v. t. [Coerced (-erst') ; Co-
ercing (-er'sing).] To restrain by force ; to
constrain ; to repress ; to compel. — Co-er'ci-ble
(-er'sT-b'l), a. Capable of being coerced. — Co-
er'cion (-shun), n. Compulsion ; restraint. —
Co-er'cive (-er'sTv), a. Compelling ; forcing.

Co'es-sen'tial (ko'es-sgn'shal), a. Partaking of
the same essence.

Co'e-ta'ne-OUS (ko'e-ta'ne-us), a. Of the same age.

Co/e-ter'nal (ko'e-ter'nal), a. Equally eternal.

— Co'e-ter'ni-ty (-ni-ty), n. Equal eternity
with another.

Co-e'val (ko-e'val), a. Of the same age. — n.

One of equal age with another ; a contemporary.

Co'ex-isf (ko'Sgz-Tsf), v. i. To exist together.

— Co'ex-ist'ence (-ens), a. Existence at the
same time with another. — CCex-ist'ent (-ent),
a. Existing at the same time.

Co'ex-tend' ( ko ' gks - tend ' ), v. t. To extend
through the same space with another. — - Co'-
ex-ten'sion (-ten'shun), n. Joint extension. —
Co'ex-ten'slve (-siv), a. Equally extensive.

Coffee (kof'fe), n. The kernel of the berry of a
tropical tree ; a bev-
erage decocted from
it. - Coffee-house'
(-hous'), n. A house of
entertainment. — Gof -
fee-pof (-pot'), n. A
covered pot in which
coffee is boiled or is
served.

Coffer (kSf'fer), n. A
chest, esp. one for
money ; a panel ; a cais-
son. — v. t. To put
into, or furnish with,
coffers.— Coffer-dam'
(-dam'), n. An inclo-
sure in the bed of a
river, etc., to exclude Coffee,

water during the construction of piers, etc.

Coffin (kof'fin), n. The case inclosing a body
for burial ; the hollow part of a horse's hoof. —
?•. t. To inclose in a coffin.

Cog (kog), v. t. & i. [Cogged (kogd) ; Cogging.]
To wheedle ; to deceive ; to cheat. — n. A trick ;
deception ; falsehood.

Cog (kog), n. A tooth on a wheel for transmit-
ting motion ; a tenon. — v. t. To furnish with
cogs. — Cog'wheel' (-hweP), »• A wheel with
cogs for transmitting motion ; a gear wheel.

Cog (kog), Cog'gle (kog'g'l), n. A fishing boat.

Co'gent (ko'jeiit), a. Having great force ; ur-
gent ; convincing ; resistless. — Co'gent-ly, adv.

— Co'gen-cy (-jen-s^), n. Strength ; force.
Cog'i-tate (koj'T-tat), v. i. To reflect ; to medi-
tate. — v. t. To plan; to consider. — Cog'i-ta-
ble (-ta-b'l), a. Capable of being thought upon ;

conceivable. — Cog ' 1 - ta ' tion (-ta'shQn), n.
Thought ; meditation. — Cog'i-ta'tive (-ta'tT v),
a. Able to think ; contemplative.

Co'gnaC (ko'nyak'), n. A kind of French brandy.

Cog'nate (kog'nat), a. Born together ; allied
by blood, birth, origin, etc. ; akin. — n. One of
a number of related things. — Cog-na'tion (-na'-
shun), n. Kindred ; relationship.

Cog'nize (kog'nlz), v. t. [Cognized (-nlzd) ; Cog-
nizing.] To know ; to perceive ; to recognize. —
Cog-ni'tion (-nish'un), n. Act of knowing;
thing known ; knowledge ; apprehension. —
Cog'ni-tive (-nT-tiv), a. Knowing; apprehend-
ing. — Cog'ni-zant (kog'nl-zant or kon'T-), a.
Having knowledge ; aware. — Cog ' Hi - zanCG
(-zans), n. Knowledge ; jurisdiction ; badge.

Cog-no'men (kog-no'men), n. A family name ;
a surname. — Cog-nom'i-nal (-nom't-nal), a.
Pertaining to a surname.

Cog'wheel', n. See under Cog, a tooth.

Co-hab'it (ko-hab'Tt), v. i. To live together as
man and wife. — Co-hab/i-ta'tion (-I-ta'shun),
n. A living together.

Co-heir' (ko-aV), n. A joint heir. — Co-heir'ess
(-Sr'es), n. A joint heiress.

Co-here' (ko-her'), v. i. [Cohered (-herd') ; Co-
hering.] To stick together ; to unite ; to ad-
here ; to suit ; to fit. — Co-her'ent (-her'ent), a.
Sticking together ; consistent. — Co-her'ent-ly,
adv. — Co-her'ence (-ens), Co-her'en-cy (-en-
s^), n. A sticking together ; consistency.

Co-he'sion (ko-he'zhun), n. The act of sticking
together; union. — Co-he'sive (-siv), a. Hav-
ing power of cohering. — Co-he'sive-ness, n.

Co'hort (ko'hSrt), n. A body of soldiers.

Coif (koif), n. A headdress ; cap. — v. t. To cover
with a coif. — Coiffure (koif 'fur), n. A head-
dress.

Coil (koil), v. t. [Coiled (koild) ; Coiling.] To
wind in rings, as a rope. — n. A ring into which
a rope is wound ; a circle ; a convolution.

Coin (koin), n. A piece of metal stamped as
money, —v.t. [Coined (koind) ; Coining.] To
make (metal) into money by stamping it; to
mint ; to fabricate ; to invent. — Coin'age (-aj),
n. The act, art, or cost of coining ; invention ;
fabrication. — Coin'er, n.

Co'in-Cide' (ko'Tn-sid'), v. i. To agree ; to concur ;
to correspond ; to be consistent or identical. —
Co-in'Cl-flent (ko-Tn'sT-dent), a. Agreeing ; cor-
responding. — Co-ln'ci-dence (-dens), n. Agree-
ment ; concurrence of events at the same time.

Coir (koir), n. Fiber of cocoanut husks, used for
cordage, matting, etc.

Co-i'tlon (ko-Tsh'un), n. Sexual intercourse ; cop-
ulation.

Coke (kok), n. Mineral coal charred. — v . t. To
convert into coke.

Col'chl-CUm (k51'kT-kum),
n. Saffron, a plant ; a
medicinal preparation
from the roots or seeds of
saffron.

Col'an-der (kul'an-der), n.

A perforated vessel for straining liquors.

Cold (kold), a. Without warmth ; frigid ; chill ;
reserved. — n. Absence of heat ; chilliness ; ca-
tarrh. — Cold'ly, adv. — Cold'ness, n. - Cold
chisel. A hard chisel for cutting cold metal.

Cole (kol), n. A plant of the Cabbage family ; —

I called also rape, and coleseed. — Cole ' slaw'

Colander.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, ri}de, full, <irn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

COLEWORT

78

COLORADO BEETLE

(-sla/), n. A salad made of sliced cabbage. —
Cole' wort' (-wfirf), n. A cabbage cut before
the head has become firm, or of a kind which
does not form a compact head.

UCo'le-Op'te-ra (ko'le-Sp'te-ra), n. pi. An order
of insects having horny wing cases. — Co'le-op'-
ter-al (-al), Co'le-op'ter-ous (-us), a. Having
sheathed wings.

Col'ic (kol'Tk), n. Pain in the bowels. — Col'-
ick-y (-Tk-y), a. Pertaining to colic.

Col-lapse' (kol-laps'), v. i. [Collapsed (-lapsf) ;
Collapsing.] To fall together suddenly ; to
shrink up. — n. A sudden falling together ; com-
plete prostration. — Col-lap'sion (-lap'shun), n.
State of shrinking up.

Col'lar (kol'ler), n. Something worn round the
neck ; a band ; a ring. — v. t. [Collared (-lerd) ;
Collaring.] To put a collar on ; to seize by the
collar.

Col-late' (kol-laf), v. t. To compare ; to place in
order. — Col-la'tor (-la'ter), n.

Col-lat'er-al (kol-lat'er-«l), a. On the side of;
indirect. — Col-lat'er-al-ly, adv.

Col-la'tioil (kol-la'shun), n. A comparing or be-
stowing ; a repast or lunch.

Col'league (kol'leg), n. One united with another ;
a partner ; an associate.

Col-lect' (kol-lekf), v. t. To gather or bring to-
gether ; to infer as a consequence. — v. i. To
be assembled together ; to accumulate ; to in-
fer; to conclude. — Col'lect (kol'lekt), n. A
short, comprehensive prayer. — Col-lect'ed
(-lekt'gd), a. Not disconcerted ; cool; composed.
— Col-lect'ed-ness, n. — Col-lect'or (-lek'ter),
n. One who collects ; a receiver of taxes, duties,
etc. — Col-lect'or-sbip, Col-lect'or-ate (-St), n.
Office or jurisdiction of a collector. — Col-lect'-
1-ble (-T-b'l), a. Capable of being collected. —
Col-lec'tlon (-lgk'shiin), n. The act of collect-
ing; thing gathered ; contribution ; assemblage ;
group ; meeting ; mass j selection. — Col-lect'-
ive (-tTv), a. Formed by gathering ; inferring ;
comprehending many. — Col-lect'ive-ly, adv.
In a mass, or body ; unitedly.

Col'lege (k51'16j), n. An assemblage or society ;
a learned body ; a seminary of learning. — Col-le'-
gl-al (kol-le'jT-al), Col-le'gi-ate (-at), a. Per-
taining to, or resembling, a college. — n. A
member of a college. — Col-le'gi-an (-jT-an), n.
A collegiate.

Col'let (kol'ISt), n. A small band or ring ; part
of a ring in which a gem is set.

Col-llde' (k51-lid'), v. i. To strike or dash to-
gether.

Col'lie (kol'ly), Col'ly, Col'ley, n. The Scotch
shepherd dog.

Collie.

Col'lier (kol'yer), n. A digger of coal ; a dealer
in coal ; a vessel employed in the coal trade. —
Col'lier-y (-y), n. ; pi. Collieries (-ez). A place
where coal is dug ; the coal trade.

Col-li'Sion (kol-lizh'iro), n. A colliding or strik-
ing together ; a state of opposition ; a clash ;
antagonism.

Col'lO-cate (kollo-kat), v. t. To set or place ; to
station. — Col'lo-ca'tion (-ka'shiin), n. Act of
placing; disposition; arrangement.

Col-lO'di-on (kol-lo'di-ou), n. An adhesive solu-
tion of gun cotton in ether, used in photogra-
phy and to close up wounds.

Col'lop (kol'lup), n. A small slice or piece.

Col'lO-quy (kol'16-kwy), n. Mutual discourse of
two or more persons ; dialogue ; conference. —
Col-lo'qul-al (-lo'kwi-fll), a. Pertaining to, or
used in, conversation; conversational ; informal.

— Col-lo'qui-al-ly, adv. — Col-lo'qui-al -ism
(-Tz'm), n. An expression used in free conversa-
tion, but not in formal discourse or writing. —
Col'lo-quist (-16-kwist), n. A speaker in a di-
alogue.

Col-lude' (kol-lud'), v. i. To conspire in a fraud ;
to act hi concert. — Col-lud'er, n. — Col-lu'sion
(-lu'zhun), n. Secret agreement and coopera-
tion for a fraudulent purpose ; deceit ; conniv-
ance. — Col-lu'sive (-slv), a. Fraudulently con-
certed ; deceitful. — Col-lu'sive-ly, adv. — Col-
lU'sive-ness,n.— Col-lu'SO-ry(-s6-ry), a. Char-
acterized by collusion ; collusive.

Co-lOgne7 (ko-lon'), n. Perfumed alcoholic liquid
used in the toilet.

Co'Ion (ko'lon), n. The largest of the large in-
testines ; a character used in punctuation [:],
marking a pause greater than a semicolon, and
less than a period.

ColO'nel (kftr'nel), n. The commander of a regi-
ment. — Colo ' nel - cy (sy), Colo 'nel- ship
(-ship), n. The office, rank, or commission of
a colonel.

Co-lo'ni-al, etc. See under Colony, n.

Colon-nade' (kol'on-nad'), n. A row or range of
columns.

Col'0-ny (k51'6-ny), n. A company of people trans-
planted to a remote country, and subject to the
parent state ; a country planted or colonized. —
Co-lo'ni-al (ko-lo'm-al), a. Pertaining to a col-
ony. — Col'O-nlst (k51'o-mst), n. A member or
inhabitant of a colony. — Col'O-nize (-nil), v. t.
To establish a colony in ; to people by colonies.

— v. i. To settle in a strange country. — CoFo-
ni-za'tiOIl (-ni-za'shun), n. A colonizing, or
state of being colonized ; formation of colonies ;
a populating by means of colonies.

Col'or (kul'er), n. A property of light ; hue ;
tint; paint or pigment; false show; pretense;
pi. a banner ; dag ; ensign. — v. t. [Colored
(-erd); Coloring.] To tint; to dye; to Etain;
to make plausible. — v. i. To blush. — Col'-
ored (-erd), a. Having color ; dyed or .stained ;
of some color other than black or white ; negro.

— Col'or-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Designed to cover
or conceal ; specious ; plausible ; ostensible. —

Col'or-a-ble-ness, — Col'or- ably, adv.—
Col'or-ist, n. A painter who excels in giving
color to his designs. — Col'or-leSS, <>■ Destitute

of color ; transparent.
CoFo-ra'do bee'tle (k5l'6-ra'd6 be't'l). A yel-
lowish beetle, destructive to the potato plant;
the potato bug.

&, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 6, H, y, short ; senate, event, idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

COLOSSUS

79

COMMENCEMENT

A gigantic statue. —

Co-los'sus (ko-los'sus)

Co - los ' sal

(-sol), a. Gi-
gantic.
Colt (kolt), n.

The young of

the horse. —

Colt ' ish, a.

Like a colt;

frisky ; wan-
ton.
Col'ter (kol'-

fcer), Coul'ter,

n. The sharp

fore iron of a

plow, to cut

the sod.

Col ' u - brine

(kol ' u-brln),
a. Relating
to serpents ;
cunning ; art-
ful.

Col'um-ba-ry

(kol'Qm-ba-ry), n. A dovecot ; a pigeon house.

Co-lum'bi-ad (ko-lum'bT-ad), n. A heavy can-
non.

Col'um-bine (kol'um-bin), n. A flowering plant
of several species ; the sweetheart of Harlequin
in pantomimes.

Col'umn (kol'um), n. A cylindrical support for
a roof, ceiling, etc. ; a pillar ; a body of troops
drawn up in files ; a perpendicular set of lines in
a book or newspaper. — Co-lum'nar (ko-liim'-
ner), a. Having the form of columns.

Co-lure' (ko-lur'), n. One of two great circles in-
tersecting at right angles in the poles of the
equator.

Col'za (kSl'za), n. A cabbage whose seeds afford
an oil used in lighting and lubricating.

llCo'ma (ko'ma), n. Propensity to sleep; leth-
argy. — Co'ma-tose' (ko'ma-tos' or kom'a-),
Co'ma-tOUS (-tus), a. Lethargic ; drowsy.

I Co'ma (ko'ma), n. The envelope of a comet. —
Co'mate (-mat), a. Hairy ; bushy.

Comb (kom), n. A toothed implement for cleans-
ing or adjusting hair, wool, flax, etc. ; the crest
of a cock, also of a wave ; the waxen frame-
work of the cells in which bees store honey, etc.
— v. t. [Combed (komd) ; Combing.] To dis-
entangle, cleanse, or adjust (hair, etc.), with a
comb. — v. i. To roll over, or break in foam, as
waves. — Comb'er, n. — Comb'ing, n. Act or
process of using a comb ; pi. hair, etc. , collected
by a comb; coamings, or borders of a ship's
hatches.

Com'bat (k5m'b5t or kum'-), v. i. [Combated ;
Combating.] To struggle; to contend. — ??, t.
To tight with ; to oppose ; to contest ; to resist.

— n. A battle ; conflict ; encounter; strife. —
Com'bat-ant (-rmt), a. Contending ; disposed
to contend. — n. One who engages in combat.

— Com'bat-ive (k5m'bat-Tv or kom-bat'-), a.
Pugnacious. — Com'bat-ive-ness, n.

Com-bine' (kom -bin'), v. t. & i. [Combined
(-bind') ; Combining.] To unite ; to join ; to
agree. — Com'bi-na'tion (kom'bT-na'shiin), n.
Union ; association ; alliance ; conspiracy ; ca-
bal. — Com-bin'ed-ly (-bin'gd-ly), adv. Jointly.

Com-bus'ti-ble (k5m-bus'tT-b'l), a. Capable of
taking fire and burning ; inflammable ; quick ;

Comet.

irascible, — n. A substance that will burn. —
Com-bus'ti-ble-ness, Com-bus'ti-bil'i-ty (-ti-
bTl'T-ty), n. — Com-bus'tion (-bus'chuu), n. A
burning; a conflagration.

Come (kum), v. i. {imp. Came (karn) ; p. p. Come
(kum) ; p. pr. Coming.] To move toward ; to
approach ; to draw near. — Com'er, n.

Com'e-dy (kom'e-dy), n. An amusing drama. —
Co-me'di-an (ko-me'dT-an), n. An actor in com-
edy ; a writer of comedy.

Come'ly (kum'ly), a. Handsome ; graceful ; well-
proportioned.— adv. In a becoming manner.
— Come'li-ness, n.

Co-mes'ti-ble (ko-mes'tT-b'l), a. Eatable; escu-
lent.— n. pi. Eatables; food.

Com'et (kom'et), n. A member of the solar system,
with luminous train and
eccentric orbit. — Com'-
et-a-ry (-a-ry), Co-met'-
ic (ko-met'ik), a. Per-
taining to comets.

Com'f it (kuru'f Tt), Com'-
fi-ture (-fl-tfir), n. A
dry sweetmeat.

Com'fort (kuni'fert), v. t.
To cheer under affliction
or depression ; to solace ;
to console ; to encour-
age ; to strengthen. — n.

Relief from pain ; ease ; consolation ; quiet en-
joyment ; cheer. — Com'fort-er, n. — Com'f ort-
a-ble, (i. Affording or enjoying comfort, — n.
A bedquilt. — Com'f ort-a-bly, (i dv. — Com'f ort-
a-ble - ness, n. — Com ' fort - less, a. Without
comfort ; miserable ; forlorn.

Com'frey (kum'fry), n. A medicinal plant.

Com'iC (koni'Tk), Com'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Relating
to comedy ; droll ; laughable ; ridiculous. —
Com'ic-al-ly, adv. — Com'ic-al-ness, Com'i-
cal'i-ty (-k51'i-ty), n. The quality of being
comical ; something funny.

Com'ing (kumTng), a. Approaching; future;
the next. — n. Approach ; advent ; arrival.

Com'i-ty (kom'I-ty), n. Courtesy of intercourse ;
civility ; good breeding.

Com'ma (kom'ma), n. A character [,] marking
the smallest division of a sentence.

Com-mand' (k5m-mand'), v. t. To order ; to di-
rect; to govern; to claim. — v. i. To have su-
preme authority. — n. An order ; injunction;
sway ; naval or military force under an officer. —
Com man-dant' (-man-danf), n. Commanding
officer. — Com-mand'er (-mand'er), n. A chief ;
a leader ; a naval officer next below a captain. —
Com-mand'er-y (-er-y), Com-mand'ry (-ry), n.

District attached to a manor ; preceptory ot an
order of knights. — Com-mand'ing, a, "Fitted
to impress or control ; authoritative ; imperious.

Com-mand'ment (kom-mand'ment), n. An order ;
an injunction ; a charge ; a precept ; one of the
ten laws given by God at Mount Sinai.

Com-meas'ur-a-ble (kom-mgzh'ur-a-b'l). n. Re-
ducible to the same measure ; commensurate.

Com-mem'O-rate (kom-mgm'o-rat), v. t. To cele-
brate by a solemn act. — Com-mem'o-ra'tion
(-ra'shun), n. Celebration. — Com-mem'o-ra-
tive (-mSm'o-ra-tTv), Com-mern'o-ra-to-ry
(-to-ry), a. Serving to commemorate.

Com-mence' (kom-m6ns'). v. i. & t. [Commenced
(-mgnsf) ; Commencing.] To begin; to orig-
inate. — Com-mence'ment (-ment), n. First

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

COMMEND

80

COMMUNISTIC

existence of anything ; rise ; origin ; beginning ;
the day when degrees are conferred by colleges.
Commend' (koui-ni8nd/), v. t. To praise ; to rec-
ommend. — Com-mend'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Laud-
able ; praiseworthy. — Com-mend'a-ble-ness, «.

— Com-mend'a-bly, adv. — Com men -da'tion
(-meu-da'shun), n. Praise ; approbation ; lau-
dation. — Com-mend'a-to-ry ( -mend'a-t6-ry ),
a. Serving to commend.

Com-men'su-rate (kom-men'shu-rat), a. Having
a common measure ; equal in measure or ex-
tent ; proportional.— Com-men'su-rate-ly, adv.

— Com-men'su-ra'tion (-ra'shuu), n. The state
of being commensurate ; reduction to a com-
mon measure. — Com-men'su-ra-ble (-ra-b'l),
a. Having a common measure. — Com-men'-
su-ra-bil'i-ty (-ra-bli'Y-ty), Com-men'su-ra-
ble-ness, ». — Com-men'su-ra-bly, adv.

Com'ment (kom'ment), v. i. To explain by re-
marks, observations, or criticisms. — n. An
explanatory remark or criticism ; an observa-
tion ; a stricture ; an explanation.

Com'men-ta-ry (-men-ta-ry), n. Annotation ; ex-
planation ; memoir of particular transactions.

— Com'men-ta'tor (-ta'ter), Com'ment'er
(koni'mgnt'er), n. One who comments.

Com'merce (kom'mers), n. Interchange of com-
modities ; trade ; traffic ; personal intercourse.

— Com-mer'cial (-mer'shal), a. Pertaining to,
or engaged in, commerce; mercantile. — Com-

mer'cial-ly, adv.

Com mi-na'tion (kom/mY-na'shun), n. Threat;
denunciation. — Com-min'a-tO-ry ( - min ' a - 1 o-
rj), a. Threatening.

Com-min'gle (k5m-mYn'g'l), v. I. & i. To mix ;
to mingle ; to unite ; to blend.

Com'mi-nute (kom'mY-nut), v. i. To reduce to
minute particles ; to pulverize ; to grind. —
Com'mi-nu'tion (-nu'shun), n. Pulverization.

Com-mis'er-ate (kom-miz'er-at), V. t. To feel sor-
row, pain, or regret for ; to pity ; to lament ; to
condole. — Com-mis'er-a'tion (-a'shiin), n.
Pity ; sympathy ; condolence. — Com-mis'er-a-
tlve (-mYz'er-a-tYv), a. Feeling or expressing
commiseration. — Com-mis'er-a'tor (-a'ter), n.

Com'mis-sa-ry (k5m'niYs-sa-r^), n. A deputy ; a
commissioner ; a military officer having charge
of a special department, especially that of sub-
sistence. — Com'mis-sa'ri-at (-sa'ri-5t), n. The
organized system of food supply for armies, etc. ;
a body of officers charged with this service.

Com-mis'slon (kSm-mYsh'un), n. The act of com-
mitting, doing, or perpetrating ; charge ; trust ;
body of persons intrusted with the exercise of
some duty ; warrant ; authority ; thing to be
done as agent for another ; compensation to a
factor or agent.—?', t. To give a commission
to ; to authorize ; to empower ; to depute. —
Com-mis'sion-er, v. One empowered to act. —
llCom-mis'sion-naire'C-mYsh'un-ar' ; F. k6-me'-
KYo-i.i'ir'), n. An agent or factor; a guide or
messenger.

Com'mls-sure (kom'inY-shur or k5m-mYsh'ur), n.
A joint, seam, or line of junction.

Com-mit' (k5m-mYt'), *>• '• [Committed ; Com-
mitting.] To give in trust; to do ; to perforin ;
to consign; to pledge. — Com-mit'ment, n. Act
of committing, esp. to prison. — Com-mit'tal
(-t<7l), n. Act of committing ; a pledge.

Com-mlt'tee (kSm-mYt'tc), v. A body of persons
appointed to attend to any business.

Com-mix' (kSm-mYks'). v. t. & i. To mix ; to min-
gle; to blend. — Com-mix'ion (-mYk'sbun), n.
Mixture. — Com-mix'ture (-mYks'chur), n. Act
of mixing ; a mixed mass ; a compound.

Com-mode' (kom-inod'), n. An article of furniture.

Com-mo'di-ous (kom - mo ' dY - us), a. Affording
ease and convenience ; comfortable. — Com-
mo'di-ous-ly, adv. — Com-mo'di-ous-ness, n.

Com-mod'i-ty (koni-m5d'Y-ty), n. Interest; ad-
vantage ; an article of merchandise.

Com'mo-dore/ (kom'mo-dor'), n. The commander
of a squadron.

Com/mon (kom'miin), a. Belonging to many ; gen-
eral ; frequent ; usual ; public ; vulgar ; mean.

— n. A tract of ground uninclosed or belonging
to the public. — v. I. To use together ; to board
together. — Com'mons (-mfinz), n. pi. Com-
mon people ; the lower house of the British par-
liament ; food at a common table ; fare. — Com'-
mon-er, n. One not noble. — Com'mon-age
(-aj), n. Right of pasturing on a common, or
of using anything in common with others. —
Com/mon-al-ty (,-al-ty), n. The common people ;
the mass of the public. — Com'mon-ly, adv.
Usually ; generally. — Com ' mon - ness, n. —
Com/mon-place7 ( kom'inun-plas' ), a. Com-
mon ; hackneyed ; ordinary. — n. A trite re-
mark ; a platitude.

Com 'mon- weal' (k5m'mQn-wel'), Com'mon-
wealth7 (-wglth'), n. Public government;
state ; body politic.

Com-mo'tiori (k5m-mo'shun), n. Violent motion ;
agitation ; tumult.

Com-mune' (kom-munM, v. i. [Communed
( - mund ' ) ; Communing. J To converse famil-
iarly ; to confer ; to receive the communion ; to
partake of the Lord's supper. — Com-mu'ni-
cant (-mu'nY-kant), n. One who partakes of
the Lord's supper.

Com'mune (kom'mun), n. A small territorial
district in France, its people, or its govern-
ment.— Com'mu-nal, a. Pertaining to a com-
mune. — Com'mu-nal-ism, n. A French politi-
cal doctrine that each commune forms a state,
largely independent of the national government.

— Com' mu-nal-lst, It. An advocate of com-
munalism. — Com mu-nal-is'tic, a. Pertaining
to communalism.

Com-mu'ni-cate (k5m-mu'nY-kat), v. t. To im-
prrt ; to reveal. — v. i. To share ; to partici-
pate ; to have or afford means of intercourse.

— Com-mu'ni-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. — Com-mu'-
nl-Ca-ble (-ka-b'l), a. Capable of being commu-
nicated or imparted. — Com - mu ' ni - ca ' tion
(-ka'shun), n. Act of communicating ; inter-
course ; thing communicated or imparted ; cor-
respondence ; a letter; intelligence; news. —
Com-mu'ni-ca-tive (-ka-tTv,i. a. Inclined to
communicate ; unreserved. — Com-mu'ni- ca-
tive-ness. n.

Com-mun'ion (k5m-mun'yun), n. Intercourse ;
fellowship; concord; unity; a body of Chris-
tians united in faith and discipline ; celebra-
tion of the Lord's supper.

Com'mu-nism (k5m'inu-niz'm), n The doctrine
ol community of property among all citizens of
a state or society : a scheme for equalizing social

conditions. — Com'mu-nlst. v. An advocate of

communism. — Com mu-nis'tic ( - nTs'tTk ), a.
Pertaining to communism or communists; liv-
ing in common, as certain birds, etc.

a, e, 1, 5, II, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; sen&te, Svent, Idea, Obey, ttnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final.

COMMUNITY

81

COMPLICATELY

Com-mu'ni-ty (kom-niu'nT-ty), ra. Common pos-
session or enjoyment ; society at large ; the pub-
lic; a number of persons living under similar
conditions.

Com-mute7 (koin-muf), v. t. To exchange; to
lessen ; to diminish. — v. i. To bargain for
exemption or substitution ; to pay in gross, in-
stead of part by part. — Com-mut'er. I*.— Com-
mut'a-ble, a. Capable of being commuted. —
Com-mut'a-ble-ness, Com-mut a-bil'i-ty (-a-
bTl'T-ty), ra. — Com'mu-ta'tion, ra. Exchange ;
substitution.— Com-mut'a-tive (-mu'ta-tTv), a.
Relative to exchange ; reciprocal. — Com'mu-
ta'tor (kom'mu-tater), ra. An appliance for re-
versing the direction of an electric current.

Com-pact' (kom-pakf), a. Closely and firmly
united ; succinct ; solid ; dense, — v. /. To press
together ; to consolidate ; to league with. —
Com'pact (kom'pakt), ra. An agreement be-
tween parties ; a covenant ; a contract. — Com-
pact'ly (-paWiy), adv. — Com-pact'ness, ra.

Com-pan'ion (kom-p5n'yun), ra. An associate ; a
comrade ; a mate ; an accomplice. — Com-pan'-
lon-a-ble, a. Agreeable as a companion ; socia-
ble. — Com-pan'ion-sMp, ra. Fellowship ; asso-
ciation.

Com'pa-ny (kum'pa-n^), ra. The state of being a
companion ; fellowship ; persons assembled or
acting together ; a band ; a crew ; a firm.

Com-pare' (koin-paT'), v. t. [Compared (-pgrd') ;
Comparing.] To examine the mutual relations
of ; to liken ; to inflect (an adjective, according
to degrees of comparison). — v. t. To be like ;
to admit of comparison. — Com ' pa - ra - ble
(koin'pa-ra-b'l), a. Worthy, or capable, of be-
ing compared. — Com'pa-ra-bly, adv. — Com-
par'a-tive (-par'a-tlv), a. Estimated by com-
parison; not positive. — Com-par'a-tive-ly, adv.

— Com-par/i-SOn (-T-sun or -s'n), ra. A com-
paring ; comparative estimate ; a simile.

Com-part' (kom-parf), v. t. To divide. — Com-
part'ment (-ment), n. One of the separate
parts into which anything is divided.

Com'pass (kuui'pas), n. A circuit ; a boundary ;
ext ent ; capacity ; a magnetic y. ^ ^,
instrument, indicating the ^ ^%f
north ; pi. drawing instru-
ment for measuring, describ-
ing circles, etc. — v. t. [Com-
passed (-past) ; Compassing.] s;Jg
To surround ; to contrive ; sp$
to obtain ; to grasp ; to plot. ^*

Com-pas'sion (kom-pSsh'un).
ra. A suffering with an-
other ; pity ; sympathy. —
Com-pas'sion-ate (-at), a. Inclined to pity ;
merciful ; kind. — Com-pas'sion-ate-ly, adv. —
Com-pas'sion-ate (-at), v. t. To pity , to com-
miserate.

Com-pat'i-ble (koin-pSt'T-b'l), a. Consistent ; ac-
cordant; agreeable; fit. — Com-pat'i-bly, adv.

— Com-pat'i-bil'i-ty (-Y-bTi'T-ty), ra.
Com-pa'tri-Ot (kom - pa ' trT - ut), ra. One of the

same country.

Com-peer' (kom-per'), n. An equal ; a compan-
ion.

Com-pel' (kom-pel'), v. t. [Compelled (-peld') ;
Compelling.] To drive by force ; to constrain ;
to coerce. — Com-pel'la-ble (-la-b'l), a.

Com'pel-la'tlon (kom'pe'l-la'shun), ra. Manner of
address or salutation ; appellation.

Com'pend (kora'pend), ra. A brief compilation ;
an abridgment ; a summary. — Com-perx'di-OUS
(-pgn'dT-us), a. Summed up briefly; short;
concise ; comprehensive. — Com-pen'di-OUS-ly,
J adv. — Com-pen'di-um (-peu'dT-um), ra. An
abridgment or epitome.

Com'pen-sate (koru'pen-sat or kom-pen'sat), v. t.
& i. To recompense ; to requite ; to counter-
balance. — Com pen-sa'tion (kom'pen-sa'shun),
n. Recompense : reward ; amends ; satisfaction.

— Com-pen/sa-tive (kom-pen'sa-tTv), Com-
pen'sa-to-ry (-to-ry), a. Affording satisfaction.

Com-pete/ (kom-pet')% ?•. i. To contend ; to rival.

— Com'pe-ti'tion (kom'pe-tTsh'uu), n. A com-
peting ; a contest ; a strife for the same object
or for superiority ; emulation ; rivalry. — Com-
pet'i-tive (-pet'T-tTv), a. Pertaining to compe-
tition ; emulous. — Com-pet'i-tor (-ter), n. A
Tival.

Com'pe-tent (kom'pe-tent), a. Adequate ; suffi-
cient ; qualified ; fit. — Com'pe-tent-ly, adv. —
Com'pe-tence (-tens), Com'pe-ten-cy (-ten-sy),
ra. Sufficiency ; adequacy.

Com/pe-ti'tion, Com - pet ' i - tor, etc. See under
Compete, v. i.

Com-pile' (kom-pll'), v. t. [Compiled (-pild') ;
Compiling.] To collect from other authors ; to
compose out of materials from other books, etc.

— Com-pil'er, ra. — Gom'pi-la'tion (kom'pl-la'-
shun), ra. A compiling; work compiled.

Com-pla'cent (kom-pla'sent), a. Gratified ; dis-
playing satisfaction. — Com-pla'cent-ly, adv. —
Com-pla'cence (-sens), Com-pla'cen-cy (-sen-
sy), ra. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; civility.

Com -plain' (kom -plan'), v. i. [Complained
(-pland') ; Complaining.] To murmur; to la-
ment ; to repine ; to bring accusation. — Com-
plain'er, ra. — Com-plain'ant (-ant), ra. A plain-
tiff. — Com-plaint' (-plant'), ra. Expression of
grief, pain, censure, or resentment; cause or
subject of complaining ; malady ; disease.

Com'plal-sance' (kom ' pla - zans'), n. Civility ;
courtesy ; urbanity ; good breeding. — Com'-
plai-sant' (-zanf), a. Desirous to please; kindly
attentive ; affable.

Com'ple-ment (kom'ple-ment), ra. That which
completes something else ; the full number. —
Com'ple-men'tal (-men'tai), Com'ple-men'ta-
ry (-men'tji-r^), a. Serving to complete.

Complete' (koin-plet'), a. Finished ; perfect ;
entire ; whole. — v. t. To fulfill ; to accomplish ;
to finish ; to end. — Com-plete'ly, adv. — Com-
plete'ness, ra. — Com-ple'tion (-ple'shun), ra. A
completing ; state of being complete ; accom-
plishment.

Com'plex (kom'pleks), a. Of many parts ; intri-
cate ; composite. —ra. Assemblage; collection.

— Com'plex-ly, adv. — Com-plex'i-ty (-pieks'-
T-ty), ra. State of being complex ; intricacy.

Com-plex'lon (-plek'shiin), ra. Color or hue of the
skin, esp. of the face ; appearance ; aspect. —
Com-plex'ion-al (-al), a. Pertaining to the
complexion.

Com-pli'ance (kom-pli'ans), ra. The act of com-
plying; disposition to yield; assent. — Com-pli'-
ant (-ant), a. Yielding ; submissive ; obliging.

— Com-pli'ant-ly, adv.

Com'pli-cate (kom'pli-kat), v. t. To twist to-
gether ; to interweave ; to render complex ; to
involve. — a. Composed of two or more parts
united ; complex ; intricate. — Com'pli-cate-ly

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

COMPLICATENESS

82

CONCENTRICITY

(-kat-ljr), adv. — Com'pli-cate-ness, n. — Com'-
pli-ca-cy (kom ' pit - ka - sy), Com'pli-ca'tion
(-ka'shiin), n. A confused blending of parts ;
entanglement ; complexity.

Com-plic'i-ty (kom-plis'i-ty), n. Condition of
being an accomplice.

Com'pli-ment (kom'plT-ment), n. An act or ex-
pression of approbation, regard, or admiration ;
delicate flattery, —-v. t. & i. To praise ; to flat-
ter ; to commend. — Com'pli-men'tal (-men/-
tal), Com'pli-men'ta-ry (-men'ta-ry), a. Ex-
pressive of civility or praise; congratulatory;
flattering.

Com'pline (kom'plin), Com'plin, n. Evening
prayer.

Com'plot (kom'plot), n. A conspiracy ; cabal. —
Com-plot' (kom-plof), v. t. & i. [Complotted ;
Complotting.] To plot together ; to conspire.

Com-ply' (kom-pli'), v. i. [Complied (-plicP) ;
Complying.] To yield assent; to accord; to
agree ; to acquiesce.

Com-po'nent (k5m-po'nent), a. Serving or help-
ing to form; constituting. — n. A constituent
part ; an ingredient.

Com-porV (kom-porf), v. i. To agree ; to accord ;
to suit. — v. t. To behave; to conduct (one's
self). — ■ Com-port'ment (-ment), n. Demeanor ;
behavior.

Com-pose', v. t. [Composed (-pozd') ; Composing.]
To put together (thoughts in writing, type for
printing, etc.); to originate ; to constitute ; to
form ; to soothe ; to allay ; to quiet. — Com-
posed' (-pozd'), a. Calm ; quiet ; tranquil. —
Com-pos'ed-ly ( - ed - ly), adv. — Com-pos'ed-
ness, n. — Com-pos'er, n. One who composes ;
an author (esp. of music). — Com-pos'ite (-poz'-
Tt), a. Made up of parts ; compounded. — Com-
po-Si'tion ( - po - zish ' un ), n. A composing ;
a mixture ; combination ; production ; adjust-
ment ; written work. — Com-pos'i-tor (-poz'I-
ter), n. One who composes ; one who sets type.

Com'post (kSin'post), n. A mixture for fertili-
zing land. —v. t. To manure.

Com-po'sure (koni-po'zhur), n. Calmness ; se-
dateness ; order.

Com-pound' (koni-pound'), v. t. To put together ;
to mix in one mass ; to combine ; to unite. — w. i.
To come to an agreement. — Com'pound (kom'-
pound), a. Composed of elements, ingredients,
or parts. — n. A mixture.

ConVpre-hend' (koin'pre-hend'), v. t. To contain ;
to include ; to comprise ; to understand. — Com'-

8re-hen'si-ble (-hgn'sT-b'l), a. Intelligible. —
lonVpre-hen'si-ble-ness, Com'pre-hen'si-bil'-
i-ty (-hen'sT-bil ' I - ty), n. — Com'pre-hen'sion
(-hSn'shun), n. A comprehending ; capacity ;
perception. — Com'pre-hen'sive (-siv), a. In-
cluding much in small space ; large ; full ; capa-
cious. — Com ' pre - hen 'sive - ly, adv. — Com'-
pre-hen'sive-ness, n.
Com -press' (kom-pres'), v. t. [Compressed
(-preatf) ; Compressing.] To press together ; to
squeeze ; to condense. — Com'press (k5m'pre"s),
n. A pad used by surgeons. — Com-press'i-ble
(-preVT-b'l) a. Capable of being pressed to-
gether. — Com-press'i-ble-ness, Com-pressi-
bil'i-ty ( - T - bll ' T - tf ), n. — Com - pres ' sion
(-prgsli'nn), n. Act of pressing ; state of being
compressed. — Com-pres'sive (-siv), a. Hav-
ing power to compress. — Com-pres'sor (-ser),
n. — Com-pres'SUre (-prgsh'ur), n. Pressure.

Com-prise'(kom-priz'), v. t. [Comprised (-prlzd') ;
Comprising.] To comprehend ; to include; to
involve ; to imply. — Com-pris'al (-pri'zal), n.
A comprising ; comprehension.

Com'pro-mlse (kom'pro-miz), n. Agreement in
which mutual concessions are made. — v. t. To
adjust by mutual concessions ; to commit ; to
put to hazard. — v. i. To make an agreement.

Com'pro-mif (k5m'pr6-mTt'), v. t. [Compromit-
ted ; Compromising.] To promise ; to pledge ;
to compromise.

Comp-trol'ler (kon-trol'ler), n. A controller ; —
an officer who examines and certifies accounts.

Com-pul'sion (kom-pul'shun), n. The act of com-
pelling ; force applied ; constraint. — Com-pul'-
sa-to-ry (-sa-to-ry), Com-pul'so-ry (-so-ry),

Com-pul'sive (-siv), a. Having power to com-
pel ; forcing. — Com-pul'SO-ri-ly (- so - rT - ly),
Com-pul'sive-ly, adv.

Com-punc'tion (kom-punk'shiin), n. Remorse ;
reproach of conscience. — Com - punc ' tious
(-shus), a. Having compunction ; repentant.

Compute' (kom-puf), v. t. To determine by cal-
culation ; to reckon ; to estimate. — Com-put'er,
Com'pu-tist (kom'pu-tTst), n.— Com'pu-ta'tion
(kom'pu-ta'shun), n. A reckoning ; calculation.

Com'rade (kom'rad or -rad), n. A mate, com-
panion, or associate.

Con (kon), v. t. [Conned (kond) ; Conning.]
To study over ; to peruse ; to memorize.

Con-cat'e-nate (kon-k5t'e-nat), v. t. To link to-
gether ; to unite in a successive series. — Con-
cat e-na'tion (-na'shun), n. A series of links
united, or of things depending on each other.

Con'cave (kon'kav or k5n'-), a. Hollow and
curved or rounded. — w. A hollow; an arch;
a vault. — Con-cav'i-ty (kon-kav'I-t^), n. Hol-
lowness of a rounded body.

Con-ceal' (kon-sel'), v. t. [Concealed (-seld') ;
Concealing.] To hide ; to disguise ; to dissem-
ble ; to secrete. — Con-ceal'a-ble (-a-b'l), a.
Capable of being concealed. — Con-ceal'ment,
n. A hiding ; hiding place ; disguise.

Con-cede' (kon-sed'), v. t. To yield ; to grant ; to
admit to be true ; to surrender. — v. i. To make
concession ; to yield.

Con-ceit' (kon-sef), n. Fancy ; vanity ; pride of
opinion, —v. t. To fancy ; to imagine. — Con-
ceit'ed, a. Vain ; egotistical. — Con-ceit'ed-ly
(-gd-ty), adv. — Con-ceit'ed-ness, n.

Con-ceive' (kon-sev'), v. t. [Conceived (-sevd') ;
Conceiving.] To form (a plan, idea, etc.), in
the mind) ; to apprehend ; to suppose ; to think.
— v. i. To become pregnant ; to think. — Con-
ceiv'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being con-
ceived or comprehended ; intelligible. — Con-
ceiv'a-bly (-bty), adv.

Con-cen'ter (kon-sen'ter), Con-cen'tre. v. i. &t.
[Concentered (-terd) or Concentred ; Con-
centering (-ter-Tng) or Concentring (-trlng).]
To come or bring to a point.

Con-cen'trate (kgn-sgn'trat or kgn'sgn-), v. t. To
bring to a common center ; to unite more closely ;
to combine. — Con'cen-tra'tion (kSn'sen-tra'-
shun), n. Act of concentrating ; state of being
concentrated. — Con-cen'tra-tive (-sgn'tra-ttv),
a. Serving tc concentrate. — Con-cen'tra-tive-
ness, n. — Con'cen-tra'tor (kgn'sgn-tra'ter), n.

Con-cen'tric (kon-sgn'trlk). Con-cen'tric-al (-tiT-
kr/l), a. Having a common center. — Con-cen'-
tric-al-ly, adv.- Con'cen-tric'i-ty (-trTs'T-tJ), n.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; u, 6, 1, 5, H, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, unite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final.

CONCEPT

83

CONDITIONALLY

Conch.

Con'cept (kon'sept), to. An abstract general con-
ception ; notion. — Con-cep'tion (kon-sgp'shun),
to. A conceiving ; state of being conceived ;
formation in the mind of an image, idea, or no-
tion ; apprehension. — Con-cep'tive (-sgp'tT v),
a. Capable of conceiving.

Con-cern' (kon-sem'), v. t. [Concerned (-sernd') ;
Concerning.] To belong or relate to ; to affect ;
to disturb. — to. An affair ; care ; anxiety ; re-
gard ; a business ; a firm. — Con-cern'ing,j>rep.
Pertaining to ; regarding ; with respect to. —
Con-cern'meilt (-ment), to. Affair ; interest ;
importance ; anxiety.-

Con-cert' (kon-serf), v. t. & i. To plan together ;
to devise ; to contrive. — Con'cert (kon'sert), to.
Agreement ; plan ; harmony ; a musical enter-
tainment. — Con'cer-ti'na (-ser-te'na), to. A
musical instrument of the accordion species.

Con-ces'sion (k5n-sgsh'un), to. A conceding or
granting ; a thing yielded ; a grant ; a boon. —
Con-ces'sive (-sgs'siv), a. Implying concession.

Conch (k5nk), to. A marine
shell. — Con'chold ( k5n'-
koid), to. A peculiar geo-
metrical curve. — Con-
choid'al (kon-koid'al), a.
Formed like a shell. —

Con-chol'o-gy ( -koi'S-jy" ),
to. Science of shells ; mal-
acology. — Con-chol'o-gist
(-jist), to. One versed in
conchology. — Con'cho-log'ic-al (kon/k6-15jT-
kal), a. Pertaining to conchology.

HCon'Cierge' (kcVsyarzh'), n. A doorkeeper ; a
janitor.

Con-cil'i-ate (kon-sTl'Y-at), v. t. To gain by favor;
to win over ; to propitiate ; to pacify. — Con-cll'-
1-a'tor (-a'ter), to. — Con-cil'i-a-to-ry (-a-to-ry),
a. Tending to conciliate. — Con-Cil'i-a'tion
(-a'shiin), to. A conciliating ; reconciliation.

Con-Cise' (kon-sis'), a. Expressing much in few
words ; terse ; brief ; comprehensive ; succinct.

— Con-cise/ly, adv. — Con-cise/ness, to. —
Con-Ci'slon (-sizh'un), to. A cutting off ; a di-
vision ; a faction.

Con'clave (kon'klav or kon'-), n. A private apart-
ment ; a private meeting ; a meeting of the cardi-
nals to elect a pope.

Con-elude' (kon-klud'), v. t. To bring to an end ;
to finish ; to determine ; to decide ; to infer.—
v. t. To come to an end ; to close ; to terminate.

— Con-clud'er, to. — Con-clu'sion (-klu'zhun),
to. End ; decision ; inference. — Con-Clu'sive
(-slv), a. Final ; ultimate ; definitive. — Con-
clu'sive-ly, adv. — Con-clu'sive-ness, to.

Con-COCt' (k5n-kokf), v. t. To digest ; to ripen ;
to devise ; to contrive ; to plan ; to plot. — Con-
COCt'er, to. — Con-COC'tion (-kok'shun), to. Di-
gestion ; a bringing to perfection or maturity ;
contrivance. — Con - COCt ' ive ( - kok ' tiv ), c.
Tending to mature ; digestive.

Con-COm'i-tant (kon-k5m ' T - tornt), a. Accom-
panying ; concurrent ; attending. — to. One
connected with another ; a companion ; an ac-
companiment.— Con-com'i-tant-ly, adv. — Con-
com'i-tance(-tans), Con-com'i-tan-cy {-tan-sf),
n. A being together ; accompaniment.

Con'cord (k5n/k8rd), to. Agreement ; harmony ;
union; a dark blue American grape. — Con-
COrd'ance (kon-k6rd'ans), n. Agreement ; con-
sonance ; a minute verbal index to a book. —

Con-COld'ant (-ant), a. Agreeing ; harmonious.

— Con-cord'ant-ly, adv.

Con'COUrse (kon'kors), to. A moving or running
together ; an assembly ; a crowd.

Con'cre-ment (kon'kre-ment), to. A mass formed
by concretion, or natural union.

Con-cres'cence (kon-kres'sens), «. A growing by
spontaneous union, or by coalescence. — Con-
cres'cive (-siv), a. Growing together.

Con'crete (kon'kretor kon'-), a. United in
growth ; formed by coalition of particles into one
body ; not abstract. — n. A compound ; a mass ;
artificial stone. — Con-crete' (kon-kref), v. i. &
t. To unite in a mass. — Gon-crete'ly, adv. —
Con-crete'ness, to. — Con-cre'tian (-kre'shun),
«. A concreting ; a mass ; a lump. — Con-cre'-
tive (-tiv), a. Promoting concretion.

Con'CU-bine (kon'ku-bin), to. A woman who co-
habits with a man without marriage. — Con-
CU'bi-nage (kon-ku'bT-naj), to. Cohabitation
without marriage. — Con-cu'bi-nal, Con-CU'bi-
na-ry (-na-ry), a. Pertaining to a concubine or
to concubinage.

Con-CU'pis-cent (kon-ku'pis-sgnt), a. Lustful.

— Con-cu'pis-cence (-sens), to. Lust.
Con-cur' (kon-kGr'), v. i. [Concurred (-kurd') ;

Concurring.] To meet in the same point ; to act
jointly ; to unite in opinion ; to assent. — Con-
currence (-kur'rens), to. Union ; conjunction ;
agreement. — Con-cur'rent (-rent), a. Acting
in conjunction ; cooperating; associate. — Con-
CUT'rent-ly, adv. Unitedly.

Con-CUS'sion (k5n-kiish'un), to. A shaking;
a shock ; a jar. — Con-CUS'Sive (-siv), a. Im-
parting concussion.

Con-demn' (k5n-dgm'), v. t. [Condemned
(-demd') ; Condemning (-dSm'ning or -dgm'-
Tng).] To pronounce to be wrong ; to censure ;
to doom ; to sentence. — Con-dem'ner (-dgm'-
ner or -dgm'er), to. — Con-dem'na-ble (-na-b'l),
a. Worthy of condemnation ; blameworthy ; cul-
pable. — Con dem-na'tion (kSn/dSm-na'shiin),
to. Act of condemning ; blame ; sentence. —
Con-dem'na-tO-ry (-dgm'na-to-ry), a. Express-
ing or implying condemnation.

Con-dense' (kon-dgns'), v. t. & i. [Condensed
(-dgnsf) ; Condensing.] To make or become
more dense ; to consolidate ; to thicken. — Con-
dens'er (-dgn'ser), n. — Con-den'sa-ble (-dgn'-
sa-b'l), a. Capable of being condensed. — Con-
den'sate (kon-dgn'sat), v. t. & i. To condense.

— Con'den-sa'tion (kon'dgn-sa'shun), to. Con-
solidation. — Con-den'sa-tive (kon-dgn'sa-tTv),
a. Tending to condense.

Con'de-SCend' (kon'de-sgnd'), v. i. To let one's
self down ; to waive a privilege of rank or posi-
tion ; to deign ; to vouchsafe. — Con'de-scend'-
ing-ly, adv. By way of condescension. — Con'-
de-scen'sion (-sen 'shun), to. Complaisance;
courtesy ; affability.

Con-dign' (kon-dln'), a. Deserved ; merited ;
suitable. — Con-dign'ly (-dln'ly), adv. — Con-
dign'ness, to.

Con'di-ment (kon'di-ment), to. Something to
give relish to food ; seasoning.

Con-di'tion (kon-dTsh'un), to. State ; quality ;
term or article of agreement. — v. i. & t. [Con-
ditioned (-dTsh'vind) ; Conditioning.] To con-
tract ; to stipulate. — Con-di'tion-al (-al), a.
Containing, implying, or depending on, condi-
tions ; not absolute. — Con-di'tion-al-ly, adv.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CONDITORY

84

CONFORMIST

Condor.

Con'di-tO-iy (kon'dT-to-ry), n. A repository for

holding things.
Con-dole' (kon-dol'), v. i. [Condoled (-dold') ;

Condoling.] To grieve ; to express sorrow. —

Con-dol'er, n. — Con-dole'ment (-doi'ment),

Con-do'lence (-do'lens), n. Expression of grief

or sympathy.
Con-done' (kon-don'), v. t. [Condoned (-dond') ;

Condoning.] To pardon ; to forgive. — Con do-
nation (kon ' do - na ' shun), n. Forgiveness ;

pardon.
Con'dor (kon'dor), n. A South American vulture.
Con-duce' (kon-dus'), v. i.

[Conduced (-dust');

Conducing.] To tend; to

contribute ; to promote.

— Con-du'ci-ble (-du'sT-

bM), Con-du'cive (kon-

du'siv), a. Tending to

promote. — Con - du ' ci-

bil'i-ty (kon-du'sl-bil'i- ^

ty), Con-du'ci-ble-ness, "

Con-du'cive-ness, n.
Con'duct (kon'dukt), n.

Behavior ; deportment ;

guidance ; guard ; escort.

—Con-dUCt' (kon-dukf),

v. t. To lead ; to guide ;

to direct ; to control ; to manage ; to carry. —

v. i. To behave. — Con-dUCt'or (-duk'ter), n.

— Con-duct'ress (-tr6s), n. fern.

Con'duit (kon'dit or kun'dit), n. A water pipe ;
a canal ; a duct.

Con-du'pli-cate (kon-du'plT-kat), a. Doubled or
folded together.

Cone (kon), n. A solid body, tapering to a point
from a circular base ; the fruit of
several evergreen trees, the pine,
fir, cedar, etc.

Con-fab'u-late (kon-fSb'u-lat), v. i.
To talk familiarly together; to
chat ; to prattle. — Con-fab'U-la'-
tlon (-faVu-la'shun), n. Familiar
talk. Cone.

Con'fect (kon'fekt), Con-fec'tion
(-fgk'shun), n. A preparation of fruit, etc.,
with sugar ; a comfit ; a sweetmeat. — Con-
fec'tion-er (-er), n. One who makes or sells
confections, candies, etc. — Con-fec'tion-er-y
(-Sr-y" or -er-y), n. Sweetmeats ; candies ; a
place where sweetmeats, etc., are sold.

Con-fed'er-ate (k5n-fgd'er-at), a. United in a
league ; engaged in a confederacy, —n. A per-
son or nation engaged in a confederacy ; an
ally ; an accomplice. — Con-fed'er-ate (-at), v.
t. & L To unite in a league ; to band together.

— Con-fed'er-a-cy (-er-a-sy), n. A league ; a
coalition ; a conspiracy. — Con - fed ' er - a ' tion
(-feM'er-a'shQn), n. A confederating ; a league ;
an alliance. — Con-fed'er-a'tive (-fSd'er-a'ti v
or -a-tiv), a. Pertaining to a confederation.

Con-fer' (k5n-fer'), v. t. [Conferred (-ferd') ;
Conferring.] To bestow; to grant; to award.

— v. i. To discourse seriously ; to consult ; to
advise. — Con'fer-ence (kon'fer-ens), n. Seri-
ous conversation ; a meeting for consultation ;
an interview.

HCon-ler'va (k5n-fer'va), n. ; pi. Conferva (-ve).

A fresh-water plant.
Con-fess' (k5n-f5s'), v. t, & i. [Confessed (-fe\sf) ;

Confessing.] To acknowledge or avow (a fault,

crime, debt, etc.) ; to assert ; to attest ; to make
confession. — Con-fess'er, Con-fes'sor (-feV-
ser), n. — Con-fess'ed-ly (-fes'ed-ly), adv. By
confession ; without denial. — Con - f es ' sion
(-fesh'un), n. Acknowledgment; act of con-
fessing (one's sins to a priest) ; a formulary stat-
ing the articles of one's belief. — Con-fes'sion-
al (-al), n. Place where confession of sins is
made. — a. Pertaining to a creed or confession
of faith.

Con-'fi-dant' (kon'fl-dant'), n. m., Con'fi-dante',
n. f. A confidential friend ; one to whom se-
crets are intrusted.

Con-fide' (kon-fid'), v. i. To put faith ; to be-
lieve. — v. t. To intrust ; to give in charge. —
Con'fi-dence (kon'f T-dens), n. Act of confiding ;
trust ; boldness ; self-reliance ; courage. — Con'-
fl-dent (-dent), a. Having confidence ; secure ;
self-reliant. — Con'fi-dent-ly, adv. With con-
fidence ; positively. — Con'fi-den'tial ( - den '-
shal), a. Trusted ; trusty ; private ; secret. —
Con'fi-den'tial-ly, adv. In confidence.

Con-fig'ure (kon-fig'ur), v. t. To dispose in a
certain form, figure, or shape. — Con-fig'U-ra'-
tlon (-u-ra'shun), n. External form or figure.

Con'fine (kSn'fin), n. Common boundary ; bor-
der ; limit. — Con-fine' (kon-fln'), v. t. [Con-
fined (-find') ; Confining.] To restrain within
limits ; to bound ; to restrict. — Con-fln'a-ble
(-fln'a-b'l), a. Capable of being confined or lim-
ited. — Con- fine 'ment. n. Restraint within
limits ; imprisonment ; childbed.

Con-firm' (k5n-ferm'), v. t. [Confirmed (-fermd') ;
Confirming.] To make firm ; to verify ; to
corroborate ; to assure ; to admit to church
privileges by administering the rite of confir-
mation. — Con-firm'er, n. — Con-firm'a-ble, a.
Capable of being confirmed. — Con'fir-ma'tion
(k5n'fer-ma'shun), n. A. confirming, or estab-
lishing ; proof ; the rite of admitting a baptized
person to full church privileges. — Con-firm'a-
tive (-ferm'a-tiv), Con-firm'a-tO-ry (-to-ry), a.
Serving to confirm ; corroborative.

Con'fis-cate (kon'fTs-kat or kon-fTs'kat), v. t. To
forfeit to the public treasury. — (-kat), a. Appro-
priated, as a penalty, to public use. — Con-fis'-
ca-ble (-fis'ka-b'l), a. Liable to confiscation.

— Con'fis-ca'tion (-fis-ka'shiin), n. Forfeiture.

— Con'fis-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n.
Con'fla-gra'tion (kon'fla-gra'shun), n. A fire on

a great scale.

Con'flict (kon'flikt), n. A contest ; struggle ;
strife ; pang. — Con-flict' (kon-flTkt'), v. i. To
strike or dash together ; to engage in strife.

Con'flu-ent (kon'flu-ent), a. Flowing together

— n. A stream flowing into a larger one. —
Con'flU-ence (-ens), n. A flowing together ; con-
course ; crowd ; multitude. — Con'flUX (-fluks),
n. A flowing together ; meeting of currents ;
crowd ; concourse.

Con-form' (kon-f6rm'), v. t. To make like ; to
bring into harmony or agreement with. — v. i.
To comply ; to yield. — Con-form'er, n. — Con-
form'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Corresponding in form,
shape, etc. ; similar ; like. — Conform'a-bil'i-
ty (-a-bTl'T-tJ), Con-form'a-ble-ness, n. — Con-
form'a-bly, adv. — Con'for-ma'tion ( kSn'fSr-
ma'shun), n. A conforming or producing
conformity ; agreement ; structure of a body ;
form ; make ; arrangement. — Con- form' 1st
(-fSrm'Tst), n. One who complies with the

a, e, I, o, ii, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, Sbey, dnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

CONFORMITY

85

CONJUGATION

worship of the Church of England. — Con-form'-
i-ty (-i-t^), n. Correspondence in character or
manner ; resemblance ; congruity.

Con-found' (kSn-found'), v. t. To mix ; to min-
gle ; to perplex ; to disorder ; to abash. — Con-
found/ed, a. Confused ; perplexed ; enormous ;
abominable. — Con-found'ed-ly, adv.

Con'fra-ter'ni-ty ( kon'fra-ter'ni-ty ), n. A reli-
gious brotherhood.

||Con/frere/ (k6N'frar'), n. A fellow member of
a fraternity ; an intimate associate.

Con-front' (kon-frfinf), v. t. To face ; to set face
to face; to oppose; to compare. — Con'fron-
ta'tion (kon'frun-ta'shun), n. A confronting.

Con-fuse' (k5n-fuz'), v. t. To confound ; to per-
plex. — Con-fus'ed-ly ( - ed - ly ), adv. — Con-
fus'ed-ness, n. — Con-fu'sion (-fu'zhfin), n.
Disorder ; tumult ; indistinctness ; perturbation.

Con-fute' (k5n-fuV), v. t. To put to silence ; to
disprove ; to refute ; to oppugn. — Con-fut'er,
nL — Con-fut'a-ble, a. — Coni u-ta'tion (kon'-
fu-ta'shun), n. Disproof.

HCon'ge' (kQN'zha' ; E. kon'je), n. Act of taking
leave ; farewell ; a bow or a courtesy.

Con-geal' (k5n-jel'), v. t. & i. To freeze; to
thicken ; to stiffen. — Con-geal'a-ble, a. Ca-
pable of being congealed. — Con - geal ' ment
(-ment), Con'ge-la'tion (k<5n/je-la'shun), n. A
congealing ; mass congealed ; concretion.

Con'ge-ner (kSn'je-ner), n. A thing of the same
genus, nature, or origin. — Con-gen'ial (kon-
jen'yal), a. Of the same nature or disposition ;
kindred ; agreeable ; sympathetic. — Con-ge7-
ni-al'i-ty (-j^ni-al'i-ty or -jen-yal'T-ty), Con-
gen'ial-ness, n.

Con-gen'i-tal (kon-jen'i-tal), Con-gen'lte (-Tt),
a. Of the same birth ; dating from birth.

Con'ger (kon'ger), w., Conger eel (el). A large
species of eel.

Con-ge/ri-es (kon-
je'rT-ez), n. sing.
& pi. A collec-
tion of particles
or bodies into
one mass.

Con-gest' (kon-
jest'), v. t. To
collect into a
mass; to heap up.
— Con-ges'tion
(-jgs'chun), n.

Unnatural accumulation of blood in any part of
the body. — Con-gesfive (-jeVti v), a. Marked
by abnormal accumulation of blood.

Con-glo'bate (kon-glo'bat), Con - glob' u- late
(-glob'u-lat), Con-globe/ (-glob'), v. i. & t. To
collect or form in a ball, or hard, round sub-
stance. — Con-glo'bate (-glo'bat), a. Formed
into a ball. — Con-glo'bate-ly, adv. In a round
form. — Con'glO-ba'tion (kon'glo-ba'shun), n.
A forming into a ball ; a roundish mass.

Con-glom'er-ate (kon-glom'er-at), v. t. To gather
into a ball or round body. — (-at), a. Gathered
into a mass ; collected; clustered, —n. A col-
lection ; an accumulation ; a rock composed of
pebbles cemented together. — Con-glom'er-a'-
tion (-er-a'shiin), n. A gathering into a mass ;
a collection ; an accumulation.

Con-glU'ti-nate (k5n-glu'ti-nat), v. t. To glue
together. — v. i. To coalesce. — (-nat), a.
United in one mass. — Con-giu'ti-nant (-nant),

Conger Eel.

a. Uniting closely ; healing. — n. Medicine
which promotes the healing of wounds by clos-
ing them. — Con-glU'ti-na'tion (-na/shun), n.
A gluing together ; junction ; union. — Con-
glu'ti-na-tlve (-glu'tT-na-ttv), a. Able or tend-
ing to unite.

Con'gOU (kon'goo), Con'go (-go), n. A species
of black tea.

Con-grat'U-late (kon-grat'u-lat), v. t. To wish
joy to; to felicitate. — Con-grat'U-lant (-lant),
a. Rejoicing in participation. — Con-grat'U-la'-
tion (-la'shun), n. The act of congratulating ; a
compliment. — Con-grat'u-la'tor (-la'ter), n. —
Con-grat'U-la-tO-ry (-u-la-to-ry), a. Express-
ing satisfaction or joy.

Con'gre-gate (kon'gre-gat), v. t. & i. To collect
into an assembly or assemblage ; to gather. —
Con'gre-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. Act of congre-
gating ; assembling ; assemblage ; assembly of
persons, esp. a religious assembly. — Con'gre-
ga'tion-al (-«1), a. Pertaining to a congrega-
tion or to Congregationalism. — Con'gre-ga'-
tlon-al-ism (-al-Tz'm), n. A system of church
government wherein each local church is an
independent body ; Independency. — Con'gre-
ga'tion-al-ist (-1st), n. One who belongs to
a Congregational society ; an Independent.

Con'gress (kSn'gres), n. A meeting ; a formal
assembly (of deputies, representatives, envoys,
etc.) ; legislative assembly of senators and rep-
sentatives of the people of a nation, esp. of a
republic. — Con-gres'sion-al (k5n-grgsh' fin-
al or k5n-), a. Pertaining to a congress, esp.
to the Congress of the United States. — Con'-
gress-man (-man), n. A member of the United
States Congress, esp. of the House of Represen-
tatives. — Con-gres'Sive (k5n-gres'slv), a. En-
countering or coming together.

Con'gru-ent (kon'gru-ent), a. Agreeing ; corre-
sponding ; consistent. — Con'gru-ence (-ens),
Con-gru'i-ty (k5n-gru'i-ty or k5n-), n. Fit-
ness ; harmony ; correspondence ; consistency.

— Con'gTU-OUS (kon'gru-us), a. Having con-
gruity ; fit ; appropriate ; harmonious ; con-
cordant. — Con'gru-ous-ly, adv.

Con'ic (kon'tk), Con'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to or like a cone. — Con'ic-al-ly, adv. In
the form of a cone. — Con'ic-al-ness, n. —
Con'lcs (-tks), n. sing. Science of the mathemat-
ical properties of a cone ; pi. curves formed by
the intersection of a plane and a cone. — Co-
nif'er-OUS (k6-nTf'er-Qs), a. Bearing cones, as
the pine, fir, cypress, etc. — Co'ni-f orm (ko'nl-
f6rm). a. In form of a cone; conical.

Con-jec'ture (kon-jek'tur), n. Opinion based on
imperfect knowledge ; presumption ; guess. —
V. t. & i. To surmise ; to infer ; to suspect. —

Con-jec'tur-er, n. — Con-jec'tur-al, a. Depend-
ing on conjecture.

Con-join' (kon-join'), v. t. & i. [Conjoined
(-joind') ; Conjoining.] To connect ; to unite ;
to join ; to associate. — Con-joint' (-joint'), a.
United ; associated. — Con-joint'ly, adv.

Con'jU-gal (kon'ju-gal), a. Relating to mar-
riage ; matrimonial ; connubial ; nuptial. —
Con'ju-gal-ly, adv.

Con'Ju-gate (k5n'ju-gat), v. t. To inflect, as verbs.

— (-gat), n. One of two or more words of the
same stock, —a. United in pairs; agreeing in
derivation with other words. — Con'ju-ga'tlon
(-ga'shun), n. Inflection (of verbs).

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, ting, ink, then, thin.

CONJUNCT

86

CONSISTORY

Connate Leaf.

Con-junct' (kon-junkf), a. United ; conjoined ;
concurrent. — Con-jnncf ly (kon-junkt'ly), adv.

— Con-junc'tion (-junk'shun), n. Union ; con- J
nection ; a connective or connecting word. —
Con-junc'tive (-tiv), a. Closely united ; serv- '
ing to unite ; contingent. — Con-junc/tive-ly,
adv. In union. — Con-junc'ture (-jimk'tur), n.
Union ; combination ; critical time ; crisis.

Con-jure' (kon-jur'), v. t. [Conjured (-jurd') ; |
Conjuring. ] To call on or_summon solemnly ;
to adjure. — Con-jUT'er (-jur'er), t^. — Con'ju-
ra'tion (-ju-ra'shun), n. Earnest entreaty.

Con'jure (kun'jur), v. t. To charm ; to enchant ;
to bewitch, —v. i. To practice magical acts. —
Con'jur-er, n. One who practices magic or
legerdemain ; an enchanter. — Con'ju-ra'tion
(kon'ju-ra'shun), n. Incantation ; magic spell.

Con'nate (kon'nat or kon-nat'), a. Born with
another ; united in origin. —
Con-nat'u-ral (-nat ' fi - ral),
a. Connected by nature ; in-
born ; inherent ; natural. —
Con-naf u-ral'i-ty ( - ral ' 1 -
ty), n. Natural union.

Con-nect' (kon-nekf), v. t. &i.
To knit together ; to unite ; to
join. — Con-nect'or (-ter), n.

— Con-nect'ed-ly (-nekt'ed-iy), adv. By con-
nection; unitedly. — Con-nec'tion, Con-nex'-
ion (-nek 'shun), n. Act of joining ; thing
united ; relationship ; relation by blood or mar-
riage. — Con-necf ive (-nek'tiv), a. Serving
to connect. — n. Anything that connects ; a
word that connects other words or sentences ; a
conjunction. — Con-nect'ive-ly, adv.

Con-nive' (kon-niv'), v. i. [Connived (-nivd') ;
Conniving.] To close the eyes upon ; to wink
at ; to purposely fail to see. — Con-niv'er, n. —
Con-niv'ance (-cms), n. Voluntary oversight ;
collusion.

Con/nois-seur' (kon'ms-sfir' or -sur'), n. A crit-
ical judge of any art, particularly of painting,
music, and sculpture.

Con-nuTrial (kon-nu'bT-al), a. Pertaining to
marriage ; conjugal ; nuptial.

Co'noid (ko'noid), n. A figure resembling a cone.

— a. Nearly conical.

Con'quer (kSn'ker), v. t. & i. [Conquered
(-kerd) ; Conquering.] To overcome ; to sub-
due ; to master. — Con'quer-a-ble (-a-b'l), a.
Capable of being conquered. — Con'quer-or
(-er), «.— Con'quest (-kwest), n. A conquering ;
tiling conquered ; victory; subjection ; mastery.

Con'san-gUin'e-OUS (kon'san-gwin'e-us), a. Of
the same blood ; related by birth. — Con'san-
guin'i-ty (-T-ty), n. Relation by blood or birth.

Con'SCience (kon'shens), n. Self - knowledge ;
sense of right and wrong; moral sense; truth.

— Coil'SCi-en/tiOUS (-shT-Sn'shus), a. Governed
by the dictates of conscience ; exact ; faithful ;
just; upright. — CoB/sci-en'tious-ly, adv.—
Con'sci-en'tious-ness, n.

Con/SCion-a-ble (kon'shuu-a-b'l), a. Reasonable ;
just.

Con'SCloUS (kon'shiis), a. Able to know one's
own thoughts ; aware ; sensible. — Con'SCioUS-
ly, adv. — Con'scious-ness, n.

Con/script (kon'skript), a. Enrolled; written ;
registered, —n. An enrolled soldier. — Con-
scrip'tion (-skrTp'shun), n. An enrolling; reg-
istering ; draft.

Con'se-crate (kon'se-krat), v. t. To dedicate ; to
declare sacred ; to dignify. — (-krat), a. Con-
secrated ; devoted ; sacred. — Oon'se-cra'tion
(-kra'shun), n. Act or ceremony of consecra-
ting ; dedication. — Con'se-cra'tor (-kra'ter), n.

Con-sec'U-tive (kon-sek'u-tlv), a. Following in
order ; successive. — Con-sec'U-tive-ly, adv.

Con-sent' (kon-sent/), v. i. To agree in opinion ;
to assent ; to comply ; to concur. — n. Agree-
ment ; accord ; harmony. — Con-senf er, n. —
Con'sen-ta'ne-OUS (k5n/sen-ta'ne-ils), a. Con-
sistent ; agreeable or accordant ; suitable. —
Con'sen-ta'ne-ons-ly, adv. — Con'sen-ta'ne-
ous-ness, n. — Con-sen'tient (-sen'shent), a.
Agreeing; accordant.

Con'se-quence (kon'se-kwens), n. That which
follows ; effect ; result ; importance. — Conse-
quent (-kwent), a. Following as a result or
inference. — n. That which follows ; effect ;
conclusion or inference. — Con'se-quent-ly,
adv. By consequence ; therefore. — Con ' se -
quen'tial (-kwen'shal), a. Following as a con-
sequence or result ; assuming an air of conse-
quence ; pompous. — Con'se-quen'tial-ly, adv.

Con-serve' (kon-serv'), v. I. [Conserved (-servd') ;
Conserving.] To save; to protect; to preserve
(fruit, etc.) with sugar. — n. Thing conserved ;
sweetmeat. — Con-serv'er, n. — Con-serv'ant
(-ser'vant), a. Preserving ; preservative. —
Con-serv'an-cy (-vcn-sy), n. Act of preserving ;
preservation. — Con'ser- va'tion (-ser-va'shun),
n. Preservation from loss or injury. — Con-
serv'a-tive (-ser'va-tTv), a. Preservative;
disposed or calculated to maintain things as
they are. — n. One opposed to radical changes.

— Con-serv'a-tism (-tiz'm), n. Opposition to
change ; desire to preserve what is established.

— Con'ser-va'tor (kon'ser-va'ter), n. A pre-
server. — Con-serv'a-to-ry ( -f.er'va-to-ry), a.
Preservatory. — n. That which preserves ; a
greenhouse for tender plants ; an art school.

Con-sid'er (kon-sid'er), v. t. & i. [Considered
(-erd); Considering.] To study; to ponder;
to weigh ; to examine. — Con-sid'er-er, n. —
Con-sid'er-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Worthy of regard ;
noteworthy ; important ; moderately large. —
Con-sid'er-a-bly, adv. — Con-sid'er-ate (-er-
at), a. Given to reflection ; mindful of others ;
careful ; discreet. — Con-sid'er-ate-ly, adv. —
Con 2sid ' er - ate - ness, n. — Con-sid'er-a'tion
(-er-a'shun), n. Act of considering ; serious
thought ; prudence ; motive ; reason ; defer-
ence ; influence ; compensation ; equivalent.

Con-Sign' (kon-sin'), v. t. [Consigned (-sind') ;
Consigning.] To give formally ; to assign ; to
commit ; to intrust. — Con'Sign-ee' (kon'sT-ne'),
n. One to whom goods are consigned for sale,
etc. ; a factor. — Con-sign'er (kon-sin'er), Con-
sign'or (kon-sin'er or k5n'sT-u6r'), n. — Con-
signment, v. A consigning; goods consigned.

— Con-sig'na-to-ry (-sig'na-to-ry), n. One of
several joint signers (of a treaty, etc.).

Con-sist' (kon-sTsf), v. i. To be made up (of) ;
to be ; to exist ; to subsist ; to be consistent or
harmonious. — Con-sist'ent (-sis'tent), a. Ac-
cordant ; harmonious ; compatible ; uniform. —
Con-sist'ent-ly, adv. — Con-sist 'ence. Con-
Sist'en-cy (-t€n-sy),n. Fixed state; agreement;
congruity ; density.

Con-sis'to-ry (kon-sTs'to-ry or kSn'sTs-to-i-^), n.
A solemn assembly ; a spiritual court ; church

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

CONSISTORIAL

87

CONSUBSTANTIATION

tribunal. — CoiUsis-to'ri-al (-to'il-al), a. Per-
taining to a consistory.

Con-SO'ci-ate (k5u-sovsliT-at), v. t. & i. To unite
in a body. — Con-SO/ci-a'tion (-s6vshi-a'shun),
n. Intimate union ; alliance ; association of
neighboring churches.

Con-SOle' (kon-sol'), v. t.
to comfort ; to soothe ;.

To cheer in distress ;

Cornice supported by Con-
soles.

A bracket. — Console ta-

to support.— Con-sor-
er, n. — Con-sol'a-ble
(-sol'a-b'l), a. Ad-
mitting consolation.

— Con'so-la'tion
(kon'so-la'shun), a.
Comfort ; solace ; al-
leviation. — Con-SOl'-
a-tO-ry (-sol'a-to-ry),
a. Affording consola-
tion ; comforting.

Con'sole (kon'sol), n.

ble. A table which

rests on a bracket

or brackets, instead

of on legs.
Con-sol'i-date (k5n-

sol'I-dat), v. t. & i.

To make or become

solid or firm ; to

unite; to condense.

— a. Formed into
a solid mass. — Con-
sol'i-dant (-dant),
a. Serving to con-
solidate. — Con-sol'-
l-da'tion (-I-da'-

shun), n. Act of
consolidating ; com-
bination of several
actions into one. —
Con-sol'i-da'tive

(-s51'T-da't!v), a.
Tending to consol-
idate ; healing.

Con'sols (kon'sBlz or
kon-solz'), n. pi.
The leading English
funded government
security.

II Con som me' (k6N/-
so'ma'), n. A clear, rich soup; bouillon.

Con'SO-nant (k5n'so-nant), a. Agreeable; con-
sistent ; accordant. — n. A sound less open
than a vowel ; letter representing such a sound.

— Con'SO-nant-ly, adv. In a consonant, con-
sistent, or congruous manner. — Con'SO-nance
(-nans), n. Accord; agreement; unison. —
Con SO-nan'tal (-nSn'tal), a. Pertaining to con-
sonants. — Con'SO-nous (kon'so-nus), a. Agree-
ing in sound ; symphonious.

Con'SOTt (kdn'sSrt), n. A companion or partner ;
wife or husband; spouse. — Con- sort' (k5n-
s&rt'), v. i. To associate. — v. t. To join.

Con-splC'U-ons (kon-spTk'u-iis), a. Obvious to
the eye ; manifest ; prominent ; eminent ; cele-
brated. — Con-spic'u-ous-ly, adv. — Con-spic'-
u-ous-ness

A Console Table ; B Plan of
Top of Console Table.

Con-spire' ( kon - spir ' ),

t. i. & t. [Conspired
(-spird') ; Conspiring.] To plot; to concert;
to contrive. — Con-spir'er (-splr'er), Con-
spir'a-tor (-spTr'a-ter), n. A plotter. — Con-
spir'a-cy (-a-sy), n. A plot ; a cabal.

Con'Sta-ble (kun'sta-b'l), n. An officer of the
peace. — Con'sta-ble-ship, n. Office of a con-
stable.— Con-Stab'u-la-ry (kun-stab'u-lti-ry), a.
Pertaining to constables. — n. Constables, col-
lectively.

Con'stant (kon'stant), c. Firm; unchanging;
fixed ; steadfast ; continual. — n. A thing not
subject to change. — Con'stant-ly, adv. — Con'-
Stan-cy (-stan-sy), n. Stability ; resolution.

Con stel-la'.tion Ckon'steWa'shun), n. A cluster
of fixed sthrs.

Con'Ster-na'tion (kon'ster-na'shun), 11. Terror ;
horror.

Con'Sti-pate (kon'stT-pat), v. t. To stop (a pas-
sage) by filling it, and preventing motion through
it ; to render costive. — Con'Sti-pa'tion (-pa'-
shuii), n. Costiveness.

Con-Stit'U-ent (kou-stTt'u-ent), a. Composing ;
component ; essential. — n. One who, or that
which, establishes, determines, or constructs ;
an element ; an elector. — Con - Stit » U - en - cy
(-en-sy), n. A body of constituents.

Con'sti-tUte (kon'stl-tut), v. t. To establish ; to
make ; to appoint. — JUon'Sti-tll'ter (-tu'ter), n.

— Con'Stl-tU'tion (-tu'shiin), n. Act of consti-
tuting ; state of being ; natural condition ; frame
of body, mind, or government. — Con'sti-tll'-
tion-al (-al), a. Belonging to, inherent in, in
accordance with, or authorized by, the constitu-
tion. — n. Exercise for health. — Con'sti-tu'-
tlon-al'i-ty (-alT-t^), n. Consistency with the
constitution. — Con'sti-tu'tion-al-ly (-al-ly ),
adv. In accordance with the constitution. —
Con'stl-tn'tlve (-tu'tTv), a. Establishing.

Con-Strain' (kon-stran'), v. t. To secure, hold
back, or impel by irresistible force ; to compel ;
to urge ; to press. — Con-strain'a-ble (-a-b'l),
a. Capable of being constrained ; liable to con-
straint. — Con-strain'ed-ly (-Sd-ly), adv. By
compulsion. — Con-strain'er. n. — Con-straint'
(-stranf ), n. Compulsion ; violence ; urgency.

Con-Strict' (kon-strlkf), v. t. To bind ; to con-
tract; to cause to shrink. — Con - stric ' tion
(-strik'shiin), n. Act of constricting ; state of
being constricted. — Con-Strict'ive (-strlk'tTv),
a. Serving to bind. — Con-Strict'or (-strik'-
ter), n. That which draws together or con-
tracts ; a serpent which secures prey by crush-
ing it within its folds.

Con-stringe' (kon-strlnj'), v. t. [Constringed
(-strinjd') ; Constringing.] To draw together;
to contract. — Con-strin'gent (-strln'jent ), a.
Contracting.

Con-Stmct' (k5n-strukf), v. t. To put together ;
to build ; to form ; to arrange ; to devise. —
Con-stmct'er, n. — Con-struc'tion (-struk'-
shtiii), n. Act or form of constructing ; thing
constructed ; fabrication ; conformation ; inter-
pretation ; sense. — Con-Stmc'tion-ist, n. One
who construes a writing or public instrument.

— Con-Struct'ive (-struk'tT v), a. Able to form ;
derived by interpretation ; inferred. — Con-
structs ve-ly, n. — Con-struct'ive-ness, n.

Con'strue (kon'stru; Archaic k5n'ster), v. t.
[Construed (-striid) ; Construing.] To trans-
late ; to interpret ; to explain.

Con'SUb-stan'tial (kon'sub-stan'shal), a. Hav-
ing the same substance. — Con'SUb-Stan'ti-ate
(-8hT-at), v. t. To unite in one common sub-
stance or nature. — Con ' sub - stan 'ti - a ' tion
(-shT-a'shun), n. Identity of substance; the

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CONSUL

88

CONTINUITY

actual presence of Christ's body in the sacra-
mental elements.

Con'sul (kon'sul), n. A chief magistrate in an-
cient Rome ; a commercial agent of a govern-
ment, in a foreign country. — Con'SU-lar (-su-
ler), Con'SU-la-ry (-la-ry), a. Pertaining to a
consul. — Con'SU-late (-lat), n. Office, juris-
diction, or residence, of a consul. — Con'sul-
Ship, n. Consulate ; term of office of a consul.

Con-sult' (kon-sulf), v. i. To seek opinion or
advice ; to take counsel ; to deliberate. — v. t.
To ask advice of ; to seek the opinion of ; to act
in favor of ; to deliberate upon. — Con-SUlt'er,
n. — Con'SUl-ta'tion (-siil-ta'shun), n. Act of
consulting or deliberating; a meeting of per-
sons, especially of lawyers or of doctors, to con-
sult together.

Consume' (kon-sum'), v. t. [Consumed (-sunid') ;
Consuming.] To destroy ; to waste ; to dissi-
pate.— v. i. To waste away slowly. — Con-
sumer, n. — Con-sum'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capa-
ble of being consumed.

Con'sum-mate (kon'sum-mat or kon-sfim'-), v. t.
To bring to completion ; to perfect ; to achieve.

— Con -sum 'mate (-sum 'mat), a. Accom-
plished ; complete ; perfect. — Gon-sum'mate-
ly, adv. — Consum-ma'tion (kon ' sum - ma' -
shun), n. Completion ; close ; perfection.

Con-sump'tion (k5n-sump'shun), n. Act of con-
suming ; state of being consumed, wasted, or
diminished ; a disease in the lungs, with fever,
cough, etc. — Con-sump'tive (-tiv), a. De-
structive ; wasting ; affected with consumption.

— n. One ill with consumption. — Con-SUmp'-
tive-ly, adv. — Con-sump'tive-ness, n.

Con'tact (kon'takt), n. Touch ; close union.

Con-ta'gion (kon-ta'jun), n. Communication of
disease by contact ; pestilential influence. —
Con-ta'gious (-jus), a. Communicable by
contact ; catching ; generating contagion ; com-
municable from one to another. — Con-ta'giOUS-
ly, adv. — Con-ta'gious-ness, n.

Con-tain' (kon-tan'), v. t. [Contained (-tand') ;
Containing.] To hold ; to comprise ; to em-
brace. — v. i. To live in chastity. — Con-tain'-
a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being contained.

— Con-tain'er, n.

Oon-tam'i-nate (kon-tam'i-nat), v. t. To soil ; to
stain ; to corrupt ; to pollute ; to defile. — Con-
tam'1-nate (-nat), a. Having defilement ; cor-
rupt ; tainted. — Con-tam'i-na-ble (-T-na-b'l),
a. — Con-tam'i-na'tion (-na'shun), n. Act of
polluting ; defilement ; taint.

Contemn' (kon-tem'), v. t. [Contemned (-tSmd') ;
Contemning (-tSm'nThg or -tSm'ing).] To des-
pise ; to scorn. — Con - tem ' ner ( - tem ' ner or
-tSm'er), n.

C on' t em-plate ( kbn'tem-plat or kon-tSm'plat ),
v. t. & i. To study ; to ponder ; to consider ;
to plan. — Con'tem-pla'tor (-ter), n.— Con tem-
pla'tion (-pla'shun), n. Act of contemplating;
meditation. — Con-tem'pla-tive (-tSm'pla-tiv),
a. Pertaining to, or addicted to, contempla-
tion ; studious ; thoughtful . — Con - tem ' pla -
tive-ly, adv. — Con-tem'pla-tive-ness, n.

Con-tem'pO-ra'ne-OUS ( kSn-tgm'po-ra'ne-us) , a.
Living or transpiring at the same time. — Con-
tem'po-ra'ne-ous-ly, adv. — Con-tem'po-ra'ne-
ous-ness, n. — Con-tem'po-ra-ry (-t8m'p4-rft-
r$), a. Contemporaneous. — n. One living at
the same time with another.

Con-tempt' (kSn-temf), n. 4ct °f contemning
or despising ; state of being despised ; disdain ;
scorn ; neglect ; slight. — Con-tempt'i-ble (-T-
b'l), a. Worthy of contempt ; despicable; abject;
mean ; sorry ; pitiful. — Con-tempt'i-ble-ness,
n. — Con-tempt'i-bly, adv. — Con-temp'tu-ous
(-tu-us), a. Manifesting contempt ; insolent ;
haughty ; disdainful ; supercilious ; insulting. —
Con-temp'tu-ous-ly, adv.

Con-tend' (kon-tend'), v. i. To strive ; to strug-
gle ; to oppose ; to dispute ; to debate. — Con-
tender, n. — Con-ten'tion (kon-tSn'shun), n.
Contest ; strife ; feud ; variance ; discord. —
Con-ten'tiOUS (-shus), a. Apt to contend ; in-
volving contention ; quarrelsome ; perverse. —
Con-ten'tious-ly, adv. — Con-ten'tious-ness, n.

Con-tent' (kon-tenf), a. Satisfied ; quiet ; at rest.
—n. Satisfaction. — v. t. To satisfy; to ap-
pease ; to gratify. — Con-tent'ed, a. Content ;
easy in mind. — Con-tent'ed-ly, adv. — Con -
tent'ed-ness, n. — Con-tent'ment, n. Content.

Con'tent (kon'tgnt or kon-tenf), n. That which
is contained ; — usually in pi. ; capacity.

Con-ten'tion ( kon -tgn' shun), Con-ten'tious
(-shiis), etc. See under Contend.

Con-ter'mi-na-ble (kSn-ter'mT-na-b'l), Con-ter'-
mi-nal (-mi-nal), Con-ter'mi-nate (-nat), Cen-
ter'mi -nous (-nus), a. Having the same
bounds ; bordering ; contiguous.

Con-test' (kon-tesf), v. t. & i. To dispute ; to
debate; to strive. — Con ' test (kon 'test), n.
Earnest dispute ; strife ; struggle ; controversy.
— Con-test'a-ble (-test'a-b'l) , a. Capable of be-
ing contested ; disputable. — Con - test ' ant
(-ant), n. An opponent ; disputant ; litigant. —
Con'tes-ta'tiOU (kSn'tes-ta'shiin), n. Strife ;
dispute.

Con'text (kon'teTist), n. The parts of a discourse
which precede or follow a sentence quoted.

Con-tex'ture (kon-teks'tur), n. Composition of
parts ; system ; structure ; texture.

Con-tig'U-OUS (kon-tig'u-us), a. In actual or
close contact ; touching ; near. — Con - tig ' U-
OUS-ly, adv. In a manner to touch. — Con-
tig'u-ous-ness, Con'ti-gu'i-ty (k5n'ti-gu'I-ty),
n. State of contact ; close union.

Con'ti-nent (k5n'ti-nent), a. Exercising restraint
as to indulgence of desires or passions ; tem-
perate ; chaste. — n. One of the larger bodies
of land on the globe.— Con ti-nen'tal (-ngn'tal),
a. Pertaining to a continent. — Con'ti-nence
(-nens), Con'ti-nen-cy (-n6n-sy), n. Self-re-
straint ; chastity. — Con'ti-nent-ly, adv. In a
continent manner ; chastely ; temperately.

Con-tin'gent (kon-tlu'jent), a. Accidental ; pos-
sible ; casual. — n. Chance ; quota ; propor-
tion. — Con-tin'gent-ly, adv. Without design ;
accidentally. — Con-tin'gence (-jens), Con-tin'-
gen-cy (-jen-sy), n. Casual event ; chance ; pos-
sibility ; accident.

Con-tin'ue (k5n-tTn'u), v. i. [Continued (-ud) ;
Continuing.] To remain ; to be permanent ; to
stay ; to preserve. — v. t. To prolong ; to pro-
tract ; to persist in. — Con-tin'u-er, ii. — Con-
tin'U-al (-«1), a. Uninterrupted ; incessant ;
constant. — Con-tin'u-al-ly, adv. — Con-tin'u-
ance (-ans), n. Permanence perseverance ;
continuation. — Con-tin'U-a'tion, n. Continued
succession ; prolongation. — Con - tin ' U - a ' tor
f-5'ter), n. One who continues. — Con'ti-nu'i-ty
(kSn'tY-nu'Y-t^), n. State of being continuous ;

a, e, I, o, u, long ; u, u, I, 6, u, y, Bhort ; senate, 6vent, Idea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

CONTINUOUS

89

CONVENIENTLY

cohesion. — Con-tin'u-OUS (-ti n'u-us), a. With-
out break, cessation, or interruption. — Con-
tin'u-ous-ly, adv.

Con-tort' (kon-t6rt/), v. t. To twist ; to writhe. —
Con-tortion (-t6r'shiin), n. A twisting ; wry
motion. — Con-tor'tive (-tt v), a. Writhing.

Con-tour' (kou-toor'), n. Bounding line ; outline.

Con'tra- (kSu'tra-). A Latin adverb and prepo-
sition, used as a prefix to signify against, con-
trary, in opposition, etc.

Con'tra-band (kon'tra-band), a. Prohibited by
law or treaty ; forbidden. — n. Illegal trade.

— Con'tra-band'ist (-band'Ist), n. A smuggler.
Con-tract' (kon-trSkf), v. t. To draw together or

nearer ; to reduce to a less compass ; to be lia-
ble to ; to make a bargain for. —v. i. To shrink ;
to bargain. — (kon'trakt), n. A bargain ; agree-
ment ; compact ; obligation. — Con - tract ' or
(-trSk'ter), n. One who contracts, esp. one who
bargains to do certain work at a specified price
or rate. — Con-tract'ed (-trSkt'ed), a. Drawn
together ; narrow ; selfish ; illiberal ; mean. —
Con-tract'ed-ly, adv. — Con-tract/ed-ness, n.
Con-tract'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. Capable of contrac-
tion. - Con-tract i-bil'i-ty ( - 1 - Ml ' T-ty), Con-
tract/i-ble-ness, n. — Con-tract'ile (-trak'tii),
a. Tending to contract , capable of contrac-
tion. — Con'trac-til'i-ty (kon'trSk-tTll-ty), n.
Quality of shrinking or contracting. — Con-
trac'tion (-trak'shun), n. A drawing together ;
a shrinking; a shortening. — Con- tract 'ive
(-trXk'tTv), a. Tending or serving to contract.

Con'tra-dance7 (kon'tra-dans'), n. A dance in
which partners are arranged in opposite lines.

Con'tra-dict' (kSn'tra-dlkf ), v. t. & i. To assert
the contrary of ; to gainsay ; to deny ; to oppose.

— Con'tra-dict'er, n. — Con'tra-dic'tion (-dik'-
shun), n. A gainsaying ; denial ; opposition ;
contrariety. — Con ' tra - die ' tiOUS (-shus), a.
Filled with contradictions ; inclined to contra-
dict. — Con'tra-dicf ive (-dik'tl v), a. Contain-
ing contradiction ; contradictory. — Con'tra-
dlct'o-ry (-to-r^), a. Affirming the contrary ;
repugnant. — n. A proposition or thing which
denies or opposes another in all its terms ; in-
consistency. — Con'tra-dict'o-ri-ly (-to-rT-ty),
adv. — Con'tra-dict'o-ri-ness, n.

Con'tra-dls-tinc'tion (kSn'tra-dls-tlnk'shun), n.
Distinction by contrast. — Con'tra-dis-tinct'ive
(-tTnk'tlv), a. Distinguishing by contrast. —
Con'tra-dis-tin'gulsh ( -tin'gwlsh ), v. t. To
distinguish by opposites.

Con'tra-in di-ca'tion (kSn'tra-Tn'dl-ka'shun), n.
A symptom that forbids the treatment usually
adopted for any disease.

Con-tral'tO (k5n-trSl'to or -tral'to), n. & a. Alto
or counter tenor.

Con'tra-ry (k5n'tra-ry" or -tra-if), a. Opposite ;
opposing ; contradictory ; perverse. — n. A
person or thing of opposite qualities. — Con'-
tra-ri-ly (-rl-ly), adv. In a contrary manner ;
in opposition ; in opposite ways. — Con'tra-ri-
ness, Con'tra-ri'e-ty (kSn'tra-ri'e-t^), n. Op-
position ; inconsistency ; discrepancy ; repug-
nance. — Con'tra-rl-wlSO' (-rT-wiz'), adv. On
the contrary ; on the other hand ; in a contrary
order ; conversely.

Contrast' (kon-trasf), v. t. & i. To stand in op-
position. — Con'trast (kSn'trast), n. Opposi-
tion of things or qualities ; comparison by con-
trariety of qualities.

Con'tra-vene' (k6n'tra-ven'), v. t. To contradict;
to cross ; to obstruct ; to oppose. — Con'tra-Ven'-
tion (-ven'shun), n. Opposition ; obstruction.

HCon'tre-temps' (kSN'tr'-taN'), n. A mishap ; an
accident.

Con-trib'Ute (kon-trtb'ut), v. t. To participate in
giving. — v. i. To give a part ; to assist. — Con-
trib'u-tor (-ter), n. — Con'tri-bu'tion (kon'trl-
bu'shun), n. Act of contributing ; sum given.
— ■ Con-trib'u-tive (-trlb'u-tiv), Con-trib'u-to-
ry (-to-ry), a. Contributing to the same pur-
pose ; promoting the same end.

Con'trite7 (kon'trit/), a. Broken down with grief ;
penitent ; humble ; sorrowful. — Con'trite'ly,
adv. — Con'tritCness, Con-tri'tion (-triBh'un),
n. Deep sorrow for sin ; remorse ; penitence.

Con-trive' (kon triv'), v. t. & i. [Contrived
(-trivd') ; Contriving.] To devise ; to plan ; to
project. — Con-triv'er, n. — Con-triv'a-ble (-a-
b'l), a. — Con-triV'ance (-trlv'ans), n. Scheme ;
device ; plan ; design ; invention.

Con-trol' (kon-trol'), n. Power to check or gov-
ern ; restraint ; direction ; superintendence. —
v. t. [Controlled (-trold') ; Controlling.] To
restrain; to check; to influence; to curb. — Con-
trol'la-ble (-la-b'l), a. — Con-trol'ler, n. One
who controls ; an officer whose duty is to keep
a counter register of accounts, or to oversee or
verify the accounts of other officers. [More
commonly written comptroller.'] — Con-trol'ler-
ship, n. Office of a controller. — Con-trol/-
ment, n. Superintendence ; restraint.

Con'tTO-ver'sy (kon'tro-veVsy), n. Dispute ; de-
bate ; discussion ; strife ; hostility. — Con'tTO-
ver'sial (-ver'shal), a. Relating to controversy ;
disputatious. — Con' tro - ver ' sial * ly, adv. —
Con'tro-ver'sial-ist, n. A disputant.

Con'tro-vert (kon'tro-vert), v. t. To dispute ; to
debate ; to contest. — Con'tro- ver'ter (-ver'ter),
Con'tro-ver'tist (-veVtlst), n. — Con'tro-ver'-
tl-ble (-ver'ti-b'l), a. Capable of being contro-
verted ; disputable. — Con'tro-ver'ti-bly, adv.

Con'tU-ma-cy (kon'tu-ma-sy), n. Persistent ob-
stinacy ; stubborn perverseness. — Con'tu-ma'-
CiOUS (-ma'shus), a. Exhibiting contumacy;
perverse; unyielding; headstrong. — Con'tU-
ma'clous-ly, adv. — Con'tu-ma'cious-ness, n.

Con'tU-me-ly (k5n'tu-me-ly), n. Insolent con-
tempt ; reproach ; disdain ; disgrace. — Con'tU-
me'li-OUS (-me'lT-iis or -mel'yus), a. Contemp-
tuous ; reproachful. — Con'tU-meli-OUS-ly, adv.

— Con'tu-meli-ous-ness, n.

Con-tuse' (kon-tuz'), v. t. [Contused (-tuzd') ;
Contusing.] To beat ; to pound ; to bruise ; to
injure by beating. — Con-tu'sion (-tu'zhiin), n.
A beating ; a bruising; state of being bruised.

Co-nun'drum (ko-nun'drum), n. A riddle sug-
gesting resemblance between things quite un-
like ; a quibble ; a puzzle.

Con'va-lesce' (kon'va-lgs'), v. i. [Convalesced
(-lest') ; Convalescing.] To recover health and
strength after sickness. — Con'va-les ' cenc©
(-ISs'sens), Con-va-les'cen-cy (-sen-s^), n. Re-
covery of health ; state of a body renewing its
vigor after sickness. — Con'va-les'cent (-sent),
a. Recovering health. — n. One recovering
from sickness.

Con-vene' (k5n-ven')> v. i. & t. [Convened
(-vend'); Convening.] To collect; to assem-
ble ; to unite. — Con-ven'ient (-vSn'yent), a.
Fit ; suitable ; commodious. — Con-ven'ient-ly,

fgrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, um, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CONVENIENCE

90 COOPERATIVE

adv.— Con-ven'ience (kon-ven'yens), Con-ven'-
ien-cy (-yen-sy), ?i. Fitness; commodiousuess.

Con'vent (kon'vent), n. A community of reli-
gious recluses ; a body of monks or nuns ; a
house occupied by such a community ; an abbey ;
a monastery ; a nunnery. — Con-VOn'tU-al (-ven'-
tu-al), a. Pertaining to a convent ; monastic.

Con-ven'ti-cle (kon-ven'tl-k'l), ft. An assembly,
especially for religious worship.

Con-ven'tion (kon-ven'shun), n. Act of coming
together ; custom ; usage ; an assembly of repre-
sentatives for deliberative purpose; a tempo-
rary treaty. — Con-ven'tion-al (-al), a. Agreed
upon ; stipulated ; depending on custom ; sanc-
tioned by usage. — Con-ven'tion-al-ly, adv.—
Con-ven tion-al'i-ty (-al'I-ty ) , Con-ven'tion-al-
ism (-al-iz'm), n. That which is received by
tacit agreement.

Con -verge' (kon-verj'), v. i. [Converged
(-verjd') ; Converging.] To tend to one point ;
to incline and approach nearer together. — Con-
vergence (-ver'jens), Con-ver'gen-cy (-jen-sy),
ft. Tendency to one point. — Con-ver' gent
(-jent), a. Tending to one point ; converging.

Con-verse' (kon-vers'), v. i. [Conversed (-versf ) ;
Conversing.] To keep company ; to talk famil-
iarly ; to talk ; to chat. — Con-vers'a-ble (-ver'-
sa-b'l), a. Sociable. — Con-vers'a-bly, adv. —
Con-vers'er, n. — Con'verse (kon'vers), n.
Famiharity; conversation. — Con'ver-sant
(kon'ver-sant), a. Familiar ; well acquainted.
— Con'ver-sa'tion (-sa'shun), n. FamUiar dis-
course ; behavior ; talk ; conference. — Con'-
Ver-sa'tion-al (-al), a. Pertaining to conver-
sation or informal intercourse ; colloquial. —
Con'ver-sa'tion-ist, Con'ver-sa'tion-al-ist, n.

One skilled in conversation.

Con'verse (kon'vers), a. Converted or reversed
in order or relation ; turned about ; reciprocal.
— ft. A reversed or inverted proposition. —
Con'verse-ly, adv. In a converse manner ; re-
ciprocally. — Con - ver ' sion ( - ver ' shun ), n.
Change. See under Convert.

Con-vert' (kon-verf), v. t. & i. To change to an-
other form or state ; to turn ; to alter. — Con'-
Vert (kon'vert), n. One who has changed his
opinions or religion ; a proselyte. — Con-vert'er
(-ver'ter), ft. — Con-ver'sion (-ver'shun), ft. A
turning or changing from one state to another ;
transformation. — Con-vert'i-ble (-ver'tT-b'l),
a. Capable of being converted, exchanged, or
interchanged ; reciprocal. — Con-vert'i-bil'i-
ty (-tT-bii'T-ty), Con-vert'i-ble-ness, n. — Con-
vert'i-bly, adv.

Con'vex (kon'veks), a. Rising or swelling into a
rounded form. — n. A convex body. — Con'-
vex-ness, Con-vex'ed-ness (-veks'ed-nes),
Con-vex'i-ty (-T-ty), n. State of being convex ;
exterior surface of a convex body. — Con'vex-
ly, adv. In a convex form.

Con-vey' (kon-va'), v. t. [Conveyed (-vad');
Conveying.] To carry ; to bear ; to transmit ;
to transfer. — Con-vey'ance (-va'ons), n. Act
of conveying ; transmission ; instrument or
means of conveying. — Con-vey'an-cer (-va'an-
ser), 11. One who draws up conveyances of
property. — Con-vey'an-cing (-sTng), n. Busi-
ness of a conveyancer.

Con-vict' (k5u-vTkf), v. t. To prove or find
guilty; to confute; to detect; to confound. —
Con'vict (k5n'vlkt), n. One proved guilty of

crime ; a malefactor ; a culprit ; a felon ; a crim-
inal. — Con-Vic'tion (-vlk'shun), n. A convict-
ing ; state of being convinced ; sense of guilt.

Con-Vince' (kbn-vins'), v. t. [Convinced (-vlnsf) ;
Convincing.] To satisfy by evidence ; to per-
suade. — Con-vin'ci-ble (-vin'si-b'l), a. Ca-
pable of being convinced.

Con-Viv'i-al (kon-viv'i-al), a. Festive; jovial;
social ; gay. — Con-viv'i-al'i-ty (-i-al'i-ty), n.
Good humor ; mirth.

Con-voke' (kon-vok'), Con'vo-cate (kon'vS-kat),
v. t. To call together ; to summon ; to assem-
ble ; to convene. — Con'VO-ca'tion (-ka'shun),
n. Assembly or meeting ; a congress ; a diet ; a
convention ; a council.

Con'vo-lute (kon'v6-lut), Con'vo-lu'ted (-lu'tSd),
a. Curved or rolled together. — Con'VO-lU'tion
(-lu'shun), n. A rolling or winding together.

Con-volve' (kon-volv'), v. t. [Convolved
(-volvd') ; Convolving.] To roll or wind to-
gether ; to twist.

Con-VOl'VU-lUS (kon-vol'vu-lus), n. A kind of
twining plant ; bindweed.

Con-voy' (kon-voi'), v. t. [Convoyed (-void') ;
Convoying.] To accompany for protection. —
Con'voy (kon'voi), n. Act of attending for
protection ; escort.

Con-vnlse' (kon-vuls'), v. t. To draw or contract
violently ;_ to agitate; to shake; to rend.—
Con-VUl'sion (-viil'shun), n. A violent spasm ;
violent and irregular motion or agitation ; com-
motion ; tumult. — Con-VUl'sive (-slv), a. Pro-
ducing, or attended with, convulsion. — Con-
vnl'sive-ly, adv.

Co'ny (ko'ny or kun'y), n. A rabbit.

COO (koo), v. i. [Cooed (kood) ; Cooing.] To
make a low sound, as doves.

Cook (kdok), u. One who prepares food for the
table, — v. t. & i. [Cooked (kookt) ; Cooking.]
To prepare (food for eating). — Cook'er-y
(kook'er-y), n. The art of preparing food.

Cook'y Oidok'y), n. A small, hard, sweet cake.

Cool (kool), a. Somewhat cold ; chilling ; indif-
ferent. — n. A moderate state of cold. —v. t.
& i. [Cooled (koold) ; Cooling.] To make or
grow cool ; to allay ; to quiet ; to moderate. —
Cool'er, n. — Cool'ly, adv. — Cool'ness, n. —
Cool'isn, a. Somewhat cool.

Coo'ly (koo'ly), Coo'lie, n. An East Indian or
Chinese porter or transported laborer.

Coom (kobm), n. Dirty, refuse matter; wheel
grease.

Coomb (koom), n. A dry measure of four bush-
els. [Written also comb.']

Coomb (kobm), Coombe, n. A valley on a hill-
side.

Coop (koop), ft. A barrel or cask ; a grated in clo-
sure for small animals or poultry. — v. t.
[Cooped (koopt) ; Cooping.] To confine in a
coop or in a narrow compass ; to crowd ; to con-
fine ; to imprison. — Coop'er (koop'er),?*. One
who makes barrels, tubs, and the like. — V. t.
To do the work of a cooper upon. — Coop'er-
age (-er-aj), ji. Price paid for cooper's work ;
a cooper's shop ; the business of a cooper.

Co-bp'er-ate (ko-op'er-at), v. i. To act or oper-
ate jointly with others ; to work together. —
Co -bp'er-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — Co -bp'er-a'tion

(-a'shun), n. A cooperating; joint operation.
— Co-bp'er-a-tive (-Sp'er-a-tTv), a. Promoting
the same end.

u, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, o, u, y, short ; seu&te, Sveut, idea, 6bey, Unite, c£re, arm, ask, all, final,

COORDINATE

91

CORKSCREW

Co-br'di-nate (k6-6r'di-nat), a. Equal in rank or
order ; not subordinate. — (-nat), v. t. To make
coordinate ; to harmonize. — Co-br'di-nate-ly,
adv. — Co-br'di-na'tion (-nafchun), n. State of
being coordinate ; the bringing different parts
or objects into similarity or harmony.

Coot (koot), n. A kind of waterfowl ; a simple-
ton.

Cop (kop), re. A ball
of thread formed
on the spindle of
a wheel.

Co-pai'ba (ko-pa'-
ba), Co-pai'va
(-va), n. The me-
dicinal resinous
juice of a South
American tree.

Co'pal (ko'pal), n.
A resinous sub-
stance used in
making varnishes.

Co-par'ce-na-ry

(ko-par'se-na-ry), Co-par'ce-ny (-n^), n.
nership in inheritance; joint heirship
par'ce-ner, n. A joint heir.

Co-part'ner (ko-part'ner), n. A joint partner ;
associate. — Co-part'ner-sMp, n. Joint interest
in any matter ; an unincorporated association
of persons to carry on business.

Cope (kop), n. A covering for the head ; a cloak
worn by priests ; the top part of a flask in foun-
dry work : coping.

Cope (kop), v. i. & t. [Coped (kopt) ; Coping
(ko'ping).] To combat ; to encounter
" (ko'j

Coot.

Part-
-Co-

'pek), re. A kopeck ; a Russian cop-

One who copies ; imitator.
The top course of a wall.
a. Large in quantity or
full. — Co'pi-OUS-ly, adv.

Co'peck

per coin.
Cop'i-er (kop'T-er), n.
Cop'ing (ko'pTng), n.
Co'pi-OUS (ko'pi-Qs),

amount ; abundant ;

— Co'pi-ous-ness, n,
Cop'per (kop'per), n. A familiar metal of reddish

color, ductile, malleable, and tenacious ; a coin,
also a boiler, made of copper. — Cop'per-ish.
Cop'per-y ( -per-y ), a. Containing or resem-
bling copper. — v. t. [Coppered ; Coppering. ]
To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper. —
Cop'per-head/ (-he'd'), n. A poisonous Amer-
ican serpent. — Cop'per-plate7 ( -plat' ), n. A
plate of copper engraved, or a print taken there-
from. — Cop'per-smith' (-smith'), n. A worker
in copper.

Cop'per-as (kop'per-as), n. Sulphate of iron;
green vitriol.

Cop'pice (kop'pis), n. A wood of small growth ;
underwood or brushwood.

Copse (kops), n. A coppice ; a thicket.

Cop'U-la (k5p'u-la), n. A word uniting the sub-
ject and predicate of a proposition. — Cop'U-
late (-lat), v. t. To unite in sexual embrace. —
Cop'U-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Act of coupling ;
coition. — Cop'U-la-tive (k5p'u-la-ti v), a. Serv-
ing to unite or connect ; uniting the sense as
well as the words in a sentence. — n. A con-
junction noting connection of ideas.

Cop'y (kop'y), n. A writing like another writing ;
a transcript ; a manuscript to be printed from ;
a model ; pattern. — v. t. & i. [Copied (-id) ;
Copying.] To transcribe ; to imitate ; to mimic.

— Cop'i-er (-?-er), Cop'y-er, Cop'y-ist (-T-Tst),

n. One who copies, transcribes, or plagiarizes.

— Copy book. A book containing copies for
learners to imitate. — Cop'y-giaph (-grSf), n.
A contrivance for producing manifold copies of
a writing or drawing. — Cop'y-right' (-rhV), n.
The exclusive right of an author to publish his
own works, —v. t. To secure by copyright (a
book, drama, picture, etc.).

Co-quet' (ko-kef), v. t. [Coquetted ; Coquet-
ting.] To attempt to attract admiration or
love, with intent to disappoint. — v. i. To
trifle in love ; to flirt. — Co-quet'ry (-ry), n. Af-
fectation of amorous advances ; propensity to
coquet. — Co-quette' (-kef), n. A woman given
to coquetry ; a jilt. — Co-quet'tish (-tish), a.
Practicing or exhibiting coquetry ; befitting a
coquette. — Co-quet'tish-ly, adv.

iCo-qul'na (ko-ke'na), n. A soft, whitish coral-
like stone.

Cor'a-Cle (k5r'a-k'l), n. A Welsh fishing boat,
having a wicker frame covered with leather, etc.

Cor'al (k5r'al), n. The solid secretion of zoo-
phytes, consisting almost purely of carbonate of
lime. — Cor'al-line (-lln or -lin), a. Of, like,
or containing, coral.

Coi/ban (kcVban), n. An alms basket ; a gift ;
alms; oblation.

Cor'bel (kQr'bel), n. A short piece of timber,
iron, etc., in a wall, jutting out like a bracket.

— v. t. To furnish with corbels.

Cord (k6rd), n. A string, or small rope ; a solid
measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet ; a pile 8
feet long, 4 feet high, and 4 feet broad, —v. t.
To bind with a cord ; to pile up (wood) for meas-
urement and sale by the cord. — Cord'age (-aj)i
n. Ropes or cords ; — used collectively.

Cor'date (kor'dat), a. Heart-shaped.

Cor'dlal (kSr'jal or kord'yal), a. Proceeding
from the heart ; tending to revive, cheer, or in-
vigorate ; hearty ; warm ; affectionate. — n.
Anything that comforts ; a medicine which
does so ; aromatized and sweetened spirit, em-
ployed as a beverage. — Cor'dial-ly, adv. —
Cor-dial'i-ty (k6r-jal'T-ty or k6r'di-51'-),
Cor'dial-ness, n. Hearty good will.

Cor'don (k6r'd5n ; F. koVdo"N'), n. A ribbon
borne as a badge of honor ; a nine of military
posts.

Cor'du-roy' (kGr'du-roi' or koVdu-ror'), n. A
thick cotton stuff, corded or ribbed on the sur-
face. — Corduroy road. A roadway formed of
logs laid side by side across it.

Cord'wain-er (k6rd'wan-er), n. A shoemaker.

Core (kor), n. The heart or inner part of a thing,
esp. of fruit ; the internal mold which forms a
hollow in casting, as in a tube or pipe. — v. t.
[Cored (kord) ; Coring.] To take out the core
or inward parts of. — Cor'er, n.

Co'ri-a'ceous (ko'rT-a'shus), a. Consisting of or
resembling leather ; leathery.

CoTi-an'der (ko'rT-anMer), n. A plant bearing
spicy medicinal seeds.

Co-rili'thi-an (ko-rin'thi-an), a. Pertaining to
Corinth, or to Corinthian architecture.

Cork (kQrk), n. The outer bark of the cork-
tree ; a stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of
cork. — v. t. [Corked (kQrkt) ; Corking.] To
stop with corks ; to furnish with cork. — Cork'y
(-y), a. Consisting of, or like, cork. — Cork'-
SCrew' (-skru/), n. A kind of screw for drawing
corks from bottles.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CORMORANT

92

CORROSION

Cor'mo-rant (kSr'mo-rant), n. A web-footed sea I
bird, of the Pelican family ; a glutton.

Com (k6rn), n. A seed of certain plants, as
wheat, rye, barley, and maize; grain. — v. t.
[Corned (kCrnd) ; Corning.] To preserve or
cure with salt ; to granulate ; to feed with corn ;
to intoxicate. — Corn'COD7 (-kob'), n. The axis
on which the kernels of maize grow. — Corn'-
shuck' (-shuk'), n. The husk covering an ear
of maize. — Corn'stalk' (-stak'), n. A stalk of
maize. — Corn'starch' ( - starch ' ), n. Starch [
made from maize, used for puddings, etc.

Com (k6rn), n. A hard, hornlike excrescence
on the feet. — Cor'ne-ons (kSr'ne-tis), Corn'y,
a. Hard, like horn.

Cor'ne-a (k6r'ne-a), n. ; pi. Corneas (-az). The
horny, transparent membrane covering the
pupil of the eye.

Cor'nel (kSr'nel), n. A shrub and its fruit.

Cor-nel'ian (kor-nel'yan), n. Carnelian.

Cor'ner (kGr'ner), n. An angle ; space between
two converging lines or walls which meet in a
point ; a secret or retired place ; an embarrass-
ing position. — v. t. [Cornered (-nerd) ; Cor- ;
nering.] To drive into a corner, or into a po-
sition of difficulty or necessary surrender; to
get control of (stocks). — Cor'ner- wise' (-wiz'),
adv. From corner to corner ; with the corner
in front ; diagonally. — Comer stone. A stone
at the corner of two walls, and uniting them ; a
thing of great importance or indispensable.

Cor'net (kSr'net), n. A musical wind instru-
ment; the standard bearer of a troop of cav-
alry. — Cor'net-cy (-sy), n. The commission or
. rank of a cornet.

Cor'nice (ko"r'ms), n. The molding at the top of
a wall or column.

Cor nu-CO'pi-a (k&Vnu-ko'pT-a), n. The horn of
plenty ; — an emblem of abundance.

Cor'ol (kor'51), ) n. The inner part of a

Co-rol'la (ko-r51'la), J flower, composed
of leaves, called petals.

Cor'Ol-la-ry (kor'ol-la-rjf), n. An infer-
ence derived incidentally ; a consequent
truth.

Co-ro'na (ko-ro'na), n. Crown ; halo.

— Cor'O-nal (kor'6-nal or ko-ro'nal), a.
Pertaining to a crown, a coronation, or
the top of the head. — n. A crown ;
a wreath ; the frontal bone. — Cor'O- Corolla,
na-ry (kor'o-na-ry), a. Relating to a Many- 1
or resembling a crown. — Cor'O-na'- petaled : b
tion (-na'shun), n. The act or solem- Singk-per,
nity of crowning (a sovereign).

Cor'O-ner (k5r'o-ner), n. An officer who inquires
into the manner of a violent death.

Cor'O-net (kor'o-ngt), n. A crown worn by noble
men ; upper part of a horse's hoof.

Cor'po-ral (k6r'po-ral), n. The low-
est officer of a military company of
infantry.

Cor'po-ral (k6r'po-ral), a. Pertain-
ing to the body ; having a body coronet,
or substance ; not spiritual ; mate-
rial ; bodily. — Cor'po-ral'1-ty (-r51'T-ty), n.
State of being a body or embodied ; materiality.

— Cor'po ral-ly (kGr'po-rr/1-ly), a<lr. In or
with the body; bodily. — Cor'po-rate (-rat),
a. United in an association; incorporated;
belonging to a corporation. — Cor'po-rate-ly,
adv. In a corporate capacity. — Cor po-ra'tion

(-ra'shun), n. A society legally authorized to
act as a single person. — Cor'po-ra'tor (-ra'ter),
n. A member of a corporation. — Cor-po're-al
(kor-po're-al), a. Having a body ; material. —
Cor-po're-al-iSt, n. One who denies the reality
of spiritual existences ; a materialist. — Cor-po/-
re-al'i-ty (-al'i-ty), n. State of being corporeal.

— Cor-po're-al-ly (-po're-al-ly), adv. In a bod-
ily form or manner. — Cor/po-re'i-ty (koVpo-
re'T-ty), n. Materiality.

Corps (kor, pi. korz), n. sing. & pi. A body of
troops.

Corpse (kSrps), n. A dead human body.

Cor'pu-lent (k6r ' pu - lent), a. Having an ex-
cessive quantity of flesh ; fleshy ; fat ; pursy ;
obese. — Cor'pn-lent-ly, adv. — Cor'pu-lence
(-lens), Cor'pu-len-cy (-len-sy), n. Fleshiness.

Cor'pus-Cle (k6r'pus-s'l), n. A minute particle ;
an atom. — Cor-pus'CU-lar (kor-piis'kS-ler), a.
Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles.

Cor-rect' (kor-rekf), a. Right; proper; free
from error ; accurate ; exact ; precise ; regular.

— v. t. To make or set right ; to reprove or
punish for faults ; to amend ; to rectify ; to im-
prove ; to chastise ; to punish ; to chasten. —
Cor-rect'ly, adv. — Cor-rect ' ness, n. — Cor-
rector (-er), n. — Cor-rec'tion (-rek'shun), n.
A correcting ; amendment ; punishment ; dis-
cipline. — Cor - rec 'tion - al (-ai), Cor-rect'ive
(-rek'tiv), a. Tending to correct.

Cor're-late' (kor're-lat' or kor're-laf), v. i. To
have reciprocal or mutual relations ; to be mu-
tually related. — Cor're-la'tion (-la'shun), n.
Reciprocal or mutual relation. — Cor-rel'a-tive
(-rel'a-tTv), a. Having or indicating reciprocal
relation; reciprocal, —n. One that stands in
reciprocal relation to another ; the antecedent
of a pronoun. — Cor-rel'a-tive-ly, adv.

Cor're-spond' (kor're-spond'), v. i. To suit ; to
agree ; to fit ; to have intercourse ; to inter-
change letters. — Cor're-spond'ence (-spon'-
dens), Cor're-spond'en-cy (-den-sy), n. Mutual
adaptation of one thing to another ; fitness ;
intercourse ; letters between correspondents. —
Cor're-spond'ent (-dent), a. Having or indica-
ting correspondence or fitness; suitable; an-
swerable, —n. One who corresponds ; one with
whom intercourse is carried on by letters. —
Cor're-spond'ent-ly, Corre-spond'ing-ly, adv.

Cor'ri-dor (k5r'ri-dor or -dor), n. A gallery
leading to independent apartments.

Cor'ri-gi-ble (kor'rT-jT-b'l), a. Capable of being
set right ; punishable. — Cor'ri-gi-ble-ness, n.

Cor-ri'val (kor-ri'wl), n. A fellow-rival ; a com-
petitor. — a. Having contending claims ; emu-
lous.

Cor-rob'O-rate (k5r-rob'o-rat), v. t. To make more
certain ; to confirm. — Cor-rob'0-rant(-r«nt),</.
Strengthening. — n. A medicine that strength-
ens the body when weak ; a tonic. — Cor-rob'O-
ra'tion (-6-ra'shvin), n. A corroborating or con-
firming ; a confirmation. — Cor-rob'O-ra-tive
(-ra-tiv), a. Corroborating; confirmatory, —n.
A corroborant. — Cor-rob'0-ra-tO-ry (-to-ry), a.
Tending to strengthen ; corroborative.

Cor-rode/ (k5r-rod'), V. t. To eat away or consume
by degrees; to canker; to gnaw; to rust; to wear
away. — Cor-rod'ent (-ro'dent), v. Any sub-
stance that corrodes. — Cor-rod'i-ble (-dl-b'l),
Cor-ro'si-Dle (-sT-b,l), a. Capable of being cor-
roded or eaten away. -»- Cor-ro'sion (-ro'zhun),

a, e, l, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, Obey, fcnite, care, arm, ask, ail, final,

CORROSIVE

93

COUGH

n. An eating or wearing away slowly. — Oor-
TO'sive (-siv), a. Eating away ; acrimonious. —
n. Anything that corrodes, frets, or irritates.

Cor'ru-gate (kor'ru-gat), v. t. To form into
wrinkles or folds. — (-gat), a. Wrinkled ; fur-
rowed ; contracted.— CorTU-ga'tionC-ga'shun),
n. A contraction into wrinkles.

Cor-rupt' (kor-rupf), v. t. To change from a
sound to a putrid state ; to change from good to
bad ; to vitiate ; to deprave ; to defile ; to entice ;
to bribe, —v. i. To putrefy ; to rot ; to lose pur-
ity.— a. Spoiled ; tainted ; depraved ; debased ;
perverted. — Cor-mpt'ly, adv.— Cor-rupfness,
n. — Cor-rupt'er (-rup'ter), n. — Cor-rupt'i-ble
( - tT - b'l ), a. Capable of being corrupted. —
n. That which may decay and perish ; the hu-
man body. - Cor-rupt'i-bil'i-ty (-bll'T-t?),
Cor-mpt'i-ble-ness, n. — Cor-rupt'i-bly, adv.
— Cor-rup'tion (-rur/shun), n. A corrupting ;
putrefaction ; pollution ; debasement ; adultera-
tion; depravity; wickedness; taint. — Cor-rupt'-
ive (-tiv), n. Having the quality of corrupting.

Cor'sage (kQr'saj), n. The bodice of a dress.

Cor'sair (kSr'sSr), n. A pirate ; a piratical vessel.

Corse (k6rs or kors), n. A corpse.

Corse'let (kSrs'let), n. A light breastplate.

Cor'set (k6r's5t), n. A bodice worn by women
to support the figure ; stays.

HCor/t6ge/ (kSr'tazh'), n. A train of attendants.

Cor'tes (kQr'tes), n. pi. The legislative assembly
of Spain or Portugal.

Cor'ti-cal (k6r'tT-kal), a. Belonging to, or con-
sisting of, bark ; external. — Cor'ti-cate (-kat),
Cor'ti-ca'ted (-ka'ted), a. Having or resembling
the bark or rind of a tree.

Cor'US-cate (kor'Qs-kat or ko-rus'kat), v. i. To
throw off flashes of light ; to glitter ; to gleam ;
to sparkle. — Co-ms'cant (ko-rus'kant), a.
Flashing. — Cor'US-ca'tion (koVus-ka'shiin), n.
A sudden flash ; blaze ; radiation.

Cor'vet (kor'vet), Cor-vette' (kor-vef), n. A
sloop of war.

Cor'vine (koVvin), a. Pertaining to the crow or
raven.

Cor'ymb (kor'Tmb or -Im), n. A species of in-
florescence.

Co'sey (ko'zy), a. See Cozy.

Cosmetic (koz-met'ik), a. Improving the com-
plexion, —n. An external application to im-
prove the complexion.

Cos'miC (koz'mTk), C0S'miC-al (koz'mT-kal), a.
Pertaining to the cosmos, or universe, or solar
system ; rising or setting with the sun.

Cos-mog'o-ny (koz-mog'6-n^), n. Science of the
formation of the world.

Cos-mog'ra-phy (koz-mog'ra-fy), n. A descrip-
tion of the world or universe. — Cos-mog'ra-
pher (-fer), n. — Cos'mo-graph/ic (-mo-graf-
Ik), a. Pertaining to cosmography.

Cos-mol'0-gy (koz-mol'o-jy), n. Science of the
world or universe. — Cos-mol'O-gist (-jist), n.

Cos'mo-pol'i-tan (koz'mo-poi'T-trni), Cos-mop'o-
lite (-m5p,6-lit), n. One who has no fixed resi-
dence, but is at home in every place ; a citizen
of the world.

Cos'mo-ra'ma (koz'mo-ra'ma or -ra'ma), n. An
optical exhibition of paintings of parts of the
world.

llCos'mos (koz'mos),TC. The universe ; system of
law, harmony, and truth combined within the
universe.

Cos'set (k5s'set), n. A lamb reared by hand; a
pet. — v. t. To fondle ; to coddle.

Cost (kost), v. t. To require to be given, ex-
pended, or laid out for ; to cause to be suffered.

— n. Amount paid ; price ; loss ; suffering. —
Cost' ly, a. Of great cost or high price ; expen-
sive ; sumptuous. — Cost'li-ness. n.

Cos'tal (kos'tal), a. Pertaining to the ribs.

Cos'tive (kos'tlv), a. Retaining fecal matter in
the bowels ; constipated. — Cos/tlve-ness, n.

Cost'li-ness, n., Cost'ly, a. See under Cost.

Cos'tume' (k5s'tum' or kos-tum'), n. Style or
mode of dress. — Cos'tunVer (-tum'er), n. One
who makes or provides costumes, for theaters,
balls, etc.

Co/sy (ko'zy), a. See Cozy.

Cot (kot), Cote (kot), n. A small house ; a cot-
tage ; a hut ; an inclosure for beasts ; a cover
for a sore finger.

Cot, Cott (kot), n. A small sleeping place ; a lit-
tle bed ; a cradle ; a folding bedstead.

Co-tem'po-ra'ne-ous, Co-tem'po-ra-ry, etc. See
Contemporary.

HCo/te-rie/ (ko'te-re'), n. A set of persons who
meet familiarly ; a club ; a clique.

HCo'til'lon' (ko^e'yoN' or ko'teFyONO, Co-til'-
lion (ko-tTl'yiin), n. A brisk quadrille dance;
woolen dress material.

Cot'tage (kSt/taj), n. A small
dwelling ; a cot ; a hut. — Cot'ta-
ger (-ta-jer), Cot'ter (-ter), n.
One who lives in a cottage.

Cot'ter (kot'ter), n. A wedge for
fastening together parts of a ma-
chine or structure ; a key. — v. t.
To secure with a cotter.

Cot'to-lene (k5t'to-len), n. A
cotton-seed product used as lard.

Cot'ton (kot't'n), n. A plant growing in warm cli-
mates ; soft, downy, wool-
like fiber produced by it ;
cloth or thread made of
this fiber. — a. Made of
cotton. — v. i. To rise
with nap, as cloth does ;
to unite ; to adhere ; to
agree.— Cot'ton-y (-t'n-^),
a. Soft ; downy.

Cot'y-le'don (kot'T-le'dun),
n. Seed lobe of a plant.

— Cot'y-led'on-al (-led'-
un-ai), Cot'y-led'on-ous
( - us ), a. Pertaining to
cotyledons; having a seed
lobe.

Couch (kouch), n. A place
for rest or sleep ; a layer or
stratum —v. t. [Couched Cotton Plant.

(koucht) ; Couching.] To

lay down upon a bed, or resting-place ; to com-
pose to rest ; to put in language ; to express ; to
phrase ; to state ; to remove (a cataract from
the eye). — v. i. To lie down ; to recline ; to
repose ; to hide. — Couch'aiit (-ant), a. Lying
down ; squatting.

Cou'gar (koo'gar), n. An American feline quad-
ruped ; a puma ; a panther ; a catamount.

Cough (kaf), v. i. & t. [Coughed (kaft) ; Cough-
ing.] To expel (air or irritating matter) from
the lungs or throat. — n. Noisy expulsion of
air from the chest.

a Cotter.

f$rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

COULD

94

COUPLET

Could (k66d), imp. of Can.

Coul'ter, n. Same as Colteb.

Coun'cil (koun'sil), n. An assembly for consul-
tation or advice. — Coun'cil-or (-er), n. A mem-
ber of a council.

Coun'sel (koun'sel), n. Interchange of opinions ;
consultation ; prudence ; advice ; purpose ; plan ;
one who advises; a legal advocate or body of
lawyers managing a case. — v. t. [Counseled
(-seld) or Counselled ; Counseling or Counsel-
ling.] To advise ; to admonish. — Coun'sel-Or
(-er), n. An adviser ; a barrister ; a lawyer.

Count (kount), v.t. To number ; to reckon ; to
compute ; to esteem ; to ascribe. — v. i. To
number ; to add strength or influence ; to de-
pend ; to rely. — n. Act of numbering ; ascer-
tained amount ; reckoning ; part of a declara-
tion. — Count'er, n. One who counts or keeps
an account ; a piece of metal, etc., used in keep-
ing accounts or tallies ; a table on which to
count money or exhibit goods. — Count/less
(-les), a. Numberless ; innumerable.

Count (kount), n. A European nobleman, equal
in rank to an English earl. — Count'ess (-es),
n. The wife of an earl or count.

Coun'te-nance (koun'te-nans), n. Appearance;
look ; mien ; the face ; aid ; encouragement. —
v. t. To encourage ; to favor ; to support.

Count'er, n. See under Count, v. t.

Coun'ter (koun'ter), a. Contrary ; opposite ; con-
trasted ; antagonistic. — adv. In opposition ;
contrariwise ; in the wrong way.

^r* This word is prefixed to many verbs and
nouns, expressing opposition.

— a. The after body of a ship ; a high tenor in
music ; the heel part of a shoe.

Coun'ter-act' (koun'ter-Skf), v. t. To act in op-
position to ; to hinder ; to defeat ; to frustrate.

— Coun'ter-ac'tlon (-ak'shun), n. Action in
opposition ; hindrance.

Coun/ter-bal'ance (koun'ter-bSl'ans), v. t. To
oppose with an equal weight ; to act against. —
Coun'ter-'bal'ance (koun'ter-bSFans), n. Equal
opposing weight ; equivalent.

Coun'ter-Chann' (koun'ter-charm'), v. t. To de-
stroy the effect of a charm upon. — Coun'ter-
charm/ (koun'ter-ch*arm'), n. That which dis-
solves a charm.

Counter-check' (koun'ter-chgk'), v. t. To check ;
to oppose. — Coun'ter-check' (koun'ter-chgk'),
n. A check ; a stop ; a rebuke.

Coun'ter-Claim' ( koun'ter-klam' ), n. A claim
that one makes to offset a claim made upon him.

Coun'ter-CUr'rent (koun'ter-kur'rent), a. Run-
ning in an opposite direction. —w. A current
running opposite to the main current.

Coun'ter-I eit ( koun ' ter - fit ), a. Resembling ;
made like something else, in order to defraud ;
false ; spurious. — v. t. To put on a semblance
of; to imitate with a view to deceive or de-
fraud ; to forge, — v. i. To dissemble ; to feign.
— n. Likeness; counterpart; a forgery; a
cheat ; an impostor. — Coun'ter-feit er (-fitt-
er), n.

Coun'ter-mand' (koun'ter-mand'),?'. t. To revoke
(a former command). — Coun'ter-mand (koun'-
ter-mand), n. A contrary order.

Coun'ter-march' (koun ' ter -march'), v.t. To
march back, or in a reversed order. — Coun'ter-
march' ( koun 'ter- march ' ), n. A marching
back ; change of the wings or face of a battalion.

Coun'ter-mine/ (koun'ter-minO, n. An under-
ground gallery made to intercept and destroy
the mines of a besieging enemy ; measures for
opposition or counteraction. — Coun'ter-mine'
( kounaer-min' ), v. t. & i. To frustrate by
secret and opposing measures.

Coun'ter-pane7 (koun'ter-pan'), n. A coverlet for
a bed.

Coun'ter-part' (koun'ter-parf), n. A part corre-
sponding to another part ; a copy ; a duplicate ;
an opposite.

Coun'ter plea' (koun'ter pie7). A replication.

Coun'ter-plot' (koun'ter-plof), v. t. To oppose
(another plot) by plotting. — Coun ' ter - plot '
(koun'ter-plot/), n. A plot or artifice opposed
to another.

Coun'ter-point' (koun'ter-poinf), n. An oppo-
site point ; the art of composing music in parts.

Coun'ter-poise' ( koun'ter-poiz' ), v. t. To act
against with equal weight ; to counterbalance.
— Coun'ter-poise' (koun'ter-poiz'), n. A weight
sufficient to balance another ; equilibrium ; equi-
ponderance.

Coun'ter-SCarp7 (koun'ter-skarp'), n. The exte-
rior slope of the ditch in fortifications ; also, the
whole covered way, with its parapet and glacis.

Coun'ter-Sign' (koun'ter-shy), v. t. To sign (as
secretary) opposite the signature of a principal,
to attest authenticity. — n. The signature of a
secretary, to attest authenticity; a private signal,
which must be given in order to pass a sentry.

Coun'ter-Sink' (koun'ter-sTnk'), v. t. To form a
depression around the top of (a hole in wood,
metal, etc. ), to receive the head of a screw or
bolt below the surface ; to sink (a screw or bolt)
even with or below the surface. — «. A cavity
for receiving the head of a bolt ; a tool for form-
ing such a depression.

Coun'ter ten'or (koun'ter ten'er). A middle
part in music, between tenor and treble.

Coun'ter-vail' (koun'ter-val'), v. t. [Counter-
vailed (-vald'); Countekv ailing.] To act
against with equal force or effect ; to balance.

Count'ess (kount'es), n. Wife of an earl or count.

Count'ing-house7 (kount'Tng-housO, Count'ing-
room/ (-room'), n. A house or room for keeping
books, papers, and accounts.

Countless (kountles), n. Innumerable; num-
berless.

Coun'try (kun'tr^), n. A region ; a rural region,
as opposed to a city ; a state ; native land. —a.
Rural ; rustic ; unrefined ; rude. — Coun'tri-fled
(-trY-fid), a. Rustic in manner or appearance ;
uncouth. — Coun'try-man, Coun'try-wom an,
n. An inhabitant of the country ; a rustic ; a
citizen of one's own country ; a compatriot.

Coun'ty ( koun'ty" ), n. Orig., an earldom ; an
administrative district of a state ; a shire.

||Cou/p6/ (koo^pa'), n. A compartment of a Euro-
pean railway car-
riage; a four-
wheeled close car-
riage.

Cou'ple (kiip''l), n.
Two tilings of the
same kind ; a pair ;
a brace, —v. t. & i.
[CourLED(kup"ld); <-m,I1e-

Coupling (-lTng).] To link or connect together ;
to join; to embrace; to marry. — C OUp 'ler
(-ler), n. — Coup'let (-ISt), 71. Two verses that

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

COUPLING

95

CRACK

rhyme ; a pair. — Coup'ling (-lTng), n. Con-
nection ; sexual union ; that which connects one
thing with another, as a hook, chain, etc.

Cou'pon (kod'pon ; F. koo'pSN'), n. An interest
certificate attached to a bond ; a section of a
ticket, showing the accommodation due to the
holder.

CoilX'age (kur'aj), n. Boldness in meeting dan-
ger or suffering ; bravery ; daring ; firmness.

— Cour-a'geous ( kur - a ' jus ), a. Possessing,
or characterized by, courage ; heroic ; intrepid ;
fearless ; stout ; enterprising. — Cour-a'geous-
ly, adv. — Cour-a'geous-ness, n.

Cou'ri-er (koo'rT-er), n. A messenger sent in
haste ; an attendant on travelers.

Course (kors), n. A passing or running ; ground
traversed ; line of progress ; direction ; stated
action ; method ; conduct ; portion of a meal
served at one time ; horizontal range of stone,
brick, etc., in a building. — v. t. & i. [Coursed
(korst) ; Coursing.] To run ; to hunt ; to chase.

— Cours'er, n. One who courses or hunts ; a
swift horse ; a racer.

Court (kort), n. An inclosed space ; yard; the resi-
dence of a sovereign, nobleman, etc. ; a palace ;
the retinue of a sovereign ; conduct designed to
gain favor ; politeness ; addresses ; seat of jus-
tice ; a judge in any case, as distinguished from
the counsel ; a session of a judicial assembly. —
v. t. To seek the favor of ; to solicit ; to ask in
marriage ; to woo ; to allure ; to attract. —
Court/ly, a. Relating to a court ; polite ; ele-
gant ; obsequious. — Court' li-ness, n. — Court/-
ier (-yer),n. One who frequents courts, or who
solicits favors. — Court'ship, n. Solicitation
of favor ; wooing in love. — Court card. See
Coat card, under Coat, n. — Court hand.
Handwriting used in records and judicial pro-
ceedings.

Cour'te-ous (kfir'te-fis), a. Of courtlike or ele-
gant and condescending manners; manifesting
courtesy ; obliging ; polite ; civil ; complaisant.

— Cour'teous-ly, adv. — Cour'te-ous-ness, n.
Cour'te-san (kfir'te-zgu), n. A prostitute ; a har-
lot ; a strumpet.

Cour'te-sy (kfir'te-sy), n. Elegance of manners ;
act of civility or respect ; favor or indulgence,
as distinguished from right.

Courtesy (kfirt'sy), n. A gesture of respect by
women, — v. i. [Courtesdsd (-sld) ; Courte-
sying.] To bow the body slightly, with bend-
ing of the knees, as an expression of civility.

Court'liouse7 (kort'housO, n. A house in which
established courts are held ; a county town.

Court-mar'tial (kort'mar'shal),?*. ; pi. Courts-
martial. A court of officers, for trial of of-
fenses against military or naval laws. — v. t. To
subject to trial by a court-martial.

Court'-plas'ter (kort 'plaster), n. Sticking
plaster made of silk.

Cous'in (kuz"n), n. One collaterally related ; a
child of an uncle or aunt. — Cous'in-ger'man
(-jer'man), n. ; pi. Cousins-german. A first
cousin ; a cousin in the first generation.

Cove (kov), n. A small creek or bay ; a recess in
a mountain side. — v. t. To arch over.

CoVe-nant (kuv'e-nant), n. An agreement ; a
contract; a bargain. — (-nSnt), v. i. & t. To
stipulate ; to contract. — Cov'e-nant-er (-er), n.
One who makes an agreement. — Cov'e-nant-or'
(-or'), n. The party who makes a legal covenant.

Cov'er (kuv'er), v. t. [Covered (-erd) ; Cover-
ing.] To spread over ; to clothe ; to conceal ; to
screen; to hide ; to comprehend. —to. Shelter;
disguise. — Cov'er-iug, n. Anything spread
over. — CoVer-let (-let), n. A bedspread.
Cov'ert (kuv'ert), a. Covered over ; hid ; shel-
tered ; private ; disguised. — n. A hiding place ;
a thicket ; a shelter ; a defense ; feathers at the
base of the quills in bird's wings and tails. —
Cov'ert-ly, aclv. Secretly ; privately.

CoVer-ture (kuv'er-tu'r), n. Covering ; shelter ;
condition of a woman during marriage.

Cov'et (kiiv'et), v. t. [Coveted; Coveting.] To
wish for inordinately, unreasonably, or unlaw-
fully ; to hanker after ; to lust after. — Cov'et-
OUS (-et-us), a. Inordinately desirous ; excess-
ively eager ; avaricious ; miserly ; niggardly. —
Cov'et-ous-ly, adv. — Covret-ous-ness, n.

Cov'ey (kuv'y) n. A brood of young birds; a
company ; a set.

COW (kou), «.; pi. Cows (kouz) ; old pi. KrNB
(kin). The female of horned cattle, also of some
large mammals, as the whale, seal, etc.

COW (kou), v. t. [Cowed (koud) ; Cowing.] To
depress with fear ; to overawe ; to daunt.

Cow'ard (kou'erd), n. One who lacks courage to
meet danger ; a craven ; poltroon ; dastard. —
a. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. — Cow'-
ard-ice (-is), n. Want of courage ; pusillanim-
ity.— Cow'aid-ly (-ly), «• Wanting courage ;
timorous ; dastardly ; mean ; base. — adv. In
the manner of a coward. — Cowrard-li-ness, n.

Cow'er (kou'er), v. i. [Cowered (-erd) ; Cower-
ing.] To sink by bending the knees ; to crouch
through fear.

Cow'herd' (kou'herd/), n. One who tends cows.

Cow'Mde7 (kou'hidO, n. The hide of a cow ;
leather, or a whip, made from it.

Cowl (koul), n. A monk's hood ; a cap for the

- top of a chimney.

Gow'lick' (koulikO, n. A tuft of hair turned up
over the forehead.

Cow'pox' (kou'poksO, n. The vaccine disease.

Cow'rie (kou'ry), Cow'ry, n. A small shell, used
for monev in the East Indies.

Cow'slip/ (kou'slip/), n. A species of primrose,
growing in moist places.

Cox'COmb7 (koks'kom'), n. A cockscomb.

Coy (koi), a. Shrinking from familiarity; shy;
bashful ; distant. — Coy'ly, adv. — Coy'ness,n.

Coy-O'te (koi-o'ta or koi-ot'), n. A dog-like ani-
mal of Western North America ; a prairie wolf.

Coz (kuz), n. Contraction of Cousin.

Coz'en (kuz"n), v. t. [Cozened (-'nd) ; Cozening.]
To cheat ; to beguile ; to deceive. — Coz-en-age
(-aj), n. Trick ; fraud. — Coz'en-er, n.

Co'zy (ko'zy), a. Snug ; easy. — Co'zi-ly, adv.

Crab (krSb), n. A ten-legged crustaceous animal ;
a wild apple ; a ma-
chine for hoisting,
holding, etc. — Crab'-
bed (krab'bed), a.
Harsh ; rough ; cross ;
morose. — Crab'bed-
ly, adv. — CrabO)ed-
ness. n.

Crack (krSk), v. t. & L
[Cracked (kr5kt) ;
Cracking.] To break ; to snap. — n. A partial
separation ; a fissure ; a crevice ; a sudden sharp
noise ; craziness ; insanity. — a. Particularly

Crab.

iSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, uru, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

CRACKER

96

CREDENTIAL

excellent. [Colloq.} — Crack'er (krSk'er), n.
One who, or that which, cracks ; a hard biscuit ;
a small, noisy firework ; a nickname for a poor
white in the Southern States.

Crac'kle (krak'k'l), v. i. To make slight cracks ;
to make small, abrupt, snapping noises. — n. A
crackling ; a glazing on pottery which causes it
to seem cracked in all directions. — Crac'kling
(-kllng), n. Small, abrupt cracks or reports ;
the rind of roasted pork.

Cra'dle (kra/d'l), n. A rocking bed for infants ;
framework attached to scythes, to catch grain
when mown. — v. t. To lay (a child) in a cra-
dle ; to nurse ; to cut (gram) with a cradle.

Craft (kraft), n. Dexterity in manual employ-
ment ; a trade ; cunning ; guile ; vessels of any
kind. — Craft'y (kraf'ty), a. Cunning ; sly ;
shrewd ; tricky. — Craft'i-ly, adv. — Craft'i-
ness, n. — Crafts'man (krafts'man), n. ; pi.
Craftsmen (-men). An artificer ; a mechanic.

Crag (krSg), n. A steep, rugged rock. — Crag'-
ged (-ged), Crag'gy (-gy), a. Full of crags. —
Crag'ged-ness, Crag'gi-ness, n.

Cram (krSm), v. t. & i. [Crammed (krSmd) ;
Cramming.] To eat greedily ; to stuff ; to fill ; to
prepare for examination, by reviewing studies.

Gram' bo (kram'bo), n. A game at rinding rhymes.

Cramp (kramp), n. A restraint ; a spasm of the
muscles ; an iron implement to hold objects to-
gether. — v. i. [Cramped (krSmt) ; Cramping.]
To hold tightly together ; to restrain ; to hinder.

Cram-poons' (kram-podnz'), n. pi. Hooked pieces
of iron, for holding or hoisting heavy materials.

Cran'ber-ry (kran ' ber-r^)
n. A red, sour berry,
growing in swamps.

Crane (kran), n. A wading
bird ; a machine for moving
heavy weights ; a siphon.

Cra'ni-um (kra'nT-uni), n. ;
pi. E. Craniums (-umz),
L. Crania (-a). The skull ;
the brainpan. — Cra'ni-
(-nT-al), a. Pertaining
the cranium. — Cra'ni-ol'-
O-gy (-51'6-jy), n. The sci
ence of , or a treatise on, the Crane, 2.

skull or brain ; phrenology.

Crank (krSnk), n. A bend in, or bent portion of

SSSft

1 Single Crank ; 2 Double Crank ; 3 Bell Crank.

an axis ; bend, turn, or winding ; a verbal con-
ceit ; a person full of crotchets, or of perverted
judgment. — a. Infirm ; top-heavy ; liable to
overset (said of a ship) ; brisk ; lively ; opin-
ionated.

Cran'kle (krSnnc'l), v. i. & t. To run in a wind-
ing course; to bend, wind, and turn. — n. A
bend or turn.

Cran'ny (kran'n$r), n. A crevice; a crack; a
narrow fissure.

Crape (krap), n. A thin, transparent stuff, used
for mourning garments.

Crash (krash), v. t. [Crashed (krSsht) ; Crash-
ing.] To break to pieces violently, —v. i. To
make a loud, clattering sound. — n. A loud
sound of things falling and breaking ; a smash ;
ruin; failure.

Crash (krSsh), n. Coarse linen cloth.

Cras'sa-ment (krSs'sa-ment), n. The thick part
of the blood ; clot.

Cras'si-tude (kraVsi-tud), n. Grossness ; coarse-
ness ; thickness.

Crate (krat), n. A wicker pannier for crockery ;
a slatted box for fruit. — v. t. To pack in a crate.

Cra'ter (kra'ter), n. The mouth of a volcano.

Craunch (kranch), v. t. To crush with the teeth ;
to chew noisily ; to crunch.

Cra-vatr (kra-vaf), n. A neckcloth.

Crave (krav), v. t. [Craved (kravd) ; Craving.]
To ask earnestly ; to seek ; to beg ; to implore.

— Crav'ing, n. Strong desire ; longing.
Cra'ven (kra'v'n), n. & a. Coward ; poltroon ;

dastard ; recreant.

Craw (kra), n. The crop of a bird ; the stomach
of an animal.

Craw'fish' (kra'fTsh/), Crayfish' (kra'fTsh/), n.
A small fresh-water crustacean, resembling the
lobster.

Crawl (kral), v. i. [Crawled (krald) ; Crawl-
ing.] To move as a worm ; to creep ; to feel as
if insects were moving on the body.

Cray'on (kra'un), n. A piece of chalk, or other
soft substance, for use in drawing ; a drawing
made with a pencil or crayon ; a carbon pencil
used in producing electric light. — v. t. To
sketch, as with a crayon.

Craze (kraz), v. t. [Crazed (krazd) ; Crazing.]
To break into pieces; to impair the intellect of ;
to render insane. — n. State of craziness ; insan-
ity ; strong desire or passion ; infatuation ; fan-
cy ; crotchet; fad. — Cra'zy (kra'zy), a. De-
ranged ; insane ; decrepit ; broken ; weakened.

— Cra'zi-ly, adv. — Cra'zl-ness, n.

Creak (krek), v. i. & t. [Creaked (krekt);
Creaking.] To make a sharp, harsh, grating
sound, as by friction of hard substances, —n.
A harsh sound ; a creaking.

Cream (krem), n. The oily substance on the sur-
face of milk; the best part of a thing. —v. i.
[Creamed (kremd) ; Creaming.] To yield cream.

— v. t. To skim or take off (cream or the best
part of anything).— Cream'y, a. Full of cream ;
rich. — Cream ' er - y (-er-jf), n. Place where
cream is made into butter or cheese, or is sold.

Crease (kres), n. A mark made by folding. — v. t.
[Creased (krest) ; Creasing.] To mark by
folding or doubling.

Cre'a-SOte (kre'a-sot), n. See Creosote.

Cre-ate' (kre-af), v. t. To bring into being ; to
originate ; to appoint ; to make. — Cre - a ' tor
(-a'ter), w. One who creates ; God. — Cre-a'-
tlon (-a'shun), n. A creating ; the bringing the
world into existence; formation ; the universe.

— Cre-a'tlve (-tlv), a. Having power to create ;
forming. — Cre-a'tive-ness, n.

Crea'ture (kre'tur), n. Anything created ; an
animal ; a man ; a servile dependent.

llCreche (krash), n. A public day nursery for
poor children.

Cre'dence (kre'dens), n. Belief ; faith. — Cre'-
dent (-dnit), a. Believing; giving credit.—
Cre-den'tlal (-den'slu/l), a. Giving a title to
credit, — n. That which gives credit or a title

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; sen&te, «vent, Idea, Obey , tlnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

CREDIBLE

97

CRINOLINE

to confidence ; pi. certificates that one deserves
credit, or has authority or official powers.

Cred'i-ble (kred'T-b'l), a. Capable of being be-
lieved ; trustworthy. — Cred'i-bil'i-ty (-T-biri-
ty), Cred'i-ble-ness, n. — Cred'i-bly, adv.

Cred'it (kred'Tt), n. Belief ; reputation ; esteem ;
trust ; time allowed for payment ; mercantile
reputation entitling one to be trusted ; amount
due. — v. t. To believe ; to trust ; to confide in ;
to set to the credit of. — Cred'it-or (-T-ter), n.
One to whom money is due. — Cred ' it - a - ble
(-a-b'l), a. Deserving or possessing reputation
or esteem ; reputable ; estimable. — Cred'it-a-
ble-ness, n. — Cred'it-a-bly. adv.

Cred'U-louS (kred'u-lus), a. Apt to believe on
slight evidence ; easily imposed upon : unsus-
pecting. — Cred'u-lous-ly, adv. — Cred'u-lous-
ness. Cre-duli-ty (kre-du'11-ty), n.

Creed (kred), n. Belief ; summary of the arti-
cles of one's faith.

Creek (krek), n. A small inlet, bay, or river.

Creel (krel), n. An osier fishing basket.

Creep (krep), v. i. [Crept (krSpt) ; Creeping.]
To move like a worm or reptile, or on the hands
and feet ; to move slowly, stealthily, or insinua-
tingly ; to fawn ; to crawl. — Creep'ing-ly, adv.

— Creep'er, n. One who creeps; a creeping
thing : a clinging plant.

Creese (kres), n. A Malay dagger.

Cremate (kre'mat or lire-mat'), v. t. To burn ;
to reduce (a body) to ashes, by fire ; to inciner-
ate. — Cre-ma'tion (-ma'shun), n. A burning ;
the burning of the dead. — Crem ' a - to ' ri - um
(krem'a-to'rl-um), Crem'a-to-ry (krSni'a-
to-ry ), n. A furnace for cremating bodies. — a.
Pertaining to or employed in cremation.

Cre'ole (krg'ol), n. One born of European par-
ents in American colonies of France or Spain.

Cre'O-SOte (kre'o-sot), n. An oily liquid, of
smoky smell and antiseptic properties.

Crep'i-tate (krgpl-tat), v. i. To burst with a
sharp sound ; to crackle ; to snap. — Crep'i-ta'-
tion (-ta'shiin), n. A snapping or crackling.

Crept, imp. & p. p. of Creep.

Cre-pus'cu-lar (kre-pus'ku-ier), Cre-pus'cu-lous
(-lus), a. Pertaining to twilight ; glimmering.

Cres'cent (krSs'sent), a. Increasing ; growing. —
n. The increasing moon ; the figure of the new
moon, in the Turkish flag ; the Turkish power.

Cress (krgs), n. A salad plant of various species,
moderately pungent.

Cres'set (kres'set), n. An open lamp ; a beacon.

Crest (krgst), n. A tuft or plume of feathers ;
comb ; hill top ; spirited
bearing : courage. — v.
t.&i. To form (a crest).

— Crest'ed, a. Wearing

a crest. — Crest'fall en
(-faF'n), a. With droop-
ing head ; dispirited ; de-
jected.
Cre-ta'ceons (kre-ta'-

shiis), a. Of the nature Crest.

of chalk ; chalky.

Cre'tin (kre'tTn), n. An idiot of a certain kind,
frequent in the Alps, generally afflicted also
with goiter. — Cre'tin-ism (-Tz'm), n. Condi-
tion or disease of a cretin.

Cre-tonne' (kre-t5n'), »• A fabric of hemp and
flax, or cotton and woolen ; chintz with a glossy
surface.

: Cre'vasse' (kra'vas'), n. A deep crevice in a
glacier ; a ravine ; a breach in the embankment
of a river.

Crev'ice (krgv'Ts), n. A narrow split or crack ;
a cleft ; a rent.

Crew (kru), n. A company of people associated
together ; a ship's company.

Crew (kru), imp. of Crow.

Crew'el (kru'61), n. Worsted yarn slightly
twisted, used for embroidery.

Crib (krib), n. A manger or rack ; stall for cattle ;
an inclosed bedstead for a child ; a bin for stor-
ing grain, salt, etc. ; a literal translation of a
classic author ; petty theft ; oards thrown out
at cribbage. — v. t. & i. [Cribbed (kribd) ;
Cribbing.] To crowd together ; to pilfer ; to
purloin. — Crib'bing. n. Confinement ; pilfer-
ing ; timber framework for lining excavations,
etc. ; a horse's vicious habit of biting his crib,
and drawing air noisily into the stomach.

Crib'bage (krit/baj), n. A game at cards.

Crib'ble (krTb'b'l), n. A coarse sieve or screen.

— v. t. To pass through a sieve ; to sift.
Crick (krTk), n. A cramp ; spasmodic affection

of the neck or back.
Crick'et (krtk'et), n. An orthopterous insect,

having a chirping note.
Crick'et (krik'et), n. A game

with a bit, ball, and wicket ;

a low stool. — Crick'et-er,

n. A player at cricket.
Cried (krid), imp. & p. p. of

Cry.
Cri'er (kri'er), n. One who

cries ; one who gives public

notice by proclamation.
Crime (krim), n. Violation

of law ; outrage ; sin ; vice.
Crim/i-nal (krim'T-nal), a.

Guilty of, involving, or re-
lating to, crime. — n. An

offender ; a guilty person.

— Crim'i-nal-ly, adv.—
Crim'i-nal'i-ty (-nSi'T-ty),
n. Guilt.

Crim'i-nate (krTmT-nSt), v. t.
crime ; to convict of guilt

Crimi-na'tion (-na'shun), n.
conviction. — Crim'i-na-to-ry (-T-na-t6-nf), a.
Relating to, or involving, crimination ; accus-
ing ; censorious.

Crimp (krTmp), a. Easily crumbled ; brittle. —
v. t. [Crimped (krimt) ; Crimping.] To form
into ridges, waves, or plaits ; to seize ; to make
crisp ; to form into little ridges ; to frizzle. —
n. One who decoys recruits into the military
or naval service. — Crimp'y (-y), a. Frizzly.

Crim'ple (knm'p'l), v. t. To cause to shrink or
draw together ; to contract ; to curl ; to corru-
gate.

Crira'son (krTm'z'n), n. A deep red color. — a.
Dark red. — v. t. To dye with crimson. — v. i.
To become red ; to blush.

Cringe (krinj). v. i. To bow obsequiously ;
to fawn. — n. Servile civility ; a mean bow.

Cli'nite (kri'nit), a. Hairlike : bearded.

Crin'kle (krln'kn, ?•. t. & i. To bend in turns or
flexures, —n. A wrinkle; sinuosity. — Crin'-
kled (-kl'd), a. Wrinkled; wavy; zigzag.

Crin'O-line (krTn'6-lTn), n. A lady's skirt ex-
panded by hoops or by hair cloth : stiffening.

Cricket

To charge with a
to impeach. —
Act of accusing ;

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CRIPPLE

98

CROWD

Crip'ple (kTir/p'l), n. One who creeps, halts, or
limps. — a. Lame. — v. t. [Crippled (-p'ld) ;
Crippling.] To lame ; to disable.

Cri'sis (krl'sTs), n. ; pi. Crises (-sez). Critical
time ; turning point.

Crisp (krisp), a. Stiffly curled ; brittle ; wrin-
kled ; brisk. — v. t. & i. To curl ; to wrinkle.

— Crisp'er, n. — Crisp'ly, adv. — Crisp'ness,
n. — Crisp'y (-y), a. Crisp.

Cris'pin (krTs'pTn), n. A shoemaker.

Cri-te'ri-on (kri-te'rl-un), n. A standard of judg-
ing ; a test.

Crit'ic (krit'Tk), n. One skilled in judging ; a
connoisseur; a carper. — Crit'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Having skill or power to judge ; exact ; nicely
judicious ; captious ; fault-finding ; marking a
crisis or turning point ; decisive ; important ;
of doubtful issue ; attended with risk. — Crit'-
ic-al-ly, adv. — Crit'ic-al-ness, n.

Crit'i-cise (kiTt/T-siz), v. t. & i. To examine and
judge as a critic ; to animadvert ; to censure. —
Crit'i-cis'er (-si'zer), n.— Crit'i-cism (-slz'm),
n. A judging ; critical judgment ; examination
and review. — Cri-tique' (kr!-tek'), n. A critical
examination of a work of literature or art.

Croak (krok), v. i. [Croaked (krokt) ; Croak-
ing.] To make a low, hoarse noise in the
throat, as a frog or crow; to forebode evil;
to grumble. — n. A low, harsh sound. —
Croak'er, n.

Cro-chet' (kr6-sha,/), n. Netting made by a small
hook. —v. t. [Crocheted (-shad') ; Crochet-
ing (-sha'Tng).] To net.

Crock (kr5k), n. A wide-mouthed earthen ves-
sel ; a pot ; a jug.

Crock (krok), n. Fine black matter collected on
pots and kettles ; soot ; smut. — v. t. & i.
[Crocked (kr5kt); Crocking.] To soil; to
smudge.

Crock'er-y (kr5k'er-y), n. Earthenware; pot-
tery.

Croc'o-dile (krok'o-dil), »■ A large, amphibious,
lizardlike reptile.

Cro'CUS (kro^kus), n.
An early - blooming
plant and its flower ;
a polishing powder.

Croft (kr5ft), n. A
small inclosed field.

Crone (kron), n. An
old woman.

Cro'ny (kro'n^), n.
Intimate compan-
ion ; familiar friend.

Crook (krd&k), n. A

Crocodile.

bend, turn, or curve ; trick or artifice ; a shep-
herd's or bishop's staff ; accomplice of thieves.
— v. t. & i. [Crooked (krdokt) ; Crooking.]
To turn ; to curve ; to bend. — Crook'ed (-eel),
a. Bent; not straightforward; fraudulent. —
Crook'ed-ly, adv. — Crook'ed-ness, n.

Croon (kroon), n. A murmur ; a simple piece of
music, — v.t. [Crooned (kroond) ; Crooning.]
To sing in a low tone ; to hum.

Crop (krop), n. The protuberant upper receptacle
of food in a bird ; the craw ; the highest part of
anything, esp. of a plant ; fruit ; harvest, —v. t.
[Cropped (krSpt) ; Cropping.] To reap; to
pluck ; to cut off ; to cut short.

Cro-quet' (kro-ka'), n. An outdoor game, played
by driving wooden balls with mallets.

Cro'sier (kro'zher), n. A bishop's official staff.

Cross (kr5s), n. A gibbet, con-
sisting of two pieces of timber
placed transversely upon one
another ; the symbol of Christ's
death and of Christianity; a
trial or misfortune ; a mixing
of breeds or stock. — a. Ly-
ing athwart ; adverse ; peev-
ish ; fretful, —v. t. [Crossed Crosiers.
(krSst); Crossing.] To intersect; to put
across ; to run counter to ; to thwart ; to vex ;
to cancel ; to mix the breed of. — v. i. To be,
move, or pass, across ; to interbreed. — Cross'ly,
adv. — Cross'ness, n. — Cross'ing, n. Act or
place of passing.

Cross'bar' (kros'baV), n. A transverse bar;
pi. a grating formed of intersecting bars.

Cross-bow7 (krSs'bo7), n. A weapon for dis-
charging arrows, — formed by placing a bow
crosswise on a stock.

Cross'breed' (krSs'bred'), n. A breed produced
from parents of different breeds ; hybrid.

Cr0SS'-ex-am'ine (kr5s'egz-Sm'!n), v. t. & i. To
examine (a witness), to elicit facts not brought
out in direct examination, or to controvert the
direct testimony. — Cross'-ex - am ' i - na ' tion
(-am't-na'shun), n.

Cross'-eyed' (krSs'Id'), a. Having the eyea
turned toward the nose ; squinting.

Cross'grained' (kr5s' grand'), a. Having the
grain or fibers crossed ; contrary ; vexatious.

Cross'-pur'pose (kros'puVpiis), n. Contrary
purpose ; inconsistency.

Cross'-ques'tion (kros'kwgs'chun),*;. t. To cross-
examine.

Cross'road' (kros'rodO, Cross'way7 (-wa'), n.

A road crossing another.
Cross'wise' (kros'wlz'), adv. In the form of a

cross; across.
Crotch (kroch), n. A place of division ; a fork.
Crotch'et (kroch'St), n. A forked piece of wood ;

crotch ; a note in music, equal to half a minim ;

in printing, a bracket ; a perverse fancy ; a

whim ; conceit. — Crotch'et-y (-et-^), a. Given

to crotchets ; whimsical.
Crouch (krouch), v. i. [Crouched (kroucht) ;

Crouching.] To bend down ; to stoop or lie

low ; to fawn ; to cringe.
Cronp (kroop), n. The buttocks of a quadruped,

especially of a horse.
Croup (kroop), n. An inflammatory disease in

the throat, with suffocation. — Croup'y, a. Like

or pertaining to croup.
Crow (kro), n. A large bird, usually black, with

strong beak and a harsh cry

or caw ; voice of the cock ;

an iron lever with a claw

at the end. — v. t. [Crowed

(k r o d ) ; Crowing.] To

make the noise of a cock ;

to boast ; to exult.— Crow'-

tax', n. An iron lever, end- -e

ing in a claw. — Crow'fOOt'

(kro'fdof), n. A plant of

many species ; a boring tool. — Crow's'-feet/,

n. Wrinkles about the eyes of old persons.
Crowd (kroud), v. t. & i. To press or drive to-
gether ; to squeeze, —n. A throng; a multi-
tude ; the rabble.
Crowd (kroud), v. An old style of violin.

Crow.

a, 5, 1, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, o, u, y, short ; senate, Sveut, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

CROWN

99

CUDDY

Grown (kroun), n. A wreath, garland, or orna-
ment encircling the head, especially as a badge
of royalty or dignity ; the top of the head, also
of a hat ; a coin ; completion ; accomplishment.
—v. t. [Crowned (kround) ; Crowning.] To
invest with a crown ; to dignify ; to adorn ; to
perfect. — Crown'er, n.

Cru'cial (kru/shal), a. Like or pertaining to a
cross ; intersecting ; severe ; decisive. — Cru'-
Ci-ate (kru/shT-at or -shit), a. Cross-shaped.

Cm'Ci-ble (kru'si-b'l), n. A chemist's melting
pot ; a severe test.

Cru-Cif'er-OUS (kru-sTf'er-iis), a.

Bearing a cross ; belonging to *^£WKJI'
the cruciform family of plants ; fiSnflfr
cruciate.

Cru'Ci-fiX (kru'sT-fiks), n. A

cross, with the figure of Christ Crucible
upon it. — Cru ' ci - fix ' ion
(-f Ik'shun), n. A nailing to a cross. — Cru'ci-
lorm (-sT-f6rm), a. Cross-shaped. — Cru'ci-fy
(-fi), v. t. [Crucified (-fid) ; Crucifying.] To
fasten and put to death on a cross.

Crude (krud), a. In its natural state ; not
cooked ; raw ; immature ; ill-considered ; su-
perficial ; roughly or coarsely done. — Crude'ly,
adv. — Crude'ness, Cru'di-ty (kru/dT-ty), n.

Cm'el (kru'e'l), a. Disposed to give pain ; bar-
barous; inhuman; pitiless. — Cm/ Ol-ly, adv.

— Cru'el-ty (-ty), n.

Cru'et (kru/St), n. A small bottle for sauces.
Cruise (kruz), n. A small bottle. See Cruse.
Cruise (kruz), v. i. [Cruised (kruzd) ; Cruising.]
To sail back and forth. — n. A sailing to and fro.

— Cruis'er, n. One who, or a ship that, cruises.
CruTler (krul'ler), n. A crisp sweet cake boiled

in fat.

Crumb (krum), n. [Written also erum.'] A small
fragment or piece, esp. of bread ; soft part of
bread, —v. t. To break into small pieces. —
Crum'my (-nv£), a. Full of crumbs ; soft ; not
crusty.

Crum'ble (krfim'b'l), v. t. & i. To break into
small pieces.

Crump'et (krump'e't), n. A kind of bread cake
or muffin.

Crumble (krum'p'l), v. t. & i. To form into
folds ; to wrinkle ; to rumple.

Crunch (krunch), v. i. & t. To chew or grind
noisily.

Grup'per (krup'per in IT. S. ; krup'per in Eng.), n.
The rump of a horse ; a strap passing under a
horse's tail, and holding the saddle from slipping
forward. — v. t. To put a crupper on.

Cru'ral (kru/ral), a. Belonging to the leg.

Cru-sade' (kru-sadO, n. A military expedition
to recover the Holy Land from Mohammedans ;
any hot-headed or fanatical enterprise. — Cru-
sad'er (-sad'er), n.

Cruse (krus), n. A small cup or bottle.

Cru'set (kru'sSt), n. A goldsmith's crucible or
melting pot.

Crush (krush), v. t. [Crushed (krSsht) ; Crush-
ing.] To bruise and break by pressure ; to
overwhelm ; to subdue ; to ruin. — v. i. To be
condensed or reduced in compass. — n. A col-
lision ; compression ; a crowd. — Crush'er, n.

Crust (krust), n. The hard, external coat or cov-
ering of anything. — v. t. To cover with a hard
case ; to incrust ; to envelop. — v. i. To gather
or contract into a hard crust. — Crust'y (-50, a.

Like crust ; hard ; harsh ; surly ; morose. —
Crust'i-ly (-i-ly), adv. — Crust'i-ness, n.

l!Crus-ta'ce-a (krus-ta'she-a), n. pi. Articulated
animals, including lobsters, shrimps, and crabs,
having jointed, crustlike shells. — ClUS-ta'cean
(-ta'shan), n. An animal of this class. — Crus-
ta'ceous (-shiis), a. Pertaining to, or having,
a crustlike shell ; belonging to the Crustacea.

Crust'y, etc. See under Crust, n.

Crutch (kruch), n. A staff with a crosspiece at
the head, to support the lame or infirm in walk-
ing. — v. t. To support.

Cry (kri), v. t. & i. [Cried (krid) ; Crying.] To
call ; to exclaim ; to weep. — n. Loud utter-
ance ; weeping ; clamor ; a pack of hounds.

Crypt (krlpt), n. A cell or vault under a church ;
a hiding place. — Cryp'tO-grarn(krTp'to-gram),
Cryp'tO-graph (-gr5f ), n. A cipher ; something
written in cipher, or secret characters. — Cryp-
tOg'ra-phy (-tSg'ra-fy), n. Act or art of writing
in secret characters or cipher. — Cryp-tol'o-gy
(-tol'o-j^), n. Secret or enigmatical language.

Crys'tal (krTs'tal), n. A regular solid mineral
body ; fine glass ; glass covering a watch face.
— a. Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear;
transparent ; lucid ; crystalline. — Crys'tal- line
(-tal-lin or -lln), a. Consisting of crystals ; hav-
ing a texture produced by crystallization ; im-
perfectly crystallized; clear; transparent;
pellucid. — Crys'tal-lize (-Hz), v. t. & i. To
form into crystals. — Crys'tal-li-za'tion (-11-
za'shun), n. Act or process of crystallizing ;
body formed by the process of crystallizing. —
Crys'tal-log'ra-phy (-lSg'ra-f^), n. Science of,
or treatise on, crystallization.

Cub (kub), n. A young animal, esp. the young

of tilG t>63,r

Cube (kub), n. A regular solid body, with six
equal square sides ; product of a
number multiplied twice into it-
self ; as, 4 X 4 = 16, and 16 X 4
= 64, the cube of 4. — v. t.
[Cubed (kubd) ; Cubing.] To
raise to the third power. — Cu'-
ba-ture (ku'ba-tur), n. The de-
termining the solid or cubic con- Cube,
tents of a body. — CttT)iC (ku'bTk), CuTjic-al
(-bt-kal), a. Having the form or properties of
a cube.

Cunbeb (ku'bSb), n. The spicy berry of a kind
of pepper.

Cu'blt (ku'bYt), n. The forearm ; measure from
elbow to extremity of middle finger, or about
20 inches. — CuT)it-al (-bit-al), a. Pertaining
to, or of the length of, a cubit.

Cuck'old (kuk'uld), n. A man whose wife is
false to him. —-v. t. To mcke a cuckold of.

Cuck'00 (kd&k'oo), n. A bird ; — so named from
its note.

Cu'cul-late (ku'kul-lit or kfi-kBi'-), Cu'cul-la'ted
(-la'tSd or -la-tSd), a. Hooded ; like a hood.

Cu'cum-ber (ku'kum-ber), n. A creeping plant
and its fruit.

Cu-cur'bit (ku-kfir'bTt), n. A chemical vessel,
originally gourd-shaped.

Cud (kud), n. A portion of food brought up into
the mouth by ruminating animals, and chewed
a second time ; piece of chewing tobacco ; quid.

Cud'dle (kud'd'l), v. i. To lie close or snug ;
to crouch ; to snuggle.

Cud'dy (kud'd^), n. A small cabin in a boat.

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

CUDGEL

100

CURIOSO

Wedge-

Cudg'el (kuj'Sl), n. A short thick stick ; a club.
— v. L To beat with a cudgel.

Cue (ku), n. An end ; a tail ; a hint ; an intima-
tion ; a wooden rod used to impel a ball in play-
ing billiards.

Cuff (kuf), n. A blow with the open hand ; a box ;
a buffet. — v. I. [Cuffed (kuft) ; Cuffing.] To
strike.

Cuff (kuf), n. A fold at the end of a sleeve.

Cui-rass' (kwe-ras' or kwe'ras), n. A breast-
plate. — Cui'ras-sier' (kwe'ras-ser'), n. A sol-
dier armed with a cuirass.

Cuish (kwis), n. Defensive armor for the
thighs.

llCui'sine' (kwe'zen'), n. The kitchen; style of
cooking ; cookery.

HCuT-de-sac' (ku'de-sak' or kul'de-sak'), n. A
street closed at one end ; a trap.

Cu'li-na-ry (ku'lT-na-i^), a. Relating to the
kitchen or to cookery.

Cull (kill), v. t. [Culled (kuld) ; Culling.] To
separate, select, or pick out. — Cull'er, n. —
Culls (kulz), n. pi. Refuse stuff.

Cul'len-der (kul'len-der), n. A strainer. See
Colander.

CuTly (kiil'ly), n. A mean dupe. — v. t. To
trick, cheat, or deceive.

Culm (kiilin), n. Stem of corn and grasses.

Culm (kiilm), n. Anthracite coal ; glance coal ;
coal dust.

Cul'mi-nate (kiil'mT-nat), v. i. To reach the
highest point. — a. Growing upward, as dis-
tinguished from lateral growth. — Cul'mi-na'-
tion (-na'shun), n. Highest point of altitude.

Cul'pa-ble (kiil'pa-b'l), a. Deserving censure ;
faulty ; blameworthy ; censurable. — Cul'pa-
bil'i-ty (-bTl'i-ty), Cul'pa-ble-ness, »•— Cul'-
pa-bly, adv.

Cul'prit (kul'prit), n. One accused or convicted
of crime ; a criminal.

Cul'ti-vate (kul'tl-vat), v. t. To till; to foster;
to cherish ; to civilize ; to produce by tillage. —
Cul'ti-va-ble (-va-b'l), a. Capable of being cul-
tivated. — Cul'ti-va'tion (-va'shun), n. Art or
practice of cultivating ; care ; civilization ; re-
finement; culture. — Cul'ti-va'tor (-va'ter),n.
One who tills or cultivates ; an implement for
loosening the surface of the ground.

Cul'ture (kul'tur), n. Act of cultivating; culti-
vation ; physical improvement ; refinement of
mind or manners, — v. t. To cultivate ; to edu-
cate.

Cul'ver-in (kul'ver-Tn), n. A long, slender piece
of ordnance.

Cul'vert (kul'vert), re. An arched drain ; a small
bridge.

Cum'ber (kum'ber), v. t. [Cumbered (-berd) ;
Cumbering.] To clog ; to burden ; to embarrass ;
to trouble ; to impede. — Cum'ber-SOme (-sum),
a. Burdensome. — Cum ' brance ( - brans ), n.
An encumbrance ; a hindrance. — Cum'brous
(-brus), a. Burdensome ; vexatious ; embarrass-
ing.

Cum'ln (kum'Tn), re. A dwarf plant, bearing aro-
matic seeds.

Cu'mu-late (kii'mu-lat), v. t. To-heap together ;
to amass.— Cu'mu-la'tion (-la'shiin), n. A
heaping together; a heap. — Cu'mu- la- tive
(ku'mu -la-tlv), a. Forming a mass; giving
force by successive additions.

Cu/ne al (ku'ne-al), Cu'ne-ate (ku'ne-at), Cu'ne-

a, $, i, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y , short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

a'ted (-a'tgd), Cu'ne-at'ic (-2f tk), a.
shaped.

Cu-ne'i-form (ku-ne'!-f6rm), Cu'ni-form (ku'nT-
16nn), a. Cuneate ; pertaining to, or verged in,
tlie wedge-shaped characters in ancient Persian
and Assyrian inscriptions.

Cun'ning (kun'nlng), a. Artful; sly; wily;
crafty; skillfully wrought; ingenious; curi-
ous. — re. The use of stratagem to accomplish
a purpose; deceit; art; craft. — Cun'ning-ly,
adv. — Cun'ning-ness, n.

Cup (kup), re. A small vebsel used to drink from ;
a cupful ; pi. excessive drinking ; revelry ; a
glass for cupping. — v. t. [Cupped (kfipt) ;
Cupping.] To bleed by scarification. — Cup'-
bear'er (-b&r'er), re. One who fills or hands cups
at a feast. — Cup'board (kub'berd), re. A closet
for cups, plates, etc. — Cup'ping, re. A mode
of bleeding.

Cu'pel (ku'pel), n. A small cup used in refining
metals. — v. t. To refine. — Cu ' pel - la ' tion
(-pel-la'shun), re. Process of refining in a cupel.

Cu-pid'i-ty (ku-pid'i-ty), n. Eager desire, esp.
for wealth ; covetousness ; lust.

Cu'po-la (ku'p6-la), re. A dome ; an arched roof.

Cup'ping, re. See under Cup.

Cu'pre-OUS (ku'pre-us), a.
Consisting of or resembling
copper ; coppery.

Cu-prif'er-OUS (ku-prlf'er-us),
a. Containing copper.

Cur (kfir), re. A degenerate
dog ; worthless, snarling fel-
low. — Cur'rish, a. Quarrel-
some ; churlifch ; morose.

Cur'a-ble (kur'a-b'l), a. Ca-1
pable of being cured. — :
Cur'a-ble-ness, re.

Cu'ra-COa' (kooTa-so'), re. A Cupola,

cordial, flavored with orange peel and spices.

Cu'rate (ku'rat), re. An assistant to a rector or
vicar. — Cu'ra-cy (-ra-sjf). n. Office of a curate.

Cur'a-tive (kur'a-tiv), a. Tending to cure dis-
ease.

Cu-ra'tor (ku-ra'ter), n. A superintendent ; a
trustee ; a guardian.

Curb (kfirb), v. t. [Curbed (kfirbd) ; Curbing.]
To bend to one's will ; to restrain ; to confine ;
to control ; to check. — «. Check ; hindrance ;
part of a bridle ; retaining wall or stone. —
Curb'Stone7 (-stSn'), n. A stone placed edge-
wise against earth or stone work to prevent its
giving way.

Curd (kCird), n. The coagulated part of milk or
of any liquid. ~—v. t. To curdle ; to congeal. —
— v. i. To become thickened ; to separate into
curds and whey. — Curd'y (-y), a. Like or full
of curd ; thickened.

Cur'dle (kOr'd'l), v. i. & t. To thicken.

Cure (kur), n. Spiritual charge; care of souls;
medical care ; treatment of disease ; restora-
tion to health ; remedy; restorative. —v. t.
[Cured (kurd) ; Curing.] To heal ; to restore
to health, soundness, or sanity ; to remedy ; to
preserve by drying, salting, etc. — v. i. To be
healed. — Cureless, a. Incurable. — Cur'er, ».

Cur'few (kfir'lu), n. An evening bell.

Cu'ri-0 (ku'rl-o), n. ; pi. Curios (-oz). A curiosity
or article of virtu. — I Cu'ri-0'SO (kob're-o'zS or
ku ' rl - o ' so), n. A collection of curiosities ; a
virtuoso.

CURIOUS

101

CUT-OFF

Curlew.

Cu'ri-OUS (ku'ri-us), a. Careful ; scrupulous ;
artfully constructed ; habitually iuquisitive ;
singular. — Cu'ri-ous- ly, adv. — Cu'ri-ous-
ness, 11. — Cu ri-os'i-ty (-os'l-ty), n. State of
being curious ; accuracy ; inquisitiveness ; thing
fitted to excite or reward atteution.

Curl (kurl), v. t. & i. [Curled (kQrld) ; Curl-
ing.] To form or bend into ringlets. — n. A
ringlet. — Curl'y (-y), a. Having curls ; tend-
ing to curl. — Curl'i-ness, n.

Curlew (kdr'lu), n. A long-billed wading bird.

Curl'y, a. See under
Curl, v.

Cur-mud 'geon (kur-
mud'jiin), n. A
churlish fellow ; mi-
ser.

Cur'rant (kfir'rant),
n. A dried grape ;
a shrub and its acid
fruit.

Cur'reut (kur'rent),
a. Running or mov-
ing rapidly; now
passing or present;
generally received ;
common. — n. A stream ; general course; or-
dinary procedure. — Cur'rent-ly, adv. In a
current manner ; commonly. — Cur'reut-ness,
n. — Cur'ren-cy (-ren-sy), «. State or quality
of being current ; general acceptance ; circu-
lation ; general estimation ; money.

Cur'ri-Cle (kur'rl-k'l), n. A chaise drawn by two
horses aoreast.

Cur - riC ' U - lum (kur-rTk'u-lum), n. A race
course ; a course of study.

CUT'rish, a. See under Cub, n.

Gurry (kur'rjf ), v. t. [Curried (-rid) ; Curry-
ing.] To dress (leather) by scraping, cleansing,
smoothing, coloring, etc. ; to comb or cleanse
the skin of (a horse, etc. ). — Cur ' ry-comb '
(-kom'), n. Instrument for cleaning horses —
v. t. To dress (a horse's coat).

Cur'ry (kur'ry), n. A sauce used in India, con-
taining strong spices ; a stew cooked with curry
sauce. — v. I. To cook (rice, etc.) with curry.

Curse (kQrs), v. t. [Cursed (kfirst) or Curst;
Cursing.] To wish evil against ; to execrate ;
to injure ; to afflict. — v. i. To swear. — n.
Imprecation of evil ; malediction ; affliction ;
torment. — Curs'ed (-ed), a. Execrable ; hate-
ful ; abominable.

Cur'sive (kQr'sTv), a. Running ; rapid ; flowing.

Cur'SO-ry (kQr'so-ry), a. Hasty ; hurried ; slight ;
superficial. — CUT'SO-ri-ly (-so-ri-ly), adv.

Curt (kQrt), a. Short ; concise ; abrupt ; crusty.

Cur-tail' (kur-tal'), v. t. To cut short ; to abridge ;
to diminish.

Cur'tain (kQr'tin), n. A movable cloth screen
to darken or conceal. — v. t. [Curtained
(-tind) ; Curtaining.] To inclose or furnish
with curtains.

Curt'sy (kQrt'sy), n. & v. t. See Courtesy.

Cu'rule (ku'rul), a. Belonging to a chariot; —
said of the chair of ancient Roman magistrates,
borne in a chariot when they went to council.

Curve (kQrv), a. Bent without angles ; crooked ;
curved, —n. A bending with-
out angles ; anything bent. —
v. I. & i. [Curved (kGrvd) ;
Curving] To bend ; to ^ur™-

crook. — Cur'vate (kQr'vat), Cur'va-ted (-vJ-

ted), a._ Bent regularly ; curved. — Cur-va'-
tion (-vafehfin), n. A bending. — Cur'va-ture
(kfii'va-tur), n. A bend ; a curve ; the amount
or degree of bending of a mathematical curve.

Cur'vet (kQr'vet or kur-vet'), n. A particular
leap of a horse , a prank ; a lrolic. — v. i. [Cur-
veted or -vetted ; Curveting or -vetting.]
To leap and frisk.

Curvi-lin'e-al (kuVvi-iln'e-rti), Cur'vi-lin'e-ar
(-ar), a. Consisting of or bounded by curves.

Cur'vi-ty (kQr'\T-ty), n. Curvature.

Cush'at (koooh'St), n. The ringdove or wood
pigeon.

Cush'ion (kdosh'vin), n. A stuffed bag or case ;
a pillow. — v. t. To furnish with cushions.

Cusp (kusp), n. A projecting point in an arch ;
the point of the new moon ; the meeting point of

curves. — Cus'pi-dal (kus'pf-dai), Ci-s'pi-date
(-dat), Cus'pi-da^ed (-da'ted), a. Having a
sharp end ; acute.

Cus'pi-dor (kus'pi-dor), n. A spittoon.

Cus'tard (kus'terd), n. A dish of milk, eggs,
sugar, etc.

Cus'tO-dy (kus'to-d^), n. A keeping or guard-
ing ; confinement ; imprisonment. — Cus-tO'dl-
al (-toMT-al), a. Relating to custody. — CUS-
to'di-an (-an), n. A keeper ; a superintendent.

Cus'tom (kus'tum), n. Way of acting ; habitual
practice ; business support ; patronage ; usage ;
fashion; pi. duties on commodities imported
into or exported from a country. — Cus'tom-er,
n. A buyer. — Cus'tom-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Accord-
ing to custom ; conventional. — Cus'tom-a-ri-ly
(-a-rT-ly), adv. Habitually. — Cus'tom-house'
(-hous'), n. A building where customs and duties
are paid, and vessels are entered or cleared.

Cut (kiit), v. t. & i. [Cut ; Cutting.] To make
an incision (in) ; to divide ; to hew ; to carve ;
to wound, —n. A cleft ; a gash ; a wound ; an
engraved block or print made from it ; division ;
shape ; style ; fashion. — Cut'ter, n. One who
cuts ; a cutting instrument ; a light rowboat ;

Cutter.

a sloop-rigged, swift-sailing vessel ; a one-horse
sleigh. — Cut'ting, a. Severe; pungent, —n.
Act of one who cuts ; a piece cut off or out ; an
opening cut through. — Cut'-off/ (kut'of'), n.
That which cuts off or shortens ; a short cut ;
a valve gearing which cuts off the steam from
entering the cylinder of an engine when the
stroke is partly made ; a device for changing

£Srn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlion, thin.

CUTANEOUS

102

DACTYLOLOGY

or stopping a current of grain, water, etc., in a
spout.
Cu-ta'ne-OUS (ku-ta'ne-fis), a. Belonging to the

skin.
Cute (kut), a. Clever; keen; sharp. IColloq.]
Cu'tl-cle (ku'ti-k'l), n. The outer skin ; epider-
mis ; external covering of the bark of a plant.

— Cu-tic'U-lar (ku-tik'u-lar), a. Pertaining
to the cuticle.

Cut'lass (kiit'las), n. A broad, curving sword.
Cllt'ler (kut'ler), n. One who deals in cutlery.

— Cttt'ler-y (-ler-y), n. The business of a cut-
ler ; cutting instruments in general.

Cutlet (kut'lSt), n. A piece of meat for broiling.

Cut 'throat7 (kut'throt/), n. One who cuts
throats ; a murderer ; an assassin. — a. Mur-
derous ; barbarous.

Cut'tle (kut't'i), Cut'tle-iish' (-fTsh'), n. A
molluscous animal, having ten arms, by which
it attaches itself to other bodies.

Cut'wa'ter (kut'wa'ter), n. The fore part of a
ship's prow : the'angle of the pier of a bridge
directed up stream.

Cy'cle (si'k'l), n. A circle or orbit; time in
which a succession of events is completed, and
then returns in the same order ; a bicycle, tri-
cycle, or other velocipede. — n* i. To pass
through a cycle of changes ; to recur in cycles ;
to ride a bicycle, etc. — Cy'cler (sT'kler), Cy'-
Cllst (-klTst), n. One who ridesa cycle. — Cyc'-
lic(sik'lTk orsi'klik), CyClic-al (sTk'lT-k«l),
a. Pertaining to a cycle ; moving in cycles.

Cy'cloid (si'kloid), n. A geometrical curve gen-
erated by a point in a circle rolled along a
straight line. — Cydold'al (-kloid'al), a. Per-
taining to a cycloid.

Cy-clom'e-ter (si-klSm'S-ter), n. Device to re-
cord revolutions of a wheel, or distance traveled.

Oy'clone (si'klon), n. A rotatory wind storm.

Cy'ClO-pe'an (si'klo-pe'an), a. Pertaining to the

Cyclops ; huge ; vast ; massive.

Cy'clo-pe'di-a (si'ki6-pe'di-a), Cy'clo-pae'dl-a, n.
The circle or compass of art and science ; a dic-
tionary of arts and sciences, or of some one of
them ; an encyclopedia. — Cy'clo-ped'ic (-pSd'-
Tk or -pe'dlk), a. Belonging to a cyclopedia ;
encyclopedic ; extended ; comprehensive.

Cyg'net (sTg'ngt), n. A young swan.

Cyl'in-der (sll'in-der), n. A long circular body
of uniform diameter. — Cy-lin'dric
(si-lin'drlk), Cy-lin'driC-ai (-dri-
kal), a. Of the form or nature of a
cylinder.

Cym'bal (sim'bal), n. A musical in-
strument, consisting of metallic
plates, which are clashed together.

Cyme (sim), n. A flat-topped or con-
vex flower cluster.

Cyn'ic (sTn'Tk), Cyn'ic-al l-t-kai). a. Cylinder.
Having the qualities of a surly dog ; snarling ;
captious ; surly ; austere — Cyn'ic, n. A mo-
rose person ; a snarler ; a misanthrope. — Cyn'-
1-cism (-sTz'm), n. The conduct of a cynic.

Cyn'o-suie (si'no-shur or sin'6-shur), n. The
constellation of the Lesser Bear, containing the
polar star, which serves as a guide to naviga-
tors ; a center of attraction.

Cy'press (si'prgs), n. A coniferous tree, anciently
used at funerals, and an emblem of mourning.

Cyst (sist), n. A pouch or sac, in an animal
body, and containing morbid matter. — Cyst'iC
(sis'tik), a. Having the form of, living in,
containing, or contained in, a cyst.

Czar (ziir), n. A king ; a chief ; a title of the em-
peror of Russia. [Written also tzar."] — Cza-
Xl'na (za-re'na), n. The empress of Russia. —
Czar'O-Witz (zar'o-wtts or tsar'6-vech), n. The
eldest son of the czar of Russia.

D.

Dal) (<35b), v. t. [Dabbed (d5bd) ; Dabbing.] To
strike gently, as with the hand or something
soft cr moist. — n. A light blow with the hand
or a soft substance ; a small mass of something
soft or moist. — Dab'ber, n.

Dab (dSb), n. A dabster ; an expert.

Dab (dSb), n. A saltwater fish of the flounder
kind.

Dab'ble (dSb'b'l), v. t. To wet ; to spatter ; to
sprinkle. — v. i. To play in water ; to work
.slightly or superficially ; to tamper ; to meddle.
— Dab'bler, n.

Dab'ster (dSb'ster), n. One skilled ; an adept.

Dace (das), n. A small river fish.

HDachsllund' (daksliunt'), n. A small dog, with
short crooked legs and long body ; a badger dog.

Dac'tyl (daVtTl), n. A poetical foot of one long
and two short syllables, or one accented and two
unaccented syllables.

Dac'tyl-ol'o-gy (dak'tll-51'6-tf ), n. A method of

a. e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, 6bey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all

DAD

103

DANGEROUS

^^

Dactylology.

talking by motions of the hand and fingers;
chirology.

Dad (did), Dad'dy (dSd'dy), n. Father;— a
child's word. —Dad'dy longlegS' (15ng'legz').
An insect having a small body, and very long,
slender legs ; the crane tiy.

Da'do (da'do or da'do), n. ; pi. Dadoes (-doz).
The square part in the pedestal of a column ;
the base of a wall decorated with moldings.

Daf'fO-dil (d£f'tt-dll), n. A bulbous plant, bear-
ing flowers, usually yellow ; narcissus.

Daft (daft), a. Delirious ; insane ; foolish ; stu-
pid ; idiotic.

Dag (dag), n. A dagger ; a kind of pistol.

Dag (dag), n. A loose end ; a lock of wool.

Dag'ger (dag'ger), n. A short sword ; in print-
ing, a reference mark [1] ; — called also obelisk.

Dag'gle (dSg'g'l), v. t. & i. To trail in dirt ;
to draggle ; to soil.

Da'gO (da'go), n. Southwestern American nick-
name for one of Spanish or Portuguese descent.

Da-guerre'O-type ( da-gSr'o-tlp ), n. A kind of
photograph, on silvered copper. — v. t. To take
such a picture of.

Dah'lia (dal'ya or dal'ya), n. A Mexican flower-
ing plant.

Dai'ly (da'ty), a. Happening or belonging to
each successive day ; diurnal. — n. A publica-
tion which appears every day. — adv. Every
day ; day by day.

Dai/mi-o (di'mT-o), n. The title of a Japanese
feudal nobleman.

Dain'ty (dan'ty), a. Delicious to the taste ; ele^
gant ; nice ; overnice ; fastidious ; squeamish. —
n. ; pi. Dainties ( -ttz ). Anything delicious ; a
delicacy. — Dain'ti-ly, adv. — Dain'ti-ness, n.

Dal'ry (da'ry), n. A place for keeping milk and
making it into butter or
cheese ; the business of
making butter and cheese.

Da'is (da'Ts), n. A raised
floor in a dining hall ; an
upper table ; a seat with a
high back, and sometimes
a canopy.

Dal'sy (da'z^), n. A low,
flowering herb.

Daisy.

Dale (dal), n. A low place between hills ; vale ;

valley.
Dai'ly (dai'ly), v. i. [Dallied (-ltd) ; Dallying.]

To linger ; to delay ; to interchange caresses ;

to fondle. — Dal'li-er, n. — Dal'li-ance (-11-
ans), n. Act of dallying ; an embrace ; wanton-
ness.

Dam (d£mV n. A female parent ; — used of beasts.

Dam (dam), n. A mole or frame to obstruct the
flow of water, —v. t. [Dammed (dSind) ; Dam-
ming.] To restrain the flow of (water, etc.) by
a dam ; to shut up ; to confine.

Dam'age (dain'aj), n. Injury or harm ; hurt ;
loss ; pi. compensation for a wrong or injury
done to another, —v. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to
impair. — Dam'age-a-ble, a. Capable of being
damaged or impaired.

Dam'as-cene (dSui'as-sen), a. Of or pertaining
to Damascus. — n. A kind of plum ; — usually
called damson.

Dam/ask (d£m'«sk), a. Pertaining to, or origi-
nating at, the city of Damascus ; having the pink
color of the damask rose. —n. A woven fabric
(silk, linen, or woolen), having a pattern, but
uncolored ; the steel made in ancient Damascus,
also its peculiar marking. — v. t. To decorate
(linen, silk, steel, etc.) with ingrained figures.

Dame (dam), n. A mistress of a family ; a ma-
tron ; a lady ; a mistress of a school.

Damn (d5m), v. t. [Damned (danid or dSm'nSd)";
Damning (darning or dSm'mng).] To con-
demn ; to adjudge to punishment or death ; to
condemn to eternal punishment ; to censure. —
Damned (danid ; in serious discourse dSm'nSd),
a. Hateful ; detestable ; sentenced to future
punishment. — Dam'na-ble (-na-b'l), a. Wor-
thy of, or liable to, damnation ; odious ; detest-
able. — Dam'na-bly (-bly), adv. — Dam'na-tion
( - na ' shim ), n. Condemnation to everlasting
punishment in the future state. — Dam'na-tO-ry
(-na-to-ry), a. Condemnatory.

Damp (damp), a. Moderately wet ; moist ; humid.

— n. Moisture ; humidity ; depression ; discour-
agement.—v. t. . [Damped (damt) ; Damping.]
To moisten ; to render chilly ; to depress ; to de-
ject ; to discourage. — Damp'en (dXmp''n), v. t.
& i. To make or become damp or moist. —
Damp'er (dam'per), n. That which damps or
checks, as a valve to regulate the draught of air
or check action in a machine. — Damp'ness, n.

Dam/sel (dSm'zel), n. A young, unmarried wo-
man.

Dam/son (dSm'z'n), n. A small black plum.

Dance (dans), v. i. [Danced (danst) ; Dancing
(dan'slng).] To move with measured steps, or
to musical accompaniment ; to caper ; to frisk.

— v. t. To cause to dance ; to dandle. — n. A
moving to the sound of music ; a tune by which
dancing is regulated. — Dan'cer (dan'ser), n.

Dan'de-li on ( dSn'de-H'un ), n. A plant, with
yellow compound flowers.

Dan'der (dSn'der), n. Dandruff or scurf ; anger ;
vexation.

Dan'dle (dan'd'l), v. t. To toss (a child) on the
knee ; to fondle ; to pet. — Dan'dler, n.

Dan'drnff (dSn'druf ), n. Scurf on the head.

Dan'dy (dXn'd^), n. A fop ; a coxcomb. — Dan'-
dy-ism (-Tz'm), n. Foppishness; coxcombry.

Dan'ger (dan'jer), n. Peril ; hazard ; risk ; jeop-
ardy. — Dan'ger-OUS (-us), a. Attended with
danger ; perilous ; unsafe ; causing danger ;

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DANGEROUSLY

104

DEAFEN

threatening death. — Dan'ger-OUS-ly (dan'jer-
us-ly), adv. — Dan'ger-ous-ness, n.
Dan'gie (dan'g'l), v. i. To hang loosely, or with
a waving or jerking motion. — v. t. To swing.

— Daa'gler (-gler), n. One who hangs about
or follows other. , especially women.

Dank (dank), a. Damp ; moist ; humid ; wet. —
Dank'ish, a. Somewhat damp.

HDan'seuse' (daN'&ez'), n. A professional female
dancer.

Daph'ne (daf'ne), n. The laurel, a diminutive
shrub, with fragrant flowers.

Dap'per (dap'per), a. Little and active ; nimble ;
lively ; spruce ; smart.

Dap'ple (dap'p'l), n. One of the spots on a dapple
animal. — a. Marked with spots of different
shades of color ; variegated ; mottled. — v. t.
To variegate with spots.

Dare (da"r), v. i. [imp. Durst (dfirst) or Dared
(dard) ; p. p. Dared ; Daring.] To have cour-
age ; to venture. — v. t. To challenge ; to defy ;
to provoke ; to brave.

Dark (dark), a. Wanting light ; obscure ; opaque ;
hidden ; wicked. — n. Absence of light ; ob-
scurity ; ignorance ; secrecy. — Dark'ly, adv.
—Dark'ness, n. — Dark'en (darken), v. t. & t.
To make or become dark. — Dark'ish, a. Some-
what dark ; dusky. — Darkling, a. In the dark ;
without light. — Dark'SOme (-sum), a. Gloomy ;
obscure. — Dark'y (-y), n. A negro.

Darling (dar'ling), n. One dearly beloved ; a
favorite. — a. Dearly beloved.

Darn (darn), v. t. [Darned (damd) ; Darning.]
To mend (a rent or hole) by imitatiug the tex-
ture of the cloth with thread and a needle. —
n. A place mended by darning.

Dar'nel (dar'nel), n. A grass, including rye grass.

Dart (dart), n. A pointed missile weapon ; a
fish, the dace. — v. t. To throw ; to shoot ; to
emit ; to hurl. —v. i. To fly, as a dart ; to issue
suddenly ; to shoot rapidly.

Dash (dash), v. t. [Dashed (dSsht) ; Dashing.]
To throw violently. — v. i. To rush violently ;
to collide. — n. A collision ; crash ; ruin ; a sud-
den onset ; flourish ; parade ; a printer's mark
[— ], indicating a break or stop in a sentence.

Das'tard (daVterd), n. One who meanly shrinks
from danger ; a poltroon. — a. Cowardly. —
Das'tard-ly, a. Meanly timid; sneaking.

HDa'ta (da'ta), n. pi. Propositions given or ad-
mitted ; premises.

Date (diit), n. Time of an event ; epoch, — v. t.
To fix the time of. —~v. i. To have beginning.

— Date'less, a. Having no date.

Date ( lat), n. The fruit of the date palm ; also,
the. tree itself. —Date palm, Date tree. A
tropical tree, bearing dates.

Da'tive (da'tTv), a. Relating to the dative case.
— ». A case of Greek and Latin nouns which
expresses the remoter object, indicated in Eng-
lish by to or for with the objective.

Daub (dab), v. t. & i. [Daubed (dabd) ; Daub-
ing] To paint coarsely; to smear; to dis-
guise; to conceal. — n. A sticky application;
a smear ; a coarse painting. — Daub'er, n. —
Daub'er-y (er-V), n. A daubing ; anything art-
ful ; an imposition.

Daugh'ter (da'ter), n. A female child or de-
scendant. — ' Daugh'ter-in-laW (-Tu-la'), n.
The wife of one's son. — Daugh'ter-ly, a. Be-
coming a daughter ; filial.

a a Davits.

Daunt (d'ant), v. t. To repress or subdue the cour-
age of ; to dismay ; to intimidate. — Daunt'less,
a. Bold ; fearless ; intrepid. — Daunt'less-ly,
adv. — Daunt'less-ness, n.

Dau'phin (da/fin), n. The eldest son of the king
of France. — Dau'phin-ess ( - fin - g^ ), Dau'-
phine (da'xen), n. The wife of the dauphin.

Dav'en-port (dav'en-port), n. A writing table.

Dav'it (dav'it or da'vit), n. One of the arms
projecting from a ship's
side, for hoisting a boat,
anchor, etc.

Daw (da), n. A European
bird of the Crow family ; a
jackdaw.

Daw'dle (da'd'l), v. i. & t.
To waste time in trifling
employment ; to trifle. —
Daw'dler (-dler), n.

Dawn (dan), v. i. [Dawned
(daud) ; Dawning.] To be-
gin to grow light in the
morning; to begin to open
and give promise. — n. The break of day ; first
opening or expansion ; beginning ; rise.

Day (da), n. The time from sunrise to sunset ; the
period of the earth's revolution on its axis, —
divided into 24 hours ; a specified time or period ;
day of battle ; a successful contest ; a victory. —
Daybook' (-book'), n. A book recording the
accounts of the day. — Day'break' (-brak'), n.
The first appearance of light in the morning ;
dawn. — Day'light' (-Hf), n. The light of
day, or of the sun. — Days'man (daz'man), n.
An umpire ; an arbiter ; a mediator. — Day'-
spring' (da'sprlng'), n. Beginning of the day ;
dawn. — Day'Star7 ( - star ' ), n. The morning
star. — Day'time' (-tim'), n. The time between
sunrise and sunsetting.

Daze (daz), v. t. [Dazed (dazd) ; Dazing.] To
overpower with light ; to dazzle ; to bewilder.

Daz'zle (dSz'z'l), v. t. To overpower with light ;
to surprise with brilliancy, or display. — ' v. i.
To be overpoweringly or intensely bright.

Dea'COn (de'k'n), n. A subordinate church offi-
cer. — Dea'con-ess (de'k'n-Ss), n. A female
deacon ; a woman who assists in church work.
— Dea'con-ry (-ry), Dea'con-ship, n. The
office or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.

Dead (d5d), a. Destitute of life; inanimate;
dull ; still ; inactive ; soundless ; unproductive ;
cheerless ; monotonous ; sure as death ; unerr-
ing ; complete; deadly; not imparting motion
or power. — adv. To the last degree ; com-
pletely ; wholly ; exactly. — n. A period of pro-
found quiet or gloom ; pi. those who are dead ;
the departed. —Dead' beat' (bet'). A worth-
less idler ; one who sponges on his friends. —
Dead/head' (-hgd'), n. A receiver of free ad-
mission to theaters, public conveyances, etc. —
Dead'ly (-ly)< a. Causing death ; mortal ;
fatal ; implacable. — adv. So as to resemble or
occasion death ; destructively ; mortally. —
Dead'ness, n. The state of being dead ; dullness;
inertness; coldness; indifference. — Dead 'en
(dgd''n), v. t. [Deadened (-'nd) ; Deadening.]
To make dead, lifeless, or spiritless ; to blunt ;
to retard ; to obscure.

Deaf (dgf or def). a. Wanting the sense of hear-
ing ; unwilling to hear ; not to be persuaded. —
Deafness, n. — Deafen (dSf'n or dSf pn), v. t.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; seu&te, 5 vent, idea, obey, Unite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

DEAFENING

105

DECEITFULNESS

[Deafened (-'nd) ; Deafening.] To make deaf ;
to stun ; to render (a floor, partition, etc.) im-
pervious to sound, by lining it with mortar, etc.

— Deaf/en-ing, a. Distressingly loud. — n. The
process of rendering (a wall, floor, etc.) imper-
vious to sound ; the material used to fill spaces
for this purpose. — Deal '-mute' (-muf), n.
One who is deaf and dumb.

Deal (del), n. Part ; portion ; share ; indefinite
quantity, degree, or extent; division or distri-
bution of cards, or portion distributed to each
player ; division of a piece of timber by sawing ;
board ; plank ; wood of pine or fir trees. — v. t.
[Dealt (dSlt) ; Dealing.] To distribute; to
divide ; to bestow. — v. i. To make distribu-
tion ; to traffic ; to trade. — Deal'er, n. — Deal-
ing, n. The act of one who deals ; distribution
(of cards, etc. ) ; method of business ; traffic ;
intercourse ; transaction.

Dean (den), n. An ecclesiastical dignitary, sub-
ordinate to a bishop ; an officer or secretary of
a college faculty. — Dean'er-y (-er-y), n. The
office, revenue, residence, or jurisdiction, of a
dean. — Dean/Ship, n. The office of a dean.

Dear (der), a. Beloved ; costly ; precious. — adv.
Dearly ; at a high rate. — n. A dear one ; a dar-
ling. — Deadly, adv. — Dear'ness, n.

Deai^born (der'bern), n. A light four-wheeled
carriage, with curtained sides.

Dearth (derth), n. Scarcity which renders dear ;
want ; need ; poverty.

Death (dSth), n. Extinction of life; decease;
manner of dying. — Death'less. a. Undying ;
immortal. — Deathly, a. Resembling death or
a dead body ; deadly ; fatal. — Death/bed'; n.
The bed of a dying person ; the last sickness.

De-ba'cle (de-ba'k'l or da-ba'k'l), n. A bursting
forth ; a violent rush of waters, sweeping all be-
fore it ; a confused rout.

De-bai7 (de-bar'), v. t. [Debabred ; Debarking.]
To hinder ; to exclude ; to deny.

De-bark' (de-bark'), v. t. & i. To land from a
ship or boat ; to disembark ; to put ashore. —
De/bar-ka'tion (de/bar-ka'shim), n. Act of dis-
embarking.

De-base7 (de-bas'), v. t. [Debased (-bast') ; De-
basing.] To reduce from a higher to a lower
state ; to abase ; to degrade ; to lo%ver. — De-
bas'er, n. — De-base'ment, n. Degradation.

De-bate' (de-bat'), v. t. & i. To dispute ; to dis-
cuss ; to controvert. — n. Contention : dispute ;
controversy. — De-bat' er, n. — De-bat'a-ble, a.
Liable to be debated ; controvertible.

De-bauch' (de-bach'), v. t. & i. [Debauched
(-bachf) ; Debauching.] To corrupt ; to mar ;
to pollute ; to seduce. — n. Excess ; intemper-
ance ; lewdness. — De-bauch'er, n. — De-
bauched' (-bachf), a. Dissipated ; dissolute.

— De - bauch ' er-y (-er-y), n. Intemperance ;
habitual lewdness. — DeVau-chee' (deb'o-she'
or da'bo'sha'), n. One given to debauchery ; a
libertine ; a rake.

De-beige' (de-bazh'), n. A woolen or mixed
dress goods.

De-ben'ture (de-ben'tur), n. A writing acknowl-
edging a debt ; a customhouse certificate enti-
tling an exporter of imported goods to a draw-
back of duties ; a security for money loans.

De-bil'i-ty (de-bTl'T-ty), n. The state of being
feeble or weak ; want of strength ; languor. —
De-bil'i-tate (de-bTl'T-tat). v. t. To weaken ; to

enfeeble ; to relax. — De-bil'i-tant (-tant), a.
Diminishing energy ; reducing excitement.

Deb'it (debit), n. Debt ; debtor side of an ac-
count.—v./. [Debited; Debiting.] To charge
with debt.

Deb'o-nair' (deVo-uSr'), a. Courteous ; affable.

De-bouch' (de-boosh'), v. i. [Debouched
(-booshd') ; Debouching.] To issue or march
out of a confined phice, or from defiles. — UDe7-
bOU'chure' (da/boo'shur'), n. The outward
opening (of a valley, river, etc.).

ilDe'bris' (da'bre'), n. Ruins ; rubbish ; frag-
ments from a rock piled up at the base.

Debt (det), n. What is due from one person to an-
other ; obligation ; liability. — Debt'or (-er), n.

llDe'but' (da'bu'), n. A beginning or first at-
tempt ; a first appearance (of an actor, public
speaker, etc.). — llDe^bU-tant' (-taN'), n. One
making his first appearance before the public.
— HDe/bU-tante' (-taNf), n. A woman making
her first public appearance.

Dec'ade (dek'ad), n. The sum or number of ten.

De-ca'dence (de-ka'dens). De-ca'den-cy (-den-
sy), n. Decay ; fall ; deterioration.

Dec'a-gon (dek'a-gou), n. A plane figure of ten
sides and ten angles.

Dec'a-gram (dek'a-gram), Dec'a-gramme; n. A

weight of the metric system; 10 grams, or
about 154.32 grains avoirdupois.

Dec/a-he/dron (deVa-he'dron), n. A solid figure
or body having ten sides.

Dec'a-li/ter (dgk'a-le'ter or de-kSlT-ter), Dec'a-
li'tre, n. A measure of capacity in the metric
system ; a cubic volume of 10 liters or 610.24
cubic inches, or 2.642 wine gallons.

DeCa-logue (dgk'a-log), n. The ten command-
ments.

Dec/a-me/ter (dSk'a-me'ter), Dec'a-me'tre, n. A
measure of lenpth in the metric system, being
10 meters or 393.71 inches.

De-camp' (de-k£mp'), v. i. [Decamped (-kamf) ;
Decamping.] To move away from a camp ; to de-
part suddenly. — De-camp'ment, n. Departure.

Dec'a-nal (dSk'a-ncrl), a. Pertaining to a dean or
deanery.

De-can'drons (de-k5n'drus), a. Having ten sta-
mens.

De-cant' (de-kanf), v. t. To pour off (liquor
from its sediment) ; to pour from one vessel into
another. — De'can-ta'tion (de'kan-ta'shun), n.
A pouring off a fluid from its lees, or from one
vessel into another. — De-cant'er (-kanfer), n.
A vessel for holding decanted liquors.

De-cap'i-tate (de-kap'T-tat), v. t. To cut off the
head of ; to behead. — De-cap'i-ta'tion (-T-ta'-
shun), n. The act of beheading.

Dec'a-pod (dgk'a-p5d), n. A crustacean with ten
feet or legs, a-s the crab. —a. Having ten legs.

De-car'bon-ize (de-kar'b5n-iz), v. t. To deprive
of carbon. — De-car'bon-i-za'tion (-T-za'shQn),
n. The depriving a substance of carbon.

De-cay' (de-ka'), v. i. [Decayed (-kad') ; De-
caying.] To pass from a sound state to one of
imperfection or dissolution ; to fail ; to rot ; to
perish. — n. Failure of health or soundness.

De-cease' (de-ses'), n. Departure ; death. — 1>. t.
[Deceased (-?est') ; Deceasing.] To die.

De-ceit' (de-set'), n. An attempt or disposition
to deceive ; fraud ; imposition. — De-ceitful
(-set'ful), a. Full of deceit ; fraudulent. — De-
ceit'rdl-ly, adv. — De-ceit'fol-ness, n.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DECEIVE

106

DECORATE

Deceive' (de-seV), v. t. [Deceived (de-sevd') ;
Deceiving.] To lead into error ; to impose upon ;
to delude; to disappoint. — De-ceiv'er, n.
De-ceiv'a-Me, a. Subject or liable to deceit.
De-cem'ber (de-sem'ber), n. The twelfth (origi-
nally the tenth) and last month in the year.
De-cem'vir (de-sSm'ver), n. ; pi. E. Decemvtbs
(-verz), L. Decemviei (-vt-ri). One of ten mag-
istrates, who had absolute authority in ancient
Rome. — De-cem'vi-ral (-vT-ral), a. Pertaining
to decemvirs. — De-cem'vl-rate (-rat), n. The
office of decemvirs ; a body of ten men in au-
thority.
De'cen-cy (de'sen-s^), n. The state or quality of

being decent ; propriety ; fitness ; modesty.
De-cen'lia-ry (de-sgn'na-rjf), n. A period of ten
years. — De-cen'ni-al (-nl-al), a. Consisting of
ten years ; happening every ten years.
De'cent (de'sent), a. Suitable or becoming ; re-
spectable; fit; proper; seemly. — De'cent-ly,
adv. — De'cent-ness, n.
De-cep'tion (de-sep'shiin), n. The act of deceiv-
ing or misleading ; the state of being deceived ;
artifice-; cheat ; fraud ; imposition. — De-cep'-
tlve (-ttv), a. Tending to deceive ; misleading.
De-Cide' (de-sld'), v. t. & i. To determine; to
settle ; to conclude. — De-cid'ed, a. Free from
doubt or wavering ; determined ; positive ; un-
deniable ; clear. — De-cid'ed-ly, adv. In a de-
cided manner ; clearly.
De-Cid'U-OUS (de-sld'u-us), a. Falling off every

season ; not perennial or permanent.
Dec'i-gram (dgsT-gram), Dec'i-gramme, n. A
weight in the metric system, one tenth of a
gram, equal to 1.54 grains avoirdupois.
Dec'i-li-ter (dgsT-le'ter or de-sll'i-ter), Dec'i-
11/tre, n. A measure of capacity in the metric
system, one tenth of a liter, equal to 6.1 cubic
inches, or 3.38 fluid ounces.
De-Cil'lion (de-sTl'yun), n. According to English
notation, the tenth power of a million, or 1 with
60 ciphers annexed ; in French notation, the
eleventh power of a thousand, or 1 with 33
ciphers annexed. — De-cillionth (-yunth), a.
Pertaining to a decillion ; preceded by a decillion
less one. — ». The quotient of unity divided by
a decillion ; one of a decillion equal parts.
Dec'i-mal (dgs'T-mal), a. Pertaining to decimals ;
numbered or proceeding by tens. — n. A num-
ber expressed in the scale of tens ; a decimal
fraction. — Decimal fractions- Fractions in
which the denominator is some power of 10, as
■fist *$j» and is not expressed, but signified by a
point at the left of the numerator, as, .2, .25. —
Dec'i-mal-ly, adv.
Dec'i-mate (dgsT-mat), v. t. To take the tenth
part of ; to tithe ; to select by lot and kill every
tenth man of ; to devastate. — Dec'i-ma'tion
(-ma'shun), n. The taking of every tenth. —
Dec'i-ma'tor (-ma'ter), n.
Dec'i-me^ter, Dec'i-me'tre (dgsT-me'ter or de-
sTm'e-ter), n. A measure in the metric system,
being the tenth of a meter, or 3.937 inches.
De-ci'pher (dS-si'fer), v. t. [Decifhered (-ferd) ;
Deciphering.] To translate from a cipher into
intelligible terms ; to explain ; to reveal. — De-
cl'pher-er, n.
De-ci'sion (de-sYzh'lin), n. Determination ; set-
tlement; conclusion; report of a legal adjudi-
cation ; quality of being decided. — De-ci'sive
(de-sl'slv), a. Having the power or quality of

deciding a question or controversy, etc. ; final ;
conclusive ; positive. — De-Ci'sive-ly, adv. —
De-ci'sive-ness, n. — De-ci'so-ry (-so-ry), a.
Able to decide or determine.
Deck (dek), v. t. [Decked (dekt) ; Decking.]
To cover ; to overspread ; to dress ; to clothe ;
to furnish (a vessel) with a deck. — n. The
floorlike covering or division of a ship ; a pack
or set of cards.
De-claim' (de-klam'), v. i. [Declaimed (-klamd') ;
Declaiming.] To speak rhetorically ; to make
a formal oration ; to harangue ; to talk pom-
pously ; to rant. — De-daim/er, n. — DeC-
la-ma'tion (dek'la-ma'shun), n. Act or art of
declaiming ; set speech or harangue ; rhetorical
display, with more sound than sense. — De-
Clam/a-tO-ry (de-klam'a-to-r^), a. Pertaining
to declamation ; without solid sense or argument.
De-Clare' (de-klSr'), v. t. & i. [Declared
(-klSrd') ; Declaring.] To make known pub-
licly ; to proclaim ; to affirm ; to assert. — Dec'-
la-ra'tlon (dgk'la-ra'shun), n. Act of declar-
ing ; assertion; statement. — De-clar' a- tlve
(de-ki5r'a-tTv), De-clar'a-to-ry (-to-rf), a.
Making declaration, explanation, or exhibition ;
affirmative. — De-Clar'ed-ly (-klSr'Sd-l^), adv.
Avowedly ; explicitly.
De-Clen'Sion (de-klSn'shun), n. Act of declining ;
descent ; slope ; a falling off from excellence ;
deterioration ; a courteous refusal ; an inflection
of a word, according to grammatical forms.
De-Clin'a-ble, a. See under Decline.
Dec'li-na'tion (dgk/lT-na'shiin), n. A bending
downward ; inclination ; deterioration ; decay ;
withdrawal ; the angular distance of any object
from the celestial equator; the inflection of a
word through its various terminations.
De-cline' (de-klin'), v. i. [Declined (-klind') ;
Declining.] To bend over ; to fail ; to decay ;
to deviate ; to refuse. — v. t. To bend down-
ward ; to shun ; to refuse ; to inflect. — n. A
falling off ; a tendency to a worse state ; diminu-
tion; decay; consumption. — De-Clin'a-ble, a.
De-Cltv'i-ty (de-klTvT-tJf), n. Inclination down-
ward ; slope. — De-cli'VOUS (-kll'viis), De-cliv'-
1-tous (-kliv'T-tus), a. Gradually descending.
De-COCt' (de-k5kf), v. t. To prepare by boiling ;
to digest. — De-coc'tion (-kgk'shun), n. A boil-
ing ; a preparation made by boiling.
De-COl'latO (de-k51'lat), v. t. To behead ; to de-
capitate. — De'COl-la'tion (de/kBl-la'shun), n.
Decapitation.
HDe'eoMe-te' (da'kSMe-ta'), a. Leaving the neck

and shoulders bare ; low-necked, as a dress.
De-COl'or (de-kul'er), v. t. To deprive of color ;
to bleach. — De-COl'or-a'tlon (-kul'er-a'shiin),
n. Removal or absence of color.
Decompose' ( de'kBm-poz' ), v. t. To resolve
into original elements. — v. i. To undergo dis-
solution. — De'com-pos'a-ble ( -poz'a b'l ), a.
Capable of being decomposed. — De-com/po-si'-
tion (-kSm'po-zTsh'iin), n. The act or process
of resolving a compound into its elementary
parts ; analysis ; decay ; disintegration.
De'com-pos'lte (de'kgm-pSz'Tt), a. Compounded
more than once. — n. Anything decom-
pounded.
De compound' (de'kom-pound'), v. t. To com-
pound a second time ; to decompose. — a. Com-
pounded repeatedly.
Dec'o-rate (dgk'o-rat), v. t. To deck ; to adorn ;

S, e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, i, 5, ii, y , short ; sen&te, 6 vent, Idea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

DECORATION

107

DEFECTION

to embellish ; to ornament. — Dec' 0-ra'tion
(-ra'shun), n. Act of decorating ; embellishment.

— Dec'O-ra-tive (dek'6-ra-tiv), a. Suited to em-
bellish ; adorning. — Dec'O-ra'tor (-ra'ter), n.

De-CO'rous (de-ko'rus or dek'6-), a. Becoming ;
proper ; seemly. — De-CO'rous-ly, adv. — De-
co'rous-ness, n.

De-COr'ti-cate (de-kOr'ti-kat), V. t. To take off
the exterior coating or bark of ; to husk ; to peel.

— De-COT'ti-ca'tion (-koVtT-ka'shfin), n. Act
of stripping off the bark or husk.

De-C0'rum (de-ko'rum), n. Propriety of speech
or conduct ; decency.

De-coy' (de-koi'), v. t. [Decoyed (-koid') ; De-
coying.] To lead or entice into a snare ; to
deceive ; to entrap. — • n. Allurement ; tempta-
tion ; snare ; lure.

De-crease' (de-kres'), v. t. & i. [Decreased
(-kresf) ; Decreasing.] To diminish ; to lessen.

— n. Diminution; decay; wane.

De-cree' (de-kre'), n. An order ; a regulation ;
ordinance ; edict. — v. t. [Decreed (-kred') ;
Decreeing.] To determine ; to order ; to ap-
point. — v. i. To make decrees.

Dec're-ment (dgk're-ment), n. Decrease ; waste.

De-crep'it (de-krgp'Tt), a. Worn by infirmities of
age. — De-crep'i-tUde (-T-tud), n. Bodily in-
firmity from old age.

De-Crep'I-tate (de-krgpl-tat), V. t. To roast, so
as to cause crackling. — v. i. To crackle, as
salts when roasting. — De-crep'i-ta'tion (-ta'-
shun), n. Act of decrepitating.

De-cre'tal (de-kre'tal), a. Containing, or per-
taining to, a decree. — n. An authoritative or-
der or decree, esp. by the pope ; a collection of
decrees or edicts. — Dec're-to-ry (dgk're-to-ry),
a. Established by decree ; official ; critical.

De-cry' (de-kri'), v. t. [Decried (-krid') ; Decry-
ing.] To cry down , to censure ; to depreciate ;
to detract ; to disparage. — De-cri'er (-kri'er),
n. — De-Cll'al (-al), n. Censure; disparagement.

De-Ctim'Dent (de-kum'bent), a. Bending down ;
prostrate ; recumbent. — De-CUm1)ent-ry, adv.

— De-cum'bence (-bens), De-cum'ben-cy (-ben-
s$), n. A lying down. — De-cum1>i-ture (-bl-
tur), n. Confinement from sickness.

Dec'U-ple (dgk'u-p'l), a. Tenfold ; multiplied by

ten. — n. A number ten times repeated. — v. t.

To make tenfold ; to multiply by ten.
De-CU'rl-011 (de-ku'n-on), n. A Roman officer

who commanded ten soldiers.
De-CUS'sate (de-kus'sat), v. I. To cross at an

acute angle ; to intersect in the form of an X.

— De'CUS-Sa'tiOll (de'kus-sa'shun), n. A cross-
ing at an acute angle.

Ded'i-cate ( dgd'T-kat ), v. t. To consecrate ; to
devote ; to inscribe. — Ded'i-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n.

— Ded'i-Ca'tion (-ka'shfin), n. Act of setting
apart, consecrating, or appropriating ; address
prefixed to a book, commending the work to fa-
vor. — Ded'1-ca-to'ri-al (-ka-to'rT-rti), Ded'i-ca-
to-ry (ded'i-ka-to-ry), a. Serving as a dedica-
tion; complimentary.

De-duce' (de-dus'), v. t. [Deduced (de-dust');
Deducing.] To draw (an inference) ; to infer.

— De-dUCe'ment, n. A deducing ; inference. —
De-du'Ci-ble (-du'sT-b'l), a. Capable of being
deduced. — De-dU'Cive (-siv), a. Performing
deduction.

De-duct' (de-dukf), v. t. To take away ; to sub-
tract.— De-duC'tiOU (de-diik'shun), n. A

deducing, inferring, deducting, or taking away ;
inference; conclusion; a part taken away ; abate-
ment. — De-duct'ive (-duk'ttv), a. Of or per-
taining to deduction ; deducible. — De-ducf-
ive-ly, adv-

Deed (ded), n. That which is done ; act ; achieve-
ment ; exploit ; a sealed instrument in writing,
conveying property. — v. t. To convey or trans-
fer by deed.

Deem (dem), v. t. & i. [Deemed (demd) ; Deem-
ing.] To think; to judge; to estimate.

Deep (dep), a. Far to the bottom or to the rear ;
profound ; sagacious ; abstruse ; artful ; intri-
cate ; grave ; of low tone. — adv. To a great
depth ; far down ; profoundly ; deeply. — n.
That which is deep ; the depth ; the midst ; the
sea or ocean. — Deep'ly, adv. — Deep'ness, n.

— Deep'en (dep''u), v. t. To make deep or
deeper. — v. t. To become deeper.

Deer (der), n. sing. & pi. A ruminant forest
quadruped hunted
for venison.

De-face' (de-fas')'
v. t. [Defaced
( - fast ' ) ; Defa-
cing.] To disfig-
ure ; to mar ; to
erase ; to destroy.
— De-fa'cer, n.

— De - face ' ment
(-fas'ment), n. Act
of defacing ; condi-
tion of being de-
faced; that which

De-fal'cate (dS-faT- M ^ sfc

kat), v. t. To cut
off; to deduct a

parii of * rJ>%[ H1," Head of Deer,

ca'tion (de'fSl-ka'-

shun), n. A cutting off; diminution; deficit;
that which is cut off; abstraction of money,
etc. ; embezzlement.

De-fame' (de-fam'), v. t. [Defamed (-famd') ; De-
faming.] To asperse ; to slander ; to calumni-
ate. — De-fam'er, n. — De-fam'a-to-ry (-fam'a-
to-r^), a. Containing defamation ; slanderous ;
calumnious. — Del a-ma'tion (dgf'a-ma'shun),
n. Slander; detraction.

De-fault' (de-f alt'), n. Omission ; want ; failure.
— v. i. To fail to appear in court ; to let a case
go by default. — v. t. To fail to perform ; to
call (a defendant, etc.) and record his default,
if he fails to appear. — De-f ault'er, n. One
who makes default ; a delinquent ; a peculator.

De-fea'sance (de-fe'zans), n. A rendering null
or void. — De-f ea'si-ble (-zi-b'l), a. Capable
of being annulled or made void.

De-feat' (de-fef), v. t. To overcome or vanquish ;
to overpower ; to subdue ; to foil ; to disap-
point. — n. An overthrow ; rout ; frustration.

Def'e-cate (dSf'e-kat), v. t. To clear (liquor,
etc.) from impurities ; to clarify ; to purify. — a.
Freed from dregs, lees, etc. ; refined ; purified.

— Def'e-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. Act of separa-
ting from impurities, or of voiding excrement
from the body.

De-fect' (de-fgkf), n. Want of something nec-
essary for completeness or perfection ; imper-
fection ; blemish ; deformity. — De - fee ' tion
(-fSk'shun), n. Abandonment of a person or

fSrn, recent, orb, rjide, full, urn, food, f o~ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

DEFECTIVE

108

DELECTABLE

cause ; apostasy , backsliding. -De - f ect ' ive
(de-fgk'tTv), a. Having defects; incomplete;
deficient ; imperfect ; faulty. — De-fect'ive-ly,
adv. — De-fect'ive-ness, n.

De-fence', n. See Defense.

De-fend' (de-fend'), v. t. To guard from injury;
to protect. — De-fend'ant (-ant), n. One who
makes defense or opposes a complaint or charge.
— De-fend'er, n.

De-fense' (de-fens'), De-fence', n. Act of de-
fending, or state of being defended ; protec-
tion from injury ; vindication ; justification. —
De-fense'less, De-fenceless, a. Destitute of
defense ; unprotected. — De-fen'si-ble (-fen'sT-
b'l), a. Capable of being defended. — De-fen'-
Sive (-siv), a. Serving to defend. — n. That
which defends ; safeguard ; state of defense. —
De-fen'sive-ly, adv.

De-fer' (''e-fer'), v. t. [Deferred (-ferd') ; De-
ferring.] To put off ; to delay ; to postpone.
— • v. i. To wait ; to yield out of respect. —
De-fer'rer, n. — Def'er-ence (dgfer-ens), n.

Respect or concession to another ; regard ; com-
plaisance. — Def er-en'tial (dgfer-gu'shal), a.
Expressing deference ; accustomed to defer.

De-fi'ance (de-fl'ans), n. A defying; a chal-
lenge ; provocation ; opposition ; willingness to
fight. — De-fi'ant (-ant), a. Full of defiance ;
bold ; insolent.

De-fi'cient (de-fTsh'ent), a. Wanting ; inade-
quate ; defective ; imperfect ; short. — De-fi'-
cient-ly, adv. — De-fi'cience (-ens), De-fi'cien-
cy (-fTsh'en-sy), n. Defect ; imperfection.

Def'i-Cit (dgf'T-sTt), n. Deficiency ; lack.

De-fi'er (de-fl'er), n. One who defies.

De-file' (de-l'Il' or defll), n. A narrow passage
or way. — (de-f II'), v. i. To march off, file by
file ; to file off.

De-file' (de-fll'), v. t. To pollute ; to corrupt ; to
soil ; to debauch. — De-f ile'ment (-ment), n. A
defiling ; uncleanness ; pollution. — De-fil'er, n.

De-fine' (de-fin'), v. t. To end ; to determine the
boundaries of ; to mark out with distinctness •,
to exhibit clearly ; to explain ; to interpret. —
De-fin'er, n. — De-fin'a-ble, a.

Def'i-nite (def'T-nTt), a. Having certain limits ;
precise ; exact ; serving to define or restrict. —
Definitely, adv. — Def'i-nite-ness, n.

Def'i-ni'tion (dei'T-nTsh'un), n. Act of defining;
description of a thing by its properties ; expla-
nation of the meaning of a word or term.

De-fin'i-tive (de-f Tn'T-tTv), a. Determinate ; pos-
itive ; final ; unconditional ; limiting. — n. That
which ascertains or confirms. — De-fin'i-tive-
lv. adv. — De-f in'1-tive-ness, n.

Def'la-grate (dgf'la-grat), v. i. & t. To burn with
a sudden and sparkling combustion. — Defla-
gration (-gr&Vshfin), n. A sudden combustion
without exT>losio!i. — De-fla'gra-ble (de-fla'-
gra-b'l or def'la-), a. Combustible.

De-flect' (de-ttgkf). ?>. i. & t. To turn aside ; to
deviate. — De-flec'tion ( -flgk'shun ), De-flex'-
Ure (-flgk-'ur), n. A turning aside ; deviation.

De-flour' (de-Hour'), v. t. [Defloured (-fiourd') :
Deflourino.] To ravish ; to seduce. — Def'lo-
ra'tion (dSf'R-ra'shttn or de'fio-), n. Rape.

De-flux'ion (de-fliik'shun), n. A discharge or
flowing oh of humors.

De-fO'li-a'tion (de-io'lT-a'shun), n. The fall or
shedding of leaves.

De-force' (de-fors'), V. t. To keep from the

owner unlawfully. — De-f orce'ment, n. Wrong-
ful withholding (of lands or tenements).
De-form' (de-f&rm'), v. t. [Deformed (-foimd') ;
Deforming.] To mar or alter in form ; to disfig-
ure ; to deface ; to make ugly. — De-form'er, n.

— De-form'i-ty (-i-ty), n. The state of being
deformed ; ugliness ; defect ; absurdity.

De-fraud' (de-frad'), v. t. To deprive of right by
fraud or artifice ; to cheat. — De-fraud'er, n.

De-fray' (de-fra'), v. t. [Defrayed (-frad') ; De-
fraying.] To meet the cost of ; to bear the ex-
pense of. — De-fray'er, n. — De-fray'al (-f ra'-
al), De-fray'ment, n. Payment of charges.

Deft (dgft), a. Apt ; dexterous ; neat. — Deft'ly,
adv. — Deft'ness, n.

De-funct' (de-funkf), a. Dead; deceased, —n.
A dead person.

De-fy' (de-fl'), v. t. [Defied (-fid') ; Defying.]
To dare ; to challenge ; to brave.

De-gen'er-ate (de-jgn'er-at), a. Having become
worse than one's kind ; deteriorated ; degraded ;
mean ; base ; low. — (-at), v. i. To deteriorate ;
to be degraded. — De-gen'er-ate-ly, adv. — De-
gen'er-ate-ness, De-gen'er-a-cy (-a-s^), n. De-
terioration; meanness. — De-gen'er-a'tion (-a'-
shiin), n. Decline ; debasement.

Deg'lU-ti'tion (dgg'lu-tish'un or de'glu-), n. Act
or power of swallowing.

De-grade7 (de-grad'), v. t. To deprive of rank
or title ; to abase ; to lower ; to reduce. — De-
graded, a. Reduced in character or reputa-
tion; low; base. — De-prad'ing-ly, adv. In a
degrading manner. — Deg'ra-da'tion ( dgg' ra-
da'shun), n. Loss of rank or value ; degener-
acy ; abasement ; disgrace.

De-gree' (de-gre'), n. A step ; position ; station ;
rank ; the 3G0th part of a circle ; G9j miles.

De-hiS'cence (tie-hTs'sens), n. Act of gaping;
opening of pods and cells at maturity. — D©-
his'cent (-sent), a. Opening, as a pod.

De'i-form (de'i-l6rm), a. Like a god ; of god-
like form.

De'i-fy (de'T-fl), v. t. [Deified (-fid) ; Deifying.]
To exalt to the rank of deity ; to render godlike.

Deign (dan), v. i. [Deigned (dand) ; Deigning.]
To think worthy; to vouchsafe ; to condescend.

— v. t. To grant ; to allow.

De'ism (de'Tz'm), n. Belief in God, but not in
revelation. — De'ist (-1st), n. An advocate of
deism; a freethinker. — De-is'tic (-Ts'tTk), De-
is'tic-al (-tT-k<7l), a. Pertaining to deism or to
deists ; containing deism.— De-is'tic-al-ly, adv.

De'i-ty (de'Y-ty), n. A divinity ; a god.

De-ject' (de-jgkf), v. t. To cast down ; to dis-
pirit; to discourage ; to depress. — De-ject'ed-ly,
adv. In a dejected manner; sadly. — De-ject'-
ed-ness, n. — De-jec'tion (-jSk'shun), n. Low-
ness of spirits; melancholy; dishearteument.

De-laine' (<ie-lan'), n. A kind of dress goods.

De-lay' (de-la'), v. A putting oil; procrastina-
tion; hindrance; detention; stop. —«. t. [De-
layed (-lad') ; Delaying.] To put off; to de-
fer ; to detain ; to hinder ; to prolong ; to
protract. — v. i. To move 6lowly ; to linger ;
to tarry. — De-lay'er, n.

De'le (de'le), v. t. To erase ; to remove (some-
thing put in type); — usually used in the im-
perative, and expressed thus : $■. — Del'e-ble
(del'e-b'l or de'le-), a. Capable of being blotted
out.

De-lec'ta-ble (de-15k'ta-b'l), a. Highly pleasing;

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; eeu&te, 6vent, Idea, Obey, &aite, c4re, arm, ask, all, final,

DELECTABLENESS

109

DEMOCRAT

delightful. — De-lec'ta-ble-ness, n. — De-lec'-
ta-bly, adv. — De'lec-tation (ae'lek-ta'shun),
n. Great pleasure ; delight.

Del'e-gate (del'e-gat), n. One sent to represent
anotner ; a representative ; a deputy. — v. t.
To send as one's representative; to commis-
sion ; to depute ; to intrust to the care of an-
other ; to assign ; to commit. — a. Sent to act
for another ; deputed. — Del/ e- ga' tion (-ga'-
shuu), n. A delegating; one or more peiouns
deputed to represent others; deputation.

De-lete' (de-.et'), v. t. [Deleted; Deleting.]
To olot out ; to erase ; to destroy.

Del e-te'ri-0113 (deTe-te'ri-us or de/le-), a. De-
structive ; pernicious.

Pelf (dgli), n. Eirthenware, glazed.

De-lib'er-ate (de-llb'er-at), v. t. & i. To weigh
in the mind ; to consider ; to ponder. — De-lib'-
er-ate (-it), a. Circumspect ; well considered ;
slow. — De-lib'er-ate-ly, adv. — De-lib' er-ate-
ness, n. — De-lib'er-a'tion (de-iTtyei-a'snun),

n. Act of deliberating ; mature reflection ; wari-
ness ; caution; consultation. — De-lib'er-a-tive
(-a-tiv), a. Pertaining to, or acting by, delio-
eratiou. — De-lib'er-a-tive-ly, adv.

Del'i-cate (u61'I-k£t), a. Nice ; fine ; consider-
ate ; feeble ; frail ; tender ; dainty ; critical. —
Del'i-cate-ly, adv. — Del'i-cate-ness, n — Del'-
i-Ca-cy (-ka-sy), n. Refinement of ta3te or sen-
sibility ; elegance; daintiness; luxury.

De-li/cious (de-lisn'iis), a. Affording exquisite
pleasure ; delightful. — De-li'CiOUS-ly, adv. —
De-li'cijus-ness, n.

De-light' (ue-lic'), n. Great joy or pleasure, or
that which affords it. — v. t. To give great
pleasure to ; to please highly. — V. i. To have or
take great pleasure. — De-light'ed, a. Greatly
pleased; charmed. — De- light 'fill (-ful), a.
Delicious ; charming. — De-ligllt/f ul-ly, adv.

De-lin'e-ate (de-lin'e-at), v. t. To represent ;
to sketch ; to portray ; to depict ; to paint ; to
draw; to describe. — De-lin'e-a'tion (-a'shiin),
n. A description ; a sketch ; an outline. — De-

lin'e-a'tor (-lln'e-a'ter), n. — De-lin'e-a-ment

(-liu'e-a-ment), n. Delineation.

Delinquent ( Je-lTn'kwent), a. Failing in duty ;
offending by neglect. — n. A transgressor ; an
offender ; a culprit. — De-lin'quen-cy (-kwen-
sy), n. Failure or omission of duty; fault;
misdeed ; crime.

Del i-quesce' (deTT-kwes'), v. i. [Deliquesced
(-kwesf ) ; Deliquescing.] To melt in air. —
Deri-ques'cence (,-kwes'sens), n. Act or state
oi oeing deliquescent. — Del'i-ques'cent (-sent),
a. Liquefying in the air ; branching so that the
stem is lost in the branches.

De-Liq'Ui-ate (de-lik'wi-at), v. i. To deliquesce.
— llDe-liq'Ui-um (-wi-Qm), n. A melting in
the air, or in a moist place.

De-lir'i-um(de-lir'i-um), n. Derangement; men-
tal aberration ; strong excitement ; wild enthu-
siasm.— Delirium tremens (tre'nienz). Vio-
lent delirium induced by excessive use of intox-
icating liquors. — De-lir'i-OUS (-us), a. Having
delirium ; insane. — De-lir'i-OUS-ness, n.

De-liV'er (de-liv'er), v. t. [Delivered (-erd) ;
Delivering.] To free from restraint ; to set at
liberty ; to rescue or save from evil ; to give or
transfer; to communicate , to impart ; to relieve
of a child in childbirth. — De-liVer-er, n. —
De-liv'er-ance (-er-ans), n. Act, of delivering ;

state of being delivered; freedom; opinion or
decision expressed. — De-liV'er-> (-er-y), n. Act
of delivering from restraint ; rescue ; release ;
surrender; act or style of utterance; parturi-
tion ; freedom ; preservation.

Dell (del), n. A dale ; a valley ; a ravine.

Del'phi-an (del'f I-an), Del'phic (-f Ik), a. Relat-
ing to Delphi, and to its oracle ; oracular ; am-
biguous ; mysterious.

Del'phin (del'liu), Del'phine, a. Fsrtaininer to
the dauphin of France, or to an edition 01 the
classics prepared for his use.

Del'phine (del'lln), a. Pertaining to the dolphin,
a genus of nshes.

Del'ta (del'ta), n. The Greek letter A ; a tract
of land between two mouths of a river. — Del'-
toid (-toid), a. Like the Greek A ; triangular.

De-lude' (de-lud'), v. t. To lead into error ; to
mislead ; to beguile ; to cheat. — De-lud'er, n.

Deluge (del'uj), n. An inundation; a flood; esp.,
the nood in Noah's time ; a great calamity. —
v. t. [Deluged (-ujd) ; Deluging.] To over-
flow ; to inundate ; to drown ; to overwhelm.

De-lll'sion (de-lu'zhun), n. Act of deluding;
deception ; state ot beiug deluded ; error ; illu-
sion ; fallacy. — De-lu'sive (-sTv), a. Fitted to
delude; deceptive; delusory. — De-lll'SO-ry (-so-
ry), a. Apt to delude ; fallacious.

Delve (delv), v. L [Delved (delvd) ; Delving.]
To dig ; to penetrate ; to trace out. —v. i. To
labor with the spade. — Delv'er, n.

Dem'a-gOgue (dem'a-gog), n. One who controls
the multitude by specious arts ; an artful poli-
tician.

De-main', n. See Demesne.

Demand' (de-inand'), v. t. To ask ; to claim ; to
require; to be in urgent need of. — v. i. To
make a demand ; to inquire. — n. A demand-
ing ; requisition ; que tion ; manifested want ;
claim. — De-mand'a-ble, a. Capable of being
demanded. — De-mand'er, n.

De'mar-ca'tion ( de'mar-ka'shun ), De'mar-ka'-

tion, n. A division of territory ; a boundary.

De-mean' (de-men'), v. t. [Demeaned (-mend') ;
Demeaning.] To manage ; to conduct ; to com-
port (one's self). — De-mean'or (-nien'er), n.
Conduct; behavior; deportment; bearing; mien.

De-ment'ed (de-ment'ed), a. Insane ; mad ; of
unsound mind. — ||De-men'ti-a (-men'shl-a), n.
Insanity ; loss of reason ; idiocy.

De-mer'it (de-mer'it), n. Misconduct, fault;
vice.

De-mer'siOH (de-mer'shun), n. A plunging into
a fluid ; immersion.

Demesne' (de-men'), De-main' (de-man'), n. A

manor house, with adjoining land.

Dem'i-god (dgm'T-god), n. A deified hero.

Dem'i-john (dem'i-j5n), n. A large glass bottle,
inclosed in wickerwork.

HDem i-monde7 (dem'T-mSNd'), n. Persons of
doubtful reputation ; courtesans.

De-mise' (de-miz'), n. Death of a royal or illus-
trious person; conveyance or transfer of an
estate. — v. t. [Demised (-mizd') ; Demisivg.]
To bequeath ; to bestow by will. — De-mis'a-ble
(-miz'a-b'l), a. Capable of being leased.

De-moc'ra-cy (de-mok'ra-sy), n. Government by
the people, or by representatives chosen by
the people ; a republic ; the principles of one
of the American political parties. — Dem'0-crat
(dgm'6-krat), n. An adherent of democracy. —

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DEMOCRATIC

110

DENY

Dem'o-crat'ic (dgni'6-krat'Tk), Dem'o-crat'ic-
al ^-l-kai), a. Pertaining to, or favoring, de-
mocracy.— Dem'o-crat'ic-al-ly (-I-kai-iy), adv.

De-mol'ish ( ue-m51'ish ), v. t. [Demolished
(-Isnt) ; Demolishing.] To throw or pull down ;
to ruin ; to overthrow ; to destroy. — Dem'O-ll'-
tion (dem'o-lTsh'un), n. Act of overthrowing ;
ruin ; destruction.

De'mon (de'mou), n. An evil spirit ; a devil. —
De-mo'ni-ac (-ni6'nT-ak),Dem'o-ni'ac-al (dgm'-
6-ni'a-kal), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or
produced by, demons ; devilish. — D e-mo'ni-ac,
n. A human being possessed by an evil spirit. —
De'mon-ism (de'nion-Tz'm), n. Belief in de-
mons or false gods. — De'mon-ol'a-try (-ol'a-
try), n. Worship of demons. — De/mon-Ol'0-gy
(-o-jy), n. A treatise on demons.

Dem'on-Strate (dem'on-strat or de-mon'strat),
v. t. To prove fully or to a certainty ; to point
out ; to exhibit ; to manifest. — Dem'on-stra'-
tor (dein'on-stra'tSr), n. — De-mon'stra-to-ry
(ue-mCu'stra-to-ry), De-mon'stra-tive (-tiv), a.
Tending to demonstrate ; conclusive ; frank ;
open. — De-mon'Stra-tive, n. A demonstrative
pronoun ; a pronoun distinctly designating that
to which it refers. — De-mon'stra-tive-ly, adv.

— De-mon'stra-ble (-stra-b'l), a. Capable of
being demonstrated ; admitting of decisive
proof. — De-mon'stra-bly, adv. — De - mon'-
stra-ble-ness, De-mon'stra-bil'i-ty (-bTi'I-ty),
n. — Dem'on-Stra'tion (dgm/on-stra'shun), n.
Proof ; manifestation ; display of strength.

De-mor'al-ize (de-mor'al-iz), v. t. To destroy or
undermine the morals of ; to corrupt in morals,
discipline, courage, etc. — De-mor al-i-za'tion
(-al-I-za'shun), n. Loss or destruction of mor-
als, discipline, etc.

De-mul'cent (de-mul'sent), a. Softening; mol-
lifying ; soothing. — n. A soothing medicinal
application.

Demur' (de-muV) v. i. [Demurred (-mfird') ; De-
murring.] To hesitate ; to pause ; to delay. —
n. Stop; hesitation; suspense. — De-mur'rer,
n. One who demurs ; stoppage of a legal action
by a point which the court must determine.

— De-mur'rage (-mur'raj), n. Detention of a
ship, freight, etc. ; payment for such detention.

De-muie' (de-mur'), a. Grave ; affectedly mod-
est. — De-mure'ly, adv. — De-mure'ness, n.

De-my' (de-mi'), n. A small size of paper.

Den (den), n. A cave ; a beast's dwelling ; a re-
treat ; a haunt. — v. i. To dwell ; to inhabit.

De-na'tlon-al-ize (de-nash'un-al-iz), v. t. To di-
vest of national character or rights.

Den'drite (den'drit), n. A mineral, on which are
branching figures resembling trees. — Den-drit'-
ic (-drlt'Tk), Den-drit'iC-al (-I-kal), a. Con-
taining delineations like shrubs or trees. —
Den'dri-form (-drl-fSrm), Den'droid (-droid),
a. Resembling a shrub or tree in form ; den-
dritic. — Den-drol'o-gy (-drol'6-jy), n. Natural
history of trees.

Den'gue (dgn'ga), n. Breakbone fever, an epi-
demic eruptive fever of the West Indies, Egypt,
India, etc.

De-ni'a-ble, De-ni'aL See under Dent.

Den'1-zen (dgn'I-z'n), n. A citizen ; a stranger
admitted to residence in a foreign country ;
an inhabitant. — V. t. To enfranchise ; to pop-
ulate (a region) with denizens. — Den'i-za'tion
(-za'shun), n. Act of making one a denizen.

De-nom'i-nate (de-nom'T-nat), v. t. To give a
name to ; to entitle ; to designate. — a. Having
a specific name. — De-noml-na'tion (-na'shun),
n. Act of naming or designating ; a name ; a
class, or collection of individuals, called by the
same name ; a sect ; a title ; a category. — D8-
nom'i-na'tion-al (-al), a. Relating to a denom-
ination. — De-nom'i-na-tlve (-na-tiv), a. Con-
ferring a denomination or title. — De-nom'i-
na'tor (-na'ter), n. The giver of a name;
a number below the line in fractions, showing
how many parts the integer is divided into.

De-note' (de-nof), v. t. To indicate ; to mark ; to
signify ; to show. — De-not'a-ble (-not'a-b'l), a.

— De/no-ta'tion (de'no-ta'shun or den'o-), n.
A marking off ; a separation.

liDe'noue'ment' (da'nob'maN' or da-noo'maN), n.
The catastrophe of a drama, romance, etc. ; the
upshot or solution of a mystery ; ar. event.

De-nounce' (de-nouns'), v. I. To accuse publicly ;
to threaten; to stigmatize. — De-noun'cer
(-noun'ser), n. — De-nounce'ment, n. A proc-
lamation of a threat, calamity, etc.

Dense (dens), a. Having the constituent part
closely united ; close ; compact. — Dense'ly,
adv. — Den'si-ty (den'sT-ty), n. Quality of be-
ing dense or thick ; compactness ; proportion of
mass, or quantity of matter, to bulk or volume.

Dent (dgnt), n. A small hollow ; a mark made by
a blow ; an indentation. — v. I. To make a dent
upon ; to indent.

Den'tal (dgn'tal), a. Pertaining to the teeth. — n.
A sound or letter formed by aid of the teeth. —
Den'tate (dSn'tat), Den'ta-ted (-ta-tSd), a.
Toothed; sharply notched ; serrate. — Den-ta'-
tion (den-ta'shun), n. Formation of teeth. —
Dent'ed, a. Indented ; impressed with little
hollows. — Den'ti-Cle (den'tT-k'l), n. A small
tooth or projecting point. — Den - tic ' U - late
(den-tik'u-htt), Den-tic'U-la'ted (-la 'ted), a.
Notched into little toothlike projections ; finely
dentate. — Den -tiC U-la'tion (-la'shun), n.
The state of being set with small notches or
teeth. — Den'ti-form (den'tT-f6rm), Den'toid
(-toid), a. Having the form of teeth. — Den'ti-
frice (-tT-fiTs), n. A substance for cleaning the
teeth. — Den'tine (-tin), 7i. The calcified sub-
stance of which teeth are mostly composed.

Den'til (dgn'til), n. A square block or projection
in cornices.

Den'tist (dgn'tlst), n. One who cares for the
teeth of others ; a dental surgeon. — Den'tist-
ry (-tis-tr^), n. Art or profession of a dentist.

Den-U'tion (dgn-ttsh'un), n. Formation of teeth ;
the process or time of cutting the teeth ; the
system of teeth peculiar to an animal.

De-nude' (de-nud'), v. t. To divest of covering ;
to make naked; to strip. — Den' U- da'tlon
(dgn'u-da'shun or de'nu-), n. A making bare.

De-nun'Ci-ate (de-nun'shT-at), v. t. To denounce.

— De-nun'ci-a'tion (-shT-a'shun or -sT-a'shun),
n. Act of denouncing ; a public menace or ac-
cusation. — De-nun'ci-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — De-
nun'ci-a-to-ry (-shl-a-to-rjf or -sha-t6-ry), a.
Containing denunciation ; accusing.

De-ny' (de-ni'), v. I. [Dendsd (-n)d') ; Denying.]
To contradict ; to refuse ; to reject ; to with-
hold ; to disown ; to abjure. — De-ni'a-ble
(-ni'a- b'l), a. Capable of being denied. — De-
ni'al (-al), n. A denying ; a refusal ; a contra-
diction ; a disavowal. — De-ni'er, n.

&, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 5, u, y, short ; sen&te, $ vent, tdea, obey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

DEOBSTRUENT

111

DEPUTY

DB-OVstrn-ent (de-oVstru-ent), a. Removing
obstructions; aperient. — n. A medicine which
opens the natural passages of the body.

De'O-dand/ (de'6-daud'), n. A thing forfeited to
the state for pious uses.

De-O'dor-ize (de-o'der-Iz), v. t. To deprive of
odor, esp. of bad odor resulting from impurities.

De/on-tol'0-gy (de/on-tol'6-jy), n. Science of
duty.

De-part' (de-part/), v. i. To go forth or away ; to
leave ; to decease ; to die. —v. I. To leave ; to
quit ; to retire from. — De-pai'ture (-piir'tur),
n. A going away ; a removal ; death.

De-part'meilt (de-part'ment), n. A part or por-
tion ; distinct course of life, action, study, etc. ;
a subdivision of business or official duty ; a ter-
ritorial division ; a province; a district. — De7-
part-men'tal (de'part-men'tal), a. Pertainiug
to a department.

De-pend' (de-pgnd'), v. i. To hang ; to rely ; to
trust; to adhere. — De-pend' ent (-ent), De-
pend'ant (-ant), a. Relying ; subordinate, — n.
One sustained by, relying on, or subject to, an-
other ; a retainer. — De - pend ' eat - ly, adv. —
De-pend'ence (-ens), n. Act or state of de-
pending or of being dependent ; reliance ; trust ;
subordination. — De - pend ' en - cy (-en-sy), n.
Dependence ; a territory remote from the state
to which it belongs ; a colony.

De-pict' (de-plkf), De-pic'tuxe (-plk'tur), v. t.
To paint ; to portray ; to describe.

Dep'i-late (dgp'T-lat), v. t. To strip of hair ; to
husk. — De-pil'a-to-ry (de-pil'a-to-ry), a. Hav-
ing power to remove the hair and make bald or
bare. — n. An application for removing hair.

De-plete' (de-plef), v. t. To empty (the vessels
of the human system, by venesection) ; to ex-
haust the strength or resources of. — De-ple'-
tion (-ple'shiin), n. Act of depleting or empty-
ing ; bloodletting. — De-ple'to-ry (-to-ry), a.
Calculated to deplete.

De-plore' (de-plor'), v. t. To lament ; to bewail ;
to bemoan. — De-plor'a-Dle (-plor'a-b'l), a. Lam-
entable ; sad ; pitiable ; grievous ; wretched.

— De-plor'a-bly, adv. — De-plor'a-ble-ness, n.
De-ploy' (de-ploi'), v. t. [Deployed (-ploid') ;

Deploying.] To open ; to extend ; to display (a
column of troops), —v. i. To extend in line.

De-plume' (de-plum'), v. t. To deprive of plumes
or plumage ; to lay bare ; to expose. — Dep'lu-
ma'tion (dgp'lu-ma'shun or dg/plu-), n. Strip-
ping or falling off of plumes or feathers.

De-pone' (de-pon') v. t. & i. To testify under
oath ; to depose. — De-po'nent (de-po'nent), a.
Having a passive form with active meaning ; —
said of certain verbs. — n. One who depose? or
gives a deposition under oath ; a deponent verb.

De-pop'U-late (de-p5p'u-lat), v. t. To deprive of
inhabitants; to dispeople. —v. i. To become
dispeopled. — De-pop'u-la'tor (-pop'u-la'ter), n.

— De-pop'U-la'tion (-pop/fi-la'shun), n. Act of
depopulating ; state of being depopulated.

De-port' (de-port'), v. t. To transport ; to carry
away ; to demean ; to conduct ; to behave. —
De'por-ta'tlon (de/por-ta'shun or der/6r-), n.
Act of deporting ; banishment ; exile ; transpor-
tation. — De - port ' ment (de-port'ment), n.
Manner of deporting or demeaning one's self ;
carriage ; behavior , demeanor ; conduct.

De-pose' (de-poz'), v. t. To dethrone ; to degrade ;
to eject from office ; to testify to ; to aver upon

oath.— v. i. To bear witness. — De-pos'al
(-poz'al), n. Act of deposing ; removal from
office. — De-pos'a-ble, a.

De-pos'it(de-poz'it), v. t. To lay down ; to place ;
to put ; to lay away for safe keeping ; to store. —
n. A thing deposited, laid down, or placed (in
a bank, for safe keeping, etc.). — De-pos'i-tor
(-i-ter), n. — De-pos'i-ta-ry (-I-ta-ry), n. One
with whom any thing is left in trust ; trustee ;
guardian. — De-pos'i-to-ry (-I-to-ry), n. Place
where anything is deposited for safe keeping.

Dep'O-si'tion (dep'o-zish'un or de'po-), n. A de-
posing or depositing ; precipitation ; the setting
aside of a public officer ; displacement ; re-
moval ; thing deposited ; matter thrown down ;
sediment ; testimony under oath or affirmation ;
an affidavit.

De'pot (de'po ; French da-po'), n. A place of
deposit ; a storehouse ; a military station where
stores are kept, or recruits assembled ; a rail-
road station.

De-prave' (de-prav'), v. t. To make bad or worse ;
to corrupt ; to vitiate ; to pollute ; to impair. —
Dep'ra-va'tlon (dep ' ra - va ' shun), n. Act of
corrupting ; the state of being depraved ; cor-
ruption ; profligacy. — De-prav'i-ty (-praVI-ty),
n. Extreme wickedness ; corruption.

Dep're-cate (der/re-kat), v. t. To pray for deliv-
erance from ; to regret deeply. — Dep're-Ca'tor
(dSp're-ka'ter), n.— DepTe-ca-tO-ry (-ka-to-ry),
a. Serving or tending to deprecate. — Dep're-
ca'tlon (-ka'shun), n. Prayer that an evil may
be removed or prevented ; entreaty for pardon.

— Dep're-ca'tive (dgp're-ka/tiv), a. Having
the form of prayer ; deprecatory.

De-pre'ci-ate (de-pre'shl-at), v. t. To lessen in
price ; to undervalue ; to underrate ; to decry ;
to detract, —v. i. To fall in value ; to sink in
estimation. — De-pre'ci-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — De-
pre'cl-a:tO-ry (-shi-a-to-ry or -sha-to-r^), De-
pre'ci-a'tive (-tiv), a. Tending to depreciate.

— De-pre/Ci-a'tion (-shT-a'shun), n. A depreci-
ating ; reduction of worth.

Dep're-date (dep're-dat), v. t. To plunder; to
pillage ; to rob ; to lay waste ; to devour. —
Dep're-da'tlon (dep/re-da'shun), n. A robbing,
despoiling, or plundering. — Dep 're -da ' tor
(dep're-da'ter), n.

De-press' (de-pres'), v. t. [Depressed (-prgsf) ;
Depressing.] To press down ; to humble ; to
embarrass (trade, commerce, etc.) ; to cheapen.
— De-press'or (-er), n. — De-pres'sion (-presh'-
un), n. A reduction ; sinking ; fall ; dejection ;
melancholy. — De-press'ive (-prestv), a. Able
or tending to depress.

De-prive' (de-prlv'), v. t. To take away: to
bereave ; to despoil ; to debar ; to abridge. —
De-priv'a-ble (-priv'a-b'l), a. Liable to be de-
prived, dispossessed, or deposed. — DepM-va'-
tlon (dep'rl-va'shiin), n. Dispossession ; loss ;
want ; oereavement.

Depth (depth), n. Deepness ; profundity ; dark-
ness ; a deep, or the deepest, part or place.

Dep'u-rate (dep'u-rat), v. t. To purify. — Dep'U*
ra'tion (dep'fi-ra'shun), n. Purification.

De-pute' (de-put'), V. t. To appoint as substitute
or agent ; to delegate. — n. A deputy. — Dep'U-
ta'tion (dep'urta'shiin), n. Act of deputing;
a person or persons deputed to act for others.

— Dep'u-tize (dep'u-tlz), v. t. To depute. —
Dep'U-ty (-ty), n. A representative ; an agent.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fob:, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

DERACINATE

112

DESPAIRINGLY

De-rac'i-nate (de-raVI-nat), v. t. To root up;

to extirpate.
De-rail' (de-ial'), v. t. & i. To run off the rails ;

— said of cars, etc. — De-rail'ment, n.
De-range' (de-ranj'), v. t. To put out of order ;

to embarrass ; to unsettle ; to disturb ; to dis-
concert. — De-range'ment (-ment), n. Disor-
der; insanity; contusion; embarrassment.
Der'e-lict (der'e-llkt), a. Forsaken by the
owner ; abandoned ; unfaithful ; lost ; adrift. —
n. A thing abandoned by its owner ; a tract of
land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation.

— Der'e-lic'tion (-llk'shun), n. Abandonment.
De-ride' (de-rid'), v. t. To laugh at with con-
tempt ; to ridicule ; to mock ; to taunt. — De-
rid'ing-ly, adv. By way of derision or mockery.

— De-ri'sion (-rTzh'iin), n. Scorn; mockery;
ridicule. — De-ri'sive (-rl'sTv), a. Expressing,
or characterized by, derision. — De-ri'sive-ly,
adv. — De-ri'SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Derisive.

De-rive7 (de-riv'), v. t. To trace ; to deduce ; to
infer; draw. — v. i. To flow; to have origin;
to proceed. — De-riv'a-ble (-rlv'a-b'l), a. Trans-
missible ; communicable ; inferable. — Der'i-
Va'tion (deri-va'shun), n. Deduction from a
source ; act of tracing origin or descent, as in
grammar or genealogy ; a derivative. — De-riV-
a-tive (de-ri v'a-ti v), a. Obtained by derivation ;
derived ; secondary, — «. That which is derived.

— De-riv'a-tive-ly, adv.

Derm (derm ), n. The covering of an animal ; skin.

— Derm'al (der'mal), a. Pertaining to the
skin. — Der'ma-tol'O-gy (der'nia-tol'6-jy), n.
Science of the bkin, and its diseases.

UDer'nier' (dar'nya' or der'm-er), a. Last ; final ;
ultimate.

Der'O-gate (der'S-gat), v. t. & i. To take away ;
to detract. — (-gat), a. Diminished in value;
damaged.— Der'O-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. Dispar-
agement; detraction; depreciation.— De-rog'a-
to-ry (de-rog'a-to'-ry), a. Detracting; injurious.

Der'rick (der'rTk), n. A mast or machine for
raising heavy weights.

Der'vish (der'vTsh), Der'vise
(-vis), Der'vis (-vis), n. A Turk-
ish or Persian monk.

Des'cant (des'k£nt), n. A variation
of an air ; a song in parts ; soprano
or treble; comment. — Des-cant'
(des-kantf), v. i. To sing a varia-
tion or accompaniment ; to com-
ment ; to expatiate.

De-SC8nd' (de-send'), v. i. & i. To
go or come down. — De-scend'-
ar.t (-ant), n. One who descends ; offspring. —
De-SCend'ent (-€nt), a. Descending ; proceed-
ing from an ancestor or source. — De-scend'i-
ble (-T-b'l), a. Admitting descent; capable of
being transmitted by inheritance. — De-scen'-
Sioii (-sgn'shun), n. A going downward ; de-
scent ; degradation. — De-scent' ( de-sSnt' ), n.
A descending ; progress downward ; sudden at-
tack ; derivation ; lineage ; birth ; slope.

De-SCribe' (de-skrib'), v. t. To represent by words
or other signs ; to set forth ; to sketch ; to re-
late ; to express; to explain.— De-scrib'a-ble, a.
Capable of description.— De-scrip'tion (-skrlp'-
shun), n. A describing; account; class; sort.

— De-scrip'tive (-tiv), a. Affording descrip-
tion. — De-scrip'tive-ly, adv.

De-scry' (dS-skri'), V. t. [Descried (dc-skrid') ;

Derrick.

Descrying.] To discover (distant objects) ; to
behold; to detect; to discern. — De-scri'er, n.

Des'e-crate (des'e-krat), v. t. To pervert from a
sacred purpose ; to profane. — Des'e-cra'iion
(-kra'shun), n. A desecrating ; sacrilege.

De-sert' (de-zerf), v. t. To part from ; to aban-
don ; to forsake ; to quit. — v. i. To run away.
— De-sert'er (-zerfer), n. — De-ser'tion (-zer'-
shiin), n. Abandonment.

Des'ert (dez'ert), n. A deserted or forsaken re-
gion ; wilderness ; solitude. — a. Forsaken ;
unproductive ; barren ; waste ; desolate.

De-sert' (de-zerf), n. That which is deserved ;
merit ; worth ; due.

De-serve' (de-zerv'), v. t. [Deserved (-zervd') ;
Deserving.] To earn by service ; to merit ; to
be entitled to. — v. i. To be worthy of recom-
pense.— De-serv'ed-ly (-zerv'ed-ly), adv. Ac-
cording to desert; justly. — De-serv'ing, n.
Desert; merit. — a. Meritorious; worthy. —
De-serv'ing-ly, adv.

Des'ha-biUe' (daz'a-bel'), n. An undress ; care-
less toilet.

Des'iC-cate (deslk-kat or de-sikniat), v. t. & i. To
dry up. — De-Sic'cant (-slk'kont), a. Drying.
•— n. A medicine or preparation for drying a
sore. — Des'iC-ca'tion (-ka'chun), n. Act of
desiccating ; state of being desiccated. — De-
SiC'ca-tive (de-sTk'ka-tiv),, a. Drying. — n.
An application for drying up secretions.

De-sid'er-ate (de-sld'er-at), v. t. To feel need of ;
to want; to desire.— De-sid'er-a-tive (-a-tiv),a.
Expressing or denoting desire. — n. An object
of desire.— ||De-sid'e-ra'tum (-std'e-ra'tum),
n. A thing desired ; a want generally felt.

De-Sign' (de-zln' or -sin'), v. t. [Designed (-zind'
or -sind') ; Designing.] To sketch ; to draw ;
to plan; to project; to mean. —v. i. To have
a purpose; to intend, — n. A purpose; an in-
tention ; a plan ; a sketch. — De-sign'er, n. —
De-Sign'ed-ly (-ed-ly), adv. By design; pur-
posely.— De-Sign'ing, a. Artful; scheming;
insidious.

Des'ig-nate (dgsTg-nat), v. t. To point out ; to
indicate ; to name ; to style ; to describe. —
Des'ig-na'tor (-na'ter), n. — Des'ig-na'tion
(-na'shun), n. A designating or pointing out ;
an appointment ; a title ; an appellation.

De-sire' (de-zir'), v. t. [Desired (-zird') ; Desir-
ing.] To long for ; to covet ; to ask ; to entreat ;
to request, — n. A wish to obtain something ;
request ; petition ; object sought ; eagerness ;
longing. — De-sir'a-ble (-zlr'a-b'l), a. Worthy
of desire; pleasing; agreeable. — De-sir'a-ble-
ness, n.— De-sir'a-bly, adv. — De-sir'ous (us),
a. Desiring ; solicitous ; covetous ; eager.

De-sist' (de-zisf or -sist'), V. i. To cease ; to
stop ; to forbear. — De-sist'ance (-cms), n.
Stop; cessation.

Desk (dSsk), n. A slanting table for writing on ;
a pulpit.

Des'O-late (dSs'6-lat), a. Destitute of inhabit-
ants; lonely; waste; solitary. — (-lat), v. t. To
lay waste ; to ruin. — Des ' 0 - late - ly, adv. —
Des'o-la'ter (-later), n. — Deso-la'tion (-la'-
shun), n. A desolating or state of being desola-
ted ; ruin ; havoc ; sadness ; destitution ; gloom.

De-spair' (de-spSr'), v. i. [Despaired (-spfird') j
Despairing.] To be without hope ; to give up
expectation; to despond. — n. Desperation,
hopelessness. — De-spair'ing-ly, adv.

&,e,I, o, u, lung , a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, ©vent, idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

DESPATCH

113

DETONATION

De-spatch' (de-spach')_ v. & n. See Dispatch. I

Des per-a'do (deVper-a'do), n. A desperate tel-
lou ; a madman : a ruffian.

Des'per-ate (des'per-at), a. Beyond hope : past
cure; rash; headlong; forlorn: furious: frau-
tic. — Des'per-ate-ly, adv. — Des'per-ate-ness.
n. — Des'per-a'tion (-a'shun), «. A despairing ;
hopelessness ; recklessness.

Des'pi-ca-ble (deVpI-ka-b'l), a. Fit to be de-
spised ; contemptible; vile; pitiful; paltry;!
low; base. — Des'pi-ca-ble-ness, n. — Des'pi-
ca-bly, adv.

De-spise' ( le-spiz'), v. t. [Despised (-splzd') ;
Despising.] To look upon with contempt ;
to scorn ; to disdain ; to undervalue.

D6-spite' (de-splf), "• Malice ; malignity ; spite ;
detiauce. —prep. In spite of; notwithstand-
ing.— De-Spite'ful (-ful), a. Malicious; ma-
lignant. — De-spite'iul-ly, adv.

De-spoil' (de-spoil'), v. t. To spoil ; to strip : to
rob ; to bere.ivp._- De-spoil'er, n. — De-spo -
li-a'tion (-spo'lT-a'shun), n. Act of despoiling ;
state of being despoiled.

De-spond' (de-spond'), v. i. To give up ; to aban-
don hope ; to become dispirited or depressed. —
De-spond'ent, a. Hopeless; low-spirited. —
De-spond' ent-ly, De-spond'ing-ly, adv. — De-
spond'ence (-ens), De-spond'en-cy (-en-sy), n.
State of desponding ; dejection.

Des'pot (des'pot), n. An absolute prince ; a ty-
rant. — Des-pofic (-pot/Ik), Des-pot'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Absolute in power ; tyrannical ; arbi-
trary. — Des-pot'ic-al-ly, adv.'— Des'po-tism
(des'po-tiz'm), n. Power, spirit, or principles
of a despot ; tyranny ; a government directed
by a despot.

Des'pu-mate (des'pu-mat or de-spu'-), v. i. To
throw off impurities ; to form scum ; to foam.
— Des'pu-ma'tion (-ma'shun), n. Foam ; scum ;
clarification.

Des'qua-ma'tion (deVkwa-roa'shun or de'skwa-),
n. Separation of tlie cuticle or epidermis in I
flakes or scales ; exfoliation.

Des-sert' (dez-zerf), n. A service of pastry,
fruits, etc., after dinner.

Des'tine (deVtin), v. t. [Destined (-tTnd) ; Des-
tining.] To determine the future condition of ;
to fix ; to doom ; to decree ; to ordain ; to bind.

— Des'ti-na'tion (-tl-na'shun), n. Act of des-
tining or appointing ; predetermined end ; place
or point aimed at.

Des'tl-ny (des'tT-iiy), n. Predetermined state;

fate ; doom. — Des'ti-nist. n. A fatalist.
Des'ti-tute (des'il-tiit). n. In want; needy; poor.

— Des'ti-tU'tion (-tu'shfin), n. Utter want.
De-Stroy' (de-stroi'), v. t. [Desteoyed (-stroid') ;

Destroying.] To pull down; to break up the
structure of ; to demolish ; to ruin ; to annihi-
late ; to kill. — De-stroy'er. n.

De-stniC'tion (. de - struk ' shun ), n. A destroy-
ing ; overthrow ; havoc : ruin. — De-StruC'ti-ble
(-tT-b'l), a. Liable to destruction. — De-Strnc'-
ti-bil'i-ty (-bilT-ty), De-struc'ti-ble-ness, n.
— De-Stnic'tive (-struk'tlv), a. Causing de-
struction ; deadly ; ruiuous ; mischievous. — n.
One who destroys ; a radical reformer. — De-
strac'tive-ly, adv. — De-strnc'tive-ness. n.

Des'ue-tnde (deVwe-tud), n. Disuse ; discontin-
uance.

Des'ul-tO-ry (deVul-to-r^), a. Leaping from one
subject to another ; disconnected ; loose.

De-tach' (de-tach'), v. t. [Detached (-tachf);
Detaching.] To separate ; to disunite ; to dis-
engage ; to withdraw ; to draw off. — De-tach'-
ment (-ment), n. A separating; a thing de-
tached : a body of troops or part of a fleet
detailed for special service.

De'tail (de'tal or de-tal'), n. A minute por-
tion ; a particular ; a narrative which relates
minute points; the selection of a person or com-
pany for special service. — De-tail' (de-tal'), v. t.
To relate in particulars ; to report minutely ;
to specify ; to appoint for a particular service.

De-tain' (de-tan'), r. t. To keep back or from ;
to restrain ; to stop ; to arrest ; to check ; to
hinder. —De-tain'er, n.

De-tect' (de-tekt'), v. t. To uncover; to find out;
to discover ; to expose. — De-teet'er (-tgki'er),
De-tect'or, n.— De-tec'tion (-tek'shun), n. A
detecting; discover)-. — De-tect'ive (-tekt'iv),
c Fitted for, skilled in, or employed in, de-
tecting, —n. A policeman employed to detect
rogues.

De-tent' (de-tent'), n. That which locks or un-
locks a movement in machinery ; a catch con-
trolling wheelwork in the striking part of a
clock. — De-ten'tion (.-ten'shun>. n. Act of de-
taining ; confinement ; restraint ; delay.

De-ter' (de-ter'). v. t. [Deterred (-terd') ; Deteb-
ring.] To prevent by fear ; to hinder. — De-
terment, n. Hindrance. — De-ter'rent (-ter'-
rent or -ter'rent), a. Serving to deter. — n.
That which deters.

De-terge' (de-terj'), v. t. [Deterged (-terjd') ;
Deterging.] To cleanse. — De-ter'gent (-ter'-
jgut), a. Cleansing; purging.—?/. A medi-
cine that cleanses the vessels or skin. — De-ter'-
Sion (-ter'shun), n. A cleansing. — De-ter'sive
(-siv), a. Detergent.

De-te'ri-O-rate ( le-te'rT-o-rat), v. t.&i. To make
or become worse. — De-te/ri-0-ra'tion (-ra'-
shuu), n. A growing worse.

De-ter'ment. n. See under Deter, v. t.

De-ter'mine (de-ter'min), v. t. & i. To end ; to
decide ; to resolve. — De-ter'mined (-mind), a.
Resolute ; decided. — De-ter'min-ed-ly (-inTn-
ed-ly or -raTnd-ly), adv. — De-ter'mi-na-ble
(-mT-na-b'l), a. Capable of being determined. —
De-ter'mi-nant (-nont), n. That which serves
to determine. — De-ter'mi-nate (-mT-nit), a.
Having defined limits ; fixed ; decisive : positive.
— De-ter'mi-nate-ly, adv. — De-ter'mi-na'tion
(-na'shiin), n. A termination ; a decision ; a
resolution. — De-ter'mi-na-tive (-lnT-na-tTv), a.
Having power to determine ; shaping ; direct-
ing : conclusive.

De-ter'rent, n. See under Deter, v. t.

De-ter'sion. etc. See under Deterge, v. t.

De-test' (de-tesf), v. t. To hate extremely; to
abhor ; to abominate ; to loathe. — De - test ' a -
Die, a. Abominable ; odious. — De-test'a-bly,
adv.— Det'es-ta'tion (det'es-ta'shiin or de'tes-),
n. A detesting; abhorrence; loathing.

De-throne7 (de-thron'), v. t. To remove or drive
from a throne ; to depose. — De-tnrone'ment,
n. Removal from a throne ; deposition.

Det'i-nne (detT-nu), n. A person or thing de-
tained ; a legal action to recover what is wrong-
fully detained.

Det'o-nate (det'o-nat). Det'o-nize (-nlz), v. i. & t.
To explode. — Det'O-na'tion (-na'shun), n. An
explosion ; a discharge ; a report.

fern, recent, dro, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, ung, ink, then, thin.

DETORT

114

DIURESIS

DO-tOrt' (de-t6rt'), v. t. To turn from the plain
meaning ; to pervert ; to wrest. — De-tor'tion
(-tSr'shun), De-tor'sion, n. Perversion.

De/tOUT'(<ie/to6r'),7i. A turning; circuitous route.

De-tract' (<Je-trakt'), v. t. &i. To slander ; to dis-
parage ; to depreciate. — De-tract'or, n. — De-
tract'O-ry (-to-ry), a. Defamatory ; derogatory.

— De-trac'tion (-trak'shun), n. Depreciation ;
slander ; calumny ; aspersion ; censure.

Det'ri-ment (det'rT-ment), n. Injury ; damage ;

miacliidi ; harm. — Det'ri-men'tal (-nien'tal),

a. Injurious ; hurtful ; prejudicial ; pernicious.
De-tri'tUS (de-tri'tus), n. Substance worn from

solid bodies by attrition. — De-tri'tiOH (-trlsh'-

uu), n. A wearing off or away.
De-trude' (de-trud'.), v. t. To thrust down. — De-

tru'sion (-tru'zhun), n. A thrusting or slipping

down.
De-trun'cate (de-trun'kat), v. t. To lop or cut off.

— De/trun-ca'tiOn~ (tle'trun-ka'shun or dSf-
run-), n. A cutting off.

Deuce (dus), n. Two ; a card or a die with two
spots ; a tie in the game of tennis.

Deuce (dus), n. A demon ; the devil.

Dev'as-tate (d5v'as-tat), v. t. To lay waste ; to
desolate ; to demolish ; to ravage ; to pillage. —
Dev'aS-ta'tlonC-ta'shun),^. Desolation; waste;
havoc ; ruin. — DeVas-ta'tor (-ta'ter), n.

De-vel/op (de-vel'op), v. t. [Developed (-opt) ;
Developing.] To uncover ; to lay open ; to dis-
close ; to exhibit. — v. t. To mature ; to become
apparent gradually. — De-vel'op-ment (-ment),
n. An unfolding ; a disclosure , a detection ;
growth to maturity; evolution.

De-vest' (de-vgst'), V. t &i. To strip.

De'vi-ate (de'vT-at), v. i. To wander ; to digress ;
to depart; to deflect; to err. — De' vi-a'tion
(-a'shun), n. A deviating ; variation ; error.

De-vice7 (de-vis'), n. Scheme ; design ; contriv-
ance ; invention ; a stratagem.

Dev'il (deV'l), n. The evil one ; Satan ; an evil
spirit ; a false god ; a printer's apprentice ; a
dish broiled with pepper ; a machine for tearing
rags. — v. t. [Deviled (-'Id) or Devilled ; Dev-
iling (-'1-Tng) or Devdlling.] To torment ; to
grill with pepper ; to cut up (cloth, rags, etc.).

— Dev'il-ish (-Tsh), a. Diabolical ; infernal ;
hellish ; malicious ; destructive. — Dev'il-ish-
ly, adv. — Dev'il-try (-try), n. Mischief. —
Dev'il-fish', n. A huge ray of the Gulf of Mex-
ico and southern Atlantic coasts ; the octopus ;

Devilfish. Octopus

the Pacific gray whale ; the goosefish or angler.
— Dev'il's darn'iug-nee'dle. A dragonfly.

De'vi-OUS (de'vl-us), a. Out of a straight line ;
erring ; vagrant. — De'vi-OUS-ly, adv.

De-vise7 (de-viz'), v. t. [Devised (-vizd') ; Devis-
ing.] To form in the mind ; to plan ; to invent ;
to scheme ; to give by will ; to bequeath. — v. i.
To plan ; to contrive. — n. A will ; property de-
vised. — De-Vis'a-ble (-viz'a-b'l), a. Capable of
being devised, invented, or bequeathed. — DeV-
i-see' (deVT-ze'), n. One to whom anything is
bequeathed. — De-Vis'er (de-vlz'er), n. One
who devises ; an inventor. — De-vis'or (-er or
-6*r), n. One who devises real estate by will.

De-VOid' (de-void'), a. Destitute ; empty.

ilDe-VOir' (de-vw6r' or de-vwar'), n. Duty ; ser-
vice owed ; act of civility ; compliment.

De-VOlve' (de-volv'), v. t. & i. [Devolved
(-volvd') ; Devolving.] To roll onward or down-
ward ; to transfer or be transferred.

De-VOte' (de-vof), v. t. To appropriate by vow ;
to dedicate; to resign; to apply; to doom. —
De-VOt'ed, a. Zealous ; attached. — De-vot'ed-
ness, n.— DeVO-tee' (deV6-te'), n. One wholly
devoted, esp. to religious duties and ceremo-
nies ; a bigot.— De-VO'tiOU (de-vo'shun), n. A
devoting ; affection ; act of devotedness or de-
voutness ; object of affection. — De-VO'tion-al,
a. Pertaining, or suited to, devotion.

De-vour' (de-vour'), v. t. [Devoured (-vourd') ;
Devouring.] To eat up ravenously ; to appro-
priate greedily ; to consume ; to waste ; to de-
stroy.

De-VOUt' (de-vouf), a. Absorbed in devotion or
piety ; pure ; earnest ; solemn. — De-VOUt'ly,
adv. — De-VOUt'uess, n.

Dew (du), n. Moisture from the atmosphere, de-
posited at night. — v . I. To wet with dew ; to
bedew. — Dew'y (du'y), a. Pertaining to, or
moist with, dew. — Dew'drop7, n. A drop of
dew. — Dewlap' (dulap'), n. Flesh under the
throat of oxen, which laps or licks the dew as
they graze.

Dex'ter (deks'ter), Dex'tral (-tral), a. Right, as
opposed to sinister or left ; on the right hand.
— Dex-ter'i-ty (-tSr'T-ty), n. Skill ; adroitness;
expertness; tact; faculty.— Dex'ter-OUS (deW-
ter-us), Dex'tTOUS (-trus), a. Adroit ; skillful;
clever; ready; apt; handy; versed. — Dex'ter-
OUS-ly, adv.

Dey (da), n. Former title of the governor of
Algiers.

Di'a-'be'tes (di'a-be'tez), n. A disease attended
with excessive discharge of urine. — Di'a-bet'ic
(-bgt'Ik), Di/a-bet'ic-al (-I-kal), a. Pertaining
to, or afflicted with, diabetes.

Di'a-BOl'iC (di'a-bSl'Ik), Di a-Bol'ic-al (-T-kal). a.
Pertaining to the devil ; infernal ; atrocious ;
nefarious. — Di'a-bol'ic-al-ly, adv.

Di-ac'O-nal (dt-5k'6-nal), a. Pertaining to a dea-
con. — Di-ac'o-nate (-nat), n. The office of a
deacon; deaconship.

Di'a-COUS'tiC (di'a-kous'tTk or -koos'tTk), a. Per-
taining to diacoustics. — Di a-cous'tics, n. Sci-
ence of sound refracted by passing through dif-
ferent mediums.

Di/a-crit'ic (di'a-krT t'Tk), Di'a-crit'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Separating ; distinguishing ; — said of marks
distinguishing letters of like form or different
sounds of the same letter.

Di'a-dem (dl'a-dgm), n. An ornamental fillet;
a crown.

Di-aer'e-sis (dt-gr'e-sTs), Di-er'e-sis, n. A mark

a, 6, 1, 5, a, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, a, y, short ; senate, «vent, Idea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PIAGNOSIS

115

DIFFUSE

Diagonal.

[••] over the second of two adjacent vowels,

showing that they are pronounced separately.
Di'ag-no'sis (di'Sg-no'sts), n. The deterrnina-

tion of a disease by its symptoms.
Di-ag'0-nal (di-Sg'o-nal), a. Passing from one

angle to another not adjacent.

— n. A diagonal line. — Di-

ag'o-nal-ly, adv.

Di'a-gram ( di ' a grSm ), n. A
mathematical outline, figure,
or drawing.

Dl'al (di'al), n. A graduated plate showing the
time of day by the shadow of the sun or hands
of a timepiece. — v. t. [Dialed (-aid) or Di-
alled ; Dialing or Dialling.] To measure or
survey with a dial. — Di'al-ing, n. The art of
constructing dials ; the science of measuring
time, or method of surveying, by use of dials.

Di'a-lect ( di ' a -' 18kt ), n. Means of expressing
thoughts • language ; idiom ; speech. — Di/a-
iec'tic (-lgk'tik), Di'a-lec'tic-al (-tT-kal), a.
Pertaining to a dialect, also to dialectics ; log-
ical ; argumental. — Di'a-lec'tlcs (-lek'tlks), n.
Logic. — Di'a-lec-ti'cian (-lSk-tlsh'an), n. A
logician ; a reasoner.

Di'a-logue (di'a-15g), n. Conversation between
two or more.

Di-am/e-ter (d i-5m'e-ter), n. A right
line through the center of a circle, (_
etc., dividing it into two eqi
parts. — Di'a-met'ric (di'a-mgt'-
rik), Di'a-met'ric-al (-rT-kal), a.
Belongiug to a diameter ; directly
adverse. — Di'a-met'ric-al-ly, adv.

Di'a-mond (di'a-niund or di'mund), n. A gem or
precious stone, extremely hard and bril
liant ; a geometrical figure otherwise called
rhombus or lozenge ; a playing card
iug the figure of a diamond ; a very small
kind of type. ^nd"

B3- This line is printed in the type called Diamond.

Dl'a-pa'SOn (dl'a-pa'zon or -son), n. An octave
in music ; harmony ; a stop in an orgau.

i)i/a-per (dl'a-per), n. Figured linen cloth for
towels, napkins, etc. ; an infant's breechcloth.
—v. /. To ornament (cloth, etc.) with figures ;
to put a diaper on (a chili).

Dl-aph'a-nous (d t - 5f ' a - nus), a. Transparent ;
clear.

Di'a-pllO-ret'lC (di'a-fo-rgtTk), a. Promoting per-
spiration ; sudorific. — n. Medicine to promote
perspiration.

Di'a-phragm (di'i-frSm), n. A muscle separating
the chest from the abdomen ; the midriff ; a thin
partition.

Di'a-riSt (di'a-rlst), n. One who keeps a diary.

Di/ar-rlie'a (di'ar-re'a), Di/ar-rlice'a, n. A mor-
bidly frequent evacuation of the intestines. —
Di'ar-rhet'ic (-rgtTk), Di'ar-rlicet'ic, a. Pro-
ducing diarrhea ; purging.

Dl'a-ry (di'a-r^), n. A register of daily events.

Di/a-ton/iC (di'a-tonlk), a. Proceeding from
tone to tone ; pertaining to the musical
scale ofeight tones, the eighth of which
is the octave of the first.

Di/a- tribe (di'a-trib), n. A continued
discourse ; an invective.

DiVble (diVb'l), n. A tool to make holes
for planting seeds, etc. — v. t. To plant
with a dibble ; to make holes for plant-
ing. — v. i. To dip, as in angling.

Diameter.

1 bril- a

called /\

bear- \ /

mall V

Dibble.

Dice (dls), »., pi. of Die. Small cubes, with
numbered sides ; a game played
with them. — v. I. To play with
dice. — v. i.„ To ornament with
dice. — Di'clng ( di ' sing ), n.
Gambling or ornamenting with
dice. — Di'cer (di'ser), n.

Dick'ens (dik'gnz), n. The devil ;-
vulgar interjection. •

Dick'er (dik'er), n. Chaffering ; exchange of
small wares. — v. i. [Dickeked (-erd) ; Dick-
ering.] To barter. \_U. 5.]

Dick'ey (dlk'y), Dick'y, n. A servant's seat be-
hind a carriage ; a false shirt bosom or collar.

Dictate (dik'tat), v. t. & i. To say or utter
(words, etc.), for another to write out; to de-
liver (commands) with authority ; to prescribe ;
to enjoin. — n. A command ; a rule ; a princi-
ple ; an impulse ; an admonition. — Dic-ta'tion.
(dik-ta'shun), n. Act of dictating or prescribing.
— Dic-ta'tor (-ter), n. One who dictates ; one
invested with absolute authority. — Dic-ta'tor-
Ship, n. The office, or term of office, of a dic-
tator. — DiC'ta-to'ri-al (dik'ta-to'rl-al), a. Ab-
solute ; imperious ; dogmatical ; overbearing.

— Dic'ta-to'ri-al-ly, adv.

DiC'tion (dlk'shun), n. Choice of words ; man-
ner of expression ; style ; phraseology. — Dic'-
tion-a-ry (-shun-a-ry), n. A book in which
words are explained ; a lexicon ; a vocabulary.

HDic'tum (dlk'tum), n. ; pi. L. Dicta (-ta), E.
Dictums (-tumz). An authoritative saying.

Did, imp. of Do, v.

Di-dac'tic (dT-dXk'tik), Di-dac'tic-al (-tT-kal), a.
Fitted or inclined to teach ; suitable for instruc-
tion. — Di-dac'tic-al-ly, adv.

Didst (didst), 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.

Die (di), v. i. [DrED (did) ; Dying.] To lose life ;
to expire ; to vanish.

Die (di), n. A small cube used in gaming [pi.
Dice (dis)] ; a metallic stamp for coining, cut-
ting screws, etc. [pi. Dies (dlz)].

Di-er'e-sis, n. Same as Dleresis.

Di'et (di'gt), n. Habitual food ; victuals ; food
suited to one's state of health. — v. t. & i. [Di-
eted ; Dieting.] To feed; to eat and drink
sparingly, or by rule. — Di'et-a-ry (-a-rjr), a.
Pertaining to diet, or rules of diet. — n. A rule
of diet ; an allowance of food.

Di'et (di'gt), n. A legislative assembly in some
European countries ; a convention ; a council.

Differ (dTFfer), v. i. [Differed (-ferd) ; Differ-
ing. ] To disagree ; to be unlike or discordant ;
to quarrel. — Dil'fer-ent (-ent), a. Unlike ; dis-
tinct. — Dif ' f er - ent - ly, adv. — Dii ' f er - ence
(-ens), n. The act or state of differing ; dissim-
ilarity ; variation ; variety ; disagreement ; dis-
sension ; variance ; dispute ; quarrel ; strife. —
v. L To cause to differ ; to make different ; to
distinguish. — Dif f er-en'tial (-gn'shal), a. Cre-
ating a difference ; discriminating ; special.

Dif'fi-CUlt (difft-kult), a. Hard to do or deal
with ; painful ; perplexed ; laborious ; austere ;
rigid. — Dii ' a - cult - ly, adv. — Dii ' fi - cul - ty
(-kul-t^), n. The state of being difficult; a
perplexity ; distress ; trouble ; trial.

Dif 'fi dent (dif'fT-dent), a. Wanting confidence
in one's self; timid ; reserved. — Dii'fi-dent-ly,
adv. — Dii'fi-dence (-dens), n.

Dii-fuse' (dif-fuz'), v. i. & t. [Diffused (-fuzd') ;
Diffusing.] To expand ; to spread ; to spend;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DIFFUSELY

116

DIP

to waste ; to disperse ; to publish. — (dif-f uV),
a. Widely spread ; copious ; verbose ; prolix. —
Dif-fuse'ly, adv. — Dif-f use'ness, n. — Dif-
fu'si-ble (-lu'zi-b'l), a. Capable of being dif-
fused ; diffusive. —Dif-fU'Sl-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-ty),
Dif-f u'si-ble-ness, n. — Dif-fn'sion (-zhun), n.
A spreading ; dissemination ; dispersion. — Dif-
fusive ( -siv ), a. Spreading widely ; copious.

— Dif-fu'sive-ly, adv. — Dif-f u'sive-ness, n.
Dig (dig), v. t. &i. [Dug (dug) or Digged (digd) ;

Digging.] To turn up with a spade ; to exca-
vate. — Dig'ger (-ger), n.

Di-gest' (di-je.it'), v. t. & i. To arrange methodic-
ally ; to dissolve in the stomach. — Di ' gest
(di'jest), n. A collection of laws ; a compen-
dium ; a summary ; an abridgment. — Di-gest'-
er (-jSat/er), n. — Di-gest'i-ble (-jest'I-b'l), a.
Capable of being digested. — Di - gest ' i - Die -
ness, Di-gest'i-bil'i-ty (-T-bil'T-ty), n. — Di-
gestion (-jes'chun), n. The process of digest-
ing. — Di-gest' ive (-jest'Iv), a. Causing to
digest ; producing or pertaining to digestion.

Dig'it (dTj'Tt), n. A finger ; three fourths of an
inoh ; one of the ten figures, 0, 1, 2, etc. ; a 12th
part of the diameter of the sun or moon. —
Dig'i-tal (-T-tal), a. Pertaining to digits.

Dig'ni-fy (dig'nT-fi), v. t. [Dignified (-fid) ;
Dignifying.] To invest with dignity or honor ;
to give distinction to ; to exalt. — Dig'ni-ty
(-ty), n. Elevation ; honorable rank ; nobility.

— Dig'ni-ta-ry (-ta-ry ), n. One of exalted rank.
Di'graph (di'graf ), n. Two letters expressing one

sound.

Di-gress' (dT-greV), v. i. [Digressed (-grSst') ;
Digressing.] To turn aside, or from, the main
subject ; to deviate ; to wander. — Di-gres'sion
( - grSsh ' fin ), n. Deviation. — Di - gross ' ive
(-greVTv), a. Tending to digress. — Di-gress'-
ive-ly, adv.

Dike (dik), n. A ditch ; bank ; mound of earth.
— v. t. [Ddxed (dikt) ; Diking.] To surround,
protect, or drain by a dike.

Di-lap'i-date (dT-lSp'T-dat), v. t. To bring into
decay or ruin by misuse or neglect — v. i. To
get out of repair ; to go to ruin. — Di-lap i-da'-
tion (-da'shun), n. Waste; ruin.

Di-late/ (dT-laf or dl-lat'). v. t. & i. To expand ;
to enlarge; to swell. — Di-lat'a-ble (-la'ta-b'l),
a. Capable of expansion. — Dil' a-ta'tion (dTl'-
a-ta'shfin), Di-la'tion (dT-la'shfin or di-), n.
Expansion. — Di-lat'er (-er), or Di-lat'or, n.

Dil'a-tO-ry (dil'a-to-r^), a. Inclined to procras-
tinate ; slow ; sluggish ; tardy. — Dil'a-tO-ri-ly
(-rT-iy), adv. — Dil'a-to-ri-ness, n.

Di-lem/ma (dT-lSm'ma or di-), n. A perplexing
state or alternative ; a difficult choice.

Dil'et-tant' (dTl'et-tant/), a. Amateur. — (dTP-
et-tant'), n. A^dilettante^. — HDil'et-tan'te (dtl'-
6t-tXn'ta or de'lat-tan'ta), n. An admirer of
the fine arts ; an amateur ; one who follows art
without serious purpose, or for amusement only.

Dil'i-gence (dill-jens), n. Quality of being dil-
igent; industry.

HDi'li-gence' (de'le-zhaNs'), n. A French stage-
coach.

Dil'i-gent (dTlT-jent), a. Steady in application
to business ; assiduous ; persevering ; atten-
tive ; careful. — Dil'i-gent-ly, adv.

Dill (dTl), n. An herb, having aromatic seeds.

Dil'ly-daTry (dTll^-dH'ly), v. i. To loiter ; to
trifle ; to waste time.

Dil'U-ent (dil'u-ent), a. Diluting; making thin
or weak by admixture. — n. That which dilutes ;
a medicine for thinning the blood.

Di-lute/ (di-lut/), v. t. & i. To thin, by mixture
with something. — a. Thin; attenuated; re-
duced in strength. — Di-lu'tiOll (-lu'shun), n.
A diluting or being diluted ; a weak liquid.

Di-lu'vi-al (dMu'vi-al), Di-lu'vi-an^an), a.
Pertaining to, or caused by, a deluge. — Di-lU'-
Vi-um (-urn), n. A deposit of loam, sand, peb-
bles, etc., by action of the sea.

Dim (dim), a. [Dimmer; Dimmest.] Not clear;
obscure ; dull. — v. t. [Dimmed (dirad) ; Dim-
ming.] To cloud ; to darken ; to sully.— Dim'ly,
adv. — Dim'ness, n. — Dim'mish, a. Some-
what dim ; indistinct.

Dime (dim), n. An American silver coin, the
tenth of a dollar, worth ten cents.

Di-men'Sion (dT-men'shun), n. Size ; capacity.

Di-mid'i-ate (di-mid'T-at), a. Divided into two
equal parts. — (-at), v. t. To halve.

Di-min'ish (dT-min'Tsh), v. t. & i. [Diminished
(-isht) ; Diminishing.] To decrease ; to lessen ;
to reduce. — Di-min'ish -a- ble (-a-b'l), a. —
Dim-'i-nu'tion (dinvr-nu'shuu), n. A making or
growing smaller ; decrease ; decay ; abasement.
— Di-min'U-tive (di-min'u-tiv), a. Of small
size; minute; little. — n. A noun, denoting a
small or a young object of the same kind with
that denoted by some other noun. — Di-min/tt-
tive-ly, adv. — Di-min'u-tive-ness, n.

Dim'is-so-ry (dTm'is-s6-ry), a. Sending away;
dismissing to another jurisdiction.

Dim'i-ty (dimT-ty), n. A cotton cloth, plain or
twilled.

Dim'ly, Dim'mish, etc. See under Dim, a.

Dim'ple (dlm'p'l), n. A slight depression, esp.
on the cheek or chin. — v. i. & t. [Dimpled
(-p'ld) ; Dimpling.] To form (dimples).

Din (din), n. A loud noise ; a racket ; a clamor.
—v. t. [Dinned (dind) ; Dinning.] To strike
with confused sound ; to stun with noise.

Dine (din), v. i. [Dined (dind); Dining.] To
eat dinner. — v. t. To give a dinner to.

Ding (ding), v. i. [Dinged (dlngd) ; Dinging.]
To sound, as a bell ; to ring ; to tinkle. — n.
Stroke of a bell. — Ding'dong' (ding'dong'), n.
Sound of bells ; a repeated monotonous sound.

Din'gey (dln'gy), Din'gy, Din'ghy, n. An East
India boat ; a ship's smallest boat.

Din'gle (dTn'g'l), n. A valley between hills.

Din'gy (dln'jy), a. Soiled; of a dusky color;
dun. — Din'gL-ness, n.

Din'ner (dln'ner), n. The principal meal of the
day ; a feast.

Dint (dint), 7i. A mark left by a blow ; a dent. —
v. t. To make a small cavity on, by a blow or
by pressure.

Di'o-cese (di'6-ses), n. District in which a bishop
exercises ecclesiastical authority. — Di-OC'e-san
(dt-os'e-san or di'6-se'san), a. Pertaining to a
diocese. —n. A bishop.

Di-op'tric (dt-5p'trlk), Di-op'tric-al (-trl-kal), a.
Assisting vision by refraction of light ; relating
to dioptrics. — Di-op'triCS, n. The science of
the refraction of light.

Di'0-ra'ma (di'o-ra'ma or -ra'ma), n. An exhi-
bition of a painting seen from a distance through
a large opening.

Dip (dip), v. t. [Dd?ped (dipt) or Dd?t ; Dipping.]
To plunge; to immerse. — v. i. To immerse

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DIPHTHERIA

117

DISBELIEVE

one's self ; to penetrate ; to enter slightly ; to
incline downward. — n. The action of dipping
or plunging ; slope ; pitch ; a dipped caudle,
— made by dipping a wick in melted tallow. —
Dip'per, n. One who, or that which, dips ; a
ladle for 'lipping water ; a diving bird.

Diph-the'ri-a (dlf-the'rT-a or dip-), n. An epi-
demic dise.ise in which the throat becomes
coated with a false membrane. — Dipb-the'ri-
al (-rl-«l), Diph-tner'ic (-thgr'Tk), Diph'the-
lit'ic (-the-nt'Tk), a. Pertaining to, or resem-
bling, diphtheria.

Diph'tiong (dTi'thong or dip7-), n. Union of
two vowels in one sound or syllable. — Diph-
thon'gal (dif-thon'gal or dip-), a. Belonging
to, or consisting of, a diphthong.

Di-plo'ma (dT-plo'ma), n. A writing conferring
some authority, privilege, or honor ; a record
of a literary degree. —Di-plO'ma-cy (-mi-sjl),
n. The art of conducting negotiations between
nations ; dexterity ; skill ; tact. — Dip'lo-mat
(dtp ' 16 - mat), Dip'lO-mate (-mat), n. One
skilled in diplomacy ; a diplomatist. — Diplo-
matic (-mat'Ik), Dip'lo-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to a diploma, to diplomacy, or to
diplomatics. — Dip'lO-mat'iCS, n. The science
of diplomas, or art of reading ancient writings,
etc. ; paleography. — Di-plo'ma-tist (dl-plo'ma-
tlst), n. One skilled in diplomacy.

Dip'per (dip'per), n. See under Dip, v. t.

Dip so-ma'ni-a (dTr/so-ma'nT-a), n. A morbid
craving for intoxicating drink. — Dip/SO-ma'-
ni-ac (-ak), n. One thus afflicted ; an inebriate.

Dire (dir), a. Dreadful ; horrible ; terrible. —
Dire/ly, adv. — Dire'ness, n. — Dire'ful (-f ul),
a. Dire ; calamitous. — Diie'lUl-ly, adv. —
Dire'ful ness, n.

Di-rect' (dT-rgkf), a. Straight ; sincere ; right ;
immediate; absolute. — v. t. & i. To aim; to
guide ; to lead ; to conduct ; to dispose ; to or-
der ; to command. — Di - rect ' ly, adv. — Di-
rect'ness, n. — Di-rect'ive (-Tv), a. Able or

tending to direct, guide, or govern. — Di-rect'-
er, Di-rect'or (-er), n. One who directs or
governs ; a superintendent. — Di - reef 0 - rate
(-6-rat), Di-rect'or-ship, n. The office of a di-
rector; a body of directors. — Di-rect'O-ry
(-6-ry), a. Tending to direct ; containing direc-
tions. — n. A collection of directions or rules ;
a guide book ; a book giving names and resi-
dences of the inhabitants of a place ; a body of di-
rectors. — Di-rect'ress (-re's), n. A woman who
directs or manages. — Di-rec-tO'ri-al (-rek-to'- j
rT-al), a. Serving for direction ; pertaining to a |
director or directory. — Di-rec'tion (-rek'shiin),
n. A directing, aiming, or ordering ; guidance ;
superintendence ; oversight ; control ; address i
of one to whom anything is sent ; body of per-
sons charged with managing any affair. — Di-
rective (-tiv), a. Informing ; showing the way.

Dire'ful (dfr'ful), etc. See under Dire, a.

Dirge (derj), n. A funeral song.

Dirk (derk), n. A kind of dagger, — v. t. To stab.

Dirt (dert), n. Foul or filthy substance ; earth ;
mud; mire. — v. t. To make filthy. — Dirt'y
(der'ty), a. [Dirtier ; Dirtiest.] Defiled with
dirt : base ; filthy ; foul. — v. t. To foul ; fc>
make filthy ; to soil ; to tarnish ; to sully. — I
Dirt'i-ly, adv. Foully ; nastilv. — Dirt'i-ness, n. \

Dis-a'ble (dis-a'b'l), v. t. [Disabled (-b'ld) ;
Disabling (-bling).] To render unable ; to i

deprive of power ; to disqualify : to incapacitate.

— Disa-bil'i-ty (dls'a-bTl'T-ty), n. Want of
power or qualification ; inability.

Dis'a-buse' (dTs'a-buz'), v. t. To undeceive ; to
set right.

Dis'ac-cus'tom (dis'ak-kus'tum), ?•. /. To render
unaccustomed.

Dis'ad-van'tage (dTs'Sd-van'taj), ??. Loss; det-
riment ; hurt ; damage. — Dis-ad'van-ta'geous
(dTs-ad'vrcn-ta'jiis), a. Inconvenient ; prejudi-
cial ; detrimental. — Dis-ad'van-ta'geous-ly,
adv. — Dis-ad'van-ta'geous-ness, n.

Dis'af-fect' (dTs'Sf-fekt'), v. t. To make less
friendly; to alienate ; to disorder. — Dis af-
f ec'tion (-fek'shun), n. Dislike ; disgust ; ill
will ; disloyalty ; hostility.

Dis'af-firm' (dTs'Sf-ferm'), r. t. To deny ; to con-
tradict ; to annul.

Dis'a-gree' (dTs'a-gre'), v. i. [Disagreed ,.
(-gred') ; Disagreeing.] To fail to accord; to
fail to agree ; to differ ; to vary ; to dissent.

— Dis'a-gree'a-ble (-gre'a-b'l), a. Contrary ;
unsuitable ; offensive ; displeasing. — Dis a-
gree'a-ble-ness, n. — Dis'a-gree-a'bly, adv.

— Dis'a-gree'ment (-ment), n. Difference;
discrepancy; dissent; jar; wrangle; discord.

Dis'al-loW (dTs'al-lou'), v. t. To refuse to allow
or sanction ; to reject ; to condemn. — v. i.
To refuse permission.— Dis'al-lOW'ance (-ans),
n. Disapprobation ; censure ; rejection.

Dis-ail'i-mate (dis-5n'i-mat), v. t. To deprive of
spirit ; to dishearten ; to deject.

Dis'an-nul' (dis'an-nul'), v. t. To annul ; to nul-
lify.

Dis'ap-pear' (dls'Sp-per'), v. i. [Disappeared
(-perd'); Disappearing.] To vanish from
sight; to cease to be. — Dis' ap - pear ' ance
(-per'ans), n. Act of disappearing ; vanishing.

Dis'ap-point' (dis'ap-point'), v. t. To defeat of
expectation or hope ; to fail ; to frustrate ; to
balk; to delude; to defeat. — Dis' ap- point' -
ment (-ment), n. Defeat or failure of expec-
tation ; frustration ; balk.

Dis'ap-prove' (dis'ap-prodv'), v. t. [Disapproved
(-probvd') ; Disapproving.] To censure ; to dis-
allow. — Dis'ap-prov'al (-proov'al), Dis-ap7-
pro-ba'tlon (-ar/pro-ba'shun), n. Act of disap-
proving ; dislike.— Dis'ap-prov'ing-ly, adv.

Dis-arm' (dis-'arm' or dlz-), v. t. To deprive of
arms or of means or disposition to harm. —
Dis-ann/a-ment (-a-ment), n. A disarming.

DiS'ar-railge' (dis'Sr-ranj'), v. t. To put out of
order. — DiS' ar-range'ment (-ment), n. Con-
fusion ; disorder.

Dis ' ar - ray ' (dls'ar-ra'), v. t. [Disarrayed i
(-rad') ; Disarraying.] To throw into disor-
der ; to undress ; to unrobe. — n. A want of
order ; confusion ; undress ; dishabille.

Dis-as'ter (diz-as'ter), n. An unfortunate event ;
calamity; mishap; mischance. — Dis-as'trous
(-trus), a. Unfortunate ; calamitous. — DiS-
as'trous-ly, adv.

Dis' a- vow' ( dls'a-vou'), v. t. [Disavowed
(-voud') ; Disavowing.] To deny knowledge
of ; to disclaim ; to disown ; to disallow. — Dis'-
a-VOW'al (-fld), n. Disclaimer ; denial.

Dis-band' (dis-band'), v. t. & i. To retire from
military service ; to break up organization. —
Dis-baild'ment (-ment), n. • A disbanding.

Dis'be-lief (dis'be-lef), n. A disbelieving ; de-
nial of belief ; error — Dis'be-lieve' (-be-lev'),

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, loot, out, oil, cnair, go, siug* i«ii, tlien, thin.

DISBELIEVER

118

DISCOVERY

v. t. To discredit ; to refuse to credit. — Dis7-
foe-liev'er(dTs/be-lev'ei'),n. An unbeliever ; an
infidel.

DiS-DOW'el (dis-bou'el), v. t. To take out the
intestines of ; to uisembowel ; to eviscerate.

Dis-bur'den (dis-bQr'd'n), v. t. & i. To ease of
a burden ; to unburden ; to relieve.

DiS-burse' (dis-bfirs'), v. I. To pay out ; to ex-
pend. — Dis-burse'ment (-ment), n. Act of
paying out ; money spent.

Disc, n. See Disk.

Dis'cant (distant), n. See Descant, n.

Dls-card' (dis-kard'), v. t. & i. To cast off or
dismiss; to discharge; to reject. — to. Act of
discarding; card discarded.

Dis-cern' (diz-zern'), v. t. & i. [Discerned
( - zernd ' ) ; Discerning.] To perceive ; to dis-
cover ; to penetrate ; to discriminate ; to judge.
— Dis-cern'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. Perceptible ; appa-
rent ; evident ; manifest.— Dis-cem'i-ble-ness,
n. — Dis-cern'i-bly, adv. — Dis-cera/ing, a.
Acute ; shrewd ; sagacious. — Dis-cem'ing-ly,
adv. — Dis-ceiD/ment (-ment), n. Judgment;
discrimination ; penetration ; sagacity.

DiS - Charge ' ( dis - charj ' ), v. t. [Discharged
(-charj d') ; Discharging.] To dismiss; to un-
load ; to give forth ; to utter ; to fire. — v. i. To
throw off a charge or burden. — n. Dismissal ;
release ; unloading ; explosion.

Dis-Ci'ple (dis-si'p'l), n. A learner ; a pupil ; an
adherent ; a supporter. — Dis - ci' pie - ship, ».
State of a disciple.

Dis'ci-pline (dis'sT-plTn), n. Treatment suited
to a disciple or learner ; education ; training ;
correction ; chastisement. — v. t. [Disciplined
(-plind) ; Disciplining.] To educate ; to develop
by exercise ; to bring under control ; to correct ;
to chastise; to punish. — Dis'ci- plin- a- hie
(-plin-a-b'l), a. Capable or deserving of being
disciplined. — Dis'ci-plin-a'ri-an (-a'rT-an), a.
Pertaining to discipline or government ; in-
tended for discipline. — n. One who enforces
discipline; a severe trainer. — Dis'ci-plin-a-ry
(-a-ry), a. Disciplinarian.

Dis-claim' (dis-klam'), v. t. & i. Disclaimed
(-klamdO ; Disclaiming.] To disown : to deny ;
to renounce ; to repudiate. — Dis-claim/er, n.
One who disclaims ; an explicit disavowal.

Dis-close' (dis-kloz'), v. t. [Disclosed (-klozd') ;
Disclosing.] To unclose ; to uncover ; to dis-
cover ; to reveal ; to tell ; to utter, — v.i. To
open ; to gape. — Dis-ClO'SUie (-klo'zhfir), n.
Revelation ; exposure.

Dis'coid (dTs'koid), Dis-coid'al (dTs-koid'al), a.
Having the form of a disk.

Dis-col'or (dTs-kQTer), v. t. [Discolored (-erd) ;
Discoloring.] To alter the color of ; to stain ;
to tinge. — Dis-COl/or-a'tion ( - a ' shun ), n. A
change of color ; a stain.

Dis-com'fit (dTs-kiim'f Tt), v. t. [Discomfited ;
Discomfiting.] To scatter in fight ; to discon-
cert ; to overthrow. — n. Rout ; overthrow ;
discomfiture. — Dis-COm/fi-ture (-f T-tur), n. A
discomfiting; defeat; frustration.

Dis-COm'fort (dis-kum'fert), n. Want of com-
fort; uneasiness; inquietude, —v. t. To dis-
turb ; to make uncomfortable.

Dis' com-mode' (dTs'kom-mod'), v. t. To put to
inconvenience ; to incommode ; to annoy.

Dis'COm-pose' (dis'kom-poz'), v. t. To disar-
range ; to unsettle; to disturb; to ruffle ; to fret ;

to vexj to displace. — Dis'com-po'sure (df s'-
kom-po'zhur), n. Disorder ; agitation ; pertur-
bation.

Dis'con-cerV (dTs'kon-serf), v. I. To discom-
pose ; to abash ; to confuse ; to frustrate.

Dis'con-nect' (dTs'kon-nekf), v. t. To dissolve
the union or connection of ; to separate ; to sever.

— Dis'COn-nec'tion (-nek'shiin), n. Separation;
want of union.

Dis-COn'so-late (dis-kon'so-lat), a. Destitute of
comfort or consolation ; dejected ; melancholy.

— Dis-con'so-late-ly, adv. — Dis-con'so-late-
ness, n.

Dis'COn-tent' ( di^kon-tent' ), n. Want of con-
tent ; uneasiness ; dissatisfaction. — v. t. To
make uneasy; to disquiet. — Dis'COn-tent',
Dis'COn-tent'ed (-tent'ed), a. Dissatisfied; mal-
content. — Dis'con-tent'ed-ly, adv. — Dis'con-
tent'ed-ness, n. — Dis'con-tent'ment (-ment),
n. Uneasiness ; inquietude.

Dis'COh-till'ue (dis'k5n-tii/u), v. t. & i. To put
or leave off ; to stop. — Discon-tin'u-ance (-ii-
ans), DiS'COn-till'U-a'tion (-a'shun). n. Ces-
sation ; interruption ; disunion ; disruption. —
DiS'COn-tln'U-OUS (-u-us), a. Not continuous ;
interrupted ; broken up. — Dis-COn'ti-nu'i-ty
(dis-kon'tT-nu'T-ty), n. Separation of parts ;
want of cohesion.

Dis'COld' (dis'kSrd'), n. Want of concord ; va-
riance ; dissension ; strife ; clashing ; disso-
nance. — DiS-COld'ant (dis-kSrd'ant), a. In-
consistent ; disagreeing ; inharmonious ; harsh ;
jarring. — Dis-cord'ant-ly, adv. — Dis-cord'-
ant-ness, Dis-cord'ance (-cms), Dis-cord'an-cy
(-on-sy), n. Discord ; inconsistency.

Dis'COUnt' (dTs'kount' or dTs-kount'), v. t. To de-
duct from an account, debt, charge, etc. ; to
abate ; to lend money upon, deducting the dis-
count or allowance for interest. — v. i. To lend
money, abating the discount. — DiS'COUnt (dYs'-
kount), n. Deduction ; allowance taken off (an
account, debt, price asked, etc.) ; act of dis-
counting. — Dis-count'a-ble (-kount'a-b'l), a.
Suitable to be discounted.

Dis-coun'te-nance (dTs-koun'te-nans), v. t. To
put to shame ; to abash ; to discourage. — n.
Disfavor ; disapprobation.

Dis-cour'age (dTs-kur'aj), v. t. [Discouraged
(-ajd) ; Discouraging (-S-jTng).] To dishearten ;
to dispirit ; to deject ; to dissuade ; to discoun-
tenance. — Dis-cour'age-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capa-
ble of being discouraged. — Dis-COUT'age-ment
(-ment), n. Act of discouraging ; that which dis-
courages ; dejection.

Dis-COUTSe' (dis-kors'), n. Conversation; talk;
sermon ; treatise. — v. i. [Discoursed (-korsf) ;
Discoursing.] To converse ; to talk. — v. t. To
utter ; to give forth.

DiS-COUT'te-OUS (dTs-kfir'te-fis), a. Uncivil ; rude.

— Dis-cour'te-ous-ly, adv. — Dis-cour'te-ous-
ness, DiS-COUT'te-sy (-s^), n. Want of cour-
tesy ; rudeness ; incivility.

Disc'ous (dis'kus), a. Disk-like ; circular, wide,
and flat ; discoid.

Dis-COV'er (dts-kuv'er), v. t. [Discovered (-erd) ;
Discovering. ] To expose to view ; to make
» known ; to disclose ; to exhibit ; to show ; to tell ;
to detect ; to invent. — Dis-COV'er-a-ble (-er-
a-b'l), a. — Dis-cov'er-er (-er-er ), n. - Dis-cov'-
er-y (-er-y), n. A finding out; a making known ;
a revelation ; an invention.

a, ©, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, 6bey , unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DISCREDIT

119

DISHING

Dis-cred'lt ( dts-krgdlt ), n. A want of credit ;
disrepute ; distrust ; reproach. — v. I. To refuse
to credit ; to disbelieve ; to deprive of credibility
or of good repute. — Dis-cred'it-a-ble (-4-b'l),
a. Injurious to reputation ; disgraceful.

DiS-creet' (dis-kret/), a. Prudent; sagacious;
cautious ; wary. — Dis-creet'ly, adv.

Dis-crep'ant (dis-kre'p/ant), a. Discordant ; at
variance ; disagreeing ; different. — Dis-crep'-
ance (-ans), Dis-crep'an-cy (-an-sy), n. Dis-
agreement ; inconsistency.

Dis-cretO' (dis-kref), a. Separate ; distinct ; dis-
junctive. — DiS-cre'tive (-kre'tiv), a. Disjunc-
tive; separating.

Dis-cre'tion (dis-krgsh'un), n. Quality of being
discreet ; sagacity ; prudence ; freedom of ac-
tion. — Dis-crCtion-al (-al), Dis-cre'tion-a-ry
(-a-r^), n. Left to discretion ; unrestrained ex-
cept by discretion or judgment. — Dis-cre'tion-
al-ly (-ai-ly), Dis-cre'tion-a-ri-ly (-a-rl-ly), adv.

Dls-crim'i-nate (dis-krim'T-nat), a. Distin-
guished ; having the difference marked. — (-nat),
v. t. & i. To distinguish ; to separate. — Dis-
crim'i-nate-ly, adv. Distinctly. — Dis-crim'i-
nate-ness, n. — Dis-crim'i-na'tion (-na'shun),
n. Act of discriminating ; mark of distinction ;
discernment ; penetration ; judgment. — Dis-
Clim'i-na-tive (-na-tlv or -na'tfv), a. Marking
a difference ; distinctive ; characteristic.

Dis-crown' (dls-kroun'), v. i. To deprive of a
crown.

DiS-CUl'sion (dis-kfir'shun), n. Expatiation; des-
ultory talk; reasoning.— Dis-CUT'sive (-sTv), a.
Passing from one thing to another ; rambling ;
digressive. — Dis-cur'sive-ly, adv. — Dis-cur'-
SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Argumentative ; discursive.

Dis'CUS (dis'kus), n. A quoit ; a disk.

Dis-cuss' (dis-kus'), v. I. [Discussed (-kusf) ;
Discussing.] To disperse ; to examine or con-
sider by disputation ; to debate. — Dis-CUS'sion
(-kush'un), n. Act or process of discussing;
debate ; disputation. — Dis-CUSS'ive (-kus'iv),
a. Able or tending to discuss or disperse (tu-
mors, etc.). — n. A discutient.

DiS-CU'tient (dis-ku'shent), a. Serving to dis-
perse morbid matter. — n. A medicine to dis-
perse tumors or coagulated fluids in the body.

Dis-dain' (dis-dan' or diz-), n. Haughtiness ;
scorn ; contempt ; pride. — v. t. [Disdained
(-dand'); Disdaining.] To contemn; to de-
spise; to scorn. —f. i. To be filled with con-
temptuous anger. — Dis-dain'ful (-ful), a. Full
of, or expressing, disdain ; scornful ; haughty.
— Dis-dain'ful-ly, adv.— Dis-dain'ful-ness, n.

DiS-ease' (dTz-ez'), n. Disorder ; distemper ;
malady, — v. t. [Diseased (-ezd') ; Diseasing.]
To afflict with sickness.

DiS'em-bark' (dis'gm-bark'), v. t. & i. To put or
go on shore ; to land ; to debark. — Dis-enVbar-
ka'tion (-em'bar-ka'shun), n. A disembarking.

Dis'em-bar'rass (dTs/gin-baT'ras), v. t. To free
from embarrassment or perplexity ; to clear.

Dis'em-bod'y (dTs'eni-bod'y), v. t. [Disembodied
(-bod'Td) ; Disembodying.] To divest of the
body ; to free from the flesh.

Dis/em-bogue/ (dis^em-bog'), v. t. To discharge
at the mouth, as a stream.

Dls'em-bow'el (dis/em-bou'el), v. t. To take out
the bowels or entrails of ; to eviscerate ; to gut.

Dis'en-a'ble (dis'Sn-a'b'l), v. t. To deprive of
power ; to disable ; to disqualify.

Dis'en-chant' (dts'Sn-chant'), v. t. To free from
enchantment or spells. — Dis en-chant'inent
(-ineut), n. Act of disenchanting, or state of
being disenchanted.

Dis'en-cum'ber (dis'en-kum'ber), v. t. To free
from encumbrance, clogs, or impediments. —
Dis'en-cum'brance (-brans), n. Deliverance
from anything burdensome or troublesome.

Dis'en-dOW' (dls/en-dou'), v. I. To deprive (a
church, etc.) of endowment.

Dis'en-gage' (dis/en-gaj'), v. t. To release from
connection or engagement ; to liberate ; to free ;
to extricate ; to clear ; to detach. — v. i. To re-
lease one's self ; to become detached. — Dis'-
en-gage'ment (-ment), n. Act of disengaging ;
state of being disengaged ; freedom ; leisure.

Dis'en-tan'gle (dTs'Sn-tSn'g'l), v. t. To free from
entanglement or perplexity ; to unravel ; to ex-
tricate ; to clear ; to disengage. — Dis'en-tan'-
gle-ment (-ment), n. Act of disentangling.

Dis'en-throne' (dis'eu-thron'), v. t. To dethrone.

Dis'en-tomb' (dls'en-tobm'), v. t. To take out
from a tomb.

Dis/en-trance/ (dYs^n-trans'), v. t. To awaken
from a trance.

Dis'es-tab/lish (dis'gs-taVlYsh), v. t. To unset-
tle ; to break up (something established). — Dis'-
establishment (-ment), n. A disestablishing ;
condition of being disestablished.

Dises-teem' (dis'gs-teui'), n. Want of esteem;
disfavor. — v. t. To dislike ; to slight. — Dis-es'-
ti-ma'tion (dTs-eVtT-ma'6hun), n. Disesteem.

Dis-fa'vor (dis-fa'ver), n. Want of favor ; dis-
esteem ; unkindness. — v. t. To withhold or
withdraw favor from ; to discountenance.

Dis-fig'ure (dis-f Yg'ur), v. t. To deface ; to mar.
— Dis-fig'u-ra'tion (-fi-ra'shun), Dis-fig'ure-

ment (-ment), n. Deformity ; defacement.

Dis-fran'cMse (dTs-fran'chiz or -chiz), v. t. To
deprive of a franchise, esp. of citizenship. —
Dis-fran'Chise-ment (-ment), n. Act of dis-
franchising ; state of being disfranchised.

DiS-gar'nish (dls-gar'nYsh), v. t. To divest of
garniture or furniture ; to dismantle.

DiS-gorge' (dTs-g6rj'), v. t. [Disgorged (-g8rjd') ;
Disgorging.] To vomit ; to give up ; to make
restitution of. — v. i. To vomit ; to make resti-
tution.

Dis-grace' (dYs-gras'), n. Lack or loss of favor ;
opprobrium ; dishonor ; shame ; disrepute. —
v. t. [Disgraced (-grasf) ; Disgracing.] To
deprive of favor ; to degrade ; to debase. — DiS-
gtace'ful (-ful), a. Bringing disgrace or dis-
honor ; shameful ; infamous ; ignominious. —
Dis-grace'ful-ly. adv. — Dis-grace'ful-ness, n.

Dis-gUise' (dis-giz'), v. t. [Disguised (-gizd') ;
Disguising.] To change the guise or appear-
ance of ; to conceal ; to dissemble ; to mask. —
n. A dress or exterior put on to conceal or to
deceive ; deception ; change of manner by drink ;
slight intoxication. — DiS-guis'ed-ly ( - giz 'Sd-
ly), adv. In disguise.

Dis-gust' (dis-gusf), v. t. To provoke dislike in ;
to offend ; to displease. — n. Aversion ; distaste ;
dislike ; repugnance. — Dis-gUSt'ful (-ful), DiS-
gust'ing, a. Offensive; nauseous. —Dis-gUSt'-
ing-ly, adv.

Dish (dish), n. Vessel to hold food ; particular
kind of food ; hollow form, like a dish. — v. t.
[Dished (disht) ; Dishing.] To put in a dish
ready for the table. — Dish'ing, a. Concave ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DISHFUL

120

DISPASSIONATELY

hollow. — Dish'ful (dlsh'f ul), n. As much as a
dish will hold.
Dis'lia-bille' (diVa-MF), n. An undress ; desha-
bille.
Dis-heart'en (dis-har't'n), v. t. [Disheartened
(-t'ud) ; Disheartening.] To dispirit ; to dis-
courage ; to deter.

Dl-shev'el (dT-sheV'l or -SI), v. t. [Disheveled
(-'Id or -eld) or Dishevelled ; Disheveling or
Dishevelling.] To suffer to hang loosely or
negligently, as the hair.

Dish'ful (dish'ful), n. See under Dish, n.

Dis-hon'est (dls-on'est or diz-), a. Wanting in
honesty ; fraudulent ; faithless ; unjust. — DiS-
hon'est-ly, adv. — Dis - hon ' es - ty (-es-ty), n.
Want of honesty or integrity ; unchastity.

Dis-hon'or (dls-ou'er or diz-), n. Want of honor ;
disgrace ; shame ; reproach. — v. t. To bring re-
proach or shame on ; to violate the chastity of ;
to refuse to accept or pay (a draft or accept-
ance). — Dis-hon'or-a-ble (-a-b'l); a. Shame-
ful; base; disgraced. — Dis-hon'or-a-ble-ness,
n. — Dis-hon'or-ably, adv.

Dis/in-Cline/ (dis'in-klin'), v. t. To excite the
dislike of ; to make averse. — Dis-ill'cli-Iia'tion
(dis-in/klT-na'shuu), n. Unwillingness; reluc-
tance ; repugnance ; aversion.

Dis'in-fecf (dis/in-fekf), v. t. To cleanse from
infection. — Disin-fecfant (-fekt'ant), n. That
which disinfects.— DiS'in-fec'tion (-iek'shun),
n. A disinfecting.

Dis-in-gen'U-OUS (dTs/in-jen'u-Qs), «• Not in-
genuous ; wanting in frankness ; deceitful ; art-
ful. — Dis'in-gen/u-ous-ly, adv. — Dis'in-gen'-
u-ous-ness, n.

Dis'in-her'it (dTs/in-her'it), v. t. To cut off
from hereditary right ; to deprive of an inherit-
ance. — Dis in-ner'i-son (-hgrT-z'n), Dis in-
her'it-ance (-Tt-ans), n. Act of disinheriting, or
condition of being disinherited.

Dis-in'te-grate (dis-Tn'te-grat), v. t. To separate
into integrant parts. — Dis-in'te-gra'tion (-gra'-
shun), n. Act of disintegrating, or state of be-
ing disintegrated.

Dis'ill-ter' ( dls/Tn-ter'), v. t. To take out of the
grave or from a hiding place. — Dis'in-ter'-
ment (-ter'ment), n. Act of disinterring.

DiS-inrter-est-ed (dis - in ' ter - gst - gd), a. Free
from self-interest ; impartial ; indifferent. —
Dis-in'ter-est-ed-ly, adv. — Dis-in'ter-est-ed-
ness, n.

Dis'in-thrall/ (dT&HLn-thral'), v. t. To release ; I
to set free ; to emancipate. — DiS'ln-tiirall'-
ment (-ment), n. Emancipation.

Disjoin' (dTs-join'), v. t. & i. [Disjoined (-joind'); ;
Disjoining.] To part ; to disunite ; to separate.

Dis-joint' (dis-joinf), v. t. To put out of joint ; to
break in pieces ; to break the natural order and
relations of. — v. i. To fall or break in pieces.

— Dis-Jolnt'ly, adv. In a disjointed state.
Dis-Junct' (dTs-jiinkt'), a. Disjoined ; separated.

— Dis -June' tion (-junk'-
shun), n. Disunion ; separa-
tion. — Dis-Junc'tive (-tTv),
a. Tending to disjoin ; sep-
arating. — Dis-junc'tive-ly,
adv.

Disk (disk), Disc, n. A flat,
circular plate; quoit; the
face of a celestial body ; the
surface of a leaf.

[ Dis-UkeKdis-lIk'), v. t. [Disliked (-likf) ; Dis-
liking.] To have an aversion to. — n. Dis-
taste ; displeasure ; antipathy ; disgust.

Dis'lo-cate (dis'16-kat), v. t. To displace ; to put
out of joint.— (-kat), a. Dislocated. — Dis'lo-
ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. Displacement; a joint
put out.

Dis-lodge' (dis-15j'), v. t. [Dislodged (-15jd') j
Dislodging.] To drive from a lodge or place of
rest or a station. — Dis-lodg'ment (-loj'nient),
n. A dislodging or state of being dislodged.

Dis-loy'al (dls-loi'al), a. Not loyal; false to
allegiance ; faithless ; perfidious ; inconstant.

— Dis-loy'al-ly, adv. — Dis-loy'al-ty (-ty), n.
Want of fidelity ; unfaithfulness in love.

Dis'mal (diz'mal), a. Gloomy; lonesome; dole-
ful ; melancholy ; unhappy. — Dis'mal-ly, adv.

Dis-man'tle (dis-man't'l), v. t. To deprive of
dress, furniture, defenses, etc. ; to strip ; to raze.

Dis-mast' (dls-masf), v. t. To deprive of masts.

Dis-may/ (dis-ma'), v. t. [Dismayed (-mad') ;
Dismaying.] To terrify; to daunt; to dis-
hearten.— n. Loss of courage ; fright ; horror.

Dis-mem'ber (dis-mgm'ber), v. t. To divide limb
from limb ; to mutilate ; to sever. — Dis-mem'-
her-ment (-ment), n. Division ; mutilation.

Dis-miss' (dis-mis'), v. t. [Dismissed (-mist') ;
Dismissing.] To send away ; to remove from
office ; to reject. — Dis-miss'al (-mis/al), Dis-
mis'sion (-mish'un), n. A dismissing. — DiS-
miSS'ive (-mis'iv), a. Giving leave to depart.

Dis-mount' (dis -mount'), v. i. To descend;
to alight from a horse. — v. t. To throw from
an elevation, a place of honor, a horse, etc.

Dis/0-be/di-ent (dis'o-be'dT-ent), a. Neglecting
or refusing to obey. — Dis'0-be'di-ent-ly, adv.

— DiS/0-be/di-ence (-ens), n. Neglect or re-
fusal to obey.

Dis'O-bey' (dls>6-ba'), v. t. & i. To neglect or
refuse to obey ; to break the commands of.

Dis/0-blige/ (dis'6-bllj'), v. t. To offend by un-
kindness or incivility. — Dis'o-bli'ging (-bli'«
jing), a. Indisposed to gratify ; unkind. —
Dis'o-bli'ging-ly, adv.

Dis-or'der (dTs-<5r'der), n. Want of order; ir-
regularity ; confusion ; disturbance ; illness ;
sickness. — v. t. To throw into confusion ; to
make sick ; to derange ; to discompose. — Dis-
or'der-ly, a. Irregular : confused ; unruly ;
lawless ; vicious ; loose. — Dis-or'der-li-ness. n.

Dis-or'gan-ize (dts-Sr'gan-Iz), v. t. To destroy
the structure or system of ; to throw into disor-
der. — Dis-organ-i-za'tion ( - 1 - za ' shun ), n.
Subversion of order.

Dis-own' (dis-on' or diz-), v. t. [Disowned
(-ond') ; Disowning.] To refuse to own or ac-
knowledge ; to renounce ; to repudiate.

Dis- par ' age ( dis-par'aj i. v. t. [Disparaged
(-ajd) ; Disparaging (-a-jlng).] To injure by
depreciating comparisons ; to decry ; to depre-
ciate ; to undervalue. — Dis - par ' age - ment
(-ment), n. Injurious comparison with an in-
ferior ; derogation ; detraction.

Dis-par'i-ty (dis-pSr'T-ty), n. Difference in age,
rank, etc. ; inequality ; disproportion.

Dis-part' (dis-parf), v. t. & i. To divide; to
separate.

Dis-pas'sion (dis-paWiin), n. Freedom from
passion ; apathy. — Dis-pas'sion-ate (-at), a.
Free from passion ; calm ; cool ; impartial. —
Dis-pas'sion-ate-ly, adv.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; &, e, I, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DISPATCH

121

DISSEIZOR

DiS- patch' (dls-pach ' ), v. t. [Dispatched
(-pSoht') ; Dispatching.] To send off; to ex-
pedite ; to hasten ; to pat out of the way ; to
put to death ; to kill. — v. i. To make haste. —
n. The sending in haste ; message dispatched
or sent off ; hurry ; promptness ; speed.

Dis-pel' (dis-pel'), v. t. [Dispelled (-peld') ;
Dispelling.] To drive away ; to dissipate.

Dis-pense' (dis-peW), v. t. To deal out ; to dis-
tribute ; to administer ; to execute, —v. i. To
give dispensation ; to allow an omission ; to
forego; — followed by with. — Dis-pens'er, n.

— DiS-pen'sa ble (-pe"n'sa-b'l), a. Capable of
being dispensed or dispensed with. — Dis-pen'-
Sa-iy (-sa-ry), n. A place in which medicines
are given gratis to the poor ; a shop in which
medicines are prepared. — DiS - pen ' sa - to - ry
(-pen'sa-to-ry), a. Granting, or able to grant,
dispensations. — n. A book of directions for
compounding medicines; pharmacopoeia. — Dis-
pell'sa-tive (-tiv), a. Dispensatory. — Dis-
pen'sa-tive-ly, adv. — Dispen-sa'tion (dls'-
pen-sa'shun), n. A dispensing or dealing out ;
a license to do what is forbidden.

Dis-peo'ple (dls-pe'p'l), v. t. To depopulate.

Dis-perse7 (dls-pSn/), v. t. [Dispersed (-persf) ;
Dispersing.] To scatter ; to dispel ; to spread ;
to diffuse ; to disseminate. — v. i. To sepa-
rate ; to vanish. — Dis-per'sion (-per'shun), n.
A scattering or dissipating.

Dis-pir'it (dTs-piVit), v. t. To dishearten; to
deject ; to intimidate ; to frighten.

Displace' (dls-plaV), v. t. [Displaced (-plasf) ;
Displacing.] To put out of place ; to depose ;
to derauge ; to dismiss ; to discard. — Dis-
place'meat (-ment), n. A displacing.

Dis-plant/ (dTs-plaiit/), v. t. To remove or dis-
place (a plant). — Dis'plan-ta'tion (dis/plan-
ta'shun), n. Removal ; displacement.

Dis-play' (dTs-pla'), v. t. & i. [Displayed
(-plad') ; Displaying.] To unfold; to spread
wide; to exhibit; to parade; to expand. — n.
An unfolding ; exhibition ; ostentatious show.

Dis-please/ (dls-plez'), v. t. & i. [Displeased
(-plezd') ; Displeasing.] To offend ; to disgust ;
to vex ; to affront. — DiS-pleas'ure (-plezh'fir),
n. Slight anger or irritation ; disapprobation.

Dis-plotiV (dls-plod'), v. t. & i. To discharge ;
to explode; to burst. — Dis- plo ' sion (-plo'-
zhun), n. ■ An explosion ; discharge.

Dis-port' (dis-porf), n. Play ; sport ; diversion.

— v. i. To play ; to wanton. — v. t. To amuse.
Dis-pose' (dls-poz'), v. I. [Disposed (-pozd') ;

Disposing.] To place ; to incline ; to adapt ; to
fit ; to adjust ; to bestow. — Dis-posed' (-pozd'),
a. Inclined : minded. — Dis-pos'er (-poz'er), n.

— Dis-pos'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Subject to disposal ;
available for use. — Dis-pos'al (-a\), n. Act or
power of disposing; ; management ; conduct ;
control. — Dis'po-Si'tion (dis'po-zTsh'iin), n.
A disposing; distribution; order; temper or
aptitude of mind ; moral character ; tendency.

Dis pos-sess' (dTs'p5z-zeV or -pos-ses'), v. t. To
put out of possession ; to eject. — Dis'pos-ses'-
Sion (-zgsh'iin or -sesh'un), n. Act of dispos-
sessing ; state of being dispossessed

Dis-praise' ( d i s-p r as' ), v. t. [Dispraised
(-prazd') ; Dispraising.] To withdraw praise
from ; to blame. — n. Censure ; detraction.

Dis-proof (dis-proot'), n. A proving to be false ;
confutation ; refutation.

Dis'pro-por'tion (dTs'pro-por'shiin), n. Want of
proportion, symmetry, or suitableness. — v. t.
To make unsuitable; to mismatch. — Dispro-

por'tion-al (-ai), Dis'pro-por'tion-ate (-at), a.

Not proportioned ; unsuitable. — DiS'pro-pOl'-

tion-al-ly, Dis'pro-por'tion-ate-ly, adv.
Dis -prove' (dis-proov' ), v. t. [Disproved

(-probvd') ; Disproving.] To prove to be false ;

to confute ; to refute.
Dis-pute' (dis-puf), v. i. & t. To debate ; to

contest; to question ; to argue. — «. A verbal

contest ; debate ; struggle ; difference ; quarrel..

— Dis-put'er (-put'er), n. — Dis ' pu - ta - ble

(dto'pu-ta-b'l), a. Capable of being disputed ;
controvertible. — Dis'pu-ta-ble -ness, n. —
Dis'pu-tailt (-tant), a. Disputing. — n. One
who disputes ; an opponent ; a controvertist. —
DiS/pU-ta'ti0H (dis ' pu - ta ' shun), n. Contro-
versy ; argumentation. — DiS'pu-ta'tiOUS (-ta'-
shus), Dis-put'a-tive (-put'a-tlv), a. Inclined
to dispute ; apt to cavil or controvert.

Dis-qual'i-fy (dTs-kw51'I-fi), v. t. [Disqualified
(-fid) ; Disqualifying.] To render unfct ; to in-
capacitate ; to disable. — Dis-qual'i-fi-ca'tion
(-kwol'T-f I-ka'shun), n. Want of qualification ;
that which disqualifies or incapacitates.

Dis-qui'et (dis-kwi'St), n. Want of quiet ; unea-
siness ; anxiety. — p. t. [Disquieted ; Disqui-
eting.] To make uneasy or restless ; to dis-
turb. — Dis - qui ' et - ness, Dis - qui ' e - tude
(-e-tud), n. Want of peace or tranquillity ; un-
easiness ; disturbance ; anxiety.

Dis'qui-si'tion (dls'kwl-zish'uu), n. A formal
discussion of any subject ; a dissertation.

Dis're-gard' (dis're-gard'), v. t. To pay no heed
to; to neglect; to slight. — n. Act of disre-
garding ; state of being disregarded ; omission
to notice. — Dis're-gard'iul (-ful), a. Negli-
gent; remiss.

Dis-rel'ish (dis-rSllsh), n. Distaste ; dislike ;
nauseousness. — v. t. To feel disgust at ; to
make nauseous.

Dis're-pute7 (dis're-put/), n. Loss or want of
repute or credit. — Dis-rep'u-ta-ble (-rep'u-ti-
b'l), a. Not reputable ; discreditable ; low ;
shameful. — Dis-rep'u-ta-bly, adv.

Dis're-spect' (dTs're-spekf), n. Want of respect ;
incivility ; discourtesy. — v. t. To show disre-
spect to. — Dis're-spect'ful (-ful), a. Wanting
in respect ; uncivil. — Dis're-spect'ful-ly, adv.

Dis-robe7 (dTs-rob/), V. t. To divest of a robe, or
of that which clothes or decorates.

Dis-rupt' (dis-rupf), a. Rent asunder ; broken.

— v. t. To burst; to rend. — Dis-rup'tion (-rup'-
shun), Dis-rup'ture (-rur/tur), n. A rendinc
asunder. — Dis-rupt'ive (-rup'ttv), a. Causing
or accompanied by disruption ; bursting.

Dis-sat'is-fy (d!s-s5tTs-fi), v. t. To displease. —
Dis-SJtt'iS-fac'tion (-Ts-l5k'shun), n. Discon-
tent ; displeasure ; distaste ; dislike.

Dis-sect' (dts-sSkf), v. t. To cut in pieces and
examine minutely. — Dis-sect'or (-sek'ter), n.
An anatomist. — Dis-sect'i-ble (diB-aSlri/I-b'l),
a. Capable of being dissected. — Dis-sec'tion
(-sek'shun), n. Act of dissecting ; anatomy.

Dis-seize' (dts-sez'), v. t. To dispossess wrong-
fully. — DiS'sei-zee' (dis'se-ze'), n. One dis-
seized, or dispossessed of an estate unlawfully.

— DiS-sei'zin (-se'zin), n. The unlawful dis-
possessing of one teized of the f reeliold. — Dis-
sei'zor (-zor), n. One who disseizes.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

DISSEMBLE

122

DISTRAIN

DiS-semlJle (dis-sgm'b'l), v. t. & i. [Dissembled
(-b'ld) ; Dissembling.] To conceal ; to feign ; to
disguise. — Dis-sem'bler (-bier), n.

Dis-sem'i-nate (dis-sem'T -uat), v. t. To sow
(seed) ; to scatter for growth and propagation ;
to spread ; to diffuse ; to circulate. — Dis-sem'-
1-na'tor (-na'ter), n. — Dis-sem/i-na'tion (-T-
na'shun), n. Diffusion; dispersion. — Dis-
sem'I-na-tlve (-na-tTv or -na-tiv), a. Tending
to scatter or to become disseminated.

DiS-senf (dls-senf), v. i. To differ in opinion ;

. to disagree ; to differ from the established
church. — n. Act of dissenting ; disagreement
from an established church, esp. that of Eng-
land. — Dis-sent'er, n. — Dis-sen'sion (-sgn'-
shun), n. Violent disagreement ; contention ;
strife. — Dis-sen'tieilt (-shent), a. Disagreeing ;
declaring dissent, — n. One who dissents. —
DiS-sen'ti0US (-shiis), a. Quarrelsome.

Dis'ser-ta'tlon (dTs'ser-ta'shiin), n. A formal
discourse ; a disquisition ; an essay.

DiS-serve' (dis-serv'), v. t. To injure ; to hurt ;
to harm. — Dis-serv'ice (-ser'vis), n. Injury ;
mischief; detriment. — Dis- serv 'ice- a- Die
(-a-b'l), a. Unserviceable ; injurious.

Dis-seVer (dis-sgv'er), v. t. To part in two ; to dis-
unite. — Dls-sev'er-ance (-ans), n. Separation.

Dis'si-dent (dTs'sT-dent), a. Not agreeing ; dis-
senting. — n. A dissenter. — Dis ' si - donee
(-dens), n. Disagreement ; dissent.

Dis-sim/i-lar (dis-sim'i-ler), a. Unlike ; hetero-
geneous. — Dis-sim'i-lar-ly, adv. — Dis-sim'i-
lar'i-ty (-T-laVi-ty), n. Want of resemblance.

— Dis-si-mil'i-tude (dis-sT-mll'i-tud), n. Want
of resemblance ; unlikeness ; dissimilarity ; com-
parison by contrast.

DiS-Sim'U-late (dis-sTm'u-lat), v. i. To dissem-
ble ; to feign. — Dis-sim'U-la'tion (-u-la'shiin),
n. A feigning ; a false pretense ; hypocrisy.

Dis'si-pate (dis'sT-pat), v. t. To drive asunder ;
to disperse ; to spend ; to squander ; to lavish.

— v. i. To waste away ; to vanish ; to be extrav-
agant, wasteful, or dissolute. — Dis'si-pa'tion
(-pa'shun), n. Act of dissipating or dispersing ;
dissolute life ; profuseness; distracted attention.

Dis-SO'cial (dis-so'shal), a. Unfriendly to soci-
ety. — Dis-so'cia-ble (-sha-b'l), a. Dissocial ;
not well assorted ; incongruous. — Dis-SO'ci-ate
(-shT-at), v. t. To separate. — Dis-SO'ci-a'tion
(-shT-a'shun), n. Separation ; disunion.

Dis'so-lu-ble (dis'so-lu-b'l), a. Capable of being
dissolved, liquefied, or disunited.

Dls'SO-lute (dis'so-lut), a. Loose in morals ; wild ;
wanton ; lax ; licentious ; debauched. — Dis'-

so-lute-ly, adv. — Dls^so-lute-ness, n.

Dis'SO-lu'tion (dis'so-lu'shiin), n. Act of dis-
solving, or separating into component parts ;
extinction of life ; death ; ruin.

Dissolve' (dlz-z51v'), v. t. & i. [Dissolved
(-z51vd') ; Dissolving. ] To separate into compo-
nent parts ; to melt ; to terminate. — DiS-SOlV'-
a-ble, a.— Dis-SOlv'ent (-ent), a. Having power
to melt or dissolve. — n. That which dissolves ;
a menstruum ; a solvent.

Dls'so-nant (dls'so-nant), a. Discordant; in-
congruous ; harsh to the ear. — Dis'SO-nance
(-nans), Dis'SO-nan-cy (-nan-s^), n. A discord ;
jargon ; incongruity ; inconsistency.

Dissuade' (dis-swad'), v. t. To advise against ; to
divert (from an act) by persuasion. — Dis-SUa'-
Sion (-swa'zhun), n. Act of dissuading. — Dis-

Distaff.

sua'sive (-swa'sT v), a. Tending to dissuade. —
n. An argument to deter one from a measure.

DiS-syl'la-ble (dis-sil'la-b'l or dTs'sil'a-b'l), n.
A word of two syllables. — Dis'syl-laVic (dls''-
sTl-laVTk), a. Having two syllables only.

Dis'taff (dls'taf ), n. A staff holding flax, tow, or
wool, from which thread is drawn
in spinning.

Dis-tain' (dis-tan'), v. t. [Detained
(-tand') ; Distaining.] To stain;
to sully ; to defile.

Distance (dis'tans), n. The space
between bodies ; remoteness ; re-
serve.— v. t. [Distanced (-tanst) ;
Distancing.] To place at a dis-
tance ; to outstrip in a race ; to =
surpass greatly.— Dis'tant (-tant),
a. Far separated ; remote ; in,
place, time, connection, etc. ; shy;'
cold ; faint ; obscure ; as from a
distance. — Dis'tant-ly, adv. At
a distance ; remotely ; with reserve.

Dis-taste' (dis-tasf), n. Disrelish ; dislike ; aver-
sion ; disgust. — v. t. To dislike ; to loathe. —
Dis-taste'f ul (-ful), a. Unpleasant ; offensive ;
disgusting ; repulsive. — Dis-taste'f ul-ly, adv.

Dis-tem/per (dYs-tgm'per), v. t. [Distempered
(-perd) ; Distempering.] To derange the func-
tions of ; to disturb ; to affect with disease. — n.
Malady; sickness ; bad temper ; a painter's prep-
aration of colors with glue or size, instead of oil.

Distend' (dis-tend'), v. t. & i. To lengthen out
or spread in all directions ; to expand ; to swell.

— Dis-ten'si-ble (-tgn'sT-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing distended. — Dis-ten'tion {dls-tgn ' shun ),
n. Expansion.

Dis'tich (dts'tik), n. A couplet ; two poetic lines.

Dis-till' (dis- til'), Dis-til', v. i. [Distilled
(-tlld) ; Distilling.] To fall in drops ; to flow
gently; to practice distillation. — v. t. To let
fall in drops ; to extract spirits from ; to rectify ;
to purify.— Dis-till'er, n. — Dis-till'er-y (-er-y),
n. A place where distilling is done. — Dis'til-la'-
tion (dis'til-la'shun), n. Act of distilling; a
substance extracted by distilling.

Distinct' (dis-tinkf), a. Separate; definite;
clear ; plain ; not confused. — Dis-tinct'ly, adv.

— Dis-tinct'ness, n. — Dis-tinc'tlon C-tTnk'-
ehun), n. Difference ; superiority ; rank ; note.

— Dis-tinc'tive (-tiv), a. Marking or express-
ing distinction. — Dis-tinc'tive-ly, adv.

DiS-tin'guish (dis-tTn'gwTsh), v. t. [Distin-
guished (-gwisht) ; Distinguishing.] To note
the difference between ; to discriminate ; to sig-
nalize ; to honor. — v. i. To make distinctions ;
to exercise discrimination. — Dis-tin'guish-a-
ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being distinguished.

— Dis-tm'gUished (-gwisht), a. Eminent;
conspicuous ; illustrious. — Dis-tin'guish-ing
(-gwish-ing), a. Constituting difference ; pe-
culiar ; characteristic ; distinctive.

Dis-tort/ (dTs-tQrf), v. t. To twist out of shape ;
to wrest; to pervert; to bend. — Dis-tor'tion
(-tSr'shiin), n. Act of distorting ; state of being
twisted out of shape ; a visible deformity.

Dis-tracf (dis-trSkf), v. t. To perplex ; to con-
fuse ; to agitate; to craze. — Dis - trac ' tion
(-trSk'sbtin), n. Confusion; disorder; dissen-
sion ; derangement. — Dis-tract'ive (-tiv), a.
Causing perplexity ; distracting.

Dis-train' (dls-tran'), v. I. [Distrained (-trand') ;

, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short , senate, event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DISTRAINER

123

DIVORCE

Distraining.] To seize for debt, without legal
process. — Dis-train'or (-er), Dis-train'er, ». —
Dis-traint' (-tranf), n. A seizing personal
property by distress.

HDis'trait' (dis'tra'), a. Absent-minded ; lost in
thought ; abstracted.

Dis-traught/ (dls-traf), a. Distracted ; per-
plexed.

Distress' (dTs-treV), to- [Distressed (-trgsf) ;
Distressing.] Extreme pain ; misery ; adver-
sity ; act of distraining, or thing taken by dis-
training. — v. t. To pain ; to grieve ; to seize lor
debt ; to distrain.

DiS-trib/ute (dis-trlb'ut), v. t. To divide among
several ; to separate into classes ; to deal ; to
share ; to assign. — v. i. To make distribution.
— Dis-trib/u-ter (-u-ter), n. — Dis'tri-bu'tion
(dTs'trl-bu'sbun), n. Act of distributing ; allot-
ment ; classification. — Dis-trib'U-tive (-trlV-
u-tlv), a. Distributing ; tending to distribute ;
expressing separation or division ; dealing to
each his proper share. — Dis-trib'U-tive-ly,
adv. By distribution ; singly.

Dis'tlict (dls'trtkt), n. A portion of territory ;
a tract ; a region ; a country, —v. t. To divide
into districts.

Dis-trust' (dTs-trusf), v. t. To suspect ; to mis-
trust ; to disbelieve. — to. Doubt of reality or
sincerity ; suspicion of evil designs. — Dis-
trasfful (-ful), a. Apt to distrust ; suspicious ;
diffident; modest. — Dis-trust/ful-ly, adv.

Dis-turb' (dis-tQrb'), v. t. [Disturbed (-tflrbd') ;
Disturbing.] To disorder ; to agitate ; to stir ;
to move. — Dis-turVer, n. — Dis - turb ' ance
(-ans), n. Confusion ; disorder ; agitation.

Dls-un'ion (dis-un'yun), n. Termination, or want,
of union. — Dis-un'ion-ist, n. An advocate of
disunion. — DiS/tt-nite/ (dls'u-nit'), v. t. & i.
To divide ; to part ; to sever ; to separate. —
Dis-U'ni-ty Gii'nT-tjr), to. State of separation.

DiS-USe' (dis-us'), n. Cessation of use or of cus-
tom ; desuetude. — Dis-use' (-uz'), v. t. [Dis-
used (-uzd') ; Disusing. ] To cease to use or prac-
tice ; to disaccustom. — DlS-U'sage (-u'zaj), n.
Disuse.

Ditch, (dtch), to. A trench in the earth, — v. t. &
i. [Ditched (dlcht) ; Ditching.] To dig a
ditch or ditches (in).

Dith/y-ram'bic (dith'T-ram'bik), a. Wild, im-
petuous, and boisterous. — to. A poem written
in enthusiastic strains.

Dit'tO (dit'to), n. That which has been said;
same thing, — adv. As before; in the same
manner ; also ; — written do. or ".

Dit'ty (dlt't^), n. A song ; a little poem.

Di'U-ret'ic (dl'u-rSt'Tk), a. Exciting the secre-
tion and discharge of urine. — n. A medicine
with diuretic properties.

Dl-ur'nal (dt-Gr'nal), a. Daily ; recurring every
day ; performed in a day. — Di-UT/nal-ly, adv.
Daily ; every day.

Di'U-tUT'nal (dl'u-tfir'nal), a. Of long continu-
ance ; lasting.

Di-van' (dT-\5n'), to. A Turkish council of state,
royal court, court of justice, or office for cus-
toms ; a council chamber ; a cushioned seat.

Di-var'i-cate (dt-var'T-kat), v. i. & f. To divide
into two branches. — Di-var'i-ca'tion (-T-ka'-
shiin), n. A parting; a forking; an equivocation.

Dive (div), v. i. [Dited (divd), colloq. Dove
(dov); Diving.] To plunge into water head first ;

Diving Bell.

In different

to sink ; to penetrate. — to. A diving ; a plunge
headforemost into water. — Div'er (div'er), n.
One who dives; a diving bird. — Diving bell. A
hollow vessel, in which men may descend and
work under water.

Di-verge' (di-verj'), v. i.
[Diverged ( - verjd' ) ;
Diverging.] To deviate
from a given course or

line. — Di-verge'ment,
Di-ver'gence (-ver'-
jens), Di-ver'gen-cy
(-jen-sy), n. A receding
from each other. — Di-
vergent (-jent), a. De-
viating from a given
point or direction ; sep-
arating from each other.

Di'vers (di'verz), a. Sev-
eral ; sundry.

Di'verse (di'vers or dt-
vers'), a. Different in
kind ; unlike ; dissimilar. — adv
directions. — Di'verse-ly, adv. In different
ways ; differently ; variously ; in different di-
rections. — Di-ver'si iy (dl-ver'sT-ii), v. t. To
make diverse or various. — Di-ver'si-fi-ca'tion
(dt-veVsT-fl-ka'shun), to. Modification ; change.

— Di-ver'si-ty (di-ver'sl-ty), to. Difference ;
unlikeness; variety.

Di-vert' (di-verf), v. t. To turn aside ; to amuse ;
to entertain.— Di-ver'sion (dT-ver'shun), n. A
turning aside ; a distraction ; an amusement ; a
solace. — Di-vert'ive (-vert'iv), a. Tending to
divert; amusing.

Di-vest' (dT-vgst'), v. t. To strip ; to deprive ; to
dispossess. — Di-vest/i-ture (-T-tur), n. Act of
divesting or state of being divested.

Di-vide7 (df-vid'), v. t. & i. To part ; to separate ;
to distribute. — Di-vid'er, to. One who divides
or deals out ; pi. an instrument for dividing
lines, describing circles, etc. ; compasses.

Div'i-dend (dTv'T-dgnd), to. Number or quantity
to be divided ; sum, share, or percentage of
stock or profits divided among stockholders,
creditors, etc.

Di-vine' (dT-vin'), a. Belonging to God ; godlike ;
holy ; sacred. — to. A clergyman ; a theologian.

— v. t. & i. [Divined (-vind') ; Divining.] To
foretell ; to predict ; to conjecture. — Di-Vine'-
ly, adv. In a godlike manner ; by the agency of
God. — Di-Vin'i-ty (-vln'I-ty), n. Divine na-
ture ; deity ; God ; science of divine things ;
theology. — Div'i-na'tion (div'T-na'shun), n.
Act of divining or foretelling future events ;
augury ; omen ; presage.

Di-ViS'i-ble (di-vTz'T-b'l), a. Capable of being
divided.— Di-Vis'i-bil'i-ty (-T-bil'I-ty ), to. Qual-
ity of being divisible.

Di-vi'sion (dT-vTzh'Iin), n. A dividing ; state of
being divided ; that which divides ; a portion
separated by dividing ; difference in opinion
or condition ; a section of an army or fleet com-
manded by a general officer. — Di-vi'sion-al
(-al), a. Marking or making division ; belong-
ing to a division or district.

Di-vi'sor (di-vl'zer), n. A numbef that divides
another. — Common divisor- Any number ca-
pable of dividing two or more numbers without
a remainder.

Di-vorce' (dT-vors'), n. A legal dissolution of the

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, lout, out, oil, cJiair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

DIVORCEMENT

124

DOLPHIN

marriage contract. — v. t. [Divorced (-vorsf) ; I
Divorcing.] To separate by divorce ; to sunder. '

— Di-vorce'ment (-ment), n. Divorce.
Di-vulge' (dT-vulj'), v. t. [Divulged (-vuljd') ;

Divulging.] To make public ; to disclose ; to
publish ; to impart.

Diz'en (dTz'z'n or dl'z'n), v. t. [Dizened (-z'nd) ;
Dizening.] To dress gaudily ; to overdress.

Diz'zy (dlz'zy), a. [Dizzdsr; Dizziest.] Af-
fected with vertigo ; giddy ; indistinct ; heedless.

— v. t. To confuse. — Diz'zi-ness, n.

Do (do), n. A syllable indicating the first tone of
the major diatonic scale for solmization.

Do. (dit'to), n. Abbreviation of Ditto.

Do (dob), v. t. & i., & auxiliary, [imp. Did (did) ;
p. p. Done (dun) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Doing (dob'-
Tng).] To act ; to perform ; to practice ; to
effect ; to answer the purpose. — Do/er, n.

Doc'i-ble (dos'T-b'l), a. Easily taught or man-
aged ; docile. — DoCi-bil'i-ty (doVI-bTl'I-t^),
Doc'i-ble-ness, n.

Doc'ile (doo'll or do'sfl), a. Teachable ; ready
to learn ; tractable. — Do-cil'i-ty (-sTl'T-ty), n.

Doc/i-mas'tic (d5s/I-maVtik), a. Proving by ex-
periments.

Dock (dok), n. A plant ; weeds.

Dock (dok), n. The solid part of a horse's tail ;
the stump of a tail left after clipping. — v. t.
[Docked (dokt); Docking.] To cut off; to
curtail ; to clip.

Dock (dok), n. A basin for ships ; space for an
accused person in court. — v.t. To place (a
vessel) in a dock. — Dock'age (-aj), n. Charge
for the use of a dock. — Dockyard' (d5k'yard'),
n. A yard or storage place for naval stores and
timber for shipbuilding.

Dock'et (dok'et), n. A summary ; a label tied to
goods ; a list of cases before a court, or of busi-
ness to be transacted. — v. t. [Docketed ;
Docketing.] To make an abstract of ; to enter
on a docket ; to file ; to label.

Doc'tor (dok'ter), n. One qualified to teach or
licensed to practice medicine ; a physician. —
v.t. [Doctored (-terd); Doctoring.] To at-
tend or treat as a physician ; to tamper with ;
to falsify. — Doc'tor-ate (-St), Doc' tor-ship, !
n. The degree or title of a doctor.

llDoc'tri-naire' (dok'tre-naV), n. One who ap- 1
plies abstract doctrines or theories to political }
or practical affairs ; a dogmatic theorist. — a.
Theoretic ; unpractical.

Doc'trine (dok'trTn), n. Instruction ; what is
taught; dogma; tenet. — Doc'tri-nal (-trT-nal),
a. Pertaining to, or containing, doctrine.

Doc'U-ment (dok'u-ment), n. Written instruction.

— v.t. To furnish with documents. — DOC'U-

men'tal (-mSn'tai), Doc'u-men'ta-ry (-ta-ry),
a. Pertaining to written evidence ; consisting
in documents.

Do-dec'a-gon (do-de'k'a-gSn), n. A regular fig-
ure, bounded by twelve equal sides.

Do-dec'a-he'dron (do-deVa-he'drSn), n. A solid
having twelve equal faces.

Dodge (doj), v. i. & t. [Dodged (dojd) ; Dodg-
ing.] To start suddenly aside ; to evade. — n.
An evading ; a device or trick. — Dodg'er, n.

Do'dO (do'doj, n. ; pi. Dodoes (-do7). A large ex-
tinct bird, once inhabiting Mauritius.

Doe (do), n. A female deer or rabbit. — Doe'skin'
(-skin'), n. The skin of the doe ; compact,
twilled woolen cloth.

Do'er (dob'er), n. One who does or performs ; an
actor ; an agent.

Does (duz), 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of Do.

Doff (dof ), v. t. To put off (dress) ; to rid one's
self of.

Dog (dog), n. A quadruped of many varieties; a
mean, worthless fellow ; an andiron ; a grappling
iron ; the carrier of a lathe. — v. t. [Dogged
(dogd) ; Dogging.] To follow persistently. —
Dog'ged (-ged), a. Sullen ; morose ; obstinate.

— Dog'ged-ly, adv. — Dog ' ged - ness, n. —
Dog'gish (-gish), a. Churlith ; snappish. —
Dog'ger-el (-ger-el), a. Low in style and ir-
regular in poetical measure. — n. Mean verse.

— Dog'carV (-kartf), n. A light two-wheeled,
one-horse carriage. — Dog days. The sultry
summer days from July to September. — Dog'-
eared' (-erd'), a. Having the corners of the
leaves turned down; — said of a book. — Dog'-
fisb/ (-f ish'), n. A kind of small shark. — Dog
Star. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude.

Doge (doj), n. A chief magistrate in the republics
of Venice and Genoa. — Do'gate (do'gat), n.
The office or dignity of a doge.

Dog'ger (d5g'ger), n. A Dutch two-masted fish-
ing vessel.

Dog'ma (dSg'ma), n. ; pi. E. Dogmas (-maz), L.
Dogmata (-ma-ta). An established tenet ; per-
emptory opinion ; maxim ; tenet. — Dog-mat'lc
(d5g-mat'ik), Dog-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Per-
taining to a dogma; positive; opinionated;
overbearing. — Dog-mat'ic-al-ly, adv. — Dog-
mat'ics (-Tks), n. Doctrinal theology. — Dog'-
ma-tism (dog'ma-tlz'm), n. The manner of a
dogmatist ; positiveness ; arrogance. — Dog'-
ma-tist, n. One who dogmatizes. — Dog'ma-
tize (-tlz), v. i. To assert positively or boldly.

Dog'WOOd' (dog'wdbdO» n. A large shrub or
small tree, having very hard wood.

Doi/ly (doi'ly), n. A small colored napkin.

Do'ingS (dob'iHgz), n. Things done ; actions ;
conduct ; behavior.

Doit (doit), n. A small Dutch coin ; a trifle.

Dole (dol), n. Dealing ; apportionment ; share ;
portion ; alms. — v. t. [Doled (dold) ; Doling.]
To distribute (alms) ; to deal out scantily.

Dole (dol), n. Grief ; sorrow ; lamentation. —
Dole'ful (-ful), a. Piteous ; sorrowful ; woeful ;
melancholy'; dismal. — Dole'ful-ly, adv. —
Dole'SOme (-sum), a. Doleful.

Doll (dol), n. A puppet or baby for a child.

DoPlar (dol'ler), n. A silver coin of the United
States, equal to 100 cents; a similar coin of
Mexico, South America, Spain, etc.

Dol'man (dol'man), n. An outer robe ; a cloak.

Dol'men (dol'men), n. A Druids' altar.

Do'lor (do'lor), n. Pain ; grief ; distress ; an-
guish. — DoPor-if'iC (dol'or-T 'Ik), a. Causing
pain or grief; dolorous.— Dol'cr-OUS (c'orer-us),
a. Doleful ; distressing. — Dol'or-OUS-ly, adv.

Dol'phin (dol'f in), n. A cetacean ; a fish about
five feet long, which changes its colors when
dying.

Dolphin.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, g, 1, 5, u, y. short ; senate, ©vent, idea, Obey , finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DOLT

125

DOUBLE

Dolt (dolt), re. A heavy, stupid fellow; a dunce ;

a simpleton. — Dolt'ish (-Tsh), a. Stupid.
Do-main' (do-man'), n. Dominion ; authority ;

extent of territory.
Dome (dom), n. A building ; a house ; a vaulted

roof ; a cupola.
Do-mes'tiC (do-mes'tik), a. Belonging to, or

fond of, one's house or home ; living in, or near,

men's homes ; tame ; made at home, not abroad.

— n. A house servant; pi. articles of home
manufacture. — Do-mes'ti-cate (-tT-kat), v. t.
To make domestic , to tame. — Do-mes'ti-ca'-
tion (-ka'shuu). n. Act of domesticating. —
Do'mes-ticl-ty (do'me's-tTs'T-ty), re. State of
being domestic ; household life.

Dom'i-Cile (dom'T-sTl), re. An abode or residence.

— Dom'i-cile [Domiciled (-sild) ; Domiciling],
Dom'i-cil'i-ate (-stll-it), v. t. To establish iu
a fixed residence. — Dom'i-Cil'i-a-ry (-sTl'T-a-
ry or -sll'ya-ry), a. Pertaining to a domicile
or residence. — Dom'i-cil'i-a'tion (-T-a'shiin),
re. Permanent residence.

Dom/i-nate (d5m'T-nat), v. t. To rule ; to gov-
ern. — v. i. To predominate. — Dom'i-nailt
(-nant), a. Ruling; prevailing. — re. Fifth tone
of the scale. — Dom'i-nance (-nans), Dom'i-
nan-cy (-nffn-sy), re. Predominance; ascen-
dency. — Dom'i-na'tion (-na'shun), re. Domin-
ion ; government ; authority. — Dom'i-na-tive
(d5ui'I-na-tTv),ff. Ruling; imperious. — Dom'-
i-na'tor (-na'ter), re. A ruler or ruling power ;
predominant influence.

Dom'i-neer' (dom'T-ner'), v. i. [Domineered
(-nerd') ; Domineering.] To rule insolently or
arbitrarily.

Do-min'ic-al (do-mln'T-kal), a. Indicating the
Lord's day, or Sunday ; relating to, or given
by, our Lord.

Do-min'i-can (do-mTn'T-kan), re. One of an or-
der of monks founded by Dominic de Guzman.

Dom'i-nie (doin'1-nl), re. A schoolmaster ; par-
son. [Scot.']

Do-min'ion (do-min'viin), re. Sovereign author-
ity ; predominance ; territory governed.

Dom'i-no (doin'i-no), v. ; pi. Dominos or -noes
(-noz). A hood ; a cloak ; a |. .,. .|rr7] — *\

mask ; a game played with
flat counters, numbered

like dice ; one of the pieces

in this game. |'» I

Don (d5n), re. Sir; Mr.; ' L

Signior; a title of cour- Dominoes,

tesy in Spain ; a grand personage.

Don (d5n), v. t. [Donned (dond); Donning.]
To put on ; to invest one's self with ; — opposed
torfo^

Do'nate i.do'nat), v. t. To give ; to bestow ; to pre-
sent.— Do'nor (-nor), ! Do-na'tor(do-na'tor). n.
A giver. — Do-nee' (do-ne'), re. One to whom
a donation is given. — Do-na'tion (-na'shun), n.
Act of giving or thing given ; a gift ; a grant ;
a legal transfer to another of the title to any-
thing, without consideration. — Don'a-tive
(d5n'a-tlv), re. A gift ; a gratuity ; a present. —
a. Vested or vesting by donation.

Done (dun), p. p. from Do, v.

Do-nee', n. See under Donate.

Don'key (don'ky), n. ; pi. Donkeys (-kTz). An
ass, or mule ; a stupid or an obstinate fellow. —
Donkey engine. A small assistant engine.

Do'nor, re. See under Donate, v. t.

Doom (doom), re. Sentence; judgment; fate.—
v. t. [Doomed (dobmd) ; Dooming.] To pro-
nounce sentence on ; to condemn ; to destine. —
Dooms'day' (dobmz'da7), re. Day of judgment.

Door (dor), re. A gate of a house ; entrance ; ac-
cess. — Door'keep'er (dor'kep'er), re. A por-
ter ; janitor. —Door'way' (-waV), re. Passage
of a door ; entrance.

Dor (d6r), re. The black beetle ; hedge-chafer.

Do'ri-an (do'rT-an), Dor'ic (dSr'Tk), n. Pertain-
ing to Doris, or the Do-
rian race, in ancient
Greece ; also, to an order
of architecture, between
the Tuscan and Ionic.

Dor'mant (d6r'mant), a.
Sleeping; quiescent ;
not disclosed or insisted
on. — Dor'man-cy
(-raan-sj), a. State of
being dormant.

Dor'mer (dSr'mer), re.,
Dormer window. An
upright window on the
inclined roof of a house.

Dor'mi-to-ry ( d6r ' ml - to - ry" )
place ; a bedroom.

Dor'mouse (dor'mous), n
A small rodent main-

A sleeping
pi. Dormice (-mis).

Dormouse.

mal which lives on
trees like the squir-
rel, and is torpid
during the winter.

Dor'sal (d6r'sol), a.
Pertaining to the
back.

Do'ry (do'ry), ?j. A
fish of the perch
kind.

Do'ry (do'ry), re. A
small boat, having a
flat bottom and sharp prow.

Dose (dos), re. Quantity of medicine given at
one time; anything nauseous. —v. t. [Dosed
(dost); Dosing.] To form into, or give in,
doses.

Dos'sil (dos'sil), re. A pledget of lint.

Dost (dust), 'Id pers. sing. pres. of Do, v.

Dot (dot), re. A small point or spot. —v. t. & i.
[Dotted ; Dotting.] To mark with dots.

Dot (dot), n. A marriage portion ; dowry. [Lou-
isia?}a] — Do'tal (do't'/l), a. Pertaining to
dower. — Do-ta'tion (do-ta'shun), re. Endow-
ment.

Dote (dot), v. i. [Doted ; Doting.] To become
silly from age or from love. — Dot'er (-er), re.
— Do'tard (do'terd), n. A man whose mind is
impaired by age. — Do'tage (-taj), re. Childish-
ness or imbecility from age ; senility ; weak and
foolish affection.

Doth (duth). 3'/ pers. sirip. pres. of Do, v.

Dot'tard (dot'terd), n. A decayed tree.

Dot'ter-el (dot'ter-el), n. A wading bird of the
Plover family; a silly fellow ; a dupe; a gull.

Don'ble (dub''l), a. Twofold; multiplied by
two; in pairs; deceitful. — adv. Twice; two-
fold. — v. t. [Doubled (-'Id); Doubling
(-ling).] To fold ; to make twofold ; to pass
around or by (a headland, etc.). — v. i. To in-
crease to twice as much; to return upon one's
track. — n. Twice as much ; a fold ; plait ;

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, uru, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, ttien, thin.

DOUBLER

126

DRAIN

trick ; artifice ; counterpart. — Dou'bler (dub'-
ler), n. — Dou'ble-ness, n. — Dou'bly, adv. —
Double dealer. One who acts two different
parts ; a deceitful, trickish person. — Double
dealing. Artifice ; duplicity.

Doub'let (dSl/lSt), n. A pair ; a couple ; a waist-
coat ; pi. two dice showing the same number.

Doub-loon/ (dub-loon'), n. A Spanish and Por-
tuguese gold coin, worth about §15.60.

DOUbt (dout), v. i. To be in suspense ; to hesitate ;
to question. — v. t. To distrust ; to suspect. —
n. Uncertainty ; suspense ; fear ; apprehension ;
dread. — Doubt'er (-er), n. — Doubt'ful (-ful),
a. Uncertain ; dubious ; equivocal ; ambiguous ;
questionable ; hazardous. — Doubt'ful-ly, adv.

— Doubt'ful-ness, n. — Doubtless (-les), adv.
Without doubt or question ; unquestionably.

EDou'ceur' (doo/ser/), n. A gift ; a bribe.

Douche (dobsh), n. A jet of water or vapor di-
rected upon some part of the body ; a syringe.

Dough (do), n. Unbaked paste of bread. —
Dough'y (do'y), a. Like dough; soft and
heavy ; flabby ; crude. — DOUgh'nut (do'nut),
n. A cake fried in lard.

Dougb/ty (dou'ty), a. Brave ; redoubtable.

Douse (dous), v. 1. & i. [Doused (doust) ; Dous-
ing.] To plunge into water ; to duck ; to dowse.

Dove (duv), n. A bird of the Pigeon family,
Dove'cot' (duv'k5f), Dove'-
COte7 (-kot/), n. A place for
pigeons to roost, breed, etc.

Dove/tail/ (duv'tal'). n. A joint
made by letting one piece, in
the form of a dove's tail spread,
into a corresponding cavity in
another, so that it can not be
drawn out. — v. t. [Dovetailed
(-taldO ; Dovetailing.] To join
tightly.

Dow'a-ble (dou'a-b'l), a. Enti-
tled to dower.

Dow'a-ger (dou'a-jer), n. A
widow endowed, or having a
jointure ; a title given to an Eng- Dovetails.
lish widow, to distinguish her
from the wife of a son having the same name

Dow'dy (dou'dy), a. Awkward ; ill
dressed ; vulgar-looking ; slovenly.

— n. An inelegant woman. —
Dow'dy-ish (-tsh), a. Like a dow-
dy-

Dow'el (dou'Sl), n. A wooden or
metallic pin or block fitting into the
abutting faces of two pieces, to hold
them in position, —v. t. [Doweled
(-61d) or Dowelled ; Doweling or
Dowelling.] To fasten together by
dowels.

Dow'er (dou'er), n. Endowment ;
gift ; property with which a woman
is endowed, or to which a wife is entitled on her
husband's death. — Dow'ered (-erd), a. Fur-
nished with dower, or a portion. — Dow'er-less
(-er-les), a. Destitute of dower. — Dow'ry
(dou'ry), n. Gift ; property which a wife brings
her husband in marriage.

Dow'las (dou'12s),n. Coarse linen cloth.

Down (doun), n. Fine hairy outgrowth from the
skin of animals or plants. — Down'y (-y), a.
Covered with down ; made of, or like, down ;
soft ; calm ; quiet.

geon iamny. —

m

Dowel.

Down (doun), n. A bank of sand near the shore
a tract of sandy, barren land ; pi. a road for
shipping.

Down (doun), adv. In a descending direction ;
below ; on the ground, —prep. Along a de-
scent. — a. Downcast ; dejected ; downright ;
plain ; flat ; absolute ; positive. — Down'casf
(doun'kast/), a. Cast downward ; directed to
the ground ; dejected. — n. Melancholy look;
a ventilating shaft in a mine, drawing air down-
ward. — Down'tall' (-fal'), n. A descent from
rank, reputation, happiness, etc. ; destruction ;
ruin. — Downfall' en (-fal"n), a. Fallen; ru-
ined. — Down'heart'ed (-hart'ed), a. Dejected
in spirits. — Down'hill' (-hil'), n. Declivity ;
descent; slope. — a. Descending ; sloping. —
Down'right' (-rlt/), adv. Straight down ; per-
pendicularly ; in plain terms ; absolutely. — a.
Plain ; unceremonious ; blunt ; absolute ; un-
mixed. — Downward (-werd), Down'wards
(-werdz), adv. From a higher place to a lower.

— Down'waid, a. Descending.

Down'y (doun'^), a. Covered with down ; soft.

Dow'ry, n. See under Dower.

Dowse (dous), v. t. See Douse.

Dox-ol'O-gy (d5ks-51'o-jy), n. A short hymn of

praise to God.
Doze (doz), v. i. [Dozed (dozd) ; Dozing.] To

slumber ; to sleep lightly. — Doz'y (doz'y), a.

Drowsy; sleepy; sluggish. — Doz'i-ness, n.
Doz'en (duz''n), n. & a. Twelve.
Drab (drSb), n. Thick woolen cloth of dull color ;

a dull brownish color. — a. Of a dun color.
DraVble (drSt/b'l), v. t. To draggle ; to befoul.
Drachm (dr5m), Drach'ma (drSk'ma), n. A

weight ; a dram.

Draff (draf), n. Refuse; lees; dregs. — Draff'y
(draf^), a. Waste ; worthless.

Draft (draft), n. Act of drawing ; a selection of
men for military or other service ; an order for
the payment of money ; a draught, sketch, or
outline ; the depth of water necessary to float
a ship; a current of air. See Draught. —v.
t. To draw ; to outline ; to select ; to detach.

— Drafts'man ( drafts ' man ), n. Same as
Draughtsman.

Drag (drag), v. t. [Dragged (dragd) ; Drag-
ging.] To draw by force ; to pull; to haul.—
v . i. To be drawn along ; to move heavily or
slowly ; to fish with a drag. — n. A net, to be
drawn under water ; a sledge for heavy bodies ;
a coach with outside seats.

Drag'gle (drSg'g'l), v. t. & i. To drag on the
ground ; to drabble.

Drag'0-man (drag'o-man), n. ; pi. Dragomans
(-manz). An Oriental interpreter.

Drag'on (drSg'un). n. A fabulous winged ser-
pent or lizard. — Drag'on-et (-et), n. A little
dragon ; a fish of
the Goby family.

— Dragon fly.
An insectivorous
insect; a mosquito
hawk.

Dra-goon' (dra-goon'),
n. A mounted soldier ;
a cavalryman. — v. t.
[Dragooned (-goond');
[Dragooning.] To re-
duce to subjection ; to persecute ; to harass.

Drain ( dran ), r. t. & i. [Drained ( drand ) ;

Dragon Fly.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; &, e, i, 6, u, f , short , senate, event, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DRAINAGE

127

DRIFT

Draining.] To draw off gradually ; to exhaust.
— n. A draining ; a sewer ; exhaustion. —
Drain'age (-aj), n. A draining; a system of
drains.

Drake (drak), n. A male duck.

Dram (dram), n. A weight; — in Apothecaries'1
weight £ ounce, or 60 grains; — in Avoirdupois
weight fe ounce, or 27 grains ; a minute quan-
tity ; a glass of spirits or of poison.

Dra'ma (dra'ma or dra'ma), n. A theatrical com-
position; a tragedy; a comedy; a play. — Dra-
matic (dra-mat/ik), Dra-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a drama. — Dra-
mat'ic-al-ly, adv. — Dram'a-tist (dram'a-tlst),
n. Author of a dramatic composition. — Dram'-
a-tize (-tiz), v. t. To represent in a drama.

Drank, imp. & p. p. of Drink.

llDrap d'e-te' (dra7 da-ta'), n. A thin woolen fab-
ric, twilled like merino.

Drape (drap), v. t. [Draped (drapt) ; Draping.]
To cover or adorn with drapery. — Dra'per
(dra'per), n. A dealer iu cloths. — Dra'per-y
(-y), n. Cloth ; garments ; hangings.

Dras'tiC (drSs'tTk), a. Acting with strength or
violence ; powerful. — n. A violent purgative.

Draught (draft), n. Act of drawing or pulling, of
moving loads, of drinking, etc. ; a detachment ;
a representation ; a sketch ; an outline ; an order
for payment of money ; a draft ; a current of
air ; a depth of water ; pi. a game played on a
checkered board ; checkers.— a. Used for draw-
ing; drawn from the barrel. —v. t. To draw
out ; to call forth. — Draughts'man (drafts-
man), n. One who draws writings or designs.

Draw (dra), v. t. & i. [imp. Drew (dm) ; p. p.
Drawn (dran) ; p. pr. Drawing.] To drag ;
to pull ; to entice ; to delineate ; to take out ;
to inhale ; to extend ; to produce ; to require a
depth of (water, etc.), in order to float. — n.
Act of drawing ; draught ; movable part of a
drawbridge. — -Draw'er (draper), n. One who,
or that which, draws (pictures, liquor for cus-
tomers, a bill of exchange, etc.) ; thing drawn ;
a sliding receptacle in a case; pi. an under-
garment for the legs. — Draw-ee' (dra-e'), n.
A person on whom an order or bill is drawn.
— Draw'ing, n. Act of pulling or attracting ; a
delineation ; a picture ; a distribution of prizes
in a lottery, etc. — Draw'back' (dra'bak'), n.
A hindrance ; loss of advantage ; money re-
funded. — Drawbridge7 (-brlj/), n. A bridge

Drawbridge.

which may be raised, lowered, or turned aside,
to admit or hinder communication.
Drawing-room7 (dra'ing-room'), n. A room for
the reception of company, or to which company

withdraws from the dining-room ; company as-
sembled ; reception of company.

Drawl (dral), v. t. & i. [Drawled (drald) ;
Drawling.] To speak in a slow, lengthened
tone. — n. Lengthened utterance of the voice.

Dray (dra), n. A low cart. — Dray'age (dra'fij),
n. Use of a dray ; payment for such use. —
Dray'man (-man), n. Driver of a dray.

Dread (drgd), v. t. & i. To fear greatly. — n.
Fear ; awe ; terror ; dismay ; apprehension. —
a. Exciting fear or awe ; terrible ; venerable.

— Dread'ful (drgd'ful), a. Inspiring dread;
fearful ; shocking ; inspiring awe or reverence.

— Dread'ful-ly, adv. — Dread'ful-ness, n. —
Dread'naughf (-uat'), n. A fearless person ;
a garment made of very thick cloth, proof
against storm and cold ; the cloth itself.

Dream (drem), n. A sleeping vision ; a reverie ;
a vagary. — v. i. & I. [Dreamed (dremd) or
Dreamt (drgmt) ; Dreaming.] To think in
sleep ; to fancy ; to imagine. — Dream'er (-er),
n. — Dream'y (-y), a. Full of dreams; appro-
priate to dreams ; visionary.

Drear (drer), Drear'y (-^), a. Sorrowful ; com-
fortless ; dismal ; gloomy. — Drear'i-ly, adv. —
Drear'i-ness, n.

Dredge (drej), n. An instrument to gather by
dragging; a machine for taking up mud, etc.,
from the bed of a stream ; fine mineral matter
suspended in water. — v. t. [Dredged (drgjd) ;
Dredging.] To catch, gather, or deepen with
a dredge. — Dredg'er (-er), n. One who fishes
with a dredge ; a dredging machine. — Dredg-
ing machine. An engine to take mud from
the bottom of rivers, docks, etc.

Dredge (drej), n. A mixture of oats and barley.

— v..t. To sift or sprinkle (flour, etc.), on roast-
ing meat, etc. — Dredg'er, n. A box with per-
forated lid, for sprinkling flour, etc.

Dreg (drgg), n. Corrupt matter in a liquid ; lees ;
sediment; refuse. — Dreg'gish (drgg'gTsh),
Dreg'gy (-gf), a. Containing dregs ; foul ; fec-
ulent. — Dreg'gi-ness, n.

Drench (drgnch), v. I. [Drenched (drSncht) ;
Drenching.] To wet thoroughly ; to dose. — n.
A drink ; a medicine that causes purging.

Dress (dres), v. t. [Dressed (drestS ; Dressing.]
To make straight ; to arrange (soldiers) in a
straight line ; to adjust ; to clothe ; to deck ; to
cook ; to cover (a wound), — v.i. To array one's
self ; to put on clothes. — n. Garments; apparel;
a lady's gown. — Dress'er, n. One who dresses,
puts in order, prepares for use, dresses wounds,
etc. ; a cupboard for food, dishes, etc. — Dress'-
ing, n. Dress ; raiment ; application to a sore ;
preparation to fit food for eating ; stuffing ;
manure. — Dress'y (-y)> a. Attentive to, or
showy in, dress. — Dress coat. A coat with
skirts behind only. — Dress goods. Fabrics for
women's gowns. — Dress'mak'er (-ma'ker), n.
A maker of gowns, etc. ; a mantua maker.

Drib'ble (drlb'b'l), v. i. [Dribbled (-b'ld);
Dribbling.] To fall in drops ; to slaver, —v. L
To throw down in drops. — DriVblet (-blgt),
Drib'let (-let), n. A small piece, part, or sum.

Dri'er (drl'er), n. One who, or that which, dries.

Drift (drift), n. A driving ; direction in which
anything is driven ; tendency ; aim ; purport ;
design ; a tool for forcing or shaping holes in
metal, etc. ; a miner's passage underground.—
v. i. & t. To drive ; to form in heaps.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cuair, go, siug, ink, tnen, tbin.

DRILL

128

DRUDGERY

Drill (dril), v. t. [Drilled (drlld) ; Drilling.]
To pierce ; to bore ; to perforate ; to train (sol-
diers, etct) ; to discipline. — v. i. To train (one's
self). —7i. A pointed instrument for piercing or
boring ; training of (soldiers, etc.) ; exercise. —
Drill'ing, re. Perforation with a drill ; training
by repeated exercises. — Drill'master (-mas'-
ter), re. A teacher of drill or gymnastic exer-
cises. — Drill press. A machine for drilling
holes in metal.

Drill Press.

Drill (dril), v. i. & t. To sow (seeds) in drills or
furrows. —re. An implement for making holes
and planting seeds in them ; a furrow to plant
Beeds in ; a row of planted seeds. — Drill'ing,
re. Sowing of seeds with a drill.

Drill (dril), re. A large African baboon.

Drill'ing (drlllng), re. Heavy twilled linen or
cotton fabric.

Drink (drink), v. i. & t. [imp. Drank (drank),
formerly Drdnk (drunk) ; p.p. Drunk, Drunk-
en (-'n) ; p. pr. Drinking.] To swallow or im-
bibe (liquor). — re. Liquid to be swallowed ;
intoxicating liquor. — Drink'er, re. — Drink'-
a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being drunk ; fit
to be drunk.

Drip (drip), v. i. '[Dripped (drlpt) ; Dripping.]
To fall in drops. — v. t. To let fall in drops. —
re. A falling in drops ; the edge of a roof ; eaves.
— Drip'ping (-ping), re. That which falls in
drops ; the sound made thereby ; fat falling
from roasting meat.

Drive (driv), v. t. [imp. Drove (drov); p. p.
Driven (drlv"n) ; p. pr. Driving.] To push
forward ; to compel ; to chase ; to direct the
motions of (a vehicle or beasts drawing it). —
v. i. To rush onward ; to be impelled. — re.
A ride in a carriage ; a road. — Driv'er, n.

Driv'el (drlv''l), v. i. [Driveled (-'Id) or Driv-
elled ; Driveling or Drivelling.] To let spit-
tle flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or
dotard; to dote. — re. Slaver; unmeaning ut-
terance ; nonsense. — DriV'el-er (-er), re. A
slaverer ; an idiot ; a fool.

Driz'zle (drlz'z'l), v. i. To rain gently ; to fall in
small drops, — v. t. To shed in minute parti-
cles, —re. Fine rain or mist ; mizzle. — Driz'-
Zly (-zlj?), a. Shedding small rain ; drizzling.

Droll (drol), a. Comical ; odd ; queer ; ludicrous.

— n. A jester ; a buffoon ; a farce. — Droll'er-y

(-er-y), re. Fun ; buffoonery.
Drom'e-da-ry (drum'e - da - ry ), re. The Arabian

camel, having but one hump on its back.

Dromedary.

Drone (dron), re. The male of the honeybee ; a
lazy, idle fellow ; sluggard ; a humming, low,
monotonous sound. — v. i. [Droned (drond) ;
DroningJ To live in idleness ; to hum.

Drool (drool), v. i. To drivel or drop saliva.

Droop (droop), v. i. [Drooped (drobpt) ; Droop-
ing.] To sink or hang down, from weakness;
to flag ; to languish ; to decline.

Drop (dr5p), re. The quantity of fluid which falls
in one small spherical mass ; a globule ; anything
arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an eleva-
ted position ; a pendant. — v. i. & I. [Dropped
(dr5pt) ; Dropping.] To fall or let fall.

Drop'sy (drfip'sy), re. Morbid collection of water
in the body. — Drop'si-cal (-sT-kal), a. Of,
pertaining to, or diseased with, dropsy. — Drop'-
si-cal-ness, re.

Dros'ky (drSs'kjr), re. A Russian low four-
wheeled carriage without a top. [Written also
droitzschka and droschke. ]

Dross (dros), re. The scum of metals thrown off
in melting ; waste ; refuse. — Dross'y (-^), a.
Composed of, resembling, or pertaining to,
dross ; impure ; worthless. — Dross'i-ness. n.

Drought (drout), re. Dry weather ; thirst. —
Drought'y (-y), a. Characterized by drought ;
wanting rain ; dry ; arid ; thirsty. — Drought'-
i-ness, re. —Drouth (drouth), re. Drought.

Drove (drov), imp. of Drive. — n. A collection
of cattle driven. — Dro'ver (dio'ver), re.

Drown (droun), v. t. [Drowned (dround);
Drowning.] To overwhelm in water ; to suo-
merge ; to deluge ; to sink under water till dead.

— v. i. To be suffocated in fluid.

Drowse (drouz), v. i. To grow heavy with sleep.

— re. Slight or imperfect sleep ; doze. — Drow'-
sy (drou'zy), a. Inclined to doze; heavy with
sleep ; dull ; stupid. — Drow'si-ly, adv. —
Drow'si-ness, n.

Drub (drub), v. t. [Drubbed (driibd) ; Drubbing.]
To beat with a stick ; to thrash ; to cudgel ; to
thump. — re. A blow ; a thump. — Drub'ber
(-ber), n. — Drub'bing, n. A beating.

Drudge (drOj), v. i. [Drudged (drfijd) ; Drudg-
ing.] To work hard ; to labor in mean offices
with toil and fatigue.—??. One who drudges.

— Drudg'er (-er), ?i. — Drudg'er-y (-er-y), re.
Hard or ignoble toil.

a. e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, Unite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

DRUG

129

DUN

Drug (drug), n. Any substance used in compo-
sition of medicine, or in dyeing or in chemical
operations ; a commodity that lies on hand, or
is not salable. — v. i. [Drugged (drugd) ; Drug-
ging.] To prescribe or administer drugs. — v. t.
To affect or season with drugs, or with some-
thing injurious , to dose to excess — Drtig'gist
(-gist), n. A dealer in drugs ; an apothecary.

Drug'get (drug'ggt), n. Coarse, woolen cloth,
generally used over carpets.

Dru'id (dru'Td), n. An ancient Celtic priest. —
Dru'id-ess, n. A female Druid. — Dru-id'ic
(dru-Td'Ik), Dru-id'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, or resembling, Druids or their religion.

— Dru'id-ism (dru'Td-Tz'm), n. The system
tauglit by the Druids.

Drum (drum), n. An instrument of music, hav-
ing heads of stretched vellum,
to be beaten with a stick ; a
tympanum of the ear , a cylinder
revolving on an axis, for turning
wheels ; a fish which makes a \,
drumming or grunting sound
tinder water ; a kettle drum, or
tea party. — v. i. [Drummed
(drumd) ; Drumming.] To beat
on a drum, or with the fingers,
as with drumsticks ; to throb ;
to gather recruits, customers,
etc. — v. t. To execute (a tune) on a drum;
(with out) to expel ignominiously ; (with up) to
assemble; to summon; to muster. — Drum'mer,
n. — Drum/Stick/ (-stTk'), n. A stick with which
a drum is beaten ; upper joint of a fowl's leg.

— Drum major. Chief drummer of a regiment.
Drunk (drunk), a. Intoxicated ; inebriated. — •

Drunk'ard (-erd), n. One who drinks to ex-
cess ; a sot. — Drunk/en (-'n), a. Drunk ; pro-
ceeding from intoxication. — Drunk'en-ness. n.

Drupe (drup), n. A fruit without valves, con-
taining a nut or stone with a kernel. — Dru-pa'-
ceous ( dru - pa ' shus ), Drup'al ( drup' «1 ), a.
Producing, pertaining to, or like, drupes.

Dry(dri), a. [Dbd3r (dri'er); Driest.] Having
no moisture ; thirsty ; plain ; uninteresting ;
shrewd; sharp. — v. t. & i. [Drd3d (drid);
Drying.] To make or grow dry ; to evaporate. —
Dry'ly, adv. — Dry'ness, n. — Dri'er (dri'er),
n. One who, or that which, dries. — Dry'ing,
a. Quickly exhausting or losing moisture. —
Dry goods. Textile fabrics, as distinguished
from groceries. — Dry nurse. A nurse who
brings up a child by hand.

Dry'ad (dri'Sd), n. A wood nymph.

Du'ad (du'ad), n. Union of two; duality.—
Du'al (-al), a. Expressing, consisting of, or
belonging to, two. — D U'al- ism (-Tz'm), n.
State of being twofold ; twofold division or dis-
tinction. — Du-al'i-ty (du-all-ty), n. Division ;
state or quality of being two.

Du'a-lin (du'a-1'fn), n. An explosive preparation
of wood pulp, nitroglycerin, etc., less powerful
than dynamite.

Dub (dub), v. t. [Dubbed (dubd); Dubbing.]
To confer (a title) upon ; to call.

Du'Di-ous (du'bi-fis), a. Not settled ; doubtful ;
undetermined; ambiguous; precarious. — Du'-
bi-ous-ly, adv. — Dulii-ous-ness, n.

Du'cal (duHiol), a. Pertaining to a duke.

Duc'at (duk'St), n. A European coin, silver or
gold, struck in the dominions of a duke.

Duch'ess (duch'es), n. The wife of a duke ; a
female sovereign of a duchy.

Duch'y (duch'y), n. A dukedom.

Duck (duk), n. Coarse cloth or light canvas,
used for clothing, sails, sacking of beds, etc.

Duck (duk), v. t. & i. To plunge under water ;
to dip ; to bow. — n. A waterfowl ; bobbing of
the head. — Duck'ling, n. A young duck.

Duck (duk), n. A pet ; darling.

Duct (dukt), n A tube ; canal ; passage.

Duc'tile (duk'til), a. Easily led or drawn out ;
flexible ; pliable ; extensible ; compliant. — Duc'-
tile-ness, Duc-til'i-ty (duk-ttl'I-ty), n. Quality
of being ductile ; flexibility ; pliableness.

Dud-een' (dud-en'), n. A short tobacco pipe.

Dudg'eon (duj'un), n. The root of the box tree ;
the hilt of a dagger ; a small dagger.

Dudg'eon (duj'un), n. Anger ; resentment.

Duds (diidz), n. pi. Old clothes ; belongings.

Due (du), a. Owed ; proper to be paid or done to
another ; suitable ; fit ; liable to come at any
moment ; occasioned, —adv. Directly ; exactly ;
duly. — n. That which is owed; debt; right;
claim. — Du'ly (du'ly), adv. — Due'bill' (-biP),
n. A written acknowledgment of a debt.

Du'el (du'el), n. A combat between two per-
sons. — v. t. & i. To fight in single combat. —
Du'el-ist (-ist), n. One who fights in single
combat. — HDu-el'lo(du-el'lo), n. A duel ; prac-
tice of dueling, or code which regulates it.

Du-en'na (du-en'na), n. An elderly lady in
charge of young ladies in a Spanish or Portu-
guese family ; a governess.

Du-et' (du-et/), n. A musical composition for
two performers.

Dug, imp. & p. p. of Dig.

Duke (duk), n. A nobleman of the highest rank.

— Duke'dom (-dum), n. Estate, title, or rank
of a duke.

Dul'cet (dul'set), a. Sweet ; harmonious.

Dul'ci-mer (dul'sT-mer), n. A stringed musical
instrument, played on with little hammers.

Dull (dul), a. Stupid ; slow ; blunt ; obtuse ;
cloudy. — v. t. [Dulled (duld) ; Dulling.] To
blunt ; to stupefy ; to dim. — v. i. To become
blunt or stupid. — Dull'ness. n. — Dul'ly, adv.

— Dull'ard(-erd), n. A stupid person ; a dunce.
Du'ly, adv. See under Due.

Dumb (dum), a. Not able or willing to speak ;

mute; silent; speechless. — Dumb'ly, adv. —

Dumb'ness, n. — DumV-bells' (-bels'), n. A

pair of heavy spheres, con- ^\ 1 \

nected by a bar, for swing- g^M

ing in the hands. — Dumb firSK

Show. Gesture without

words; pantomime.
Dum'my (dum'my), n. One

who is dumb ; sham package

or figure exhibited in shops ;

a noiseless locomotive ; the

fourth or exposed hand when three persons

play at cards. — a. Silent ; sham.
Dump (dump), n. A gloomy state of the mind ;

melancholy ; despondency ; — usually in the pi.

— Dumpish, a. Dull ; moping ; melancholy.
Dump (dump), v. t. [Dumped (dumt) ; Dumping.]

To unload from a cart by tilting it up. — n. A
vehicle or place for refuse ; matter dumped.

Dump'ling (dump'llng), n. A kind of pudding.

Dump'y (dump'y), a. Short and thick.

Dun (dun), a. Of a dark color ; gloomy.

Dumb-bells.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cuair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

DUN

130

EARNEST

Dun (d&n), v. t. To cure (codfish) by piling
them, when salted, in a dark place.

Dun (dun), v. t. & i. [Dunned (dund) ; Dun-
ning.] To urge for payment of a debt. — n.
An urgent creditor ; demand for payment.

Dunce (duns), n. One without learning or weak
in intellect ; a blocKhead ; a simpleton.

Dun'geon (dim'jiin), n. A dark, close prison.

Du'O (du'o), n. A duet.

Du o-dec'i-mal (du'o-dSs'T-mal), a. Proceeding
in computation by twelves. — n. pi. Multiplica-
tion in which the denominations proceed by
twelves. — Du 0-dec'i-mo (-mo), a. Formed of
sheets folded so as to make twelve leaves. — n.
A book thus folded, or the size of such a book ;

— usually written 12mo. or 12°
||Du/0-de/num (du'o-de'nfim), n. The first of the

small intestines.

Dupe (dup), n. One duped or misled ; a gull. —
v. t. [Duped (dupt) ; Duping.] To deceive ;
to trick ; to mislead.

Du'ple (du'p'l), HDu'plex (du'plSks), a. Double ;
twofold. — Du'pli-Cate (-plT-kat), a. Double;
twofold. — n. An exact copy ; a counterpart. —
v. t. To double ; to copy ; to divide into two. —
Da pli-ca'tion (-ka'shun), Du'pli-ca-ture (du'-
plT-ka-tur), n. A doubling ; a fold.

Du-pliC'i-ty ( au-plis'T-ty ), n. Doubleness of
heart, speech, or dealing ; deceit ; deception.

Du'ra-Dle (du'ra-b'l), a. Lasting ; permanent ;
firm; constant. — Du'ra-bil'i-ty (-bilT-ty),
Du'ra-ble-ness, n. — Du'ra-bly (-brp), adv.

DUT'ance (dur'ans), n. Continuance ; duration ;
imprisonment ; duress. — Du-ra'tion (du-ra'-
shun), n. Quality of enduring ; continuance.

Du'ress (du'res or du-reV), n. Hardship ; con-
straint ; imprisonment.

Dux'ing (during), prep. In the time of ; as long
as.

Durst, imp. of Dare.

Dusk (dusk), a. Tending to blackness ; darkish.

— n. Imperfect obscurity ; twilight ; color par-
tially or dark. — Dusk'y" (-f), a. Partially dark ;
gloomy. — Dusk'i-ly, adv. — Dusk'i-ness, n.

Dust (dust), n. Fine dry particles of earth;
powder ; the grave. — v . I. To free from dust ;
to sprinkle with dust. — Dust'er, re. One who
dusts ; a brush or utensil for dusting ; an over-
garment to exclude dust from the clothine. —
Dust'y (-f), a. Filled or covered with dust;
like dust. — Dust'i-ness, n.

! Dutch (duch), a. Pertaining to Holland, its in-
habitants, or their language. — n. The people
or language of Holland.

Du'ty (du'tjf), n. That which is due ; obligation ;
obedience ; respect ; tax or customs. — Du'te-
OUS (-te-us), a. Performing what is due ; obe-
dient. — Du'te-ous-ly, adv. — Du'te-ous-ness,
n. — Du'ti-a-ble (-tl-a-b'l), a. Subject to the
payment of duty. — Du'ti-ful (-ful), a. Du-
teous ; reverential ; submissive ; respectful. —
Du'ti-ful-ly, adv. — Du'ti-f ul-ness, n.

Dwarf (dwarf), n. An animal or plant below the
common "size. — v. t. [Dwarfed ( dwarft ) ;
Dwarfing.] To hinder from growing ; to stunt.

— Dwarfish., a. Like a dwarf ; very small.
Dwell (dwgl), v. i. [Dwelled (dwgld), usually

contr. Dwelt (dwSlt) ; Dwelling.] To reside ;
to continue ; to stay ; to remain. — Dwell'er, n.
An inhabitant ; a resident. — Dwelling, n. A
habitation ; an abode ; a domicile.
Dwin'dle (dwln'd'l), v. i. To diminish ; to waste
I away. — n. Process of dwindling ; decline.
I Dye (di), v. t. [Dyed (did) ; Dyeing.] To stain ;
I to color. — n. Coloring matter ; tinge. — Dy'ei,
I n. One who dyes cloth, etc.
Dy'lng (di'Tng), a. About to die ; pertaining to
| death or to the hour of death.
Dyke, n. See Dike.
Dy-nam'ic (dt - nSm ' Tk or dT-), Dy-nam'lc-al

(-T-kal), a. Pertaining: to strength or power, or
to dynamics. — Dy-nam'ics (-Tks), n. Science
of force and motion.

Dy'na-mite (dl'na-mit or dTn'a-), n. An explo-
sive preparation of nitroglycerine absorbed by
infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. — Dy'lia-mi'tor
(-mi'ter), n. One who uses dynamite, esp. to
destroy life or property.

Dy'na-mO (di'na-mo or dTn'a-), n. A dynamo-
electric machine. — Dy'na-mo-e-lec'trlc (-e-
lgk'tnk), a. Pertaining to the development of
electricity; producing electrical currents by
mechanical power.

Dyrnas-ty (di'nas-t^ or dln'as-t^), n. Sover-
eignty ; a race of kings, of one family, who gov-
ern a particular country. — Dy-nas'tic (d t-nas'-
ttk or d!-), a. Relating to a dynasty.

Dys-pep'sl-a (dTs-pgp'sT-a or -sha), Dys-pep'sy
(-s^), n. Disturbance of the stomach ; difficulty
of digestion. — - Dys-pep'tic (-tik), a. Afflicted
with, pertaining to, or consisting in, dyspepsia.

— re. One afflicted with dyspepsia.

E.

Each (ech), a. or a. pron. Every one of a number
considered separately.

Ea'ger (e'ger), a. Keenly desirous ; ardent ; ear-
nest — Ea'ger-ly, adv. — Ea'ger-ness, n

Ea'gle (e'g'l), n. A rapacious bird of the Falcon
family ; a gold coin of the United States, worth
$10 ; a Roman or French standard. — Ea'glet
(e'glSt), n. A young eagle.

Ear (er), n. The organ or sense of hearing ; atten-
tion ; heed ; sense of melody. — Ear'less, a.
Without ears ; deaf. — Ear'mark' (-mark/), n.
A mark (on an animal's ear) for identification ;
a distinguishing mark. — v. t. To mark (slieep,
cattle, etc.) by slitting the ear. — Ear ' ring '

(-rTng'), n. A ring worn, hanging from the ear,
as an ornament. — Ear'shot' (-shot/), n. The
distance at which words may be heard.

Ear (er), n. A spike of grain, containing the ker-
nels. — v. i. To form ears (of corn).

Earl (erl), n. An English nobleman ranking be-
low a marquis. — Earl'dom (erl'dum), n. The
jurisdiction or dignity of an earl.

Ear'ly (er'ly), a. Forward ; timely ; not late. —
adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes.

Earn (ern), v. t. [Earned (ernd); Earning.]
To merit or acquire by service or performance.
— Earn'ing, n. Money earned; wages.

Ear'nest (er'ngst), n. Seriousness; reality;

St «, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, Obey, Chute, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

EAKNESTLY

131

ECONOMICS

eagerness; determination. — a. Eager; zeal-
ous ; ardent ; importunate ; hearty. — Ear'-
nest-ly, adv. — Ear'nest-ness, n.

Ear'nest (er'nest), n. A pledge given as assur-
ance of intention ; a token. — Earnest money.
Money paid to bind a bargain or ratify a sale.

Earth (erth), n. The world, or planet we inhabit ;
dwelling place of mortals ; solid material con-
stituting the globe ; land ; country. — v. t. & i.
[Earthed (ertht) ; Earthing.] To hide in the
earth ; to bury. — Earth'en (erth''n), a. Made
of earth, baked clay , etc. — Earth'y , a. C onsist-
ing of, or relating to, earth ; terrestrial ; gross.
— Earth'i-ness, n. — Earth'ly (-ly), a. Per-
taining to earth ; carnal ; mean ; groveling.

Earth/ling, n. A mortal.

Earthquake7 (erth'kwak/), n. A shaking or
trembling of the earth.

Earth'worm' ( erth ' wtirm ' ), n. The common
worm found in the soil, without legs or append-
ages ; an angleworm.

Ear'wax' (er'waks'), n. Cerumen; a thick sub-
stance secreted in the ear.

Ear'wig' (er'wlg'), n. An insect vulgarly sup-
posed to creep into the ear.

Ease (ez), n. Freedom from pain, trouble, etc. :
quiet; repose; facility; readiness. — v. t. & i.
[Eased (ezd) ; Easing.] To quiet ; to mitigate ;
to calm. — Eas'y (ez'y), a. Free from pain,
care, difficulty, etc. ; quiet ; tranquil ; secure ;
calm. — Eas'i-ly, adv. — Eas ' i - ness, n. —
Ease'ment (-ment), n. A relief ; an accommo-
dation ; a privilege.

Ea'sel (e'z'l), n. A frame to support a painter's
picture.

East ( est ), n. Point
where the sun rises;
eastern parts of the
earth ; orient. — a.
Toward or from the
rising sun. — adv.
Eastward. — v. I. To
move toward the
east ; to orientate. —
East'er-ly (esfer-ly),
a. Coming from the
eastward ; situated or
moving toward the
east. — adv. Toward
the east. — East'ern
(-em), a. Situated or dwelling in, or moving
toward, the east. — East/ward (-werd), adv.
Toward the east.

Eas'ter (es'ter), n. The festival of Christ's resur-
rection.

Eas'y, a. See under Ease, n.

Eat (et), v. t. & i. [imp. Ate (at), obsolescent &
colloq. Eat (et) ; p. p. Eaten (efn), obs. or
colloq. Eat (et) ; p. pr. Eating.] To chew and
swallow ; to consume ; to devour ; to gnaw ; to
corrode. — Eat'er, n. — Eat'a-ble, a. Fit to be
eaten ^ edible, —n. Anything to be eaten.

Eaves (evz), n. pi. Lower edges of a roof, over-
hanging the walls. — Eaves'drop per (-drorV-
per), n. One who listens to overhear private
conversation.

Ebb (Sb), n. The reflux of the tide ; the return of
tide water toward the sea ; decline ; decay. —
v. i. [Ebbed (ebd) ; Ebbing.] To flow back : to
recede ; to decay ; to sink. — Ebb tide. Reflux
of tide water ; the retiring tide.

Easel.

Eccentric and At-
tachments.
Eccentric ; b Strap ; c Rod ;
d Hook or Gub.

Eb'on (eb'un), a. Consisting of, or like, ebony \
black. — Eb'on-ize (-iz), v. t. To make black
like ebony. — Eb'O-ny (-un-y) ; n. A hard,
heavy, and durable wood. — a. Made of, or
like, ebony ; black. — Eb'on-ite (-it), n. Black
vulcanite ; vulcanized India rubber.

E-bri/e-ty (e-bri'e-ty), n. Intoxication ; drunken-
ness.

E-bul'lient (e-biil'yent), a. Boiling over ; bub-
bling ; excited. — E^ul-li'tion (etyul-llsh'un),
,n. A boiling ; an effervescence.

HE'car'te' (a'kaVta'), n. A game of cards, usually
two-handed, in which players may discard the
cards dealt, and receive others from the pack

Ec-cen'tric (ek-sen'trlk), a. Deviating from the
center or line
of a circle, or /^J~^<_ d

from the usual Jy/^VTB c /r\__

course; irregu- pu(ali )) I ( \-=3

lar ; singular ;
odd. — n. A
circle not hav-
ing the same
c e n t e r as an-
other partly within it ; a wheel so arranged
upon- a shaft as to have a different center from
it, causing a motion like that of a crank. — Ec-
cen'trlc-al (-trl-kwl), a. Eccentric. — Ec-cen'-
tric-al-ly, adv. — Ec'cen-tric'i-ty (ek'sen-tris'-
T-ty), n. The state of being eccentric ; oddity.

Ec-Cle'si-as'tic (ek-kle'zI-aVtik), a. Pertaining
to the church. — n. A person in orders; a clergy-
man ; a priest. —Ec-cle/si-as/tic-al(-ti-kal), a.
Ecclesiastic. — Ec-cle'si-as'tic-al-ly, adv.

Ech'O (ek'o), 11. Sound reflected or reverberated
to the ear. — v. t. & i. [Echoed (ek'od) ; Ech-
oing.] To reverberate ; to resound.

HE Clair' (a'klaV), n. A frosted cake, containing
flavored cream.

I E-clair'cisse-ment (e-klSr'sTs-ment ; F. S'klaV-
seVmaN'), n. The clearing up of anything ob-
scure; explanation.

HE-clat' (e-klav ; F. a'kla'), n. Brilliancy of suc-
cess or effort ; show ; applause.

Ec-lec'tiC (ek-lek'tik), a. Selecting ; choosing at
will. — n. One who follows an eclectic method.
— EC - lec ' ti - cism (-ti-slz'm), n. Theory or
practice of an eclectic.

E-clipser (e-klips'), n. An interception or obscu-
ration of the light of the
sun, moon, or other lumi-
nous body ; the intervention
of some other body ; tem-
porary or partial loss of
brilliancy, honor, etc. —
v. t. [Eclipsed (e-klipsf) ;
Eclipsing.] To darken.

E-Clip'tic (e-kllr/tik), n. The apparent path of
the sun. — a. Pertaining to the ecliptic, or to
eclipses.

Ec/logue (eklog), n. A pastoral poem; a bu-
colic ; an idyl.

E-COn'o-my (e-kon'6-iny), n. Management of do-
mestic affairs, also of any undertaking, corpo-
ration, state, etc. ; a system of rules by which
anything is managed ; thrift; frugality. — E'CO-
nom/ic (e'ko-nom'Tk or ek'S-), E co-nom'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Pertaining to economy or to the
management of affairs. — E'CO-nom'ic-al-ly,
adv. With economy ; frugally. — E CO-nom'ics
(-Iks), n. Science of domestic and internal

Eclipses. S Sun ; E
Earth ; M Moon.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ECONOMIST

132

EFFUSE

management ; political economy. — E - con ' 0 -
mist (e-kon'6-inist), n. One who economizes,
or is conversant with political economy. —
E-COn'0-mize (-miz), v. t. To use prudently or
frugally. — v. i. To manage prudently.

ECsta-sy (gk'sta-s^), n. Excessive joy; rap-
ture ; frenzy. — Ec - Stat ' ic ( gk - st2t ' Tk ), a.
Transporting ; rapturous.

Ec'u-men'ic (gk'fi-nign'ik), Ec'u-men'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. General ; universal.

ECze-ma (gk'ze-ma), n. An inflammatory disease
of the skin, with redness, eruption, and itching ;
tetter ; milk crust ; salt rheum.

Ed'dy (ed'd^), n. A current of air or water run-
ning back, or in a circular direction ; a whirlpool.

— v. i. [Eddied (gd'did) ; Eddying.] To move
as an eddy.

E-den'tate (e-dgn'tat), n. An animal of the sloth

and armadillo tribes,

wanting fore teeth and

canines.
Edge (ej), n. Sharp side ;

margin; brink; keenness;

sharpness.— v. t. [Edged

(ejd) ; Edging (gj'Ing).]

To furnish with an edge ;

to sharpen ; to border ;

to move by little and lit-
tle. — v. i. To move side-
ways or gradually. —

Edged (ejd), a. Sharp ;

keen.— Edging (eying).

n. Border ; narrow lace.

— Edge' ways (gj'waz),
-wise (-wiz), adv. In the
direction of the edge.

Ed'i-ble (ed'T-b'l), a. Fit
to be eaten ; esculent. —

J2£Pt22£Zi\ U' t An Edentate. The Two-

E/diCt (eMlkt), n. Law toed Ant-eater,

promulgated ; proclama-
tion of command or prohibition ; decree ; ordi-
nance ; manifesto.

Ed'i-fi-ca'tion, etc. See under Edify.

Ed'i-fice (ed'T-fis), n. A building ; a fabric.

Ed'i-fy (ed'I-fi), v . /. [Edified (-fid) ; Edify-
ing.] To instruct and improve ; to teach. —
Ed'i-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shun), n. Instruction.

E'dile (e'dil), n. A Roman magistrate.

Ed'it (ed'Tt), v. t. [Edited; Editing.] To
superintend the publication of ; to prepare for
publication. — Ed'i-tor (-i-ter), n. One who
edits, or prepares (a book, newspaper, etc.) for
publication. — Ed'i-to'ri-al (-to'n-al), a. Per-
taining to, or written by, an editor. — n. An
article by an editor. — Ed'i-tor-ship (Sd'T-ter-
ship), n. Business of an editor. — E-di'tion
(e-dish'Qn), n. An impression of a literary
work ; the number of copies published at once.

Ed'U cate (ed'u-kat), V. t. To bring up (a child) ;
to instruct ; to teach ; to train ; to rear ; to dis-
cipline. — Ed'u-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. — Ed'u-ca'-
tion (-ka'shiin), n. Instruction ; teaching ;
nurture; breeding. — - Ed'u-ca'tion-al (-«1), a.
Pertaining to education. — Ed'U-ca'tion-iSt, n.
One versed in, or who promotes, education.

E-duce/ (e-dus'), v. t. [Educed (-dust'); Edu-
cing.] To draw forth ; to elicit ; to extract. —
E-duc'tor (-duk'ter), n. — E-dUC'tion (-shun),
v. A drawing out or bringing into view.

Eel (el), n. An elongated, snakelike fish.

E'en (en). Contraction for Even.

E'er (ar or Sr). Contraction for Ever.

Efface' (gf-fas'), v. t. [Effaced (-fast/) ; Effa-
cing.] To erase; to cancel; to destroy. — El-
face'ment (-ment), n. Act of effacing.

Effect' (Si-fekf), n. That which is done ; re-
sult ; consequence ; impression produced ; effi-
ciency ; pi. goods. — v. t. To produce ; to bring
to pass ; to accomplish ; to achieve ; to exeeute.

— Ef-fect'er (-er), Ef-fect'or, n. — Ef-fect'i-ble
(-T-b'l), a. Capable of being achieved ; prac-
ticable; feasible. — Ef-fect'ive (,-iek'tiv), a.
Suited or tending to produce effects ; efficient ;
efficacious ; forcible ; active ; energetic. — Ef-
fect'ive-ly, adv.— Ef-fecfive-ness, n. — Ef-
fectual ( -tu-rtl ), a. Adequate ; efficient ;
decisive. — Ef-f ec/tu-al-ly, adv. — Ef-fec'tu-al-
ness, n. — Ef-fec'tu-ate (-at), v. t. To effect.

Ef-fem'i-nate (gf-lein'i-nat), a. Soft or delicate
like a woman ; feminine ; weak ; delicate ; cow-
ardly. — v. t. To make womanish ; to unman.
— Ef-fem'i-nate-ly (-nat-iy), adv. — Ef-fem'l-
na-cy (-na-sy), Ef-fem'i-nate-ness, n.

HEf-fen'di (gf-fgn'di ), n. Master ; sir ; — title of
a Turkish official and man learned in the law.

Effer-vesce' (ef'fer-vec ,, v. i. [Effervesced
(-vest') ; Effervescing (-ves'sing).] To be in a
state of ebullition ; to bubble and hiss. — Effer-
ves'cent (-vgs'sent), a. Gently boiling or bub-
bling. — Ef f er-ves'cence (-sens), Ef f er-ves'-
Cen-cy (-sen-sy), n. An effervescing ; ebullition.

Ef-fete' (gf-fef), a. Barren ; worn out ; used up.

Ef fi-ca'cious (ef'fT-ka'shus), a. Productive of
effects ; effectual ; powerful. — Eff i-ca'cious-
ly, adv. — Ef f i-ca'cious-ness, Ef fi-ca-cy (-ka-
sy), n. Virtue ; force ; energy.

Ef-fi/Cient (ef-ilsh'ent), a. Causing effects ; pro-
ducing results ; effectual ; competent ; able.

— n. The agent or cause which produces. —
Ef-fi'cient-ly, adv. — Ef-f i'cience (-ens), Ef-fi'-
Cien-cy (-en-sy), 11. The quality of being effi-
cient ; power to produce the effect intended.

Ef fi-gy (eff I-jy), n. An image of a person.

Ef/flO-resce/ (et'flo-rSs'), v. i. [Effloresced
(-rest/) ; Efflorescing (-res'sing).] To form a
whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder on the
surface. — Efflo-res'cent (-res'sent), a. Liable
to, or covered with, efflorescence. — Ef'flO-res'-
cence (-sens), Ef'flo-res'cen-cy (-sen-s^), n.
Time of flowering ; eruption, as in rash, mea-
sles, small pox, etc. ; formation of whitish
loose powder on the surface of efflorescing bod-
ies ; powder or crust itself thus formed.

Ef'flu-ent (SFflu-ent), a. Flowing out. — Efflu-
ence (-ens), Ef'flu-en-cy (-en-.<-y), v. A flowing
out ; issue ; emanation. — Ef-flu'vi-um (-nii'-
vT-um), n. Subtile or invisible emanation ; nox-
ious exhalation.

Efflux (ef'fliiks), Ef-flUX'ion (-fluk'shiin), n. A
flowing out ; effusion ; effluvium ; emanation.

Effort (Sf'fGrt), n. An exertion of strength or
power ; struggle ; attempt ; trial ; essay.

Ef-fronf er-y (ef-frunfer-y), n. Excessive as-
surance ; shamelessness ; impudence.

Ef-ful'gent (gf-ful'jent), a. Diffusing a flood of
light; shining; bright; splendid. — Ef-fuf-
gent-ly, adv. — Ef-ful'gence (gf-ful'jens), n.
Brightness ; luster.

El-fuse' (ef-f uz'), v. t. [Effused (-fuzd') ; Effus-
ing.] To pour out (a fluid) ; to spill ; to shed. —
v. i. To emanate ; to issue. — Ef-f use7 (-fus'), a.

a, 6, i, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, obey, dnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

EFFUSION

133

ELECTRICIAN

A sea duck of re-

Spreading loosely. — Ef-fu'sion (-fu'zhun), n.
A pouring out. — Ef-fu'sive (-siv), a. Pouring
out ; pouring forth largely ; gushing. — Ef-fU'-
sive-ly, adv. — Ef-fu'sive-ness, n.

Eft (8ft), n. A small lizard ; a salamander ; a
newt.

Egg (8g), n. A spheroidal body formed in a fe-
male oviparous animal, containing the germ of
its young.

Egg (eg), v. t. [Egged (Sgd) ; Egging (eg'Tng).]
To urge on ; to instigate.

Eg'lan-tine (eg'lan-tin or -tin), n. A species of
rose ; sweetbrier.

E'gO-ism (e'go-Tz'm or eg'o-), n. Subjective
idealism ; excessive love of self ; egotism. —
E'gO-tism (-tiz'm), n. The practice of too fre-
quently using the word I; self-praise ; self-
conceit ; vanity. — E'gO-tist, n. One who talks
much of himself and his affairs. — E'gO-tis'tiC,
E/gO-tis'tlc-al (-ti-kal), a. Addicted to, or
manifesting, egotism; vain ; opinionated.

E-gre'gioUS (e-gre'jus or -jT-us), a. Extraordi-
nary ; remarkable ; enormous ; precious. —
E-gre'gious-ly, adv.

E'gress (e'gr8s), E-gres'sion (e-gresh'un), n. A
going out ; a departure.

E'gret ( e'gret ), n. A kind of small heron ; a
heron's feather; a flying, feathery crown of
seeds. — E-grette' (e-gref), n. A tuft of feath-
ers, diamonds, etc. ; an ornament of ribbons.

Eh (a or 8), interj. An expression of inquiry or
slight surprise.

Ei'der (i'der), «., Eider duck
mote northern regions,
producing a fine down,
which is an article of
commerce. — Eider
down. Down of the eider
duck.

Eight (at), a. Twice four in
number. — n. The num-
ber greater by a unit than
seven ; the sum of four and four ; a symbol
representing eight units, as 8 or viii. — Eighth
(atth), a. Next after the seventh ; consisting
of one of eight equal parts into which anything
is divided. — n. An eighth part ; in music, the
interval of an octave. — Eighth'ly (-ty), adv.
In the eighth place.

Eight'een' (a'ten'), n. Twice nine in number. —
n. The number greater by a unit than seven-
teen ; sum of ten and eight ; symbol represent-
ing eighteen units, as 18 or xviii. — Eight-
eenth' (a'tenth'), a. Next after the seventeenth ;
consisting of one of eighteen equal parts into
which anything is divided. — n. One of eighteen
equal parts ; the eighth after the tenth.

Eight'y (a't^), a. Eight times ten ; fourscore.
— n. The sura of eight times ten ; a symbol rep-
resenting eighty units, as 80 or lxxx. — Eighti-
eth (-8th), a. Next after the seventy-ninth ;
consisting of one of eighty equal parts into which
anything is divided. — n. One of eighty equal
parts.

Ei'ther (e'ther or i'ther), a. & pron. One or
the other ; — properly of two things ; each of
two ; the one and the other. — conj. Either
precedes two, or more, coordinate words or
phrases, and is introductory to an alternative.
It is correlative to or.

E-Jac'U-late ( e-j5k'u-lat ), V. t. & i. To throw

Eider Duck.

out (an exclamation). — E-jac'U-la'tion (-j5k'-
u-la'shun), n. Uttering of a short, sudden ex-
clamation ; exclamation or prayer uttered. —
E-jac'u-la-to-ry (-jak'u-la-to-ry), a. Casting or
throwing out ; uttered in short sentences.

E-ject' (e-j8ktr), v. t. To throw out ; to cast forth ;
to expel ; to dispossess. — E-jec'tion(-jek'shun),
n. Act of ejecting; discharge; expulsion. —
E-ject'ment (-jekt'ment), n. Expulsion ; a legal
writ to recover possession of landed property. —
E-ject'or (-jek'ter), n. One who ejects, or dis-
possesses another of his land.

Eke (ek), v. t. [Eked (ekt) ; Eking.] To in-
crease ; to enlarge ; to extend. — adv. Also ; in
addition ; likewise.

E-lab'0-rate (e-laVo-rat), v. t. To produce with la-
bor ; to perfect with painstaking. — a. Wrought
with labor; prepared; studied ; high-wrought. —
E-lab'o-rate-ly, adv. — E-lab'o-ra'tor (-ra'ter),
n. — E-lab'0-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n. An elabo-
rating. — E-lab'o-ra-tive ( - lab ' 6 - ra- ti v ), a.
Serving to elaborate.

E-la'ine (e-la'In), E-la'in, n. The liquid princi-
ple of oils and fats.

E'land (e'land), n. The Cape elk, a South Afri-
can antelope ; the moose.

E- lapse7 (e-lSpsO, v. ?'. [Elapsed (-lSpsf) ; Elaps-
ing.] To slide, slip, or glide by ; to pass away
silently, as time.

E-las'tic (e-laVttk), a. Springing back ; having
the property of returning to a previous state or
condition, after being depressed or overtaxed.

— n. A belt or garter made of elastic material.

— Elas-tiC'i-ty ( e'lfa-tls'I-ty ), n. Springi-
ness; rebound.

E-later (e-laf), a. Lifted up ; elevated ; high in
spirits ; flushed with confidence ; lofty ; swell-
ing, —v. t. To exalt the spirit of ; to flush with
success. — E-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Inflation of
mind ; pride, resulting from success.

El'bOW (81'bo), n. The joint connecting the arm
and forearm ; a flexure or angle. — v. t. & i.
[Elbowed (-bod) ; Elbowing.] To push with
the elbow ; to jostle. — El'bOW-chair' (-cha~r'),
n. A chair with arms to support the elbows ; an
armchair. — ElrbOW-room/ (-room''), n. Room
to extend the elbows ; scope for action.

Eld'er (81Mer), a. Older ; more advanced in age ;
senior. — n. One who is older ; a senior ; an
ancestor ; a person who, on account of his age,
is ruler or adviser, as in a church. — Ei'der- ly
(-ly), a. Somewhat old ; past middle age. —
El'der-ship, n. Office of an elder ; seniority.

Ei'der (Sl'der), n. A shrub having white flowers
and dark red berries. [age.|

Eld'est (el'dest), a. Oldest; most advanced in|

E-lecf (e-lekf), a. Chosen ; selected from among
two or more. — v. t. To pick out ; to make choice
of ; to select by vote. — n. One chosen or set
apart. — E-lect'or (e-18k'ter), n. — E-lect'or-al
(-ter-«l), a. Pertaining to an election or to
electors. — E-lec'tion (shun), n. Act or power
of choosing ; free choice ; discernment ; pref-
erence. — E-lec'tion-eer' (-shun-er'). v. ?'. To
use arts for securing the election of a candi-
date. — E-lect'ive (-lek'tiv), a. Pertaining to,
consisting in, or dependent on, choice ; bestowed
by election. — E-lect'ive-ly, adv.

E-lec'tric (e-lgktrTkV E-lec'trlc-al (-trT-k^l), a.
Pertaining to electricity. — E-Iec'tric-al-ly, adv.

— E'lec-tri'cian (e'lek-tnsh'an), n. One versed

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go; sing, ink, then, thin.

ELECTRICITY

134

ELUCIDATION

in electricity. — E/lec-tric'i-ty (-tnsT-ty) , n.
A force or power in nature, exhibiting itself in
lightning, production of heat, light, chemical
changes, etc. ; science of this force. — E-lec'tri-
fy (e-lek'trT-fi), Elec'txize (-triz), v. t. To
charge with electricity ; to give an electric
shock to ; to excite suddenly ; to surprise. —
E-lec'txo-cute (-kut), v. t. To put _to death by
electricity. — E-leCtTO-CU'tion (-ku'shun), n.
Electric execution. — E'lec-trol'o-gy (-trol'o-
jy), n. The science of electric phenomena and
principles. — E'lec-trol'y-sis (-T-sTs), n. Chem-
ical decomposition by electric action. — E-lec'-
tro-mag 'net-ism (e-lek'tro-mag'net-Tz'm), n.
Magnetism developed by an electric current ;
science of magnetic development and of the cur-
rents evolved. — E'lec-trom'e-ter (e'lek-trom'e-
ter), n. An instrument to measure the quantity
or intensity of electricity. — E-lec'tlO-mo'tor
(e-lek'tro-mo'ter), n. A mover or exciter of
electricity ; apparatus or machine for effecting
motion and mechanical effects by electricity. —
E-lec'tTO-type (-tip), n. A facsimile metallic
plate, used in printing ; a print from such a plate.

— v. t. To make such plates by electric process.
E-lec'tu-a-ry (e-lek'tu-a-ry), n. A medicine com-
posed of powders, made into a confection.

El'ee-mos'y-na-ry ( eTe-nios'T-na-ry ), a. Given
in, or supported by, charity. — n. A dependent.

El'e-gance (el'e-gans), n. Quality of being ele-
gant; beauty resulting from grace and refine-
ment.— El'e-gant (-gant), a. Graceful ; beau-
tiful : refined. — El'e-gant-ly, adv.

El'e-gy (el'e-jy), n. A mournful poem ; funereal
song. — El'e-giSt (-j T st), n. A writer of elegies.

— E-le'gi-ac (e-le'jT-ak or el'e-ji'ak), a. Belong-
ing to, or used in, elegies. — n. Elegiac verse.

El'e-ment (el'e-ment), n. A constituent part of a
thing ; an ingredient ; a simple portion of some-
thing complex ; a rudiment ; pi. the bread and
wine used in the eucharist. — El ' e - men ' tal
(-men'tal), a. Pertaining to, or produced by,
elements. — El'e-men'ta-ry (-ta-ry), a. Per-
taining to the elements, rudiments, or first prin-
ciples of any thing ; simple ; uncombined.

El'e-phant (el'e-fant), n. A quadruped of India

Elephant.

and Africa, the largest existing mammal. It
has a proboscis, and two large ivory tusks. —
El'e-phan'tine (-fan'tTn), a. Huge ; heavy.

HEl'e-phan-ti'a-sis (el'e-1'an-t.I'a-sTs), n. A disease
of the skin, rendering it thick and rough, like
an elephant's hide.

El'e-vate (Sl'e-vat), v. I. To exalt ; to erect ; to
cheor ; to animate, — a. Elevated ; raised aloft.

— El'e-va'tor, n. — El'e-va'tion (el'e-va'shun),
n. A raising ; exaltation ; elevated place.

Elk.

E-lev'en (e-lev"n), a. Ten and one added. — n.
The sum of ten and one ; a symbol representing
eleven units, as 11 or xi. — E-lev'enth (-'nth),
a. Next after the tenth ; constituting one of
eleven parts into which a thing is divided. — ».
One of eleven equal parts.

Ell (Slf), n. ; pi. Elves (elvz). An imaginary di-
minutive spirit ; sprite ; goblin. — Elf/in (-in),
a. Pertaining to elves. — w. A little elf or ur-
chin. — Elfish (-Tsh), a. Elflike ; mischievous.

E-lic'it (e-lis'Tt), v. t. To draw out ; to disclose.

E-lide7 (e-Hd'), v. t. To cut off or suppress (a syl-
lable, etc).

El'i-gi-ble (el'T-ji-b'l), or. Legally qualified ; de-
sirable ; preferable. — El'i-gi-bil'i-ty (-bll'i-ty),
El'i-gi-ble-ness, n. — El'i-gi-bly, adv.

E-lim'i-nate (e-llm'1-nat), v. t. To cause to dis-
appear (from an equation) ; to leave out of con-
sideration ; to obtain by separating ; to de-
duce ; to infer. — E-liml-na'tion (-na'shun),
n. An eliminating ; deduction.

E-li'sion (e-lTzh'un), n. The eliding or cutting
off, for meter or eu-
phony, of a vowel or
syllable.

HE'lite' (fi'lef ), n. A
choice or select body.

E-liX'ir (e-llks'er), n.
A compound tincture (
or medicine.

Elk (elk), n. A quad-
ruped of the stag
kind.

Ell (el), n. A measure,
of different lengths,
the English being 45 inches.

El-lipse/ (el-lips'), n. An oblong figure, bounded
by a regular curve. — El-lip'sis
(el - lip ' sis ), n. Omission (of
word, phrase, etc.). — El-lip'soid
(-soid), n. A solid, all plane sec-
tions of which are ellipses or cir- Ellipse.
cles. — El'lip-SOi'dal (el'lip-soi'dal), a. Per-
taining to, or having the form of, an ellipsoid.
— El-lip'tic (Sl-iTp'tlk), El-lip'tic-al (-tT-kol),
a. Having the form of an ellipse ; defective. —
El ' lip - tic ' 1 - ty (el'lTp-tls'i -ty), n. Deviation
from the form of a circle or sphere.

Elm (elm), n. A shade tree.

EFo-CU'tion (eFo-ku'shiin), n. Mode of utterance
or delivery. — El'O-CU'tion-a-ry (-£-ry), a. Per-
taining to elocution. — El'O-CU'tion-ist, ii. One
versed in elocution.

E-lon'gate (e-lon'gat), v. t. To lengthen ; to ex-
tend ; to stretch out. — E'lon-ga'tion (e/lon-
ga'shun), n. A lengthening ; extension.

Elope' (e-lop'), v. ?'. [Eloped (-lopf) ; Eloping.]
To run away (with a lover). — E-lope'ment
(-uifnt), n. Clandestine departure.

El'o-quence (el'6-kwens), n. Beautiful or forci-
ble expression of thought ; oratory. — El'O-
quent (-kwent), a. Expressing emotion in an
effective manner. — El'O-quent-ly, adv.
Else (51s), a. & pron. Other ; one or something
beside. — adv. &, conj. Beside; except that
mentioned ; otherwise ; if the ficts were differ-
ent. — Else'where' (-hwaV), adv. In any other
place.
E-lu'ci-date (e-lu'sT-dat), v. t. To make clear,
t<> explain ; to illustrate. — E-lu'ci-da'tor (-da'-
ter), n. — E-lU/Ci-da'tion (e-lu'sT-da'shun), n.

a, 0, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, o, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ELUCIDATIVE

135

EMENDATOR

Explanation; _exposition ; illustration. — E-lu'-
Ci-da'tive (e-lu'si-da'tiv), a. Making clear.

E-lude' (e-lud'), v. t. To avoid by stratagem ; to
evade ; to escape. — E-lud'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. Ca-
pable of being eluded. — E-lu'sion (e-lu'zhun),
n. Escape ; evasion. — E - lu ' Sive (-si v), a.
Tending to elude. — E - lu ' SO - ry (-so-ry), a.
Evasive; fallacious; deceitful.

Elve (Slv ), n. Old form of Elf. — ElVish (51'-
vish), a. Pertaining to elves.

E-lys'i-an (e-lizh'an or -T-an), a. Pertaining to
Elysium ; blissful. — E-lys'i-um (e-lizh'uui or
-T-um), n. Tlie abode of happy souls after death ;
any delightful place.

Em (em), n. Formerly, the space in printing occu-
pied by the letter m (then a square type), used
as a unit for measuring printed matter.

E-ma'ci-ate (e-m5'slu-at), v. i. & t. To make or
grow lean ; to waste away. — E-ma'Ci-a'tion
(-a'shun), n. Leanness.

Em'a-nate (5m'a-nat), v. i. To issue forth from
a source ; to take origin ; to proceed ; to issue ;
to spring. — Em'a-nant (-nrmt), a. Emanating ;
issuing. — Em'a-na'tion (-na'shun), n. A flow-
ing forth ; that which issues or proceeds from
any source ; effluvium ; efflux.

E-man'ci-pate (e-rnan'sT-pat), v. t. To set free
from servitude or evil influence. — E-man'ci-

pa tor (-pa'ter), n. — E-mand-pa'tion (-shun),

n. Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom.

E-mas'CU-late (e-mas'ku-lat), v. t. To castrate ;
to render effeminate, — a. Deprived of virility
or vigor ; unmanned.

Em-balm/ (em-bam'), v. t. To preserve from de-
cay by aromatic oils or spices ; to perpetuate in
remembrance. — Em-balm'er, ».

Em-bank' (em-b5nk'), v. t. [Embanked (-bankf) ;
Embanking.] To inclose with a bank ; to bank
up. — Em-bank'ment (-ment), n. A mound.

Em-bar'gO (Sm-bar'g6), n. ; pi. Embargoes (-goz).
Governmental prohibition of departure from a
port; hindrance; restraint. — v. t. [Embar-
goed (-god) ; Embargoing.] To prevent from
sailing out of port or from going forward, by an
embargo.

Em-bark' (em- bark'), v. t. & i. [Embarked
(-barkf) ; Embarking.] To put or go (on board
a vessel) ; to engage (in any business). — Em'-
bar-ka'tion (Sm'bar-ka'shun), Em'bar-ca'tion,
n. A putting or going on board of a vessel.

Em-bar'rass (em-bar'ros), v. t. [Embarrassed
(-rast) ; Embarrassing.] To hinder; to per-
plex; to confuse; to distress. — Em-bar'rass-
ment (-ment), n. A state of perplexity ; ina-
bility to discharge debts.

Em-bas'sa-dor (Sm-bSs'aa-der), Am-bas'sa-dor
(3m-), n. A minister of the highest rank sent
by one government to another. — Em-bas'sa-
dO'ri-al (-do'rT-al), a. Relating to an embassa-
dor. — Em'bas-sy (em'b5s-sy), n. Function of
an embassador ; persons sent as embassadors ;
dwelling: or office of an embassador.

Em-bed' (em-bSd'), v. t. To lay (in a bed).

Em-bel'lish (ern-beTlTsh), v. I. [Embellished
(-ITsht) ; Embellishing.] To make beautiful by
ornaments ; to adorn ; to decorate ; to illus-
trate. — Em-bel'lish-ment (-ment), n. A dec-
oration ; an enrichment ; an adornment.

Em'ber (em'ber), n. A lighted coal ; pi. mingled
coals and ashes ; cinders.

Em-bez'zle (em-bgz'z'l), v. t. [Embezzled (-z'ld) ;

Embezzling (-zling).] To appropriate to one's
own use (that intrusted to one's care). — Em-
bez'zler, n. — Em - bez' zle - ment (-ment), n.

Fraudulent appropriation.

Em-bla'zon (em-bla'z'n), v. t. [Emblazoned
(-z'ud) ; Emblazoning.] To deck in glaring col-
ors ; to adorn with figures of heraldry. — Em-
bla'zon-er, n.— Em-bla'zon-ry (-ry), n. Heral-
dic or ornamental decoration.

Em'blem (em'blem), n. An object symbolizing
some other object, quality, etc.; type; sign;
symbol. — Em'fciem-at'ic (-at'Ik), Em'blem-

at'ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Pertaining to, or using, em-
blems. — Em ' blem - at ' ic - al - ly, adv. — Em-
blem'a-tize (em-blem'a-tiz), Em'blem-ize
(em'blem-iz), r. t. To symbolize.

Em-bod'y (em-bod'y), v. t. [Embodied (-Id);
Embodying.] To form into a body; to make
corporeal ; to incorporate ; to concentrate. —
Em-bOd'i-ment (-I-ment), n. Act of embodying
or state of being embodied ; a complete system.

Em-bold'en (em-bold' 'n), v. t. To give boldness
to ; to encourage.
EnVbon'point' (aN'bSN'pwaN'), n. Plumpness
of person ; fleshiness.

Em-bOS'om (em-booz'um), v. t. To take into the
bosom ; to cherish.

Em-boss' (em-bos'), v. t. [Embossed (-bosf);
Embossing.] To cover with bosses or protu-
berances. — Em-bOSS'ment (-ment), n. Raised
work.

HEm'bOU'chure' (aN'boo'shur'), n. The mouth
of a river, cannon, etc. ; the mouthpiece of a
musical wind instrument.

Em-bow'el (gm-bou'51), v. t. [Emboweled or
Embowelled (-eld) ; Emeoweling or Embow-
elling.] To remove the bowels of; to eviscer-
ate ; to bury ; to secrete.

Em-bow'er (em-bou'er), v. i. & (. To lodge or
rest in a bower ; to shelter with trees.

Em-brace' (em-bras'), v. t. [Embraced (-brasf) ;
Embracing (-bra'sing).] To clasp or inclose
in the arms ; to include ; to comprise ; to com-
prehend. — v. i. To join in an embrace, — n.
A close encircling with the arms ; a clasp ; a
hug. — Em-brace'ment (-ment), n. A hug ; an
embrace.

Em-bra'sure (em-bra'zhur), n. An opening in
a wall, through which can-
non are pointed.

Em'bro-cate(em'bro-kat), v.
t. To moisten and rub (a
diseased part) with spirit,
oil, etc. — Em'bro-ca'tion
(-ka'shun), n. Act of rub-
bing (a diseased part); a EE, Embrasures in
lotion with which a part is Me?ioM ** '
rubbed.

Em-broid'er (em-broid'er), v. t. To cover with
ornamental needlework. — Em-broid'er-er
(-er-er), w. — - Em-broid'er-y (-er-y), n. Varie-
gated needlework ; decoration.

Em-broil' (em-broil'), v. L To perplex ; to en-
tangle ; to distract ; to disorder ; to trouble. —
Em-broil'ment (-ment), n. Disturbance.

Em'bry-O (5m'brT-6), n. ; pi. Embryos (-oz). The
rudiment of an animal or plant. — a. Rudi-
mentary ; undeveloped.

E-mend' (e-mgnd'), v. t. To amend. — Em' en-
da'tion (em'gn-da'shun or e'mSn-), n. Correc-
tion ; improvement. — Em ' en - da ' tor, n. One

n. An opening in

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, suig, ink, then, thin.

EMENDATORY

136

ENACTMENT

who amends. — E-mend'a-to-ry (e-mgnd'a-to-
ry), a. Pertaining to emendation.
Em/er-ald (em'er-ald), n. A precious 6tone of
rich green color ; a type in size between minion
and nonpareil.

B^p^This line is printed in Emerald type.

E-merger (e-merj'), v. i. [Emerged (-merjd') ;
Emerging.] To rise out of a fluid ; to issue. —
E-mer'gence (-mer'jens), E-mer'gen-cy (-jen-
sjf), n. A sudden appearance ; an unioreseen
occurrence ; exigency. — E-mer'gent (-jent), a.
Rising out of anything that conceals ; calling
for prompt action ; urgent.

||E-mer'i-tUS (e-merl-tus), a. Honorably dis-
charged from service.

E-mer/sion (e-mer'shiin), n. Emergence ; a rising
out of, or coming forth from, any enveloping or
overshadowing body.

Em'er-y (em'er-y), n. Corundum, in grains or
powder, used for grinding and polishing metals,
glass, etc.

E-met'ic (e-metTk), a. Inducing to vomit. — n.
A medicine which causes vomiting.

llE'meute' (a'met/ or a-mut'), n. A seditious
commotion ; a mob ; a riot.

Em'i-grate (gmt-grat), v. i. To remove from
one country or state to another, for residence.
— Em'i-grant (-grant), a. Removing from one
country to another ; pertaining to, or used for,
emigrants, —n. One who quits one country to
settle in another. — Em'i-gra'tion (-gra'shun),
n. Removal from one country to another ; a
body of emigrants.

Em/i-nent (em'I-nent), a. High ; lofty ; exalted
in rank ; conspicuous ; prominent ; famous ; il-
lustrious. — Em'i-nent-ly, adv. — Em'i-nence
(-nens), Em'i-nen-cy (-nen-sy), n. Height;
elevation ; high rank ; preferment ; a title of
Roman Catholic cardinals.

E'mlr (e'mer or e-mer'), E'meer, n. An Arabian
prince, military commander, or provincial gov-
ernor ; a title of descendants of Mohammed.

Em'is-sa-ry (em'Ts-sa-ry), n. A secret agent;
a spy. — a. Exploring ; spying.

E-mit/ (e-mTf), v. t. [Emitted ; Emitting.] To
send forth; to put into circulation. — E-mis'-
Sion (-mish'un), n. A sending out ; an issue. —
E-mis'sive (-mis'sT v), a. Emitting.

Em'met (ein'met), n. An ant.

E-mol'li-ate (e-mol'lT-at),v. t. To soften ; to ren-
der effeminate. — E-mol'lient (-yent or -lT-ent),
a. Softening ; making supple, —n. An appli-
cation to allay irritation, and alleviate pain.

E-mol'u-ment (e-mol'u-inent), n. Profit arising
from office or employment ; gain.

E-mo/tion (e-mo'shun), n. A moving of the mind
or soul ; excited feeling ; agitation. — E-mo'-
tlon-al (-«1), E-mo'tive (-tTv), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, emotion.

Em-pale' (Sm-pal'), v. t. [Empaled (-paid') ; Em-
paling.] To inclose ; to shut in ; to put to death
by fi x ing on a stake. — Em-pale'ment (-ment), n.
A fencing or inclosing with stakes ; a putting
to death by thrusting a stake through the body.

Em'per-or (em'per-er), n. The sovereign of an
empire; a title superior to that of king; the
blank card in euchre.

Em'pha-sis (6m'fa-sTs), n. Stress or force of
voice, given to important words. — Em'pha-size
(-siz), v. t. To utter with particular stress of

voice; to make emphatic. — Em-phat'ic (5m-
fat'Tk), Em-phat'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Uttered
with emphasis ; requiring emphasis ; energetic ;
striking. — Em-phat'ic-al-ly, adv.

Em'pire (Sm'pir), n. Supreme power in govern-
ing ; dominion of an emperor ; sovereignty ;
government ; state.

Em-pir/ic (em-pTr'Ik), n. One who relies upon
experiment and the results of his own obser-
vation, excluding science; a quack doctor;
charlatan. — Em-pir'ic, Em-pir'iC-al (-T-kal),
a. Pertaining to experiment or experience,
without due regard to science and theory. —

Em-pir'ic-al-ly, adv. — Em-pir'i-cism (-T-

slz'm), n. Method of an empiric ; quackery.
Em-ploy' (em-ploi'), v. t. [Employed (-ploid') ;
Employing.] To use ; to exercise. — n. Em-
ployment ; service ; business. — Em-ploy'er, n.

— Em/ploy-eer (em'ploi-e' or em-ploi'e), I Em'-
ploy'e' (em'ploi'a'; F. aN'plwa'ya'), n. One
employed by another. — Em-ploy'ment (-ploi'-
ment), n. Business; service; agency.

Em-po'ri-um (em-po'rT-Qm), n. A place of exten-
sive commerce or trade ; a commercial center.

Em-pow'er (em-pou'er), v. t. [Empowered (-erd) ;
Empowering.] To give power or authority ;
to authorize.

Em'press (em'prSs), n. The consort of an em-
peror ; a woman who governs an empire.

Em-prise' (ein-priz'), n. An undertaking ; an en-
terprise.

Emp'ty (emp'ty), a. Containing nothing ; void ;
not filled; hollow; unsubstantial, —v. t. ik i.
To make or become void. — Emp'ty-ing, n.
Act of making empty ; pi. lees of beer, cider,
etc. ; yeast. — Emp'ti-ness, n.

Em-pyr'e-al (em-pTr'e-al or em'pT-re'al), a.
Formed of pure fire or light. — Em'py-re'an
(em'pT-re'an), a. Empyreal.— n. The highest
heaven, where the ancients believed the pure
element of fire to subsist.

E'mu (e'mu), n. A very large Australian bird,
akin to the casso-
wary and ostrich.

Em'U-late (em'fi-lat),
v. t. To strive to
equal or excel ; to 4
vie with; to rival. —
Em'u-la'tor (-ter),
«. — Em'u-la'tionfl
(-la'shun), n. Com-
petition ; rivalry ;
contention ; strife.

— Em'U-lOUS(-lus),
a. Eager to rival or
excel.— Em'U-lOUS-
ly, adv.

E-mul'sion (e-mul'-
shun), n. A soft,
liquid, medicinal or
chemical prepara-
tion. — E-mul'sive
(-sTv),a. Softening;
milklike ; yielding
oil by expression.

En-a'b'le (gn-a'b'l), v. t. [Enabled (-b'ld) ; En-
abling.] To make able ; to qualify.

En-act' (en-akf), v. t. To decree ; to make (a
law); to perform. — En-act'or (-er), n. — En-
act'ment (•ment), n. The passing of a bill into
a law ; a decree.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, €, i, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

ENAMEL

137

ENFORCEMENT

En-am'el (gn-2m'gl), n. A kind of glass for coating
metallic or ceramic surtaces ; an intensely hard
tissue covering the crown of a tooth. — v. I.
[Enameled (-eld) or Enamelled ; Enameling
or Enamelling.] To cover with enamel. — En-
am'el-er (-er), En-am'el-ler, En-am'el-ist,

En-am'el-list, n. One who enamels.

En-am'or (en-am'er), v. t. [Enamored (-erd) ;
Enamoring.] To inflame with love ; to charm.

En-cage' (gn-Kaj'), v. t. To confine in a cage ;
to imprison.

En-camp' (eii-kamp/), v. i. &t. To form, or form
into, a camp. — En-camp'ment (-ment), n. An
encamping , a place where an army or company
is encamped ; a camp.

En-caus'tic (en-kas'tik), a. Prepared by means
of heat ; burned in. — n. Painting in heated
wax, or by use of heat to fix the colors.

HEn'ceinte' ('aN'saNt' or -sant'), n. Aline of forti-
fications inclosing a place; area inclosed. —a.
Pregnant ; with child.

En-chain' (gn-chan'), v. t. To fasten with a
clnin ; to hold fast ; to restrain.

En-Chant' (en-chant';, v. t. To charm by sorcery ;
to captivate ; to fascinate. — En-Chant'er (-er),
n. — En-Chant'ress (-rgs), n. A fascinating
woman ; sorceress. — En-chant'ment (-ment), n.
An enchanting; use of magic arts or charms;
magic; fascination; spell; witchery; witchcraft.

En-Cir'cle (gn-ser'k'l), v. t. To form a circle
abcit ; to encompass ; to inclose ; to surround.

En-clit'ic (Sn-klTt'Ik), En-clit'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Subjoined; affixed. — En-Clit'ic. n. A word
so closely joined to a preceding word as to lose
its proper accent.

En-Close' (en-kloz'), v. t. To inclose.

En-CO'mi-um (eu-ko'mT-uni), n. Formal praise ;
high commendation ; eulogy ; panegyric. — En-
CO'mi-ast (-Sst), n. One who praises. — En-CC-
mi-as'tic (-aVtlk), En-co'mi-as'tic-al (-aVtl-
kal), a. Eulogistic ; laudatory.

En-com'pass (en-kum'pas), v. i. To describe a
circle about ; to inclose ; to hem in ; to shut up.

En'COre' (as'kor1), adv. & inierj. Once more ;
again ; — a call for repetition of part of a play,
etc. — v. t. To call for a repetition of.

En-conn'ter (en-koun'ter), v. t. To meet face to
face, or as enemies ; to oppose ; to struggle with.
— 7i. A meeting ; conflict ; attack ; onset.

En-COUT'age (gn-ktir'aj), v. t. To embolden; to
cheer ; to stimul ite ; to sanction ; to promote ;
to forward. — En-conr'age-ment (-ment), n.
Incitement; hope, support. — En-COUT'a-ging
(-a-jlng), a. Furnishing ground for hope. — En-
cour'a-ging-ly, adv.

En-croach' ( en - kroch ' ), v. i. [Encroached
(-krocht'); Encroaching.] To enter gradually
into the rights of another ; to intrude ; to in-
vade ; to trespass.— En-croach'ment (-ment),7i.
Intrusion ; inroad.

En-cum'ber (gn-kum'ber), v. t. To impede the
action of ; to clog ; to hinder. — En-CTim'brance
(-brrm<0, n. Load ; burden ; impediment.

En-cyc'lic (gn-sikllk), En-cyc'lic-al (-li-k^/i), a.
Sent to many persons or places ; circular ; gen-
eral. — n. An encyclical letter, esp. from the
Pope.

En-cy'clo-pe/di-a (en-sFkio-pe'dT-a), En-cy'clo-
paydi-a, n. A work treating the various branch-
es of science or art separately, and usually in
alphabetical order. — En-cy'clo-ped'lc (-pgd'Tk

or - pe ' dik), En-cy'clo-ped'ic-al ( - Y - kal ), a.
Pertaining to an encyclopedia ; universal in
knowledge.

En-cyst'ed (en-sist'ed), a. Inclosed in a cyst,
bag, or vesicle.

End (end), n. Extreme point ; close ; limit ; is-
sue ; consequence ; purpose ; aim ; remnant. —
V. t. & i. To finish ; to conclude ; to close ; to
terminate. — End'ing, n. Termination. — End'-
less (-les), a. Without end ; eternal : everlast-
ing ; perpetual ; continual. — End'less-ly, adv.

— End'ways' (-waz^, End'wise (-wiz), ado.
On end ; erectly ; with the end torward.

En-dan'ger (en-dan'jer), v. t. To hazard ; to risk.

En-dear' (eii-der'), v. t. [Endeared (-derd') ;
Endearing.] To make dear, or beloved. — En-
deai'ment (-ment), n. Act ol endearing, or st«tte
01 being endeared ; a manifestation ox love.

En-deav'or (en-dev'er), v. t. [Endeavored (-erd) ;
Endeavoring.] To attempt ; to try ; to essay ,
to aim. — n. Effort ; exertion ; struggle.

En-de'mi-al (en-de'mi-al), En-dem'ic (-dem'Tk),
En-dem'iC-al (-I-k«l), a. Peculiar to a region,
locality, or class of persons. — En-dem'ic, n.
An endemic disease.

En'dive (en'div), n. A species of succory, —
used as a salad.

End'less, etc. See under End, n.

En-dorse' (en-d&rs'), etc. See Indorse, v. t.

En-dOW' (en-dou'), v. t. [Endowed (-doud');
Endowing.] To furnish with dower ; to enrich
with any gift or faculty ; to indue. — En-d0W'-
ment (-ment), n. A settling a fund ; dower ;
talent ; natural capacity.

En-due7 (6n-du'J, v. t. To indue.

En-dure' (en-dur'), v. i. [Endured (-durd');
Enduring.] To remain firm ; to last ; to abide.

— v. t. To sustain ; to undergo ; to bear pa-
tiently ; to brook. — En-dur'a-Dle (-a-b'l), a. —
En-dur'ance (-Tns), n. Sufferance ; resigna-
tion ; patience ; fortitude.

End'wise, adr. See under End, n.

En'e-ma (en'e-ma or e-ne'ma), n. ; pi. L. Enem-
ata (e-nem'a-ta). Injection thrown into the
rectum as a medicine, or for nourishment.

En'e-my (en'e-my), n. An adversary ; a foe.

En'er-gy (eu'er-jy). n. Internal strength ; inher-
ent power ; force ; vigor ; efficiency ; resolu-
tion. — En'er-get'ic (-jet'Tk), En'er-get'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Exerting force ; operating with
vigor ; powerful ; vigorous ; effective. — En'-

er-get'ic-al-ly, adv. — En'er-gize (-jiz), v. i.
To act with vieor. — v. t. To give force to.

E-ner'vate (e-ner'vat or gn'er-), v. t. To deprive
of nerve, strength, or courage; to enfeeUe : to
debilitate. — a. Weakened. — En ' er - va ' tlon
(-va'shun), n. A weakening ; effeminacv.

En-fee^Jle (en-fe'b'l), v. t. To render feeble.—
En-fee'ble-ment (-ment), n. Enervation.

En-feoff' (en-fgf), v. I. [Enfeoffed (-feff) ;
Enfeoffing.] To invest with a fee. — En-
feoffment (-ment), n. An enfeoffing ; the deed
which conveys the fee.

En'fi-lade' (gn'fT-lad'), n. A line or straight pass-
age ; fire of guns along the line of an enemy's
troops, trenches, etc. —v. /. To pierce, scour,
or rake with shot.

En-force/ (gn-fors'), v. t. [Enforced (-forsf) ;
Enforcing (-for'sing).] To put force upon : to
compel ; to give force or effect to. — En-force7-
ment (-ment), n. Compulsion.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, r^de, full, urn, food, fo'ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, tnia.

ENFRANCHISE

138

ENSAMPLE

Engaged Col-

un:us.

En-fran'Chise (en-fr2u'chTz or -chlz), v. U To
free ; to liberate ; to admit to political priv-
ileges ; to naturalize. — En - fran ' chise - ment
(-chTz-ment), n. A setting tree ; admission to
civil rights.

En-gage' (en-gaj'), v. t. [Engaged (-gajd') ; En-
gaging.] To bind; to involve; to enlist; to
occupy ; to combat ; to encounter. — v. i. To
become bound ; to take a part ; to enter into
conflict. — En-gaged' (-gajd'), a. Pledged ; J
promised in marriage ; earnest. — Engaged
columns. Attached columns ;
columns partly sunk into the
wall to which they are at-
tached. — En-ga'ging (-jTug),
a. Attractive ; winning. —
En-gage'ment (-gaj'ment), n.
Promise ; obligation ; employ-
ment; battle ; contest.

En-gen'der (en-jen'der), v. t.
[Engendered ( -derd ) ; En-
gendering.] To breed ; to
beget; to cause. — v. i. To
be produced.

En'gine (en'jTn), n. A machine
or contrivance for producing
a mechanical effect ; instru-
ment used to effect a pur-
pose ; means. — En'gi-neer'
(-jl-ner'), n. One skilled in engineering, or who
manages an engine, or carries through an en-
terprise by skillful contrivance. — v. t. To per-
form the work of an engineer ; to carry through
an enterprise. — En ' gi - neer ' ing, n. Science
and art of utilizing the forces and materials of
nature in designing and constructing machin-
ery, public works, etc. — En'gine-ry (-jTn-r^),
n. Engines in general ; mechanism ; machinery.

En-gird' (en-gerd'), v. t. [Engirded or Engirt
(-gerf) ; Engirding.] To gird ; to encircle.

Eng'lish (ln'gllsh), a. Belonging to England,
its inhabitants, or its language. — n. The peo-
ple of England ; language of England or of the
descendants of Englishmen abroad; a large-
sized printer's type.

ENGLISH type.

— v. t. To translate into English ; to Anglicize ;
to interpret.

En-gorge7 (en-g6rj'), v. t. & i. To swallow greed-
ily. — En-gorge'ment (-ment), n. A swallow-
ing creedily ; congestion.

En-grave' (e"n-grav'), v. t. To carve devices upon ;
to impress deeply. — En-grav'er, n. — En-grav'-
ing, n. The act or art of cutting devices upon
metal, wood, or stone, esp. for printing on paper ;
an engraved plate ; a print.

En-gross' I en-gros'), v. t. [Engrossed (-grosf) ;
Engrossing.] To copy in a large, fair hand ; to
occupy wholly ; to absorb ; to monopolize. — En-
grosser (-er), v. — En-gross'ment (-ment), n.
An engrossing ; that which has been engrossed ;
exorbitant acquisition.

En-gllli' (Sn-gulf), v. t. To absorb or swallow up
as in a gulf.

En-hance' (en-bans'), v. t. [Enhanced f-hanst') :
Enhancing.] To raise to a higher point, value,
or price ; to advance ; to augment ; to aggravate,
—v. i. To grow larger. — En-hance'ment
(-ment), n. Augmentation ; aggravation.

E-nig'ma (e-mg'ma), n. An obscure question or
saying; puzzle; riddle. — E'nig-mat'ic (e'nig-
mat'ik or en'Tg-), E'nig-mat'ic-al (-i-kal), a.
Containing an enigma ; obscure. — E'nig-mat'-
iC-al-ly, adv. — E-nig'ma-tist (e-nlg'nia-tist),
n. A dealer in riddles.

En-joln' (en-join'), v t. [Enjoined (-joiud') ; En-
joining. ] To command ; to order ; to prohibit
or restrain by a judicial order.

En-joy' (en-joi'), v. t. [Enjoyed (-joid') ; Enjoy-
ing.] To feel or perceive with pleasure ; to pos-
sess ; to use. — En-joy'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Pleasur-
able. — En-joy'ment (-ment), n. Satisfaction ;
gratification ; happiness.

En-kin'dle (en-kin'd'l), v. t. [Enkindled (-d'ld) ;
Enkindling (-dling).] To set on fire ; to in-
flame ; to rouse into action.

En-large' (en-larj'), v. t. & i. [Enlarged
(-larjd') ; Enlarging (-lar' jing).] To swell;
to amplify ; to increase ; to extend ; to expand.

— En-large'ment (-ment), n. Expansion; ex-
tension ; release.

En-light'en (en-lit''n), v.t. [Enlightened
(- 'nd) ; Enlightening.] To supply with light ;
to illuminate ; to instruct. — En - light ' en - er
(-er), n. — En-light'en-ment (-ment), n. Act of
enlightening, or state of being enlightened.

En-list' (en-lTsf), v. t. & i. To enter on' a list ;
to enroll ; to unite to a cause. — En-list'ment
(-ment), n. An enlisting ; a writing by which a
soldier, etc., is bound.

En-liv'en (en-liv''n), r. t. To give life, action, or
motion to ; to cheer ; to animate ; to invigorate.

— En-liv'en-er, n.

En'mi-ty (en'ruT-ty), n. Hatred; hostility; ill-
will; malevolence.

En-no'ble (Sn-no'b'l), v. t. To make noble; to
dignify ; to exalt ; to aggrandize. — En-no'ble-
ment (-ment), n. Act ol ennobling ; dignity.

i'En'nui' (aN'nwe'), n. A feeling of weariness and
disgust ; listlessness ; lassitude. — HEn'nuy'e'
(-nwe'ya'), a. Affected with ennui ; exhausted ;
bored ; used up. — n. One thus affected.

E-nor'mous (e-noVmus), a. Beyond usual rule
or measure ; vast ; immoderate ; excessive ;
atrocious. — E - nor ' mous - ly, adv. — E-nor'-
mous-ness. n. — E-nor'mi-ty (-mT-ty), n. State
of being enormous, monstrous, or outrageous ;
villainy; atrocity.

E-nougli' (e-nuf '), a. Satisfying desire ; adequate.

— adv. Sufficiently ; quite. — n. A sufficiency.

— E-now' (-non'). An obsolete form of enough.
En-quire', v. i. & t. See Inquire.

En-rage7 (en-raj'), v. t. To fill with rage ; to ir-
ritate ; to exasperate ; to anger.

En-rar/ture ( en - r2p ' tur ), v. t. To transport
with pleasure ; to ravish.

En-rav'ish (en-r5v'Ish), v. t. To transport with
delight ; to enchant.

En-rich' (en-rich'), v. t. To make rich ; to adorn ;
to fertilize ; to instruct. — En-rich'ment
(-ment), n. Increase of value ; decoration.

En-robe' (Sn-rob'), V. t. To attire ; to dress.

En-roll' (en-rol'), v. t. To write in a roll or reg-
ister ; to record ; to enlist ; to envelop ; to in-
volve. — En-roll'ment, En-rol'ment (-ment),*.
Act of enrolling ; a register.

En-root' (Sn-robf), v. t. To fix by the root ; to
implant.

! En' route' (Sn' root'). On the way or road.

En sam'ple (Sn-s&ni'p'l), n. An example.

a, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, fi, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, 6bey , Gnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

ENSCONCE

139

ENVY

En-SCOnce' (gn-skons'), v. t. To cover ; to shelter ;

to hide becurely.
HEn'sem'ble (aN'saN'b'l), n. The whole ; all the

part8 taken together, —adv. All at once.
En-Shrine' (en-shrin'), v. t. To inclose in a shrine

or chest ; to cherish.
En-sif'er-ons (gn-sTf'er-us), a. Bearing a sword.

— Eu'si-iorm (en'sT-form), a. Sword-shaped.
En'sign (gn'sin), n. A standard ; a flag ; a banner ;

a signal ; a standard bearer. — En'sign-cy (-sy),
En'sign-ship (-ship), n. The rank or office of
an ensign.

En'si-lage (en'sT-laj), n. Preservation of fodder,
or the fodder preserved, in a silo, or air-tight
pit. — v. t. [Ensilaged (-lujd) ; Ensilaging.]
To preserve (fodder, rye, oats, etc.) in a silo.

En-slave' (gn-slav'), >: t. To reduce to slavery
or bondage. — En-Slave'ment (-ment), n. An
enslaving ; bondage ; servitude, sg

En- sue7 (en - su '), v. t. & i. [En-
sued (-sud') ; Ensuing.] To fol-
low ; to pursue ; to succeed.

En-sure', v. L Sae Insure.

En-tab'la-ture (en-taVla-tur), n. ■
A superstructure resting hori-
zontally upon the columns in
classical architecture, including
architrave, frieze, and cornice.

En-tail' (en-tal'), n. An estate

limited in descent to a particu- Entablature,
lar heir or heirs ; rule by which
the descent is settled.— v. t. [Entailed (-tald'1 ;
Entailing.] To settle or fix inalienably on des-
ignated heirs. — En-tail'ment (-ment), n. Lim-
itation of descent of property.

En-tan'gle (en-tSn'g'l}, v. t. [Entangled (-g'ld) ;
Entangling (-glTng).] To twist or interweave ;
to perplex ; to embarrass ; to bewilder. — En-
tan'gle-ment (-ment), n. Intricacy ; perplexity.

En'ter (en'ter), v. t. & i. [Entered (-terd) ; En-
tering.] To go or come in ; to penetrate ; to
begin ; to record ; to write down.

En'ter-prise (gn'ter-priz), 7i. An undertaking ;
bold attempt ; adventure. — v. t. To under-
take; to venture upon. — En'ter-pris'ing (-pri'-
z Tng), a. Bold or forward to undertake ; active.

En'ter-tain' (gn'ter-tan'), v. t. [Entertained
(-tand') ; Entertaining.] To maintain ; to sup-
port; to engage the attention of; to amuse.

— v. ?'. To receive guests. — En'ter-tain'er, n.

— En'ter-tain'ing, a. Amusing ; diverting. —
En'ter-tain'ment (-ment), n. Amusement ; hos-
pitality ; reception ; repast.

En-throne' (gn-thron'), v. t. To place on a
throne ; to invest with authority. — En-throne'-
ment (-ment). n. An enthroning.

En-thu'si-asm (gn-thu'zT-az'm), n. Ardent zeal
in respect to some object or pursuit; lively
emotion or interest ; fanaticism. — En-thu'si-
ast (-zT-ast), n. One actuated by enthusiasm ;
a fanatic ; a zealot. — En-thu/si-as'tic (-Ss'tik),
En-thu'Si-as'tic-al (-tT-kr/1), a. Filled with
enthusiasm. — En-thu'sl-as'tic-al-ly, adv.

En-tice' (en-tis'), v. t. [Enticed (-tisf) ; En-
ticing (-ti'sTng).] To draw on; to instigate;
to coax; to seduce ; to persuade. — En-tice'-
ment (-ment), n. Allurement ; temptation.

En-tire' (Sn-tlr'), a. Complete in all parts ;
whole; unbroken; full. — En-tire'lV, adv. —
En-tire'ness, En-tlre'ty (-ty), n. Complete-
ness ; integrity.

En-ti'tle (en-tl't'l), v. t. To give a title, right, or
claim to ; to name ; to style.

En'ti-ty (en'ti-ty), n. A real being; essence;
existence.

En-tomb' (en-toom'), v. t. [Entombed (-toomd') ;
Entombing.] To deposit in a tomb ; to bury.

En'to-mol'O-gy (en'to-mol'6-jy), n. Science of
insects. — En ' to - mol' 0 - gist (-jist), n. One
versed in entomology. — En ' to - mo - log ' ic - al
(-mo-loj'T-kal), a. Pertaining to entomology.

En'trails (en'tralz), n. pi. Bowels ; viscera ; in-
testines.

En'trance (en'trans), n. Act or means of enter-
ing, going into, or taking possession ; power to
enter ; door or passage ; commencement ; initi-
ation ; entry.

En-trance'(en- trans ' ), v. t. [Entranced
(-transf) ; Entrancing (-tran'sing).] To put
into a trance ; to ravish ; to enrapture.

En-trap' (en-trap'), v. t. [Entrapped (-trapf) ;
Entrapping.] To catch as in a trap ; to insnare.

En-treat' (en-tref), v. I. & i. To supplicate : to
beseech ; to crave ; to implore. — En-treat'y
(-y), n. Solicitation ; suit ; petition.

HEn'tree' (aN'tra'), n. Entry ; a permission or
right to enter ; a course of dishes, served at the
beginning of dinner, or between the courses.

HEn'tre-pot' (aN'tre-po'), n. A warehouse for de-
posit of goods ; a free port.

En-trust', v. t. See Intrust.

En'try (en'try), n. An entering ; entrance ; in-
gress ; beginning ; passage ; record.

En-twine' (en-twin'), v. t. To twine ; to twist to-
gether.

E-nu'mer-ate (e-nu'mer-at), v. t. To count ; to
number ; to reckon ; to compute ; to recapitu-
late. — E-nu'mer-a'tion (-a'shun), n. An enu-
merating ; detailed account. — E-nu'mer-a-tive
(-a-tiv or -a-tiv), n. Counting up, one by one.

E-nun'ci-ate (e-nun'shi-at), v. I. To announce ;
to utter ; to pronounce. — E-nun ci-a'tion (-si-
a'shun or -shi-a'shiin), n. An utterance ; an
announcement ; a declaration. — E-nun'ci-a-
tive (-shT-a-tYv), E-nun'ci-a-to-ry (-t6-r^), a.
Pertaining to utterance.

En-vei'gle (gn-ve'g'l), v. t. To entice. See In-
veigle.

En-vel'op (en-vel'Sp), v. t. [Enveloped (-Spt) ;
Enveloping.] To surround as a covering ; to
wrap up ; to inclose within a case, wrapper, etc.

— En'vel-ope (en'vel-op or 'aN've-lop'X En-vel'*
op (en-vel'op), n. That which envelops ; wrap-
per ; cover. — En-vel'op-ment (gn-vgl'5p-ment),
n. An enveloping ; inclosing ; cover.

En-ven'om (gn-ven'um), v. t. [Envenomed
(-Quid) ; Envenoming.] To impregnate with
venom : to poison.

En'vi-a-ble (gn'vT-a-b'l), a. Fitted to excite
envy ; desirable. — En'vi-OUS (-us), a. Feeling
or harboring, exhibiting, or directed by, envy.

— En'vi-ous-ly, adv.

En-Vi'ron (gn-vi'run), v. t. To surround ; to en-
circle ; to envelop. — En-vi'ron-ment (-ment),
n. Surroundings. — En-vi'rons (en-vi'runz or
gn'vT-ronz), n. pi. Places surrounding or ad-
joining another ; suburbs.

En'voy (en'voi), n. A messenger ; a diplomatic
minister to a foreign government ; postscript to
a poem, book, etc.

En'vy (gn'vy), n. . Discontent or vexation at an-
other's success ; emulation. — v. t. & i. [Envied

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

EOLIAN

140

EQUESTRIENNE

(-vid) ; Envying.] To regard with discontent
and emulation ; to covet.

E-0'li-an (e-o'lt-an), E-Ol'ic, a. See .Eolian.

E'pact (e'pakt), ft. The excess of the solar year
or month beyond the lunar.

Ep'au-let' (ep'a-lef), Ep'au-lette', ft. A badge
worn on the shoulder by military and naval offi-
cers ; a shoulder knot.

llEpergne' (a'pSrn'), n. An ornamental stand
in the center of a table.

|iE-phem'e-ra (e-fgm'e-ra), n. A fever lasting
but a day ; a short-lived insect. — E-phem'er-
al (-er-al), ft. Lasting but a day ; short-lived ;
fleeting.

Eph'od (ef'od), n. A vestment of Jewish priests,

Ep'ic (epTk), a. Containing narration ; relating
great events. — n. Au heroic poem. [sexes.

Ep'i-cene (ep'T-sen), a. & ft. Common to both

Ep'i-CUre (dp'i-kur), ft. One addicted to sensual
enjoyments; voluptuary. — Ep'i-CU-re'an. (-ku-
re'an or -ku're-an), a. Given to luxury. — n.
One given to sensual indulgence.

Ep'i-cy'cloid (gp'I-si'kloid), n. A curve traced
by a point in the
circumference of a
circle which rolls on
the convex side of a
fixed circle.

Ep'i-dem'ic (eryt-
dem'ik), Ep'i-dem'-
ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Common to a whole
people or commu-
nity ; generally pre-
vailing. — E p ' i -
dem'iC, n. A dis-
ease which affects
numbers of persons
at the same time.

Ep'i-der'mis (eryi-der'mis), ft. The cuticle or
scarfskin.

Ep'i-glOttiS (er/T-glot'tis), ft. A leaf -shaped
cartilage, which prevents food or drink from
entering the larynx while eating.

Ep'i-gram (gpT-gram), n. A short poem treating
concisely a single topic. — Ep'i-gram-mat'ic
(-matlk), Ep'i-gram-maf ic-al (-T-kal), a. Like
an epigram ; concise ; pointed. — Ep ' i - gram -
mat'ic-al-ly, adv. — Ep/i-gram'ma-tist (-gram'-
ma-tTst), n. A dealer in epigrams.

Ep'i-graph (gp'T-graf), ft. An inscription; a
motto.

Ep'i-lep'sy (gpT-lgp'sy), n. The "falling sick-
ness ; " a disease of the brain attended by par-
oxysms and loss of consciousness. — Ep'i-lep'tic
(-lep'tik), a. Pertaining to, or affected with,
epilepsy, —n. A sufferer from epilepsy ; a med-
icine for epilepsy.

Ep'i-logue (gp'T-15g), n. A short poem at the
end of a play ; the closing part of a discourse.

E-piph'a-ny (e-pTf'a-ny), ft. An appearance ;
manifestation ; a church festival (January 6th)
celebrating the visit of the wise men to the
child Jesus nt Bethlehem.

E-pis'CO-pal (e-pts'ko-pol), a. Governed by bish-
ops ; belonging to, or vested in, bishops or prel-
ates. — E-pis'CO-pa'li-an (-palT-an), a. Per-
taining to episcopacy ; episcopal. — ft. One who
adheres to the episcopal form of church gov-
ernment; a churchman. — E-pls'CO-pal-ly ft-
pTsHco-pal-iy), adv. — E-pls'CO-pa-cy (-pa-sy),

Epicvcloid. v Point on
tolling Circle.

| ft. Government of the church by bishops, or

' by three distinct orders of ministers — bishops,

priests, and deacons. — E-pis'CO-pate (-pat), ft.

A bishopric ; office and dignity of a bishop ;

the collective body of bishops.

Ep'i-sode (ep'I-sod), n. An incidental narrative,
or digression. — Ep ' i - SOd ' ic (-sSdlk), Ep'l-
Sod'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, or con-
tained in, an episode.

E-pis'tle (e-pis''l), n. A writing directed to a
person ; a letter. — E-pis'to-la-ry (-to-la-rj), a.
Pertaining to, or contained in, letters.

Ep'i-taph (ep'T-taf ), ft. An inscription on a mon-
ument, in memory of the dead.

Ep'i-thet (ep'T-thet), ft. An adjective expressing
some quality appropriate to a person o: tl ing ;
a title ; an appellation. — Ep'i-thef ic (-tLetTk),
a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or abounding in,
epithets.

E-pit'0-me (e-pit'6-me), ft. A brief summary ; a
compendium ; an abstract ; a synopsis. —
E-pit'o-mize (-miz), v. t. To shorten or abridge.

— E-pit'o-mist (-mist), E-pit'o-miz'er, n.
Ep'i-ZO'O-ty (ep'T-zo'6-ty), n. An epidemic dis-
ease among horses and cattle ; influenza ; mur-
rain.— Ep'i-ZO-Ot'ic (-zo-ot'Tk), a. Epidemic
among animals. — n. Epizooty.

Ep'och (ep'ok or e'pgk), n. A fixed point of
time ; era ; date ; period ; age.

Ep'ode (eVod), ft. The third or last part of the
ode; a kind of lyric poem in which a longer
verse is followed by a shorter one.

Ep/0-pee/ (ep'6-pe7), ft. An epic poem ; the action,
or fable, of an epic poem.

Ep'som salt/ (gp'sum salt'). Sulphate of mag-
nesia, having cathartic qualities.

E'qua-fcle (e'kwa-b'l), a. Equal and uniform;
not variable or changing. — E'qua-foly, adv. —
E'qua-bil'i-ty (-bTlT-ty), n.

E'qual (e^kwal), a. Like in magnitude, value,
degree, etc. ; fit ; equable ; uniform ; ade-
quate ; fair ; just ; equitable. — ft. One not
inferior or superior to another. — v. t. Equaled
(e'kwald) or Equalled ; Equaling or Equal-
ling.] To be or become equal to ; to equalize.

— E'qual-ly, adv. — E-qual'i-ty (e-kw51'T-t?),
n. Condition or quality of being equal ; exact
agreement between two expressions or magni-
tudes with respect to quantity. — E'qual ize
(e'kwal-Iz), v. t. To make equal ; to pronounce
equal ; to compare as equal. — E'qual-i-za'lioil
(-T-za'shun), n. Act of equalizing.

Equa-nim'i-ty (e'kwa-nTm'T-ty), ft. Evenness
of mind ; composure ; calmness.

E-quate' (e-kwaf), V. t. To make equal ; to reduce
to an average. — E-qua'tion (-kwa'shiin), w. A
making equal ; equal division ; an expression of
equality between two quantities or sets of quan-
tities, by placing the sign = between them.

E-qua'tor (e-kwa'ter), ft. A great circle equally
distant from the two poles, and dividing the
earth's surface into two hemispheres. — E qua-
to'ri-al (e'kwa-to'rT-fll), a. Pertaining to the
equator. —ft. An astronomical instrument for
telescopic observation of celestial bodies.

Eq'uer-ry (gk'wgr-r^ or e-kweVry), Eq'ue-ry
(Sk'wg-rjr), n. One of a prince's retinue, in
charge of his horses.

E-ques'tri-an (e-kwgs'trT-an), a. Pertaining to
horses, horsemanship, or ancient knighthood. —
n. A horseman ; a rider. — E - ques ' tri - enne '

5, 5,1, 5, u, long i a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; Ben&te. fivent, Idea, 6bey, tlnite, cfcre, arm, ask, all, final,

EQUESTRIANISM

141

ERUDITION

e'Kwi-lrbrat ), v. t. To balance
:ales, sides, or ends) ; a

uipoise. — E'qui-li- /\
ra'shun), n. A keep- / \
seven; an equipoise. / \

-ty (-lib'rT-ty), n. ' \

Like

(-en'), n. A horsewoman. — E-ques'trl-an-ism

(-an-iz'm), n. Horsemanship.
E'qui-an'gU-lar (e'kwi-an'gu-ler), a. Consisting

of, or having, equal angles.
E/qui-dis'tant (e'kwi-diVtant), a. Being at an

equal distance from the same point.
E'qui-lat'er-al (e'kwi-lat/er-al), a. Having all

the sides equal.
E'qui-li'brate ( e/kwi-ll'brat ), v. t. To balance

equally (two scales, sides, or ends) ;

to keep in equipoise. —

bra'tion (-li-bra'shun)

ing the balance

— E'qui-lib'ri-ty (-llb'rl-ty)
State of being equally balanced. Equilateral.

— E/qui-lib'ri-um (-rT-um), n.

Equality of weight or force ; just poise or bal-
ance ; equal balancing of the mind between mo-
tives or reasons.

E'qui-mul'ti-ple ( e'kwT-mul'tT-p'l ), a. Multi-
plied by the same number or quantity. — n.
Product of multiplying two or more primitive
quantities by the same number or quantity.

E-qui'nal (e-kwi'nal), E'quine (e'kwin), a. \
or pertaining to a horse.

E'qui-nox (e'kwT-noks), n. Time (about March
21 and September 22) when the sun enters the
equinoctial points. — E'qui-noc'tial (-nSk'ahal),
a. Pertaining to the equinoxes, the regions
of the equinoctial line or equator, or the time
when the sun enters the equinoctial points. —
n. The celestial equator. — Equinoctial points.
The two points where the celestial equator and
ecliptic intersect each other.

E-quip' (e-kwlp' ), v. t. [Equipped (-kwTpf);
Equipping.] To dress ; to arm ; to supply with
all requirements. — E-quip'ment (-inent), n.
Act of equipping ; equipage. — Eq ' ui - page
(ek'wT-paj), n. Furniture (of a ship, soldier,
army, etc.); accoutrements; retinue.

E'qui-poise (e'.*wT-poiz), n. Equality of weight
or force ; equilibrium ; balance.

E'qui-pol'lent (e'kwl-pol'lent), a. Having equal
force ; equivalent.

E'qui-pon'der-ance (e/kwT-pon'der-crns), n. An
equality of weight; equipoise. — E qui-pDii'-
der-ant (-ant), a. Having the same weight. —
E'qui-pon'der-ate (-at), v. i. To be equal in
weight. — v. t. To counterbalance.

Eq'ui-ty (gk'wT-ty), n. The giving each man his
due ; justice ; impartiality ; rectitude ; upright-
ness. — Eq'tti-ta-ble ( -ta-b'l ), a. Possessing
equity ; just ; honest ; impartial ; upright. —
Eq'ui-ta-ble-ness, n. — Eq'ui-ta-bly, adv.

E-quiV'a-lent (e-kwi v'a-leut), a. Equal in value,
power, dimensions, etc. —n. Something equiva-
lent. — E-quiv'a-lence (-lens), E-quiv'a-len-cy
(-len-sy), n. Equality of value, force, etc.

E-quiv'o-cal (e-kwi v'o-kal), a. Having different
significations; ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain.

— E-quiv'o-cal-ly, adv. — E-quiv'o-cal-ness, n.

— E-quiV'o-cate (-kat)t v. i. To use words
of equivocal signification; to prevaricate; to
evade; to shuffle.— E-quiv'O-ca'tion (-ka'-
shun), n. Ambiguity of speech ; evasion ; quib-
bling. — E-quiv'o-ca'tor (-ter), n. — Eq'ui-
voque, Eq'tti-voke (gk'wT-vok or e'kwT-; F.
a'ke'vSk'), n. An ambiguous term ; a quibble.

E'ra (e'ra), n. A fixed point of time, from which

to commite ; enoch ; date ; period ; age.
E-rad'i-cate (e-r&i'T-kat), v. t. To pull up by

the roots ; to extirpate ; to root out ; to exter-
minate; to destroy. — E-rad'i-ca'tion (-ka'-
shvin), n. Extirpation. — E-rad'i-ca-tive (-ka-
tlv), a. Tending to eradicate.

E-rase7 (e-raV), v. t. [Erased (-rasf) ; Erasing.]
To rub or scrape out ; to efface ; to obliterate. —
E-ras'er (-raster), n. — E-ra'sure (-ra'zhur), n.
Obliteration.

Ere (ar or Sr), adv. & prep. Before ; sooner
than ; rather than.

E-rect7 ( e - rekt ' ), a. Upright ; perpendicular ;
uplifted ; bold. — r. t. To set upright ; to lif t
up ; to raise ; to establish ; to found. — E-recf
ly, adv. — E-rect'er, n. — E-rect/ile (-11 or -ii),
a. Capable of being erected or dilated. — E-rec'-
tion (-rek'shun), n. An erecting ; thing erect-
ed ; building of any kind. — E-rect'ive (-rekf-
Tv), a. Setting upright ; raising.

Erelong' (ar'long' or Sr'-), adv. Soon; before
long.

HEr'go (er'go ), conj. or adv. Therefore; conse-
quently.

Er'got (er'got), n. A disease of rye and other
grains; spawn of the fungus causing this dis-
ease, used medicinally to arrest bleeding, also
a dangerous poison ; a horny growth below the
pastern joint of a horse.

Er'mine (er'mTn), n. An animal of the weasel
kind ; a stoat;
the fur of this an-
imal, used for
trimming the
robes of royalty,
judges, etc. ;
the office, digni-
ty, or integrity,
of a judge.

Erode' (e-roi'), v.
corrode. — E-ro'sion (e-ro'zhim), n.
away; corrosion; canker.

Er'pe-tol'0-gy (er'pe-tol'o-jy), n. See Herpetol-
ogy.

Err (er), v. i. [Erred (erd) ; Erring (er'rYng or
er'-).] To wander from the rieht way ; to mis-
take.— Er'rant (er'rant), a. Wandering; rov-
ing ; extravagant ; arrant.

El'rand (er'raud), n. Business intrusted to a
messenger ; message ; commission.

"Er-ra'ta (er-ra'ta), n. pi. See Erratum.

Er-rat/ic (er-rat'Tk), Er-ratAc-al (-i-kal), a. Rov-
insr about without a fixed destination ; eccentric.

— Er-rat'ic-al-ly, adv.

lEr-ra'tlim (er-ra'tum), n. ; pi. Errata (-ra'ta).
An error or mistake in writing or printing.

Er'ror (er'rer), n. A wandering from the right
course ; want of truth ; violation of duty ; blun-
der ; transgression ; fault ; deviation. — Er-ro'-
ne-OUS (Sr-ro'ne-vis), a. Containing error ; false.

— Er-ro'ne-ous-ly, adv.— Er-ro'ne-ous-ness, n.
Erst (erst), adv. First ; at first ; once ; long ago.
Er'U-bes'cent (eVu-bes'sent), a. Red ; blushing.

— Er'u-bes'cence (-sens), Er-u-bes'cen-cy (-s«n-
sf), n. Redness ; a blushing.

E-ruct' (e-rukf), E-ruc'tate (e-riik'tat), v. t. To
eject (wind) from the stomach ; to belch. — Er'-
UC-ta'tion (eVuk-ta'shiin or e'ruk-), n. A belch-
ing of wind from the stomac i ; ejection of wind
or other matter from the earth.

Er'U-dite (eVu-dit), a. Having extensive reading
or knowledge ; learned. — Er'U-di'tion (-dlsh'-
uu), n. Literature; learning.

Ermine.

To eat into or away ; to
An eating

fgrn, recent, oro, ruue, iuii, urn, lood, loot, out, oil, cliair, go, euig, ink, tnen, thin.

ERUPTION

142

ETERNAL

m

E-mption (e-rur/shun), n. A breaking or bursting
forth; a cutaneous disease. — E-mp'tive (-tTv),
a. Breaking forth ; attended with eruption, or
produced by eruption.

Er'y-sip'e-las (gr'I-sTp'e-lflrs), n. St. Anthony's
fire ; a febrile disease, with inflammation of the
skin. — Er'y-si-pel'a-tous (-sl-pgl'a-tus), Er'y-
sip'e-l0US(-sip,e-lus), a. Resembhng erysipelas.

Es/ca-lade/ (gs/ka-lad'), n. An attack on a forti-
fied place. — v. t. To mount by ladders ; to scale
(a rampart, etc.).

Es-cal'op (es-kol'up), n. A bivalve shell ; a curv-
ing indenture in the margin of anything.

Es ca-pade' (gs'ka-pad'), n. A fling or backward
kick of a horse ; an impropriety of speech or
behavior ; a freak ; a prank.

Es-Cape' (es-kar/), v. t. To avoid ; to flee ; to
shun by flight ; to evade. — v. i. To hasten
away ; to avoid injury, —n. Flight ; deliverance.

Es-Cape'ment ( -ment ), n. An escape ; a contriv-
ance in a timepiece which regulates
its movements and allows a tooth to
escape from a pallet at each vibra-
tion.

Es'char (gs'kar), n. A dry crust or
scab.

Es-Cheaf (gs-chef), n. Reversion of _

lands to the state, etc., through E^apement.
failure of legal owners ; lands thus reverting ;
reversion. — v. i. To revert or become for-
feited to the lord or the state.

Eschew' (gs-chu'), v. t. [Eschewed (-chud') ;
Eschewing.] To flee from ; to shun ; to avoid.

Es'cort (eVk6rt), n. A guard from place to place ;
protection. —Es-COrt' (es-k6rtr), v. t. To at-
tend ; to protect ; to accompany as safeguard.

Es'cri-toire' (gs'krT-twar'), n. A writing desk.

Es'CU-lent (gs'ku-lent), a. Fit for food ; edible.
— n. Anything eatable.

Es-CUtcb/eon (gs-kucb/un), n. A shield ; a coat
of arms ; a metal plate which finishes a door.

Es'ki-mo (es'ki-mo), Es'qui-mau, n. One of
the race in-
habiting Arc-
tic America
and Green-
land— Eski-
mo dog. A
powerful
dog, akin to
the wolf, used
by the Eski-
mos to draw
eled ges.

E-soph'a-gus (e-s5f'a-gus), (E-sopb/a-gus, v.
The passage through which food and drink pass
to the stomach ; the gullet.

Es'O-ter'ic (gs'6-tgr'Tk), a. Designed for, and un-
derstood by, the initiated alone ; private ; secret.

Es-pal'ier (os-pal'yer), n. A frame or lattice to
train trees and shrubs on.

HEs-par'tO (gs-par'to), n. Spanish grass, from
which are made cordage, baskets, paper, etc.

Es-pe'cial (gs-pgsh'wl), a. Peculiar ; special ; par-
ticular ; chief. — Es-pe'Cial-ly, adv.

Es-pl'al (gs-pi'al), n. An espying ; observation ;
discovery. — Es'pi-0-nage ( gs ' pi - 1> - naj or
-nazh'), n. Practice or employment of spies;
secret watching.

Es'pla-nade' (gs'pla-nad'), n. A clear space be-
fore a fortification, or for public walks or drives.

Es-pouse' (gs-pouz'), v. t. [Espoused (-pouzd') ;
Espousing.] To give as spouse; to marry; to
wed ; to adopt ; to embrace. — Es-pous'al (-al),
n. Marriage ; adoption.

Es-py' (es-pi'), v. t. & i. [Espied (-pid') ; Espy-
ing.] To discern ; to find out ; to descry ; to spy.

Es'qui-mau, n. See Eskimo, n.

Es-quire' (es-kwir'), n. A shield-bearer ; an at-
tendant on a knight ; a title of dignity below a
knight. — v. t. To wait on ; to attend.

Es'say (gs'sa), n. A trial ; attempt ; short inform-
al treatise. — Es-say' (gs-sa'), v. t. [Essayed
(-sad') ; Essaying.] To try ; to attempt. — Es'-
Say-ist (-sa-ist), n. A writer of essays.

Es'sence (gs'sens), n. Constituent qualities of a
thing ; purely spiritual being ; odor ; scent. —
v. t. To perfume ; to scent. — Es-sen'tial (es-
sgn'shcrl), a. Belonging to the essence; neces-
sary to existence ; highly important ; pure j
unmixed. — n. First or constituent principle.

— Es-sen'ti-dl'1-ty (-sln-al'I-ty). Es-sen'tial-
ness (-shal-ngs), n. — Es-sen'tial-ly, adv.

Es-tab'lish (gs-tab'lish), v. t. [Established
(-lisht) ; Establishing.] To make stable or
firm ; to settle ; to ordain ; to found ; to insti-
tute. — Es-tab'lish-ment (-ment), n. Settle-
ment ; confirmation ; form of government ;
style of living ; place of residence or business.

Es-tate' (es-tat/), n. Fixed condition of any thing
or person ; rank ; property, esp. in land ; one
of the classes of men constituting the state.

Es-teem' (gs-tem'), v. t. [Esteemed (-temd') ; Es-
teeming.] To set a value on ; to estimate ; to
regard with respect or affection. — n . High esti-
mation ; great regard. — Es'ti-ma-ble (es'tT-ma-
b'l), a. Capable of being estimated or valued ;
worthy of respect. — Es'ti-ma-ble-ness, n.

Es'thete, etc. See under ^Esthetic, a.

Es'ti-mate (es'tT-mat), v. t. To form an opinion of
the value of ; to appreciate ; to rate ; to count ; to
calculate. — Es'ti-mate Gniat), n. Approximate
judgment as to amount, cost, etc. — Es'ti-ma'-
tor (-ma'ter), n. — Es'ti-ma-tive (-ma-tiv), a.
Inclined, or able to estimate. — Es'ti-ma'tion
(-ma'shun), n. An estimating ; an opinion ; cal-
culation ; appraisement ; esteem ; regard.

Es'ti-val (gs'tT-val or gs-ti'-), a. Pertaining to the
summer.

Estop' (gs-top'), v. t. [Estopped (-topf) ; Es-
topping.] To impede ; to stop the progress of.

— Es-top'pel (-top'pel), n. A conclusive admis-
sion, which cannot be denied or controverted.

Es-trange' (gs-tranj'), v. t. [Estranged (-tranj(l') ;
Estranging.] To make strange ; to keep at a
distance; to alienate.— Es-trange'ment (-ment V
n. Alienation ; removal.

Es-tray' (gs-tra')> n. A valuable animal, wander-
ing from its owner ; a stray.

Es'tU-a-ry (gs'tu-a-r^), n. A narrow passage,
where the tide meets the current; an arm of
the sea ; a frith.

HE'ta'gere' (Saa/zhSr'), n. A piece of furniture
having shelves, one above another.

Etch (gch), v. t. [Etched (edit) ; Etching.] To
engrave (figures or designs) on metal, glass,
etc., by lines eaten in by acid. — v. i. To prac-
tice etching. — Etch'lng, n. Art of etching;
a print from an etched plate.

E-ter'nal (e-teVnol), a. Without beginning or end
of existence ; everlasting ; immortal ; perpetual ;
immutable, —n. That which has no beginning

a, e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; sen&te, Svent, Idea, &bey , flnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

ETERNALLY

143

EVENTUALLY

or end ; the Deity ; God. — E-ter'nal-ly, adv.

— E-ter'ni-ty (-nT-ty), n. The condition or
quality of being eternal; the condition which
begins at death. — E-ter'nize (-niz), v. t. To
make eternal or endless ; to immortalize.

E'ther (e'ther), n. A subtle fluid supposed to per-
vade space ; a light, volatile, and inflammable
fluid, produced by distillation of alcohol with sul-
phuric acid. — E'ther-ize (-iz), v. t. To convert
into ether ; to put under the influence of ether.

— E-the're-al (e-the're-al), a. Pertaining to the
ether ; celestial ; light or airy ; derived from, or
relating to, ether. — E-the're-al-ize (-iz), v. t. To
convert into, or saturate with, ether ; to render
ethereal or spiritlike.

Eth/ic (eth'Tk), Eth'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Relating to
manners or morals ; treating of, or containing
precepts of, morality. — Eth'ic-al-ly, adv. —
Eth/iCS (-Tks), n. Science of duty.

E'thi-op (e/thi-op),E/thi-0'pi-an (-o'pT-an), n.
A native of Ethiopia. — E"thi-0'pi-an, E'tM-
op'ic (-op 'Ik), a. Belonging to Ethiopia. —
E'thi-op'lc, n. The language of Ethiopia.

Eth'nic (eth'nik), Eth'nic-al (-nT-kal), a. Be-
longing to races ; heathen ; pagan.

Eth-nog'ra-phy (eth-nog'ra-fy), n. Description
of the different races of men, with their char-
acteristics, habits, etc. — Eth - nog ' ra - pher
(-fer), n. — Eth/no-graph/ic (eth'no-graf'Ik),
Eth/no-graph'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to
ethnography. — Eth-nol'O-gy (-nol'o-jy ), n. Sci-
ence of the division of man into races, their
origin, differences, etc. — Eth-nol'O-gist (-jTst),
n. — Eth/no-log'ic (eth/no-loj'ik), EUl'no-lOg'-
ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to ethnology.

E'ti-o-late (e'tT-6-lat), v. i. & t. To whiten by
absence of light. — E'ti-O-la'tion (-la'shun), n.
Bleaching or paleness produced by absence of
light or by disease.

Et'i-quette7 (et'T-kef), n. The observance of the
proprieties required by good breeding ; conven-
tional decorum ; ceremony.

Et'na (et'na), n. A portable cooking apparatus,
heated by a spirit lamp.

Efy-mol'0-gy (et'T-mol'6-jy), n. Science of the
origin and derivation of words. — Et/y-mol'O-
gist (-jist), n. One versed in etymology. — Et'-
y-mo-log'iC-al (-mo-loj'T-kal), a. Pertaining to
etymology. — Et'y-mo-log'ic-al-ly, adv.

Et/y-mon Jet'T-nion), n. An original form ; a
primitive word ; a root.

En'cha-rist (u'ka-rTst), n. Sacrament of the
Lord's supper; communion. — Eu'cha-ris'tic
(-ris'tik), Eucha-ris'tic-al (-tl-kal), a. Per-
taining to the Lord's supper.

En'Chre (u'ker), n. A game at cards, played by
two, three, or four persons, with a portion of
the pack used in whist. — v. t. To defeat (the
side making the trump) in the game of euchre ;
to foil thoroughly.

Eulo-gy (u'lo-jy), n. A speech or writing com-
mending the character or services of a person ;
praise ; encomium ; panegyric. — Eu ' lo - gist
(-jTst), n. One who eulogizes. — Eu'lo-gis'tic
(-jTs'tlk), a. Commendatory; laudatory. —
Eu-lo'gi-um_(u-lo'ji-um), n. A formal eulogy. —
Eu'lo-gize (u'lo-jiz), v. t. To praise.

Eu/nuch. (u'nuk), n. A human male castrated,
often employed as a chamberlain.

l!Eu-pep'si-a (u-pep'sT-aor-sha), En-pep'sy (-sy),
n. Good digestion ; — opposed to dyspepsia. —

En-peptiC (-pep'tTk), a. Having good diges-
tion ; easy of digestion.

Eu'phe-mism (u'le-mTz'in), n. A delicate word
or expression used for a harsh or indelicate one.

Eu'phO-ny(u/fo-ny),«. Agreeable sound ; smooth
enunciation of sounds. — Eu-phon'ic (u-fon'Ik),
En-phon'ic-al (-T-kal), En-pho'ni-ous (-fo'm-
us), a. Agreeable in sound. — Eu'pho-non (u'fo-
non), n. A musical instrument, like the organ
in tone, and upright piano in form.

En/phu-ism (u'fu-Tz'm), n. Affected elegance
of language. — Eu'phu-ist (-Tst), n.

Eu-ra'sian (5-ra'shan), a. Pertaining to both Eu-
rope and Asia. — n. A child of a European and
an Asiatic parent, or one of European parent-
age, but born in Asia.

HEll-re'ka (u-re'ka). [Gr. "I have found it."] A
triumphant exclamation on making a discovery.

EuTO-pe'an (u'ro-pe'an), a. Pertaining to Eu-
rope. — n. A native or an inhabitant of Europe.

Eu tha-na'si-a (u^tha - na ' zhT - a), Eu-tian'a-sy
(u-than'a-sy or u'tha-na'zy), n. An easy death.

E- vac'U-ate (e-vak'u-at), v. t. To make empty ; to
eject ; to void ; to quit. — E-vac'U-a-tor (-a'ter),
n. — E-vac'U-ant (-u-ant), a. Evacuative. — n.
A purgative or cathartic. — E-vac'U-a'tion (-a'-
shun), n. An evacuating; withdrawal; that
which is discharged, esp. from the bowels. —
E-vac'U-a-tive (e-v5k'u-a-tTv), a. Serving to
evacuate ; cathartic ; purgative.

E-vade7 (e-vad'), v. t. & i. To elude ; to escape.

Ev'a-nes'cent (ev'a-neVsent), a. Vanishing;
fleeting; imperceptible. — E V ' a - nes ' cence
(-sens), n. Disappearance.

E- van/gel (e-van'jgl), n. Good news ; the gospel.

— E/van-gel/ic (e'van-jel'Tk or ev'an-), E'van-
gelric-al (-T-kal), a. Contained in, relating to, or
consonant with, the gospel ; orthodox. — E7 van-
gel'ic-al-ly, adv. — E/van-gel'i-cism (-jel'I-
siz'm), n. Evangelical principles. — E-van'-
gel-ism (e-vau'jel-Tz'm), n. Promulgation of
the gospel. — E-van'gel-ist (-Tst), n. One of
the writers of the gospel history ; a missionary
preacher. — E-van'gel-ize (-iz), v. t. & i. To
instruct in the gospel.

E-vap'O-rate (e-vap'o-rat), v. i. & t. To pass off in
vapor ; to dissipate ; to waste. — E-vap'O-ra'tiOtt
(-ra/shun), n. Conversion of a fluid into vapor.

— E-vap'O-ra-tive (-v5p'6-ra-tTv), a. Pertain-
ing to, or producing, evaporation.

E-va'sion (e-va'zhun), n. An evading; subter-
fuge; prevarication; equivocation. — E-va'sive
(-sTv), a. Tending to evade, or marked by eva-
sion. — E-va'sive-ly, adv.

Eve (ev), E'ven (e'v'n), n. Evening ; evening
preceding some particular day, as Christmas eve
is the evening before Christmas.

E'ven (e'v'a), a. Level, smooth, or equal in
surface ; uniform ; fair ; equitable ; not odd ; ca-
pable of division by 2 ; — said of numbers. — v. t.
To make even ; to level ; to balance.— adv. Ex-
actly ; equally ; at the very time ; so much as.

— E'ven-ly, adv. — E'ven-ness, n.
E'ven-ing (e'v'n-Tng or ev'uTng), n. Close of the

day ; beginning of night.
E-vent' (e-vent'), n. That which falls out or hap-
pens ; incident ; occurrence ; result ; conse-
quence ; end. — E-vent'ful (-ful), a. Full of
incidents ; momentous. — E-ven'tu-al (-ven'-
tu-al), a. Happening as a consequence or re-
sult ; final; ultimate. — E-Ven'tn-al-lV, adv.—'

fern, recent, orb, rude, full,, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, fhi>,

EVENTUATE

144

EXCHANGE

E-ven'tU-ate (e-ven'tu-at), v. i. To issue ; to
close ; to end.

EVer (eVer), adv. At any time ; at all times ;
always ; without interruption ; to the end.

EVer-glade (gv'er-glad), n. Low laud inundated
with water and bearing grass.

EVer- green (ev'er-gieu), a. Always green. —
n. A plant that retain.^ leaves all the year.

EVer-last'ing (eVer-last'Ing), a. Lasting for-
ever; immortal; eternal, — n. Eternal dura-
tion ; eternity ; a woolen stuff for shoes, etc. ;
lasting ; a plant, whose flowers dry without
losing form or color. — EVer-last'ing-ly, adv.

Ev'er-more' (ever-mor'), adv. Always ; eter-
nally.

EVer-y (ev'er-y), a. Each one of a whole. —
Ev'er-y-bod'y (-bod'y), Ev'er-y-one' (-wun'),
tt., also Every one. Every person. — Ev'-
er-y-day' (-da'), a. Used or fit for every day ;
common ; usual ; customary. — EVer-y-thing'
(-thing'), n. Whatever belongs to the matter
considered ; all things. — Ev ' er - y - Where '
(-hwSr'), adv. In every place; in all places;
thoroughly ; altogether.

E-Vict' (e-vTkf), v. I. To dispossess by judicial
process ; to eject ; to oust. — E-vic'tion (-vik'-
shun), n. Dispossession.

EVi-dent (ev'i-dent), a. Clear to the vision or
understanding ; plain ; obvious. — EVi-dent-ly,
adv. — EVi-dence ( - dens ), n. That which
makes evident ; ground of belief ; conclusive
testimony ; witness. — v. t. To show ; to prove.

E'vil (e'v'l), a. Having bad natural or moral
qualities ; worthless ; hurtful ; wicked ; wrong ;
calamitous. — n. Injury ; calamity ; wicked-
ness. — adv. In an evil manner ; not well ; ill.

E-Vince' (e-vTns'), v. t. [Evinced (-vinsf);
Evincing (-vin'sing).] To prove beyond rea-
sonable doubt ; to make evident. — E-Vin'ci-ble
(-vln'sT-b'l), a. Demonstrable. — E-Vin'cive
(-si v), a. Tending to prove ; demonstrative.

E-VlS'cer-ate (e-vis'ser-at), v. t. To take out the
entrails of ; to embowel or disembowel ; to gut.
— E-vis'cer-a'tionC-a'shun).?!. An eviscerating.

EVi-ta-ble (eVT-ta-b'l), a. Capable of being
shunned ; avoidable.

E-voke' (e-vok'), v. t. [Evoked (-vokf) ; Evok-
ing.] To call outj to summon forth.

Ev'O-lu'tion (Sv'6-lu'shiin), n. An evolving, un-
folding, or unrolling; growth; development;
prescribed or regular movement. — Ev'O-lu'-
tion-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Pertaining to evolution.

E-V0lve' (e-v51v'), v. t. [Evolved (-\51vd') •
Evolving.] To unfold or unroll ; to develop;
to emit. — v . i. To become developed.

Ewe (u), n. A female sheep.

Ew'er (u'er), n. A wide-
mouthed jug or pitcher.

Ex-ac'er-bate (egz-aVer-bat),
v. t. To irritate ; to exasper-
ate. — Ex - ac i er - ba ' tion
(-ba'shun), n. An intensify-
ing; periodical increase of
violence in a disease.

Ex-act' (egz-5kf), a. Precisely
correct or regular ; precise ;
nice; careful, —v. t. To de-
mand ; to require of right ; to
extort. — Ex-act'ly, adv. —
Ex-act'ness, n. Ex-act'er (-er), Ex-act'or. n.
— Ex-ac'tion (8gs-5k'shun), v. Authoritative

Ewer.

demand ; extortion ; tribute. — Ex-act'i-tude
(-akt'T-tud), n. Exactness.

Ex-ag'ger-ate (egz-aj'er-at), v. t. To increase ; to
heighten ; to represent as greater than truth will
warrant. — Ex-ag'ger-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Rep-
resentation beyond the truth ; hyperbole ; over-
statement.

Ex-alt' (egz-alf), v. t. To elevate ; to lift up ; to
dignify ; to magnify ; to elate. — Ex'al-ta'tion
(-al-ta'shuu), n. A raising ; elevation.

Ex-am'ine (egz-am'Tn), v. t. [Examined (-Tnd) ;
Examining.] To inspect ; to scrutinize ; to search
into; to explore. — Ex-am'in-er, n. — Ex-am'i-
na'tion (-T-na'shun), n. An examining ; search ;
investigation ; inquiry.

Ex-am'ple (egz-am'p'l), n. A pattern ; model ;
sample ; specimen ; warning ; caution.

Ex-as'per-ate (egz-as'per-at), v. t. To irritate ;
to provoke ; to enrage. — Ex-as'per-a'tion (-a'-
shun), n. Irritation ; provocation ; exacerba-
tion (of a disease).

Ex'ca-vate (eks'ka-vat), v. t. To hollow outf
to form a cavity in ; to form by hollowing. — ■
Ex'ca-va'tor (-\ ater), n. — Ex'ca-va'tion (-va'-
shiin), n. An excavating ; a cavity ; an uncov-
ered cutting in the earth.

Ex-ceed' (ek-sed'), v. t. & i. To surpass ; to ex-
cel ; to transcend. — Ex-ceed'ing, a. More than
usual or sufficient ; measureless.— adv. Surpass-
ingly ; transcendently. — Ex-ceed'ing-ly, adv.
To a very great degree ; very much.

Ex-cel' (Sk-sSl'), v. t. & i. [Excelled (-sgldO ;
Excelling.] To exceed ; to surpass. — Ex'-
Cel-lent (Sk'sSl-lent), a. Excelling in value,
worth, etc. ; choice ; valuable ; exquisite. —
Ex'cel-lent-ly, adv. — Ex'cel-lence (-lens), n.
State or quality of being excellent ; eminence ;
goodness ; purity ; greatness. — Ex'cel-len-cy
(-len-sy), n. Excellence ; a title of honor given
to high dignitaries of a court, embassadors, etc.

Ex-cel'si-or (Sk-sgl'si-or), a. Higher. — n. Stuff-
ing for upholstery, made of curled shreds of
wood, instead of hair.

Ex-cept' (gk-sgpf), v. I. To leave out ; to exclude.

— v. i. To take exception to ; to object. —prep.
With exclusion of ; leaving out ; excepting. —
conj. Unless; if not. — Ex-cept'ing, prep. &
conj. (prop. p. pr.). With exception of ; ex-
cluding; except. — Ex-cept'or (-er), n. One
who takesexceptions.— Ex-cep'tion (-sgp'shuu),
n. Exclusion ; thing excluded ; objection. —
Ex-cep'tion-al (-al), a. Forming an exception ;
exceptive. — Ex-cep'tion-a-ble, a. Liable to
exception ; objectionable. — Ex-cept'ive (-sepf-
Tv), a. Including or making an exception.

Ex-cerpt' (ek-serpf), v. t. To select ; to extract ;
to cite. — n. An extract ; a quotation. — Ex-
cerp'tor (-serp'ter), n.

Ex-cess' (ek-sgs'), n. State of exceeding or sur-
passing ; superfluity ; intemperance ; dissipa-
tion ; the amount by which one tiling exceeds
another ; remainder. — Ex-cess'ive (-sSs'Tv), o.
Exceeding just limits ; extreme ; vehement. —
Ex-cess'ive-ly, adv.

Ex-Change' (Sks-ohanj'), V. t. [Exchanged
(-chanjd'); Exchanging (-char'jTng).] To give
or take in return for something else; to barter.

— v. i. To be changed or pass in exchange. —
?!. A bartering; thing given in return for some-
thing received ; balancing of accounts; place
where merchants meet to transact business. —

ft, e, i, 6, u, long , a, fi, i, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey ,. unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

EXCHANGER

145

EXERCISE

Ex-chan'ger (-chan'jer), n. — Ex-change'a-ble

(-chauj'a-o'l), a. Fit or proper to be excnauged.
— Ex-change7 a-bil'i-ty (-a-bil'i-ty), n.

Ex-cheq/uer (eks-chek'er), n. An English court
of law, also the governmental department in
charge of the revenue ; the treasury.

Ex-cise' (ek-siz'), n. Duty on goods, —v. t. To
lay duty on ; to tax. — Ex-cis'a-ble (-siz'a-b'l),
a. Liable or subject to excise. — Ex-cise'man
(-man), n. A collector of excise.

Ex-Cise' (ek-slz'), v. t. To cut off or out. — Ex-
ci'sion (-sTzh'un), n. A cutting oft ; extirpa-
tion ; destructiou.

Ex-Cite' (ek-sif), v. t. To call to activity ; to ani-
mate ; to stimulate ; to irritate ; to provoke. —
Ex-cit'er, «. — Ex-Cit'ing, a. Producing excite-
ment. — Ex - cit ' a - ble, a. — Ex-cit/ a-bil'i-ty
(ek-si'ta-bll'I-ty), n. Irritability. — Ex-cit'ant
(-sl'tant), a. Exciting. — n. A stimulant. —
Ex'ci-ta'tion (-sT-ta'shun), n. Act of exciting ;
excitement. — Ex-cite'ment (-sit'ment), n. Agi-
tation ; state of aroused vital activity.

Ex-Claim' (eks-klam'), v. i. [Exclaimed (-klamd') ;
Exclaiming.] To cry out ; to vociferate. — Ex-
claim'er, n. — Ex cla-ma'tion (-kla-ma'shun),
n. An exclaiming ; expression of surprise, joy,
etc. ; a word expressing outcry ; interjection ;
a printer's mark noting emphatic utterance or
outcry, thus [!]. — Ex-clam'a-tive (-klam'a-
tiv), Ex-clam'a-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Containing,
expressing, or using, exclamation.

Ex-Clude' (eks-klud'), v. t. To thrust or shut
out ; to hinder from admission ; to debar. — Ex-
Clu'sion (-klu'zhiin), n. An excluding. — Ex-
Clu'sive (-siv), a. Having the power to exclude;
not taking into the account. — n. One of a
coterie who exclude others. — Ex-clu'sive-ly,
adv. — Ex - clu ' sive - ness, n. — Ex-clu'so-ry
(-so-r^), a. Able to exclude ; exclusive.

Ex-COg'i-tate (eks-koj'I-tat), v. t. To think out ;
to discover by thinking. — Ex - COg' i - ta ' tlon
(-ta'shun), n. Contrivance ; discovery.

Ex com-mu'ni-cate (eks'koin-mu'nl-kat), v. t.
To exclude from communion. — a. Excommu-
nicated.— n. One who has been excommuni-
cated. — Excom-mu'ni-ca'tion (-ka'shQn), n.
Act of excommunicating ; ejection. — Ex'COm-
mu'ai-ca'tor (-mu'nT-ka'ter), n.

Ex-CO'ri-ate (eks-ko'rT-at), v. t. To strip off the
skin of ; to abrade ; to gall. — Ex-Ctfri-a'tion
(-a'ohun), n. An abrasion.

Ex'cre-ment ( eks ' kre - ment ), n. Matter dis-
charged from the body : dung ; ordure. — Ex'-
cre-men'tal (-men't^l), Ex'cre-men-ti'tious
(-tTsh'us), a. Pertaining. to, or containing, ex-
crement.

Ex-cres'cent (eks-kres'sent), a. Growing out
unnaturally. — Ex-cres'cence (-sens), n. Un-
natural growth ; troublesome superfluity.

Ex-Ciete' (eks-kref ), v. t. To discharge from
the body as useless ; to eject. — Ex-cre'tion
( -kre'shun ), n. A throwing off effete matter
from the body ; excrement. — Ex'cre-tive (eks-
kre'tiv or gks'kre-), Ex'cre-tO-ry (-to-ry), a.
Having the quality of excreting. — Ex'cre-tO-ry,
n. A duct to receive and excrete matter.

Ex-cm'ci-ate (Sks-kru'.shT-at). ?•. t. To torture;
to torment. — Ex-cru Ci-a'tion (-a'shiin), n.
Act of inflicting extreme pain ; torture.

Ex-cul'pate (eks-kiil'pat), v. t. To clear from
charge of guilt ; to exonerate ; to excuse ; to

justify. — Ex'CUl-pa'tion (eks'kul-pa'shiin), n.
Excuse. — Ex-CUl'pa-to-ry (-kul'pa-to-ry), a.
Aule to clear from fault ; excusing.

Ex-cur'sion (eks-kflr'ohuu), n. An expedition ;
a trip ; a digression. — Ex-CUT'siOn-ist, n. Oue
who goes on an excursion. — Ex-CUT'sive (-£>Iv),
a. Wandering ; enterprising ; exploring. — Ex-
cur'sive-ly, adv. — Ex-cur'sive-ness, n.

Ex-CUSe' (eks-kuz'), v. t. To exculpate ; to par-
don ; to overlook ; to remit ; to apologize for. —
Ex-CUSe' (-kuV), n. Apology ; justification ;
extenuation. — Ex-CUS'er (-kuz'er), n. — Ex-
cus'a-ble (-a-b'l), «. Pardonable.

Ex'e-crate (Sks'e-krat), v. t. To denounce evil
against ; to abhor ; to curse. — Ex'e-cra-ble
(-kra-b'l), a. Very hateful ; detestable ; abom-
inable. — Ex'e-cra-bly, adv. — Ex ' e - era ' tion
(-kra'shun), n. A curse ; an imprecation.

Ex'e-CUte (eks'e-kut), v. t. To carry into effect ;
to give validity to ; to put to death ; to perform (a
piece of music). — 1> . i. To perform an office or
duty ; to play on a musical instrument. — Ex'e-
CU'ter (-ku'ter), n. — Ex'e-CU'tion (-ku'obun),
n. An executing ; performance ; achieven.ent ;
mode of performing works of art, of performing
on an instrument, of engraving, etc. ; the sign-
ing and sealing a legal instrument ; a putting
to death as a legal punishment. — Ex'e-CU/tion-
er (-er), n. One who carries into effect a judg-
ment of death. — Ex-ec'U-tive (egz-ek'u-tlv),
a. Carrying into effect ; pertaining to the exe-
cution of the laws. — n. An officer or authority
charged with the execution of the laws. — Ex-
ec'U-tant (-taut), n. One who executes or per-
forms ; a performer on a musical instrument.

— Ex-ec'u-tor (-ter), n. One who executes or
performs ; one appointed by a testator to exe-
cute his will ; one who settles an estate. — Ex-
ec'U-tor-ship, n. The office of an executor. —
Ex-ec'U-to-ry (-to-ry), a. Performing official
duties ; executive. — Ex-ec'U-tress (-trgs), Ex-
ec'u-trix (-trlks), n. A female executor.

Ex e-ge'Sis (eks'e-je'bls), n. Science of interpre-
tation ; exposition; explanation (esp. of the
Scriptures). — Ex'e-gete (eks'e-jet), n. Oue
skilled in exegesis. — Ex'e-get'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to exegesis ; explanatory. — Ex'e-
get'ics (-iks), n. The science of interpreta-
tion ; exegesis.

Ex-em'plar (egz-em'pler), n. An example, model,
or pattern, to be imitated. — Ex ' em - pla - ry
(-pla-ry), a. Acting as an exemplar ; serving as
a model ; commendable ; serving as a warning.

Ex-em'pli-fy (epz-em'pl!-ll), v. t. [Exemplified
(-fid); Exemplifying.] To illustrate by ex-
ample. — Ex-em pli-fi-ca'tion. (-fl-ka'shiin), n.
An exemplifying ; a copy ; a transcript.

Ex-empt/ (Sgz-empt/), v. t. To take out or from ;
to free (from obligation or service) ; to release.

— a. Taken out; liberated. — n. One freed froin
duty ; one not subject. — Ex-emp'tion (-emp/-
shun), n. An exempting ; freedom from what
others are subject to ; immunity ; privilege.

HEx'e-qua'tur (eks'e-kwa'tiir), n. Official recog-
nition of a consul or commercial agent; official
sanction.

Ex'er-Cise (eks/er-siz), n. Use ; training ; per-
formance ; exertion ; activity ; trial ; task. —
v. t. [Exercised (-sizd) ; Exercising (-sizing).]
To use ; to employ ; to train ; to discipline ;
to tax ; to vex. — v. i. To take exercise ; to

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

EXERCITATION

146

EXPEDITION

use action. — Ex-er'ci-ta'tion (eks - er ' si - ta ' -

shun), n. Exercise ; use.
Ex-ergue' (egz-erg' or eks'erg'), n. A place on a

coin or medal for the date and engraver's name.
Ex-ert' (egz-erf), v. t. To put forth (strength or

ability); to do; to perform. — Ex-er'tion (-er'-

shiin), n. An exerting; effort; struggle.
Ex-f O'li-ate (eks-fo'll-at), v. i. & U To scale off.

— Ex-fo'li-a'tion (-a'shfin), n. Scaling off of a
bone, rock, mineral, etc.

Ex-hale' (eks-hal' or egz-al'), v. t. & i. [Ex-
haled (-hald') ; Exhaling.] To send out or
emit (vapor, etc.). — Ex-hal/a-ble, a. Capable
of being exhaled. — Ex-hal'ant, a. Having the
quality of exhaling. — Ex'ha-la'tion, n. Evap-
oration ; matter exhaled ; fume ; effluvium.

Ex-haust' (egz-asf), v. t. To draw out or drain off
completely ; to empty ; to expend entirely ; to
wear out ; to weary. — a. Drained ; exhausted ;
having expended or lost its energy. — n. Steam
of an engine, allowed to escape from the cylinder
after having produced motion of the piston ;
foul air drawn from a room by registers, etc. —
Ex-haust'er, n. — Ex-haust'i-ble, a. — Ex-
haust/less, a. — Ex-haus'tion (-as'chun), n.
Act of exhausting ; state of being exhausted. —
Ex-haust'ive (-ast'Tv), a. Serving or tending
to exhaust ; exhibiting all the facts or argu-
ments. — Ex-haust'ive-ly, adv.

Ex-hib'it (ggz-Tb'it or eks-hTb'It), v. t. To dis-
play ; to show publicly. — n. An article shown
in an industrial exhibition ; paper presented as
a voucher, or in proof of facts. — Ex-hib'it-er
(-er), Ex-hib'it-or, n. — Ex'hi-bi'tion (eks'hl-
bTJi'un), n. An exhibiting ; manifestation ;
display ; public show.

Ex-hil'a-rate (egz-il'a-rat or eks-hTl'-), v. t. To
make cheerful or merry ; to enliven ; to cheer. —
Ex-hil'a-rant, a. Exciting joy, mirth, or
pleasure. — n. That which exhilarates. — Ex-
hil'a-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n. Animation ; gayety.

Ex-hort' (egz-6rf or eks-hSrt'), v. t. & i. To ad-
vise ; to warn ; to caution. — Ex-horfer, n. —
Ex'hor-ta'tion (-hor-ta'shun), n. An exhort-
ing; ; advice ; counsel.— Ex-hor'ta-tive (egz-6r'-
ta-ttv or eks-h6r'-), Ex-hor'ta-tO-ry (-ta-to-ry),
a. Containing exhortation ; hortatory.

Bx-hume' (eks-hum'), v. t. [Exhumed (-humd') ;
Exhuming.] To dig up (from a grave) ; to disin-
ter. — Ex'hu-ma'tion (eks'hu-ma'shun), n. An
exhuming.

Ex'i-geilt (eks'T-jent), a. Requiring immediate
aid or action ; pressing. — Ex'i gence (-jens),
Ex'i-gen-cy (-jen-s^), n. Urgency; distress;
emergency ; necessity.

Ex'ile (Sks'il), n. Forced separation from one's
country ; banishment ; one banished from his
country, — v. t. [Exiled (-lid) ; Exiling.] To
banish ; to drive away ; to transport.

Ex-ist' (egz-Tsf), v. i. To be ; to live ; to have life.

— Ex-ist/ence (-ens), n. State of existing or
being ; occurrence ; a creature. — Ex - ist ' ent
(-ent), a. Having being ; existing.

Ex'it (gks'Tt), v. A departure (from the stage of
action or of life) ; death ; passage out of a place.

Ex'0-dus (Sks'6-dus), n. A departure ; esp., the
departure of the Israelites from Egypt ; a book
of the Old Testament, narrating this departure.

Ex-on'er-ate (egz-ou'er-iit), ?•. /. To relieve (from a
charge, obligation, or Maine) ; to absolve ; to ac-
quit ; to discharge. — Ex-on'er-a'tion (-a/shlln),

n. A freeing, or state of being freed, from a
charge ; relief from censure.

Ex'O-ra-ble (eks'6r-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
moved by entreaty.

EX-or'bi-tant ( egz - 6r ' bi - taut ), a. Excessive ;
enormous ; irregular. — Ex-or'bi-tant-ly, adv.
— Ex-or'bi-tance (-tans), Ex-or'bi-tan-cy
(-trtn-sy), n. Enormity ; extravagance.

Ex'or-cise (eks'or-siz), v. t. [Exorcised (-sizd) ;
Exorcising.] To drive away (an evil spirit) by
conjuration. — Ex'or-Ci/ser (-si'zei ), n. — Ex'-
or-cism (-siz'm), n. Act of exorcising ; incan-
tation used for this end. — Ex'or-cist (-sist), n.
One who pretends to expel evil spirits.

Ex-or'di-um (egz-6r'di-uin), n. ; pi. E. Exordi-
ums (-umz), L. Exordia (-a). A beginning ; the
introductory part of a discourse. — Ex-or'di-al
(-df-al), a. Introductory.

Ex'o-ter'ic (eks'6-ter'Ik), Ex'o-ter'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Public ; not secret ; comprehensible.

Ex-Ct'ic (egz-ot'Tk), a. Introduced from abroad ;
foreign. — n. A plant, word, custom, etc., of for-
eign origin. — Ex-Ofi-Cism (-i-siz'm), n. State
of being exotic ; anything foreign.

Ex-pand'(eks-pand'),i;. t. &i. Toopen; to dilate;
to enlarge ; to extend. — Ex-panse' (-pans'), n.
That which is expanded ; wide extent of space or
body ; the firmament. — Ex-pan'si-ble (-pan'-
sT-b'l), a. Capable of being expanded. — Ex-
pan'si-bil'i-ty (-sT-bll'I-ty), n. — Ex-pan'sion
(-pan'shfin), n. Dilatation ; enlargement ; ex-
panse ; space ; room. — Ex-pan'sive (-si v), a.
Serving, or having a capacity or tendency, to
expand. — Ex-pan'sive-ness, n.

HEX' par'te (eks' par'te). Upon or from one side
only ; partial ; one-sided.

Ex-pa'ti-ate (eks-pa'shi-at), v. i. To move at
large ; to wander without restraint ; to enlarge
in discourse. — Ex-pa'ti-a'tion (-a'shun), n. An
expatiating. — Ex-pa'ti-a'tor (-a/ter), n.

Ex-pa'tri-ate (eks-pa'tn-at), v. t. To banish. —
Ex-pa' tri-a'tion (-a'shiin), n. Banishment.

Ex-pect' (eks-pekf), v. t. To wait for ; to await ;
to anticipate. — Ex-pect'ant (-ant), a. Waiting ;
looking for. — n. One who waits in expecta-
tion. — Expect' ance (-ans), Ex-pect'an-cy
(-an-sy), n. An expecting ; object of expecta-
tion. — Ex-pec-ta'tion (-pek-ta'shiin), n. Act
or state of expecting or being expected ; thing
expected ; prospect ; confidence ; trust ; prom-
ise. — Ex-pect'er, n.

Ex-pec'tO-rate (Sks-pek'to-rat), v. t. & i. To
discharge (phlegm, etc.) from the throat or
lungs; to spit. — Ex - pec ' to - rant (-rant), a.
Tending to promote discharges from the lungs
or throat. — n. Medicine to promote expecto-
ration. — Ex-pec'to-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n. Act
of expectorating ; matter expectorated. — Ex-
pec'to-ra-tive (-t6-r5-tTv), a. Expectorant.

Ex-pe'di-ent (eks-pe'dT-ent), a. Hastening for-
ward ; tending to further a proposed object ;
advisable; profitable. — n. Suitable means to
an end ; contrivance ; resort. — Ex-pe'di-ent ly,
adv. — Ex-pe'di-ence ( - eos ), Ex-pe'di-en-cy
(-en-sy), n. Qualityof being expedient 5 il»ir-
ableness; self-interest; self-seeking.

Ex'pe-dite (eks'pe-dit), a. Free of impediment ;
quick; prompt.— V. t. To relieve of imped-
iments ; to quicken ; to dispatch. — Ex'pe-dite-
ly, adv. — Ex ' pe - di ' tlon (-dish Tin), ??.

Promptness; haste; an enterprise; an excur-

5, e, 1, 5, a, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, ii, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, 6bey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

EXPEDITIOUS

147

EXPRESSLY

eion ; a body of persons making an excursion. —
Ex'pe-di/tiOUS (-dlsh'us), a. Prompt ; ready ;
quick j ilert. — Ex'pe-di'tious-ly, adv.

Ex-pel' (eks-pgl'), v. t. [Expelled (-pgld') ; Ex-
pelling.] To drive or force out ; to eject ; to
banish. — Ex-pel'la-ble (-la-b'l), a.

Ex-pend' (gks-peud'), r. t. To apply or employ ;
to use ; to consume ; to waste. — Ex-pend'i-ture
(-i-tur), n. Disbursement ; expense. — Ex-
pense' (-pens'), n. Act of expending ; outlay ;
cost. — Ex-pen'sive (-pgn'sl v), a. Occasion-
ing exnense ; costly ; lavish ; extravagant. —
Ex-pen'sive-ly, adv. — Ex-pen'sive-ness, n.

Ex-pe'rl-ence (gks-pe'ri-ens), n. Practical knowl-
edge gained by personal observation or trial ;
proof ; test ; experiment. — v. t. [Experienced
(•£nst) ; Experiencing.] To know or prove by
trial; to f eel. — Ex - pe ' ri - enced (-enst), a.
Taught by experience ; practiced ; versed.

Ex-per'1-ment (gks-pgr'T-ment), n. A trial delib-
erately instituted ; a practical test ; a proof. —
v. i. To make trial ; to test ; to try. — Ex-

?er'i-men'ter, Ex-per'i-men'tal-ist (-nign'tal-
st), n. One who experiments. — Ex - per ' i-
men/tal (-mgn'tal), a. Pertaining to, or skilled
in, experiments ; derived from, or affording, ex-
periment. — Ex-per'i-men'tal-ly, adv.

Ex-pert' (eks-perf), a. Taught by use or experi-
ence ; dexterous ; skillful. — Ex'pert (Sks'pert
or eks-pert'), n. A practiced person ; a scientific
or professional witness. — Ex-pert'ly (-pert'l^),
adv. — Ex-pert'ness, n.

Ex'pi-ate (gks'pT-at), v. t. To make satisfaction
or reparation for ; to atone for. — Ex'pi-a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. — Ex'pi-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — Ex'pi-a'-
tion (-a'shiin), n. An expiating ; atonement ;
satisfaction. — Ex'pi-a-tO-ry (-a-to-ry), a. Hav-
ing power to make atonement.

Ex-pire' (gks-pir'), v. t. [Expired (-pird') ; Ex-
piring.] To breathe out ; to emit from the
lungs; to exhale. — v. i. To die; to come to
an end ; to perish. — Ex'pi-ra'tion (gkg/pT-ra'-
shun), it. An expiring ; exhalation ; death ;
termination ; end. — Ex-pir'a-to-ry (-pir'a-to-
ry), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, emission
of breath from the lungs. — Ex'pi-ry (gks'pT-ry
or gks-piM, n. Expiration.

Ex-plain' (eks-plau'), v. t. [Explained (-pland') ;
Explaining.] To make plain, manifest, or in-
telligible ; to interpret ; to elucidate ; to clear
up. —v. i. To give explanation. — Ex-plain'a-
We (-a-b'l), a. — Ex'pla-na'tion (gks'pla-na'-
8h&u), n. An explaining ; a description ; an
illustration ; a recital ; account ; detail. — Ex-
plan'a-tO-ry (-pl5n'a-t6-ry), a. Serving to ex-
plain ; containing explanation.

Ex'ple-tive (gks'ple-tiv), a. Filling up ; super-
fluous. — n. A word not necessary to the sense ;
an oath.

Ex'pli-cate (eks'plT-kat), v. t. To unfold ; to ex-
plain ; to show. — Ex'pli-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. —
Ex'pli-ca-ble (-ka-b'l), a. Capable of being ex-
plicated. — Ex'pli-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. An
explaining ; interpretation ; sense given by an
expositor. — Ex'pli-ca/tive (-ka'tTv), Ex'pli-
Ca'tO-ry (-ka'to-ry), a. Explanatory.

Ex-pliC'it (Sks- pits' It), a. Distinctly stated;
clear ; plain ; express ; not ambiguous. — Ex-
plic'lt-ly, adv. — Ex-plic'it-ness, n.

Ex-plode' (gks-plod'), v. i. & t. To burst with a
loud report. — Ex-plo'sion (gks-plo'zhiin), n.

A sudden bursting with loud noise ; a discharge ;
an outburst. — Ex-plo'sive (-sTv), a. Causing
explosion, —n. An explosive agent (gunpowder,
nitroglycerine, etc.) ; a sound produced by an
explosive impulse of the breath ; a consonant
(p, b, t, d, k, g) so sounded.

Ex-ploit' (eks-ploif), n. A deed ; an heroic act;
a feat. — v. t. To utilize ; to make available
(mining products, lands, etc.). — Ex ploi-ta'tion
(eks'ploi-ta'shiin), n. Process by which ores,
etc., are rendered available.

Ex-plore' (eks-plor'), v. t. To search through ;
to examine thoroughly. — Ex-plor'er, n. — Ex'-
plo-ra'tion (-plo-ra'shiin), n. An exploring. —
Ex'plo-rator (gks'plo-ra'ter), n. — Ex-plor'a-
to-ry (-ploi' a-to-ry or -pl5r'-), a. Serving to
explore ; exploring.

Ex-plo'sion, etc. See under Explode.

Ex-po'nent (gks-po'nent), n. A number or quan-
tity denoting how often another quantity is re-
peated as a factor ; an index ; a representative.

Ex-port' (eks-porf), v. t. To carry (wares, prod-
ucts, etc.) from a country to other communi-
ties. — Ex'port (gks'port), n. An exporting;
article exported. — Ex-port'er (-porfer), n. —
Ex-port'a-ble, a. Capable of being exported.

— Ex'por-ta'tion (gk^por-ta'shiin), n. An ex-
porting ; commodity exported.

Ex-pose' (gks-poz'), v. t. [Expobed (-pozd') ; Ex-
posing.] To lay open or bare ; to show ; to ex-
hibit. — Ex po se' (gks'po'za'), n. Disclosure ;
revelation of sometiiing concealed. — Ex'po-si'-
tion (-zlsh'un), n. An exposing ; a public ex-
hibition or show; explanation; interpretation.

— Ex-pos'i-tive (-poz'T-tiv), a. Serving to ex-
pose or explain ; explanatory. — Ex-pOS'i-tor
(-ter), n. Interpreter. — Ex-pos'i-tO-ry (-to-
ry), a. Belonging to an expositor, or to expo-
sition ; explanatory ; illustrative ; exegetical.

HEx' post' fac'to (Sks' post' fak'to) or i Ex post-
facto. Done after another thing ; in conse-
quence of a subsequent act ; retrospective. —
Ex post facto law. A law which operates
retrospectively.

Ex-pos'tu-late (gks-pos'tu-lat), v. i. To remon-
strate earnestly. — Ex-pos'tu-la'tor (-la'ter), n.

— Ex-pos'tU-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Remon-
strance ; earnest protest. — Ex-pOS'tU-la-tO-ry
(-la-to-r^), a. Containing remonstrance.

Ex-po'sure (eks-po'zhur), n. An exposing ; po-
sition as to points of the compass, climate, etc.

Ex-pound' (eks-pound'), v. t. To explain; to in-
terpret. — Ex-pound'er, n.

Ex-press' (gks-pres'), v. t. [Expressed (-prgsf) ;
Expressing.] To press or squeeze out; to ex-
hibit (opinion or feeling) ; to send by express
messenger. — a. Closely resembling ; directly
stated ; clear ; plain ; explicit ; sent with special
speed or directness. — n. A messenger sent on
a special errand ; regular conveyance for pack-
ages, commissions, etc. — Ex-press'age (-aj), n.
Charge for carrying a parcel by express. — Ex-
press'i-ble (-I-b'l), a. Capable of being ex-
pressed. — Ex - pres ' Sion (-prgsh'un), n. Act
of expressing ; pressure ; utterance ; representa-
tion of meaning, feeling, etc. ; mode of speech ;
phrase. — Ex-press'ive (Tv), a. Serving to ex-
press ; indicative ; significant. — Ex-press'ive-
ly, adv. — Ex-press'ive-ness, n. — Ex-press'-
ly, adv. In an express, direct, or pointed man-
ner ; in direct terms ; plainly.

fgrn, recent, drb, rijde, full, urn, food, loot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, t^hfl.

EXPUGN

148

EXTRAVASATE

Ex-pugn' (5ks-pun'), v. t. To conquer ; to take
by_assault. — Ex-pug'na-ble (Sks-pug'na-b'l or
-pun'a-b'l), a. Capable of being conquered.

EX -pulsion (eks-pul'shun). n. Act of expelling :
state of being expelled. — Ex-pul'sive (-siv), a.
Having power to drive away ; serving to expel.

Ex-punge' (Sks-puiij'), v. t. [Expunged (-piinjd') :
Expunging (-punj'Ing).] To blot out ; to wipe
out ; to destroy ; to efface ; to erase ; to cancel.

— Ex-punc'tion (-punk'shiin), n. Act of ex-
punging or erasing.

Ex'pur-gate (eks'pur-gat or -pur7-), v. I. To pu-
rify from anything offensive or erroneous ; to
cleanse ; to purge. — Ex'pur-ga'tion (-ga'shun),
n. Purification. — Ex'pur-ga'tor (gks'pur-ga7-
ter or eks-pftr'ga-ter), n. — Ex-pur'ga-tO-ry. a.
Purifying.

Ex'qui-site (eks'kwT-zTt), a. Carefully selected ;
nice; delicate; refined ; perfect. — n. A fop;
a dandy. — Ex'qui-Site-ly, adv.

Ex-serf (gks-serf), Ex-sert'ed (-ed), a. Stand-
ing out ; projecting.

Ex'tant (eks'tant), a. Stand-
ing out above the surface ;
in being ; now existing.

Ex - tem 'po-ra' ne- ous (eTjs-
teur'po'-ra'ne-us), Ex - tem'-
po-ra-ry (-tem'po-ra-ry), a.
Performed or uttered with-
out previous study; unpre-
meditated. — Ex-tem'po-re
(-re), adv. Without prep-
aration ; suddenly ; off-hand.

— a. Extemporaneous. —Ex-
tem'po-rize (-rlz), v. t. & i.
[Extemporized (-rizd) ; Ex-
temporizing.] To speak or
do off - hand. — Ex-tem'po-
ri'zer (-rl/zer), n. — Ex-tem'po-ri-za'tion (-n-
za'shun), n. Act of extemporizing

Ex-tend' (Sks-tend'), v. t. & i. To stretch out ;
to spread ; to reach ; to diffuse. — Extended
letter- A type having its face broader than
usual in proportion to its height.
l^This is extended type.

— Ex-ten'si-ble (-tSn'si-bl), Ex-ten'sile (-sll),
a. Capable of being extended. — Ex-ten'si-
bil'i-ty (-si-Mll-ty), w.-Ex-ten'sion (-tSn'-
shun), n. Act of extending ; a stretching ; en-
largement. — Ex-ten'sive (-siv), a. Expanded ;
large ; broad ; wide. — Ex-ten'sive-ly, adv. —
Ex-ten'sive-ness, n. — Ex-ten'sor (-s5r), n. A
muscle to extend or straighten an arm, finger,
etc. — Ex-tent' (-tgnf), n. Space ; size ; length.

Ex-ten'U-ate (Sks-tSn'u-at), v. t. To draw out ;
to make thin, lean, or slender ; to lessen. — v.
i. To become thinner ; to be drawn out. —
Ex-ten'u-a'tor ( -a'ter ), n. — Ex-ten'u-a'tion
(-a'shun), n. An extenuating ; palliation (of a
crime) ; mitigation (of punishment).

Ex-te'ri-or (6ks-te'rT-er), a. External ; outside ;
foreign. — n. The outward surface or part of a
thing ; external deportment, form, or ceremony.

Ex-ter'mi-nate (Sks-teVml-nat), v. t. To drive
away ; to eradicate ; to eliminate. — Ex-ter'mi-
na'tor (-na'ter), n. — Ex-ter'mi-na'tlon (-shun),

n. Eradication ; extirpation ; elimination.
Ex-ter'nal (Sks-ter'nal), a. Outward ; exterior ;
accidental; irrelevant; foreign, —n. Outward
part ; visible form. — Ex-ter'nal-ly, adv. On

Flower with Ex-
serted Stamens.

i-er, n.

the exterior; outwardly — Ex'ter-nal'i-ty

(eks'ter-nal'i-t^), n. Existence in space.

Ex-tinct' (eks-tT nkt'), a. Extinguished ; put out ;
quenched ; terminated ; closed. — Ex-tinc'tion
(-tTnk'shun), n. Destruction ; suppression.

Ex-tin'gUish (eks-tln'gwish), v. i. [Extinguished
(-gwlsht) ; Extinguishing.] To smother ; to
quench ; to put an end to ; to destroy. — Ex-tin'-

guish-a-ble (-a-b'l),a. — Ex-tin'guish-er, n.

One who, or that which, extinguishes ;
esp., a utensil to put out candles. — Ex-
tin'guish-ment (-ment), n. An extin-
guishing ; extinction ; suppression ; de-
struction.

Ex'tir-pate (gks'ter-pat or gks-ter'pat),
v. t. To pull up by the roots ; to eradi-
cate ; to destroy ; to expel. — Ex'tir- Extin-
pa'tion (-pa'shun), n. An extirpating ; Buisher-
excision ; total destruction. — Ex ' tfr - pa ' tor
(Sks'ter-pa/ter or eks-ter'pa-ter), n.

Extol' (eks-tol'), v. t. [Extolled (-told') ; Ex-
tolling.] To elevate by praise ; to eulogize ; to
laud ; to glorify.

Ex-tort' (Sks-t6rf), v. t. & i. To gain by force ;
to exact. — Ex-tort'er (-er), n. — Ex-tor'tion
(-t6r'shun), n. Illegal exaction ; oppression ;
rapacity. — Ex-tor'tion-er, n. — Ex-tor'tion-a-
ry (-a-ry), Ex-tor'tion-ate (-at), a. Oppressive ;
rapacious.

Ex'tra (Sks'tra), a. Over and above ; uncommon ;
superior. — n. Something more than is due or us-
ual ; a thing for which additional charge is made.

Ex-tract' (Sks-trSkt'), v. t. To draw out or forth ;
to withdraw by distillation, or other chemical
process ; to take by selection. — Ex'tract (Sks'-
tr2kt), n. Thing extracted or drawn out from
another ; a passage from a book or writing ; cita-
tion ; quotation ; decoction ; solution. — Ex-
tractor (-trSktfSr), n. — Ex-tract'a-ble (-a-b'l),
Ex-tract'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. — Ex-trac'tion (-trSk'-
shun), n. An extracting ; stock from which
one has descended ; lineage ; birth ; descent ;
thing extracted ; extract ; essence. — Ex-tract'-
ive (-trSkt'Tv), a. Capable of being extracted ;
serving to extract.

Ex'tra-dite (gks'tra-dit), v. t. To deliver up (a
fugitive from justice) to another country. — Ex'-
tra-di'tion (-dTsh'iiu), n. Delivery of crimi-
nals by one nation or state to another, in pursu-
ance of treaty.

Ex'tra-ju-di'cial (Sks'tra-ju-dTsh'al), a. Out of
the ordinary course of law ; not legally required.

Ex'tra-mun'dane (Sks'tra-mun'dan), a. Beyond
the limit of the material world.

Ex-tra'ne-OUS (Sks-tra'ne-Qs), a. Not intrinsic
or essential; foreign. — Ex-tra'ne-OUS-ly, adv.

Ex-traor'di-na-ry (5ks-tr6r'- or gks/tra-6r'di-na-
rj), a. Beyond or out of the common order or
method ; exceeding the common degree ; re-
markable ; uncommon ; sent for a special object.
— Ex-traor'di-na-ri-ly (-1 My), adv.

Ex-trav'a-gant (Sks-tr5v'a-gmit), a. Wandering
beyond bounds ; excessive ; unrestrained ; pro-
fuse in expenses ; prodigal. — Ex-trav'a-gant-ly,
adv. — Ex-trav'a-gance (-gnrns), Ex-trav'a-gan-
cy (-gon-sy), n. Wilduess; excess; prodigali-
ty ; waste ; violence. — Ex - trav ' a - gan ' za
(-gSn'za), n. A musical or dramatic composi-
tion made effective by its wild irregularity; an
extravagant night of sentiment or language.

Ex-trav'a-sate (Sks-trilv'a-sat), v. t. To let

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

EXTRAVASATION

149

FACILITY

(blood) out of the proper channels. — Ex-traV-
a-sa'tion (-a-sa'shuii), n. The forcing or letting
(fluid, blood, etc.) out of its channels ; effusion.

Extreme' (eks-trem'), a. At the utmost point,
edge, or border ; outermost ; utmost ; final ;
greatest ; highest. — n. Utmost point or verge
of a thing ; extremity ; great necessity ; — often
in pi. — Ex-treme'ly, adv. — Ex-trem'ist, n. A
supporter of extreme doctrines or practice ; one
who holds extreme opinions. — Ex-trem'i-ty
(-trein'I-tjr), n. Utmost point ; highest degree ;
verge ; end ; termination.

Ex'tri-cate (eks'trl-kat), v. t. To free from dif-
ficulties, or perplexities ; to disentangle ; to dis-
engage ; to relieve ; to set free. — Ex'tri-ca-ble
(-ka-b'l), a. — Ex'tri-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. An
extricating ; disentanglement.

Ex-trin'sic ( §ks- trln ' slk ), Ex-trin'sic-al (-sT-
kal), a. External ; outward ; uuesseutial. — Ex-
trin'sic-al-ly, adv.

Ex-trude' (gks-truf ), v. t. To thrust out ; to ex-
pel. — Ex-trn'sion (-tru'shun), n. Expulsion.

Ex-U'ber-ant ( Sks-u'ber-ant or Sgz-), a. Over-
flowing ; overabundant ; superfluous. — Ex-U'-
ber-ant-ly, adv. — Ex-uT>er-ance (-ans), Ex-u'-
ber-an-cy (-an-sy), n. Superfluous abundance ;
luxuriance.

Ex-Ude' (5ks-ud' or 5gz-), v. t. To discharge
through pores or incisions. — v. i. To flow
through the pores ; to issue forth. — Ex'U-da'-
tion (-u-da'shun), n. An exuding ; discharge of
humors or moisture ; substance exuded.

Ex-Ult' (egz-ulf), v. i. To leap for joy ; to rejoice.
— Ex-ult'ant (-ant), a. Inclined to exult ; tri-
umphant. — Ex-Ulf ing-ly (-Ing-1^), adv. — Ex'-
ul-ta'tion (-ul-ta'shun), n. An exulting ; raptu-
rous delight.

i'Ex-U'vi-ae (egs-uM-e or eks-), n. pi. Cast skins,
shells, or coverings of animals ; fossil shells and
other animal remains left in the strata of the
earth.

Eye (i), n. The organ of sight ; power of seeing ;
vision ; judgment ; opinion, watch ; notice; hole
in the end of a needle ; catch for a hook ; bud
or sprout of a plant ; part of a loop or stay. —
v . t. To fix the eye on : to observe or watch
with attention. — Eye'less (I'les), a. Without
eyes ; blind. — Eye'let (-let), n. A small hole or
perforation for lacing, etc. — Eye'balP (-baF),
n. The ball or globe of the eye. — Eye'broW
(-brou'), n. The brow or hairy arch above the
eye. — Eye'glass' (-glas'),?*. A glass to assist the
sight ; eyepiece of a telescope, etc. — Eye'lash'
(-15-shOj n. A hair on the edge of the eyelid. —
Eyelid' (-lid'), n. The cover of the eye. —
Eye'piec©' (-pes7), n. A lens, or combination of
lenses, at the eye end of a telescope, etc. —
Eye'serv'ant ( -serv'ant ), n. A servant who
works only when watched. — Eye'serv'ice (-Is),
n. Service performed only under the eye of an
employer. — Eye'sigM' (-suV), n. Sight of the
eye; view; capacity of seeing. — Eye'SOie7
(-sor'), n. Something offensive to the sight. —
Eye'Stone' (-ston')*"- A small, calcareous
stone, used for taking substances from between
the lid and ball of the eye. — Eye'tOOth/ (-tooth'),
n. The pointed tooth in the upper jaw next to
the grinders. — Eye'wa'ter ( - wa ' ter ), n. A
lotion for the eyes. — Eye' witness (-wlt/nes),
n. One who sees a thing done.

Eyre(Sr), n. A journey or circuit ; a court of itin-
erant justices.

Ey'rie (a'ry or e'ry), Ey'ry, ». The nest of a
bird of prey ; an aerie.

Pa (fa). A syllable applied to the fourth tone of
the gamut for solmization.

Fa'ble (ia'o'l). n. A fictitious story enforcing
some truth or precept ; the plot of a poem ; fic-
tion : falsehood. — v. i. & t. [Fabled (-o'ld) ;
Fabling (-bllng).] To feign ; to speak fiction ;
to invent ; to speak falsely. — FaQller (-bier),
Fab'U-list (f5b'u-list), n. One who invents or
writes fictions. — Fab'U-lize (-Hz), v. t. To in-
vent or relate fables. — Fab'U-lOUS (-lu-s), a.
Feigned ; not real ; fictitious. — Fab'U-lOUS-ly,
adv.

Fab'ric (faVrlk), n. Structure of anything;
workmanship ; construction ; texture ; cloth. —
Fab'rl-cate (-rl-kat), v. t. To frame ; to con-
struct; to manufacture; to forge; to devise
falsely. — Fab'ri-cator (-ter), n. — Fab'ri-ca'-
tion (-ka'shun), n. A fabricating ; fiction ; man-
ufacture ; invention ; falsehood.

Fab'U-list, etc. See under Fable, n.

HFa-9ade/ (fa-sad' or fa-sad'), n. Front; face or
elevation of an edifice.

Face (las), n. Exterior form ; front part or sur-
face ; surface show ; look ; part of the head con-
taining the eyes, nose, mouth, etc. ; visage ;
countenance; look; air; shamelessness ; effront-
ery. — v. t. [Fac^d (fast) ; Facing (fa'slug).]
To meet in front ; to oppose ; to stand opposite

to ; to front upon ; to confront ; to smooth the
surface of. — v. i. To turn the face. — Fa'cing
(fa'slng), n. A covering in front ; a lining ; a
finishing.

FaCet (faVet), n. A lit-
tle face ; small surface.

Fa-ce'tlOUS (fa-se'shus),
a. Merry ; jocular. —
Fa-ce'tious-ly, adv. —
Fa-ce'tious-ness, n.

Fa'cial(fa'shnl),«. Per-
taining to the face. —
Facial angle. The an-
gle in a skull formed by
two straight lines, one
drawn from the ear to
the base of the nose,
the other from the
center of the forehead ,
to the upper jawbone.

FaCile (faVIl), a. Easy
to be done or moved ;
affable; pliant; flexi-
ble. — Fa - cil ' i - tate
(fa-sll'l-tat), v. t. To Facial Angles,

make easy or lessdiffl- 1 2 Types of Human Skulls.

cult.— Fa-cil'i-ta'tion a Sku11 of M°nkey-

(-ta'shun), n. A making easy. — Fa-Cil'i-ty

ffcrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FACING

160

FALSIFICATION

(fa-sTlT-tyj, n. Eaee; expertness; dexterity ,
affability ; means of aaafly accomplishing.

Fa'cing Oa'fef/j^j, n. Bee under Face, r«.

Fac-sim'lTe (fas-efflt'I'lB), n. Afl exact likeness.

— v.. f, 'J 0 MOT precisely.

Pact H^kt;. n, An act ; event i truth ; statement ;

incident ; circumstance.
Fac'tion (iak'shdn;, n. Ai>arty; cabal; clique.

— Fac'tlon 1st ('let), ft. One who pwitW
faction. — Par/tious f-sn ' ■ to, per-
tatning to, or proceeding bM, faction. — Fac'-
tious-ly, ode. — Fac/tlous-ness, n.

Pac-ti'tloUS (i&k-tlhh'ur.j, o. .Made by art ; arti-
ficial ; unnatural.
FaC'tOT n&k'te'r;, n. An agent ; one of the num-
Df quantities which, yiultiphed together,,

form a product* — Fac'tor-age (-*,!;, a. Cent-
al allowed to a factor. — PaC'tO-ry f-to-iy,,
y,. A place v.Jjere factors transact business for
their employei>. ; I building f»l llM> MWIlflll lllW

of coode; manufactory.

Fac-to'tum 02k -to7 turn;, n. One employed to do
all kiu'J> of WOfk.

Far/ul-ty (i&k'Cil-tf), n. Ability to act or per-
fom ; mental power or capacity; endowment j
knack ; license; members of a profession ; offi-
cers charged with the management of a college.

Fad (fa/1 j, ft. A hobby ; a freak ; a whim.

Fade (fad;,?/, i. To noileli gradually ; to wither ;
to decay ; to grow dim ; to vanish. Fadeless

( lee), -7. Unfading, pefasauenti

Fadge (ffj), f . (. 'J o join closely ; to fit.

Fa/cal, a. Bee Fecal.

Farer-y (ftaTev-*/), a. & n. Imm m Faunr.

Fag (fit), v. i. &*. [Faooko (flfd) ; Faooiso

(fag'ging).] To tire ; to woik at menial drudg-
c/y. — 0, A drudge. — Fag'-end' '-e'nd'j, ft.
Ihe uutuieted end of a rope, eV;. ; refuse part
of anything.

Fag'ot (Of/St), ft. A bundle of sticks for fuel, or
iron or steel in bars. — v. /. To bind in a bun-
dle.

Fah'ren-heit 'fa/rcTi-hit), a. Pertaining to the
scale oi the thermometer having zero at 32 de-
grees below the freezing point, and 212 degrees
below the boiling point, of water. — -ft. The
thermometer or hcale Chug grad uated.

Fa'i ence' \Wt4»tf\ ft. Glazed earthenware,
that decorated in color.

Fail (fal;, ?;. i. [Failed flaldj; Failiso.] To
be -//anting or lacking , to come short ; to de-
cline ; to decay ; to perish ; to die ; to miss ; to
bt baffled or f rust rated j to become bankrupt or
ent. — tf« *. To be wanting to, to be in-
Bttt to disappoint. — ft. Failure; Jack;

want. Fall'lng < u,fij, n. Act of one irbo
fails: deficiency; unperfeetion ; fault, foible.

— Fall'ure '-ii/, n. Defect; nmleilnii . decay;
bankruptcy; mspoiisfoii oi peyiaent.

Fain 'fan;, <■/. Well-pleased ; glad; I onstrained.

— adv. With pleasure j gladly.

Faint (Hot), '/. Lacking strength, courage,

spirit, or energy j weak; tunoroue; cowardly;
lacking dictfaefnece ; hardly perceptible \ done
h ■ feeble Banner. — p. i, s

Ifoontrof ; to swoon : to lo t •

spirit; to decay to read ML — "■ A't of faint-
ing ; swoon. — Faintly, adv. Falnt'ness, n.

Falnt'lsh, «. Homewhat :

Fair (fi . imperfection,

pure; beautiful ; of a light sh;

overca«t ; favorable ; open ; frank ; honest ;
impartial ; distinct ; not unusual ; moderate ;
middling. — OSfs'. Clearly ; frankly ; agreeably.

— n. A woman. — Fair'ly, udv. — Fair'ness, n.
Fair 'far;, ft. A gathering of buyers an'j

a htated market; an exhibition of wares. —
Falr'ing, ft. A present purchased at a fair.

Fair'y dai'^;, ft. An imaginary Spirit, in a hu-
man lorm, directing affairs of man. — a. Per-
taimng to, or given by, fairies.

Faith 'fathj, ft. Beliel ; religious belief; creed;
fidelity; honor; promise given. — Faith'ful
(-lul), a. Trusty; honest; upright; sincere.

- Faith'ful-ly, adv. — Faith ' fnl - ness, ft. —
F a 1 1 h ' 1 e S S, «. Not belie ving or crediting ;
treacherous ; disloya] ; false.

Fal'cate (i«l'kit;, Fal'ca-tedf-ka-t^d),^ Hooked

or bent like a sickle or scythe.
Fal'chlon (fgPchun), n. A short, broad sword,

v/ith curved point.
Fal'con (is/k'n), ft. A kind of hawk, sometimes

trained to pursoe game. —

Fal'COn-er '-erj, «. One
SWka, or hunts

with them. — Fal'con-ry
(ry;, ft. The training of
; the taking game
by means of liawkh.

Fall Cfal;, v. i. [imp. Fell
(let); 7>. ;>. Falle:. Cfal'-
n; ; Falling.] To drop ;
to decline ; to become de-
graded ; fohanncn r f
To sink , to fell. —ft. Act
of falling ; descent ; down-
fall ; ruin ; depreciation ;
cadence ; slope ; cascade ;
autumn. — Fall'en (fal"n), a. Dropped ; pros-
trate ; ruined; dead.

Falla-cy'fSFli-sy'b n. A deceptive appearance;
deceit; mistake; sophistry. — Fal- la' ClOU»
Ma'shus), a. Embodying or pertaining to a
fallacy ; fitted to deceive ; deceptive. — Fal-la'-
clous-ly, Odl

Fal'11-hle [faVn-h*l), a. Liable to fail or mistake,
decetrc or be d«-c»-ived. — Fal'li-bly, adv. —
Fal'11-bil'i-ty (-blFI-ty;, ». State of being
fallible.

Fall'lng sick'ness ffal'fng slk'nSs). Epilepsy;
a disease in which the patient suddenly falls
sens* .

Fallow (151'loj, a. Pale red or pale yellow ; left

untitled or uneowed after plowing ready for

culture. — ft. Land plowed without being

tilling of land, without sowing it for a

. — V. (.' [FAiaVOWBD ( -Wd) { FALiy>wiNo.]

To plow, and break Dtp Hand) without seeding

Fallow deer' (fai'Jfi der' >. A species of deer,
iiimon in England, where tt ia domesti-
eated bo parks.

False (fa>), a. Not true; uttering falsehood;
diahoneet; unfaithful; treacherous; not genu-
ine oi real; counterfeit; hypocritical; erroue-

00 ; not in tune. — n<lv. Not tiuly; family.

False' ly, ado. False ' ness, n. — False'-
hood (-hc-Vl;, ft. Want of truth : untrue us-
lie ; deeeitfulnei i , perfidy ; un]
Fal'sl-ty (fai'sf-fi;, e. '■ looounten

■ o confuti to show to be fal ■ — v. U
Tout : fco prerarii ste. Fal'sl Her (-b i
Falsi 11 ca'tlon ' fT-kaVshun), n. Fal -hood;

Ilea/1 a/i'l Foot
of Falcon.

ft, 2, 1, u,Q, long; &, 6,1, f*, u, y, ShOI t , senate, event, Idea, 6ix;y, Ouit<-, ckie, arm, a«k, ^11, iiual,

FALSITY

151

FARTHINGALE

confutation. — Fal'si-ty (-sl-ty), n. Quality of
being false ; deceit ; lie.

Fal-set'tO (fal-set'to ; It. fal-sat'to), n. A peculiar
voice in a man, lying above his natural voice;
male counter tenor or alto voice ; head voice.

Pal'ter (fal'ter), v. i. [Faltered (-terd) ; Fal-
tering.] To fail; to stumble; to waver; to
hesitate ; to totter.

Fame (fam), n. Public report or rumor ; notori-
ety; celebrity; credit; honor, — v. t. [Famed
(famd) ; Faming.] To report ; to make famous.

Fa-m.il/iar (fa-mil'yer), a. Pertaining to a fam-
ily ; domestic ; intimate ; well versed in (a
subject of study) ; unceremonious ; free ; well
known ; well understood. — n. An intimate ; a
close companion ; a demon or evil spirit sup-
posed to attend at a call. — Fa-mil'iar-ly, adv.
— Fa-mil-iar'i-ty (-ySr'T-ty or -I-aVI-ty), n.
Unconstrained intercourse ; freedom from cere-
mony ; affability ; intimacy. — Fa-mii'iar-ize
(-yer-iz), v. t. To make familiar or intimate ; to
habituate ; to accustom ; to make easy by prac-
tice or study.

Fam'i-ly (fSni'T-iy), n. A collective body of per-
sons who live in one house ; household ; race ;
kindred ; lineage.

Fam'ine (fSmln), n. Scarcity of food ; dearth ;
destitution.

Fam'ish (f5m'Tsh), v. t. [Famished (famTsht) ;
Famishing.] To starve or destroy with hunger,
or by deprivation of anything necessary ; to con-
strain by famine, —v. i. To die of hunger ;
to starve. — Fam'ish-ment (-ment), a. Pain of
extreme hunger or thirst.

Fa'mous (fa'inus), n. Celebrated in fame or
public report ; noted ; renowned ; excellent. —

Fa'mous-ly, adv.

Fan (fSn), n. An instrument for producing cur-
rents of air to cool the face, winnow grain, blow
a fire, etc. — v. t. [Fanned (fSnd) ; Fanning
(-ntng).] To blow with a fan ; to cool ; to win-
now.

Fa-nafic (fa-n5t'Tk), a. Wild; enthusiastic,
esp. on religious subjects. —72. An enthusiast ;
a bigot. — Fa-nat'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Fanatic. —
Fa-nafic-al-ly, adv. — Fa-nat'ic-al-ness, Fa-
nat'i-cism (-T-sTz'm), n. Excessive enthusiasm ;
extravagant notions of religion ; superstition.

Fan'cy (flu'sy), n. Imagination ; notion ; taste ;
humor ; whim ; liking, —v. i. [Fancied (-sld) ;
Fancying (-si-Tng).] To figure to one's self ; to
imagine. — v. t. To imagine ; to have a fancy or
liking for. — a. Adapted to please the fancy
or taste. — Fan'ci-er (-sT-er), n. One governed
by fancy ; one who has a special liking for, or
interest in; a dealer. — Fan'ci-ful (-si-ful), a.
Full of, or guided by, fancy ; whimsical ; vision-
ary. — Fan'cl -fully, adv. — Fan'ci-ful-ness, n.

Fan-dan'go (fSn-daV
go), n. A Spanis
dance.

Fane (fan), n. A tem-
ple ; church.

Fan-far'on-ade' (fSn-
far'Sn-ad'), n. Vain
boasting ; ostentation ;
bluster.

Fang (fang), n. A tusk

of an animal ; a long /jw,, . a Pois0n Sac ,
pointed tooth ; a claw ; d Its Duct ; m mf Muscles.
a talon.

Fangs of Rattlesnake.

Fan'tasm (fSn'tSz'm), n. See Phantasm.
Fan-tas'tic (fan-taVtlk), Fan-tas'tic-al (-tT-k«l),
a. Fanciful ; visionary ; chimerical ; whimsical.

— Fan-tas'tic-al-ly, adv. - Fan-tas'ti-cal'i-ty
(-tT-k5l'i-ty), Fan-tas'tic-al-ness, ».

Fan'ta-sy (fau'ta-sy), n. Fancy; vagary; whim;
caprice ; fantastic design.

Fan'tom (fan'tum), n. See Phantom.

Far (far), a. [Farther (far'ther) and Farthest
(-thest), used as com par. and superl. of far, are
corruptions, by confusion with further and fur-
thest.] Distant; remote; mutually separated
by a wide space. — adv. To or at a great dis-
tance ; very much.

Far'ad (far'Sd), n. The standard unit of electrical
capacity ; amount of electricity which, with an
electro-motive force of one volt, will traverse
one ohm in one second. — Far-ad'iC (-ad'Tk), a.
Pertaining to the electrician Michael Faraday,
or to faradism. — Far'a-dism (fSr'a-dlz'm),
Far'a-di-za'tion ( -dT-za'shun ), n. Medicinal
treatment with faradic or induced currents of
electricity.

Farce (fars), n. Stuffing, like that used in dress-
ing a fowl ; forcemeat ; low comedy ; absurdity ;
pretense; empty show.— Far'ci-cal (far'si-kal),
a. Belonging to a farce ; ludicrous ; unreal. —
Fai/ci-cal-ly, adv.

Fare (fSr), v. i. [Fared (fSrd) ; Faring.] To
go ; to pass ; to travel ; to be in any state, good
or bad ; to be entertained ; to happen well or ill
(with one). — n. Price of passage : food.

Fare'well' (faVwgl'), interj. Go well ; good-by ;
adieu, —n. A good-by ; leave-taking ; hist look.

— a. Parting ; valedictory ; final.

Fa-ri'na (fa-ri'na or -re'na), n. Flour or meal
made from grain, starch of vegetables, etc. —
Far i-na'ceous (fSr'T-na'shus), a. Consisting,
or made of, or yielding, farina or flour ; mealy ;
pertaining to meal.

Farm (farm), n. Land used for cultivation ;
landed estate ; lease, — v. t. [Farmed (farmd) ;
Farming.] To lease or let for a price ; to culti-
vate (land), —v. i. To till thej3oil ; to labor as
an agriculturist. — Farm'er (-er), n. One who
farms (land) ; an agriculturist ; a husbandman ;
one who collects rents, taxes, etc., retaining a
percentage of the receipts. — Farm/ing (-Tug),
n. Business of cultivating land.

Far'O (fSr'6 or fa'ro), n. A gambling game at
cards, in which the players oppose the dealer or
the bank.

HFar-ra'gO (far-ra'go), n. A confused mixture ;
medley.

Far'ri-er (far'rT-er), n. A shoer of horses ; veter-
inary surgeon. — Far'ri-er-y (-y), n. Business
or shop of a farrier.

Far'row (fSr'ro), n. A litter of pigs. — v. t. & i.
To bring forth (pigs).

Far'row (far'ro), a. Not producing young in a
given season or year ; — said only of cows.

Far'ther (far'ther), a., compar. of Far. See
Far. More remote ; additional ; longer. — ad v.
More remotely ; beyond ; moreover.

Far'thest (far'thest), a., superl. of Far. See
Far. Most distant or remote ; furthest. —
adv. At or co the greatest distance.

Far'thing (far'thing), n. The fourth of a penny,

— equal to half a cent.

Far'thin-gale (far'thln-gal), n. A hoop petti-
coat.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FASCES

152

FEASIBLE

HFas'ces (fXs'sez), n. pi. An ax tied up with a
bundle of rods, borne before Roman mag-
istrates as a badge of authority. — Fas'-
Ci-ate (lash'T-at), a. Banded together ;
rendered flat, as some stems of plants,
through monstrous growth. — Fas'ci-
a'ted (-a/ted), a. Bound with a sash or
bandage ; flattened in form by growth. —
Fas'ci-cle (-sT-k'l), n. A close cluster,
with the flowers much crowded together.

— Fas-Cic'U-lar (-sik'u-ler), a. Growing
in bunches or tufts.

Fas'ci-nate (fas'bT-nat), v. t. To bewitch ; fasces
to charm; to captivate. — Fas ci-na'tion
(-na'shun), n. A fascinating or enchanting ;
a charm ; a spell.

Fash/ion (fash'un), n. The make or form of any-
thing ; pattern ; model ; workmanship ; mode or
style, esp. of dress ; manner ; sort ; way. — v. t.
[Fashioned (-und) ; Fashioning.] To form ; to
give shape or figure to ; to fit ; to adapt ; to ac-
commodate. — Fash'ion-er, »•— Fash'ion-a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Conforming to, or established by, cus-
tom or use ; current ; observant of the fashion ;
genteel ; well bred. — Fash'ion-a bly , adv.

Fast (fast), a. Firmly fixed ; closely adhering ;
steadfast ; faithful ; rapid ; swift ; extravagant ;
dissipated. — adv. Firmly; quickly; rapidly.

— Fast'ness, n. Fixedness; security; a fast
place ; stronghold ; fortress.

Fast (fast), v. i. To abstain from food ; to go hun-
gry ; to practice abstinence as a religious duty.

— n. Abstinence from food ; time of fasting. —
Fast day. A day on which fasting is observed.

Fast/en (las^n), v. t. [Fastened (-'nd) ; Fas-
tening (-'n-Tng).] To fix firmly ; to make fast ;
to secure ; to hold together ; to stick ; to link ; to
attach ; to annex. — v. i. To fix one's self ; to
clinch. — Fast'en-er, n. — Fast'en-lng, n. Any-
thing that secures or makes fast, as a lock,
catch, bolt, bar, etc.

Fas-tld'i-OUS (f5s-tTd'T-us), a. Difficult to please ;
delicate to a fault ; squeamish. — FaS-tid'i-OUS-
ly, adv. — Fas-tid'i-ous-ness, n.

Fast'ness, n. See under Fast, a.

Fat (fat), a. Abounding with fat ; plump ; cor-
pulent ; oily ; greasy ; rich ; coarse ; gross ;
dull; yielding a rich supply; productive. —w.
An oily substance, deposited in animal bodies ;
richest productions ; best part. — v. t. & i. To
make fat ; to fatten. — Fat'ly, adv. — Fat'ness,
n. — Fat/ling (-ling), n. A tat animal. — Fat/ty
(-ty), a. Containing or like fat ; greasy. — Fat'-
ten (-t'n), v. t. & i. [Fattened (-t'nd) ; Fat-
tening (-t'n-Tng).] To make or become fat.

Fa'tal, etc. See under Fate.

Fate (fat), n. A decree; inevitable necessity;
lot ; doom ; destiny ; death ; destruction ; pi.
three goddesses, supposed by the ancients to
determine the course of human life. — Fat'ed
(fat'ed), a. Decreed by fate ; doomed ; des-
tined. — Fate'ful (-f».il), a. Bearing fatal pow-
er ; ominous. — Fa'tal (fa'tol), a. Proceeding
from, or appointed by, fate ; causing death or
destruction ; deadly ; mortal ; calamitous. —
Fa'tal-ly, adv. — Fa'tal-ism (-Tz'm), n. The
doctrine of fate, or inevitable necessity. — Fa'-
tal-ist, n. One who maintains that all things
happen by inevitable necessity. — Fa-tal'i-ty
(fa-t$l'I-ty), n. Invincible necessity ; tendency
to destruction or danger ; a fatal event.

Fa'ther (fa'ther), n. A male parent; a male
ancestor ; one venerated forage, wisdom, etc. ; a
church dignitary ; the Supreme Being ; first per-
son in the Trinity. — v. t. [Fathered (-therd) ;
Fathering.] To beget ; to take as one's own
child ; to adopt ; to acknowledge one's self
author of. — Fa'ther-ly, a. Like or pertaining
to a father ; tender ; protecting. — Fa'ther-li-
ness (-ll-ngs), n. — Fa'ther-hood (-hood), n.
State of being a father ; paternity. — Fa'ther-
in-law (-Tn-la), n. The father of one's husband
or wife. — Fa'ther-land' (-land'), n. The na-
tive land of one's ancestors. — Fa'ther-less, a.
Destitute of a living father.

Fath'om (fSth'um), n. A measure or length, con-
taining six feet. — v. t. [Fathomed (-umd) ;
Fathoming.] To sound the depth of ; to get to
the bottom of. — Fath'om-less, a. Bottomless.

Fa-tigue' (fa-teg'), n. Weariness; labor; toil. —
v. I. [Fatigued (-tegd') ; Fatiguing (-teg'Ing).]
To weary ; to exhaust ; to jade ; to tire.

Fat'ling, Fat'ten, Fat'ty, etc. See under Fat, a.

Fat'U-OUS (fat'u-us), a. Feeble in mind ; weak ;
silly^ without reality; illusory. — Fa-tu'1-ty
(fa-tu'T-ty), n. Weakness or imbecility.

Faucet (fa' set), n. A fixture for drawing liquor
from a cask, pipe, etc. ; a cock ; a tap.

Fault (fait), n. Want ; lack ; blemish ; defect ;
weakness ; failing ; vice. — Fault'y (-y), a. De-
fective ; blameworthy. — Fault'1-ly (-!-ty), adv.

— Fault/i-ness, n. — Fault'less, a. Without
fault ; spotless ; stainless ; perfect. — Fault'-
less-ly, adv. — Fault'less-ness, n.

Faun (fan) n. A god of fields and shepherds,
half goat and half man. — Fau'na (fa/ni), n.
The animals of a given area or epoch.

I Faux' pas' (15' pa'). False step ; slip ; blunder.

Fa'vor (fa'ver), n. Kind regard ; propitious as-
pect ; support ; act of good will ; gift ; present ;
letter. — v. t. [Favored (-verd) ; Favoring.]
To regard with kindness ; to befriend ; to facili-
tate. — Fa'vor-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Manifesting
partiality; kind; friendly; advantageous.— Fa'-
vor-a-ble-ness, n. — Fa'vor-a-bly, adv. — Fa'-
VOr-ite (-it), n. Person or thing regarded with
peculiar favor : one treated with partiality. —
a. Regarded with particular kindness or pref-
erence. — Fa'VOr-lt-ism (-Tz'm), n. Disposition
to farther the interest of a favorite ; paitiality.

Fawn (fan}, n. A young fallow deer. — a. Of
the color of a deer.

Fawn (fan), v. i. [Fawned (fand) ; Fawning.]
To court favor by cringing ; to flatter meanly.

— Fawn'er,n.

Fay (fa), n. A fairy ; an elf.

Fe'al-ty (fe'al-ty), n. Fidelity to one's lord, to a
superior power, or to government ; loyalty.

Fear (:er), «. A painful emotion excited by ex-
pectation of evil or danger ; alarm ; dread ; ter-
ror, —v. t. & i. [FiEared (ferd) ; Fearing.] To
apprehend ; to dread ; to reverence; to venerate.

— Feai'ful (-ful)i a. Apprehensive ; timid ;
horrible; distressing; shocking ; frightful ; ter-
rible. — Fear'f ul-ly, adv. — Fear'ful-ness, n.

— Fear'less (-le"s), a. Free from fear or ap-
prehension ; bold ; daring ; intrepid ; brave ;
dauntless ; heroic. — Fear ' less - ly. <idv. —
Fear'less-ness, n. — Fear'naught' (fer'naf),
n. A fearless person ; thick and warm woolen
cloth ; dreadnaught.

Fea'si-ble (le'zT-b'l), a. Capable of being done

&, e, I, u, u, long ; &, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; seu&te, $ vent, idea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

FEASIBLENESS

153

FENCIBLE

or effected; practicable. — Fea ' Si - ble - ness,
Fea'si-bil'i-ty (-bil'T-ty), n. Practicability.

Feast (lest), n. A holiday ; anniversary ; rich re-
past ; banquet, —-v. i. To eat sumptuously ; to
be highly gratified or delighted. — v. t. To enter-
tain ; to delight ; to gratify luxuriously.

Feat (fet), to. An act i deed ; exploit ; act of
strength, skill, or cunning ; trick.

Feath/er (feth'er), to. A plume; one of the
growths constituting the covering of a bird ; a
pen. — v. t. [Feathered (-erd) ; Feathering.]
To dress in feathers ; to furnish with a feather ;
to adorn ; to deck ; to turn (an oar) horizon-
tally, so that the blade will not catch the air.

— v. i. To become feathered or horizontal.

— Feath/ered (-erd), a. Clothed, covered, or
fitted with feathers. — Feath'er-y (-er-y), a.
Pertaining to, like, or covered with, feathers.

Feat'ly (ietnf), adv. Neatly ; adroitly.

Fea'ture (fe'tur), n. The make, form, or appear-
ance of a person, esp. of the face ; a lineament ;
structure of anything; marked peculiarity. —
Fea'ture-less, a. Having no distinct features.

Fe'brile (fe'bril or feVrtl), a. Pertaining to, in-
dicating, or derived from, fever. — Fe-brif'ic
(fe-brTFTk), a. Producing fever. — Feb'ri-fuge
(fSb'rT-fuj), to. A medicine to remove fever. —
a. Subduing fever ; antifebrile.

Feb'ra-a-ry (fSb'ru-a-r^), n. The second month
in the year.

Fe/cal (fe'kal), a. Pertaining to, or containing,
dregs or feces. — Fe'COS (fe'oez), n. pi. Dreg3 ;
sediment; excrement.

Fec'u-la (tek'u-la), n. Nutritious part of grain,
obtained by breaking down the texture ; green
matter of plants. — Fec'n-lence (-lens), Fec'U-
len-cy (-len-sy), to. State of being feculent ;
muddiness ; foulue«s ; sediment ; lees ; dregs.

— Fec'U-lent (-lent), a. Foul with extraneous
or impure substances ; muddy ; thick ; turbid.

Fec'und (fSk'un 1), a. Fruitful in children; pro-
lific. — Fec'un-date (-un-dat), v. t. To make
fruitful ; to impregnate. — Fee ' IU1 - da ' tion
(-da'shun), n. A fecundating; impregnation.

— Fe-CUn'di-ty (fe-kun'dT-ty), n. The quality
of producing young ; fruitfulness ; power of
germinating ; fertility ; richness of invention.

Fed (fed), imp. & p. p. of Feed.

Fed'er-al (fed'er-r/1), a. Pertaining to a contract
or treaty ; esp., composed of states which retain
only a limited sovereignty. — Fed'er-al, Fed'-
er-al-ist, n. An advocate of confederation. —
Fed'er-ate ( fed ' er - at ), a. United by com-
pact; leagued; confederate. — Fed'er-a'tion
(-a'shun), n. A uniting in a league ; confeder-
ation ; confederacy. — Fed'er-a-tive (fed'er-a-
tiv), a. Uniting ; joining in a league.

Fee (te), to. Reward ; recompense ; perquisite ;
pay for professional services ; estate of inher-
itance ; fief. —v. t. [Feed (fed) ; Feeing.] To
reward; to hire; to bribe. — Fee simple. Ab-
solute fee ; unconditional tenure.

Fee'ble (fe'b'l), a. Deficient in strength, vigor,
or efficiency ; infirm ; languid ; imbecile ; faint.

— FeeTrte-ness, n. — Fee'bly (-bly), adv.
Feed (fed), v. t. [Fed (f6d); Feeding.] Togive

food to ; to supply , to furnish for consumption ;
to supply with materials. — v. i. To take food ;
to eat ; to prey ; to graze. — • n. Food ; parts
of a machine that move work to the cutting-
tool, or the tool to the work. — Feed'er, n.

Feel (fel), v. t. & i. [Felt (felt) ; Feeling.] To
perceive by the touch ; to experience ; to be af-
fected. — 11. Feeling ; sensation communicated
by touching. — Feel'er, n. — Feel'ing, a. Pos-
sessing, or expressive of, sensibility ; sensitive.
— n. The sense ; sense of touch ; emotion ;
passion ; agitation ; opinion. — Feel'ing- ly, adv.

Feet (fet), «., pi. of Foot.

Feign (fan), v. t. [Feigned (fand) ; Feigning.]
To imagine ; to pretend ; to counterfeit. —
Feign'er, n. — Feint (fant), n. Pretense ; false
show; stratagem, —v.i. To make a mock at-
ta"k

Feld'spar' (f eld /spa ')> Feld'spath' (-spath'), n.
A crystalline mineral, breaking ia two directions.

Fe-lic'i-ty (fe-lTs'T-ty), to. Happiness; bliss;
prosperity. — Fe-lic'i-tate (-tat), v. t. To make
happy ; to congratulate. — Fe-lic'i-ta'tion (-ta'-
shuu), to. Congratulation. — Fe-liCi-tOUS (-lis'I-
tui), a. Happy; skillful.— Fe-lic'i-tOUS-ly, adv.

Feline (f elin), a. Pertaining to cats.

Fell (fel), imp. of Fall.

Fell (fel), a. Cruel; inhuman; savage; bloody.

Fell (fel), to. Skin or hide of a beast.

Fell (fSl), v. t. [Felled (fSld); Felling.] To
prostrate ; to cut down. — Fell'er, to.

Fell (fSl), v. t. To sew or hem (seams), —to. A
seam joining two pieces of cloth edge to edge ;
the end of a web formed by its last thread.
Fel'lah (fglla), n. Egyptian or Syrian peasant.

Fel'loe (fel'lo), to. See Felly.

Fel'low (fel'lo), to. A companion; associate;
equal ; person ; individual ; ignoble or mean
man ; member of a college corporation or learned
society. — Fel'low-crea'ture (-kre'tur), n. One
of the same race or kind. — Fei'low-feel'ing
(-feltng), n. Sympathy ; a like feeling. — Fel'-
low-sbip, n. State of being a fellow or associ-
ate ; familiar intercourse ; companionship ; foun-
dation for maintenance of a resident scholar.

Fel'ly (felly), n. The exterior rim of a wheel.

llFe'lO-de-se' (f e'16-de-se7), n. A self-murderer ;
suicide.

Fel'on (fel'un), to. One guilty of felony or capa-
ble of heinous crime ; a criminal ; a malefactor ;
a whitlow ; a painful inflammation of the finger
or toe. — a. Malignant ; fierce ; disloyal. — Fel'-
O-ny (-o-ny), to. A heinous or capital crime. —
Fe-lO'ni-OUS (fe-lo'nT-us), a. Malicious; vil-
lainous ; perfidious. — Fe-lo'ni-OUS-ly, adv.

Fel'spar, n. See Feldspar.

Felt (felt), p. p. & a. from Feel.

Felt (felt), to. Cloth or stuff of wool, or wool
and fur, unwoven. — v. t. To make into, or
cover with felt. — Felt'ing, n. Material of
which felt is made ; felt cloth.

Fe'male (fe'mal), n. One of the sex that bears
young. — a. Feminine ; not male. — Fem'i-
nine (fem'T-mn), a. Pertaining to a woman ;
womanly ; modest ; effeminate.

Fem'O-ral (fem'5-r«l), a. Belonging to the thigh.

Fen (fen), n. Boggy land ; moor ; marsh.

Fence (fens), to. That which fends off danger ;
defense ; wall or other inclosing structure about
a field, garden, etc. ; self-defense by the sword ;
fencing. — v. t. [Fenced (fenst) ; Fencing (f en'-
sing).] To fend off danger from; to guard;
to inclose with a fence or other protection. —
v. i. To make a fence ; to protect ; to defend
one's self by the sword. — Fen'cer (fen'ser),
n. — Fen'ci-ble (-sT-b'l), a. Capable of being

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, frfbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FENCING

154

FEUDARY

Fennec.

defended, or of affording defense. — n. A sol-
dier enlisted for defense of the country. — Fen'-
Cing (fgn'sing), n. Art of self-defense with the
sword ; materials of fences for f arms.

Fend (fend), v. t. To keep off j to shut out. — v. i.
To resist ; to parry. — Fend'er (-er), n. One
who, or that which, fends or wards off ; a frame
to hinder coals from rolling to the floor ; a cush-
ion hung over the side of a vessel to prevent it
from striking a wharf, etc.

Fe'ni-an (fe'nT-«n), n. One of an Irish secret
organization seeking freedom from English rule.

— a. Pertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism. —
Fe'ni-an-ism (-Tz'm), n. Principles, purposes,
and methods of the Fenians.

Fen'nec (fgn'ngk), n. An African foxlike animal,

with very large ears.
Fen'nel (fen'nel), n.

A plant, cultivated

for its aromatic

seeds.
Fen'ny (fen'ny), a.

Pertaining to, or in-

habiting, a fen;

swampy; boggy.
Feoff (fSf ), v. t. [Feoffed (feft) ; Feoffing.] To

invest with a fee or feud ; to enfeoff. — n. A fief.

— Feof-fee/ (fef-fe7), n. One to whom a feoff-
ment is made. — Feoff er (-f er), Feoffor (-for),
n. One who grants a fee. — Feoffment (-ment),
n. Grant of a feud or fee ; conveyance in fee of
land, etc., with actual delivery of possession.

Fer'ment (fer'ment), n. That which causes agita-
tion ; fermentation ; heat ; tumult. — Fer-menf
(fer-menf), v. t. To cause fermentation in. —
v. i. To effervesce ; to be active or excited.

— Fer-ment'a-ble (-ment'a-b'i), a. — Fer'men-
ta'tion (fer'men-ta'shun), n. Chemical change
of organic substances by which their starch, su-
gar, gluten, etc., are decomposed, and recom-
bined in new compounds. — Fer-ment'a-tive
(-mgnt'a-tiv), a. Causing, or consisting in, fer-
mentation.

Fern (fern), n. A cryptogamous plant, having
its fructification on the back of the leaves. —
Fern'y (-f), a. Abounding in ferns. — Fern'-
er-y (-er-y), n. Place for rearing ferns.

Fe-ro'cious (fe-ro'shus), a. Indicating cruelty;
ravenous ; wild ; savage ; barbarous. — Fe-ro'-
cions-ly, adv. — Fe-ro'cious-ness, Fe-roc'1-ty
(-r5s'T-ty), n.

Fer're-OUS (fer're-us), a. Like, made of, or per-
taining to, iron.

Fer'ret (fer'rgt), n. An animal of the Weasel
kind, used to ^=r

hunt rats, rab-
bits, etc.— v. t.
To limit out of
a hiding place ;
to search out
patiently and
sagaciously.

Fer'ret (fgr'rgt),
n. Narrow
tape, usually
made of wool-
en.

Fer'ret (fer'ret), n. A glassmaker's iron, used to
try melted matter and make rings at the mouths
of bottles.

Fer'ri-agP (fgr'rY-aj), n. Fare paid at a ferry.

Fer-ru'gi-n0US (fgr-ru'jT-nus), a. Partaking of
iron ; like iron rust in appearance or color.

Fer'rule (fgr'rll or -rul), n. A ring round a cane,
tool, etc., to prevent splitting.

Fer'ry (fer'ry), n. A place, also a boat, for trans-
porting passengers or freight over a river, etc.

— v. t. & i. [Ferried (-rid) ; Ferrying.] To
pass over water in a boat. — Fer'ry-boat' (-bof),
n. A boat for conveying passengers, etc., over
narrow waters. — Fer'ry-man (-man), n. One
who maintains or attends a ferry.

Fer'tile (fer'til or -til), a. Producing fruit in
abundance ; prolific ; productive ; rich. — Fer'-
tile-ly, adv. — Fer'tile-ness, Fer-til'i-ty (-ttl'T-
ty), n. — Fer'ti-lize (fer'ti-llz), v. t. To make
fertile, fruitful, or productive ; to enrich. —
Fer'ti-li'zer, ». - Fer'ti-li-za'tion (-tT-li-za'-
shun), n. A rendering fertile ; process by which
the pollen of plants renders the ovule fertile ;
fecundation ; impregnation.

Fer'ule (fgr'Tl or fer'ul), n. A flat piece of wood,
for striking children in punishment, —v. t. To
punish with a ferule.

Fer'vor (fer'ver), n. Heat; excessive warmth;
intense feeling ; ardor ; zeal. — Fer'vent
(-vent), a. Hot ; ardent ; boiling ; earnest ; ex-
cited ; animated. — Fer'vent-ly, adv. — Fer'-
ven-cy (-ven-sy), n. — Fer'vid (-vld), a. Very
hot ; burning ; boiling ; vehement ; zealous. —
Fer'vid-ly, adv.

Fes'tal (fgs'tal), a. Pertaining to a holiday or
feast ; gay ; mirthful.

Fes'ter (fgs'ter), v. i. [Festered (-terd); Fes-
tering.] To grow virulent; to corrupt; to
rankle; to suppurate. — ra. A sore which dis-
charges corrupt matter ; a pustule.

Fes'tive (fgs'tiv), a. Pertaining to a feast ; f es-
tal. — Fes'ti-val (-tT-val), a. Pertaining to a
a feast ; festive ; joyous, —n. A time of feast-
ing or celebration ; banquet ; carousal. — Fes-
tiv'i-ty (-tTv'i-ty), n. Condition of being fes-
tive ; festival ; social joy or exhilaration of
spirits at an entertainment ; festive celebration.

Fes-toon' (fgs-tobn'), n. A garland or wreath
hanging in a curve. — v. t.
To form in, or adorn with,
festoons. — Fes-toon'y (-f),
a. Like or consisting of,
festoons.

Fetch (fgch), v. 1. [Fetched
(fgcht) ; Fetching.] To go Festoon,

and bring; to bring; to
get ; to sell for ; to arrive at ; to attain. — n. A
stratagem ; trick ; artifice.

|| Fete (fat), n. A festival, holiday, or festivity.

— v. t. To feast ; to entertain.

Fe'tlCh, Fe'tlsh (fe'tish), n. Object worshiped
by certain African tribes ; any object of exces-
sive devotion. — Fe'tich-ism, Fe'tish-ism, n.

Fet'id (fgt'Td or fe'tid), a. Stinking.

Fet'lock (fgt'15k), n. A projection on the back of
a horse's leg, above the hoof ; pastern joint.

Fet'ter (fgt'ter), n. A chain for the feet ; restraint.

— v. t. To shackle ; to confine.

Feud (fud), n. Affray ; broil ; dispute ; strife.

Feud (fud), n. An estate held of a superior ; a
stipendiary estate ; fief ; fee. — Feu'dal (fii'-
dnl), a. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or fees ; held
of a lord. — Feu'dal-lsm (-dol-Tz'm), «. The
feudal system. — Feu'da-ry (fu'da-rj?), a. Held
by, or pertaining to, feudal tenure. — n. A

a, e, a, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

FEUDATORY

155

FIGURATE

tenant who holds lands by feudal tenure.—
Feu'da-tO-ry (-to-rj), n. A tenant of a fief ;
a vassal. — a. Held on conditional tenure.

Fe'ver (fe'ver), n. A disease marked by in-
creased heat, quickened pulse, and derangement
of the functions ; great excitement. — Fe'ver-
ish, a. Affected by, indicating, or resembling,
fever. — Fe'ver-ish-ness, n.

Few (fu), a. Not many ; small, limited, or con-
fined in number. — Few'ness, n.

Fez (fez). n. A red cap, worn by Turks, etc.

HFi'an'ce' (fe'aN'sa'), n. A betrothed man. —
HFi'an'cee', n. A betrothed woman.

llFi-as'CO (fe-as'ko), n. A failure.

Ff at (fir5t), n. A command ; decree.

Fib (fib), n. A falsehood ; a lie about a trifle. —
v. i. [Fibbed (f tbd) ; Fibbing.] To lie ; to
speak falsely.

Fi/ber (fl'ber), Fi'bre, n. A fine, slender thread ;
a rootlet of a plant.

Fibril (fi'brll), n. A small fiber ; a branch of a
fiber.

FiT)rine (ffbrtn), n. A compound found in ani-
mals and vegetables, and contained in the clot
of coagulated blood.

Fibrous (fl'briis), a. Contain-
ing, or consisting of, fibers.

||Fib'U-la (flt/u-la), n. A clasp
or buckle; the outer and
smaller bone of the leg.

Fich'n (fish'u ; F. fS'shu'), n.
A woman's lace cape, cover- .
ing neck and shoulders. Flbrous Root'

Fic'kle (flk'k'l), a. Liable to vicissitude ; change-
able ; irresolute ; vacillating ; mutable ; capri-
cious.— Fic'kle-ness, n.

Fic'tile (fTk'til), a. Molded into form by art.

Fic'tion (flk'shiln), n. A feigning or imagining ;
a feigned story ; fabrication ; falsehood. — Fic-
tl'tious (-tish'iis), a. Imaginary ; counterfeit ;
false ; not genuine. — Fic-tf tious-ly. adv.

FId'dle (fTd'd'l), n. A stringed instrument of
music ; a violin ; a kit. — v. t. [Fiddled (-d'ld) ;
Fiddling.] To play on a fiddle or violin ;
to tweedle ; to trifle. — inter -j. Nonsense ! bosh !
— Fid'dler, n. One who plays on a fiddle ; a
small burrowing crab, having one large claw,
which he holds like a fiddle.

Fiddler Crab.

Fi-del't-ty (fT-dSlT-ty), n. Faithfulness ; adher-
ence to right ; integrity ; loyalty ; fealty.

Fidg'et (flj'et), v. i. [Fidgeted ; Fidgeting.]
To move uneasily one way and the other. —
n. Irregular motion ; restlessness. — Fidg'et-y
{-f), a. Restless ; uneasy.

Fi-du'cial (fT-du'siu?l), Fi-du'ci-a-ry (-du'shT-i-
ry or -sha-rj), a. Confident ; undoubting ; hold-
ing, held, or founded, in trust. — n. One who
holds a thing in trust for another ; a trustee.

Fie (fi), interj. Denoting contempt or dislike.

Fief (fef ), n. An estate held on condition of mil-
itary service ; fee , feud.

Field (feld), n. A piece of inclosed land ; a wide
extent ; an expanse ; a battle ground or battle.

— Field day. A day when troops are drawn out
for instruction in field exercises ; a day of excite-
ment ; a gala day. — Field marshal. A com-
mander of an army ; the highest military rank
in European armies. — Field Officer. A mil-
itary officer above the rank of captain, and be-
low that of general. — Field sport. Diversion
in the field, as shooting and hunting.

Fiend (fend), n. An implacable toe ; the devil ;
an infernal being.— Fiend'ish, a. Like a fiend ;
malignant ; hellish.

Fierce (fers), a. Furious ; violent ; ardent ; ve-
hement in anger or cruelty ; savage ; fell. —
Fierce'ly, adv. — Fierce'ness, n.

Fi'er-y (li'er-y or fi'ry), a. Consisting of, or re-
sembling, fire ; ardent ; impetuous ; irritable ;
fierce. — Fi/er-i-ness, n.

Fife (lif ), n. A small pipe, used as a wind in-
strument. — r. ?'. To play on a fife. — Fif' er, n.

Fif'teen/ (flf'teV), a. Five and ten ; one more
than fourteen. — n. The sum of five and ten ;
fourteen units and one more; symbol repre-
senting this number, as 15, or xv. — Fifteenth/
(-tenth'), a. Next after the fourteenth ; being
one of fifteen equal parts into which a whole is
divided, —n. One of fifteen equal parts of a
unit or whole.

Fifth (fifth), a. Next in order after the fourth ;
being one of five equal parts into which a whole
is divided. — n. The quotient of a unit divided
by five ; one of five equal parts ; a musical inter-
val of three tones and a semitone. — Fifthly,
adv. In the fifth place.

Fifty (fifty), a. Five times ten.— n. Five
tens ; sum of forty-nine units and one more ;
symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or L. —
Fif ti-eth (-tT-eth), a. Next in order after the
forty-ninth ; being one of fifty equal parts into
which a whole is divided. — n. One of fifty
equal parts ; quotient of a unit divided by fifty.

Fig (fig), n. A tree of warm climates, also, its
fruit ; a worthless thing.

Fight (fit), v. i. [Fought
(fat) ; Fighting.] To
strive or contend for
victory ; to act in opposi-
tion ; to make resistance.

— v. t. To war against.

— n. A battle ; engage-
ment ; combat ; strug-
gle ; encounter ; action ;
conflict. — Fighf er, n.

Fig'ment (fTg'ment), n.\

An invention ; a fiction.
Fig'nre (fig'ur), n. Form

of anything ; shape;

fashion ; outline ; image ;

drawing ; pattern ; char-

a c t e r representing a

number; a numeral or digit, as, 1, 2, 3, etc.;

price ; type. — v. t. To make an image of ; to

symbolize ; to calculate ; to embellish. — v. i.

To make a figure ; to be distinguished. — Fig'-

n-ra-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being formed.

— Fig'UT-al (-al), a. Represented by figure
or delineation; figurate. — Fig'UT-ate (-at), a.
Of a determinate form or figure ; discordant. —

Leaf and Fruit of Fig.

fern, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

FIGURATION

156

FINGER

Fig'n-ra'tion (fig'u-ra'shun), to. A giving fig-
ure or determinate form ; mixture of concords
and discords in music. — Fig'UT-a-tive (f Ig'ur-
a-ti v), a. Representing by a figure, or by resem-
blance ; typical ; representative ; not literal ;
flowery; florid. — Fig'ur-a-tive-ly, adv.

Fil'a-ment (fil'a-ment), to. A thread ; a fiber. —
Fil'a-men'tOUS (-men'tus), a. Resembling a
thread ; consisting of filaments. — Fil'a-ture
(fTl'a-tur), to. A drawing out into threads ;
the reeling of silk from cocoons.

FiFbert (f ll'bert), to. The nut of the cultivated

Filch (filch), v. t. [Filched (filcht) ; Filching.]
To steal ; to pilfer. — Filch'er, to.

File (ffl), to. An orderly succession ; line ; row
of soldiers ranged behind one another, or of
papers arranged for reference ; wire or other
contrivance by which papers are kept in order ;
list; roll. — v. t. To set in order ; to place on
file ; to put among the records of a court, etc. —
v. i. To march in line. — File leader. A sol-
dier at the head of a file, who leads those in his
rear. — Indian, or Single, file. A line of men
inarching one behind another.

Pile (fil), to. A steel instrument, having sharp-
edged furrows, for abrading or smoothing metal,

Files of different shapes, in profile and section, a Flat,
or Equaling File ; 6 Square File ; c Knife-rdge File ;
(1 Half-round File; e Round or Rat -tail File; /
Three-square File ; g Entering File ; h Cross File ;
t Slitting File.

wood, etc. ; an artful person. — v. t. To rub,
smooth, sharpen, or polish, with a file.
Fil'ial (fil'yal), a. Pertaining to, or becoming, a
child; bearing the relation of a child. — Fili-
ate (-i-at), v. t. To adopt as son or daughter.

— Fil'i-a'tion (-a'shun), to. Relation of a child
to a father ; affiliation.

Fil'i-bus'ter (f Il'i-bus'ter), n. A lawless military
adventurer; a pirate. — v. i. To act as a fili-
buster ; to delay legislation by dilatory artifices.

FiH-gree (fil'I-gre), «. Ornamental work of
gold or silver wires. —n. Composed of such
work ; fanciful ; unsubstantial.

Fil'i-pi'no (fTl'i-pe'no), ri. ; pi. Filipinos (-noz).
A native of the Philippine Islands, esp. one of
Spanish descent. — Fil'i-pi'na, »• /•

Fill (ftl), v. t. & i. To make or become full. —
to. A full supply. — Fill'er, n. — Fill'ing, «.
A making full ; woof in cloth.

Fill (ftl), n. A thill or shaft of a carriage.

Fil'let (.fTl'lSt), to. A little band or twist ; esp., a
band encircling the hair ; a fiat molding in archi-
tecture, etc. ; a piece of lean meat for cooking.

— v. I. To bind or adorn with a fillet.

Fil'li-beg (fillY-beg), to. A Highlander's Trilt;

philibeg.
Fill'ing, n. See under Fill, v. t.
Fil'lip (fll'lip), v. t. [Filliped (-ITpt) ; Fillip-
ing.] To strike with the nail of the finger,

snapped from the ball of the thumb. — to. A

snap from the finger ; a smart tap.
Fil'ly (fil'l^), to. A young mare ; a female colt ;

a lively, wanton girl.
Film (film), to. A thin skin ; a pellicle ; a slender

thread, as in a cobweb, —v. t. To cover with a

pellicle. — Film'y (fil'm^), a. Composed of

film ; membranous ; cobweblike.
Fil'ter (fil'ter), n. Strainer for purifying liquids.

— v. t. To purify (liquor) by straining. — v. i.

To percolate.
Filth (filth), to. Foul matter ; dirt ; nastiness.

Filth ' y (f Tl ' thy), a. Foul ; dirty ; unclean ;

gross ; licentious ; vulgar. — Filth'i-ly, adv. —

Filth'i-ness, to.
Fil'trate (fll'trat), v. t. To filter. — Fil-tra'tion

(fll-tra'shun), to. A filtering.
Fim'bTi-ate (fTm'brl-at), v. t. To hem ; to fringe.
Fin (fin), to. A membranous organ with which

a fish swims. — jij. e

Fin'ny(-ny), a. MfffeL

Having fins ;

pertaining to

fins or to fish. —

Fin'less, a.

Destitute of fins
Fi'nal (fi'nal), a.

Endin?' last • FinB- 1 Ventral ; 2 Anal ; 3
rifi^ofi . Vo™V Caudal i 4 Pectoral; 5 First
ultimate ; termi- Dorsal 6 Second j^^^

natmg; conclu-
sive. — Fi'nal-ly, adv. At the end ; lastly ;
completely. — Fi-nal'i-ty (f i-nal'T-t?), to. Final
state or arrangement; settlement. — ||Fi-na'le
(le-na'lfi), to. The last note, or end, of a piece
of music ; close ; termination.

Fi-nance' (fT-nSns'), to. Income of a ruler or of a
state ; revenue ; science of raising and expend-
ing public money ; pi. funds. — Fi-nan'cial
(-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to finance. — Fi-
nancially, adv. — Fin'an-Cier' (fTn'an-ser'),
to. One skilled in financial operations ; an offi-
cer who administers public revenues; a treas-
urer. — v. i. To conduct financial operations.

Finch (finch), to. A small singing bird.

Find (find), v. t. [Found (found) ; Finding.] To
meet with ; to discover ; to perceive ; to feel ;
to supply; to furnish; to establish. — Find'er,
n. — Find'ing, to. That which is found ; dis-
covery ; conclusion found by a jury ; verdict ;
pi. tools or materials which a workman supplies
for himself.

Fine (fin), a. Finished ; brought to perfection ;
excellent ; superior ; beautiful ; showy ; not
coarse, gross, or heavy, —v. I. To make fine ;
to refine; to purify. — Fine'ly, adv.— Tine'-
ness, n.— Fin'er-y (-er-^), n. Ornament; dec-
oration ; a furnace for making iion malleable.

Fine (fin), to. Money paid as settlement of a
claim, or as punishment for an offense, —v. t.
To impose a penalty upon ; to mulct.

Fi-nesse' (fT-neV), n. Subtilty ; c jntrivance ; ar-
tifice ; stratagem. — r. i. To use artifice.

Fin'ger (fTn/ger), n. One of the five extremities
of the hand ; a digit. — v. t. L Fingered (-perd) ;
Fingering.] To touch with the fingers ; to han-
dle; to pilfer; to purloin.

6,5, 1, 5, «i, long, a,«,I,6,tt,^,«hort,Beiiftte,«¥ent,ldea,6bey,ttiiite,cAre1ttnn,aak,ftU,flnal,

FINIAL

157

FITTING

Finials.

Fln'l-al (finT-al), n. The ornamental extremity
of a pinnacle in Gothic . w

architecture.

Fin'i-cal (fin'i-kal), a. Af-
fectedly fine ; fastidious ;
foppish. — Fin'i-cal'i-ty
(-kal'i-ty), n.

||Fi'nis(fi'nis),7i. An end;
conclusion.

Fin'ish(fm'ish),v.*. [Fin-
ished (-Tsht) ; Finishing.]
To bring to an end ; to ter-
minate ; to conclude ; to complete ; to perfect.
— 11. That which finishes or perfects ; the last
coat of plaster on a wall. — Fin'ish-er, n.

Fi'nite (fl'nit), a. Limited in quantity, degree,
or capacity ; bounded. — Fi'nite-ly, adv.

Fin'less, Fin'ny. See under Fin, n.

Finn (fin), n. A native of Finland; one of a
Mongolian race inhabiting Northern Europe. —
Filln'ish. (f Tn'Tsh), a. Pertaining to Finland, its
people, or their language, —n. Language of the
Finns. — Fin'land-er (-15nd-er), n. A Finn.

Fiord (fyoid), Fjord, n. A narrow inlet of the
sea, between high rocks ; a frith.

Fir (ier), n. A tree of the Pine family, valuable
for timber and resin.

Fire (fir), n. Heat and light caused by burning ;
conflagration ; ardor ; brilliancy ; discharge of
firearms. — v. t. To set on fire ; to kindle ; to in-
flame ; to animate ; to give life or spirit to ; to
explode ; to discharge ; to cauterize. — v. i. To
take fire ; to kindle ; to be irritated or inflamed ;
to discharge firearms. — Fire/less, a. Desti-
tute of fire. — Fire'ann/ (-arm'), n. A weapon
from which shots are discharged by an explo-
sive. — Firebrand' (-brand'), n. A piece of
burning wood ; one who causes contention ; an
incendiary. — Firefly' (-fli')» n. A luminous
winged beetle. — Fireman (-man), n. One em-
ployed to extinguish conflagrations or to tend
the fires of an engine, etc. — FirCplace' (-plaV),
n. A part of a chimney where the fire burns ;
hearth.— Fire'proof/ (-proof), a. Incombusti-
ble. — Fire'side7, n. A place beside the hearth ;
home. — Firewood' (-wd6.10, n. Wood for
fuel. — Firework' (-wtirk'), n. A preparation
of combustible materials to make a striking dis-
play of light ; pi. a pyrotechnic exhibition. —
Fire brick. A brick capable of sustaining in-
tense heat without fusion, usually made of fire
clay. — Fire Clay. A clay, chiefly silicate of alu-
mina, capable of sustaining intense heat. — Fire
company. A company of men for managing
an engine to extinguish fires. — Fire cracker.
A small paper cylinder, charged with gunpow-
der, which, being lighted, explodes with a loud
report. — Fire damp. Explosive carbureted
hydrogen of coal mines. — Fire eater. One
who pretends to eat fire ; a quarrelsome fellow ;
hotspur. — Fire engine. An hydraulic pump
for throwing water to extinguish fires. — Fire
escape. A contrivance by which to escape from
a burning building. — Fire pan. A pan for
holding or conveying fire ; a receptacle for the
priming in a gun. —Fire surface. The heating
surface of a steam boiler, or that which is ex-
posed to the direct heat of the fuel.
Fir'kin (fer'kln), n. A measure holding 8 or 9

gallons.
Firm (ferm), a. Fixed ; solid ; compact ; dense ;

stable; robust; sturdy; steady; resolute. «-«.
The name, title, or style, under which a com-
pany transact business ; partnership ; house. —
Firm'ly, adv. — Firm'ness, n.

Fir'ma-ment (ier'ma-ment), n. The region of the
air ; the sky ; the heavens.

Fir'man (fer'morn or fer-man'), n. A decree of
an Oriental government.

First (ferst), a. Preceding all others ; earliest ;
foremost ; original ; highest ; chief ; principal.

— adv. Before anything else in time, space,
rank, etc. — n. The upper part of a duet, trio,
etc., in music. — First'ly, adv. In the first
place ; to begin. — First'ling (-lTng), n. The
first offspring (of animals). — First 'bom'
(-bOrn'), a. First brought forth ; eldest. —
First'-rate7 (-rat/), a. Of the highest excel-
lence ; preeminent in quality, size, or worth. —
n. A war ship of the most powerful class.

Firth (ferth), n. An arm of the sea ; a frith.

Fisc (fisk), Fis'cal (fis'kal), a. Pertaining to
the public treasury or revenue. — n. A treas-
urer ; a king's solicitor ; an attorney general.

Fish (fish), n. An animal breathing by means of
gills, and living in the water ; flesh of fish, used
as food. —v. i. [Fished (f Tsht) ; Fishing.] To
attempt to catch fish ; to seek by artifice. — v. t.
To catch ; to draw out or up. — Fish'er, Fish'er-
man, n. A man, also a vessel, employed in
catching fish. — Fisb/y (-y), a. Fishlike ; tast-
ing or smelling like fish ; incredible. — Fish'i-
ness, n. — Fish'er-y (-er-J), n. The business,
practice, or place, of catching fish. — Fisb/-
hawk' (-hak')\ n. The
osprey, fishing eagle,
or bald buzzard, which
plungesinto water and
catches fish with its
talons. — Fish ' hook '
(-hdok'), n. A hook
for catching fish.

FiS'sile (fTs'stl), a. Ca-
pable of being split, or
divided in the direc-
tion of the grain. —
Fis-sil'i-ty (fTs-stl'-
t-ty), n. — Fis'sion
(fTsh'un), n. A cleav-
ing ; splitting. — FiS'-
SUre (fish'ur), n. A
cleft ; a longitudinal
opening.

Fist (fist), n. The hand with the fingers doubled
into the palm. — v. t. To strike with the fist. —
Fist'ic (-Tk), a. Pertaining to boxing; pugil-
istic. — Fist'i-cufi (-T-kiif ), n. A blow ; pi.
a combat with fists.

HFis'tu-la (fis'tu-la), n. A reed ; a pipe ; a deep,
narrow, chronic abscess. — FiS'tU-laT (-ler),
Fis'tU-lOUS (-Q-lus), a. Having the form or na-
ture of a fistula ; hollow, like a pipe or reed.

Fit (fit), a. [Fitter ; Fittest.] Adapted to an
end ; suitable ; proper ; meet ; apt ; qualified ;
adequate. — v. t. [Fitted; Fitting.] To make
fit or suitable ; to adapt ; to qualify ; to bring into
a required form ; to answer the requirements of.

— v. i. To be proper or becoming; to suit. — ra.
Adjustment ; adaptedness of parts that come in
contact. — Fit'ter, n. — Fit'ly, adv. Suitably ;
properly. — Fit'ness, n . — Fit'ting, a. Appro-
priate ; suitable; proper. — n. Anything used

Fishhawk.

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, fcTot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FIT

158

FLASHINESS

in fitting up or furnishing; pi. necessary fix-
tures or apparatus.

Fit (fit), n. A sudden and violent attack of a dis-
order ; convulsion ; paroxysm ; passing humor ;
impulsive action. — Fit'ful (fit'iul), a. Full of
fits ; spasmodic ; impulsive and unstable. —
Fit'ful-ly, adv.

Five (fiv), n. The number next greater than four ;
a symbol representing this number, as 5, or V. —
a. " One more than four. — Fivefold' (-fold'),
a. & adv. In fives ; five times repeated ; quin-
tuple.

Fix (fiks), v. t. [Fixed (fikst); Fixing.] To
make firm or fast ; to establish ; to implant ; to
pierce ; to adjust ; to set to rights ; to put in
order. — v. i. To settle ; to become firm. — n.
Difficult position ; predicament ; dilemma. —
Fix-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A fixing ; steadiness ;
constancy. — Fixed (fikst), a. Settled; estab-
lished; firm. — Fix'ed-ly (-Sd-ly), adv. — Fix'-
ed-ness, n. — Fix'ing, n. That which is fixed ;
a fixture. — Fix'i-ty (-I-t^), n. Fixedness ; co-
herence of parts. — Fix'ture (-tur), n. That
which is fixed or attached as a permanent ap-
pendage ; an accessory annexed to houses, etc.,
so as to constitute a part of them.

FiZZ (f iz), Fiz'zle (-z'l), v. i. To make a hissing
sound ; to fail of success ; to bungle. — n. A
failure ; abortive effort.

Flab'by (flaVby), a. Yielding to the touch, and
easily shaken ; wanting firmness ; flaccid. —
Flab'bi-ness (-bT-nes), n.

Flac'cid (flaVsid), a. Yielding to pressure ; soft
and weak ; limber ; lax ; flabby. — Flac-cid'i-ty
(flak-sld'i-ty), n.

Flag (flag), v. i. [Flagged (flagd) ; Flagging.]
To hang loose ; to droop ; to languish ; to pine.

— Flag'gy (-gy), «• Weak ; limber.

Flag (flag), n. A flat stone for paving. — v. t.
To lay with flat stones. — Flag'ging, n. Pave-
ment laid with flagstones ; flagstones collective-
ly. — Flag'Stone' (-ston'), n. A flat stone used
in paving; rock which will split into such
stones.

Flag (ASg), n. An aquatic plant with long leaves.

— Flag'gy (-gy), «• Abounding with flags.
Flag (flag), n. An ensign ; colors ; banner ;

standard.

— v. t. To sig-
nal w i t h a
flag; to convey
(a message) by
signals made
by fl a g s. —
Flag'man', n.

One who
makes signals
with a flag. —
Flag'shlp', n.
A vessel car-
rying the com-
mander of a fleet,

The United Stutes Flag.

Flag/Staff, n. A staff or
mast on which a flap is hoisted.
Flag'el-late (flSj'Sl-laf), v. t. To whip ; to scourge.
— Flag'el-la'tion (-l&Vshttn), n. A whipping;

flogging.

Flag'eo-let' (fl5j'6-lSt' or flSj'e-), n. A flutelike

wind instrument.
Flag'ging, n. See under Flag, a flat stone.
Flag'gy, a. See under Flag, to hang loose ; also,

under Flag, an aquatic plant.

A web-footed, long-

Fla-gi'tious (fla-jish'us), a. Disgracefully crim-
inal ; atrocious ; flagrant ; heinous. — Fla-gi'-

tious-ly, adv. — Fla-gi'tious-ness, n.

Flag'on (flag'un), n. A vessel with a narrow
mouth, for liquors.

Flag'man (flag'man), n. See under Flag, an
ensign.

Fla'grant (fla'grffnt), a. Flaming; burning;
notorious ; atrocious ; enormous. — Fla'grant-
ly, adv. — Fla'gran-cy (-gron-sy), n.

Flag'stone', n. See under Flag, flat stone.

Flail (rial), n. An instrument for threshing
or beating grain from the ear.

Flake (flak), n. A film ; layer ;
scale, — v. t. & i. To break
or form into flakes. — Flak'y
( flak ' y ), a. Consisting of
flakes or locks.

Flam'beau (flam'bo), n. A
flaming torch.

Flame (flam), n. A stream of
burning vapor ; blaze ; ardor ; -
fire ; passion ; sweetheart. —
v. i. [Flamed (flamd) ; Flaming.] To burn
with rising or darting fire ; to break out in vio-
lent passion.

Fla-min'gO (fla-min'go), n.
legged bird of bright
red color, having a
beak bent down as if
broken.

HFla'neur' (fla/ner'), n.
A lounger ; a loafer ;
a gossiper.

Flange (flanj), n. A
projecting edge or
rim, as of a car wheel,
—v. t. To make a
flange on. — 1\ i. To '
be bent into a flange.

Flank (flank), n. Side
of an animal, army,
fleet, building, etc. —
v. t. [Flanked (flSnkt) ; Flanking.] To stand
at the side of ; to border upon ; to overlook the
flank of ; to pass around or turn the flank of. —
v. i. To border ; to touch ; to be posted on the
side.

Flan'nel (flan'nSl), n. Soft woolen cloth, of loose
texture.

Flap (flSp), n. Anything broad and limber that
hangs loose ; the motion, stroke, or sound of a
loosely hanging object ; hinged leaf (of a table,
shutter, etc.). — v. t. & i. [Flapped (flSpt);
Flapping.] To move (wings, etc.) : to strike ;
to hang loosely. — Flap ' per, n . — Flap ' jack '
(-jSk'), n. A broad pancake.

Flare (flSr), v. i. To burn with a glaring, un-
steady light ; to flaunt ; to open or spread out-
ward."— 7i. An unsteady, offensive liijlit. —
Flare'-up' (-up'), «• A sudden passion ; pas-
sionate controversy.

Flash (flfah), v. i. [Flashed (flSsht) ; Flashing.]
To emit a sudden flood of flame or light ; to
break out violently. — v. t. To send out in
flashes; to light up suddenly. — n. A sudden
burst of light; momentary show ; an instant ;
brief period; slang language of thieves, robbers,
etc.— a. Low and vulgar; slang. — Flash'y(-y),
a. Dazzling : showy ; gaudy. — Flash'Hy, adv.

— Flash'i-ness, n.

Flamingo.

E, 5, S, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; seu&te, fiveut, tdea, 6bey, finite, cAre, arm, ask, all, final.

FLASK

159

FLIPPANCY

Twopart Flask.

Flask (flask), n. A narrow-necked bottle ; a box
containing sand that
forms the mold for
making castings in
foundries.

Flat (dat), a. Level ;
prostrate ; monoto-
nous ; absolute;
downright ; dull;
in music, below the true pitch, or depressed. —
adv. Directly ; flatly. — n. A level surface or
piece of land ; shoal ; strand ; suite of rooms on

. one floor, forming a residence ; a dull fellow ;
simpleton, a character [b] in music noting
depression of tone. — v. t. &i. To flatten. —
Flat'ly, adv. — Flat'ness, n. — Flat'ten, v.t.
& i. [Flattened (-t'nd); Flattening.] To
make or become flat. — Flat'wise' (-wlz'), a. &
adv. With the flat side downward or adjoining
another object ; not edgewise.

Flat'ter (flat'ter), v. t. [Flatteked (-terd);
Flattering.] To coax ; to gratify the vanity of ;
to please by artful commendation, or with false
hopes. — Flat'ter-er (-er), n. — Flat'ter-y (-y),
n. Adulation ; compliment ; obsequiousness.

Flat'U-lent (flafu-lent), a. "Windy; producing
wind in the stomach. — Flat'U-lence (-lens),
Flat'u-len-cy (-len-sy), n.

Flat'wise, a. & adv. See under Flat, a.

Flaunt (flant or flant), v. i. & t. To display os-
tentatiously.

Flau'tist (fla/tist), n. A player on the flute ; a
flutist.

Fla'vor (fla'ver), n. Odor; fragrance; taste;
savor. — v. t. To give flavor to. — Fla'VOT-OUS
( - us ), a. Imparting flavor ; pleasant to the
taste or smell.

Flaw (fla), n. A burst ; breach ; defect ; blem-
ish ; fault ; sudden gust or blast. — v. t. To
break ; to crack. — Flaw'y (-f), a. Full of, or
subject to, flaws.

Flax (flSks), n. A plant whose bark yields a fiber
used for making thread and cloth, called linen,
cambric, lawn, lace, etc., and its seed linseed

Made of, or re
(-sed'), n. The
— Flax'y (-y), a.

oil. — Flax'en (flaks"n), a.

sembling, flax. — Flax'seed'

seed of the flax plant ; linseed

Like flax ; of

a light color;

fair.
Flay (fla), v.

t. [Flayed

(flad); Flay-
ing.] To skin;

to strip off the

skin of.
Flea (fie), n. A

very agile

wingless in-
sect, which in-
flicts a troublesome bite.
Fleam ( flem ), n. A surgeon's instrument for

opening veins ; a lancet.
Fleck (nek), n. A spot ; a streak ; a speckle.—

v. t. [Flecked (flgkt) ; Flecking.] To spot ;

to stripe ; to dapple.
Flec'tion (iiek'shun), n. A bending.
Fled, imp. &p. p. of Flee.
Fledge (flgj), v. t. To supply with feathers or

with any soft covering- — Fledge'ling, n. A

young bird just fledged.

Dog Flea or common Flea of
America. X 25

Flee (fie), v. i. & t. [Fled (fled); Fleeing.]
To run away ; to escape.

Fleece (fles), n. A coat of wool that covers a
sheep, or is shorn from a sheep at one time. —
v. t. To deprive of a fleece ; to strip of money
or property; to swindle. — Flee'cy (fle/sy),a.
Covered with, made of, or resembling, fleece.

Fleer (tier), v. i. & t. To mock ; to deride. — ».
Derision ; mockery. — Fleer'ing-ly, adv.

Fleet (flet), a. Swift in motion; nimble. — V. i.
To fly swiftly ; to hasten. — n. A squadron of
ships; navy.— Fleet'ly, adv. — Fleet'ness, n.
— Fleet'ing, a. Not durable ; transitory.

Flesh ( flesh ), n. The muscular parts of animals ;
meat; pulp of fruit; animal nature ; carnal state;
mankind ; stock ; race. — v.t. To feed (dogs,
hawks, etc.) with flesh; to imbed (a weapon) in
flesh; to glut; to satiate. — Flesh 'y (->")> a-
Plump ; fat. — Flesh'i-ness, n. — Flesh ' ly
(-1^), a. Animal ; corporeal ; carnal. — Flesh'-
li-ness, n. — Flesh'less, a. Lean ; gaunt.

HFleur'-de-lis' {Aev'de-ie'), n. A pi rat, the iris ;
an architectural ornament ; an heral-
dic bearing used in the royal insignia
of France.

Flew (flu), imp. of Fly.

Flex (flgks), v. t. [Flexed (flgkst) ;
Flexing.] To bend. — Flex'i-ble
(-T-b'l), a. Capable of being flexed
or bent ; pliable ; ductile ; obsequi- Fleur-de-lis.
ous ; wavering. — Flex ' i-ble-ness,
Flex'i-bil'i-ty (-T-bil'I-ty), n. — Flex'ile (-T1),
a. Pliant ; yielding. — Flex'ion (flgk'shun), n.
A flexing or bending ; part bent ; fold ; inflec-
tion ; action of the flexor muscles. — Flex'or
(fleks'Sr), n. A muscle which flexes or bends
any part of the body. — Flex'U-OUS (flSk'shu-
iis), a. Winding ; bending. — Flex'ttTO (-shur),
n. A bending ; a turn ; a fold.

Flick'er (flTk'er), v. i. [Flickered (-erd) ; Flick-
ering.] To flutter ; to waver ; to fluctuate. —
n. Fluctuation ; a brief increase of brightness ;
the golden-winged woodpecker or yellow-ham-
mer.

Fli'er (fll'er), n. One who flies or flees.

Flight (flit), n. Act of fleeing ; hasty departure ;
act, mode, or style of flying ; number of things
passing through the air together ; flock of birds ;
reach of steps or stairs. — Flight'y ( -f ), a.
Fleeting ; volatile ; giddy. — Flight'i-ness, n.

Flim/sy (fltm'zy), a. Weak ; unsubstantial ; su-
perficial ; feeble ; light. — Flim'si-ly, adv. —
Flim/si-ness, n.

Flinch (flinch), v. i. [Flinched (flincht);
Flinching.] To draw back : to shrink ; to wince.

Flin'ders (flTn'derz), n. pi. Small pieces ; splin-
ters ; fragments.

Fling (Hing), v. t. [Flung (flung); Flinging.]
To cast from the hand ; to emit ; to prostrate ;
to defeat. — v. i. To flounce ; to utter harsh
language ; to rush. — n. A cast from the hand ;
a contemptuous remark ; a sneer ; a sarcasm ;
a kind of dance.

Flint (flint), n. Very hard quartz. — Flinty
(-f), a. Made of, like, or abounding in, flint ;
hard. — Flint'i-ness, n.

Flip (flip), n. A mixture of beer and spirit sweet-
ened and heated by a hot iron.

Flip'pant (nTp'prmt), a. Of smooth and rapid
speech; pert; petulant. — Flip'pant-ly, adv. —
Flip'pant-ness. Flip'pan-cy (-pon-sy), n.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, suig, ink, then, thin*

FLIPPER

160

FLUIDITY

Flip'per (flip'per), n. A paddle of a sea turtle ;
a broad fin of a fish ; limb of a seal, whale, etc.

Flirt (flert), v. t. To throw with a jerk ; to fling
suddenly ; to jeer at. — v. i. To coquette. —
A jerk ; a darting motion ; a coquette ; a pert
girl. — rilr-ta'tion (ner-ta'shiin), n. A flirting ;
playing at courtship ; coquetry.

Flit (flit), v. i. [Flitted ; Flitting.] To dart
along ; to fleet ; to flutter ; to be unstable ; to
be easily or often moved.

Flitch (fllch), n. A side of pork cured.

Flit'ter (flit/ter), n. A rag ; a tatter.

Float (flot), n. A thing that rests on the surface
of a fluid ; a raft ; a kind of file or trowel. —
v. t. & i. To swim on the surface. — Float'age
(-aj), n. Anything that floats on water.

FlOC'CU-lent (fl5k'ku-lent), a. Adhering in flocks
or flakes. — Floc'cu-lence (-lens), n. State of
being flocculent.

Flock ( flok ), n. A company or collection of
sheep, birds, etc. ; a Christian congregation. —
v. i. [Flocked (fl5kt) ; Flocking.] To as-
semble.

Flock (flok), n. A lock of wool or hair ; powdered
wool or cloth, for stuffing furniture, coating
wall paper, etc. ; refuse of cotton or woolen
goods.

Floe (flo), n. A mass of ice floating in the ocean.

Flog (flog), v. t. [Flogged (fl5gd) ; Flogging.]
To beat ; to whip ; to lash.

Flood (flud), n. A body of- moving water ; del-
uge ; freshet ; inundation ; great quantity ; su-
perabundance. — v. t. To overflow ; to inundate.

— Flood gate. A gate to stop or to let out
water ; a passage ; a restraint.

Floor (A or), n. A bottom of a building or room ;
story ; platform ; part of a legislative chamber
assigned to the members ; right to speak. — v. t.
[Flooeed (fiord); Flooring.] To cover with
a floor ; to lay level with the floor ; to strike
down ; to silence. — Floor'ing, n. A platform ;
bottom of a room ; material for floors.

Flop (flop), v. t. &. i. [Flopped (fl5pt) ; Flop-
ping.] To flap. — n. Act of flopping.

Flo'ra (flo'ra), n. Goddess of flowers ; natural
vegetable growth of a locality or period ; de-
scription of such growth. — Flo'ral (-ral), a.
Pertaining to Flora or flowers. — FlO-res'cence
(flo-reVens), n. A bursting into flower ; blossom-
ing. — FlO'ret (-r5t), n. A little flower ; partial
flower of an aggregate flower. —
Flo'rist (flo'rYst or fl5r'ist), n. A
cultivator of flowers ; a writer on
flowers. — Flo'ri-cul'ture ( - kul ' -
tur), n. Cultivation of flowering
plants.

Flor'id (flBrtd), a. Bright in color ;
of a lively red color ; embellished
with flowers of rhetoric ; ornate. Florets.

— Flo-rid'i-ty (flS-rld'T-t?), Flor'id-ness, n.
Flor'in (flor'Tn), n. A silver coin of several

European countries.

FlOSS (flos), n. A silken substance in husks
of maize, etc. ; untwisted filaments of silk. —
FlOSS'y (flSs'Jr), a. Like floss; light; downy.

FlOSS ( fl5s ), n. A small stream of water ; fluid
glass floating on iron in a puddling furnace.

FlO'tage (flo't.uj), n. Act of floating ; floating ma-
terial. — Flo-ta'tion (flo-ta'shiin), n. A float-
ing ; the science of floating bodies. — Flo-til'la
(-tY l'la), n. A little fleet ; fleet of small vessels.

Flounder.

— Flot'sam (flSt'sam), Flot'son (flSt'sun), n.
Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea.

Flounce ( flouns ), v. i. [Flounced ( flounst ) ;
Flouncing.] To turn or twist violently; to
struggle ; to flounder. — n. A jerk ; a twist.

Flounce (flouns), n. An ornamental strip deco-
rating a lady's dress. —v. t. To adorn with
flounces.

Floun'der (floun'der), n. A flatfish, allied to the
halibut.

Floun'der (floun'der),
v. i. [Floundered
( -derd ) ; Flounder-
ing.] To fling the
limbs and body vio-
lently; to toss; to
tumble ; to flounce.

Flour (flour), n. Finely

ground meal of wheat or other grain ; dust ;
powder. — v. i. [Floured (flourd) ; Flouring.]
To grind and bolt; to sprinkle with flour. —
Flour'y (-f), a. Of or resembling flour.

Flour'ish (fliir'Tsh), v. i. [Flourished (-Tsht);
Flourishing.] To thrive ; to prosper. — v. t. To
expand ; to brandish. — n. A decoration ; an or-
nament ; a waving of a weapon or other thing ;
a brandishing.

Flout (flout), v. t. To mock ; to treat with con-
tempt, —v. i. To sneer. — n. An insult ; gibe.

Flow (flo), v. i. [Flowed (flod) ; Flowing.] To
move as a liquid ; to melt ; to glide smoothly ;
to proceed ; to abound ; to hang loose and wav-
ing ; to rise, as the tide ; — opposed to ebb. —
v. t. To cover with water; to flood.— n. A
stream of fluid ; a current ; copiousness ; the ris-
ing tide.

FlOW'er (flou'er), «. A blossom of a plant ; the
choicest part of anything ; a figure of speech.
— v. i. To blossom forth ; to bloom. — v. t. To
embellish with flowers. — Flow'er-y (-er-y), a.
Full of flowers ; florid ; ornate. — Flow'er-i-
ness, n. Floridness of speech. — Flow'er-de-
luce/ (-de-lus'), n. A plant
of the genus Iris ; flag ; fleur-
de-lis. — Flow ' er - et, n. A
small flower; floret.— Flower
Stalk. A peduncle of a plant,
or stem supporting the fruc-
tification.

Flown (flon), p. p. of Fly.

Fluo'tu-ate (fluk'tu-at), v. i.
To move as a wave ; to waver ;
to hesitate ; to scruple. —
FluCtU-a'tion (-a'shun), n.
A fluctuating; unsteadiness;
undulation.

Flue, n. An air passage, esp.
for conveying gases, smoke,
flame, etc.

Flue (flu), n. Light down;
fur; lint; fluff.

FlU'ent (flu'ent), a. Flowing ; liquid ; voluble ;
copious ; smooth. — Flu'ent-ly, adv. — Flu'en-
cy (-en-s^), n.

Fluff (fliif ), n. Nap or down ; flue. — Fluffy
(-y), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff ; soft
and downv.

Flu'id (ttii'fd), a. Capable of flowing ; liquid or
gaseous. — n. A liquid or flowing substance. —
Flu-id'i-ty (flu-Y.l'T-tJr), 7i. Quality of being
fluid ; a liquid ; aeriform or gaseous state.

Flower-de-luce.

a, e, 1, 5, fl, long ; &, 6, i, 5, H, y, short ; seuftte, Svent, tdea, Obey, Onite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

FLUKE

161 FOIBLE

Fluke (Auk), to. The part of an anchor which

fastens in the ground. <*^

Flume (riuin), to. A stream ; chan- '
nel for water that drives a mill
wheel. C.

Flum'mer-y ( fluni'nier-y ), to. A *
kind of pap formerly made of
flour or meal ; something insipid
or worthless ; trash ; nonsense. cc Flukes.
Flung (flung), imp. & p. p. of Fling.
Flunk (flunk), v. i. To fail ; to back out, through

fear. — v~. t. To shirk. — to. Failure.
Flunlty (flun'ky), to. A livery servant ; lackey ;
one obsequious or cringing ; one easily deceived
in buying stocks. — Flun'ky-ism (-Iz'm), to.
Cringing servility ; toadyism.
Flur'ry (flur'ry"), «. A blast ; gust ; dying spasms
of a whale ; commotion ; bustle ; confusion. —
v. t. To agitate ; to alarm.
Flush (flush), v. i. [Flushed (flusht) ; Flush-
ing.] To How and spread suddenly ; to become
suffused ; to blush ; to glow. — v. t. To make
full ; to flood (sewers, etc., to clean them) ; to
put to the blu3h ; to redden ; to animate ; to
elate ; to start (a bird or game). — n. Sudden
flowing ; rush ; glow ; flock of frightened birds ;
a hand of cards of the same suit. — a. Full of
vigor ; fresh ; liberal ; lavish ; level or unbroken
in surface. — adv. So as to be level or even with.
Flus'ter ( flus'ter ), v. t. [Flustered (-rerd) ;
Flustering.] To make hot, as with drinking ;
to confuse ; to muddle. — to. Heat ; agitation ;
disorder; bustle.
Flute (flut), n. A tubular wind instrument, with
holes stopped by the fingers or keys ; channel
in a column ; reed ; groove made in wood or in
cloth. — v. t. To form flutes or channels in ; to
groove. — Flut'ing, to. A channel ; furrow ;
fluted work. — Flut'ist, to. A performer on the
flute ; a flautist.
Flut'ter (flut'ter), v. i. [Fluttered (-terd);
Fluttering.] To move or flap the wings rapid-
ly ; to move with quick vibrations or irregularly ;
to fluctuate. — v. t. To vibrate ; to agitate ; to
throw into confusion. — to. Act of fluttering;
hurry ; tumult ; confusion.
Flu'vi-al (flu'vl-al), Flu'vi-at'io (-St'Tk), Flu'vi-
a-tile (-a-til), a. Belonging to, existing in, or
formed by, rivers,
flux ( fluks ), to. A flowing ; change ; matter
which flows ; substance for melting minerals ;
dysentery, — v. t. [Fluxed (flukst) ; Fluxing.]
To fuse. — Flux-atlon (-a'shun), n. A flux-
ing. — Flux'ion ( fliik'shun ), to. A flowing ;
matter that flows ; a method of mathematical
analysis ; an infinitely small variable quantity.
i |y (fli), v. i. [imp. Flew (flu) ; p. p. Flown
(lion) ; p. pr. Flowing.] To move in the air with
wings ; to float in air ; to move rapidly ; to flee ;
to burst open ; to part.— v. t. To shun ; to avoid;
to set floating (akite, flag, etc.). — to. A winged
insect of many species ; light carriage ; appliance
equalizing the motion of machinery ; flight of a
ball when struck. — Fli/er, Fly'er, n. — Fly'-
DlOW (-bio'), v. t. To deposit maggots or eggs on
(meat) ; to taint. — to. One of the eggs or larvae
deposited by a flesh fly or blowfly.— Fly'blown'
(-blon/)»«- Tainted; foul.— Fly'speck' (-spgk'),
to. A stain caused by excrement of a fly. — v. t.
To soil with flyspecks. — Fly'trap' (-trap/), to.
A device for catching flies ; a plant (called also

Flying Fish.

expansive sk.hi leaguing

Venus's flytrap) whose leaves close upon and
devour bisects that light on them. — Fly leal
An uuprinted leaf at beginning or end of a book;
circular ; programme. — Fly Wheel. A heavy
wheel attached to machinery, to equalize its
motion. —Flying artillery. Artillery trained
to rapid evolutions in battle. — Flying bridge.
A bridge supported by boats, or a ferryboat
anchored up stream, and made to cross by the
force of the current. —Flying fish. A fish of
several species which
can sustain itself in
the air for a short
time, by its long pec-
toral fins. — Flying
Jib. A sail extended
outside of the stand-
ing-jib, on the flying-
jib boom. — Flying-
jib boom. An exten-
sion of the jib boom.
— Flying squirrel.

A squirrel having an expansive skin reaching
from the fore to the
hind legs, which sus-
tains it in very long
leaps.

Foal (fol), n. The young T|
of a mare ; a colt or
filly. — v. t. & i.
[Foaled (lold) ; Foal-
ing.] To bring forth Flying Squirrel,
(a colt or filly).

Foam (f om), to. Bubbles on the surface of liquors ;
froth ; spume. — v. i. [Foamed (f omd) ; Foam-
ing.] To froth ; to form, or become filled with,
foam. — v. t. To throw out violently ; to cause
to foam. — Foam'y (-J), a. Frothy ; spumy.

Fob (f5b), to. A little pocket for a watch.

Fob (f5b), v. t. [Fobbed (f 5bd) ; Fobbing.] To
cheat ; to trick ; to impose on.

Fo'CUS (f^kus), n. A point in which rays of light
meet, after being reflected or refracted ; central
point ; point of concentration, —v. t. [Focused
(-kust) ; Focusing.] To bring to a focus ; to
concentrate. — Fo'cal (-kal), a. Belonging to,
or concerning, a focus.

Fod'der (fSd'der), to. Food for horses, cattle,
sheep, etc. — v. t. [Foddered (-derd) ; Fod-
dering.] To feed (cattle) with dry food, cut
grass, etc.

Foe (fo), n. An enemy ; adversary ; opponent. —
Foe'man (fo'man), n. An enemy in war.

FCB'tUS, to. Same as Fetus.

Fog (fog), to. Watery vapor in the atmosphere;
mental obscurity or confusion. — v. t. To en-
velop with fog; to befog. — Fog'gy (-gf), a.
Filled with fog ; cloudy ; dull. — Fog'gi-ness, to.

Fog (f 5g), to. Second growth of grass ; long grass
that remains in pastures till winter. — v. t.
[Fogged (f5gd); Fogging.] To pasture (cattle)
in fog ; to eat oft the fog from. — Fog'gage (f 5g'-
gaj), n. Rank grass standing till winter ; fog.

Fo'gy (f o'gy), to. ; pi. Fogies (-glz). A dull fel-
low ; person behind the times, slow, or conserv-
ative. [Written also fogie and fogey.'] — Fo'-
gy-ism (-Iz'm), to. The conduct of a fogy.

Foh (f o), inter j. Exclamation of contempt ; poh ;

fy-

Foi'ble (foi'b'l), to. A moral weakness ; failing ;
frailty ; defect.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FOIL

162

FORBEAR

Poll (foil), v. t. [Foiled (foild) ; Foiling.] To
frustrate ; to baffle ; to balk ; to spoil. — n. Fail-
ure; miscarriage; sword with a blunted point, for
fencing ; track or ^

trail of an animal. ' """■J^**

Foil.

Foil (foil), ». Leaf
or thin plate of
metal, esp. bright metal placed under jewels to
increase their brilliancy or give them color ; a
thing which adorns or sets off another to advan-

Fotet "fofs")^. *.fLjJQ ^W (p 4
To insert wrong-^-^"^ 7T"T "

fully ; to interpose- * 0lls-

Fold (told), v. t. To double; to lap; to lay in
plaits or folds ; to envelop ; to clasp ; to em-
brace; to cover. — n. A doubling of a flexible
substance ; times or repetitions ; — used with
numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote mul-
tiplication or increase. — Fold'er, n.

Fold (fold), n. An inclosure for sheep ; a flock
(of 6heep).— v. I. & i. To collect (sheep) in a
fold.

Fol'de-rol' (f51'de-r51'), n. Nonsense.

Fo'li-age (fo'l!-£j), n. Leaves of trees; leafage.
— Fo'li-ate (-at), v. t. To beat into, or spread
over with, a thin coat. —a. Leafy. — Fo'li-a'-
C60US (-a'shiis), a. Leafy ; like leaves ; having
leaves intermixed with flowers ; having the form
of a leaf or plate. — Fo'li-a'tion (-shun), n. A
forming into leaves, or beating (metal) into
plates ; splitting of rocks into slabs.

Fol'i.0 (fol'yo or io'lT-6), n. ; pi. Folios (-yoz or
-T-oz). A sheet of paper once folded ; book made
of sheets of paper folded once ; page in a book ;
a certain number of words (in England 72, in
New York 100) in a writing. — a. Formed of
sheets folded once. — v. t. To page, or num-
ber (the sheets in a book).

Folk (fok), Folks (foks), n. collect. &pl. People ;
class of people.

Fol'li-Cle (f51'lT-k'l), n. A simple pod of a plant
opening down the inner
suture ; a vessel distended
with air ; little bag in animal
bodies ; a gland.

Fol'lOW (f51'lo), v. t. & i.
[Followed (-ltd) ; Follow-
ing.] To go or come after ;
to pursue ; to imitate ; to Follicle,

copy ; to embrace ; to maintain ; to result. —
Fol'low-er (-er), n.

Fol'ly (f511y_), n. State of being a fool ; want of
sense ; levity or derangement of mind ; a foolish
act ; foolery.

FO-menV (fo-mgnf), v. t. To apply warm lotions
to ; to promote by excitements ; to encourage ;
to abet. — Fo'men-ta'tion (fo'mgn-ta'shun), n.
A fomenting ; lotion applied to a diseased part ;
instigation ; encouragement.

Fond (f5nd), a. Foolishly tender and loving ;
tender ; pleased , loving ardently. — Fond'ly,
adv.— Fond'ness,n.— Fon'dle(f5n'd'l),?>.f. To
treat tenderly ; to caress. — Fon'dling (f5n'-
dlYng), n. One fondled or caressed.

Fmt (font), n. A fountain; spring; vessel con-
taining water for baptizing.

Font (font), n. A complete assortment of printing
type of one size.

Food (food), n. Whatever sustains, nourishes,
and augments ; sustenance ; nutriment ; feed ;
fare ; meat. — a. Suitable for food.

Fool (fool), n. One destitute of reason, or deficient
in intellect ; simpleton ; dunce ; idiot ; jester ;
buffoon, — v. i. [Fooled (foold) ; Fooling.]
To act like a fool ; to trifle ; to toy. — v. t. To
infatuate ; to make a fool of ; to impose upon ;
to cheat. — Fool'ish (-Ish), a. Absurd ; unwise ;
indiscreet ; silly ; vain ; trifling. — Fool'ish-ly,
adv. — Fool'ish-ness, n. — Fool'er-y (-er-y), n.
Practice of folly ; absurdity ; nonsense. — Fool'-
har/dy (-har'dy),a. Foolishly bold ; rash; head-
long. — FooFhardi-ness, n.

Fools'cap' (foolz'kap/), n. Long folio writing
paper.

Foot (loot), n. The terminal part of the leg ; part
below the ankle ; lowest part ; foundation ; ba-
sis ; rank ; measure in poetry ; measure of 12
inches in length ; infantry. — v. i. To tread
to measure or music ; to dance ; to walk. — v.
t. To kick ; to tread ; to sum up (numbers in
a column) ; to add a foot to. — Foot'ing, n.
Ground for the foot ; foundation ; state ; tread ;
summing or sum of a column of figures ; sum
total of such a column ; a putting a foot to any-
thing ; thing added as a foot. — Foot ' ball'
(-bal/), n. An inflated ball ; sport of kicking
the" football. — Foot'boy' (-boi'), n. A page.
— Foot/bridge' (-biTj')j n. A bridge for foot
passengers. — Fooffall' (-fal'), n. A footstep,
or its sound. — Foot'hold' (-hold'), n. A hold-
ing with the feet ; firm standing ; footing. —
Foot'light' (-lit/), n. One of a row of lights be-
fore the stage in a theater, etc. — Foofman
(-man), n. A soldier who fights on foot ; male
servant who attends the door, carriage, table,
etc. — Foot/mark' (-mark'), n. A footprint ;
track. — Foot'note/ (-not'), n. A note of refer-
ence at the loot of a page. — Foot'pad7 (-pSd'),
n. A highwayman ; robber. — Foot ' print'
(-print/), n. A trace; footmark. — Foot/step'
(-step7), n. A footprint ; token ; mark. — Foot''
Stool7 (-stool'), n. A stool for the feet. — Foot'-
sore' (-sor'), a. Having sore feet, as from much
walking. — By foot, On foot. By walking. —

Foot and mouth disease. A contagious dis-
ease of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., with ulceration
of the mouth and hoofs. — Under loot Pros-
trate ; at one's mercy.

Fop ( f5p ), n. A coxcomb ; dandy. — Fop'ling
(iBp'lTng), n. A petty fop. — Fop'per-y (-per-
f), n. Behavior, manners, or dress, of a fop ;
impertinence ; foolery. — Fop'pish (-pish), a.
Foplike ; affected in manners. — Fop'pisn-ly,
adv. — Fop'pisn-ness, n.

For (fSr), prep. In the place of ; instead of ; be-
cause of ; concerning ; toward ; during, —conj.
Because ; since.

For'age (for'aj), n. Act of providing food ; food
for horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay,
corn, etc. — v. i. [Foraged (-ajd) ; Foraging.]
To search for food ; to ravage ; to feed on spoil.
— For'a-ger (-Sj-er), n.

For'as-much' (for'az-much'), conj. In considera-
tion of ; because that.

For'ay (f or'a or fS-ra'), n. A pillaging excursion ;
a raid.

For-bade' (f5r-b5d'), imp. of Forbid.

Forbear' (f5r-bfir'), v. t. & i. [imp. Forbore
(-bor'), Obs. Forbare (-bftr') ; p. p. Forborne

a, S, I, o, a, long ; &, g, i, 5, H, y , short ; sen&te, event, idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, firm, ask, all, final,

FORBEARANCE

163

FORETOP

(-born/) ; Forbearing."] To cease ; to abstain ;
to delay. — For-bear'ance (-ana), n. A forbear-
ing; patience; lenity; mildness.

For-bid' (f5r-bld'), v. t. [imp. Forbade (-bXd') ;
p. p. Forbidden (-bTd'd'n), Obs. Forbid ; For-
bidding.] To command not lo do ; to oppose ;
to prohibit; to hinder. -—v. i. To prevent.—
For-bid'ding, a. Repulsive ; disagreeable.

Force (fors), n. Strength ; energy ; stress ; pow-
er ; violence ; constraint ; validity ; compulsion ;
body of combatants; armament prepared for
action, —v.t. [Forced (forst) ; Forcing.] To
compel ; to oblige ; to drive ; to press ; to ravish.

— For'ci-ble (for'sf-b'l), a. Having or mani-
festing force ; potent ; weighty. — For'Ci-bly,
adv. — For'ci-ble-ness, n.

Force'meat (fors'met), n. Meat chopped fine

and seasoned, used as a stuffing.
For'ceps (fer'seps), n. A surgeon's pincers or

tongs.
Ford (ford), n. A shallow place where water may

be passed through on foot. — r. /. To pass

through by wading. — Ford'a-bie (-a-b'l), a.
Fore (for), a. Coming or going first ; antecedent.

— adv. Before ; in advance; in the fore part.

— n. The front ; future. — Fore and aft. From
stem to stern ; lengthwise of a vessel.

Fore-arm' (for-arm'), v. t. To arm for attack or
resistance before the time of need.

Fore/arm/ (for'arm'), n. That part of the arm
between elbow and wrist.

Fore-bode/ (for-bod'), v. t. & i. To foretell ; to
augur ; to prognosticate ; to presage. — Fore-
bod'ing, n. Expectation of misfortune ; an ap-
prehension.

Fore-cast' (for-kasf), v. t. & i. To contrive be-
f oreh \nd ; to project ; to foresee. — Fore/cast/
(for'kasf), n. Previous contrivance ; foresight.

Fore'cas tie (tor'kaV'l; among sailors fok's'l),
n. The forward part of a ship, below the deck,
where the sailors live.

Fore-Close' (for-kloz'), v. t. To shut up or out ;
to preclude ; to stop ; to bar ; to exclude. —
Fore-Clo'sure (-klc^zhur), n. Act or process of
foreclosing ; deprivation of a mortgager of the
right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.

Fore'f a'ther ( I or'ia' ther), n. An ancestor.

Fore-fend' ( I or-f gnd'), v. t. To fend off ; to avert ;
to defend ; to secure.

Fore'f In' ger (for'fTn/ger), n. The finger next the
thumb ; index finger.

Forefoot' (for'feotf), n. One of the anterior feet
of an animal ; timber terminating a ship's keel
at the fore end, connecting it with the stem.

Fore'front (for'frtint), n. Foremost part or place.

Fore-gO' (for-go7), v. t. [Forewent ; Foregone.]
To quit ; to relinquish ; to renounce ; to precede.

Fore'ground' (for'ground'), n. That part of a
picture which seems nearest the spectator.

Fore'hand'ed (for'hand'Sd), a. Early ; timely ;
in easy circumstances.

ForeTiead (for'Sd), n. The upper part of the
face ; the brow.

For'eign (f5rTn), a. Not native ; alien ; not per-
tinent, appropriate, or agreeable ; remote ; ex-
trinsic. — FOBfelgn-er (-er), n. One belonging
to a foreign country ; an alien.

Fore-know' (for -no'), v. t. limp. Foreknew
(-nu') ; p. p. Foreknown (-non') ; Foreknow-
ing.] To have previous knowledge of ; to know
beforehand. — Fore-knowl'edge (-n51'gj), n.

Knowledge of a thing before it happens ; pre*
science.

Fore'land' (for'land'), n. A promontory ; a cape f
a headland.

Forelock' (for15k'), n. A lock of hair on the
forehead.

Foreman (for'man), n. The first or chief man
(of a jury, set of hands in a shop, etc.) ; over-
seer.

Fore'masf ( for 'mast' ) , n. The forward mast of a
vessel.

Fore'most' (for'mosf ), a. First in place ; chief
in rank or dignity.

Fore'noon' (for'noon'), n. The first half of the
day ; time from morning till meridian or noon.

Fo-ren'sic (fo-rgn'sTk), a. Belonging to courts of
law ; argumentative.

Fore/or-dain' (f or'6r-dan'), v. t. To ordain or ap-
point beforehand ; to predestinate ; to predeter-
mine. — Fore-or'di-na'tion (-Sr'dT-na'shun), n.
Previous ordination or appointment ; predeter-
mination ; predestination.

Fore'part' (f or'parf ), n. The part most advanced,
or first in time or in place ; the beginning.

Fore-run' (for-run'), v. t. [imp. Foreran ; p. p.
Forerun ; p. pr. Forerunning.] To run be-
fore ; to precede ; to announce. — Fore-mn'ner
(for-run'ner or for'riin'-), n. A messenger sent
before ; a harbinger ; a prognostic.

Fore'salP (for'sal' or for's'l), n. A sail extended
on the yard supported by the foremast ; also, the
first triangular sail before the mast of a sloop.

Fore-see' (for-scO, v. t. [imp. Forbsaw (-sa') ;
p. p. Foreseen (-sen') ; p. pr. Foreseeing.]' To
see beforehand ; to foreknow.

Fore-snad'OW (for-shad'o), v. t. To shadow or
typify beforehand ; to prefigure.

Fore-Short'en (for-sh6rt''n), v. t. To shorten by
drawing in perspective ; to represent as seen
obliquely.

Fore-show' (for-sho7), v. t. [imp. Foreshowed
(-shod') ; p. p. Foreshown (-shon') ; p. pr.
Foreshowing.] To show or exhibit beforehand ;
to prognosticate ; to foretell.

Fore'sight' (for'sit/), n. Act or power of fore-
seeing ; prescience ; forethought ; any reading
of a surveyor's leveling staff, except the back-
sight.

Fore'skln (for'skin), n. Skin that covers the
glans penis ; prepuce.

Fcr'est (fSr'gst), n. An extensive wood. — For'-
est-er, n. An inhabitant, or one in charge, of
a forest. — For'est-ry (-rj), n. Cultivation of
forests ; care of growing tim ber.

Fore-stall' (for-stal'), v. t. To take beforehand ;
to anticipate ; to preoccupy ; to exclude. —
Fore-stall'er, n.

Fore'taste' (for'tastf), n. A taste beforehand;
anticipation. — Fore-taste7 (f or-tasf ), v. t. To
anticipate ; to taste before another.

Fore-tell' (for-tgl'), v. t. [Foretold (-told'),
Foretelling.] To predict; to augur, — v. i.
To utter prophecy. — Fore-tell'er, n.

Fore'thought' (for'thaf), n. Anticipation; pre-
meditation ; provident care ; forecast.

Fore-toten (for-to'k'n), v. t. To foreshow. —
Fore/to/ken (for'to^n), n. A prognostic; a
previous sign.

Fore' tooth' (for' tooth'). One of the teeth in the
forepart of the mouth ; an incisor.

Fore'top' (for'tSpO, n. The hair on the forepart

fern, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, cnair, go, sing, ink, then, ttoin.

FOREVER

164

FORTUNE HUNTER

Forge.

Of the head ; the forward part of a headdress ;
a platform at the head of the foremast.

For'ev'er (for'gv'er), adv. To eternity; contin-
ually; always; ceaselessly; endlessly.

Pore-warn' (for-warn'), v. L To warn beforehand ;
to inform previously.

For'ieit (fSr'f It), a. Lost for a crime ; liable to
seizure. — t;. *. To lose, or lose the right to,
by fault or crime. — rc. Thing lost by an of-
fense or crime ; fine ; penalty. — For'feit-a-ble
f-a-b'l), a. Liable to forfeiture. — For'fel-ture
(-fl-tur), n. A forfeiting ; thing forfeited.

Forgave' (for-gav'), imp. of Fokgite.

Forge (forj), n. A place where iron is wrought.

— v. t. [Fobged
(forjd); FOEGING
(for'jing).] To form
by heating and ham-
mering ; to shape ;
to produce ; to make
falsely ; to fabricate ;
to counterfeit.— v.i.
To commit forgery ;
to move heavily and
slowly, as a ship. —
For'ger (for'jer), n.
One who forges or
forms; one guilty
of forgery. — For'-
ger-y(-y), n. Act of
forging, fabricating,
or producing falsely ; crime of counterfeiting ;
thing forged.

Forget' (for-ggf), v. t. limp. Foegot (-g5f),
Obs. Fobgat (-gat') : p. p. Fobgotten (-gSt't'n),
Foegot; Foegetting.] To lose remembrance
of ; to treat with inattention ; to neglect. —
For-get'fttl (-ful), a. Apt to forget ; careless.

— For-get'ful-ly, adv. — For-get'ful-ness, n.
FOT-get'-me-noV (f5r-ggt'me-not/), n. An herb,

bearing a blue flower, the emblem of fidelity.

For-give' (f5r-glv'), v. t. [imp. Fobgave (-gav') ;
Fobgiven (-glv"n) ; Fobgiving.] To pardon;
to excuse ; to remit. — F6r-give/ness, n. Par-
don. — For-giv'ing, a. Disposed to forgive ;
merciful ; compassionate. — For - glv ' lug - ly,
adv. — For-glv'lng-ness, n.

For-got', For-got/ten, p. p. of Foeget.

Fork (fSrk), n. An instrument with prongs or
tines ; one of the parts into which anything is
divided.— v. i. & t. [Fobked (fSrkt) ; Fobb-
ing.] To divide into branches. — Fork'y (-f),
a. Opening into shoots or points ; furcated.

For-lorn' (f6r-18rn'), a. Deserted ; forsaken ;
helpless; hopeless; miserable; pitiable. — For-
lorn hope. A body of men charged to perform
service attended with uncommon peril ; a des-
perate case or enterprise.

Form (fSrm), n. Shape ; figure ; look ; manner ;
a pattern ; a model ; a phantom ; a bench. — v. t.
[Fobmed (fOrmd) ; Fobming.] To give shape to;
to make ; to fashion ; to model ; to train ; to be a
part or constituent of.— Form'er, n. — Form'al
(fQrm'al), a. Belonging to, or according to,
form ; regular ; methodical ; express ; ceremoni-
ous ; conventional. — Form'al-ly, adv. — Form'-
al-lsm (-Tz'm), n. Quality of being formal. —
Form'al-lst, n. One over-attentive to forms ;
a precisian. — For-mal'i-ty (f5r-m511-ty), n.
Compliance with conventional rules; eonven-
tionality ; established order ; usual method. —

For-ma'tion (-ma'shun^, n. A giving form or
shape to ; structure ; construction ; arrangement
of troops, in square, column, etc. — Form'-
a-tive (f6rm'a-tlv), a. Giving form ; plastic ;
derivative ; not radical. — n. Part of a word
(a prefix, termination, etc.), which serves to give
form, and is no part of the radical ; word formed
regularly, from a root, etc. — Form'less, a.
Shapeless; irregular.

Former (fdr'mer), a. compar. Preceding in
time ; previous ; preceding , foregoing. — For'-
mer-ly, adv. In tiae past ; of old ; heretofore.

For'ml-da-ble (foVmY-da-Vl), a. Bxeifcng fear
or apprehension ; terrible ; horrible ; tremen-
dous. — For'ml-da-bly, adv.

Form'less, a. See under Joem, n.

For'mu-la (f6r'mu-la), n. A prescribed or set
form; established rule ; symbol. — For 'mu- late
(-lat), For'mn-lize (-Hz), v. t. To reduce to, or
express in, formulas. — For'mu-la-ry (-la-r^),
a. Stated ; precise ; ritual. — n. A book of pre-
scribed forms ; model ; formula.

For'ni-cate (f6r'nl-kat), v. i. To have unlawful
sexual intercourse. — For'ni-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n.
— For'ni-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. Lewdness of
an unmarried person.

For'ray (fgr'ra or for-ra'), v. t. To ravage, —n.
A ravaging ; a predatory excursion ; a foray.

For-sake' (for-sak'), v. t. [imp. Fobsook (-sook') ;
p. p. Fobsaken (-sak' 'n) ; Fobsaking.] To quit ;
to abandon ; to renounce ; to reject.

For-S00th' (f 5r-8obth'), adv. In truth ; very well ;
verily.

For-swear' (for-swgr'), v. t. & i. [imp. Fob-
swoee ( - swor ' ) ; Foeswobn ( - sworn ' ) ; Fob-
sweaeing.] To renounce upon oath ; to swear
falsely ; to commit perjury.

Fort (fort), n. A fortified place ; fortress ; castle.

Forte (fort), n. The strong point ; that in which
one excels.

llFor'te (fSr'ta or f oVta), adv. Loudly ; strongly ;
powerfully.

Forth (forth), adv. Forward ; onward ; out from ;
away ; abroad. — Forth'-rCOm'ing (-kum'Ing),
a. Ready to come forth or appear ; making ap-
pearance.— Forth-with' (-with' or -with'), adv.
Immediately ; without delay ; directly.

For'tl-eth, a. Sec under Fobty.

For'tl-fy (f8r'tT-fi), v. t. [FoBTrFTED (-fid) ; For-
tifying. ] To strengthen ; to secure by forts, bat-
teries, etc. — For'ti-fi-ca'tion (-f I-ka'shun), n.
Military architecture ; a defensive work ; a for-
tified place.

HFor-tls'si-mO (f6r-tes'se-mo or for-tls'sl-mo),
adv. Very loud.

For'ti-tude (f&r'tt-tud), n. Passive courage ; res-
olute endurance ; courage ; braver}'.

Fort'nighV (fSrt'nit'), n. The space of fourteen
days ; two weeks. — Fort'night-ly, a. & adv.
Once in a fortnight.

For'tress (fQr'trgs), n. A fortified place ; a fort ;
a stronghold ; a citadel.

For-tu'1-tons (fgr-tii'T-tus), a. Accidental ; cas-
ual ; incidental. — For-tn'1-tons-ly , adv. — For-
tu'i-ty (-ty), n. Accident ; cliance ; casualty.

For'tune (for'tun), n. Chance ; accident ; luck ;
fate ; destiny ; good or ill success ; possessions ;
wealth. — 0 . i. To come to pass ; to happen. —
For'tn-nate (-tu-nat), a. Coming by favorable
chance ; auspicious ; lucky ; prosperous. —
For'tu-nate-ly, adv. — Fortune hunter. A

5, 5, 3, o, u, long ; ft, 6, i, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, Unite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

FORTUNE TELLER

165

FRAGILE

man who seeks to marry a wealthy woman, to
enrich himself. — Fortune teller. One who
tells future events of one's life. — Fortune
telling. The foretelling events in the life of
another.

For'ty (fSr'ty), a. Four times ten. — n. The
sum of forty units ; a symbol expressing forty
units, as 40 or xl. — For'ti-eth (-tT-eth), a.
Following the thirty-ninth ; constituting one of
forty equal parts into which a thing is divided.

Fo'rum (fo'rum), 7i. A public place in Rome ;
a tribunal ; a court.

Forward (iSr'werd), For'wardS (-werdz), adv.
In front ; onward ; in advance ; progressively.

— For'ward, a. Near or at the fore part;
prompt ; willing ; 6trongly inclined ; eager ;
over ready ; less reserved or modest than is
proper; bold; precocious; presumptuous. —v.
/. To help onward ; to advance ; to promote ;
to send forward ; to transmit. — For'ward-er,
n. — For'ward- ly, adv. Eagerly ; hastily ; ob-
trusively •, impudently. — For'ward-ness, n.

Fosse (f5s), n. A ditch ; a moat.

Fos'sil (fos'sTl), a. Dug out of the earth ; petri-
fied. — n. A substance dug from the earth ; a
petrified form of a plant or animal ; a person
whose ideas are extremely antiquated. — Fos7-
Sil-if'er-OUS (-Tf'er-us), a. Containing fossil re-
mains. — Fos'Sil-ist (-1st), n. A student of fos-
sils; a paleontologist. — Fos'Sil-ize (-Iz), v. t.
To convert into a petrifaction. — v. i. To be-
come antiquated, rigid, or fixed.

Fos'ter (fSs'ter), v. t. [Fostered (-terd) ; Foster-
ing.] To feed ; to nourish ; to rear ; to cherish ;
to encourage ; to stimulate. — Fos'ter-er, n. —
Fos'ter-age (-aj), n. Charge of nursing a child.

— Foster brother, sister, child, father, moth-
er, parent, son. One not related by blood, but
otherwise holding the place of sister, child, etc.

Fought (fat), imp. & p. p. of Fight.

Foul (foul), a. Covered with or containing ex-
traneous matter which is injurious, noxious, or
offensive ; defiled ; impure ; not fair ; stormy ;
hateful ; unpropitious ; unfair ; dishonest ;
cheating. — v. t. To make filthy ; to defile ; to
bring into collision with something that im-
pedes motion. — v. i. To become entangled or
clogged. — n. An entanglement; a collision;
an improper stroke of the ball, etc., in certain
games. — Foul'ly, adv. — Foul'ness, n.

HFou'lard' (F. fob lar' ; E. foo-lard'), n. A thin,
washable fabric of silk, or silk and cotton.

Found (found), imp. & p. p. of Find.

Found (found), v. t. To fix upon a basis ; to estab-
lish firmly ; to base ; to ground ; to build ; to
institute. — Found'er, n. — Foun-da'tion (f oun-
da'shiin), n. Establishment ; settlement ; basis ;
bottom ; support ; endowment.

Found (found), v. t. To form by melting metal,
and pouring it into a mold ; to cast. — Found'-
er, n. — Found'ry (-ry), Found'er-y (-er-y), n.
A casting metals ; place where metals are cast.

Found'er, n. See under Found, to fix, also to
form by melting.

Found'er (found'er), v. i. [Foundered (-erd) ;
Foundering.] To fill with water, and sink, as
a ship ; to fail ; to miscarry ; to stumble and go
lame, as a horse. — v. t. To make (a horse)
lame. — n. Inflammation and lameness in a
horse's foot ; inflammatory fever or rheumatism
in the body

Found'er-y, n. See under Found, to form by
melting.

Found'ling (found'ling), n. A child found with-
out a parent or owner.

Found'ry, n. See under Found, to form by
melting.

Fount (fount), n. A font of type.

Fount (fount), Foun'tain (foun'tTn), n. A spring,
natural source, or stream of water ; jet ; origin.

— Fountain head. Primary source ; original.
Four (for), a. One more than three ; twice two.

— n. Sum of four units ; symbol representing
four units, as 4 or iv. — Four'fold' (-fold'), a.
Quadruple; four times told. — n. Four times
as much. — Four'foot'ed (-footed), a. Having
four feet ; quadruped. — Four'SCOre7 ( - skor ' ),
a. Four times twenty ; eighty. — n. Eighty
units. — Four'square7 (-skwSr'), a. Having
four sides and four equal angles ; quadrangular.

— Fourth (forth), a. Next following the third
and preceding the fifth ; forming one of four
equal parts into w.hich a thing is divided. — n.
One of four equal parts of a thing ; a quarter.

— Fourthly, adv. In the fourth place.
Four'teen' (for'ten'), n. The sum of ten and

four ; a symbol representing this number, as 14
or xiv. —a. Four and ten more ; twice seven.

— Four'teenth' (-tenth7), a. Succeeding the
thirteenth and preceding the fifteenth ; form-
ing one of fourteen parts into which a thing is
divided.— n. One of fourteen equal parts of a
thing.

Fourth, etc. See under Four, a.

Fowl (foul), n. A winged animal ; bird ; cock or
hen. — v. i. To catch or kill wild fowl. —
Fowl'er (-er), n. A sportsman who pursues or
kills birds. — Fowling piece. A light gun ior
shooting birds or small game.

Fox (foks), n. A carnivorous doglike animal,

European Fox.

remarkable for its cunning ; the thrasher shark
or sea fox ; a cunning fellow ; rope yarn twisted
and tarred, —v. t. [Foxed (fokst) ; Foxing.]
To cover (feet of boots) with new leather. —
Foxed (fokst), a. Stained (timber, or paper in
books or engravings) ; repaired by foxing. —
Fox'y (-y), a. Pertaining to foxes ; wily ; of a
reddish-brown color.

HFoy'er' (fwa/ya'), n. A lobby in a theater ; a \
crucible in a furnace.

Fra'cas (fra'kffs; F. fra7ka'), n. An uproar;
a noisy quarrel.

Frac'tion (f rak'shiin), n. A portion ; fragment ;
an aliquot part of a unit or whole number. —
Frac'tion-al, a- Pertaining to, or constituting,
a fraction.

Frac'tiOUS (frSk'shus), a. Apt to quarrel or
f rot ; peevish ; cross ; pettish. — Frac/tiOUS-ly,
adv. — Frac'tious-ness, n.

Frac'ture (irSk'tur), n. A snapping asunder;
rupture ; breaking of a bone. — v. t. To break ;
to crack.

Frag'ile (frSj'Tl), a. Easily broken ; brittle;

fSrn, recent, 6rb, ryde, full, firn, food, foot, out, oil, clxair, go, sing, ink, then, thrtV

FRAGILITY

166

FREIGHT

upi

ab Uprights or Posts ;
ed ed Struts, Ties, or
Braces t bb Crosspiece
or Girder.

weak; frail. — Fra-gil'i-ty (fra-jilf-ty), n.
Brittleness; frailty.

Frag'ment (frSg'ment), n. A part broken off;
a small, detached portion. — Frag'men-ta-ry
(-mgn-ta-rjr), a. Composed of fragments ; not
complete.

Fra'grant (fra'grant), a. Sweet of smell ; odor-
ous; aromatic. — Fra'grant-ly, adv. — Fra'-
grance (-grans), Fra'gran-cy (-gran-sy), n.
Quality of being fragrant.

Flail (fral), a. Easily broken ; weak ; infirm ;
unchaste. — Frail'ness, n. — Frail'ty (-ty), n.
Frailness ; fault arising from weakness ; liabil-
ity to be deceived or seduced.

Frail (fral), n. A basket made of rushes ; quan-
tity of raisins (from 32 to 75 pounds) contained
in such a basket ; a rush for weaving baskets.

Frame (fram), v. t. To construct ; to fabricate ;
to make ; to devise ; to shape ; to conform ; to
put (a picture) into a u
frame. — n. A thing
composed of parts fitted
together ; fabric ; struc-
ture ; bodily structure ;
make or build of a per-
son ; skeleton ; system ;
condition ; humor. —
Fram'er, n. — Frame-
work' (- wftrk '), n. A
framing or frame ; basis ;
work done on a frame or
loom.

Franc (frSnk), n. A French silver coin, worth
about nineteen cents.

Fran'chise (fran'chtz or -chiz), n. A privilege ;
immunity ; right to vote ; asylum or sanctuary,
—v. t. To make free. — Fran ' chise - ment
(-chiz-ment), n. Release ; freedom.

Fran'gi-ble (fran'jT-b'l), a. Capable of being
broken ; brittle ; fragile. — Fran ' gi - Ml ' i - ty
(-bTl'i-ty), n.

Frank (frank), a. Free ; not reserved ; candid ;
plain; open; sincere, —v. t. [Franked
(frSnkt) ; Franking.] To send by public con-
veyance free of expense ; to exempt from charge
for postage. — n. A signature of a person pos-
sessing the privilege of sending letters, etc.,
free— Frank'ly, adv.— Frank'ness. n.

Frank (frSnk), n. One of the German tribes who
in the 5th century established the kingdom of
France ; a European.

Frank'in-cense (frankln-sgns), n. A dry resin,
used as a perfume and for medicinal fumiga-
tion.

Fran'tiC ( f ran ' tik ), a. Mad ; raving ; noisy ;
wild. — Fran'tic-ly, adv. — Fran'tic-ness, n.

Fra-ter'nal (fra-ter'nal), a. Pertaining to, or be-
coming, brothers ; brotherly. — Fra-ter'nal-ly,
adv. — Fra-ter'ni-ty (-nY-ty), ». State or qual-
ity of being fraternal ; brotherhood ; a body of
men associated for common interest, business,
or pleasure. — Fra'ter-nize (f ra'ter-niz or fraV-
8r-), v. i. To associate as brothers. — Fra'ter-
nl-za'tlon (-nT-za'shfin), n. A fraternizing.

Frat'ri-Cide (fraVrY-sid), n. Murder, also the
murderer, of a brother. — Frafri-ci'dal (-si'-
dol), a. Pertaining to, or involving, fratricide.

Fraud ( frad ), n. Deception ; deceit ; guile ;
trick ; cheat ; fraudulent procedure ; breach of
trust. — Frand'u-lent ( frad ' u-lent ), a. De-
ceitful; trick ish ; unfair; treacherous. —

Fraud'u-lent-ly, adv. - Fraud'u-lence (-lens),

Fraud'u-len-cy (-len-sy), n.
Fraught (frat), a. Freighted; laden; filled;

full; stored.
Fray (fra), n. An affray ; a broil ; a contest. —

v. t. To frighten ; to terrily.
Fray (fra), v. t. & i. [Frayed (frad) ; Fraying.]

To rub ; to wear off ; to fret ; to ravel. — n. A

fret, chafe, or worn place in cloth.
Freak (frek), n. A sudden, causeless change of

the mind ; a whim ; a caprice, —v. t. [Freaked

(frekt) ; Freaking.] To variegate ; to checker.

— Freak 'ish, a. Whimsical ; capricious. —
Freak'ish-ly, adv. — Freak'ish-ness, n.

Frec'kle(frek'k'l), n. A spot of a yellowish color
in the skin ; a small discoloration. — v. t. & i.
To color with freckles; to spot. — FreCkly
(-kly), a. Full of freckles or spots.

Free (ire), a. Not under restraint or compulsion ;
at liberty ; candid ; liberal ; frank ; lavish ;
licentious.— v. t. [Freed (fred) ; Freeing (free-
ing).] To make free ; to release ; to disengage ;
to clear.— Freely, adv.— Free'ness, n— Free-
dom (-dQm), n. Exemption from control ; lib-
erty ; familiarity. — Free'bOOfer (-bobtfer), n.
A robber; a pillager. — Free-born' (-bQrn'), a.
Born free ; inheriting liberty. — Freed'man
(fred'man), n. One horn a slave, and freed. —
Freehold' (freehold'), n. An estate of inher-
itance or for life, or the tenure by which it is
held. — FreeOiold'er (-hold'er), n. — Free'man
(-man), n. One who enjoys liberty ; one en-
titled to privileges of citizenship. — Free goods.
Goods admitted to a country free of duty. —
Free port. A port where goods may be received
and shipped without paying customs duties, op
where goods are received from all nations at the
same rates of duty. — Free school. A school
where all pupils are admitted on an equal foot-
ing ; a public school, or school where there is
no charge for tuition. — Free ships. Ships of
neutral nations, which are free from capture in
time of war. — Free states. Those of the
United States in which slavery did not exist
before the Civil War. — Free Stuff. Timber
free from knots ; clear stuff. — Free trade-
Commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regu-
lations.

Free'ma'SOn (fre'ma's'n), n. One of an ancient
and secret association, composed of persons
united for social enjoyment and mutual assist-
ance. — Free'ma'son-ry (-ma's'n-r^), n. Insti-
tutions or practices of freemasons.

Free/Stone/ (fre'ston'), n. A stone composed of
sand, and easily wrought.

Free'think'er (fre'thYnk'er), n. One who dis-
cards revelation. — Free' think7 ing, a. Exhib-
iting undue boldness of speculation ; skeptical.
— n. Unbelief.

Free/will/ ( f re ' wYl ' ), a. Spontaneous ; volun-
tary.

Freeze (frez), v. t. & i. [imp. Froze (froz) ; p.
p. Frozen (fro'z'n) ; Freezing.] To congeal
with cold; to chill. — n. A congealing. —
Freez'er, n. — Freezing point. That degree
of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to
freeze, which, for water, is 32° of Fahrenheit'*
thermometer.

Freight (frit), n. Lading (of a ship, car, etc.) ;
cargo ; price for transportation of merchandise.

— 7'. t. To load (a ship, etc.) with goods. —

ii, e, I, o, u, long , a, e, I, 6, u, y, short , aeuate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

FREIGHTER

167

FRISEUR

French Horn.

Freighter, ». — Freightage (-aj), n. Charge
for transportation ; cargo ; lading.
French (fr&nch), a. Pertaining to France. — ft.
The language, also the people, of France. —
French'man (-man), ft. A native or naturalized
inhabitant of France. — French Chalk. A
variety of talc, of grayish color, used for draw-
ing lines on cloth. — French horn. A wind
instrument con-
sisting of a
coiled, expand*
ing metal tube.

— French roof.
A roof with
curved sides and
flat at the top;
a mansard roof.

Fren'zy (frSn'z^),
n. Violent agitation of the mind ; madness ;
rage; delirium.

Fre'quent (fre'kwent), a. Often done or hap-
pening ; habitual ; persistent. — Fre ' quen - cy
(-kwen-s^), ft. Condition of returning fre-
quently ; constant occurrence. — Fre'quent-ly,
adv. — Fre-quent' (fre-kwenf), v. I. To visit
often ; to resort to habitually. — Fre-quent'er,
«. — Fr^qnen-ta'tion ( fre'kwgn-ta'shun ), n.
Habit of frequenting ; resort. — Fre-quent'a-
tlve (-kwent'a-ti v), a. Expressing frequent rep-
etition of an action. — n. A verb which ex-
presses frequent repetition.

Fres'CO (frgs'ko), ft. A painting on freshly plas-
tered walls. — v. t. [Frescoed (-kod) ; Fres-
coing.] To paint in fresco.

Fresh (frgsh), a. Possessed of original life and
vigor ; new and strong ; recently made or ob-
tained ; raw ; green ; untried ; cool ; brisk ;
not salt. —ft. A pool or spring of fresh water ;
a freshet. — Fresh'ly, adv. — Fresh'ness, ». —
Fresh'en (frgsh''u), v. t. To make fresh; to
revive. — v. i. To grow fresh. — Fresh'et (-gt),
ft. A flood in a river. — Fresh/man (-man), ft.
A novice ; a newly entered student at a college.

— Fresh'-wa'ter (-wa/ter), a. Of or pertain-
ing to water not salt; accustomed to sail on
fresh water only ; unskilled ; raw.

Fret (fret), v. t. [Fretted ; Fretting.] To wear
away by friction ; to corrode ; to chafe ; to im-
pair ; to agitate ; to tease ; to irritate ; to vex.

— v. i. To chafe ; to be vexed or irritated ; to
speak peevishly. — n. Agitation ; vexation. —
Fret'ful (-ful), a. Disposed to fret ; peevish ;
cross. — Fret'fal-ly, adv. — Fret'fol-ness, ft.

Fret (fret), v. i. To ornament with raised work ;

to diversify. — ft. *~~~

Ornamental work in "fl
relief ; carving ; em- M
bossing. — Fret'- 'mm

work' (-wfirk'), ft.

Work adorned with

the player's fingers. — v. t. To furnish (a gui-
tar, etc.) with frets.
Fri'a-Dle (fri'a-b'l), a. Easily crumbled or pul-
verized. — Fri'a-ble-ness, Fri'a-hil'i-ty (-bll'I-
tn n.

Fri'ar (fri'Sr), ft. A member of a religious order ;
a white patch on a printed page. — Fri'ar-y (-y),
n. A monastery ; a convent of friars.

FriVhle (friVb'l), a. Frivolous ; trifling ; silly.
— ». A frivolous fellow ; coxcomb ; fop.

Frio/as-se«/ (frik'as-se7), n. A dish of fowls or
small animals stewed or fried. — v. t. [Fricas-
seed (-sSd') ; Fricabsheinq.] To make a fric-
assee of.

Friction (frik'shun), ft. A rubbing one body
against another ; attrition ; abrasion.

Fri'day (fri'd&), ft. The sixth day of the week.

Fried (frid), imp. &p. p. of Fry.

Friend (frend), ft. One attached to another by
esteem, respect, and affection ; a favorer ; pro-
moter ; a Quaker. — Friend'less, a. Destitute
of friends ; forlorn. — Friendly (-ly), a. Ami-
cable ; kind ; favorable. — Friend'li-uess, ft. —
Friend'ship, ft. Attachment to a person ;
friendly relation ; intimacy.

Frieze (frez or friz), n. A coarse woolen cloth
with nap on one side. — v. t. To make nap on
(cloth).

Frieze (frez), «. The entablature of a column
between architrave and cornice.

Frig'ate (frlg'at), n. A ship of war, larger than
a sloop of war, and less than a ship of the line.

Sailing Frigate (1800-1840).

3El1|[3E[

Greek Fret.

^C^^ss^s:

m

frets ; play of light J^SS^SS*^
and shade, dark and fS&>^S' C-j<<S
light, etc.-Fret'ty S^?g§^§£
(-ty), a. Adorned ?&^§&?&~
with fretwork. ^^^^^:^N^<~S5

3SZZ$S$Z

Fret (fret), ft. An or- C$§£*$$§5^§&^

nament made of ?>^<S~£^^£>>^^

small fillets ar-
ranged in patterns ;
a wire on the finger
board of a guitar, etc. , to guide the position of

Japanese Fret.

Fright (frit), ft. Sudden and violent fear; ter-
ror ; consternation.— v. t. [Frighted; Fright-
ing.] To alarm suddenly ; to terrify ; to scare ;
to dismay ; to daunt. — Fright'en (frif'n), v. t.
To fright. — Frlght'ful (-ful), a. Terrible ; fear*
| ful; awful; horrid; shocking. — Fright'ful-ly,
! adv. — Fright' f ul-ness, n.

Frig'id (frij'Yd), a. Cold ; of low temperature ;
impotent. — Frig'id-ly, adv. — - Frig'id-ness,
Fri-gid'i-ty (M-jTd'T-ty ), «. - Frig'o-rif'io
(frIg'6-rif'Tk), Frig'o-rit'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Causing, producing, or generating cold.

Frill (fril), ft. A ruffle ; ruffling of a hawk's
feathers when shivering with cold. — v. t.
[Frilled (frlld) ; Frilling.] To decorate with
frills. — v. i. To shake or shiver as with cold.

Fringe (frinj), n. A trimming consisting of loose
threads ; a border ; a confine, —v. t. [Fringed
(frlnjd) ; Fringing.] To border with fringe.

Frip'per-y (frir/per-y), ft. Old clothes ; second-
hand finery ; useless matter.

HFri'seur' (fre'zer'), ft. A hairdresser.

fSrn, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FRISK

168

FRUMENTACEOUS

Frisk (frisk), v. i. To skip, dance, or gambol. —
n. A frolic ; a fit of wanton gayety. — Frisk'y
(-jr), a. Frolicsome ; gay. — Frisk'i-ness, n.

Flit (frit), n. Material of which glass is made,
after baking, but before fusion. — v. t. To heat
(material for glass) preparatory to melting.

Frith (frith), n. A narrow arm of the sea ; an
estuary.

Frit'ter (frit'ter), n. A pancake of fried batter ;
a fragment ; shred ; small piece. — v. t. To cut
or break into small pieces or fragments. — To
fritter away. To diminish ; to spend in trifling
employment.

Friv'0-lOUS (friv'6-lus), a. Of little weight,
worth, or importance ; trivial ; unimportant ;

petty. — Friv'o-lous-ness, Fri-vol'i-ty (fri-
vol'T-t?), n.

Friz (friz), Frizz, v. t. To curl or fovm (hair)
into small curls ; to crisp ; to crimp. — n. That
which is frizzed ; anything crisped or curled. —
Friz'zle (-z'l), v. t. To curl ; to friz. — Friz'-
Zler (-zler), n. — Friz'zly, a. Crisped ; crimpy.

Fro (fro), adv. From ; away ; back ; backward.

FrOCk (f rok), n. Outer garment ; gown. — Frock
Coat. A body coat for men, usually double-
breasted, and
with skirts.

Frog (fro g), n.
An amphibious
animal, with
four feet, na-
ked body, and
no tail ; a ten-
d e r, horny
substance i n
the sole of a
horse's hoof;
an oblong but-
ton, swelled in
the middle ; a triangular crossing plate where
one track of a rail-
road branches off
from another or
crosses it at an
acute angle. — v. t.
To ornament (a
coat) with frogs.

Frol'lc (frol'Tk), a. Full of pranks ; gay ; merry.
— n. A prank ; flight of gayety ; scene of mirth ;
merry-making. — v. i. [Frolicked (-Tkt) ; Frol-
icking.] To play tricks of mirth and gayety ; to
sport. — Frol'iC-SOme (-sum), a. Full of mirth ;
sportive. — Frol'ic-some-ness, n.

From (from), prep. Out of ; by reason of ; by
aid of.

Frond (frond), n. The organ formed by the com-
bination of stalks and leaves in certain plants.
— Fron-des'cence (fron-dSs'sens), n. Time at
which each species of plants unfolds its leaves ;
act of bursting into leaf. — Fron-dose' (fr5n-
dos' or fron'dos'), a. Frond-bearing; resem-
bling a frond ; leafy.

Front (frunt), n. Fore part ; forehead ; brow ;
face; boldness; impudence, —v. t. To oppose
face to face ; to stand opposite, or over against ;
to adorn in front. — v. i. To stand foremost or
opposite. — a. Of or relating to the forward
part; foremost. — Front'age (-fij), n. Front
part. — Front'let (-16t), n. Band or fillet worn
on the forehead.

Fron'tal (frSn'tal), a. Belonging to the front.

Spotted Frog.

Railroad Frog.

— n. A front piece ; thing worn on the fore-
head or face ; pediment over a small door or
window.

Fron'tier (fron'ter), n. Part of a country which
fronts or faces another country ; the border. —
a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering ; con-
terminous.

Front/is-piece (fr5n'tis-pes), n. A picture front-
ing the first page of a book.

Front'let, n. See under Front, to.

Frost (frost), n. Act of freezing ; cold or freez-
ing weather ; frozen dew. — v. t. To freeze ; to
cover with anything resembling hoarfrost; to
sharpen (nails in horseshoes). — Frost'y (-y), a.
Like frost ; freezing ; frozen ; chilly ; white. —
Frost'i-ly, adv. — Frost'i-ness, n. — Frost'ing,
n. A composition of egg and sugar for cover-
ing cake, puddings, etc. — Frost'bite' (-bit'),
n. The freezing of some part of the body by
exposure to cold. — v. t. To blight or nip with
frost. — Frost'fish', n. The tomcod, caught
off the New England coast about the time of
the first frosts ; the smelt ; the scabbard fish of
New Zealand.

Froth (frSth), n. Bubbles collected on liquids ;
spume ; foam ; empty show ; unsubstantial
matter. — v.t.& i. To foam. — Froth'y (-y), a.
Full of, or consisting of, froth ; empty ; unsub-
stantial. — Froth'i-ly, adv. — Froth'i-ness, n.

Frou'zy (frou'zy^, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank.

Fro'ward (frdAverd), a. Perversely disobedient ;
untoward ; wayward ; refractory ; peevish. —
Fro'ward-ly, adv. — Fro'ward-ness, n.

Frown (froun), v. t. & i. To rebuke by threat-
ening looks. — n. A wrinkling of the brow in
rebuke, sternness, etc. ; a scowl ; an expression
of displeasure.

Frow'zy (frou'z^), a. Frouzy ; blowzy.

Froz'en (froVn), a. Subject to frost ; chilly.

Frnc'ti-fy (fruk'ti-fi), v. t. To make fruitful ; to
fertilize. — v. i. To bear fruit. — FniC'ti-fi-ca'-
tion (-fT-ka'shiin), n. Act of fructifying ; parts
of a plant which compose the flower and fruit ;
process of developing into fruit. — Fruc-tif'er-
0US (-tif'er-us), a. Producing fruit.

Fm'gal (fru'gfll), a. Economical in use of re-
sources ; sparing ; saving. — Fru'gal-ly, adv. —
Fm-gal'i-ty (fru-gSl'I-ty), n. Prudent econ-
omy ; good husbandry or housewifery.

Fru-gil'er-OUS (f ru-jifer-Qs), a. Producing fruit ;
fruitful. — Fru-giv'O-rous (-ji v'o-rus), a. Feed-
ing on fruits.

Fruit (frut), n. Produce of the earth, of plants,
or of animals ; offspring ; effect ; consequence. —
Fruify (frut'y), a. Having the odor, taste, or
appearance of fruit ; fruitful. — Fruit/age (-»j),
n. Fruit, collectively. — Fruit'er-er (-er-er), n.
One who deals in fruit. — Fruit'er-y (-er-^), n.
Fruit, collectively ; a repository for fruit. —
Fruit'ful (-ful), a. Full of fruit ; fertile ; pro-
lific ; plentiful; rich; abundant, — Fruit'fnl-
ly, adv. — Fruit'fnl-ness, «. — Fruitless, «.
Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren ; un-
profitable ; abortive ; vain ; profitless. — Fruit'-
less-ly, adv. — Fruit'less-ness, n. — Fruit
tree. A tree cultivated lor its fruit. — Small
fruits. Currants, berries, etc.

Fru-i'tion (fru-Tsh'Qn), n. Pleasure derived from
possession or use ; enjoyment ; realization.

Fru'men-ta'ceous (fni lnrn-ta'-iius), a. Made
of, or resembling, wbeat or other grain.

a, e, I, 6, u, long ; &, e, I, 6, u, y, *>hort ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, &nn, ask, all, final,

FRUMENTY

169

FURRIERY

Frustums.

Frn'men-ty (fru/men-ty), n. Food made of wheat I

boiled in milk.
Frush (frush), n. A tender substance in the

sole of a horse ; the frog ; a discharge of fetid I

matter from a horse's foot ; thrush.
Frus'trate (frus'trat), v. t. To bring to nothing ; !

to make null ; to baffle ; to defeat ; to balk. — a.

Vain ; ineffectual ; useless. — FlUS - tra ' tion

(frus-tra'shun), n. Disappointment ; defeat.
llFrus'tum (frus'tiim), n. The part of a solid

next the base, formed by

cutting off the top.
Fry (fri), v. t. [Fried (frid);

Frying.] To cook with fat

in a pan over a fire. — v. i.

To be heated ; to ferment,

foam, or dissolve with heat.

— n. A dish of anything fried ; state of excite-
ment. — Frying pan. A pan with a long
handle, for frying meat and vegetables.

Fuch'si-a (fu'shT-a or fu'sha), n. A flowering
plant of South America.

Fu/CUS (fii^kus), n. A leathery seaweed ; rock-
weed. — Fu'COid (-koid), a. Of the nature of
seaweed. — n. A plant, recent or fossil, re-
sembling seaweed.

Fud'dle (f ud'd'l), v. t. To make foolish by drink.

— v. i. To drink to excesB.

Fudge (fQj), n. A made-up story ; stuff ; non-
sense ; — an exclamation of contempt. — v. t.
To make up ; to fabricate.

Fu'ei (ffi'Sl), n. Any combustible matter ; what-
ever feeds flame, heat, or exoitement.

Fu-ga'ei0US (f d-ga'shuB), a. Flying ; volatile. —
Fu-ga'cious-ness, Fu-gao'i-ty (-gaVT-ty), n.

Fu'gi-tlve (fu'jl-tlv), a. Flying; fleeting; un-
stable ; volatile ; evanescent. — n. One who
flees from his station or duty, from danger or
from punishment ; a deserter. — Fu'gi-tive-ly,
adv. — Fu'gi-tive-ness, n.

Fu'gle-man (iu'g'1-man), n. One who stands in
front of soldiers at drill, as a model to them ; a
director ; a leader.

FugTie (fug), n. Repetition of parts in music.

FuPcrum (ful'kriim), n. A prop or support on
which a lever turns.

Fulfill' (ful-fllO, Ful-fll', v. t.
To fill up ; to make full or com-
plete ; to accomplish ; to bring to F Fulcrum
pass. — Ful-fill'ment (-ment),
n. Accomplishment ; performance.

Ful'gent (ful'jent), a. Bright; shining; daz-
zling. — FuTgen-cy (-jSn-sy), n. Splendor;
glitter.

Full (ful), a. Filled up ; replete ; copious ; am-
ple ; complete ; perfect. — n. Complete meas-
ure ; utmost extent, — adv. Quite ; completely ;
exactly ; entirely. — v. i. To become fully or
wholly illuminated. — Ful' ly, adv. — Full'-
ness, n.

Full (ful), v. t. [Fulled (fuld) ; Fulling.] To
cleanse, scour, and thicken (cloth) in a mill. —
f. i. To become fulled or thickened. — Full'-
et, n. — Fuli'er-y (-er-y), n. A place where cloth
is fulled. — Fuller's earth. Clay used in scour-
ing and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease.

Ful'ml-nate (ful'mT-nat), v. i. & t. To explode ;
to denounce, —n. A compound of fultninic acid
with a base, which explodes by percussion,
friction, or heat. — Ful mi-na'tion (-na'shfln),
n. A detonation ; explosion ; menace ; censure.

pins

— Ful-min'ic (-mTn'ik), a. Pertaining to, or
capable of, detonation.

Ful'SOme (ful'sum), a. Offending by excess or
grossness ; nauseous. — Ful'some-ness, n.

Ful'VOUS (ful'vus), a. Tawny ; dull yellow.

Fum'Dle (f um'b'l), v. i. To grope about ; to seek
awkwardly ; to turn over and over. — Fum'-
bler, n.

Fume (fum), n. Vapor from combustion, or ex-
halation ; smoke ; reek ; idle conceit ; rage. —
v. i. & t. [Fumed (fumd) ; Fuming.] To smoke ;
to vapor ; to rage. — Fum'OUS (fum'us), Fum'y
(-^), a. Producing or full of fumes ; vaporous. —
Fu'mi-gate (fu'mf-gat), v. t. To apply smoke
to ; to clear from infection ; to perfume. — Fu'-
mi-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A fumigating ; scent
raised by fire.

Fun (fun), n. Sport ; merriment.

Func'tion (f unk'shun), n. An office ; duty ; per-
formance. — Func'tion-al (-al), a. Official ;
not organic. — Func/tion-a-ry (-a-ry), n. An
official.

Fond ( fund ), n. A stock ; capital ; invested
sum ; supply ; pi. money for supplies ; public
securities. — v. t. To provide or invest in funds.
-Fund'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. - Sinking fund.
A sum of money set apart for redemption of
public or corporate debts.

Fun'da-ment (fun'da-ment), n. The seat ; part
of the body on which one sits ; anus. — Fun'-
da-men'tal (-mSn'tal), a. Pertaining to the
foundation or basis ; essential ; elementary.

Fu'ner-al (fu'uer-al), n. The ceremony of bury-
ing a body ; burial ; procession at burial. — a.
Pertaining to burial. — Fu-ne're-al (f u-ne're-
al), a. Suiting a funeral ; dismal.

Fun'gus (f un'gus), n. ; pi. L. Fungi (fun'jl), E.
Funguses (f un ' gus - 6z).
A natural order of plants,
comprehending mush-
rooms, toadstools, mold,
mildew, smut, etc. ; ex-
crescence on a plant ;
a spongy, morbid growth
or granulation in animal
bodies ; proud flesh. —
Fun'gOUS (-gus), a. Like
a fungus; excrescent ;
growing suddenly, but not
durable. — Fun - gos ' i-ty
(f un-gosT-ty), n. Fungous
excrescence. Fungus.

Fu'ni-Cle (fii'nT-k'l), n. A small cord ; a liga-
ture ; a fiber. — Fu-nic'U-lar (f u-nik'u-ler), a.
Consisting of a fiber ; dependent on the tension
of a cord.

Funk (funk), n. A foul smell. — v. i. To stink.

Funk ( funk ), n. Great fear and shrinking ;
a panic. — v. i. To shrink ; to flinch.

Fun'nel (fun'nel), n. A vessel shaped like an in-
verted hollow cone for pouring liquid into a
small orifice ; a tunnel ; a smoke pipe ; a flue.

Fun'ny (fun'ny), a. Droll; comical; sportive.

Fur (ffir), n. The short, fine, soft hair of certain
animals ; skins of animals with the fur ; a coat-
ing on the tongue of a feverish person. — v. t.
[Furred £fftrd) ; Furring.] To line with fur ;
to cover (a wall) with strips of board, etc., as
foundation for lathing or protection from
damp. — Fur'ri-er (ffir'rl-er), n. A dealer in
furs. — Fur'ri-er-y (-er-y), n. Furs, in general ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

FURRY

170

GAFF

trade in furs. — Pur'ry (ffir'rjf), a. Covered
with, dressed in, or consisting of, fur. — Fur'-
ring, n. A sheathing of boards, etc.

Fur'be-lOW (fflr'be-lo), n. A flounce ; a plaited
border of a gown.— v. t. To ornament ; to adorn.

Furbish (fur'bTsh), v. t. To scour to bright-
ness; to polish.

Fur'cate (iQKkut), Fur'ca-ted ( fftr'ka-te'd ), a.
Forked. — Fur-ca'tion (fur -ka' shun), n. A
branching like tines of a fork.

Pu'ri-OUS (fu'rl-us), etc. See under Fuby, n.

Furl (ffirl), v. t. [Fueled (fOrld); Furling.]
To wrap (a sail) close to the yard, stay, or mast.

Fur'long (Ifir'lQng), n. One eighth of a mile.

Fur'lough (lfir16), n. A leave of absence from
military service. — v. t. To grant leave of ab-
sence (to an officer or soldier).

Fur'nace (ffir'nas), n. A place inclosing a hot
fire for melting ores, warming a house, baking
bread or pottery, etc.

Fur'nisk (fuVnlsh), v. t. [Fubnished (-nisht) ;
Fubnishing.] To supply ; to provide ; to equip.
— Fur'nish-er, n. — Fur'ui-ture (ffix'nl-tur), n.
That which furnishes ; outfit ; equipment.

Fur'ri-er, Fur'ry, etc. See under Fub, n.

Fm'row (fur'rft), n. A trench in the earth made
by a plow ; a channel ; a groove ; a wrinkle. —
v. 1. To cut a furrow in ; to plow ; to mark with
channels or wrinkles.

Fur'tlier (further), adv. To a greater distance ; |
moreover. — a. More remote ; beyond ; addi-
tional, —v. t. To help forward ; to promote ; to
advance ; to assist. — Fur'tker-er, n. — Fur/-
ther-ance (-ans), n. Advancement. — Fur'tker-
more' (-moV), adv. & conj. Moreover ; besides.

— Fur'tker-most' ( - most ' ), a. Furthest. —
Fur'tkest (-thgst), a. Most remote ; farthest.

— adv. At the greatest distance.

Furtive (fQr'tlv), a. Got by theft or stealth ;
sly ; secret ; stealthy. — Fur'tive-ly, adv.

Fu'ry (fu'ry), n. Violent passion ; wrath; rage ;
frenzy ; a turbulent woman ; a virago. — Fu'-
ri-OUS (fu'rT-Qs), a. Raping ; mad ; frantic. —
Fu'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Fu'ri-ous-ness, n.

Furze ( fQrz ), n. A thorny evergreen shrub ;
gorse ; whin.

Fus'COUS (fus'kus), a. Of a dark color ; brown.

Fuse (fuz), v. t. & i. To liquefy by heat ; to dis-
solve ; to melt ; to blend. — Fu'si-ble (fu'zY-b'l),
o. Capable of being melted. — Fu'si-bil'i-ty, n.

— Fu'slon (fu'zhun), n. A melting ; union of
parties, interests, etc.

Fuse (fuz), Fuze, n. A tube filled with combusti-
ble matter, for blasting, discharging a shell, etc.

— Fu-see' (fu-ze'), Fu'sil (fu'zll), n. A flint-
lock musket ; a fuse ; a match for lighting cigars.

— Fu/sil-lade/ (-zll-lad'), n. Simultaneous dis-
charge of firearms. — v. t. To shoot down by a
simultaneous discharge of firearms. — Fu'sil-
eer' (-zTl-er'), Fu'Sll-ier', n. An infantry sol-
dier wearing a bearskin cap like a grenadier's.

Fu-see7 (fu-ze7), n. A conical wheel of a watch or

clock, to equalize the

power of the mainspring.
Fu'sion (fu'zhun), n. See

under Fuse, v. t.
FUSS (fus), n. A tumult ;

bustle. — v. i. [Fussed

(fust) ; Fussing.] To make a bustle or ado ;

to worry ; to be over busy. — Fussry (-y), «•

Disposed to fuss ; buBy about trifles.
Fust (fust), n. A strong, musty smell; musti-

ness. — Fust'y (-J), a. Musty; rank; rancid.

— Fust'i-ness, n.

Fus'tian (tw/chau), n. Coarse twilled cotton
stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc. ; in-
flated writing ; swelling style ; bombast. — a.
Made of f ustiau ; pompous ; turgid ; bombastic.

Fus'tiC (fus'tlk), n. The wood of a West India
tree, used in dyeing yellow.

Fu'tile (f u'tll), a. Useless ; vain ; trifling ; inef-
fectual.— Fu-til'i-ty (fu-tlll-ty), n. Want of
effect; uselessness.

Fut'tock (fut'tfik), n. One of a ship's middle
timbers between the floor and upper timbers,
or of the timbers over the keel which form the
breadth of the ship.

Fu'ture (fu'tur), a. About to be ; liable to be
or come hereafter. — n. Time to come. — Fu-
tu'ri-ty (-tu'iT-t?). n. State of being yet to
come ; the future ; future event.

Fuze (f uzV n. See Fuse, n.

FUZZ (fuz), n. Fine, light particles ; loose, vola-
tile matter. — v. i. To fly oft in small particles.

— Fuzz'y (-J), a. Like or having fuzz.

Fy (fi), inlerj. A word of blame, dislike, disap-
probation, or contempt.

Fyke (flk), n. A long bag net distended by hoops,
into which fish can pass, without being able to
return.

G.

Gab (g5b), n. The mouth ; chatter ; loquacity. —

r. i. [Gabbed (g5bd); Gabbing.] To talk

idly ; to prate.
Gab'ar-diae' (gaVSr-den7), GaVer-dine', n. A

coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly

worn by Jews.
Gab/ble (gaVb'tt, v. i. To talk noisily ; to prate ;

to jabber ; to babble ; to chatter ; to cackle. —

n. Loud unmeaning talk ; rapid sounds, as of

fowls. — Gab/bler, n.
Gatl-OH (ga/bi-iin), n. A hollow cylinder filled

with earth, used as a temporary fortification ;

an openwork sunken frame used in building
dykes, etc., under water.
Ga'ble (ga'b'l), n. Triangular end of a house from

eaves to top. — Ga'ble root Sloping roof which
forms a gable. — Gable window. A window
in a gable, or pointed at the top like a gable.

Gad (K&1), n. Point of a spear or arrow ; goad ;
wedge. — v.i. [Gadded; Gadding.] To rove
idly; to run wild. — Gad'-a-bout' (-a-bout')t
Gad'der, n. — Gad'fly' (gSd'tti'), n. An insect
which stings cattle, and dsposita eggs in their
skin.

Gael (gal), n. sing. & pi. A Celt, or the Celts,
of Scotland or Ireland ; a Sootsh Highlander.

— Gael'iO (^al'Ik), a. Belonging t« the Gael.

— n. The language of the Gael, — a branch of
the Celtic.

Gaff (g5f ), n. A fisherman's barbed spear ; a spar

a, e, i, o, G, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

GAFFER

171

GAMBLE

extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail.
— v. t. [Gaffed (g£ft) ; Gaffing.] To spear
with a galf.
Gai'f er (gaffer), tu An aged rustic.
Gai'fle (gaff '1), n. A spur for a fighting cock.
Gag (gag), v. t. [Gagged vgagd^ ; Gagging.] To
stop the mouth of ; to silence ; to affect with nau-
sea. — v. i. To heave with nausea. — n. Some-
thing thrust into the mouth to hinder speaking ;
phrase introduced offhand into an actor's part.
Gage (eaj), n. A pledge or pawn ; security ; chal-
lenge to combat ; glove, gauntlet, etc., cast on
the ground by the challenger, and taken up by
the accepter of the challenge, —f. /. To bind
by security ; to engage.
Gage (gaj), n. A measure. See Gauge.
Gage (gaj), n. A kind of plum.
Gai'e-ty, Gaily. See under Gat, a.
Gain (gan), n. A notch in a girder or other tim-
ber, to receive the end of a floor beam.
Gain (gan), n. Profit; advantage; benefit; ac-
quisition ; accumulation. — v. I. To obtain ;
to acquire ; to get ; to win ; to earn. — v. i.
[Gained (gand) ; Gaining.] To grow rich ; to
advance. — Gain'er, n. — Gain'fnl (-ful), a.
Profitable ; advantageous ; lucrative. — Gain'-
less, a. Unprofitable ; useless.
Gain' say' (gan' sa' or gan'sa'), v. t. [Gainsaid
(-sed' or -sad'); Gainsaying.] To contradict;
to controvert ; to dispute. — Gain'Say'er, n.
Gair'ish (garish), a. See under Garish, a.
Gait (gat), n. Walk ; way ; manner of stepping.
Gai'ter (ga'ter), n. A cloth or leather covering
for the ankle ; a kind of shoe, covering the ankle.
Ga'la (ga'la), n. Pomp; festivity— Gala day.

A day of festivity ; a holiday.
Gal'ax-y (gSl'Xks-y), n. The belt of stars called
also the Milky Way ; an assemblage of splendid
persons or things.
Gale (gal), n. A strong wind ; state of excitement,

hilarity, or passion. — v. i. To sail fast.
Ga-le'na (ga-le'na), n. Lead sulphide, the prin-
cipal ore of lead.
Gall (gal;, n. A bitter, alkaline, viscid liquid
found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver ;
bitterness ; malignity ; impudence.
Gall (gal), n. A vegetable excrescence produced
by insects in bark or leaves of a plant. — v. t.
[Galled (gald) ; Galling.] To impregnate
with a decoction of gallnuts. — Gall'nut', n.
A round gall on certain oaks, yielding tannin,
and used medicinally, as dyes, etc. — Gallic
(gSl'lik), a. Pertaining to, or derived from,
nutgalls, etc. — Gallic acid. An acid found
in galls, tea, etc., and produced from tannin.
Gall (gal), v. t. To fret and wear away by fric-
tion ; to chafe ; to vex ; to annoy. — n. A wound
made in the skin by rubbing. — Gall'ing, a.
Irritating ; vexatious.
Gal'lant (gallant), a. Showy ; splendid ; gay ;
noble in bearing ; heroic ; brave. — Gal'lant-ly,
adv. — Gal'lant-ry, Gal'lant-ness, n.
Gal-lant' (gal-lanf ), a. Polite and attentive to
ladies ; chivalrous. — n. A courtly or fashion-
able man ; one attentive to ladies ; a lover ; a
suitor ; a seducer, —v. t. To attend or wait on
(a lady). — Gal-lantly, adv. — Gal'lant-ry, n.
Attention to ladies ; seduction ; intrigue.
Galle-on (gaTle-un), n. A large Spanish ship of

the 15th century.
Galler-y (g&l'ler-^ ), n. A covered walk; a

corridor ; an overhead platform along the sides
of a church, theater, etc. ; a room for exhibi-
tion of works of art ; a collection of paintings,
sculpture, etc.
Gal'ley (gSlly), n. ; pi. Galleys (-Hz). A low,

Galley.

flat-built vessel, navigated with sails and oars ;
a light open boat ; a ship's caboose or kitchen
of a ship ; a printer's tray for holding type. —
Galley slave. One condemned for crime to
work at the oar on a galley.

Gallic (gSl'lTk), a. See under Gall, vegetable
excrescence.

Gal'lic (gSl'lik), Galli-Can (-lT-kcm), a. Pertain-
ing to Gaul or France ; French. — Gal'li-Can-
ism (-Tz'm), n. Principles of French Roman
Catholics who prefer the national church to
papal authority. — Gal'li-Cism (gSllT-siz'm), n.
A French idiom. — Gal'ii-cize (-siz), v. t. To
conform to the French mode or idiom.

Gal'li-gas'kins (gSl'lT-gas'klnz), n. pi. Large,
open hose or trousers; leather guards for the
legs.

Gal'li-na'ceous (gal'lT-na'shus), a. Resembling
domestic fowls or pheasants.

Galli-nip'per (gaYlT-nTp'per), n. A large mos-
quito.

Gal'li-pot (gal1T-p5t), n. An apothecary's glazed
earthern pot.

Gallon (gSllun), n. A measure of four quarts.

Gal-loon' (gSl-lobn'), n. A fcapelike fabric for bind-
ing clothes, shoes, etc.

Gallop (gal'lup), v. i. [Galloped (-lupt); Gal-
loping.] To run with leaps, as a horse ; to move
rapidly, — v. t. To cause (a horse) to run rap-
idly. — n. A running by leaps.

GallOWS (gSl'lus or -loz), n. A frame on which
criminals are hanged, machinery suspended, etc.

Ga-lOChe7 (ga-losh'), Ga-lOShe', n. An overshoe.

Gal-van'iC (g31-vanTk), a. Pertaining to galva-
nism ; employing or producing electrical cur-
rents.— Gal'va-nism (gSl'va-niz'm), 77. Elec-
tricity developed by chemical action of certain
liquids and metuls ; dynamical electricity ; the
science of galvanic electricity. — Gal'va-nist, n.
One versed in galvanism. — Gal'va-nize (-niz),
v- t. To effect with galvanism ; to plate or
coat with metal, also to restore (an inanimate
person) to consciousness, by galvanic action. —
Galvanized iron. Iron coated with zinc.

Gamtit (gSm'blt), n. A mode of opening the
game of chess.

Gam'ble (gam'b'l), v. i. [Gambled (gam'b'ld) ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, lull, urn, food, toot, out, oil, ciiair, go, sing, ink, tuen, thin.

GAMBLER

172

GARROTE

Gambling.] To play for money. — «.. t. To lose
by gaming. — Gambler (gani'bler), n.

Gam-boge' (gani-booj' or -boj'), n. A reddish-
yellow gum resin, used as a pigment and as a
cathartic medicine.

Gam'bol (gani'bol), n. A leaping in frolic ; skip ;
hop ; prank. — v. i. [Gamboled (-bold) ; Gam-
boling.] To dance ; to skip about ; to frisk.

Gam'brel (gani'brel), n. The hind leg of a horse ;
a stick crooked like a horse's
leg, used by butchers for hang-
ing meat. — Gambrel root A
hipped roof ; curb roof.

Game (gam), n. A sport of any
kind; frolic ; contrivance to
furnish amusement ; animals
pursued by sportsmen; plan; _
project. - a. Ready to fight \ Gambr*l Roof,
courageous ; resolute ; pertaining to animals
hunted for game. — v. i. [Gamed (gamd) ;
Gaming.] To play at any sport or for a stake
or prize ; to gamble. — Game'ster (-ster), n. A
gambler. — Game'soine (-sum), a. Gay ; sport-
ive. — Game'cock, n. A cock bred to fight.

HGam'in (gam'In; F. ga/maN'), n. A neglected
city boy ; a street Arab.

Gam'mer (gam'mer), n. An old wife.

Gam'mon (gam'mun), n. A thigh of a hog,
smoked. — v. t. To salt and dry ; to make
bacon of.

Gam'mon (gam'rnun), n. Backgammon ; an impo-
sition or hoax ; humbug. — v. t. To impose
upon ; to hoax ; to beat in the game of back-
gammon.

Gam'mon (gam'rnun), v. t. To fasten (a bow-
sprit) to the stem of a ship.

Gam'Ut (gam'Qt), n. The scale of musical notes.

Gan'der (gan'der), n. The male of the goose.

Gang (gang), n. A number going in company ;
crew ; squad ; set of similar instruments, to work
together. — Gang board or plank. A board
used as a bridge to enter a ship.

Gan'gll-on (gan'gli-on), n. A collection of nerve
cells ; a lymphatic gland ; an indolent tumor
situated on a tendon.

Gan'grene (gan'gren), n. Mortification of living
flesh. — v. t. & i. [Gangrened (-grend) ; Gan-
grening.] To mortify. — Gan'gre-nous (-gre-
niis), a. Mortified ; putrified.

Gangue (g5ng), n. Mineral substance inclosing
ore in the vein.

Gang'way' (gahg'wa7), n. A passage or way, into
a ship or inclosed place.

Gan'net (gSn'ngt), n. A sea fowl allied to the
pelican.

Common Gannett

Gant'let (gant'let), n. A military punishment in
which two lines of men struck the offender as
he passed between them.

Gant'let, n. See Gauntlet, a glove.

Gaol (jal), n. A jail.

Gap (gap), n. An opening ; a breach. — v. t. To
breach ; to notch.

Gape (gap; in Eng. pron. gap), v. t. [Gaped
(gapt or gapt) ; Gaping.] To open the mouth
wide ; to gaze ; to stare ; to yawn. — n. Act of
gaping ; width of the opened mouth.

Gar (gar), n. A slender fish of the Pike kind.

Ga'rage/ (ga/razh'), n. A place where motor ve-
hicles are housed and cared for.

Garb (garb), n. Dress ; appearance. — v. t. To
clothe ; to habit.

Gar'bage (gar'baj), n. Offal; refuse.

Gar'ble (gar'b'l) , v. t. To pick out parts fitted to
serve a purpose ; to mutilate. — Gar'bler, n.

Gar'den (gar'd'n), n. A place for cultivating
plants, fruits, flowers, or vegetables ; well cul-
tivated tract of country. — v. i. To cultivate a
garden. — Gar'den-er (er), n. — Gar'den-ing,
n. Act of cultivating gardens; horticulture.

Gar'get (gar'gSt), n. Inflammation in cows' ud-
ders; distemper in hogs; a plant known Aspofce.

Gar'gle (gar'g'l), v. t. To wash or rinse (the
mouth or throat). — n. A liquid for washing
the mouth and throat.

Gar'goyle (gar'goil), n. A grotesquely carved
waterspout, project-
ing from a wall.

Gar'ish(ga-r'Tsh),a.
Showy; ostenta-
tious ; gaudy. —
Gar'ish-ly, adv. —
Gar'lsh-ness, n.

Gar'land gar'tond ),
n. A wreath of flow-
ers. — v. t. To crown.

Gar'lic (giir'lTk), n. A bulbous plant of very
strong smell and pungent taste.

Gar'ment (gar^ment), n. An article of clothing.

Gar'ner (gaVner), n. A granary ; a place where
grain is stored, —v. t. To store in a granary.

Gar'net (gar'net), n. A mineral or gem, often of
deep red color.

Gar'net (gar'ngt), n. A tackle for hoisting cargo
into and out of ships.

Gar'nish (g'ar'msh), v. t. [Garnished (-nlsht);
Garnishing.] To adorn ; to embellish ; to warn
(a person holding property seizable for debt). —
n. A decoration ; an ornament round a dish.
— Gar'nish-ee' (gaVnTsh-e'), n. One held lia-
ble for money due to a third person. — v. t. To
make (a person) a garnishee ; to attach (a debt-
or's property in another's hands). — Gar'nlsh-
ment (gar'msh-nient), «. Ornament; decora-
tion ; legal notice to give information to a court
of law ; warning to one holding attached prop-
erty, to account for it in court. — Gar'ni-ture
(-nT-tur), n. Embellishment ; furniture ; dress.

Gar'ret (gXr'rgt), n. That part of a house next
under the roof ; attic. — GarTet-eer' (-er'), n.
An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor author.

Gar'ri-SOn (gXr'rT-s'n), n. A body of' troops in a
fort. — v. t. [Garrisoned (-s'nd} ; Garrison-
ing.] To place troops in (a fortress) for defense ;
to defend by fortresses manned with troops.

Gar-rote' (gSr-rof), n. A Spanish mode of
execution by strangulation ; an instrument for

Gargoyle.

U, e> I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Sveut, idea, fcbey, (mite, care, arm, ask, all, t.nal,

GARROTER

173

GEM

Inflicting this punishment. — v. t. [Gabboted ;
Gabboting.] To strangle with the garrote ; to I
throttle and rob. — Gar-rot'er, to.

Gar'ru-lOUS (gSr'ru-lus), a. Given to long, prosy
talk, with excessive detail ; loquacious. — Gar-
ruli-ty (-ru/lT-t^), to. Talkativeness ; loquacity.

Oai'ter (gar'ter), n. A band to hold up a stock-
ing. — v. t. [Gabteeed (-terd); Gabtebing.]
To fix (a stocking) in place with a garter.

Gas (gas), to. An aeriform elastic fluid ; a mixture
of particular gases for illuminating purposes. —
Gas'sy (-sy), a. Full of or like gas ; boastful. I
— Gas'-DUm/er, to. The part of a gas fixture
where gas is burned as it escapes from the
pipe. — Gas Coal. Coal rich in volatile mat- j
ters, and suited for manufacture of illumina-
ting gas. — Gas fixture. A device for convey-
ing gas from the pipe to the burner. — Gas
meter. An instrument recording the consump-
tion of gas. — Gas Stove. A stove in which pas
is used as fuel. — Gas well. A well of natural
gas. — Gas works. A manufactory of gas. — '
Gas'e-OUS (gas'e-us or g5z'-). a. In the form of
gas; without substance. — Gas'i-fy (-fi). v. t.
To convert into gas. — r. i. To become gas.

Gas'con-ade' (gSs'kon-aa'), «. A boasting ; vaunt ; I
bravado.-— v. i. To boast; to brag; to bluster. I

Gash (gash), r. t. To make a deep cut in (flesh,
etc. ). — n. A deep and long cut.

Gastet (gaVkgt), n. A plaited cord, to lash the
sail, or tie it to the yard when furled ; hemp for
packing a piston ; ring or washer of packing.

Gas'o-line (gSs'6-lTn or -len), Gas'o-lene(-len), to.
A volatile fluid used in gas engines, etc.

Gas-om'e-ter (gSs-om'e-ter or g5z-), n. A reser-
voir for holding and measuring gas.

Gasp (gasp), v. i. [Gasped (gaspt) ; Gasping.]
To labor for breath ; to pant. — 9. t. To emit
with gaspings. — ?;. A labored respiration ;
a painful catching of the breath.

Gas'sy, a. See under GAs, n.

Gas'trlc (gaVtiTk), a. Belonging to the stomach.

Gas-tril'O-quy (g5s-tril'o-kwy), to. A voice which
appears to proceed from the stomach. — Gas-
tril'o-quist (-kwist), n. One who appears to
speak trom his stomach ; a ventriloquist.

II Gas- tri 'tis (gas-tri'tls), n. Inflammation of the
stomach.

Gas-tron'o-my (g5s-tron'o-m£), to. Art or sci-
ence of good eating; epicurism. — Gas ' tro -
nome (saVtro-nom), Gas-tron'o-mer (gas-tr5n'-
6-mer), Gas-tron/O-mist (-mist), to. One fond
of good living ; an epicure. — Gas/tTO-nom'iC
(gaVtro-n5m'Ik), Gas tro-nom'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to gastronomy.

Gate (gat), to. A passageway in a wall ; a frame
of timber, etc., which closes a passage; a
frame stopping passage of water through a dam
or lock ; a means of entrance. — Gate'way'
(gat'wa7), to. A passage through a fence or
wall ; a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate is hung.

Gath'er (g5th>er), v. t. & i. [Gathebed (-erd) ;
Gathep.ing.] To collect ; to congregate ; to
assemble ; to infer. — to. A plait or fold in
cloth. — Gath'er-er (-er-er), to. — Gath'er-ing,
to. A collection ; assembly ; tumor ; abscess.

!!Gauche_ (gosh), «. Left; clumsy. — |[Gauche/-
rie' (gosh're'), n. Awkwardness ; boorishness.

Gaud (crad), n. A bit of worthless finery ; a
trinket. — Gaud'y (gad>y), a. Ostentatiously
fine. — Gaud'i-ly, adv. — Gaud'i-ness. n.

*

Joiner's
Gauge.

Gauge (gaj), v. t. [Gauged (gajd); Gauging
(ga'jlng).] To measure the contents
or capacity of ; to estimate. — n. A
measure ; a standard. — Gau'ger, n.

Gaunt (gant), a. Lean ; meager ; grim.

Gauntlet (gantlgt), to. A long glove
to protect the hand.

Gauze (gaz), to. A very thin, transpar-
ent stuff, of silk or linen, also of
woven wire. — Gauze, Gauz'y (gaz'y),
a. Thin ; slight ; unsubstantial. -
Gauz'i-ness, to.

Gave (gav), imp. of Give.

Gav'el (gav'el), n. A small heap of
grain, not tied up.

Gav'el (gaVel), n. The mallet of a presiding of-
ficer, also that of a stonemason.

Ga'vl-al (ga'vl-al), to. A large Asiatic crocodile ;
the nako.

Gawk (gak), to. A cuckoo ; a simpleton ; a booby.
—V. i. To act like a gawky. — Gawk'y (gak'y),
a. Foolish and awkward ; clumsy ; clownish.

— to. An awkward or a stupid fellow.

Gay (ga), a. Merry ; gleeful ; lively ; sprightly ;
fine; showy; lewd. — Gaily, Gayly, adv.—
Gai'e-ty, Gay'e-ty (-e-ty), to. Liveliness; ani-
mation ; vivacity ; glee.

Gaze (gaz), v. i. [Gazed (gazd) ; Gazing (ga'-
zing).] To look intently; to gape; to stare.

— to. A fixed, eager, or wondering look. —
Gaz'er, to. — Gaz'ing-stock' (-stok'), to. An
object of curiosity, contempt, or abhorrence.

Ga-zelle' (ga-zgl'), to. A small, swift, elegantly
formed antelope of Northern Africa.

Ga-zette/ (ga-zgf), to. A newspaper.— v. t. [Ga.
zetted ; Gazetting.] To announce officially.

— Gaz'et-teer' ( gSz ' St - te"r' ), to. A writer o(
news ; a geographical dictionary.

Gear (ger), to. Goods ; dress ; a toothed wheel iq
a machine; gearing, — 1\ t. [Geabed (gerd)^
Geabing.] To dress; to put on gear; to har.
ness. — Gear'ing, n. Harness ; parts of a ma.
chine which transmit motion.

Geck'O (gek'6), n. A small, nocturnal, carniv^
orous lizard, able to run on walls and ceilings.

Gee (je), v. i. [Geed (jed) ; Geetno
(je'Tng).] To turn (horses or oxen)
to the off side, or from the driver.

Gel'a-tin (jel'a-tTn), Gel'a-tine, to. An-
imal jelly ; a substance formed by
boiling tendons, bones, etc., and used in mak-
ing isinglass, glue, etc., as food, in photoeTa-
phy, etc. — Ge-lat'i-nate (je-12tf-nat), Ge-lat'-
i-nize (-niz), v. t. & i. To make into, or be-
come, gelatin. — Ge-lat'i-na'tion (-na'shun), to.
Act or process of gelatinatine. — Ge-lat'i-nous
(-nus), a. Of the nature of gelatin ; viscous.

Geld (ggld), v. t. [Gelded (gelrt'ed) or Geet
(gelt) ; Gelding.] To emasculate ; to expurgate.
— Geld'ing.TO.

Gel'id (jgl'Td), a. Very cold.

Gem (jem), n. A bud ; precious stone ; jewel.—

Wrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin,

GEMMY

174

GEODE

V. t. [Gemmed (jSmd) ; Gemming.] To adorn or
embellish, as with gems. — Gem'my (jem'niy),
a. Like gems ; bright ; sparkling.

HGem'i-ni (jeui'T-ni), n. pi. The Twins, a constel-
lation containing two bright stars, Castor and
Pollux ; third sign of the zodiac, which the sun
enters about May 25.

Gem'mate (gem'mat), a. Having, or reproducing
by, buds. — Gem-ma'tion (jem-ina'shun), n.
The formation of a new individual (animal or
vegetable) by budding ; the arrangement of buds
on the stalk ; the period when buds expand.

flGen/darme/ (zhaN'darm'), n. A French armed
policeman.

Gen'der (jSn'der), n. Classification of nouns ac-
cording to sex. — v. t. [Gendered (-derd) ;
Gendering.] To beget ; to engender.

Gen'e-al'O-gy (jen'e-al'6-jy), n. History of de-
scent from an ancestor ; pedigree ; lineage. —
Gen'e-al'O-gist (-jist), n. A student of gene-
alogy. — Gen'e-a-log'ic-al (-a-loyi-kal), a. Per-
taining to genealogy.

Gen'e-ra (jeu'e-ra), »., pi. of Genus.

Gen'er-al (jSu'er-al), a. Relating to a genus or
kind ; common ; comprehensive ; universal. —
n. The whole ; total ; commander of an army.

— Gen'er-al-ly, adv. In general ; commonly ;
upon the whole. — Gen'er-al-ness, n. — Gen'er-
al-is'si-mo (-Ts'sT-mS), n. Commander in chief.

— Gen'er-al'i-ty (-al'I-t£), n. State of being
general ; a general or vague statement or
phrase ; main body ; bulk ; greatest part. —
Gen'er-al-ize (-al-Iz), v. t. To state or view
generally or comprehensively. — Gen'er-al-i-
Za'tion (-I-za'-shun), n. Act of generalizing ;
a general statement. — Gen'er-al-Ship, n. The
office or functions of a general; military skill
and conduct.

Gen'er-ate (jSn'er-at), v. t. To beget ; to produce ;
to cause. — Gen'er-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — Gen/er-
a'tion (-a'shun), n. A generating ; production ;
formation ; offspring ; mass of beings living at
one period; average lifetime of man, or one
third of a century. — Gen'er-a-tive (jen'er-a-
tlv), a. Able to produce or propagate.

Ge-ner'ic (je-ner'Ik), Ge-ner'ic-al (-t-kol), a.
Pertaining to a genus or kind ; very compre-
hensive. — Ge-ner'ic-al-ly, adv.

Gen'er-ous (jen'er-us), a. Liberal ; magnan-
imous ; bountiful. — Gen ' er - ous-ly, adv. —
Gen'er-OS'i-ty (-5sT-ty), n. Quality of being
generous ; nobleness ; liberality ; munificence.

Gen'e-Sis (j6n'e-sls), n. Act of producing ; ori-
gin ; the first book of the Old Testament, which
relates the creation of the world.

Gen/et (jen'gt), n. A small Spanish horse ; jennet.

Gen'et (jSn'St or je"-neV), n. A carnivorous ani-
mal, allied to the civet ; also, its fur.

Ge-net'ic (je-nStTk), Ge-net'ic-al (-T-kal), a.

Pertaining to the genesis, or production and de-
velopment, of anything. — Ge-net'ic-al-ly, adv.

Gen'ial (jen'yal or je'uT-al), a. Contributing to
production ; cheerful ; sympathetic. — Ge ni-
al'i-ty (je/ni-Sl'I-ty or jen-yal'I-t?), n.

llG^nie' (F. zha'ne' ; E. je'uj'), n. See Genius.

Gen'i-tal (jen'I-tal), a. Pertaining to generation.

Gen'i-ting (jen/i-tlng), n. A kind of apple that
ripens very early.

Gen'i-tive (jSn'T-tiv), a. Pertaining to a case in
the declension of nouns, expressing source or
relation. — n. The possessive case.

Gen'i-tor (jSuT-tSr), n. One who procreates;
a sire ; a father.

Gen'iUS (jen'yus), n. A good or evil spirit or de-
mon, anciently believed to shape a man's des-
tiny ; each person's natural structure of mind ;
special taste or disposition ; mental superiority ;
power of invention or origination of any kind ;
vigor of mind ; talent.

Gen-teel' (jen-tel'), a. Polished in manners ; well-
bred ; polite ; refined ; elegant ; fashionable. —
Gen-teel'ly, adv. — Gen-teel'ness, Gen-til'i-ty
(-til'I-ty), n.

Gen'tian (jen'shan or -shT-an), n. A flowering
plant, with a bitter
root used medici-
nally.

Gen'tile (jen'til), n.
One of a non-Jew-
ish race ; one nei-
ther Jew nor Chris-
tian ; a heathen. —
a. Belonging to
pagan or heathen
people, — denoting
a race or country.

Gen'tle (jen't'l), a.
[Gentler ( - tier ) ;
Gentlest (-tlest).]
Well-born ; of good
family or respecta-
ble birth; refined in manners; placid; quiet;
peaceful; tame; docile.— Gen'tly, adv. —
Gen'tle-ness, n. — Gen-til'i-ty (-tll'T-ty), n.
Good birth ; demeanor of well-born persons as
to self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, etc. ;
good breeding. — Gen'tle-f oik (-f ok), Gen'tle-
folks (-foks), n. pi. Persons of good breeding
and family. — Gen'tle-inan (-m^rn), n. A man
born of good family; one of refined manners.
— Gen'tle-nian-like', Gen'tle-man-ly (-1J), a.
Polite ; refined. — Gen'tle- worn' an (-wdora'crn),
n. A woman of good family or good breeding ;
an attendant on a lady of high rank.

Gen'try (jSn'tr^), n. People of good breeding ;
in England, the class between the nobility and
the vulgar.

Gen'U-flec'tion (jen'u-flek'shHn or je'nu-), n. A
bending the knee, as in worship.

Gen'U-ine (jSu'u-Tn), a. Free from adulteration ;
real ; pure ; unalloyed. — Gen'u-ine-ly, adv. —
Gen'u-ine-ness, n.

Ge'nus (je'niis), n. ; pi. Genera fjeVe-ra). A
class embracing many species.

Ge'o-cen'tric ( je'o-sen'trTk), Ge'o-cen'tric-al
(-tn-kal), a. Having the same center as th«
earth.

Ge'ode (je'od), n. A hollow nodule of stone, con-
taining crystals.

Gentian.

3, e, 3, o, G, long | ft, 6, 1, 6, ft, f, short •, sen&te, 6 vent, Idea, 6bey . tlnite, c&re, arm, isk, ftU, final,

GEODESY

175

GILDING

Ge-Od'e-sy (je-oa'e-sy), n. The art of measuring
the earth's surface.

Ge-Og'ra-phy (je-og'ra-f^), n. Science of the
world and its inhabitants ; a description of the
earth. — Ge-Og'ra-pher (-fer), n. One versed in
geography.— Ge'O-graph'ic (je'6-graf 'Tk), Ge 0-
graph/ic-al (-I-kal), a. Pertaining to geogra-
phy.

Ge-ol'O-gy (je-ol'o-jj'), n. Science of the struc-
ture and mineral constitution of the globe. —
Ge-ol'o-ger (-jer), Ge-ol'o-gist (-jTst), n. One
versed in geology. — Ge-oPo-gize (-jlz), v. i. To
study geology. — Ge'0-log'ic (je'o-loj'Ik), Ge-
O-lOg'ic-al (-f-kol), a. Pertaining to geology.

Ge-om'e-try (je-om'e-try), n. Science of quantity
and mensuration. — Ge-om'e-ter (-e-ter), Ge-
om'e-tri'ciail (-oin'e-trtsh'an), n. One skilled
in geometry. — GCO-met'ric (je/o-inet'nk), G&-
O-met'ric-al (-ri-kal), a. Pertaining, or accord-
ing, to geometry. — Ge'o-meVric-al-ly, adv. —
Ge-om/e-trize (-5m'e-triz), v. i. To proceed in
accordance with the principles of geometry.

Geologic (jor'jlk), n. A poem on husbandry.

Ge-Ta'ni-um (je-ra'nT-um), n. A plant having
showy flowers and a pungent odor.

Germ (jerm), n. That which is to develop an
embryo ; source ; origin ; first principle. —
Ger'mi-Cide (jer'ml-sid), a. Destructive to
germs, esp. to living bacterial germs which oc-
casion disease. — n. A preparation for destroy-
ing germs.

Ger'man (jer'man), a. Nearly related ; closely
akin.

Ger'man (jeVman), n. A citizen, also the lan-
guage, of Germany ; a round dance with in-
volved figures, or a party where this dance is
performed. — a. Pertaining to Germany, its
people, or language. — Ger'man-ism (-iz'm),
n. A German idiom. — German Silver, xln
alloy of copper, zinc, and nickel. — German
Steel. A metal made in charcoal forges of bog
iron or sparry carbonate. — German text A
character resembling German type, used for or-
namental headings, etc.

SE^5* 2Tfjts line is in (German Etxt

Germane' (jer-man'), a. Closely allied ; appro-
priate ; relevant.

Ger'mi-nate (jer'mT-nat),r. i. To sprout ; to bud ;
to shoot. — v. t. To cause to sprout. — Ger'mi-
na'tion (-na'shiin), n. A sprouting; time in
which seeds vegetate. — Ger'mi-nal (-mT-nal),
a. Pertaining to a germ. — Ger'mi-nant(-nant),
a. Sprouting ; sending forth buds.

Ges'ture (jgs'tur), n. A motion of body or limbs
expressive of sentiment or passion. — Ges'ture,
Ges-tic'n-late (-tTk'u-lat), v. t. & i. To repre-
sent by gesture ; to act. — Ges-tic'U-la'tor (-la'-
ter), n. — Ges-tic/U-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A
gesticulating ; a gesture. — Ges-tic'U-la-tO-ry
(-la-to-r^), a. Representing by, or belonging to,
gestures.

Get (g8t), v. t. [imp. Got (got), Obs. Gat (gSt) ;
p. p. Got, Obsolescent Gotten (goft'n) ; Get-
ting.] To procure ; to obtain ; to win ; to beget ;
to procreate ; to commit to memory ; to per-
suade. — v. i. To gain ; to become.

Gew'gaw (eu'ga), n. A showy trifle ; a bauble.

Gey'ser (gi'Ber or -zer), n. A boiling spring,
which spouts forth water, mad, etc., in jets.

Ghast'ly (gasfty), a. [Ghastlier ; Ghastliest.]

Gherkin.

Ghost-like ; deathly pale ; shocking ; dreadful.

— adv. In a ghastly manner ; hideously. —
Ghast'li-ness, n.

liGhat (gat), Ghaut, n. In India, a pass through
a mountain ; a chain of mountains ; stairs beside
a river ; a wharf.

Gher'kin (ger'kTn), n. A smali prickly cucum-
ber used for pickling.

Ghost (gost), n. The spirit ;
soul of man ; disembodied
spirit of one deceased ; an
apparition.— Ghost'ly (-ly),
a. Relating to the soul;
not carnal or secular ; spir-
itual ; pertaining to appari-
tions.

Ghoul (gool), n. A demon of
the Persians, supposed to
prey upon human bodies.

Gi/ant (jl'ant), n. A man of extraordinary bulk
and stature.— a. Like a giant; extraordinary
in size, strength, or power. — Gi'ant-ess (-es),
n. A female giant.

Giaour (jour), n. An infidel ; — applied by Turks
to disbelievers in Mahomet.

Gib (gib), n. A piece of wood or metal to hold in
place parts of a machine. — v. t. [Gibbed (gi bd) ;
Gibbing.] To fasten or fit with a gib.

Gil/ber (glt/ber), v. i. [Gibbered (-berd) ; Gib-
bering.] To speak rapidly and inarticulately.

— Gib'ber-ish (-Tsh), n. Rapid and inarticulate
talk; nonsense. —a. Unmeaning.

Gibbet (jib'bgt), n. A kind of gallows ; project-
ing beam of a crane; jib. — v. t. [Gibbeted;
Gibbeting.] To hang on a gibbet; to expose
to infamy.

Gib'bon (gib'bon), n. A long-armed, climbing
Asiatic ape.

GiVbOUS (gTb'bus), a. Protuberant ; convex. —
Glb'bous-ness, Gib-bos'i-ty (-b5s'T-ty), n.

Gibe (jib), v. i. & t. To rail ; to taunt ; to scoff ;
to deride. — n. Scoff ; sneer.

Gib'letS (jTb'lgts), n. pi. Edible parts of a fowl
removed before cooking, as the heart, liver,
gizzard, etc.

Gid'dy (gTd'dy), a. [Giddier; Gidddsst.] Light-
headed ; dizzy ; unstable ; changeable ; thought-
less ; excited. — v. i. To turn rapidly ; to reeL

— v. t. To render unsteady. — Gid'di-ly (-dl-
\f), adv. — Gid'di-ness, n.

Gift (gift), n. A thing given or bestowed ; quality
or endowment ; present ; grant ; bounty ; tal-
ent ; faculty. — v. t. [Gifted ; Gifting.] To
endow with some power or faculty.

Gig (gig), n. A whirling thing ; top ; light, two-
wheeled, one-horse
carriage ; small, light
rowboat.

Gig (gig), n. A spear ;
harpoon. — v. t. & i.
To fish with a gig.

Gi-gan'tic ( jf-gan'tTk),
a. Like a giant ; huge ;
very great or mighty.

Gig'gle (gig'g'l), v. i. To laugh in a silly manner,
with short catches of the breath ; to titter. — ?i.
A titter. — Gig'gler (-gler), n.

Gild (gild), v. t. [Gilded or Gilt (gilt) ; Gild-
ing.] To overlay with gold ; to illuminate ; to
brigiiten ; to give a fair external appearance to.

— Gild'er, n. — Glld'ing, n. The art of over-

fgrn, recent, orb, r^jde, full, urn, food, fobt, out, oil, chair, go, aiug, iuk, then, thin,

GILL

176

GLADSOMELY

laying with gold; gold in leaf, liquid, powder,
etc., ior such application; superficialappearance.

Gill (gil), »• The organ of respiration in fishes ;
a flap below the beak of a bird ; flesh under the
chin ; a comb for dividing flax fiber in spinning.

Gill (jil), n. A measure ; one fourth of a pint.

Gill (jil), n. A sweetheart ; flirting, wanton girl ;
ground ivy ; malt liquor medicated with ground
ivy.

Gil'lie (jill^), Gil'ly, n. A boy ; a manservant ;
a male attendant in the Scottish Highlands.

Gil'ly-flow'er (jil'ly-flou'er), n. A cruciferous
plant called also stock; a purplish red apple.

Gilt (gilt), imp. &p. p. of Gild. — n. Gold laid
on the surface of a thing ; gilding.

Gim'bal (gim'bal), n. A. combination of rings
suspending a compass, etc.,
in a constant position.

Gim/crack7 (jYm'kraVJjn. A
trivial mechanism; a de-
vice ; a toy.

Gim'let (giiu'lgt), n. A small
tool for boring holes.

Gimp ( gimp ),». A narrow Gimbal.

silk, woolen, or cotton edging, for trimming
dresses, etc.

Gin (jin), n. A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled
from rye and barley.

Gill (jin), n. A machine for lifting, hoisting, etc. ;
also, one for separating the seeds from cotton. —
v. t. [Ginned (jind) ; Ginning.] To clear of
seeds by a machine.

Gin'ger (jin'jer), n. A plant of the East and
West Indies, the spicy root of which is used in
cookery and medicine. — Gin ' ger - bread '
(-brgd'), n. Sweet cake flavored with ginger.
— Gingerbread work. Architectural decora-
tion of fantastic or trivial character.

Gtn'ger-ly (jin'jer-ljf), adv. Nicely ; fastidiously ;
daintily.

Ging'nam (ging'am), n. Linen or cotton cloth,
the yarn o f which i s
dyed before it is woven.

Gin'seng (j-in'seng), n. A
plant, and its root used
medicinally by the Chi-

Gip (jYp), v. t. To take
out the entrails of (her-
rings).

Gip'sy, ». & a. See Gyp-

Gi8-rafie'(jT-r5f'),tt. The

camelopard, an African

quadruped, whose very

long fore legs make it

the tallest of animals,

sometimes twenty feet

in height. i_

Gir'an-dole ( jYr'an-dol"), w

n. A chandelier.
Gir'a-sole (jTr'a-sol),

Gir'a-sol, n. A plant,

the heliotrope ; a miner-
al akin to the opal, usu-
ally white or sky blue,

but reddish when turned toward the sun, or

any bright light.
Gird (gerd), n. A stroke of a rod ; a twitch ; a

pang; a sarcastic remark ; a gibe. — r. t. & i.

To mock ; to deride. — Gird'er, n. A satirist.

Giraffe.

Gird (gerd), v. t. [Gikt (gert) or Girded ; Gmr>
ing.] To encircle with a flexible band ; to secure
(clothing) by binding with a cord, bandage,
etc. ; to encircle ; to inclose ; to dress ; to
equip. — Gird'er (-er), n. A principal timber
in a floor, girding or binding the others togeth-
er ; a beam supported at both ends. — Gir'dlfl
(geVd'l), n. That which encircles; a belt; a
circumference. — v. t. To gird ; to inclose ; to
environ ; to make a circular incision through
(the bark and alburnum of a tree) to kill it. —
Gir'dler (-dler), n.

Girl (gerl), n. A female child ; young woman. —
Girl'hood (-hood), n. State or time of being a
girl. — Girl'ish, a. Like a girl ; befitting a girl ;
pertaining to the youth of a woman. — Girl'ish-

ness, n.

Girt (gert), imp. & p. p. of Gird. — v. t. To gird:
to surround. — Girt, Girth (gerth), n. A band
encircling the body or securing a saddle upon
the back of a horse ; a measure round the body,
as at the waist or belly ; the circumference of
anything.

Gist (jlst), n. The main point of a question ; the
pith of a matter.

Give (giv), v . t. & i. [imp. Gave (gav) ; p. p.
Given (giv''n) ; Giving ] To bestow ; to grant ;
to yield ; to allow ; to utter. — Giv'er, n.

GiZ'zard (glz'zerd), n. The muscular stomach
of a fowl, also of some insects, invertebrates,
and mollusks.

GUVbrous (gla'brQs), a. Smooth and shining.

Gla'cial (gla'shal or -shT-al), a. Pertaining to
ice or its action ; icy ; having a glassy appear*
ance. — Gla'ci-ate, v. t. & i. To turn to ice ;
to freeze. — Gla'ci-a'tion (-shY-a'shiin), n. Act
of freezing ; ice. — Gla'cier (gla'sher or glaV-
Y-er), n. A mass of ice formed in the region of

Glacier.

perpetual snow, and moving slowly down moun-
tain slopes or valleys.

Gla'cis (gla'sTs or gla-seV), n. A sloping bank.

Glad (glSd), a. [Gladder ; Gladdest.] Well
contented ; joyous ; pleased ; cheering ; exhila-
rating; animating. — v. t. [Gladded; Glad-
ding.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden.

— Glad'ly, adv. — Glad'ness, n. — Glad'den
(ghld'd'n), v. t. & i. To make or become glad.

— Glad'some (-sum), a. Joyful ; cheerful ;
pleasing. — Glad'some-ly, adv.

a, e, i, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6- u, y, ehort ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

GLADE

177

GLOSS

Glad© ( glad ), n. An open passage through a I
wood ; a cleared space in a forest.

Glad'i-ate (gl5d'T-at), a. Sword-shaped.— Glad'- '
i-a'tOT (-a'ter), n. A sword-player ; a prize-
fighter in ancient Rome, who fought in public
games.— Glad'i-a-to'ri-al (glSd'i-a-to'rl-tfl),
Glad'i-a-to'ri-an (-an), a. Pertaining to gladi-
ators, or to public combats.

Gla-dl/O-lus (gla-di'ci-lus), n. A plant having bulb-
ous roots and gludiate leaves.

Glad'ly, etc. See under Glad, a.

Glair (glSr), n. White of an egg ; a viscous,
transparent substance. — ?-, t. [Glaired (glSrd) ;
Glairing.] To smear. — Glalr'y (-y), a. Slimy.

Glance (glans), n. A sudden shoot of light or
splendor ; quick look ; glimpse ; mineral hav-
ing metallic luster. — v. i. [Glanced (glanst) ;
Glancing (glancing).] To shoot a ray of
light ; to fly off obliquely ; to snatch a momen-
tary view ; to make an incidental reflection ; to
.allude ; to be visible for an instant ; to twinkle.
■■» v. t. To dart suddenly or obliquely.

Gland (gland), n. A fleshy organ of secretion in
animals and plants ; a small prominence ; a cover
of a stuffing box in machinery. — Glan'ders
(glSn'derz), n. A contagious disease of the
glands of the lower jaw of horses, mules, etc. —
Glan-dif'er-OUS (-dTl'er-us), a. Bearing acorns,
or other nuts. — Gland'i-form (glXnd'T-fo"rm),
a. In the shape of a gland or nut. — Glan'du-
lar (glan'du-ler), a. Containing or consisting
of glands. — Glan'dttle (-dul), n. A small gland
or secreting vessel. — Glan'du-lous (-du-lus),
a. Containing, consisting of, pertaining to, or
resembling, glands.

Glare (glar), v. i. To shine with a bright, daz-
zling light ; to look with fierce, piercing eyes ;
to be ostentatiously splendid. — v. t. To shoot
out (dazzling light). — n. Bright light ; splen-
dor ; a fierce look ; glassy surface. — a. Pol-
ished so as to reflect light clearly; smooth;
slippery ; glib. — Glar'ing, a. Clear ; notori-
ous ; open and bold ; barefaced.

Glass (gla3), n. A hard, transparent substance,
formed by fusing sand with alkalies; a thing
made of glass ; a looking-glass ; mirror ; an
hourglass ; the time required to empty a glass of
its sand ; a drinkiug glass ; tumbler ; an optical
glass ; lens ; spy-glass ; barometer ; pi. specta-
cles. — v. 1. [Glassed (srla^t) ; Glassing.] To
cover with glass ; to glaze. — Glass'y (-y), a.
Made of or like glass ; vitreous ; smooth, brit-
tle, or transparent ; dull, lifeless, or lackluster.

— Glass'i-ness, n. — Glass'flil, n. Contents
of a glass. — Glaze (glaz), v. t. To furnish (a
window, picture, etc.) with glass ; to cover with
a glasslike surface ; to render smooth and glossy.

— v. i. To become glazed or glassy. — Glaz'er
(-er), n. One who glazes ; machine or tool for
polishing, smoothing, etc. — Gla'zler (gla'zher),
n. One who sets glass. — Glaz'ing, n. The act
or art of setting glass, polishing, rendering
glossy, etc. ; glass for setting in frames, win-
dows, etc.; glossy substance for overlaying a
surface ; a transparent color in painting.

Glau'COUS (ela'kus), a. Of a sea-green color ;

covered with a fine bloom easily rubbed off, as

that on a plnm or cabbage leaf.
Glaze, Gla'zler, Glaz'lng, etc. See under Glass.
Gleam (glem), k. A shoot of light ; beam ; ray.

— v. i. [Gleamed (glemd) ; Gleaming.] To

dart (rays of light ) ; to glimmer ; to glitter. —
Gleam'y (-y), a. Darting light ; flashing.

Glean (glen), v. t. & i. [Gleaned (glend) ;
Gleaning.] To gather after a reaper ; to col-
lect with minute labor. — Glean'er, n.

Glebe (gleb), n. Turf; soil; land belonging to a
parish church.

Glee (gle), n. Joy ; merriment ; a musical com-
position for three or more voices. — Glee'f ul
(-f ul), a. Merry ; gay.

Gleet (glet), n. A transparent mucous discharge
irom a sore. — v. i. To flow in a thin humor ;
to flow slowly. — Gleet'y (-f), a. Ichorous ;
thin ; limpid.

Glen (glen), n. A secluded, narrow valley ; dale.

Glib (glib), a. [Glibber ; Glibbest.] Slippery ;
smooth ; fluent ; voluble ; ttippaut. — Glib'ly,
adv. — Glib'ness, n.

Glide (gild), v. i. [Glided ; Gliding.] To move
gently ; to flow smoothly.

Glim (glim), n. A light or candle. — Glim'mer
(glTin'mer), v. i. [Glimmered (-merd) ; Glim-
mering.] To give feeble rays of light ; to shine
faintly ; to gleam ; to glitter. — n. A faint
light. — Glim ' mer - ing, n. A glimmer ; a
glimpse ; an inkling.

Glimpse (glims), n. A sudden flash ; short, hur-
ried view. — v. i. To appear by glimpses, —v.
t. To catch a glimpse of ; to see by glimpses.

Glis'ten (glis"n), v. i. [Glistened (-'nd) ; Glis-
tening (-'n-Tng).] To sparkle ; to Bbine with a
mild and fitful luster.

GliS'ter (glis'ter), v. i. [Glistered (-terd) ;
Glistering.] To sparkle ; to glisten.

Glit'ter (glit'ter), v. i. [Glittered (-terd) ;
Glittering.] To sparkle with light ; to gleam ;
to glare. — n. A sparkling light ; brilliancy.

Gloam (giom), v. i. To grow dusk. — Gloam'ing,

n. Twilight ; dusk.

Gloat (glot), v. i. To look steadfastly; to gaze
with malignant satisfaction, passionate desire,
lust, avarice, etc.

Globe (glob), n. A round body ; a ball ; a sphere ;
the earth. — Glo' bate (glo'bat), Glo'ba-ted
(-ba-tS 1), a. Globe-shaped ; spherical. — Glo-
bose' (el6-b5V\ a. Round ; globular, or nearly
so. — Glo-bos'1-ty (-b5s'T-ty), n. Roundness.

— Glo'bons (glo'bus), a. Round ; globose. —
Glob'U-lar (gl5b'u-ler), a. Globe-shaped ; spher-
ical. — GloVnle (-ul), v. A little globe ; a small
spherical particle of matter. — Glob'n-lOUS (-u-
lus), a. Round ; spherical ; orbicular.

Gloom (gloom), n. Partial or total darkness ;
obscurity ; heaviness ; melancholy ; sadness. —
v. i. [Gloomed ( globmd ) ; Glooming.] To
shine obscurely; to appear dismal or gloomy.

— v. t. To render gloomy; to make dismal or
6ullen. — Gloom'y ( gloom'y' ), a. Imperfectly
illuminated ; dim ; dusky ; dismal ; sullen ; mo-
rose ; sad ; downcast : disheartened. — Gloom'-
i-ly, adv. — Gloom'i-ness, n.

Glo'ry (glo'r^), n. Praise ; honor ; grandeur ;
heaven. — v. i. [Gloried (-rid); Glorying.]
To exult ; to rejoice ; to boast ; to be proud of.

— Glo'ri-ons (-rT-iis), a. Splendid; illustrious;
renowned. — Glo ' ri - ons - ly, adv. — Glo'ri-fy
(-rT-fi), v. t. To adore; to extol. — GlO'ri-fi-
ca'tion (-fT-ka'shQn), n. Act of giving glory ;
state of being glorified.

Gloss (gl5s), n. Brightness ; luster from a smooth
surface ; polish ; specious appearance. — v. t.

f$rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

GLOSSY

178

GODSEND

[Glossed (glost) ; Glossing.] To give gloss or
luster to ; to make smooth or shining. — GloSS'y
(glBs'y). a. Smooth ; shining ; lustrous ; plausi-
ble. — Gloss'i-ness, n.

Gloss (gloo), n. An interpretation ; commentary ;
false or specious explanation. — v. t. To render
specious and plausible ; to illustrate ; to explain.
— v. i. To comment ; to make explanatory or
6ly remarks. — GlOS'sa-rist (-sa-rlst), n. A
writer of glosses or of a glossary. — Glos'sa-ry
(-sa-ryl, n. A vocabulary of words requiring
elucidation.

Gloss'y, <t. See under Gloss, brightness.

Glot'tis (gl5t'tls), n. 1 he narrow opening at the
upper part of the larynx, between the vocal
cords.

Glove (gl2v), n. A cover for the hand, with a
separate sheath for each finger. — v. t. [Gloved
(gluvd); Gloving.] To cover with a glove.—
Glov'er, n. One who makes and sells gloves.

Glow (glo), v. i. [Glowed (glod) ; Glowing.]
To shine with intense heat ; to be bright with
animation, blushes, etc. — n. Shining heat ; in-
candescence ; redness ; intern e excitement or
earnestness. — Glow'worm' (-wfirrn'), n. A
coleopterous insect, the wingless female of
which emits, in the nighttime, a shining green
light from the abdomen.

Gloze (gloz), v. i. [Glozed (glozd) ; Glozing.]
To natter ; to wheedle : to misinterpret, — v. t.
To smooth over ; to palliate ; to extenuate. — ».
Flattery ; adulntion.

Glue (glu), n. Hard, brittle gelatin, obtained by
boiling skins, hoofs, etc., of animals, and used
as a cement. — v . t. [Glued (glud) ; Gluing
(gluTng).] To join with glue; to unite. —
Glue'pot' (-r5t/), n. A utensil for melting
glue. — Glu'ey (glu'jf), a.
Viscous ; glutinous.

Glum ( glum ), a. Sullen ;
moody; silent.

Glume (glum), v. The floral
covering of grain or grasses.

Glut (glut), v. t. [Glutted ;
Glutting.] To swallow
greedily ; to gorge ; to fill ;
to satiate; to cloy. — v. i.
To eat to satiety. — n. That
which is swallowed down ;
a full Bupply ; a supply be-
yond sufficiency or to loathing ; a clog ; a wooden
wage used in splitting block*.

Gia'ten (glu'tSn), n. A viscid, tenacious sub-
stance which gives adhesiveness to dough. —
Glu'ti-nous (-nus), a. Viscous ; viscid ; tena-
cious. — Glu'ti-n0US-ness, n. The quality of
glut! ; tenacity.

Glut'ton (glut't'n), n. One who eats voraciously ;
a gormandizer ; a carnivorous mammal ; the
wolverine. — Glut'ton-OUS (-us), a. Belonging
to a glutton or to gluttony ; given to excessive
eating. — Glut'ton-y (y), n. Act or practice
of a glutton ; excess in eating ; voracity.

Glyc'er-in (glTs'er-in), Glyc'er-ine, n. A sweet,
viscid liquid, obtained from fats, and consisting
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Gnarl (narl), v. i. [Gnarled (narld) ; Gnabl-
ing.] To growl ; to murmur ; to snarl.

Gnarl (narn, n. A knot in wood. —Gnarled
(narld), Gnarl'y (n'arl'y), a. Knotty ; full of
knots.

Gluepot.

Gnu.

Gnash (nash), v. 1. & t. [G»Ajhjk> (n&ht);
Gnashing.] To strike (the teeth) together, in
anger or pain.

Gnat (nSt), n. A small blood-sucking fly.

Gnaw (na), v. t. [Gnawed (nad) ; Gnawing.]
To bite, or wear away with the teetli ; to cor-
rode ; to fret away. — v. i. To use the teeth
in biting. — Gnaw'er, n.

Gneiss (nls), n. Crystalline rock, resembling
granite. — Gneis'SOid (nla'soid), a. Having
characteristics of gneiss.

Gnome (uom), n. A fabled dweller in the inner
parts of the earth, and the guaruian of mines,
quarries, etc. ; a dwarf ; a goblin.

Gno'mon (no'mou), n. The style or pin of a sun*
dial.

Gnos'tic (nos'tYk), n. One of a sect of early
Christians, who attempted philosophical ex-
planation of Christianity. — a. Pertaining to
the Gnostics or their
doctrines. — Geos'-
tl-Cism (-ti-siz'n:),
n. Doctrines taught
by the Gnostics.

Gnu (nu), n. A South
African antelope ;
the homed horse.

Go (go), v. i. limp.
Went (w5nt) ; p. p.
Gone (gon); p. pr.
Going.] To \ ass
from one place to another ; to proceed ; to
walk ; to depart ; to die. — v. /. To take (share,
part, etc.). — Go'ing, »• Movement ; depar-
ture ; way of li:e. — Go'-by' (go'bi'), n. Eva-
sion ; neglect. — Go'cart', n. A frame on wheels,
for supporting a child learning to walk.

Goad (god), n. A pointed instrument to urge on
a beast; stimulus.— v. t. To prick; to drive
with a goad ; to stimulate ; to instigate.

Goal(gol), n. Point aimed at in a race; end;
purpoKe.

Goat (got), n. A horned ruminant animal, akin
to the sheep. — Goat'-
ish, a. Like goats;
ra: k. — Goat/ee' (go7-
te'), n. A beard de-
pending from the
chin. — Goat 'herd'
(got'herd'), n. One
who tends gorts.

Gobble (gob'b'l), v. t.

To swallow hastily; Goafs Head,

to eat voraciously. —

v. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a tur-
key. — Gobbler (-bier), n. A greedy eater ; a
turkey cock.

GoVlet (goVlgt), n. A drinking vessel without a
handle.

Goblin (goVlTn), 7i. An evil spirit ; phantom ;
gnome ; elf.

Go'- by', Go'cart', n. See under Go, v.

God (p5d), n. The supreme being, creator of the
universe; Jehovah; a divinity; deity; idol. —
God'dess (-d6s), n. A female god. — Godly
(-ly), a. Reverencing God and Ids laws ; pious ;
devout ; righteous. — God'li-ness (-11 -lie's), n. —
God'less (-18s), a. Acknowledging no God ;
ungodly ; wicked. — God'like' (-Hk'). «• Di-
vine. — Gud'ship (-ship), 7i. Divinity. — God'-
send , 7i. Unexpected piece of good fortune. —

;d ruminant animal, akin

rf1

a, e, I, o, a, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, a, f, short ; senate, 6 vent, idea, 6bey , Onite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

GODHEAD

179

GOURD

God'head (-h5d), n. Deity ; divine nature. —
God'fa'tner (-fa'ther), God'moth'er (-muth'er),
n. A man or woman who becomes sponsor for a
child in baptism. — God'child', God'daugh/ter
(-da/ter), God'SOU' (-sun'), n. One for whom
another has been sponsor at the font. — God'-
speed', n. Success ; prosperous journeying.

Goffer (gBf'fer), v. t. [Goffered (-ferd) ; Gof-
fering.] To plait or flute (lace, etc.).

Gog'gle (g5g'g'l), v. i. To roll the eyes ; to stare.
— (i. Rolling; staring, — n. Staring or af-
fected rolling of the eyes. — Gog'gles (-gl'z),
n. pi. Spectacles.

Go'ing, n. See under Go, v.

Goi'ter (goi'ter), Goi'tre, ». A swelling of the
glands of the throat. — Goi'tered (-terd), Goi/-
tred, Goi'tTOUS (-trik), a. Like or affected
with goiter.

Gold (gold), n. A precious metal of yellow color
and great ductility and malleability ; money ;
wealth ; yellow color. — Gold'en (-'n), a. Made
of, or colored like, gold ; very precious. —
Gold'finch' (finch'), n. A yellow singing
bird. — Gold'rish, n. A small fish, named
from its color, — often domesticated. — Gold
foil, Gold leaf. Gold beaten into a leaf for
gilding, etc. — Gold'smitll' (-smith'), n. One
who manufactures articles of gold.

Gon'do-la (g5n'do-la), n. A pleasure boat, used at

Venice, on the canals ; in the U. S., a flat-bot-
tomed boat, also a long platform car, used to
carry freight. — Gon'dO-lier' (-ler'), n. One
who rows a gondola.

Gone, p. p. of Go.

Gong (g5ng), n. A kind of metal drum.

Gonl-om'e-ter (go'i.i-5ni'e-ter), n. An instru-
ment for measuring solid angles. — Gcni-om'-
e-try (-try), n. Measurement of solid angles.

Good (pd6d), a. [Better (beVter) ; BEST(bgst).]
Having desirable qualities ; kind ; benevolent ;
6uited ; adapted ; skillful ; sufficient ; consider-
able ; complete ; fair ; honorable. — n. That
which possesses desirable qualities ; welfare ;
advantage ; benefit ; pi. commodities ; chattels ;
property. — adv. Well ; equally well ; quite ;
considerably. — Good'ness. n. — Good'ish
(-Tsh), a. Rather good ; fair ; not wholly bad.

— Goodly (-\f), a. Agreeable ; comely ; large.

— Good'li-ness, n. — Good'y-good'y (-gdSd'y),
a. Mawkishly good.— n. Goodness combined
with silliness. — Good'-by' (-bi')% Good' -bye',
n. or inter -j. Farewell. — Good Friday. A fast
in memory of our Savior's suffering. — Good —
na'tured (-na'turd), a. Mild
in temper ; not easily pro-
voked ; kind. — Good Will-
Benevolence ; custom of any
trade or business.

Goose (goos), n. ; pi. Geese
(ges). A web-footed aquatic S>
fowl ; tailor's smoothing iron
a simpleton. Goose,

j Goose'ber-ry ( gobz r - or goos ' bSr - ry" ), n. A
I thorny shrub and its fruit.

Go'pher (go'fer), n. A burrowing animal of sev-
eral kinds, — rat, squirrel, tortoise, and snake.

Gore (gor), n. Blood, esp. when thick or clotted.

— v. t. [Gored (gord) ; Goring.] To pierce ;
to stab. — Gor'y (-y), a. Bloody ; murderous.

Gore (gor), n. A wedge-shaped piece of cloth,
widening a garment at a particular part ; trian-
gular piece of land. — v. t. [Gored (gord);
Goring.] To cut in a triangular form.

Gorge (g&rj), n. The throat ; gullet ; narrow pas-
sage or entrance ; a filling or choking. — v. t.
[Gorged (g6rjd) ; Gorging.] To swallow; to
glut ; to satiate. — v. i. To feed greedily.

Gor'geoUS (gSr'jus), a. Very splendid ; ohowy ;
magnificent. — Gor ' geous-ly, adv. — Gor'-
geous-ness, n.

Gor'get (g8r'j6t), n. Armor defending the throat ;
a surgeon's cutting instrument.

Gor'gon (g6r'g5u), n. A fabled monster, the
sight of which turned the beholder to stone.

Go-ril'la (go-rll'la), n. A large and enormously
strong and fierce
African ape,
closely resem-
bling man.

Gor'mand (gSr'-
mand), n. A
glutton. — Gor'-
mand-ize (-iz), v.

i. & t. To eat
greedily ; to feed
ravenously.

— Gor'mand- 1'-
zer (-I'zer), n.

Gorse (g6rs), n. A
prickly shrub ;
furze ; whin.

Gor'y, a. See un-
der Gore, blood.

Gos'hawk' (goV- 25.^,
hak')» n. Aslen-
der hawk, found
in both he mi- Gorilla,

spheres.

Gos'ling (?5z'lTng), n. A young goose.

Gos'pel (gSs'pSl), n. Glad tidings ; the history
of Jesus Christ and his teachings ; one of the
four narratives of the life of Christ.

Gos'sa-mer (gos'sa-mer), n. A filmy substance,
like cobwebs, floating in the air ; a gauzelike
fabric, or a garment made from it.

Gos'sip (gos'sip), n. A sponsor; idle tattler;
chatter; rumor. — v. i. [Gossiped (-slpt);
Gossdping.] To prate ; to run about and tattle.

Got (g5t), imp. of Get. — Got, Got'ten (-t'n), p.
p. of Get.

Goth (g5th), n. A barbarian. — GotMc (gSth'Tk),
a. Pertaining to the Goths, also to a style of ar-
chitecture with high and sharply-pointed arches,
clustered columns, etc. ; rude; barbarous. — n.
The language of_the Goths.

Gouge (gouj or gooj), n. A chisel, with a grooved
blade, for scooping, etc. ; the act of scooping ;
a cavity; a fraud.— v. t. [Gouged (goujd or
goojd) ; Gouging.] To scoop out with a gouge ;
to cheat.

Gourd (gord or goord), n. A plant and its fleshy
fruit, some kinds of which have a hard outer
rind, used for cups, bottles, etc.

fern, recent, dro, rude, lull, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, this,

GOURMAND

180

GRANDSIRE

Governor.

restraint

Gour'mand (gobr'mand), n.
a glutton.

Gout (gout), n. A drop ; a clot ; painful inflam
mation of the joints. — Gout'y (-y), a. Afflicted |
with, or pertaining to, gout. — Gout'i-ness, n.

I'Gout (goo), n. Taste ; relish.

GoVern (guv'ern), v. t. [Governed (-ernd) ; !
Goveening.] To regulate ; to direct ; to man- '
age ; to require (a nouu or pronoun) to be in a
particular case. — v. i. To exercise authority ;
to have- control. — Gov'ern-or (-er), n. One
who governs; a chief ruler; a
guardian ; an attachment to a
machine or engine, to preserve
uniform motion. — Gov ' em-
ess, n. A woman who governs
or instructs. — Gov'ern-ance
(-ans), n. Government. — Gov'-
ern-a-Dle (-a-b'l), a. Control-
lable ; obedient. — GOV ' era. -
ante7 (-ant/), n. A lady who
has care of young women ; gov-
erness. — Gov'ern-ment
(-ment), n. Act of governin
regulation ; administration ; executive power ;
state ; commonwealth ; influence of one word
on the form of another. — Gov'ern-men'tal
(-mSn'tal), a. Pertaining to government.

Gown (gouu), n. The loose upper garment of a
woman, scholar, professional man, etc.

Gowns' man (gounz ' m^n), n. A professional
man ; a student ; a civilian.

Grab (gr5b), v. t. &i. [Grabbed (grXbd) ; Grab-
bing.] To gripe suddenly ; to seize ; to clutch ;
to snatch. — n. Grasp ; snatch. — Grab'ber, n.

Grace (gras), n. Favor ; divine mercy ; inherent
excellence ; beauty ; elegance ; prayer before or
after meat. —v. t. [Graced (grast) ; Gracing.]
To adorn ; to dignify ; to honor. — Graceful
(gras'ful), a. Elegant; easy; agreeable. —
Grace 'ful-ly, adv. — Grace 'ful-ness, n. —
Graceless (-ISs), a. Wanting in grace or ex-
cellence ; depraved ; corrupt. — Grace'less-ly,
adv. — Gra'ciOUS (gra'shus), a. Abounding in
grace or mercy ; kind ; benevolent ; merciful.
Gra'cious-ly, adv. — Gra'cious-ness, n.

Grade (grad), n. A step or degree ; rank ; rate
of ascent or descent. — v. t. To reduce to a
level or to an even slope. — Gra-da'tion (gra-
da'shiin), n. A progressing by regular steps ; de-
gree in an order or series. — Grad'a-tO-ry (gr5d'-
a-to-ry), a. Proceeding step by step ; gradual.

Gra'di-ent (gra'dt-ent), a. Moving by steps ; ris-
ing or descending by regular inclination, — n.
Rate of ascent or descent in a road, etc. ; slop-
ing part of a road ; grade.

Grad'U-al (grSd'u-fll), a. By steps or degrees;
progressive ; slow. — Grad'U-al-ly, adv.

Grad'U-ate (grXd'u-at), v. t. To mark with degrees :
to divide into regular grades or intervals ; to ad-
mit to a certain grade or academical degree ; to
prepare gradually. — v. i. To receive an aca-
demical degree ; to pass by degrees ; to change
gradually. — n. One admitted to an academical
degree. —a. Arranged by successive steps or
degrees ; graduated. — Grad'U-a'tor (-a'ter), n.
— Grad'n-a'tion (-a'.shun), ?>. A graduating;
a dividing into degrees, or other definite parts ;
lines on an instrument to indicate degrees, etc.

Oral (graf), n. A German title of nobility, equiv-
alent to the English earl or French count.

A greedy eater ; | Graft (graft), n. A small shoot or scion of a tree

2

Grafts.

a Cleft Grafting ; b Splice Grafting ; c Whip

Grafting ; e Side Grafting.

inserted in another tree. — V. t. To insert (a
cutting from one tree) in a stem of another ; to
iinplar.t ; to incorporate. — r. i. To insert sci-
ons. — Graft'er, n. — Graft'ing, n. An insert-
ing grafts in plants ; a transplanting portions of
flesh or skin to a denuded surface on the body ;
an endwise attachment of timbers.

Grain (gran), n. A kernel (of corn, wheat, etc.) ;
a small, hard particle ; a small weight, being the
20th of a scruple, in apothecaries' weight, and
the 24th of a pennyweight troy ; the fiber of
wood, etc. ; texture ; pi. remains of malt after
brewing ; any residuum. — v. t. [Grained
(grand) ; Graining.] To granulate ; to paint
in imitation of the grain of wood.— v. i. To
form grains ; to assume granular form.

Gram (grSm), Gramme, n. The unit of weight
in the metric system, being 15.432 grains.

GranVi-na'ceous (graiu/l-na'shus), Gra-min'e-al
(gra-m!n'e-«l), Gra-mln'e-OUS (-us), a. Re-
sembling, or pertaining to, grass ; grassy. —
GrattVi-niv'0-rous (grSm'i-nlVo-rus), a. Feed-
ing on grass and like food.

Gram'mar (grSm'n.er), n. Science of language ;
art of speaking or writing correctly ; treatise
on the principles of language or of any science.
— Gram-ma'ri-an (-ma'rT-<m), n. One versed
in grammar.— Gram-mat'ic-al (-inaVI-kal), a.
Belonging to, or according to, the rules of gram-
mar. — Gram-mat'ic-al-ly, adv.

Gramme (gram), n. See Gram, n.

Gram'pus (grSm'piis), n. A fish akin to the
whale ; the cowfish.

Gran'a-ry (grXn'a-ry), n. A storehouse for grain.

Grand (grSnd), a. Very great ; magnificent ;
principal ; noble. — Grandly, adv. — Grand'-
ness. n. — Grand Juror. One of a grand jury.

— Grand Jury. A jury charged with the duty
of examining into accusations against offenders.

— Grand'child (-child 0, Grand ' daugh ' ter
(-d;i ter), Grand'son' (-sun'), «. Child, daugh-
ter, or son of one's child. — Grand'fa'tber (-far-
ther), Grand'moth er (-muth ei), n. Father
or mother of one's parent. — Grand'sire' (-sir'),

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, ftbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

GRANDEE

181

GREASE

n. Grandfather ; any male ancestor. — Gran-dee'
(graiw.e'), n. A nooleinan ; in Spain, a noble-
man of the iirst rank. — Gran'deur (graii'dur),
n. The quality of bding grand ; suoliinity ; maj-
esty ; stateliness ; magnificence. — Gran-dil'O-
quence (-dil'6-kweus), n. Lofty words ; pom-
posity of speech. — Gran-dil'0-q.uent (-kwent),
a. Pompous ; bombastic. — Gran'di-ose' (gran'-
di-o^), a' Imposing; turgid; bombastic. —
Gran'di-OS'i-ty (-os'T-ty), n. Pomposity.

Grange (granj), n. A granary ; a barn ; a farm,
with its stables, etc. ; an association to promote
farmers' interests. — Gran'ger (grander), n.
Member of a grange.

Gran'ite (graii'it),«. Rock consisting of quartz,
feldspar, and mica. — Gra-nit'ic (gra-nit'ik), a.
Like or consisting of granite.

Gra-niv'o-rous (gra-nlv'6-rus), a. Eating grain
or seeds.

Grant (grant), v. t. To allow ; to yield ; to be-
stow ; to convey ; to admit ; to allow ; to con-
cede. — re. A granting ; thing granted ; gift ;
transfer of property by deed ; appropriation by
the government. — Grant'er (-er), Grant'or
(grant'Cr or gran-t6r'), n. — Gran-tee7 (gran-
ts'), n. One to whom a grant is made.

Gran'ule (gr5u'ul), n. A small grain ; pellet. —
Gran'u-lar (-l3r), Gran'n-la-ry (-la-i-y), a. Con-
sisting or, or like, grains or granules. — Gran'-
u-lar-ly, adv. — Gran'u-late (-lat), v. t. To
form into grains or small masses ; to roughen
on the surface. — v. i. To be formed into grains.

— Gran U-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A forming into
grains. — Gran'U-lOUS (graii'u-lfis), a. Full of
grains or granular substances.

Grape (grap), n. Fruit of the vine ; grapeshot.

— Grap'er-y (-er-y), n. A building lor the cul-
tivation of grapes. — Grape' Shot7 (-shot'), n.
A cluster of iron balls, to be shot from a can-
non. — Grape'stone7 (-ston7), n. A seed of the
grape. — Grape'vine' (-vin'), n. A climbing
shrub which produces grapes.

Graph'iC (gra^'Ik), a. Pertaining to writing;
written ; well described. — Graph'ic-al-ly (-T-
kal-ly), ad".

Graph'ite (graflt), n. Native carbon in crystals,
used for pencils, for crucibles, as a lubrication,
etc. ; — ilso called plumbago or black lead.

Graph'O-phone (graf'6-fon), n. A form of phono-
graph.

Grap'nel (grap'n&'l), n. A small anchor, with
claws ; any instrument de-
signed to grapple or hold .

Grap'ple (grSptyl), v. t. To
seize ; to lay hold of. — v. i.
To use a grapple ; to contend
in close fight. — n. A seizing;
a close hug in contest.

Grasp (grasp), v. t. [Grasped (graspt) ;
ing.] To seize and hold ; to catch. — ti
power of grasping. — Grasp'er (-er), n.

Grass (gras), n. Herbage ; plants which consti-
tute food of cattle. — i;. t. & i. [Grassed
(grast) : Grassing.] To grow over with grass.

— Grass'y (-j?), a. Covered with, or abound-
ing in, grass; gre*m. — Grass'i-ness, n. —
Grass'hop'per (-hSp'per), n. A jumping orthop-
terous insect, which feeds on grass. — Grass'-
plot' (-pl5f), n. A space covered with grass.

Grate (grat), n. A latticework, used in windows
of prisons, etc. ; frame of iron bars for holding

Grapnel.

Grasp-
Gripe ;

burning fuel. — v. t. To furnish with grates or
bars. — Grat'ing, n. A partition formed of bars.

Grate (grat), v. t. & %, To rub roughly or harsh-
ly ; to fret ; to vex. — Grat'er, n. One who, or
that which, grates ; a roughened instrument for
rubbing off particles of a body. — Grat'ing, a.
Harsh ; irritating. — n. A harsh sound.

Grate'ful (grat'iul), a. Having a due sense of
benefits ; affording pleasure ; welcome ; deli-
cious. — Grate'ful-ly, adv. — Grate'f ul-ness, n.

Grat'i-fy (grat'i-h), v. t. To please ; to indulge ;
to humor ; to requite ; to recompense. — Grat'-
1-fi-ca'tion ( -f l-ka'shiin ), n A gratifying or
pleasing ; that which affords pleasure.

Grat'ing, n. See under Grate, n., also v. t. & i.

ilGra'tis (gra'tis), adv. For nothing; freely;
gratuitously.

Grat'i-tnde (grSt'i-tud), n. State of being grate-
ful ; kindness awakened by a favor ; thankful-
ness.

Gra-tu'i-tOttS (gra-tuT-tiis), a. Given without
recompense ; without reason, cause, or proof. —

Gra-tu'1-tous-ly, adv. — Gra-tn'i-ty (-ty), n. A
free gift ; a present ; a donation.

GrafU-late (gr5t'u-lat), v. t. To salute with
declarations of joy ; to congratulate. — Grat'U-
la'tion (-la'shun), n. A gratulating or felicita-
ting. — Grat'U-la-tO-ry ( -u-la-to-ry ), a. Ex-
pressing joy ; congratulatory.

Grave (grav), v. t. [imp. Graved (gravd) ; p. p.
Graven (grav''n), or Graved ; Graving.] To
carve or cut ; to engrave ; to shape by cutting ;
to clean (a ship's bottom) by burning off filth, etc.

— ?i. An excavation in the earth as a place of
burial ; a tomb ; death, or destruction. — Grav'-
er, n. An engraver ; a sculptor ; a tool for cut-
ting ; a burin. — Grave'stone7, n. A stone
marking a grave. — Grave'yard7, n. A burial
place ; a cemetery.

Grave (grav), a. Of weight or importance ; seri-
ous ; solemn ; not acute in sound ; low ; deep.

— Grave'ly, adv. — Grave'ness, Grav'i-ty
(grSv'I-ty), «. — GraVi-tate (-lat), v. i. To
tend toward the center. — GraVi-ta'tion (-ta'-
shun), n. A gravitating ; attraction or force
by which all bodies tend toward each other.

Grav'el (grav'el), n. Small stones ; a disease pro-
duced by small concretions in the kidneys and
bladder, —v. t. [Graveled ; Graveling.] To
cover with gravel ; to stick in the sand ; to
puzzle ; to hurt (the foot of a horse) by gravel
lodged under the shoe. — Grav'el- ly (-ly), a.
Abounding with, or consisting of, gravel.

Grave'stone7, Grave'yard', n. Ses under Grave,
v. t.

Grav'i-tate, Grav'i-ty, etc. See under Grave, a

Gra'vy (gra'v^), n. Juice from cooked meat,
made into a dressing.

Gray (gra), a. Hoary ; white mixed with black ;
old ; mature. — n. Color produced by mixture
of white and black. — Gray'ness, ??. — Gray'-
ish, a. Somewhat gray.— Gray'beard' (-oerd'),
n. An old man.

Gray'hound, n. See Greyhound.

Gray'ling, n. A fish akin to the trout.

Graze (graz), v. t. & i. To feed on grass ; to touch
lightly in passing. — Graz'er (-er), n. — Gra'-
Zier (gra'zher), n. One who pastures or deals
in cattle. — Graz'ing, n. A feeding on grass ;
pasture ; a light touch in passing.

Grease (gres), t?. Soft animal fat ; inflammation

fern, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

GREASE

182

GRIP

of the heels of a horse. — Grease (grez or
gres), v. t. [Greased (grezd or gre^t) ; Greas-
ing.] To smear with grease. — Greas'er, n.
One who or that which greases (machinery,
etc.). — Greas'y (-y), a. Oily ; fat ; unctuous ;
smooth ; affected with the disease called
grease. — Greas'i-ly, adv. — Greas'i-ness, n.

Great (grat), a. Large ; chief ; great ; big ;
pregnant ; numerous ; important ; distinguished.
— Great' ly, adv. — Great' ness, n.

Great' coat' (grat'kof), n. An overcoat.

Great ' - grand ' child ' , - grand ' daugh ' ter ,

— grand'son', n. A child, daughter, or son of
one's granddaughter or grandson. — Greaf-
grand'fa'ther, -grand'moth'er, n. A father or
mother of one's grandparent.

Greaves (grevz), n. pi. Ancient armor for the
legs.

Greaves (grevz), n. pi. The sediment of melted
tallow.

Grebe (greb), n. A marine bird, expert at diving.

Gre'clan (gre'shan), a. & n. Greek. — Gre'Cism
(-siz'm), n. A Greek idiom or peculiarity.

Greed (gred), n. Eager desire; avarice.— Greed'y
(-y),a- [Greedier ; Geeediest.] Having keen
appetite for food or drink ; ravenous ; vora-
cious ; eager to obtain.

Greek (grek), a. Pertaining to Greece ; Grecian.

— n. A native or inhabitant, also the language,
of Greece.

Green (gren), a. Of the color of growing plants,
or a color composed of blue and yellow ; ver-
dant ; new ; recent ; not ripe ; immature in age
or experience ; raw ; awkward ; not seasoned ;
containing natural juices. —re. The color of
growing plants ; grassy plain ; pi. fresh leaves ;
wreaths ; leaves of young plants dressed for
food ; potherbs. — v. t. To make green. —

Greenly, adv. — Green'ness, 7?. — Green'ish,
a. Somewhat green. — Greenback' (-t)Xk'), ??.
A United States legal tender note. — Green'-
backer, n. One who advocates paper money,
and opposes specie payment. [U. S.l — Green'-
gTO'cer, n. A retailer of fresh vegetables or
fruits. — Green'horn' (-liSm'), 7?. A raw youth.

— Green'house' (-hous'), n. A house to pro-
tect tender plants in cold went her. — Green'-
room/ (-room'), n. Retiring room of actors in a
theater. — Green/shank' (-shank'), n. A spe-
cies of snipe. — Green'sward' (-sward'), n.
Turf green with grass.

Greet (gret), V. t. & ?'. To salute ; to hail ; to ad-
dress.— Greet'ing, v. Salutation; compliment.
Gre-ga'ri-ous (grp-ga'rl-fis), cr. Keeping in flocks ;

herding together. — Gre-ga'ri-OUS-ly, adv. —

Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.
Gre-nade' (gre-nad'), n. A hollow shell filled with

powder, and fired by a fuse. — Gren'a-dier'

(grSn'a-deV), n. A soldier peculiarly equipped.
Gren'a-dine' (gren'a-den'), n. Thin silk material

for ladies' dresses, shawls, etc.
Grew (gru), imp. of Grow.
Grey, a. See Gray.
Grey'hound' (gr a'hound' ), n. A slender breed of

dogs, very swift and

keen of sight.
Grid'dle (grTd'd'l), n.

A shallow pan for

baking cakes ; a cov-
er for the top of a

stove ; a 6ieve used

by miners.
Gridiron (grld'l'-

urn), n. A grated'

utensil for broiling.
Grief (gref), n. Pain Greyhound.

of mind ; sorrow ;

sadness.— Grieve (grev), r. t. [Grieved (grevd);

Grieving.} To afflict; to hurt; to try. — v. i.

To feel grief ; to sorrow ; to mourn. — Griev'-

ance (-ans), n. A cause of grief ; wrong done

or suffered ; oppression ; injury ; hardship. —

Griev'OUS (-us), a. Causing grief or sorrow ;

painful ; hard to bear ; heinous ; flagitious ;

full of, or expressing, grief. — Griev'OUS-iy,

adv. — Griev'ons-ness, «.
Grille (grit), n. Offspring of a mulatto woman

and negro man.
Griffin (griffin), Griffon (-fon), n. A fabulous

monster, half lion and

half eagle ; an Oriental

vulture ; an English

early apple.
Grill (grll), v. t.

[Grilled (grlld) ;

Grilling.] To broil.
Grim (grim), a. [Grim-
mer; Grimmest.] Of

a forbidding aspect ;

fierce ; frightful ; stern ; surly. — Grim/ ly, adv.

— Grim'ness, n.

Grimace' (giT-mas'), n. Distortion of the coun-
tenance, to express contempt, disapprobation,
etc. ; a smirk ; a made-up face. — v. i. To make
faces.

Gri-mal'kin (gri-m51'kin), n. An old cat.

Grime (grim),?i. Foul matter ; dirt deeply rubbed
in. — v. I. To sully or soil deeply. — Grim'y
(-$), a. Full of grime ; begrimed ; dirty ; foul.

— Grim'i-ly, adr.

Grin (grin), v. i. [Grinned (grind) ; Grinning.]
To show the teeth in laughter, Bcorn, or pain.

— v. t. To express by grinning. —h. A closing
the teeth and showing them.

Grind (grind), v. t. [Ground: Grinding.] To
rub: to reduce to powder by friction ; to wear
down, polish, or sharpen by friction ; to prepare
for examination by hard study ; to oppress ; to
harass. — Grind'er, n. One who, 01 that which,
grinds ; a molar, or double tooth used in masti-
cating food. — Grind'stone' (-st8nO,n. A circu-
lar stone for grinding and sharpening tools.

Grip (grip), v. A grasp ; a holding last ; that by
which anything is grasped ; a handle ; a device for
holding 'something tightly. — v. t. To give a

Griffin.

a, e, I, u, u, long ; a,, c, I, 5, A, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

GRIPSACK

183

GROWL

grip to ; to grasp ; to gripe. — Grip'sack'

T-sSk'), n. A traveler's satchel ; a handbag.

\Colloq.~\
Gripe (grip), v. t. [Griped (grlpt) ; Griping.] To

seize ; to clutch ; to pinch ; to distress. — v. i.

To hold tightly ; to get money by exactions or

hard bargains ; to surfer sharp pains. — n.

Grasp ; seizure ; handle ; exaction ; distress ;

pain in the intestines.
UGri-Sette' (gre'zat' or grT-zet/), n. A French girl

of the working class ; one kept as a mistress.
Gris'ly (grTs'ly), a. Frightful; horrible. — Gris'-

li-ness, n.
Grist (griht), n. Ground corn ; quantity ground

at one time ; provision. — Grist'mill', n. A mill

for grinding grain for customers.
Gris'Ue (gris' '1), n. Elastic tissue which forms

bone in animal bodies ; cartilage. — Gris'tly

(grTs'ly), a. Consisting of, or like, gristle ; car-
tilaginous.
Grit (grit), n. Coarse part of meal ; grain hulled,

or coarsely ground ; sand or gravel ; resolution ;

spunk. [Colloq.'] — v.i. &t. To grind ; to grate.

— Grit'ty (-ty), a. Containing, or consisting
of, grit , resolute ; spunky. — Grit/ti-ness, n.

Griz'zle (grTz'z'l), n. Gray ; a mixture of white
and black. — Griz'zly (grTz'ziy), a. Somewhat
gray. — Grizzly bear. A large and ferocious
bear of Western
North America.

Groan ( gi on ), v.
i. [Groaned
(groini ); Groan-
ing.] To give
forth a low,
moaning sound,
as in pain or
sorrow. — n. A
moaning sound,

— usually ut-
tered in pain,
sometimes in
derision.

Groat (grat or
grot), n. An old
English coin
worth four-
pence.

Groats (gTats or grots), n. pi. Oats or wheat de-
prived of the hulls.

Gro'cer (gro'ser), n. A dealer in tea, sugar, spices,
liquors, etc. — Gro'cer-y ( -y ), n. A grocer's
store : pi. goods sold by grocers.

Grog (grog), n. Mixed spirit and water. — Grog'-
ger-y (-ger-£), Grog'shop' (-sh5r/), n. A place
where spirits are retailed and drunk. — Grog'gy
(-g^), a. Overcome with grog ; tipsy ; reeling.

Grog'ram ( grog ' ram ), Grog'ran (-ran), n. A
coarse stuff made of silk and mohair.

Groin (groin), n. The junction of belly and thigh,
also of intersecting arches. — v. t. To fashion
into groins.

Groom (groom), n. A servant who has charge of
horses ; officer of the English royal household ;
a man recently married ; bridegroom, — v.t. To
tend (a horse). — Grooms'man (groomz'mnn),
n. Attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding.

Groove (grobv), n. A furrow ; a channel ; a long
hollow cut by a tool ; an habitual mode of life ; a
routine. — v. t. [Grooved (groovd) ; Groov-
ing.] To furrow.

Grizzly Bear.

Grosbeak.

Grope (grop), v. i. & t. [Groped (gropt) ; Grop-
ing.] To feel in the dark.

Gros'beak/ (gro^'bekO, n. A singing bird of
the Finch kind, having
a bill very thick at the<
base.

Gross (gros), a. Great ;
bulky ; coarse ; stupid ;
vulgar ; indelicate ; ob-
scene ; impure ; thick ;
dense ; palpable ; en-
tire ; total. — n. The
main body ; bulk;
mass ; number of twelve

dozen. — Gross ' ly, adv. — Gross'ness, n.—
A great gross. Twelve gross ; 144 dozen. —
10 the gross, In gross- In the bulk, or the
whole undivided ; all parts taken together.

Grot (gr5t), Grot'tO (grot'to), n. A cavern ;
cave. — Gro-tesque' (gro-tesk'), a. Like fig-
ures in grottoes ; wildly formed ; faut.istic. —
Gro-tesqnely, adv. — Gro-tesajue'ness, n.

Ground (ground), imp. & p. p. of Grind.

Ground (ground), n. Surface of the earth, also
of a floor or pavement ; land ; estate ; soil ; foun-
dation ; pi. sediment ; dregs ; lees. — v. t. To
lay on the ground ; to found ; to fix or set (on a
foundation) ; to instruct in first principles. —v. i.
To run aground. — Ground floor. Floor of a
house nearest the level of the ground. — Ground
nog. The woodchuck, or American marmot;
the aardvark. — Ground plan. A plan of the
ground floor of a building. — Ground plot
The ground on which a structure stands; the
foundation. — Ground rent Rent paid for
the privilege of building on another's land. —
Groundless, a. Without ground or founda-
tion ; false. — Ground'less-ly, adv. — Ground'-
less-ness, n. — Ground'nutf (-nut/), n. The
peanut ; also, several plants having edible roots.

— Ground'WOrk/ (-u firk'), n. The foundation ;
basis ; essential part ; first principle ; original
reason.

Group (groop), n. Clustery crowd ; assemblage.

— v. t. [Grouped (groopt) ; Grouping.] To
gather or form into a group ; to assemble.

Grouse (grous), n. A wild bird of many species,
highly prized for food.

Grouse.

Grout (grout), 7i. Coarse meal; thick ale; grounds;
dregs; thin, coarse mortar; also, a finer ma-
terial, used in finishing ceilings. — v. t. To fill
up (joints between stones) with grout. — Grout/y
(-f), a. Cross ; sulky ; sullen.

Grove (grov), n. Cluster of trees ; a small wood.

Grov'el (gr5v''l),v.i. [Groveled (-'Id); Grov-
eling.] To creep on the earth ; to be low or
mean. — Grov'el-er, n.

Grow (gro), v. t. & i. [imp. Grew (gru) ; p. p.
Grown (gron) • Growing.] To vegetate ; to in-
crease ; to raise. — Grow'er, n.

Growl (crroul), v. i. & t. [Growled (grould) ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, f6"bt, out, oil, chair, go, Biug, ink, then, thin.

GROWLER

184

GUM TREE

Geowling.] To grumble ; to snarl. — n. The
murmur of a cross dog. — Growl'er (groul'er),
n.

Grown (gron), p. p. of Geow.

Growth (groth), n. The process of growing ; the
gradual increase of bodies -, production; prod-
uct; effect; result.

Grub (grub), v. i. & t. [Geubbed (grubd) ; Grub-
bing.] To dig. —n. A larva of an insect.

— Grub'ber, n.

Grudge (gruj), v. t. [Gbudged (grujd) ; Grudg-
ing.] To part with reluctantly. — v. i. To be
covetous or reluctant. — n. Cherished ill-will ;
envy ; spite. — Grudg'ing-ly, adv.

Gru'el (gru'el), n. Liquid food, made by boiling
meal in water.

Gruff (gruf), a. Stern ; surly ; rugged. — Gruff-
ly, adv. — Gruff'ness, n.

Grum (grum), a. Morose ; glum ; grim ; deep in
the throat ; guttural. — Grum'ly, adv.

Grumble (griiin'b'l), v. i. To murmur with dis-
content ; to growl ; to rumble ; to roar. — v. t.
To utter with grumbling. — Grum'bler, n.

Grume (grum), n. Clotted blood. — Gru'mous

(gru'mus), a. Thick ; clotted.
Grunt (grunt), v. i. To make a guttural noise,

like a hog. — n. Sound of a hog. — Grunt'er, n.
Gryph'on, n. See Griffin.
Gua'ia-cum (gwa'ya-kum), n. A small tree of the

West India islands ; resin of the lignum-vitae or

boxwood, — used in medicine.
Gua'no (gwa'no), n. The excrement of sea fowls,

— used as manure.

Guar'an-tee' (gSr'an-te7), n. A promise to an-
swer for another's performance of some duty ;
a security. — v. t. To warrant ; to make sure.

— Guar'an-tor' (gar'an-tSr'), n. One who makes
or gives a guaranty; a surety. — Guar' an -ty
( -ty ), n. An undertaking to answer for the
payment of debt or performance of duty by an-
other. — v. t. [Guarantied (-tid) ; Guaranty-
ing.] To undertake the performance of (duty)
by another ; to indemnify ; to save harmless.

Guard (g'ard), v. t. To protect from danger ; to
watch; to defend, —v. i. To watch. — n. A
watch ; a defense ; a body of men for protec-
tion ; an escort ; care ; heed. — Guard'ed-ly
(-Sd-iy), adv. In a guarded or cautious manner.

— Guard'ed-ness, n. — Guard'i-an ( -T-an or
-yan), n. One who guards or secures ; one in
charge of the person or property of an infant
or person incapable of managinsr his own affairs.

— a. Guarding; protecting. — Guard'i-an-ship,
n. The office of a guardian.

Gua'va (gwa'va), n. A tropical tree, or its fruit,
used for jelly.

Gu'ber-na-to'rl-al (gu'ber-na-to'rl-al), a. Per-
taining to a gov-
ernor.

Gud'geon (guj'un),
n. A small fresh-
water fish, easily
caught; a person Gudgeon,

easily cheated ; a

pin on which a wheel turns ; an eye to hang a
rudder on.

Guer-ril'la (ger-rYl'la), n. Irregular warfare; a
member of a predatory band.

Guess (g8s), v. t. [Guessed (gSst) ; Guessing.] To
judge of at random ; to think ; t<> reckon. — r. i.
To make a random judgment ; to conjecture. —

A machine for bo-

re. A judgment without sufficient or decisive
evidence. — Guess'er, n.

Guest (gSst), n. A visitor.

Guf-faw' (guf-fa/), n. A loud burst of laughter.

Guide (gid), v. i. To lead ; to direct. — n. One
who directs another in his way ; a conductor ;
a regulator. — Guid'ance (-ons), n. Direction ;
government. — Guid6'post/ (-post'), n. A post
at the fork of a road, to direct travelers in the
way.

Guild (gild), n. An association of men of kin-
dred pursuits.

Guile (gil), n. Craft ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit.

— Guile'ful (-ful), a. Full of guile ; cunning ;
guilty. — Guileless, a. Free from deceit ; art-
less. — Guile'less-ness, n.

Guil'lo-tine' (gll'16-ten'), n.
heading. — v. t. To behead
with the guillotine.

Guilt (gilt), n. Criminality ;
sin.— Guilt'y (-y),a.
Criminal; wicked.—
Guilt'i-ly (-My), adv.-
Guilt'i-ness, n. — Guile-
less, a. Free from guilt ;
innocent ; without experi-
ence. — Guilt'less-ness,n. ,

Guin'ea (glu'e), n. An Eng-
lish gold coin, worth 21
shillings or about $5.

Guin'ea fowl' (gTn'e foul'),
fowl akin to peacocks and turkeys,
from Africa.

Guin'ea pig' (gin'e pig'). A small Brazilian
rodent.

Guise (giz), n. External appearance in manner
or dress ; garb ; behavior ; mien.

Gui-tar' (gT-tar'), n. A stringed instrument of
music, played with the fin-
gers.

Gulch (gulch), n. A ravine ;
a gully.

Gules (gulz), n. & a. Red.

Gulf (gulf), n. An abyss ; a
deep chasm ; a large bay ;
open sea. — Gulf'y (-£). a.
Full of whirlpools or gulfs.

Gull (gul), v. t. To deceive ;
to cheat ; to defraud. — n. A trick ; fraud ; one
easily cheated ; a dupe. — Gul'li-ble (-lT-b'l), a.
Easily gulled. — Gul'li-bil'i-ty (-btl'I-ty), n.
Credulity.

Gull (gul), n. A long-winged, web-footed sea
fowl.

Gul'let (gul'ISt), n. The passage for food in the
throat ; esophagus.

Gul'li-ble, etc. See under Gull, r. t.

Gul'ly (gul'lj), n. ;pl. Gullies (-IT/.). A channel
worn by water ; a gulch. — V. t. [GuLLDSD
(-ltd) ; Gullying.] To wear into gullies.

Gulp (gulp), v. t. [Gulped (grtlpt) ; Gulping.]
To swallow eagerly; to swallow up. — n. A
swallow ; as much as is swallowed at once.

Gum (gum), n. Dense tissues covering the jaws
and investing the teeth. — Gum'boil (-boil), n.
A small abscess on the gum.

Gum (giim), 7). A vegetable secretion which hard-
ens when it exudes, but is soluble in water. —
V. t. To unite or stiffen with gum. — Gum'my
(-nij), a. Like or consisting of gum ; sticky.

— Gum'mi-ness, n. — Gum tree. A large tree

Guillotine.

Guin'ea hen'. A

originally

nged instrument of

a, e, 1, 5, fl, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, ahort ; senate, Svent, tdea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

GUMBO

185

GYVE

of the Southern United States, whose fruit at-
tracts opossuui3 ; the Australian eucalyptus.

Gum'bo (gQin'bo), n. Soup composed of okra,
tomatoes, etc.

Gump (guuip), n. A foolish person ; dolt ; dunce.

Gump'tion (guinp'shun), n. Capacity ; shrewd-
ness.

Gun (gun), n. Any firearm, except the pistol
and mortar, for throwing projectiles by explo-
sion of gunpowder ; a heavy cannon. — v. i. To
hunt small game. — Gull cotton. A highly
explosive substance obtained by soaking cot-
ton, etc., in nitric and sulphuric acids. — Gun
metal. Bronze, composed of copper and tin,
used for cannon, etc. — Gun'ner, ft. One who
works a gun ; cannoneer. — Gun'ner-y, ft. Art
or science of constructing or using guns. —
Gun'ning, ft. Pursuit of game with guns. —
Gun'boat , n. A light vessel, carrying one ox-
more guns. — Gun'pow'der, ft. An explosive
composition of niter, charcoal, and sulphur,
used in gunnery, blasting, etc. — Gun'shut',
n. Reach or range of a gun. — a. Made by the
shot of a gun. — Gun'smith/, ft. One who
makes or repairs small arms ; an armorer. —
Gun'stock', n. The stock in which the barrel
of a firearm is fastened.

Gun'nel (gun'nSl), n. A gunwale ; a little spotted
fish of the Northern Atlantic.

Gun'ny (gun'uy), n. A strong, coarse kind of
sacking.

Gun'wale (gun'wal or gun'nSl), n. The upper
edge of a ship's side.

Gur'gle (gflr'g'l), v. i. [Gurgled (-gl'd) ; Gur-
gling (-glTng).j To flow in a broken, noLy
current, like water from a bottle, —ft. A gush
of liquid.

Gur'nard (gfir'nerd), Gur'net (-nSt), n. A sea-
fish, having a large
and spiny head with
mailed cheeks.

Gush (gush), v. i.
[Gushed (gu^lit) ;
Gushing.] To now co-
piously ; to rush forth Gurnard,
as a fluid from confinement ; to act with sudden
impulse. — n. A violent issue of fluid from an
inclosed place ; fluid thus emitted ; effusive
show of sentiment. — Gush'ing, a. Rushing
forth with violence ; emitting copiously (tears) ;
soft-hearted ; sentimental.

Gus'set (gus'oSt), n. A piece of cloth inserted in
a garment to strengthen or give it shape.

Gust (gust), n. Sense of tasting ; relish ; capac-
ity for enjoyment ; taste. — Gus'to (gus'to), ft.
Nice or keen appreciation ; taste ; fancy. —
Gust'a-tO-ry (gust'a-to-ry), a. Pertaining to
the sense of taste.

Gust (gust), n. A sudden squall ; a burst of pas-
sion. — Gust'y (-f), a. Subject to gusts ; tem-
pestuous.

Gut (gut), ft. The intestinal canal, —v. I. [Gut-
ted ; Gutting.] To take out the bowels from ;
to destroy the interior of.

Gut'ta-per'cha (gut'ta-per'cha), n. Sap from
trees of the Malay archipelago, in many of its
properties resembling caoutchouc.

Gut'ter (giit'ter), ft. A channel for conveying
away water. — v. t. [Guttered (-terd) ; Gut-
tering.] To form into longitudinal hollows or
channels. — v. i. To become channeled.

Gut'tur-al (gfit'tur-«l), a. Pertaining to, or
formed in, the throat. — ?i. A letter pronounced
in the throat.

Guy (gi), ft. A rope or rod attached to anything
to steady it.

Guz'zle (guz'z'l), v. t. & i. [Guzzled (-z'ld) ;
Guzzling (-zlTng).] To swallow much or often.
— n. An insatiable thing or person. — Guz'-
Zler (-zler), ft.

Gybe (jib), v. I. & i. [Gybed (jibd) ; Gybing.]
To shift (the boom) from one side of a vessel to
the other.

Gym-na'sl-um (jTm-na'zT-um), ft. A place for ath-
letic exercises ; school for the higher branches
of literature and science. — Gym/nast (jimr-
nast), ft. One who teaches or practices gym-
nastic exercises. — Gym-nas'tic (-liaVttk), a.
Pertaining to athletic exercises. — Gym-nas'-
tic-al-ly, adv. — Gym-nas'tics (-tlks), n. Art
of performing athletic or disciplinary exercises.

Gyp'sum (jTp'oum), n. A mineral consisting of
sulphate of lime and water, and made into plas-
ter of Paris. — Gyp'se-0US (-se-us), a. Resem-
bling or containing gypsum.

Gyp'sy (jip's^), ft. ; pi. Gypsies (-siz). One of
a vagabond Oriental race, now scattered over
Europe, living by theft, fortune telling, tink-
ering, etc. ; a crafty person. — c. Pertaining
to gypsies.

Gy'ral (jl'rctl), a. Moving
in a circular path or way ;
whirling ; rotatory. —
Gy'rate (-vat), v. i. To
revolve round a central
point ; to move spirally. —
Gy-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n.
A turning or whirling
around ; rotation. — Gy'-
ra-tO-ry ( ji'ra-to-ry ), a.
Moving in a circle, or
spirally. — Gyre (jlr), n.
Circular motion ; a circle
described by a moving
body.

Gyr'fal-con (jer'fa-k'n), ft.
The peregrine falcon.

Gy'ro-SCOpe (ji'ro-skop), ft,
mounted in rings, for illustrating the dynamics
of rotating bodies, etc.

Gyve (jiv), n. A shackle ; a fetter. — v. I. [Gyved
(jlvdj ; Gyving.] To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain.

Gyrfalcon.
A rotating wheel

fern, recent, dro, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cuair, go, eiug, ink, then, tllio.

HA

186

HALF NOTE

H.

Ha (hsl), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy,
or grief.

||Ha'be-as COl'pus (ha'be-5s kSr'pus). [L., you
may have the body.] A writ to produce a pris-
oner before a court or judge.

Hab'er-dash'er (ha'b'er-dSsh'er), n. A dealer in
drapery goods, trimmings, etc. — Hab'er-dash'-
er-y (-er-y), n. Goods sold by a harberdasher.

Ha-bil'i-ment ( ha-bil'i-ment ), n. Dress; gar-
ment ; clothing.

Hab'it (haVIt), n. Ordinary state ; physical tem-
perament; established custom ; dress ; garment.

— v. t. [ Habited ; Habiting. ] To clothe ;
to equip.

Hab'it-a-ble (hXb'it-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
inhabited or dwelt in. — Hab'it-a-ble-ness,
Hab'it-a-bil'i-ty (-a-bTi'T-ty), n. — Eab'it-an-
Cy (-on-sy), n. Same as Inhabitancy. — Hab'-
It-ant (-ant), n. An inhabitant ; dweller ; resi-
dent. — HaVi-tat (-T-tSt), n. Natural abode of
a plant or animal. — Hab'i-ta'tion, n. Place of
abode ; dwelling. — Ha-bit'U-al (ha-bTt'u-crl), a.
Customary ; usual ; common. — Ha-bit'll-al-ly,
adv. — Ha-bit'U-ate (-at), v. t. To accustom;
to familiarize. — Ha-bit'U-a'tion (-a'shun), n.
Act ot habituating ; state of being habituated.

— HaVi-tude (haVi-tud), n. Customary mode
Of living or acting. — HHa'bi'tu'e'' (a'be'tu'a'),
n. Frequenter (of a place named).

Hack (hSk), v. t. [Hacked (hakt); Hacking.]
To cut awkwardly ; to notch ; to mangle. — v. t.
To cougli faintly and often ; to speak with stops
or hesitation. — n. A notch ; cut ; feeble cough.

Hack (l)£k), n. A horse, carriage, etc., let out
for hire ; a man who hires himself out for liter-
ary work ; a drudge. — a. Hackneyed ; hired ;
mercenary.

Hack'ee (hSkl), n. A chipmunk ; a chickaree or
red squirrel.

HaCkle (hSk'k'l), v. t. To comb (flax or hemp) ;
to hatchel. — n. A comb for dressing flax, etc. ;
a flimsy unspun substance.

Hack'ney ( haVny^ ), n. ; pi. Hackneys ( -nfz ).
A horse for riding or driving ; nag ; pony ; horse
kept for hire ; hack ; person worn by drudg-
ery ; a hireling. — a. Let for hire ; common.

— v. t. [Hackneyed (-nid); Hackneying.]
To make trite or commonplace ; to wear out.

Had (hSd), imp. & p. p. of Have.

Had'dock (hM'd8k), n.
A marine food fish, like
the cod.

Haft (haft), n. Handle ;

hilt. Haddock.

Hag (hag), n. An ugly

old woman ; a fury ; a witch. — a. Wild ; wasted
by want or suffering. — Hag'gish (-gish), a.
Ugly ; horrid.

Hag'gis (hSg'gTs), n. A Scotch pudding contain-
ing entrails of :v sheep or lamb.

Hag'gle (hXg'g'l), r. t. To cut into small pieces
or make rough by cutting; to tease; to worry.

— ;•. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to chaffer ;
to higgle. — Hag'gler, v.

Ha'gl-Og'ra-phy (ba'jT-5g'ra-f$''), n. Sacred writ-
ings. — Ha'gi-Og'ra-pher (-ler), n. A sacred

writer. — Ha'gi-ol'o-gy (-ol'6-j^), n. A narra-
tive of the lives ot the saints.

Hah (ha), interj. Exclamation of surprise.

Ha-ha' (ha-ha'), n. A fence or bank sunk so as
not to be seen.

Hail_(hal), n. Frozen rain. — v. t. & i. [Hailed
(bald) ; Hailing.] To pour down in icy parti-
cles. — Hail' Stone' (-ston'), n. A frozen rain-
drop.

Hail (hal), a. Healthy ; sound. See Hale. — ■
interj. An exclamation of salutation. — n. A
wish of health ; salutation. — v. t. To call after
loudly ; to salute ; to name ; to call. — v. i. To
report one's self, as when hailed from another
ship at sea. — Hail'-l eHow (-iel'16), n. An in-
timate companion.

Hair (ha*r), n. A small tubular animal filament ;
a mass of such filaments covering part of the
body ; a very small distance. — Hair'y (-y), a.
Full of, or covered with, hair. — Hair'i-ness,
n. —Hair 'less, a. Wanting hair. — Hair'-
breadth' (-bredth'), Hair's' breadth', n. Di-
ameter or breadth of a hair ; very small distance.
— Hair ' breadth ', a. Very narrow. — Haii'-
brush', n. A brush for smoothing the hair. —
Hair'ciOth', n. Cloth made of hair, or partly
so. — Hair'firess'er, n. One who dresses hair ;
a barber. — Hair'pin', n. A pin used in dress-
ing the hair. — Hair'spring', n. A fine wire
which gives motion to the balance wheel of a
timepiece.

Ha'je (ha'je), n. The Egyptian asp or cobra,
whose bite is deadly.

Haje.

Hal'berd (hol'berd), n. An ancient weapon re-
sembling both spear and axe. — Hal'berd-ier'

- (er'), n. One armed with a halberd.

Hal'cy-on (hXl'sI-5n), n. The kingfisher. — n.
Resembling the halcyon, which is said to lay her
eggs during the calm weather about the winter
solstice ; calm ; peaceful ; happy.

Hale (hal), a. Sound ; healthy ; robust.

Hale (hal or hal), v. t. [Haled (hald or hald) ;
Haling.] To drag ; to haul.

Hall (liaf), n. ; pi. Halves (1 avz). One of two
equal parts of a thing. — a. Consisting of a moi-
ety, or half. — Halfway' (-wi7), adv. At half
the distance ; partially. — a. Equally distant
from the extremes ; midway. — adv. In part,
or in an equal part or degree. — Hall blood.
Relation of persona having only one parent in
common. — Hall measure. A weak line of
action. — Hall note. In music, a minim, half

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HALF-AND-HALF

187

HANG

as long as a whole note. — Half-and-half,
n. A mixture of beer or porter and ale. —
Half-breed' (-bred'), n. One whose parents
are of different races ; esp., the offspring
of Indiana and whites. — Half '- broth ' er
(-briith'er), n. Brotlier by one parent only. —
Half-Caste7 (-ka.it'), v. One born of a Hindoo
and a European. — Half -heart' ed (-ha r fed),
a. Wanting in true affection ; ungenerous ;
illiberal; unkind. — Half-penny (ha'pen-ny' or
hai'-), n. ; pi. Half-pence (-pens). An English
coin worth half a penny, or its value. — Half-
Sls'ter (-sTs'ter), n. Sister by one parent
only. — Halftone (-ton), n. A middle tone in a
painting, engraving, etc. ; a photo-engraving
having such tones. — Half- wit'ted (-wifted),
n Weak in intellect ; silly.

Hal'1-but (h51'T-but), n. A large sea flatfish, hav-
ing a dark back and white belly.

Hall (bai), n. An edifice or a room of stately di-
mensions ; a passageway at the entrance of a
house ; a manor house ; a place of public assem-
bly; a college.

Hal'le-lu'iah (hSl'lMu'va), Hal'le-lu'Jah, n. &
inter j. Pr use ye Jehovah ; — exclamation of
praise to God.

Hal-loo' (h51-lob'), n. Loud exclamation to call
attention or excite effort ; a shout. — v. t. & i.
[Hallooed (-loo 1') ; Hallooing.] To cry out ;
to enco inge : to hail. — interj. Ho, there ! ho !

Hal'low O'Sl'lo-), v. t. [Hallowed (-lod) ; Hal-
lowing.] To make holy ; to consecrate. — Hal'-
low-een' (-en'), n. The evening preceding All
Saints' Day. — Hal'l0W-ma3 (-mSi)) ». Feast
of All Saints', or Allhallows (November 1).

Hal-lu'cl-na'tion (hai-lu'sT-na'shun;, n. Error ;
delusion of the imagination.

Ha'lo (ha'16), n ; pi. Halos (-loz). A luminous
circle round the sun or moon.

Halt (halt), n. A stop in marching ; a limp ; lame-
ness. — v. i. & t. To stop ; to limp. — a. Lame.

Hal'ter (hal'ter), n. A strong strap or cord,
for a horse, for hanging malefactors, etc. —
v. t. [Halteeed (-terd) ; Haltebing.] To put
a halter on.

Halve (hav), v. t. [Halved (havd); Halving.]
To divide into two equal parts. — Halves (havz),
n., pi. of Half.

Hal'yard (hai'yerd), n. A rope or tackle for ad-
justing sails.

Ham (liSm), n. The hind part of the knee ; a
hog's thigh cured.

Ham'a-dry'ad (hatn'a-drl'ad), n. A wood njTnph.

Hames (hamz), n. pi. Curved pieces fitted to a
horse's collar to which traces are attached.

Ham'let (ham'lSt), n. A small village.

Ham'mer (ham'mer), n. An instrument for driv-
ing nails, beating metals, etc. — v. /. & i. [Ham-
mered (-merd) ; Hammering.] To beat or form
with a hammer ; to strike repeatedly. — Ham'-
mer-head' (-h6d'), n. A shark whose eyes are

n. A hanging bed.

set on projections from the side of the head ; an
African fruit-eating bat. '

Ham 'mock (hSm'mok),

Ham/per (ham'per), v.
A covered basket. —
v. t. To put into a
hamper.

Ham'per (ham'per), v.
I. To put a hamper or
fetter on ; to shackle ;
to encumber. —7?. A shackle ; an obstruction.

Ham'string (ham'fctiTiig), n. One of the tendons
of the ham. — i;. t. [Hamstrung; Hamstring-
ing.] To disable by cutting the tendons of the
ham.

Hand (hand), n. Extremity of the arm, with its
fingers ; pointer of a clock, etc. ; measure of
the hand's breadth (4 inches) ; side ; direction ;
agent ; servant ; penmanship. — v. t. To give ;
to deliver ; to lead ; to conduct. — Hand'y (-y),
a. Skillful with the hand ; adroit ; ready to the
hand ; convenient. — Hand'i-ly, adv. — Hand'-
i-ness, n. — Hand bag. A satchel. — Hand
organ. A barrel organ operated by a crank
turned by the hand. — Hand'bill' (-bll'), n. A
loose printed sheet circulated by hand. —
Hand'book' (-book'), n. A book of reference ;
a manual. — Hand'breadth' (-brgdth'), n. Space
equal to the breadth of the hand ; palm. —
Hand'CUff (-ku.'), n. A fastening around the
wrist; manacle. —r. £. To manacle. — Hand'-
ful (-ful), n. ; pi. Handfuls (-fulz). As much
as the hand will contain ; a small quantity or
number. — Hand'made' (-mad'), a. Manufac-
tured by hand, not by machinery. — Hand'-
saw' (-a/), n. A saw used with one hand. —
Hand'spike' (-spik'), n. A bar or lever for
turning a windlass, etc. — Hand'writ'ing (-rif-
Yng), n. The form of writing peculiar to each
person ; chirography ; manuscript.

Hand'1-cap (han'di-kap), n. Allowance of time
or distance to the weaker party in a race ; race
in which such allowance is given. — v. t. To
encumber with a handicap ; to put at a disad-
vantage.

Hand'i-craft (hand'i-kraft), n. Manual occupa-
tion ; work performed by hand. — Hand'i-
crafts'man (-krafts'mon), n. A manufacturer.

Hand'i-ly, etc. See under Hand, n.

Hand'1-work' (h5nd'T-wfirk'), n. Work done by
the hands.

Hand'ker-Chlef (han'ker-chYf), n. A cloth for
wiping the face, etc. ; neckerchief ; neckcloth.

Han'dle (han'd'l), r. t. [Handled (-d'ld) ; Han-
dling (-dling).] To touch; to hold with the
hand ; to manage ; to make familiar by frequent
touching ; to practice ; to treat ; to discuss. —
n. The part of an instrument held in the hand
when used.

Hand'maid' (hand'mad'), Hand'maid-en (-'n), n.
A' female servant or attendant.

Hand organ, etc. ^See under Hand, n.

Hand'some (han'sum), a. Agreeable to the eye ;
attractive ; comely ; graceful ; appropriate ; am-
ple. — Hand'some-ly, adv. — Hand'some-
ness, n.

Han'dy, etc. See under Hand, n.

Hang (h3ng), v. t. [Hanged (hangd) or Hung
(hung) ; Hanging.] To suspend ; to put to
death by suspension by the neck on the gallows.
— V. i. To be suspended ; to dangle ; to depend ;
to impend ; to lean. — n. Manner in which one
tiling depends on another ; arrangement ; plan.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, ryde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

HANGER

188

HARPER

Hangnest.

[Colloq.'] — Hang'er (hangar), n. One who, or
that which, hangs, or by which a thing is sus-
pended ; a short sword ; a pendent bracket sup-
porting shafting. — Hang'ing (-Tug), n. Death
by suspension ; pi. drapery decorating a room. —
Hang'bird' (-berd'), n. The Baltimore oriole,
which suspends its nest from a tree. — Hang'-
dog' (-d5g'), «• A degraded fellow ; a sneak.

— a. Low; sneaking. — Hang'man, n. One
who hangs another ; public executioner. —
Hang'nail' (-nal'), n. A small piece of skin
hanging irom the root of a fingernail ; an agnail.

— Hang'nest' (-nest/), n. A nest that hangs
like a bap ; a hanpbird.

Hailk (hank), n. Parcel
of two or more skeins
tied together.

Han'ker (han'ker), v. i.
To long for ; to crave.

Han'som (han'sum), n..
or Hansom cab. A
low, two-wheeled cov-
ered cab, with the driv-
er's seat elevated be-
hind.

Hap (hSp), n. That
which comes unexpect-
edly ; ch :noe ; fortune ;
fate ; lot. — v. i. To
happen ; to befall. — Hap'haz'ard (hapliaVerd
or hSp'haz'-), n. Extra hazard ; chance ; acci-
dent ; random. — Hap'less (haple's), a. With-
out luck; unhappy. — Hap'ly, adv. By hap,
chance, or accident ; perhaps. — Hap 'pen (-p'n),
v. i. To come by chance ; to fall out ; to occur.

Hap'py (hSp'py), a. [Happier; Happiest.]
Favored by hap. luck, or fortune ; fortunate ;
delighted ; satisfied ; prosperous ; supplying
happiness; favorable. — Hap'pi-ly, adv. —
Hap'pi-ness, n.

fla'ra-ki'ri (ha'ra-ke'rT) , n. A Japanese mode of
suicide by slashing the abdomen ; — incorrectly
written hari-kari.

Ha-rangne' (ha-:ang'), n. A speech to a large
assembly ; popular oration ; declamation ; rant-
ing. — v. i. & t. [Harangued (-rahgd') ; Ha-
ranguing.] To address earnestly or noisily. —
Ha-rang'uer (-er), n.

Har'ass (hSr'as), *'• *• [Harassed (-ast); Har-
assing.] To fatipue to excess; to weary with
importunity or perplexity ; to jade ; to tire ; to
tease ; to disturb. — Har'ass-er, n.

Har'bin-ger (h'ar'bin-jer), n. A forerunner ; pre-
cursor.

Har'bor (har'be'r), n. A place of security and
comfort: asylum ; refuge for ships; port; haven.

— v. t. [Harbored (-berd); Harboring.] To
entertain as a puest ; to shelter. — r. i. To
lodge for a time ; to take shelter. — Har'bor-er,
n. — Har'bor-less, a. Without a harbor.

Hard (hard), a. Not soft ; difficult to penetrate,
to understand, to accomplish, to resist, to bear
or to endure ; solid ; firm ; unyielding ; stub-
born ; stern; cruel; harsh; coarse. — adv.
Close ; nearly : earnestly ; with difficulty ; vig-
orously ; rapidly; violently. — Haid'ly. adv.

— Hard'ness, ». — Hard'en, r. t. & L [Hard-
ened (-'nd) ; Hardening.] To make or become
lnrd. — Hard'ish, a. Somewhat hard. — Hard'-
Ship, n. A thing hard to bear ; toil ; privation ;
injustice.

; Hard'i-hood, etc. See under Hardy, a.

Hard'ish. Hard'ly, Hard'ship, etc. See under
i Hard, a.

Hard'ware' (hard'w&T'), n. Ware made of iron,
etc. ; ironmongery.

Har'dy (har'djr), a. [Hardd3R; Hardiest.]
Bold ; brave ; stout ; robust ; impudent. —
Hard ' i - ly, adv. — Hard'i-ness, Hard'i-hood
(-hood), n. Boldness ; courage ; audacity ; im-
pudence.

Hare (bar), n. A swift, timid rodent, having
long hind legs, short tail,
and divided upper lip. —
Harebrained' (-brand'),
a. Wild ; giddy ; heed-
less. — HareOip' (-lTp/).
n. A lip having a division
like that of a hare. Hare-

Harebell' (haT'bel'), n. A finall branching plant,
having blue, bell-shaped flowers.

Ha'rem (ha'rgm), n. The women's apartment in
an Oriental house ; seraglio ; the wives and con-
cubines belonping to one man.

Har'i-COt (hSr'e-ko), n. A 6tew of meat and
vegetables; the seeds or pod of the string
bean.

Hark (hark), v. i. To listen ; to hearken. — in-
terj. Hear !

Har'le-quin (har1e-kTn or -kwin), n. A buffoon ;
a clown.

Har'lot (harlot), n. A lewd woman ; prostitute ;
strumpet. — Har'lOt-ry (-ry), n. Prostitution ;
lewdness.

Harm (harm), n. Injury ; hurt ; misfortune ; evil ;
loss ; wickedness. — v. t. [Harmed (harmd) ;
Harming.] To hurt ; to injure ; to damage. —
Harm'ful, n. Injurious. —Harm 'less, a. Free
from harm ; unhurt ; innocent ; inoffensive. —
Harm'less-ly, adv. — Harm'less-ness, n.

Har'mo-ny (h'ar'm6-nJT), n. Correspondence of
parts to each other ; agreement in facts, opin-
ions, interests, etc. ; concord of musical -trains
that differ in pitch and quality. — Har mon'ic
(-mon'Tk), Har-mon'iC-al (-T-kal). a. Con-
cordant ; musical ; harmonious. — Har-mon'i-
ca(-T-ka), n. A musical instrument of vibrating
glass. — Har-mon'ics (-iks), n. Science of mu-
sical sounds. — Har-mo'ni-OUS (-mo'nl-us), a.
Adapted to each other ; symmetrical ; agreeing
in action or feeling. — Har-mo'ni-OUS-ly, adv.

— Har-mr/ni-um (-nT-um), n. A keyed instru-
ment of music, having vibra-
ting metallic reeds. — Har'mo-
nize (h'ar'mo-niz), v. i. & t. To
be or make harmonious ; to ac-
cord. — Har'mo-nist (-nlst), n.
One who shows the agreement
of corresponding passages of
different authors ; a musical
composer.

Har'ness (har'nSs), n. Equip-
ments of a horse ; tackle ; part
of a loom guiding the threads.

— v. t. [Harnessed (-nSst) ;
Harnessing.] To equip.

Har p { li ii rp), n. A musical
stringed instrument. — v. i.
To play on the harp ; to dwell
tediously or monotonously (on
a topio. — Harp'ist Hafp'er, u™p-

n. A phyer on the harp.

a, e, I, o, G, long ; a, €, I, 5, u, y, short ; sen&te, 6 vent, Idea, 6bey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HARPOON

189

HAW

Har-poon' (har-poon'), n. A barbed fishing spear.

— v. t. To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

— Har'poon-eer' ( bar ' poon - er ' ), Har-poon'-
er. n.

Harp'si-Chord (harpAbl-kOrd), n. A harp-shaped
instrument of music, now superseded by the
phno.

Har'py (har'p}-), n. ; pi. Habpies (-piz). A fabu-
lous monster, ravenous
and filthy; an extor-
tioner ; a European buz-
zard ; an eagle inhabit-
ing Mexico and New
Granada.

Har'que-buse (har'kwe- ^
bu^), n. An arquebuse. *"

Har'ri-dan ( hSr'rl-dan ),
n. A hag; a decayed
strumpet.

Har'ri-er (har'rl-er), n.
A hound for hunting
hares ; a European buz-
zard.

Har'row (haVro), n. An
instrument for smooth-
ing land. — v. t. [Har-
rowed (-rod); Harrow-
ing.] To smooth with Uaxvy.
a harrow ; to lacerate ; to torment.

Har'ry (hai'rjf ), v. t. [Harried (-rid) ; Harry-
ing.] To strip ; to pillage.

Harsh (harsh), a. Rough to touch, taste, or
feeling ; grating ; austere ; severe. — HaTSh'ly,
adv. — Harsh'ness, n.

Hart (hart), n. A stag ; male deer.

Harts'horn' (harts'hdrnO, n. The horn of the
hart. — Spirit of hartshorn. A solution of
ammonia in water.

Har'um-SCar'um (haVum-skaVum), a. Wild;
giddy ; rash.

Ha-rU3'pice (ha-r&VpTs), n. A soothsayer.

Har'vest (harvest), n. The gathering a crop, or
time for doing so ; thing reaped ; product of
labor ; gain. — v. t. To reap or gather (a ripe
crop). — Har'vest-er, n. One who harvests;
a machine for cutting and gathering grain ; a
kind of ant.

Has (h5z), 3d per. sing. pres. of Have.

Hash (hSsh), n. Matter chopped up and mixed ;
a second preparation. — v. t. [Hashed (hasht) ;
Hashing.] To chop into small pieces ; to mince
and mix.

Hash'eesh (haWesh), Hash'ish, n. A gum resin
produced by the hemp, narcotic and intoxicating.

Has'let (haVlet), n. The inwards of a hog, used
for food.

Hasp (hasp), n. A clasp for a staple. — v. t.
[Hasped (liSspt) ; Hasping.] To shut or fasten
with a hasp.

Has'SOCk (haVsuk), n. A cushion for kneeling on
in church, or for home use.

Hast (ha%t), 2d per s. sing. pres. of Have.

Haste (hast), n. Celerity of motion ; speed ; quick-
ness; hurry.— Haste, Has'ten (has"n), v. t. & i.
To make speed ; to drive forward ; to push on ;
to expedite; to harry. — Has'ty (has'ty i. a.
[Hastier ; Hastiest.] Done in haste ; quick ;
passionate ; rash. — Has'ti-ly, adv. — Has'ti-
ness, n.

Hat (h5t), n. A cover for the head. — Hat'ter, n .
One who makes or deals in hats.

Hatch (hSch), v. t. [Hatched (hacht) ; Hatch-
ing.] To produce (birds, etc.) Iroin eggs; to
contrive or plot ; to concoct. — v. t. To pro-
duce young ; to come forth from the egg. — n.
A brood ; a number of birds produced at once ;
development ; discovery.

Hatch (hach), v. i. To cross (a drawing) with
lines of shading. — Hatch'ing, 7i. Shading of
an engraving, etc., by cross lines.

Hatch (hach), n. A door in a ship's deck, ware-
house floor, etc. — v. t. To close with hatches.
— Hatch'-boat', n. A vessel whose deck con-
sists chiefly of movable hatches, — used in the
fisheries. — Hatch'way' (-wa7), n. An opening
for passage through a deck or floor.

Hatch'el (hach'el), n. A toothed instrument for
cleansing flax. — v. t. [Hatcheled or Hatch-
elled (-eld) ; Hatcheling or Hatchelling.]
To comb (flax, hemp, etc.). — Hatch'el-er, n.

Hatch'et (hach'gt), n. A small ax with a short
handle, to be used with one hand.

Hatch'way', n. See under Hatch, door.

Hate (hat), v. t. To dislike greatly ; to detest ; to
loathe, — to. Strong dislike or aversion ; hatred.
Hat/er, n. — Hate'f Ul ( -ftti ), a. Manifesting
hate ; exciting or deserving great dislike or dis-
gust ; detestable ; abominable ; loathsome ; re-
pugnant. — Hate'fcil-ly, adv. — Hate'ful-ness,
n. — Ha'tred (ha'trgd), n. Very great dislike ;
ill-will ; enmity ; animosity ; loathing ; rancor ;
malignity ; antipathy.

Hat'ter, n. See under Hat, n.

Haugh'ty (ha'ty), a. High ; lofty ; proud ; arro-
gant ; scornful , imperious. — Haugh'ti-ly (-tT-
ly), adv. — Haugh'ti-ness, n.

Haul (hal), v. t. & i. [Hauled (hald) ; Hauling.]
To puli or draw forcibly ; to drag. — n. Violent
pull ; draught ; quantity (of fish) taken at one
draught of a net. — Haul'er, n.

Haulm (ham), n. Stem or stalk of grain ; straw.

Haunch ("hauch), n. The hip ; part of the body
between ribs and thigh ; the part of an arch on
either side of its
crown.

Haunt (hant), v. t.

A A Haunches of an Arch.

& i. To visit
persistently, as a
ghost ; to f r e -
quent. — n. Place
of frequent re-
sort. — Haunt'er, n.

Haufboy (ho'boi), n. A wooden wind instrument
with vibrating reed ; an oboe.

HHau'teur' (ho'ter'), n. Haughty manner 01
spirit ; pride ; arrogance.

Have (hav), v. t. [Had (had); Having.] To
possess ; to hold ; to own ; to enjoy.

Hav'e-lock (hav'e-15k), n. A light cloth cover-
ing for head and neck.

Ha'ven (ha'v'n), n. Harbor ; port ; place of shel-
ter ; asylum.

Hav'er-sack (haVer-sSk), n. A case for carrying
food, ammunition, etc.

Hav'oc (haV5k), n. Destruction ; devastation ;

waste. — v. t. To destroy ; to lay waste.
■ Haw (ha), n. A hedge ; fruit of the hawthorn.

Haw (ha), n. A hesitation of speech, — v. i. To
I speak with hesitation.

j Haw (ha), v. i. & t. [Hawed (had) ; Hawing.]
To turn (oxen, etc.) to the near side, or toward
I the driver.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

HAWK

190

HEATHENDOM

Hawk.

Hawk (hak), re. A bird of prey resembling
the falcon. — v. i.
[Hawked (hakt ) ;
Hawking.] To'catch
birds by means of
hawks ; to soar or
strike like a hawk.

— Hawk'er, re. One „.

who hunts with &x5.
hawks.— Hawk'- c
eyed' (-id'), a. Sharp-
sighted ; discerning.

Hawk (hak), v. i. To make a noisy effort to
force up phlegm. — v. t. To raise (phlegm).—
n. Noisy raising of phlegm.

Hawk (hak), v. t. To sell by outcry ; to peddle.

— Hawk'er, n.

Hawse (haz or has), re. The situation of cables
betore a vessel's stem, when moored with two
anchors ; distance ahead to which cables ex-
tend.— Hawse hole. A hole in a ship's bow
for passage of a cable. — Haws'er, re. A small
cable or large rope.

Haw'thorn' (ha'thSrn'), n. A shrub having a
fruit called haw, used for hedges.

Hay (ha), re. Grass dried for fodder. — v. i. To
dry grass for preservation. — Hay fever. Nasal
catarrh, affecting some persons in spring and
summer. — Hay press. A press for baling loose
hay. — Hay'COCk', n. A pile of hay, in the field.

— Hay'loft', re. A loft or scaffold for hay. —
Hay'moW (-mov.'), re. A mass of hay laid up in
a barn for preservation ; place for storing hay.

— Hay'riCk' (-rlk'), n. Hay piled for preserva-
vation in the open air. — Hay'stack' (-st5k'), re.
A conical pile of hay in the open air.

Haz'ard (hazard), re. Chance ; danger ; peril ;
risk. — v. t. To expose to chance or evil ; to
venture ; to risk. — Haz'ard-OUS (-us), a. Per-
ilous; bold; uncertain. — Haz'ard-OUS-ly, adv.

Haze (haz), re. Thin mist or log ; obscurity ; dim-
ness.— Ha'zy (ha'zy), a. Thick with haze;
obscure. — Ha'zi-ness, n.

Haze (haz), v. t. [Hazed (hazd) ; Hazing.] To
vex with chiding ; to play abusive tricks upon.

Ha'zel (ha'z'l), re. A shrub bearing edible nuts;
filbert. — a. Of a light brown color, like the
hazelnut. — Ha'zel-nut' (-nut'), n. Fruit of the
hazel.

Ha'zy, etc. See under Haze, re.

He (he), pron. The man or male person named
before. — a. Male.

Head (bgd), re. The upper part of the body ; the
chief; front; source; ear of grain; power; force.
■— v. t. & i. To lead; to direct; to jret in front of;
to form a head. — Head'er, re. — Head'ing, re.

Material for heads of casks ; title ; caption. —
Head'less, a. Having no head ; beheaded ; with-
out a leader; without prudence; rash. — Head'y
(-y). a. Willful; rash; intoxicating; violent. —
Head'i-ness, n. — Head'ache' (hed'ak'j, re. Pain
in the head. — Head'dress' (-digs'), 7). A dress
or covering for the head. — Head'land, n. A
cape; promontory. — Head'long' (-15ng'), adv.
With the head foremost; rashly ; precipitately ;
without delay or respite, -—a Rash; precipi-
tate; steep. — Head'piece' (-pes'),?/. Armor
for the head ; understanding. — Head'quar ters
(-kwar'terz), n. pi. Quarters or residence of any
chief officer ; center of authority. — Head'ship,
re. Authority or dignity ; chief place

man (hedz'man), re. An executioner. — Head'-
spring' ( hed'spring/ ), re. Fountain ; source ;
origin. — Head'Stall' (-stal'), n. A part of a
bridle encompassing the head. — Head'Strong'
(-strSug'), a. Not easily restrained ; obstinate ;
unruly. — Head'way' (-wa' ) , re . Progress made
by a ship in motion ; momentum ; height under
an arch, over a stairway, etc.

Heal (hel), v. t. [Healed (held) ; Healing.] To
cure ; to reconcile. — v. i. To become sound. —
Heal'er, re.

Heald (held), re. A harness for warp threads in
a loom ; a heddle.

Health. (hglth), n. State of being sound or whole,
in body, mind, or soul ; a wish of health and
happiness. — Health'ful (-ful), a. Free from
disease ; well; wholesome ; salutary. — Health'-
ful-ly, adv.— Health'ful-ness, «. — Health'y
(-y), a. Being in a state of health ; sound ;
wholesome; salutary. — Health ' i - ly, adv. —
Health'i-ness, re.

Heap ( hep ), re. Pile ; mass ; crowd. — v. t.
[Heaped (hept) ; Heaping.] To pile ; to accu-
mulate.

Hear (her), v. t. [Heard (herd) ; Hearing.] To
perceive by the ear ; to listen to ; to heed ; to
favor, —v. i. To perceive sound ; to listen ; to
be told. — Hear'er, re. — Hear'ing, n. Sense of
perceiving sound ; audience ; listening to facts
and evidence, for adjudication.

Heark'en (l;ark''n), v. i. [Hearkened (-'nd);
Hearkening.] To listen ; to give heed.

Hear'say' (her'sa'), re. Report ; rumor ; common
talk.

Hearse (hers), re. Carriage for conveying the
dead to the grave.

Heart (hart), n. Muscular organ which keeps up
the circulation of the Hood ; seat of
the affections ; inmost or
part ; vital portion ; courage ;
figure like that in the margin
ing card distinguished by that figure.

— Heart'y (hiirt'y), a. Proceeding lleart'
from the heart ; sound ; firm ; sincere ; warm ;
vigorous. — Heart'i-ly, adv. — Heart'i-ness, n.

— Heart/less, a- Without a heart, affection, or
courage; spiritless.— Heart ' less - ly,_ adv. —

" Heart'less-ness, re. — Heart'ache' ( -ak' ), re.
Sorrow ; mental pang. — Hearfbro'ken (-bro7-
k'n), a. Deeply grieved. - Hearfhurn' (-bfim'),
re. Burning sensation in the stomach. — Heart'-
felt' (-ielf), a. Sincere; deep. — Heart'slck'
(-sik'), a. Very despondent; low-spirited. —
Heart'string' (-string'), re. A nerve or tendon,
supposed to brace and sustain the heart.

Hearth ( harth ), re. The floor of a fireplace. —
Hearth/Stone' (-ston'), n. A stone forming the
hearth ; fireside ; home.

Heart'i-ly, Heart'less, etc. See under Heart.

Heart' s'-ease' (harts'ez'), re. Peace or tranquil-
lity of feeling ; a species of violet ; pansy.

Heat (het), re. Caloric ; great warmth ; glow ;
flush; a single effort; rage; anger; fermenta-
tion.—V. /. & i. To make or grow hot. —
Heat'er, v.

Heath ( heth ), re. A low, evergreen, flowering
I shrub ; place overgrown with heath ; cheerless
tract of country. — Heath'y (-y), a. Full of
heath.

Hea'then (he'th'n), n. A pagan ; an idolater.—
I a. Gentile ; pagan. — Hea'then-dom (-dum), n.

d ; seat of — ^_

• essential (N'j

; spirit ; a V J

in ; a play- \S

5, 5, 1, o, u, long ; &, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Sveut, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HEATHENISH

191

HELIOGRAPHY

Heather.

Part of the world where heathenism prevails ; j
heathen nations collectively. — Hea'then-ish, !
a. Belonging to the heathen ; savage ; inhu-
man. — Hea'thea-ism (-Iz'ni), n. Paganism.

Heath'er (nStb/er), n. Heath. —Heath'er-y (-y),
a. Heathy; abounding in
heather.

Heath'y, a. See under
Heath, n.

Heave (hev), v. t. {imp.
Heaved (hevd), or Hove
(hov) ; p. p. Heaved, Hove.
formerly Hoven ( ho'v'n ) ;
p. pr. Heaving.] To lift ; to
raise ; to elevate ; to throw
off. — v. i. To be raised ; to
swell ; to labor ; to try to
vomit. — n. Rising ; swell ;
pi. a disease of horses;
broken wind. — HeaVer, n.

HeaVen (hgv"n), n. Region
of the air ; sky ; dwelling-
place or immediate pres-
ence of God ; home of the
blessed ; great felicity ; bliss.

— HeaVen-ly (-ty), a. Pertaining to heaven ;
celestial ; perfect ; pure. — Heav ' en - ward
(-werd), a. & adv. Toward heaven.

Heaves. See under Heave.

Heav'y (hev'y), a. [Heavteb; Heaviest.]
Heaved or lifted with labor ; weighty ; difficult
to move or to bear ; oppressive ; burdened ;
slow ; sluggish ; dull ; stupid ; loud ; low, or
deep ; impeding motion ; ready to rain. — ■
adv. With great weight ; ponderously. —
HeaVi-ly, adv. — HeaVi-ness, n.

Heb-dom'a-dal (hg>dom'a-dal), Heb-dom'a-da-
ry (-da-ry), a. Weekly ; consisting of seven
days ; occurring every seven days.

Heh'e-tate (her/e-tat), v. t. To dull ; to stupefy.

— a. ODtuse ; dull. — HeVe-tUde (-tud), n.
Dullness ; stupidity.

He'brew (he'bru), n. A Jew ; language of the
Jews. — n. Relating to the Hebrews. — He-
bra'ic (he-bra'Ik), a. Pertaining to the He-
brews, or their language. — He-bra'ic-al-ly, adv.
After the manner of the Hebrew language ;
from right to left. — HeTwa-ism (he'bra-Tz'm),
». A Hebrew idiom. — He'bra-ist, n. One
versed in the Hebrew language and learning.

Hec'a-tomb (hgk'a-toom or -torn), n. A sacrifice
of a hundred oxen ; a large number of victims.

Hec'tare' (hgk'taV ; F. uk'tar'), n. A metric
measure of area, containing a hundred ares, or
10,000 square meters, or 2.4711 English acre:..

Hec'tic (hek'tlk), a. Habitual : constitutional :
consumptive. — n. A fever of irritation and
debility ; consumption.

Hec'tO-gram (ligk'to-grXm), n. A metric measure
of weight, containing a hundred grams or about
3.527 ounces avoirdupois.

Hec'tO-graph (hgk'to-grSf ), n. A contrivance for
multiple copying from a surface of gelatin.

Hec'tO-liter (hgk't6-le/ter or hSk-tSl'i-ter). n,
A metric liquid measure of capacity, containing
a hundred litres; a tenth of a cubic meter,
nearly 26£ gallons of wine measure.

Hec'tO-me'ter (hek'to-nie'ter or hek-tom'e-ter),
n. A metric measure of length, equal to a hun-
dred meters, or nearly 328.09 English feet.

Hec'tor (hgk'ter), n. A bully; noisy fellow.—

v. t. & i. [Hectored (-terd) ; Hectoring.] To

bluster ; to tease ; to vex.
Hec'to-Stere' (hgk'to-ster' or -star'), n. A metric

measure of solidity, containing one hundred

cubic meters,or 3.531.05 cubic feet.
Hed'Qle (hgd'd'l), n. One of the sets of parallel

doubled threads of the harness in a weaver's

loom ; a heald which guides the warp threads.
Hedge (bej), n. A thicket or fence of bushes.

— v. t. To fence with a hedge; to protect.—
v. i. To shelter one's self ; to skulk ; to bet on
both sides ; to be noncommittal. — Hedge'hog'
(-hog'). n. Small
insectivorous
animal, armed
with prickles
and able to roll
itself into a
ball. — Hedge'-
row' (-ro'), n.
A row of shrubs
for inclosure or Hedgehog,
separation of fields. — Hedge school. An open-
air school ; a school for rustics.

Heed (hed), v. t. & i. To mind ; to attend ; to
observe; to consider. —n. Attention; notice;
care. — Heed'flll, a. Cautious ; vigilant ; atten-
tive. — Heed'ful-ly, adv. — Heed'ful-ness, n.—
Heed'less, a. Without heed ; careless ; thought-
less. — Heed'less-ly, adv. — Heed'less-ness, n.

Heel (hel), n. Hinder part of the foot, of a shoe,
etc.—?;. t. [Heeled (held); Heeling.] To
add a heel to. — Heel'tap' (-tSp7), n. Leather
forming the heel of a shoe ; a remnant of liquor
at the bottom of a glass.

Heel (hel), v. i. To lean ; to tip to one side, as
a ship.

Heft (heft), n. Weight ; ponderousness. — v. t.
To lift ; to try the weight of by raising. [Col-
loq.-]

He-gi'ra (he-jl'ra or hgjT-), n. The flight of
Moliammed from Mecca, July 16, A. d. G22, from
which date Mohammedans reckon time ; any
flight or exodus.

Heif'er (hgi'er). n. A young cow.

Height (hit), Hight, n. Condition of being high ;
an elevated position ; altitude ; eminence. —
Height/en, Hight'en, v. t. To raise higher;
to elevate : to enhance ; to set off by contrast.

Hei'nous (ha'uus), a. Hateful; odious; mon-
strous ; atrocious. — Hei/nous-ly, adv. — Hei'-
nous-ness, n.

Heir (Sr), n. One who inherits property from
another. — Heir'ess (-gs), n. A female heir. —
Heir'loom/ (ar'loom'). n. A piece of personal
property, descending to the heir. — Heir'dom
(-dum),~Heir'ship. n. Right of inheriting.

Held (held), imp. & p. p. of Hold.

He'li-ac (he'lT-5k), He-li'ac-al (-H'a-kol), a.
Rising or setting at the same time, as the sun.

— He-li'ac-al-ly. adv.

Hel'i-cal (hel'T-k«l), a. Of or pertaining to a
helix ; spiral.

He/li-0-cen'triC (lie'lT-6-sen'trik), a. Pertaining
to the sun's center.

He'li-o-grapb (he'lT-o-graf), n. A picture taken
by heliography ; an instrument for photograph-
ing the sun ; an apparatus for telegraphing by
the sun's rays. — He'li-Og'ra-phy (-og'ra-fy), n.
The taking pictures by means of the sun and a
camera obscura ; photography.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fo*bt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

HELIOLATRY

192

HERCULEAN

Helices.

Hemp.

He'li-Ol'a-try (lie li-ol'a-try), n. Worship of the
sun.

He'li-O-trope (he'lT-6-trop), n. A very fragrant
plant, called also turnsole and girusole ; an in-
strument lor signaling to a distance by reflecting
the sun's rays from a mirror.

He'li-O-type (he'ii-6-tip), n. A picture taken by
heliotypy. — He'li-O-ty'py (-ti'py), n. A trans-
ferring pictures from photographic negatives to
gelatin plates, from which impressions are
produced on paper as by lithography.

Helix (he'llks), n. ; pi. L. Helices (hSIT-sez),
E. Helixes (he'-
llks-gz). A spiral
hue, as of wire in a
coil ; external bor-
der of the ear : a
land snail. — Hel'i-
cal, a.

Hell (hSl), n. Place
of the dead ; a place
or state of punish-
ment for the wicked
after death ; a gam-
bling house ; receptacle for refuse. — Hell'ish,
a. Like hell ; infernal ; malignant ; diabolical.

— Hell'ish-ly, adv. — Hell'ish-ness, n.
Hel'le-bore (hel'le-bor), n. Poisonous plant used

in medicine.
Hel-len'ic (hgl-lgnfk or -le'nlk), a. Pertaining

to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece ; Gre-
cian. — Hel'len-ism (-leu-Tz'm), n. A Greek

phrase, idiom, or construction. — Hei'len-lst,

n. One skilled hi Greek.
Hell'ish, etc. See under Hell, n.
Helm (hghn), n. An instrument by which a ship

is steered ; a director ; a guide. — Helms'man

(hglmz'man), n. Man at the helm ; steersman.
Hel'met (hgl'inet), n. Defensive armor for the

head.
Hel-min'tMc (hgl-mYn'thTk), a.

Relating to worms. -— ». Med-
icine for expelling worms ; a

vermifuge.
Helms'man. See under Helm, n.
He'lot (he'15t or hgl'ot), n. Slave

in ancient Sparta. — He'lOt-lsm

(-Tz'm), n. Slavery.
Help (hglp), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. Barred Helmet.

p. Helped (hglpt) (obs. imp.

Holp (holp), p. p. Holpen (hol'p'n) ; p. pr.

Helping.] To aid ; to assist. — n. Aid ; rem-
edy ; relief; in America, a domestic servant. —

Help'er, n.— Help'ful, a. Furnishing help;

useful ; wholesome.— Help'ful-ness, n. — Help'-

less, ". Destitute of help or strength ; feeble ;

beyond help; irremediable. — Help'less-ly, adv.

— Help'less-ness, n. — Help'mate7 (-mat'), n.
A helper; a companion. — Help'meet' (-met'),
7?. A wife.

Hel'ter-Skel'ter (h&l'ter-skel'ter), adv. In hur-
ry and confusion.

Helve (heir), n. The handle of an ax. — v. t.
[Helved (hglvd) ; Helving.] To furnish with
a helve.

Hem (hSm), interj. A sound of hesitation, doubt,
etc. — n. Utterance of this sound. — v. i. To
make this sound ; to hesitate in speaking.

Hem (hSm), n. The border of a garment. — v. i.
[Hemmed (hemd ;) Hemming.] To fold ami sew-
down the edge of ; to edge. — Hem'mer, ».

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, ©vent, Idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

Hem'i-sphere (heui'i-sler), n. A half sphere or
globe. — Hem/i-spher'ic (- sfer ' Tk), Hem ' 1 -
spher'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Containing, or pertain-
ing to, a hemisphere.

Hem'i-stich (hgo.'i-stik), n. Half a poetic verse.

Hem/lock (hgm'lok), n. A poisonous herb ; also,
an evergreen tree of North America ; hemlock
spruce.

Hem'or-rhage (hgm'or-rij), n. A flow of blood
from a rupture. — Hem'or-rhoids (-roidz), n.
pi. Tubercles around the anus, discharging
blood or mucus ; piles.

Hemp (hemp), n. A plant having a fibrous skin
used for cloth and cordage.

— Henip'en (hgmp''n), a.
Made of hemp.

Hen (hen), n. A female bird.

— Hen'bane7 (hgn'ban'), n.
A narcotic plant, poisonous
to fowls.

Hence (hens), adv. From this
place, time, reason, origin,
or cause. —Hence 'forth'
(hgns'forth' or hgns'forth'),
HencCfor'ward (-foVwerd),
adv. From this time forward.

Hench'man ( hgnch ' man ), n.
An attendant ; a servant ; a
follower.

Hen'na (hgn'na), n. A thorny
tree, also a paste made from
its leaves, used by Asiatics for
dyeing their nails, etc., or-
ange.

Hen'pecked (-pgkt), a. Governed by one's wife.

He-pat'ic (he-pat'ik), a. Pertaining to, or of the
color of, the liver.

Hep'ta-chord (hgp'ta-k6rd), n. A system of seven
sounds ; a lyre with seven chords.

Hep'ta-gon (hep'ta-gon), n. A plane figure of
seven sides and seven angles. — Hep-tag'O-nal
(hep-tag'6"-nal), a. Having seven sides. — Hep-
tan'gU-lar (-t£n/gu-ler), a. Having seven an-
gles.

Hep'tarch-y (hep'tark-$r), n. Government by, or
a country governed by, seven persons.

Her (her), pron. & a. Possessive and objective
form of She.

Her'ald (her'ald), n. Anciently, an officer who
proclaimed peace or war, bore messages from
the commander of an army, etc. ; now, a pro-
claimer ; forerunner ; precursor. — r. t. [Her-
alded ; Heralding.] To give tidings of; to
proclaim. — He-ral'diC ( lit-rSl'dik ), a. Per-
taining to heralds or heraldry. — Her'ald-ry
(hgr'</ld-ry), n. The art or office of a herald ;
the science of recording genealogies and bla-
zoning arms. — Her'ald-shlp, n. The office of a
herald.

Herb (erb or herb), n. A plant having a soft or
succulent stem, that dies every year. — Herb'y
(-£), Her-ba'ceOUS (her-ba'slius), a.^ Pertain-
ing to herbs. — Herb'age (Srbtj or hSrVfij), n.
Herbs collectively ; grass ; pasture. — Herb'al
( herb'al ), n. A book on plants ; a collection
of plants: an herbarium. — a. Pertaining to
herbs. — Herb'al 1st, n. One skilled in plants.

— - Her-ba'ri-um (h8r-ba7rl-um), n. A collection
of dried plants. — Her-biv'O-roUS (-blv'6-rtis),
a. Feeding on vegetables.

Her-Cu'le-an (her-ku'le-nn), a. [From Hercules,

HERD

193

HIDE

most famous of Greek heroes, celebrated for
strength, and for twelve difficult labors.] Very
great, diifioult, or dangerous; having extraor-
dinary btrength.

Herd (herd), n. A collection of beasts ; a drove ;
a crowd; a rabble. — v. i. &t. To unite or asso-
ciate in a herd, or in a company. — Herd'man
(herd'inan), Herds'man (herdz'inau), n. An
owner or keeper oi herds. —Herd's grass. A
grass, of several species, valuable lor hay.

Her'diC (her'dik), n. A kind of low-hung cab.

Hera (her), adv. In this place or state ; hither ;
now. — Here' about (-a-bout/), Here'a-bouts7
(-bouts7), adv. About this place ; in this neigh-
borhood. — Here-aft'er (-after), adv. In time
to come ; in some future state. — n. A future
existence or state. — Here-at' (-aV), adv. At,
or by reason of, this. — Here-by' (-bi'), adv.
By means of this. — Here-in' (-in'), adv. In
this. — Here-Oi' (-of or -5 * '). adv. Of or from
this ; hence. — Here-on' ( - on ' ), Here upon'

S-up-5n' ), adv. On or upon this. — Here-to'
-too7), Here;un-to/ (-un-too'), adv. Unto this ;
to this time. — Here/to-fore/ ( -too-for' ), adv.
Formerly. — Here- With' (-with' or -with'),
adv. With this. — Here and there, in a dis-
persed manner ; irregularly. — Neither here
nor there. To no purpose ; irrelevant ; non-
sense.

He-red'i-ta-ry (he-red'T-ta-ry), a. Descended by
inheritance ; ancestral ; patrimonial. — Here-
dit'a-ment (beVe-dTt'a-meut), n. Property
that may be inherited.

Here-in', Here-Of, etc. See under Here, adv.

Her'e-sy (he'r'e-sy), n. Opinion opposed to usu-
ally received doctrine ; lack of orthodox belief.

— Her'e-tic (-t!k), n. One who errs in religion;
the Roman Catholic name for a Protestant. —
He-ret'i-cal (he-rSt'T-k</l), a. Containing, or
pertaining to, heresy. — He-ret'i-cal-ly, adv.

Here-tO7, Here/tO-f ore', etc. See under Here, adv.
Her'it-a-hle (heVIt-a-b'l), a. Capable of being

inherited or of inheriting. — Eer'it-age (-aj),

n. An inheritance.
Her-maph'ro-dite (her-m5f'r6-dit), n. An animal

or plant, uniting both sexes. — Hermaphrodite

brig. A brig square - rigged forward and

schooner-rigged aft. — Her - maph ' ro - dit ' ic

(-dTtTk), a. Partaking of both sexes.
Her'me-neu'tics (her'me-nu'tiks), n. Science of

interpretation, esp. of the Scriptures.
Her-met'ic (her-met'Tk), Her-met'ic-al (-T-k(7l).

o. Chemical ; perfectly close; airtight. — Her-

met'ic-al-ly, adv.
Her'mit (her'mTt), n. A recluse ; an anchoret ;

one who lives in solitude from religious motives.

— Her'mit-age (-aj), n. Habitation of a her-
mit ; a French wine, red or white.

Hern (hern), n. Same as Heron.

Her'ni-a (her'nT-a), n. Protrusion of any inter-
nal part through the inclosing membrane ; rup-
ture. — Her'ni-al (-al), a. Pertaining to hernia.

He'ro (he'ro), n. ; pi. Heroes (-roz). A man of
great valor, intrepidity, enterprise, etc. : prin-
cipal personage in a poem, story, etc. — He-ro'-
lc (he-roTk), a. Pertaining to, like, or be-
coming, a hero ; courageous ; valiant ; fearless ;
noble; magnanimous; illustrious. — He-ro'ic-
al-ly (-T-k7l-ly), adv. — Her'o-ine (hSr'S-In),
n. A female hero. — Her' 0-ism (-Iz'm), n.
Qualities or character of a hero.

Heron.

Her'on (her'Sn), n. A wading bird with long legs
and neck. —Her 'on- ry
(-ry), n. A place where
herons breed.

Her'pe-tol'o-gy ( her ' pe -
tol'6-jy), n. Natural his-
tory of reptiles.

Her'ring (her'ring), n. A
small fish which migrates
in great shoals from
northern latitudes to the
shores of Europe and
America, where they are
taken and salted.

Hers ( herz ), pron. Be-
longing to her ; of her.

— Her-seli' (her -self),

pron. Emphasized form of she; in her real
character ; in her right mind ; sane. — By her-
self. Alone ; unaccompanied.

Hes'i-tate (hez'i-tat), r. ?'. To stop or pause ;
to doubt ; to waver ; to falter ; to stammer. —
Hes'i-tan-cy (-tan-sy), Hes i-ta'tion (-ta'shun),
n. Doubt ; vacillation ; stammering.

Hes'per ( hes ' per ), n. The evening star ; Hes-
perus. — Hes-pe'ri-an (-pe'rl-an), a. Western ;
occidental.

Hest (iiest), n. Command; precept; order.

Het'er-0-d0X ( het ' er - 6 - d5ks ), a. Contrary to
some acknowledged standard ; not orthodox. —
Het'er-o-dox'y (-y), n. Heresy.

Het er-o-ge'ne-ous (het'er-o-je'ne-us), a. Differ-
ing in_kind.

Hew (hu), r. t. {imp. Hewed (hud) ; p. p. Hewed
or Hewn (hun) ; p. pr. Hewing.] To cut with
an ax ; to shape with a sharp instrument ; to
chop. — Hew'er (hu'er), n.

Hex'a-gon (hgks'a-gon), n. A plane figure of six
sides and six angles. — H6X-
ag'O-nal (-5g'6-nal), a. Hav-
ing six sides and six angles.

Hex a-he'dron (links' a-heMron),
n. A solid body of six equal
sides ; a cube.

Hex-am'e-ter ( hgks-5m'e-ter ),

u« AETwTfL? "? ^^ ^Svdar Hexagon.

Hex-an'gu-lar ( hSks - 5n ' gu -
ler), a. Having six angles or corners.

Hey (ha), Hey'day' (ha'da7), interj. Expression
of exultation or wonder.

Hl-a'tus (hi-a'tiis), n. A chasm ; a gap ; a concur-
rence of vowels in successive syllables.

Hi-ber'nal (hl-ber'nr/1), a. Belonging to winter.

— Hi'ber-nate (hi'ber-nat), v. i. To winter ; to
pass the winter in seclusion or torpor. — Hl'-
ber-na'tion (-na'shiin), n. A hibernating.

Hi-ber'ni-an (-ber'nT-an), a. Pertaining to Hi-
bernia, now Ireland ; Milesian. — n. Irishman.

— Hi-ber'ni-an-ism (-Tz'm), Hi-ber'ni-cism
(-siz'm), n. Idiom peculiar to the Irish.

Hie 'cough (lnk'kup'), n. A spasmodic inspira-
tion, producing a sudden sound. — v. i. [Hic-
coughed (-kupt) ; Hiccoughing.] To have a
convulsive catch of the respiratory muscles.

Hick'O-ry (hTk'6-ry), n. An American nut-bear-
ing tree.

Hid (hid), Hid'den (hTd'd'n), p. p. of Hide.

Hi-dal'gO (hl-dai'go), n. A Spanish nobleman of
the lowest class.

Hide (hid), v. t. & i. [imp. Hid (hid) ; p. p. Hid-
den (hid'd'n), Hid ; p. pr. Hiding (hid'Tng).]

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, ctiair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

HIDE

194

HIPSHOT

1

mm

To withhold from sight ; to conceal ; to keep se-
cret ; to disguise ; to secrete.

Hide (hid), n. Skin of a beast. — Hide'DOlUld'
(hid'bound'), a. Having the skin (of an animal)
or bark (of a tree) tight and immovable ; big-
oted ; stupidly conservative.

Hid'e-OUS (hld'e-us), a. Frightful or shocking
to the eye or ear ; horrid ; dreadful ; terrible.

— Hid'e-ous-ly. adv. — Hid'e-ous-ness, n.

Hie (hi), v. i. [Hied (hid) ; Hying.] To hasten.

Hi'er-arch (Wer-ark), n. One who rules in sa-
cred things ; a chief of a sacred order. — Hi'er-
arch'y ( hi'er-ark'y^ ), n. Authority in sacred
things ; body of persons having ecclesiastical
authority; government by the priesthood. —
Hi'er-arch'al (-«1), a. Pertaining to a hier-
arch. — Hi/er-at'ic ( - it ' Tk ), a. Sacerdotal ;
pertaining to priests.

Hi' er-o- glyph (hi'Sr-S-glK), Hi/er-o-glyph'ic

( - glif ' Ik ), n. A sacred
character ; picture - writing
of the ancient Egyptian |
priests ; character or figure
having a mysterious signifi-
cance. — Hi'e-ro-glyph'ic,
Hi/er-o-glyph'ic-al (-l-koi),
a. Emblematic ; expressing
meaning by symbols ; ob-
scure ; enigmatical. — Hi'-

er-o-glyph'ic-al-ly, adv. iiieiogiypincs.

Hi-er'o-phant (ht-er'6-fant), n. Cliief priest ;
one who teaches mysteries of religion.

Hig'gle ( hlg ' g'l ), v. i. To carry provisions
about for sale ; to chaffer. — Hig'gler, n.

Hig'gle-dy - pig'gle-dy (hlg'g'i-uy-plg'g'l-dy),
adv. In couitibion ; topsy-turvy.

High (lii), a. Elevated ; lofty ; sublime ; distin-
guished ; eminent ; exorbitant ; dear. — adv.
Aloft; eminently; profoundly. — n. Elevated
place. — High'ly, adr. — High'ness, n. State
of being high ; title of princes and men of rank.

— Hlght, n. See Height, n. — High priest
Chief priest ; esp., chief of the Jewish priest-
hood. — High-born' (-bSrii'), a. Of noble birth.

— High'-flO wn' (hi'flW), a. Elevated;
proud ; turgid ; extravagant. — High'-hand'-
ed (-hand'fid), a. Overbearing ; oppressive ;
arbitrary. — High'— mind7 ed, a. Having hon-
orable pride ; magnanimous. — High'-pres'-
8UI6 (-prSsh'ur), a. Having a pressure (of
6team, water, etc., in a boiler, engine, etc.)
greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere. —
Hlgh'-spir'lt-ed (-spTr'Tt-ed), a. Full of
spirit; irascible; bold; daring. — High' —
toned' (-tond'), a. High in tone or sound ;
honorable. — High'-wronght' (-rat'), a.
Worked up or swollen to a great degree.

Highland (hi'land), n. Elevated land; moun-
tainous region. — Highlander, n. An Inhabit-
ant of high lands, esp. of the Highlands of
Scotland.

High'road/ (hi'rod'), n. A highway ; main road.

High'way' (bl'waV), n. A public road ; a way
open to all passengers. — High ' way ' man
(-man), n. One who robs on the public road ;
a highway robber.

Hl-la'ri-ous (ht-15'rY-tta or hT-), a. Mirthful;
merry; jolly. — Hi-lar'i-ty (-UtrT-ty), n.

Glee; Cheerfulness; exhilaration; jollity.

Hill (hTl), n. An eminence less than a mountain ;
earth raised about the root of a plant ; a cluster

of plants growing close together. — -v. t. To
surround with earth. — Hill'y (-y ), a. Abound-
ing with hills. — Hill'i-ness, n. — Hill'ock
(-uk), n. A small hill.

Hilt (hilt), n. Handle of a sword, etc.

Him (him), pron. Objective case of he. — Him-
self' (-seh7), pron. Emphasized form of he;
having command of himself ; in hid true char-
acter.— By himself. Alone; unaccompanied.

Hind (hiudj, n. Female of the red deer or stag.

Hind (hind), n. A peasant; rustic; bo^r.

Hind (hind), a. On the rear. — Hind'er (hind'-
er), a. Of or belonging to that part in the
rear. — Hind'er-most, Hind'most' (-most'), a.
Behind all others.

Hin'der (hln'der), v. t. [Hindered (-derd) ; Hin-
dering.] To prevent the progress of ; to stop ;
to counteract ; to thwart ; to arrest ; to im-
pede ; to delay. — v. i. To cause impediments.

— Hin'drance (hTn'drans), Hin'der-ance (-cer-
crus), n. An impediment ; ob tacle ; restraint.

Hind'er-most, etc. See under Hind, a.

Hin'doo, Hin'dn (hln'dob), n. A native of Hin-
do. tan. — Hin'doo- sta'nee (-sta'ne), Hin'tiu-
Sta'ni, a. Pertainii.g to the Hindoos or their
language. — n. Language of the Hindoos.

Hin'drance, n. See under Hinder, v. t.

Hinge (hlnj), n. A joint on which a door, gate,
lid, etc., turns, — v. t. [Hinged (hlnjd) ; Hin-
ging (hlu'jing).] To furnish with hinges. —
v. i. To stand, depend, or turn, as on a hinge.

Hin'ny (hln'ny), n. A mule.

Hint (hint), v. t. To bring to mind by a slight
mention or allusion ; to suggest ; to insinuate ;
to imply. — v. i. To make indirect reference.

— n. Slight mention ; intimation ; suggestion.
Hin'ter-land (hln'ter-land), n. The land or region

lying behind the coast d-strict.

Hip (hip), n. Joint of the thigh ; haunch ; ex-
ternal angle formed by the meeting of two
sloping sides of a roof. — 1>. t. [Hipped (hlpt);
Hipptng.] To dislocate the hip of ; to lame.

Hip (hip), n. Fruit of the dog-rose.

Hip ' po - drome ( l.Tp'to-droui ), ft. Circus, or
place for races, etc.

Hip'po-griff (hlp'po-grlf), 7j. A fabulous mon-
Mer, half horse and halt griffin ; a winged horse.

Hip-poph'a-gons (blp-p5.'a-gus), a. Feeding on
horses. — Hip-poph'a-gy (-jy), n. The feeding
on horses.

Hip 'po-pot'a mus (hlp/po-poiZa-mus), n. River
horse ; a large amphibious and herbivorous Af-
rican mammal.

Hippopotamus.

Hip'shot' (hlp'sh5t'), a.
i than the other.

Having one hip lower

&i ©, I, o, a, long , a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, 6bey , dnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

HIRE

195

HOLDFAST

Hire (hir), v. t. [Hired (hlrd) ; Hiring.] To
engage for pay ; to bribe ; to let ; to lease. — n.
Wages ; pay. — Hir'er, n. — Hire'ling (-Hug),
n. One who is hired ; a mercenary; prostitute.

— a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary.
HIr-SUte' (her-sut'), a. Rough with hair ; shaggy.

— Hir-sute'ness, n.

His (biz), pron. Possessive of he.

His'pid (his'pid), a. Rough with bristles or
spines ; bristly.

Hiss (his), v. t. & i. [Hissed (hist) ; Hissing.]
To make, or condemn by, a sound like that 01
the letter s ; to glide with a whizzing noise. —
n. A sibilant noise ; an expression of con-
tempt. — Hiss'ing, n. A hiss ; an occasion of
contempt ; an object of scorn.

Hist (hist), interj. Hush ; be silent.

His-tol'O-gy (hTs-tol'6-jy), n. The science of the
structure of tissues of plants, animals, etc.

His'to-ry (his'to-ry), n. Continuous narrative
of events ; narration ; chronicle. — His-to'ri-an
(hTs-to'rT-rrn), n. A writer of history ; chroni-
cler. — His-tor'ic (-tor'Ik), His-tor'ic-al (-tor'-
T-kal), a. Containing, pertaining to, exnioited
in, or deduced from, history. — His-tor'ic-al-ly,
adv. — His-to ri-og'ra-pher ( -to'rT-og'ra-ier ),
n. A writer of history ; esp., an official re-
corder of the history of a prince or state. —
His-tO'ri-Og'ra-phy (-fy), n. The art or em-
ployment of an historiographer.

His'tli-on'ic (hTs'trT-on'Tk), a. Pertaining to
actors or acting ; theatrical ; pantomimic. —
His'tri-on'ic-al-ly, adv.

Hit (hit), v. t. & i. [Hit ; Hitting.] To strike ;
to reach ; to attain ; to suit. — n. A striking ;
a blow ; a lucky chance ; an apt expression.

Hitch (Inch), v. i. [Hitched (hicht) ; Hitch-
ing.] To be-
come entangled
or caught ; to
move by jerks ;
to fidget. — v. t.
To hook ; to
catch; to fasten.

— n. A catch ;
a knot; a noose
a jerk.

Hith'er (hith'er
adv. To this
place.— a. Next
to the speaker; nearer. — Hith'er- to' (-too/),
adv. To this place or time ; as yet ; until now.

— Hith'er- ward (-werd), adv. This way;
toward this place.

Hive (hiv), n. The habitation of honeybees ; a
swarm of bees ; crowd. — v. t. & i. [Hived
(hivd) ; Hiving.] To collect into a hive.

Hives (hivz), n. Croup ; an eruptive disease, al-
lied to chicken pox.

Ho (ho), Hoa, n. A stop ; a halt. — interj. Hal-
loo ! oho ! oh ! attend ! — a call to excite atten-
tion, or to give notice of approach.

Hoar (hor), a. White ; gray with age. — Hoar'y
(hor'y), a. White ; whitish. — Hoar'i-ness, n.

— Hoar'frost' (-frost'), n. Frozen dew.
Hoard (hord), n. Store laid up ; treasure, — v. t.

& i. To collect and lay up ; to store secretly.
Hoar'hound, n. See Horehound, n.
Hoarse (hors), a. Having a harsh, rough, grating

voice; discordant. — Hoarse'ly, adv. —
. Hoarseness, n.

Hitch.

a Clove Hitch ; b Half

Hitch ; c Timber Hitch.

Hoar'y, a. See under Hoar, a.

Hoax (hoks), n. A trick played in sport; a prac-
tical joke. — v. 1. [Hoaxed (hokst) ; Hoax-
ing.] To play a trick upon.

Hob (hob), n. A fiat shelf beside a fireplace ; a
steel cutter or tap for a lathe.

Hob'Dle (hor/b'l), v. i. To walk lamely ; to limp.

— v. t. To hopple ; to clog. — n. Halting gait ;
perplexity.

Hcb'ble-de-hoy/(hob'b'l-de--hoiO,Hob'ble-te-hoy'

(-te-hoi/), n. A stripling ; a gawky youth.
Hob'hy (hob'by), Hob'by-horse/ (-hSrs/), n. A

nag ; a stick which children ride as a horse ; a

subject upon which one is constantly setting

off ; a ruling passion.
Hob'goblin (hob'goiyiin), n. An apparition ; an

imp.
Hob'naiF (hob'nal'), n. A thick-headed nail for

shoes.
Hob'nob7 (hob'nob'), v. i. To drink familiarly.
Hock (hok), Hough, 11. The ham of an animal ; a

joint between leg and shank, corresponding to

man's ankle. —f. t. To lame by cutting the

tendons of the hock ; to hamstring.
Hock (hok), n. A yellow Rhenish wine.
Hock'ey (hok'y), n. A game played by driving a

b ill with bent sticks ; a stick thus used.
Ho'cus (lio'kiis), v. t. To deceive; to cheat; to

adulterate; to drug. —n. One who deceives;

drugged liquor. — Ho'CUS-po'CUS (-po'kus), n.

A juggler ; juggler's trick ; cheat ; humbug.—

v. t. To cheat.
Hod (hoJ), n. A bricklayer's tray for carrying

mortar and brick ; a coal scuttle. — Hod'man,

n. A man who carries mortar, etc., to a mason.
Hodge'podge7 (hoj'poj'), n. A mixed mass; a

medley.
Hoe (ho), n. A tool for cutting up weeds and

loosening earth. — v. t. & i. [Hoed (hod);

Hoeing.] To cut, dig, scrape, or clean, with a

hoe ; to clear from weeds. — Hoe'cake' (ho'-

kak'), n. A cake, of Indian meal, baked before

the fire, and sometimes on a hoe.
Hog (h5g), n. A swine ; a porker ; a mean, filthy,

or gluttonous fellow, —v. t. To cut short the

hair of. —v. i. To become bent upward in the

middle. — Hog'gish ( hog'gish ), a. Filthy ;

mean ; selfish ; swinish. — Hog'pen' (-pen'), n.

A pen or sty for hogs.
Hogs'head (hogz'he'd or -ed), n. A measure of 63

wine gallons ; large cask, of indefinite contents.
Hoi'den (hoi'd'u), n. A rude, bold girl ; a romp.

— a. Rude ; rustic. — Hoi'den-ish, a. Like a
hoiden.

Hoist (hoist), v. t. To raise. — n. That by which
anything is hoisted ; act of hoisting ; perpen-
dicular height of a flag or sail.

Hoi'ty-tOi'ty (hoi'ty-toi'ty), a. Thoughtless ;
giddy ; — used also as an exclamation of sur-
prise or disapprobation, with some contempt.

Hoid (hold), n. Interior of a vessel, where cargo
is stowed.

Hold (hold), v. t. [Held ; Holding. Holden
(hold''n), p.p., is obs. except in legal language.]
To sustain ; to restrain ; to retain ; to stop ; to
grasp ; to receive ; to contain ; to keep. — v. i.
To endure ; to refrain ; to cleave ; to be valid. —
n. Catch ; support ; claim ; custody. — Hold'er,
n. — Hold'ing, n. Tenure ; thing held ; influ-
ence. — Hold'back, n. A check ; restraint. —
Hold'fast', n. A clamp ; hook ; support.

fern, recent, orb, r^jde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

HOLE

196

HONEYSUCKLE

Hole (hoi), n. A hollow place ; a cavity ; an aper-
ture ; a cell.

Hol'i-day (holt-da), n. A consecrated day ; re-
ligious anniversary ; day of exemption from
labor. — a. Pertaining to a festival ; gay.

Ho'li-ly, etc. See under Holy, a.

Hol'la. See Hollo.

Hol'laild (hol'land), «. A kind of linen first
made in Holland. — Hol'lands (-landz), n. Gin.

Hollo' (h51-lo'), Hol-loa', inter j. &n. Ho ; at-
tend ; here. — v. i. [Holloed (-lod') ; Hollo-
ing.] To call out ; to halloo.

Hol'low (h51'lo), a. Empty ; not solid ; sunken ;
low ; false ; faithless ; deceitful. — n. Cavity ;
hole ; excavation ; concavity. — V. t. To make
hollow ; to excavate. — adv. So as to empty ;
completely. — Hol'low-ness, ».

Hol'ly (hoi My), n. An evergreen tree or shrub
having red berries;
the holm oak.

Hol'ly -hock (hoi My.
hok ), n. A flowering
plant ; rose mallow.

Holm (hom), n. Ever-
green oak ; ilex.

Holm (horn), n. Islet ;
flat tract of rich land
beside a river.

Hol'o-caust (hol'6-
kast), n. A sacrifice
entirely consumed by
fire.

Hol'o-graph (hol'6-
graf ), n. A writing
wholly in the hand-
writing of the one from
whom it proceeds.

Hol'Ster (hol'ster), n. Holly.

A horseman's case for a pistol.

Ho'ly (ho'ly), a. Set apart to the service of
God ; sacred ; pure ; guiltless. — Ho'li-ly, adv.

— Ho'li-ness, n. — Ho'ly-day' (-da7), n. Re-
ligious festival ; holiday.

Ho'ly-Stone' (ho'ty-ston'), n. A stone used for
cleaning decks of ships. — v. t. To scrub with
holystone.

Hom'age (hSmrfej), n. Reverence ; worship ; re-
spect ; fealty.

Home (hom), n. House, place, or country in
which one dwells ; dwelling ; abode. — a. Do-
mestic ; close; severe, —adv. To one's home
or country ; closely ; to the point. — Hom'fir,
n. A carrier pigeon able to return home from
a distance. — Hom'ing, a. Home-returning. —
Home'-bred', a. Bred at home ; domestic ; un-
cultivated. — Home'made', a. Made at home.

— Home'less, a. Destitute of a home. — Home'-
ly, a. Belonging to home ; familiar ; rude in
appearance ; of plain features ; not handsome.

— Home'li-ness, n. — Home'sick ( - sTk ' ), a.
Dispirited by absence from home. — Home'-
sick'ness, n. — Home 'spun', a. Spun or
wrought at home ; coarse ; plain ; rude. — n.
Cloth made at home. — Home'ward (-werd),
adv. Toward home.

Ho ' me - op ' a - thy (ho'me-op'a-thy ), n. Theory
and practice that disease is cured by remedies
which produce effects similar to the symptoms
of the patient's complaint. — Ho'me-op'a-thist
(-thYst), n. A believer in, or practitioner of,
homeopathy. — Ho'me-o-path ( hC'me-6-pSth ),

Ho'me-0-path'ic (-6-path'Ik), a. Of or per-
taining to homeopathy. — Ho'me-o-path'ic-al-
ly, adv.
Home'sick', Home'spun', etc. See under Home,

n.

Home'stead (hom'sted), n. Ground connected
with a mansion ; home or seat of a family.

Hom'i cide (hom'i-sid), n. Killing of one human
being by another ; a manslayer. — Hom'i-ci'-
dal, a. Pertaining to homicide ; murderous.

Hom'i-ly (hom'T-ly), n. A plain and familiar ser-
mon ; serious discourse. — Hom'i-let'ics (-leV-
Iks), n. Science of preaching or of preparing
homilies or sermons. — Hom'i-list (-I-lTst), n.
One who preaches to a congregation.

Hom'i-ny (hom'I-ny), n. Maize hulled and
broken, prepared for lood by being mixed with
water and boiled.

Hom'mock (hum'muk), n. A hillock ; a small
eminence of conical iorm.

Ho'mo-ge'ne-al (ho'mo-je'ue-ai), Ho'mo-ge'ne-

OUS (-us), a. Of the same kind or nature. —
Ho/mo-ge-ne/i-ty ( -je-ne'I-ty ), Ho'mo-ge'ne-
OUS-ness, n. Sameness of kind ; uniformity of
structure or material.

Ho-mol'O-gOUS (h6-mol'6-gus), a. Having the
same relative position, proportion, value, etc.

Hom'O-ny, «. See Hominy.

Hom'O-nym (h5m'6-nTm), n. A word having the
same sound as another, but differing from it in
meaning ; as, the noun bear and the verb bear.
— Ho-mon'y-mous (ho-nion'i-inus), a. Equiv-
ocal ; ambiguous.

||Ho-mun'CU-lus (ho-miin'ku-lus), n. A dwarf.

Hone (hon), n. A stone of a fine grit ; a whet-
stone, —v. t. To rub and sharpen (tools) on a
hone.

Hon'est (on'Sst), a. Decent ; honorable ; good ;
fair in dealing with others ; upright ; equitable ;
virtuous ; sincere ; frank ; candid. — Hon'est-
ly (-ly), adv. — Hon'es-ty (-ty), n. Integrity ;
probity ; uprightness ; honor ; justice ; equity ;
veracity.

Hon'ey (hun'y), n. Sweet juice collected by bees
from flowers. — v. t. [Honeyed (-id) ; Honey-
ing.] To use endearments or servile flattery ;
to fawn. — v. t. To sweeten.— Hon'eybee'
(-be7), n. A bee which lives in a community

Honeybee.
A Male or Drone
y> Queen,

C Worker.

and gathers honey. — Hon'ey-COmb7 (-kom'),».
Mass of cells, formed by bees, and used as repos-
itories for their honey ; B substance perforated
like t he comb of bees.— Hon'ey-moon' (moon'),
n. The first month after marriage. — Hon'ey-
SUC'kle (-suk'k'l), n. A fragrant flowering
plant.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 5, ix, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, Clnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HONOR

197

HORSE

Hon'or (on^er), n. Esteem paid to worth ; rever-
ence ; excellence of character ; integrity ; chas-
tity ; dignity ; reputation ; respect ; pi. academic
distinctions; the four highest playing cards —
ace, king, queen, and jack. — v. t. [Honored
(-erd) ; Honoring.] To esteem ; to exalt ; to
dignify ; to accept aud pay (a note) when due.
— Hon'or-a-bla (-a-b'l), a. Worthy of honor;
actuated by noble motives ; conferring honor ;
illustrious. — Hon'or-a-ule-ness, n. — Hon'or-
a-bly, adv. — Hon'or-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Confer-
ring honor, or intended merely to confer honor ;
possessing title or place without reward.

Hood (hood), n. A covering for the head, for a car-
riage, etc. — v. t. To cover ; to hide. — Hood'-
wfnlr (-wTnk), v. t. To blind by covering the
eyes ; to impose on.

Hoof (hoof), n. The horny part of a beast's foot.

Hook (hd~6k), n. A hard material, bent into a
curve for catching anything ; a sickle. — v. t.
[Hooked (hobkt) ; Hooking.] To catch ; to
hold. — v. i. To bend ; to curve. — Hooked
(hdbkt or hdok'ed), a. Curved ; having hooks.

Hook'ah (hdbk'a), n. A Turkish tobacco pipe.

Hoop (hoop or hd"op), n. A circular band sur-
rounding a cask, etc. — 1\ t. [Hooped (hoopt
or hoopt) ; Hooping.] To fasten with hoops ;
to encircle.

Hoop (hoop), v. i. To whoop ; to cry out.

Hoot (hoot), v. i. & t. To cry out in contempt ;
to cry as an owl. — n. A contemptuous shout ;
cry of an owl, etc.

Hop (hop), v. i. [Hopped (hopt) ; Hopping.] To
leap on one leg ; to skip, as birds ; to jump, as
toads. — n. A jump ; a spring ; a dance. — Hop'-
per, n.

Hop (h5p), n. A twining vine ; pi. its bitter fruit,
used, when dried, in
brewing, medicine, etc.

Hope (hop), n. Desire
of some good ; ground
of expectation; thing
hoped for ; anticipa-
tion ; trust ; belief. —
v. i. & t. [Hoped
(hopt) ; Hoping.] To
indulge hope ; to place
confidence. — H 0 p 6 '-
ful (hop'ful), a. Full
of hope ; expectant ;
promising. — Hope7-
ful-ly, adv. — Hope'-
lul-ness, «. — Hope'-
less, a. Destitute of
hope ; despairing ; des-
perate ; forlorn. —
Hope'less- ly, adv. —
Hope'less-ness, n.

Hop'per (hop'per), n. A trough through which
grain passes into a mill.

Hop'ple (hop'p'l), v. t. To tie (an animal's) feet
loosely together, to prevent running. — n. A
fetter.

Ho'ral (ho'ral), Ho'ra-ry (-ra-r^), a. Pertaining
to an hour ; noting the hours ; hourly.

Horde (hord), n. A wandering troop or gang.

Hore'hound, Hoar'hound (hor'hound), n. A bit-
ter plant of the Mint kind.

Ho-ri'zon (ho-ri'zun, formerly h5rf-zun), n. Ap-
parent junction of the earth and sky. — Hor'i-
ZOn'tal (hor'T-zSn'tal), a. Pertaining to, near,

Hop.

White-faced Hornet.

or parallel to, the horizon ; on a level. — Hor'i-
zon'tal-ly, adv.

Horn (h6rn), n. A hard, projecting, pointed or-
gan on an animal's head ; material comprising
horns ; a musical wind instrument ; a drinking-
cup ; a utensil for holding powder. — v. t. To
furnish with horns. — Homed (h6rnd), a. Fur-
nished with, or formed like, horns. — Hom'y
(-y ), a. Consisting
of, or like, horn;
hard ; callous.

Hor'net (h6r'net), n.
A large, strong wasp.

Horn'pipe/ (h6rn'pip0,
n. A Welsh flfelike
musical instrument;
a dancing tune ; a sail-
or's dance.

Horn'y, a. See under
Horn, n.

Hor'O-loge ( hor ' o - loj ), n. A timepiece. — Ho-
rog'ra-phy (ho-r5g'ra-fy), n. Art of construct-
ing ; dials. — Ho-rol'O-gist (ho-r51'o-jtst), n.
One versed in horology. — Hor 0-log'ic-al (hor7-
6-15j'T-kal), a. Pertaining to a horologe, or to
horology. — Ho-rol'O-gy (ho-rol'o-jy), n. The
science of measuring time. — Hor'O-scope (horr-
6-skop), n. The aspect of planets at the hour
of birth.

Hor'ror (hor'rer), n. A shuddering from fever,
fear, etc. ; emotion of dread or abhorrence ;
cause of horror or dread. — Hor'ri-ble (-ri-b'l),
a. Exciting horror ; dreadful ; awful ; shock-
ing ; hideous; horrid. — Hor'ri-ble-ness, ?2. —
Hor'ri-bly, adv.— Hor'rid (-rid), a. Rough;
ragged ; hideous ; shocking ; awful ; terrible ;
horrible. — Hor'rid-ly, adv. — Hor'rid-ness, n.

— Hor'ri-fy (-ri-fl), v. t. To strike with horror.

— Hor-rif'ic (-rif'ik), a. Frightful.

HHors' de com/bar (h6r' de kQN'ba'). Out of the
combat ; disabled from fighting.

Horse.

1 Ear ; 2 Forelock ; 3 Forehead ; 4 Eye ; 5 Eve Pit ;
B Nose ; 7 Nostril ; 8 Point of Nose : 9 Lips : 10
Nether Jaw : 11 Cheek ; 12 Poll : 13 Mane ; 14 With-
ers ; 15 Parotid Glands t Iti Throat; 17 Neck ; 18 Ju-
gular Vein ; 19 Shoulder : 20 Chest ; 21 Ribs ; 22
Back ; 23 Loins ; 24 Hip : 25 Flank ; 26 Bellv ; 27
Haunch : 28 Thigh : 29 Buttock ; 30 Stifle ; 31 "Leg ;
32 Tail ; 33 Hock" or Ham ; 34 Canon or Shank Bone;
3.5 Arms ; 36 Knees ; 37 Passage for the Girths ; 38
Elbow : 3!) Shank : 40 Bullet : 41 Pastern ; 42 Coro-
net ; 43 Foot ; 44 Hoof ; 46 Fetlock.

Horse (h8rs), n. A hoofed quadruped, used for
drawing, riding, etc. ; a wooden frame ; cavalry.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, uxn, food, fdbt, out, oil, cuair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

HORSE CAR

198

HOVER

~v.t. [Horsed (li6rst) ; Horsing.] To provide
with horses ; to sit astride. — Horse car (hors
kiir). A railroad car drawn by horses, or fitted
for transporting horses. — Horse cloth- A cloth
for covering a horse. — Horse mackerel. A fish
of the Atlantic and Mediterranean, the tunny ;
bluefish ; scud. — Horse power. Power which
a horse is capable of exerting ; standard for
measuring the capabilities of steam engines,
etc., estimated as 33,000 pounds raised one foot
in a minute ; machine operated by horses. —
Horse race. A race between horses — Horse
railroad. A railroad on which the cars are
drawn by horses ; tramway. — Horse'back, n.
Back of a horse ; condition of being mounted
on a horse. — Hors'y (-y), a. Pertaining to
horses, horse racing, jockeys, etc. — Hors'i-
ness, n. — Horse'flesh' (-fleW), n. Flesh of
horses ; horses collectively. — Horse'fly' (-fli/),
n. A fly that stings horses, and sucks their
blood. — Horse'hair' (-haV ), n. Hair of a horse,
esp. of its mane or tail ; fabric made of such
hair. — Horselaugh' (-laf), n. A loud, bois-
terous laugh. — Horse'man, n. A rider on
horseback; one skilled in managing horses. —
Horse'man-ship, n. The act or art of riding ;
management of horses. — Horse'play', n.
Rude, boisterous play. — Horse'pond , n. A
pond for watering horses. — Horse ' shoe
(-shoo'), n. An iron shoe lor horses , a thing
shaped like a horseshoe, or like the letter U. —
Horse/whip/ (-hwtp/), n. A wiiip lor horses.
— v. t. To strike with a horsewhip — Horse'-
woman (-woom'an), n. A woman who rides
on horseback. — Horse'-Chest'nut (-chSs'nut),
n. Large nut of a tree originally from Constan-
tinople. — Horse'-rad'ish (-rSd'Ish), n. A spe-
cies of scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent
taste, used as a condiment.

Hor-ta'tion (li6r-ta'shun), n. An exhorting, or
giving advice. — Hor'ta-tive (h6r'ta-tlv), a.
Giving exhortation, — n. A precept; exhorta-
tion. — Hor'ta-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Giving advice.

Hor'ti-CUl'ture (hOr'u-kul'tur), n. Art of culti-
vating gardens. — Hor'ti-CUl'tur-al (-kul'tur-
a\), a. Pertaining to horticulture. — Hor'ti-
cul'tur-ist (-1st), n.

Ho-san'na (ho-zan'na), n. Praise to God.

Hose (hoz), n. ; pi. Hose, formerly Hosen (hoVn).
Close-fitting breeches ; stockings ; flexible pipe
for conveying water. — Ho'sier (ho'zher), n.
A dealer in hose. — Ho ' sier - y (-y), n. The
business of a hosier ; stockings in general.

Hos'pi-ta-blc (hoVpT-ra-b'l), a. Kind to stran-
gers and guests. — Hos'pi-ta-bly, adv. — Hos'-
pi-tal'i-ty (-t51T-t^), n. Act or practice of one
who is hospitable.

Hos'pi-tal (hos'pi-tal), n. A place where the sick
or infirm are received and treated.

Host (host), n. One who affords entertainment ;
a landlord. — Host'ess (host'Ss), n. A female
host ; a landlady.

Host (host), n. An army ; a great number ; a
multitude.

Host (host), n. A consecrated wafer, believed to
be the body of Christ, offered as a sacrifice in
the Roman Catholic Mass.

Hos'tage (hoVtaj), n. One given as a security for
performance of conditions.

Host'ess, n. See under Host, landlord.

Hos'tile (hoVtll), a. Belonging to an enemy;

One who takes

unfriendly ; adverse ; repugnant. — Hos'tile-ly,

adv. — Hos-til'i-ty (-tll'i-ty), n. Animosity ;

enmity ; violence ; aggression.
Hos'tler (hos'Jer or os'ler), n.

care of horses ; a groom.
Hot (hot), a. [Hotter ; Hottest.] Having heat;

fervid ; eager ; vehement ; furious. — Hot'ly,

adv. — Hot'ness, n. — Hot'bed7 (-bed'), n. A

bed of earth covered with glass, for raising

early plants ; a place which favors rapid

growth. —Hot' house'' (-housO, n. A house

heated for the protection of tender plants. —

Hot'-hrained' ( -brand' ), a. — Hot'-head'ed

(-hed'ed), a. Fiery ; rash ; hasty.
Hotch'potch' (hSch'poch''), n. Confused mixture ;

hodgepodge.
Ho-teP" (h6-teP), n. An inn ; a public house for

travelers.
Hot'house, n., Hot'ly, adv., Hot'ness, n. See
j under Hot, a.
Hough (hok), n. Hock of an animal. — v. t.

[Houghed (l.okt) ; Houghing.] To disable by
I cutting the sinewb of the ham ; to hamstring.
Hound (hound), n. A dog for hunting ; esp., one

which hunts game by scent. — v. t. To incite

(a hound) to pursuit ; to hunt ; to spur on.
Hour (our), n. A twenty-fourth part of a day,

or 00 minutes ; time ol the day,

as indicated by a timepiece ; an

appointed time ; conjuncture. —

Hour'ly (our'ly), a. Happening

once every hour ; frequent ; con-

t i n u a 1 . — adv. Frequently. —

Hour'glass' (our'glas'), n. An

instrument for measuring time,

by sand running out of a glass

Hou'ri (hou'rT), n. A nymph of the Mohamme-
dan paradise.

House (nous), n. ; pi. Houses (houz'gz). A build-
ing for habitation or shelter ; dwelling , domes-
tic concerns ; household ; family ; body of men
united in a legislative capacity ; a firm or com-
mercial establishment ; hotel. — House (houz),
v. t. [Housed (houzdj , Housing.] To shelter.

— v. i. To abide ; to dwell. — Hous'ing (houz'-
Yng), n. Shelter. — House'less (hous'lgs), a.
Destitute of shelter ; homeless. — House'break'-
er (-brak'er), n. One who feloniously breaks into
a house. — House'hold' (-hold'), n. Those who
dwell in the same house and compose a family.

— a. Domestic. — House'hold'er n. Master of
a family. — House'keep'er (-kep'er), n. One
who occupies a house with his family; woman
having chief care of the family. — House'keep'-
lng, n. Care of domestic concerns. — a. Used
in a family ; domestic. — House'maid (-mad'),
n. A female servant — House'room (loom'),
n. Room or place in a house. — House' wlie/
(hous'wif), n. Mistress of a family ; woman at
the head of a household ; (huz'If) a case for sew-
ing materials, etc. — House'wif er-y (lious'wif-
er-f), n. Business of the mistress of a family.

Hous'ing (houz'Tng), n. A cover for a horse's
saddle ; pi. trappings.

Hove (hov), imp, of Heave.

Hov'el (hQv'cl), n. A shed ; cottage, — v. /. To
shelter.

Hov'er (hiWer), v. i. [Hovered (-erd); Hov-
ering.] To hang fluttering in the air ; to move
to and fro, watchfully or irresolutely.

a, e, i, 5, u, long ; a, e, i, o, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HOW

199

HUNGER

cPS

Howitzer.

HOW (hou), adv. In what manner : by what
means : to what extent ; for what tenon : in
what condition. — How-be'it (-beft), emu. Be

it as it may: nevertheless: however. — How-
ev'er (-eVSrfc How so-ev'er 0«6-eV8

In whatever manner or degree : at all events : at
least. — conj. Nevertheless ; notwithstanding :
yet : still ; thoueh.

How/itz-er vhoults-er), n. A short, light, large-
bore cannon. to : — ;
throw project-
iles with small
charges.

Howl ( houl ). r.
t. [Howled
(hould) ; Howl-
ing.] To cry as
a dog or wolf ;
to utter a mournful sound ; to wail ; to roar. —
n. The cry of a do? or wolf ; a yell,- a waiL —
Howl'et (-e"t), /i. An owl : owlet.

Hoy (hoi), tu A small coasting vessel.

Hoy'den, n, & v. Same as Hoiden.

Hub (hub), n. The nave of a wheel.

HuVbub (hut/bub), n. Great noise ; a tumult ;
uproar.

Huck'a-back (hiik'a-bak), n. Linen cloth, with
raised figures, used for towels.

Huctle-ber ry ijnik'k'1-ber ry). b. An Ameri-
can branching shrub, and its small, black, edi-
ble berry. Called also whortleberry.

Huck'stef (huk'ster). n. A retailer of small arti-
cles : a peddler. — v. i. To peddle.

Hud'dle hul'l'li. 9. i. ft t. To crowd together.
— :?. Crowd: contusion.

Hue (hu), n. Color; tint: dye: shade. — Hued
(hod), a. Having (such a)" color. — Hue'less
(hu'les), (7. Without color.

Hue (hu), n. Clamor; shouting; vociferation.

— Hue and cry. Loud outcry with which a
felon was anciently pursued : written proclama-
tion requiring aid in retaking him.

Huff (hiin. r. & ft ('. [HrFFED^hui't) : Huffing."
To puff up , to bully. — n. Fit of anger ; rage. —
Huffish, a. Disposed to put on" petulant or
bullvish airs: arrogant. — Huff'ish-ness. ». —
Huff 'y (-y), a. Puffed up ; bullying ; petulant ;
eaafly offended.

Hug (hug% c. t. [Hugged (hugd) : Hugging.] To
embrace closely : to hold fast ; to keep close to.

— n. A close embrace ; clasp; gripe.

Huge (huj\ a. Very large; monstrous; prodi-
gious: vast. — Huge'ly, adv. — Huge'ness. n.

Hu'gue-not i,hu'ge-n5t), n. A French Protestant
of the 16th century.

Hulk (hulk\ ;?. The body of an old ship; a
bulky or unwieldy object.

Hull (hiil u n. Tbe outer covering of a nut. grain,
etc. : husk; frame or body of a vess<i. —
[HrLLED (huld) ; Hulling!] To strip off (the
hulls of) ; to pierce the hull of (a ship)

Hum (luiml. r. i. ft t. [Hummed (hSma) \ Hum-
ming.] To sing low ; to drone ; to murmur : to
buzz ; to mumble. — . Noise of bees, a re-
volving top, etc. : inarticulate and buzzing
sound; hoax. — Ahem; hem; a sound

implying doubt and deliberation.

Hu'man liu'mnn), a. Belonging to man or man-
kind ; having the qualities of man. — Hu'man-
ly. «*>• — Hu-man'i-ty ihu-man'I-tyl. n. Na-
ture of man ; mankind: kindness: benevolence:

■i. branches of polite learning. — Hu'man-ize
(hofmon-iz), r. t. ft i- To render or become
human or humane. — Hu-mane7 (hu-mau'). a.
Kind : benevolent : tender ; mercitul. — Hu-
manely, a '• • — Eu-mane'ness. a. — Hu'man-
ist :.u'\ :-!-: . . Bt ..dent of the humanities
or polite literature : one versed in human na-
ture. — Hu-man i-ta'ri-an (hv-adbn I-ta'ri-*?u),
7!. One who holds that Jesus Christ was mere-
ly a man. — <7. Pertaining to humanitarians,

HumTlle U'Um'b'R <t. Low ; unpretending ;
modest ; lowly : meek.— r. /. [Humbled (,-b'ld) ;
Humbling.] To make humble : to lower; to
humiliate: to disgrace: to sink. — Hum Tlle-
ness. a. — Hum'bly. ad*. --Hu-mil i-ty (h4-
lnii'T-tvl. v. The state of being humble ; mod-
est v : diffidence. — Hu-mil'i-ate (-Ml .
humble ; to mortify. — Hu-mil i-a'tion ( - a ' -
shiin\ n. Mortification.

Hum'ble-bee iJium'b'l-beV), »?. Bumblebee.

Hum'bug vhum'bug ■). 72. Trickery: hoax: one
-..•eives. — v. t. [Humbugged (-oQgd<);
Humbugging.] To impose on ; to cajole : to
hoax. — Huin'bug ger-y (-bug'ger-J), n. Im-
position.

Hum'drum' (hum'drum')? a. Monotonous ; dull ;
commonplace.

Hu'mid fhefrnTd), a. Damp ; moist. — Hu-mid'-
1-ty ' hu-inldf-tvl. v.. Moisture ; dampness.

Hu-mil'i-ate. Hu-mil'i-ty, etc. See under Hum-
ble, a.

Hum'ming (huni'mTng\ a. Emitting a murmur-
ing sound ; droning: buzzing, — ji. A hum. —
Humming bird. A very small American bird,
named ;rom the swift motion
and noise of its wings in flight.

Hum'mock
(huin'rnuk\
' n. A rounded
knoll ; a hill-
ock.

Hu'mor (hii'-
lner^u'mer),
7?. Moisture;
fluid of a n i -
mal bodies;
disposition ; temper : uncertain states of mind ;
j pleasantry : fancy ; caprice. — v. t. "Humored
(-merd); Humoring.] To comply with the
Of; to Ratify; to indulge: to favor. —
Hu'mor-ist (-1st), ■ One who" shows humor ;
a wag. — Hu'mor-OUS C-Ss), <7. Jocular : witty ;
whimsical. — Hu'mor-ous-ly. adv. — Hu'mor-
OUS-nesS, n. — Hu'mor-SOme (-etim), a. In-
fluenced by humors ; capricious ; jocose.

Hump i blimp), n. A protuberance: bunch: hunch.
— Hump 'back' (hump'b5k0). ;;. A crooked
back : a hunchback : a humpbacked person.

Hunch (huuch\ n. Hump: lump; hunk: push
with fist or elbow. — v. t. [Hunched (huucht) ;
Hunching.] To push with the elbow or with a
sudden jerk ; to crook, as the back. — Hunch.'-
back vhuneh'l Sk ). 7). A humpback.

Hun'dred (huh*drBd), n. Sum of ten times ten ;
five score, —a. Ten times ten. — Hun'dredttt
t -dredthl. a. Next following the ninety-ninth ;
forming one of a hundred parts into which
anything is divided. — ?i. One of a hundred
equal parts into which one whole is divided.

Hung (hong), ;>></>. & p. p. of Hang.

Hun'ger (hnn'ger), n. Craving for food : strong

Ruby and Topaz Humming Bird.

fem, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

HUNGRY

200

HYGIENIC

Hurdle.

or eager desire. — v. i. To crave food ; to long
for. — v. t. To famish. — Hun'gry (hQn'gr^),
a. Feeling hunger ; eager ; not fertile ;~poor ;
barren. — Hun'gri-ly (-grl-ly), adv.

Hunk (hunk), n. A large lump ; a chunk.

Hunks (hunks), n. A miser ; a niggard.

Hunt (hunt), v. t. To chase (game) ; to search dili-
gently after ; to pursue. — v. i. To go in pursuit
of game; to search, — n. Chase of wild ani-
mals ; pursuit; search; association of huntsmen.
— Hunt'er, n. One who pursues wild animals ;
huntsman ; dog or horse used in the chase. —
Hunt'ress, n. A female hunter. — Hunts'man
(hunts'man), n. One who hunts ; a servant em-
ployed to manage the chase.

Hur'dle (hfir'd'l), n. A texture of twigs or sticks ;
a crate ; a sledge.

Hurl (hflrl), v. t. & i. [Hurled
(hfirld); Hurling.] To
throw violently. — n. Act
of hurling ; cast ; fling.

Hur'ly-bur'ly (hur'ly-bfir'-
ly), n. A tumult ; bustle ;
confusion.

Hur-ra' (hur-ra'), Hur-rah',

inter j. A shout of joy or exultation.

Hur'ri-cane (hur'rT-kan), n. A violent storm,
with high wind.

Hur'ry (hiir'ry), v. t. & i. [Hurried (-rid) ;
Hurrying.] To move hastily ; to hasten. — n.
Haste ; speed ; urgency ; bustle.

Hurt (hfirt), v. t. [Hurt ; Hurting.] To wound ;
to injure ; to harm ; to grieve. — n. Wound ;
harm; mischief; disadvantage. — Hurt'iul
(hfirt'ful), a. Pernicious ; harmful ; injurious ;
unwholesome. — Hurt'ful-ly, adv. — Hurt'ful-
ness, n. — Hurt 'less, a. Harmless ; innocent.

Hur'tle-ber'ry (htir't'l-beVry), n. Same as Huc-
kleberry and Whortleberry.

Hus'band (hiiz'band), n. A married man. — v. t.
To manage with frugality ; to cultivate (land) ;
to till. — Hus'band-man (-man), n. A farmer ;
cultivator of the ground. — Hus'band-ry (-ry), n.
Care of domestic affairs ; domestic economy ;
business of a husbandman ; agriculture ; till-
age.

Hush (hush), v. t. [Hushed (husht) ; Hushing.]
To still; to silence; to calm. — v. i. To be
still ; to be silent. — n. Stillness ; quiet. —
Hush money. A bribe to secure silence.-

Husk (husk), n. The external covering of certain
fruits or seeds of plants. — v. t. [Husked
(hiiskt) ; Husking.] To strip off the covering
of. — Husk'ing (hfisk'Tng), n. Act of stripping
off husks.

Husk'y (hiisk'y), a. Rough in tone ; hoarse ;
harsh. — HUSk'1-neSS, v.

Hus-sar' (huz-zar'), n. A lirht cavalry soldier.

Hus'sy (httz'zy), n. An ill-behaved woman ; a
pert girl ; a jade ; a housewife, or bag contain-
ing thread, needles, etc.

Hus'tingS (hus'tTngz), n. pi. The place where the
election of a member of Parliament is held ;
the platform on which candidates stand.

Hus'tle (huV'l), v. t. To shake together; to
handle roughly.

Hus'wif 0 ( huz'zlf or huz'wTf ), n. A female
housekeeper ; a worthless woman ; a case for
sewing materials. — Hus'wife-ry (-ry), n. The
business of household management.

Hut (hiit), n. A small house, hovel, or cabin. —

v. t. [Hutted ; Hutting.] To place (troops,
etc.) in huts.

Hutch (biich), n. A chest, box, etc., for storing
things or confining animals.

Huzza' (huz-za'), inter j. Hurrah ; — an expres-
sion of joy, exultation, or encouragement, —n.
A shout of joy, etc. — v. i. & t. [Huzzaed
(-zad') ; Huzzaing.] To cheer.

Hy'a-Cinth (hi'a-sinth), n. A flowering plant ; a
gem, the red zircon. — Hya-
Cin'thine (-sin/thin), a. Resem-
bling hyacinth ; of a violet, pur-
ple, or brown color.

Hybrid (hi'brid or hib'rid), ?i. Au
animal or plant produced from
mixture of two species. — a.
Mongrel.

Hy'dra (hi'dra), n. ; pi. E. Hydras
(-draz), L. Hydr.e (-die). A fab-
ulous water serpent having many
heads, one of which, being cut
off, was succeeded by two others.

Hydrant (hi'drant), n. A pipe for
discharging water from an aque-
duct ; a water plug.

Hy-drau'lic (hi-dra'lTk), a. Per- Hyacil,ta-
taining to hydraulics. — Hy-drau'llCS (-If ks), 11.
The science of moving fluids.

Hydro-ceph'a-lus (hi'dro-sef'a-liis), n. Dropsy
of the brain.

Hy'dro-gen (hi'dro-jen), n. An abundant gaseous
element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, and
the lightest known substance.

Hy-drog'ra-phy (hi-dr5g'ra-f^), n. Description
and delineation of seas, rivers, and other waters.
— Hy-drog'ra-pher (-fer), n. Oue who maps
the sea or other waters. — Hydro graph'ic
(-dro-grSf'Tk), Hydro-graph'ic-al (-T-koT), a.
Relating to hydrography. — Hy-drol'0-gy (ht-
drol'6-jy), n. Science of water. — Hy-drom'e-
ter (hi-drom'e-ter), n. An instrument for de-
termining the specific gravities and strength of
liquids. — Hy'dro-met'riC (hi ' dro - met ' ilk),
Hydro-met'ric-al (-rl-kal), a. Pertaining to, or
made by, an hydrometer. — Hy-drom'e-try (ht-
dr5m'e-try), n. Measurement of the strength,
velocity, or discharge of water.

Hy-drop'a-thy (hi-drop'a-thy), n. Water cure;
treatment of disease by exiemnl and internal
use of water. — Hy'dro-path'ic (Li'dro-paWIk),
Hydro-path'iC-al (-T-kfll), a. Pertaining to hy-
dropathy. — Hy-drop'a-thist (h t-dr5p'a-thTst),
n. One who practices hydropathy.

Hy'dro-pho'bi-a (hi-'dro-fo'bT-a), n. A preternat-
ural dread of water ; a disease caused by inocu-
lation with Baliva of a rabid dog. — Hy'dro-
phob'ic (-fSb'ik), a. Pertaining to hydrophobia.

Hy-drop'ic (ht-droj/Ik), Hy-drop'ic-al (-I-kal),
a. Dropsical; resembling dropsy.

Hydro-stat'ic (M'dio-staVlk), Hydro-stat'ic-al

(-T-k<7l), a. Relating to hydrostatics. — Hy-
dro-Stat'ics (-Iks), n. The science of the prop-
erties of fluids at rest.

Hy'drous (hi'drits), a. Containing water ; watery.

Hy-e'mal (ht-e'mal), a. Belonging to winter ;
wintry.

Hy-e'na ( ht-e'na), n. A nocturnal carnivorous
mammal of Asia and Africa, allied to the dog.

Hy'gl-ene (hi'jT-en), n. The science of the pres-
ervation of health. — Hy'gi en'ic (-jT-en'Ik), a.
Pertaining to hygiene; sanatory.

a, 6) i, 6, u, long , a, e, i, 6, u, y, short , senate, event, Idea, obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

HYGROMETER

201

ICONOCLAST

Hy-grom'e-ter (ht-groru'e-ter), n. An instrument
for measuring moisture of the atmosphere. —
Hy-grom'e-try (-try), n. The science of the
humidity of bodies, esp. of the atmosphere.

Hy'men (hl'men), n. The god of Jove and mar-
riage. — Hy'me-ne'al (hl'me-ne'fll), Hy'me-
ne'an (-an), a. Pertaining to marriage ; nuptial.
— n. A marriage song ; epithalamium.

Hymn (him), n. A song of praise ; a sacred lyr-
ic. — v.t [Hymned (hi md) ; Hymning (him'-
Tng or hTin'nlng).] To worship by singing
hymns. — Hym'nal (him'nal), n. A sacred
lyric ; a book of hymns.

Hyp (hip), n. A morbid depression of spirits. —
v. t. To make melancholy.

Hy-per'bO-la (ht-per'bo-la), n. A curve formed
by a section of a cone, at a greater
angle with the bise than that made
by the side of the cone.

Hy-per'bO-le (ht-per'bo-le), n. A
figure of speech which expresses
more than the truth ; exaggeration.

Hy'per-bo're-an (hi'per-bo're-an), a.
Northern ; arctic ; frigid.

Hy'per-crit'ic (hi'per-knc'Tk), n.
One critical beyond reason ; a cap-
tious censor. — Hy'per-Crit'iC-al Hyperbola.
(-T-kal), a. Over critical ; carping ;
excessively exact. — Hy ' per - crit ' i - Clsm (-T-
siz'm), n. Excessive rigor of criticism.

Hy'phen (hi'fgn), n. A printer's mark [-] to con-
nect syllables or compound words, — v. t. To
connect or separate (words, etc.) by a hyphen.

Hyp-not'ic (hip-ngt'ik), a. Tending to produce
sleep ; characterized by unnatural sleep. — n.
A medicine for producing sleep ; an opiate ; a
narcotic.

Hyp'O-Chon'dri-a (lnp'6-kon'diT-a), n. Gloomy
depression of spirits. — Hyp'O-chon'dri-ac (-5k),
a. Pertaining to, characterized by, or produced
by, hypochondria ; producing melancholy. — n.
One affected with hypochondria.

Hy-poc'ri-sy (hT-pok'rT-sy), n. Dissimulation ;
insincerity ; false pretense of goodness. — Hyp7-
0-crite (hTp'6-krit), n. A false pretender to
virtue or piety. — Hyp'O-crit'ic (hip'6-krit'ik),
Hyp O-crit'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Belonging to a
hypocrite ; exhibiting hypocrisy. — Hyp'0-crit/-
ic-al-ly, adv.

Hy-pot'e-nuse (hi - pot ' e - nils), Hy-poth/e-nuse
(-p5th'e-nus), n. The longest side of
a right-angled triangle, or the line
that subtends the right angle.

Hy-poth/e-cate ( ht-poth'e-kat ), v. t.
To pledge (property) for the security
of one's creditors. — Hy-potb/e-ca'
tion (-ka/.-shun), n. Act or contract ab Hypot-
by which property is hypothecated. enuse.

Hy-poth'e-sis (ht-poth'e-sis), n. A supposition ;
a theory assumed to account for known facts. —
Hy'po-thet'ic (hi'po--thet'Tk), Hy'po-thet'ic-al,
a. Characterized by an hypothesis ; condi-
tional ; assumed without proof for purpose of
reasoning. — Hy'po-thet'ic-al-ly, adv.

Hy'son (hl's'n), n. A fragrant species of green
tea.

Hys'sop (hiVsup), n. An aromatic plant, whose
leaves have a warm, pungent taste.

Hys-terri-a (hTs-te'rl-a), n. A nervous affection,
with alternate fits of laughing and crying, and a
sensation of strangulation. — Hys-ter/ic (-ter'-
Tk), Hys-ter'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Of, or pertaining
to, or troubled with, hysterics ; convulsive ; fit-
ful. — Hys-ter'lcs (-Iks), n. Hysteria.

I.

used by a speak-

I (I), pron. of the first person ;
er of himself.

I-amTtras (t-am'bus), n. A poetic foot consisting
of a short and a long, or an accented and an
unaccented, syllable. — I-am'biC (-bik), a. Con-
sisting or composed of iambics. — n. An iam-
bic foot.

Pbex ( I'bSks ), n. A European mountain goat,
having long, recurved
horns ; the steinbok.

Ill-bi'dem (T-bl'dgm),
adv. In the same
place ; — abbreviated
ibid, or ib.

rbis (I'bTs), n A wad-
ing bird, formerly rev-
erenced in Egypt.

Ice (Is), n. Water frozen
to a solid state; con-
creted sugar ; frozen
cream. — v. t. [Iced
(1st); Icing (I'sTng).]
To cover with ice ; to
convert into ice ; to cover with concreted sug-
ar ; to freeze. — Pcy (I'sjf), a. Pertaining to or
like ice ; frosty ; cold ; chilling. — I'ci-ly, adv.
— I'ci-ness, n. — I'clng (-sing), n. A covering

of ice or like ice : frosting. — Iceberg' (Is^berg'),

n. A mountain of ice floating on the ocean. —

Ice cream. Cream sweetened, flavored, and

congealed. — Ice house. A close-covered place

for keeping ice injvarm weather.
ICfl-neu'mon (Tk-nu'mon), n. An Egyptian and

Asiatic animal, destruc-

tive to eggs, snakes,

etc. ; an insect whose

larvae are parasitic in

other insects.
Ich-nog'ra-phy (Tk-nog'-

ra-f$r), n. A horizontal

section of an object; a 2<

ground plan. Egyptian Ichneumon.

I'chor (I'kSr), n. A thin, watery discharge from
an ulcer, wound, etc. — I'chor-OUS (-us), a.
Composed of, or resembling, ichor ; thin ;
watery.

Ich'thy-ol'O-gy (Tk'thT-ol'6-jy), n. The science
of fishes. — Ich'thy-ol'O-gist (-jist), n. A stu-
dent of ichthyology. — ich'tby -ophr a- goua
(-5f'a-gu>), a. Eating, or subsisting on, fish.

I'Ci-cle (I'sT-k'l), n. A pendent mass of ice.

I'cl-ness, I'cing. See under Ice, n.

I-COn'o-clast (t-k5n'o-klast), n. A destroyer of
idols or shams of any kind ; a radical.

), n. An Egyptian and

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, ftfbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ICOSAHEDRON

202

ILLIBERAL

Pco-sa-he'dron (i'ko-sa-heMron), n. A solid
bounded by 20 sides or faces.

Ic-ter'ic (Tk-ter'Tk), n. A remedy for jaundice.
— Ic-ter'iC, Ic-ter'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining
to, affected with, or preventive of, jaundice.

I'cy, a. See under Ice, n.

I 'd (Id). Contraction from / would or I had.

I-de'a (t-de'a), n. A mental image ; notion ; con-
ception ; thought ; opinion. — I-d^al (-al), a.
Existing in idea or thought ; proposed for imi-
tation ; existing in fancy only ; visionary ; fan-
ciful ; unreal. — n. A mental conception of per-
fection ; model of excellence. — I-de'al-ism
(-Tz'in), n. A theory that makes everything to
consist in ideas ; imagery. — I-de'al-ist, n. One
who holds the doctrine of idealism ; one given to
picturesque fancy or romantic expectation. —
I'de-al'l-ty (i'de-51'T-ty), n. Lively imagina-
tion, united to love of the beautiful. — I-de'al-
lze (-de/al-Tz), v. t. To make ideal ; to give ideal
form or value to. —v. i. To form ideas.

IlI'dem (I'dem), pron. or adj. Same ; same as
above ; — contracted id.

I-den'tic-al (1-den'tT-kal), a. The same ; utter-
ing the same truth. — I-den/tiC-al-ly, adv.—
I-den'ti-fy (-fy), v. t. [Identified ; Identify-
ing.] To make to be the same ; to treat as be-
ing one ; to establish the identity of. — v. i. To
become the same. — I-den'ti-fi-ca'tion (-fl-ka'-
shiin), n. The act of identifying ; state of being
identified. — I-den'ti-ty (-tT-ty), n. The state
of being identical ; sameness.

Ides (idz), n. pi. With the ancient Romans, the
15th day of March, May, July, and October, and
the 13th of other months.

Id'i-0-cy, n. See imder Idiot, n.

Id'i-om (Td'T-um), n. Peculiar mode of expres-
sion or cast of a language ; dialect. — Id'i-0-
mat'ic (Td/I-6-m5t'ik), Id i-o-mat'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Peculiar, or conformed, to the genius of a
language.

Idl-0-syn/cra-sy (Td/T-6-sTn'kra-sy), n. Pecul-
iarity of constitution or temperament ; individ-
ual characteristic ; eccentricity.

Id'i-Ot (Td'T-ot), n. One destitute of intelligence ;
a natural fool ; simpleton. — Id'i-0-cy (-o-sj), n.
State of being idiotic. — Id i-Ot' ic (-otlk), a.
Pertaining to, or like, an idiot. — Id'i-Ot-ism
(Td'T-ot-Tz'm), n. An idiom ; idiocy.

Pdle (I'd'l), a. [Idler (i'dler) ; Idlest (i'dlSst).]
Of no account; useless; inactive; lazy. — r. t.
To spend in idleness ; to waste. — I'dler (i'dler),
n. — I'dly (-dly), adv. — I'dle-ness, n.

I'dol (i'd51), n. An image ; image of a false god ;
object of worship ; deceitful image ; phantom ;
person or tiling greatly loved. — I-dol'a-ter
(t-dOPa-tSr), n. Worshiper of idols; adorer;
great admirer. — I-dol'a-tress (-tres), n. A
female idolater. — I-dol'a-trous (-triss), a. Of
the nature of idolatry or excessive attachment
or reverence. — I-dol'a-try (-try), n. Worship
of idols; excessive veneration for anything. —
I'dol-lze (Pdol-Iz), V. t. To make an idol of ;
to !<>ve ,,r reverence to adoration.

I'dyl (IMTl), I'dyll, n. A short pastoral poem ;
a narrative poem, written in an elevated style.

If (If), conj. In case that ; granting that ;
whether.

Ig'ne-OUS (Tir'ne-us'), a. Consisting of, coutain-
iiifc. or resulting from, the action of tire.

I! Ig'nls fat'U-US (Tg'nTs fat'u-us). Phosphores-

cent light seen at night over marshy ground ;
Will-o'-the-wisp ; Jack-o'-lantern ; a mislead-
ing influence ; a decoy.

Ignite7 (Tg-nit'), v. t. &'i. To kindle ; to light. —
Ig-nit'i-ble (-t-b'l), a. Capable of being ignited.
— Ig-ni'tion (-msh'un), n. Act of igniting ;
state of being ignited.

Ig-nr/ble (Tg-no'b'l), a. Of low birth ; base ;
shameful ; scandalous ; infamous. — Ig-H0T)le-
ness. n . — Ig-nolJly (-bly), adv.

Ig'no-min-y (Ig'n6-iniu-y), n. Public disgrace ;
dishonor ; shame ; infamy. — Ig'no-mill'i-OUS
(-mTn'T-us), a. Marked with ignominy ; shame-
ful ; despicable. — Ig'no-min'i-OUS-ly, adv.

Ig no-ra'mus (Tg'no-ra'inus), n. An ignorant
person ; a vain pretender to knowledge.

Ig'llO-rant (Tg'no-rant), a. Destitute of knowl-
edge ; unconscious ; unaware. — Ig'nc-rant-ly,
adv. — Ig'no-rance (-rans), n. Condition of
being ignorant ; want of knowledge.

Ig-nore' (Tg-nor'), v. t. To be or profess to be
ignorant of ; to refuse to notice ; to leave out of
consideration.

I-gua'na (T-gwa'na), n. A large American tree-
dwelling lizard.

Flex (I'leks), n.
Evergreen tree
or shrub ; holly ;
the holm oak.

Il'i-ac (Tl'T-ak), a.
Pertaining to the
ilium or flank
bone, or to the
lower intestine.

Ill(Tl),a. [Regu-
lar compar. and
stipevl. wanting,
and supplied by
Woese (wGrs)
and Worst (wfirst), from another root.] Con-
trary to good ; evil ; bad ; sick ; unwell ; unfa-
vorable ; wrong ; iniquitous ; rude ; inelegant.
— n. Evil of any kind ; misfortune : disease ;
pain; wickedness; iniquity. — adv. With pain
or difficulty ; not perfectly ; not well. — IlTness
(Yl'nes), n. Disease; sickness; wickedness. —
111 will. Unkindness ; enmity.

Il-lapse7 (Tl-laps'), v. t. To fall ; to glide ; to pass.
— n. Sudden entrance ; attack.

Il-la'tion (Tl-la'shiin), n. Inference ; deduction ;
conclusion. — Il'la-tive (Tl'la-tTv), a. Inferen-
tial; conclusive.—?!. An illative particle.

Hl'-brcd' (Tl'brea7), a. Not well-bred ; impo-
lite ; uncivil ; rude.

Il-le'gal (Tl-le'gfll), a. Contrary to law ; unlaw-
ful. - n-le'gal-ly, adv. — II le-gal'i-ty vn it-
gSll-ty), n.

Il-leg'i-ble (Tl-lejT-VlV n. Incapable of being
read; not readable. — Il-leg'i-bly, adv. — II-
legi-bil'i-ty(-!-bTl'T-Tyw>.

II le-git'i-mate (TFle-jTt'I-inat\ a. Not regular ;
unlawful : born out of wedlock. — II le-git'i-
mate (-mat), v. t. To render illegitimate. —
n le-git'i-ma-cy (-mA-sy), ». State of being
illegitimate ; bastardy. — II le - git i - ma'tion
(-ma'shiin), v. Act of illegitimating; illegiti-
macy.

Ill-fa'vored (Tl'fa'verd), a. Wanting beauty;
deformed : ugly.

n-lib'er-al (Tl-lTb'er-an. a. Not liWral ; not
free, generous, or noble ; niggardly ; mean ;

Iguana.

a, e, I, 5, Q long ; &, e, I, 6, u, f, short ; seuate, event, idea, obey, Guite. cAre, arm, ask, all, nnal,

ILLIBERALLY

203

IMMEDIATE

base; lacking breeding, culture, etc. — Il-liV-
er-al-ly, «rfr. — H-lito'er-al'i-ty (-ai'l-ty), n.

Il-liCit (Tl-lTs'Tt), a. Not allowed ; unlawful. —
Il-lic'it-ly, adv. — Il-lic/it-ness, n.

Il-lim'it-a-ble (Il-lTm'it-a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being limited or bounded; immeasurable; in-
finite ; vast.

Il-lit'er-ate (Tl-lTt'er-at), a. Ignorant of letters
or books ; untaught ; unlearned. — II- lifer- a-cy
(-a-sjr), Il-lit'er-ate-ness, n.

Ill'-na'ture (Tl'na'tur), n. Bad temper. — 111'—
na'tured ( -turd ), a. Cross ; surly ; crabbed ;
dictated by, or indicating, ill-nature. — IIP—
na'tured-ly, adv.

Ill'ness, ». See under III, a.

Il-log'ic-al (Tl-loj'T-kal), a. Ignorant or negli-
gent of logic ; contrary to the rules of logic or
sound reason. —Il-log'ic-al-ly, adv. — Il-log'-
lc-al-ness, n.

Ill'-Starred' (Tl'stard'), a. Fated to be unfortu-
nate.

Il-lude' (Tl-lud'), v. t. To deceive ; to mock.

Il-lume' (Tl-lum'), ,v. t. [Illumed (-lumd') ; Illum-
ing.] To make light or bright ; to illuminate ; to
enlighten. — Il-lu'mi-nate (-lu'mT-nat), v. t. To
enlighten ; to supply with light ; to adorn. — II-
lu/mi-na'tion (-nS'shun), n. An illuminating ;
decoration of houses with lights ; adornment of
books, etc., with colored illustrations ; bright-
ness ; splendor. — Il-lu'mi-na'tive (-lu'mT-na/-
tTv), a. Tending to illuminate or illustrate. —
Il-lu'mi-na'tor (-ter), ».— 11-lu'mine (-lu'mTn),
V. t. To ilium mate ; to adorn.

Il-lU'Slon ( Tl - lu ' zhun ), n. An unreal image ;
mental vision ; deception ; error ; hallucination.

— Il-lU'sion-ist, n. One given to illusion ;
a visionary. — Il-lu'sive (-siv), a. Deceiving
by false show ; deceitful. — Il-lu'sive-ly, adv.

— Il-lu'sive-ness, n. — 11-lu'so-ry (-so-ry), a.
Deceiving by false appearances ; fallacious.

Il-lus'trate (Tl-lus'trat), v. t. To make clear or
bright ; to exhibit distinctly ; to explain or ex-
emplify ; to ornament with pictures or figures. —
IHus-tra'tion (Tl'lus-tra'shun), n. Act of illus-
trating ; explanation ; that which illustrates ;
illustrative engraving, picture, etc. — Il-lus'-
tra-tive (-lus'tra-tiv), a. Tending, or intended,
to illustrate ; explaining ; exemplifying. — II-
lus'tra-tor (-tra-ter), n.

Il-lus'tri-0US (Tl-lQs'trT-us), a. Possessing luster,
brightness, or brilliancy ; evincing greatness,
nobleness, etc. • famous ; noted ; signal ; emi-
nent ; glorious. — Il-luS'trl-OUS-ly, adv.

Ill Will. n. See under III, a.

im'age (lm'aj), n. Likeness ; appearance ; statue ;
idol ; idea. — v. t. [Imaged (-ajd) ; Imaging.]
To form an image of ; to represent to the mental
vision. — Im'age-ry (-rj), n. Images in gen-
eral ; unreal show ; false ideas ; rhetorical
decoration.

Im-ag'lne (Tm-a"j'Tn), v. t. &i. [Imagined (-Tnd) ;
Imagining.] To fancy ; to conceive ; to think ; to
believe ; to scheme ; to devise. — Im-ag'in-er, n.

— Im-ag'i-na-ble (-T-na-bl), a. Capable of being
imagined. — Im-ag'i-na-ry (-ry), a. Existing
only in imagination ; fanciful ; chimerical ; un-
real. — Im-ag'i-na'tion (-na'shim), n. Power
to create mental images ; fancy. — Im-ag'i-na-
tlve (-T-na-tTv), a. Proceeding from, and char-
acterized by, the imagination ; given to imag-
ining ; full of images, fancies, etc.

Im-bank' (Tm-bSnk'), v. t. To inclose or defend
with a bank. — lm-bank'ment (-mcnt), n. A
surrounding with a bank ; a mound of earth
raised to defend a place, esp. against floods.
[Written also embankment.']

Im'be-Cile (Tm'be-sTl or -sel), a. Weak in body
or mind ; feeble; infirm; impotent, —n. One
feeble in body or mind ; a fool. — Im'be-cil'i-ty
(-sil'T-ty), n. Quality of being imbecile ;
feebleness ; impotence.

Im-bed' (Tm-bed'), v. t. To sink or lay (in a bed).

Im-bibe' (Tm-bib'), v. t. To drink in ; to absorb.

— Im'bi-bi'tion (Tm/bT-bish'un), n. An imbib-
ing ; absorption.

Im-bit'ter (Tm-bit'ter), v. t. [Imbittered (-terd) ;

Imbitteking.] To make bitter ; to exasperate.
Im-bod'y, v. i. See Embody.
Im-bos'am ( Tm - booz ' urn ), v. t. [Imbosomed

(-vimd) ; Imbosoming.] To hold in the bosom ;

to embrace.
ImTjri-cate (Tm'brT-kat), Im'bri-ca'ted (-ka'ted),

a. Bent and hollowed ; overlapping

each other, like shingles on a roof.

— Im'brl-ca'tion (Tm/brY-ka'shiin),
n. An overlapping.

Im-brogl'iO (Tin-brol'yo), n. Intricate
plot ; embarrassing state of things ;
misunderstanding.

Im-brown' (Tm-broun'), v. t. [Im-
browned (-bround') ; Imbrowning.]
To make brown ; to tan.

Im-brue' (Tm-bru'), v. t. [Imbrued
(-brud'); Imbruing.] To soak; to
drench ; to steep.

Im-brute' (Tm-brut'), v. t. & i. To
degrade or sink to the state of a
brute.

Imbue' (Tm-bu'),t\ t. [Imbued (-bud') ;
Imbuing.] To tinge deeply ; to dye ;
to cause to imbibe.

Im'i-tate (Tm'T-tat), v. t. To follow as a pattern ;
to copy. — Im'i-ta'tor (-ta'ter), n. — Im'1-ta-ble
(Tm'i-ta-b'l), a. Capable or worthy of being
copied. — Im'i-ta-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-t^), Im'i-ta-
ble-ness, n. — Im'i-ta'tton (-ta'shun), n. An
imitating ; likeness ; resemblance. — Im'l-ta-
tlv© (tm'T-ta-tiv), a. Inclined to imitate;
formed after a pattern or original.

Im-mac'U-late ( im-m5k'u-lat ), a. Spotless ;
without blemish ; pure.

Im'ma-lient (Tm'ma-nent), a. Inherent ; inter-
nal ; intrinsic. — Im'ma-nence ( Im'ma-nens ),
Im'ma-nen-cy (-nen-sy), n.

Im-man'U-el (im-man'u-gl), n. God with us ; —
an appellation of the Savior.

Im'ma-te'ri-al (Tm'ma-te'rT-flfl), a. Not consist-
ing of matter; spiritual; of no essential conse-
quence ; unimportant. — Im'ma-te'ri-al-ly, adv.

— Im'ma-te'ri-al-ness, n.— Im'ma-te'ri-al-ism
(-iz'm), n. Doctrine of spiritual existence apart
from matter.— im'ma-te'ri-al-ist (-Tst), n. A
believer in immaterialism. — Im'ma-te'ri-al'1-ty
(-Sl'T-ty), n. Quality of being immaterial.

Im'ma-ture' (Tm'ma-tur'), a. Not mature ; un-
ripe ; crude ; unfinished ; premature ; too early.

— Im'ma-ture'ly, adv. — Im'ma-ture'ness,
Im'ma-tu'ri-ty (-tu'rT-t^), n.

Im-meas'UT-a-ble (Tm-mSzli'ur-a-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being measured ; illimitable. — Im-meas'-
ur-a-bly, adv.

Im-me'di-ate (Tra-me'di-at), a. Not separated by

fSm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

IMMEDIATELY

204

IMPENDENCE

time or by anything intervening ; present ; act-
ing by direct agency. — Im-me'di-ate-ly (Tm-
nie'dT-at-ly), adv. — Im-me'di-ate-ness, n.

Imrae-mo'ri-al (Tm/me-mo'rT-al), a. Beyond the
reach of memory ; out of mind. — Im'me-mo'ri-
al-ly, adv.

Im-mense7 (Tm-mens'), a. Unlimited; very
great ; huge ; vast ; enormous. — Im-mense/ly,
adv. — Im-men'si-ty (-men'sT-ty), n. Unlim-
ited extension ; infinity ; greatness.

Im-merse/ (Tni-niers'), v. t. [Immersed (-mersf) ;
Immersing.] To plunge into (a fluid, etc.); to
engage deeply ; to involve. — Im-mer'sion
(-mer'shun), w. An immersing; state of being
immersed or deeply engaged.

Im'me-thod'ic-al (Tm ' me - thod ' T - kerl), a. Not
methodical ; wanting method ; confused ; dis-
orderly. — Im'me-tliod'ic-al-ly, adv. — Im'-
me-thod'ic-al-ness, n.

Im'mi-grate (Tm'mT-grat), v. i. To remove into a
country for residence. — Im/mi-giant (-grant),
n. One who immigrates — Im ' mi - gra ' tion
(-gra'shun), re. An immigrating.

Im'mi-nent (Tm'inT-nent), a. Impending ; threat-
ening ; near; at hand. — Im'mi-nence (-nens),
n. Quality or condition of being imminent ;
impending evil or danger.

Im-mis'ci-ble (Tm-mls'sT-b'l), a. Not capable of
being mixed. — Im-mis'ci-Dil'i-ty (-bTl'T-t^), re.

Im-mit' (Im-mTt/), v. I. [Immitted; Immitting.]
To send in ; to infuse. — Im-mis'sion (-mTsh'Qn),
re. A sending or thrusting in ; injection.

Im-mix' (Tm-mTks'), v. t. To mix ; to mingle.

Im'mo-bil'i-ty (Tm'nio-bTll-t^). n. Resistance
to motion ; fixedness.

Im-mod'er-ate (Tm-mod'er-at), a. Not moderate ;
not confined to suitable limits ; excessive ; un-
reasonable ; intemperate. — Im-mod'er-ate-ly,
adv. — Im-mod'er-ate-ness, n.

Im-mod'est (Tni-mod'est), a. Not limited to due
bounds ; immoderate ; indelicate ; indecent ;
lewd ; obscene. — Im-mod'est-ly, adv. — Im-
mod'es-ty (-es-ty), re. Want of modesty, deli-
cacy, or decent reserve.

Im'mo-late (Tm'm6-lat), v. t. To sacrifice; to
kill (a victim). —Im' mo -la 'tor (-la'ter), re. —
Im mo-la'tion (-la'shun), re. An immolating ;
sacrifice.

Im-mor'al (Tm-m5r'<zl), a. Not moral ; contrary
to conscience or law ; wicked ; dishonest ; dis-
solute; obscene. — Im-mor'al-ly, adv. — Im/-
mo-ral'i-ty (Trn'mo-rSl'T-tJ), re. Quality of be-
ing immoral ; an immoral act or practice.

Im-mor'tal(Tm-m6r'tal), a. Not mortal; eternal;
never-en ling ; ceaseless; imperishable. — Im-
mor'tal-ly, adv. — Im'mor-tal'i-ty (Ym'mdr-
t51'T-ty), re. Quality of being immortal; ex-
emption from oblivion. — Im-mor'tal-ize (-m6r'-
t«Z-iz), v. t. To perpetuate ; to render famous.

Immortelle' (Tm-m5r-tSl'), re. An unwithering
flowering plant ; everlasting.

Im-mov'a-ble (Tm-mobv'a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being moved ; fast; unalterable; hard-hearted.
— Im mov'a-bly, adv. — Im-mov'a-bil'1-ty
(-bTl'i-ty), Im-mov'a-ble-ness. n.

Immune' (Tm-mun'), a. Exempt ; protected by
inoculation. — Im-mu'nl-ty (Tin-niu'nT-ty), n.
Exemption from charge, duty, etc. ; a particular
privilege. — Im-mu'nlZO (-niz), v. I.

Immure' (Ym-mur'), v. t. [Immured (-murd') ;
Immuring.] To inclose within walls; to confine.

Im-mu'ta-ble (Tm-mu'ta-b'l), a. Not mutable;
unchangeable ; invariable ; unalterable. — Im-
mu'ta-bly, adv. — Im-mu'ta-ble-ness, Im-mu'-
ta-bil'i-ty (-bll'I-ty), re.

Imp (imp), re. A young or puny devil ; a little
demon.

Im-pact' (Tm-pakt'),r. t. To drive close ; to press
firmly together. — Im'pact (Im'pakt), re. Col-
lision ; force communicated ; instantaneous
blow of a body in motion against another.

Im-pair' (Tin-paV), v. t. [Impaired (-pSrd') ; Im-
pairing. ] To mak e worse ; to injure ; to weaken ;
to enfeeble. — Im-pair'©!", re.

Im-pale' (Tin-pal'), v. t. [Impaled (-paid') ; Im-
paling.] To fix on a stake ; to iuclose with
stakes or palisades. — Im-pale'ment (-ment), n.
An impaling ; space inclosed by p~les, etc.

Im-pal'pa-ble (Tm-pal'pa-b'l), a. Not palpable ;
not to be felt or perceived by touch or by the
mind. — Im-pal'pa-bly, adv. — Im-pal'pa-bil'-
i-ty (-bTl'T-ty), re.

Im-pan'el (Tm-pan'el), v. t. [Impaneled (-eld)
or Impanelled ; Impaneling or Impanelling.]
To enter (names of a jury) in a list ; to form (a
list of jurors).

Im-par'i-ty (Tm - par ' I - 1$), n. Inequality ; dis-
proportion.

Im-part' (Tm-parf ), v. t. To bestow a share or
portion of ; to make known ; to communicate ;
to share ; to disclose ; to divulge. — v. i. To
give a part or share. — Im-part'er, re.

Im-par'tial (Tm-par'shal), a. Not partial ; un-
prejudiced ; disinterested ; just. — Im-p&r'tial-
ly, adv. — Im-par'ti-al'i-ty (Tm-par'shT-al'I-ty'
or Tm'par-shSll-ty), re.

Im-pass'a-ble (Tm-pas'a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being passed ; impenetrable ; pathless.

Im-pas'si-ble (Tm-paVsY-b'l), a. Incapable of
suffering ; without sensation. — Im-pas'Si-Dil'i-
ty (-bTl'T-ty), Im-pas'si-ble-ness, n.

Im-pas'sion-ate (Tm-paWiin-at), ?'. /. To affect
powerfully. — Im-pas'sioned (-und), a. Actu-
ated by passion ; animated ; excited.

Im-pas'sive (Tm-paVsTv), a. Not susceptible of
pain or suffering ; insensible ; impassible. — Im-
pas'sive-ly, adv. — Im-pas'sive-ness, re.

Im-pa'tient (,Tm-pa'shent), a. Not patient ; un-
easy ; restless ; hasty. — Im-pa'tient-ly, adv. —
Im-pa'tience (-shens), re. Want of patience ;
restlessness ; violence ; passion.

Im-peach' (Jni-pech'), v. t. [Impeached (-pechf) ;
Impeaching.] To charge with crime or with
misbehavior in office; to call in question; to
censure to criminate; to indict. — Im-peach'er,
n. — Im-peach'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Liable to im-
peachment. — Im-peach'ment (-ment), n. A
calling to account ; arraignment ; blame.

Im-pec'ca-ble (Tin-pPk'ka-b'l), a. Not liable to
sin. — Im-pec'ca-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-ty), n.

Im'pe-CU'ni-OUS (Tm'pe-ku'nl-Qs), n. Not having
money ; poor. — Im'pe-CU'ni-OS'i-ty (-5s'T-ty),
n. Poverty ; lack of money.

Im-pede' (Tm-ped'), r. t. To hinder ; to obstruct.
— Im-ped'1-ment (-ped'T-ment), n. Hindrance ;
obstacle ; difficulty.

Im-pel' (Tm-pgl'), v. t. [Impelled (-pSld') ; Im-
pelling.] To urge forward ; to actuate ; to
move. — Im-pel'ler, n. — Im-pellent (-lent), n.
Impelling, —n. A force that drives forward.

Im-pend' (Tm-pend'), r. i. To hang over ; to men-
ace ; to be imminent. —Im-pend'ence (-€ns),

a, 5, 1, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, u, y, abort ; senate, ivent, idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

DEPENDENCY

205

IMPOSE

Im-pend'en-cy ( lin-pend'en-sy ), n. State of
impending ; menacing attitude.
Im-pen'e-tra-ble (ini-pen'e-tra-b'1), a. Incapable
of being penetrated ; inaccessible to knowledge,
reason, sympathy, etc. — lm-pen'e-tra-bly, adv.

— Im-pen'e-tra-ble-ness, Im-pen e-tra-biPi-1y
(-bTl'I-iy), n.

Im-pen'i-teat (Trn-pen'T-tent), a. Not penitent ;
not repenting of sin ; obdurate. — n. A hard-
ened sinner ; a reprobate. — lm-pen'i-tent-ly,
adv. — Im-pen'i-tence (-tens), Im-pen'i-ten-cy
(-ten-sy), n

Im-per'a-tive (Tm-peVa-tTv), a. Expressive of
command ; authoritative ; obligatory ; binding.

— Im-per'a-tive-ly, adv.
Im/per-cep'ti-ble (iin'per-sep'ti-b'1), a. Not per-
ceptible ; insensiole ; very small, fine, or 6low.

— Im'per-cep'ti-bly, adv. — Im'per-cep'ti-ble-
ness, lmper-cep ti-biPi-ty (-o!i'i-iy), n.

Im-per'iect (lin-per'iekt), a. Sot perfect ; not
complete ; defective. — Im-per 'fect-ly, adv. —
Im-per'fect-ness, n. — Im per iec'tion (Tm'per-
fek'shuu), n. Quality or condition of Deing im-
perfect ; defect ; fault ; blemish ; vice.

iBl-pe'ri-al (Tm-pe'rT-al), a. Pertaining to an
empire or emperor; sovereign; supreme. — n.
Tuft of hair on a man's lower lip ; article of
large size, as a photograph, sheet of paper, etc.

— Im - pe ' ri - al - ly, adv. — Im-pe'ri-ai-ism
(-Iz'ui), n. Power or character of an emperor ;
imperial authority ; spirit of empire. — Im-pe'-
Zl-a-list (-fat), n. One who serves an emperor
or favors imperialism. — Im-pe'ri-aPi-ty (,-al'T-
ty), n. Imperial power, right, or privilege.

Im-per'il (Ttn-peVIl), v. t. To bring into peril ;
to endanger.

Im-pe'ri-OUS (Tm - pe ' ri - us), a. Commanding ;
authoritative ; haughty ; arrogant ; despotic ;
pressing. — Im-pe'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Im-pe'ri-
ous-ness, n.

Im-per'ish-a-ble (lm-perlsh-a-Vl), a. Not per-
ishable ; indestructible. — lm-per'ish-a-bly,
adv. — Im-per/ish-a-ble-ness, Im-per isa-a-
biPi-ty (-bil'I-ty), n.

Im-per'me-a-ble (im-per'me-a-b'l), a. Not per-
meable ; impervious. — Im-per me-a-biPi-ty
(-a-bil'I-ty), n.

Im-per'son-al (Tin-per'sun-al), a. Not personal ;
not representing a person ; not having person-
alty. — Im-per'soa-al-ly, adv. —Im-per son-aP-
i-ty (-al'I-ty), n.

Im-per'30n-ate (Tm-per'sun-at), v. t. To invest
witli personality; to personate. — Im-per S0H-
a^tion (-a'shun), Imper-son'i-fi-ca'tion lim'-
per- Oii'i-fT-ka'siiuii), n. An impersonating.

Im-per'tl-nent (im-per'tf-iient), a. Not pertinent ;
having :io bearing on the subject ; inapplicable ;
contrary to the rules of propriety or good-breed-
ing ; saucy ; impudent ; insolent. — Im-per'ti-
neat-ly, adv. — Im-per'ti-nence (-neusj, u.

Im'per-tUT'ba-ble (iWper-tfir'na-o'1), a. Not to
be luturbed or agitated. — Im per-tur'ba-bly,
adv. — Im per-tur ba-biPi-ty (- oli'i-ty), n.

Im-per'vi-ous (Im-per'vl-fia), a. Not pervious;
im p .t -sable ; pathless ; impenetrable. — Im-per'-
vi-ous-ly, adv. — Im-per'vi-ous-ness, n.

Im'pe-tus (Trn'pe-tus), n. Momentum ; force of
motion— Im-pet'U-OUS (Tru-pet'u -us), n. Ruah-
ing witli violence ; hasty ; precipitate ; passion-
ate. — Im-pet'u-ous-ly, adv. — Im-pet'u-ous-
ness. Im-pet u-os'l -ty (-osT-ty), n.

Im-pPe-ty (Tm-pPe-ty), n. Quality of being im-
pious.

Im-pinge' (Tm-pTnj'), v. i. [Impinged (-pTnjd') ;
Impinging.] To fall or dash against ; to strike ;
to hit.

Im'pi-OUS (Tm'pT-us), a. Not pious ; irreligious ;
profane; manifesting want of reverence for
God. — Im'pi-ous-ly, adv. — Im'pi-ous-ness,

lm-pi'6-ty (Iw-pi'e-ty), n.

Im-pla'ca-ble (Iiu-pla'ka-b'l), a. Not capable of
being pacified ; inexorable ; relentless. — Im-
pla'ca-bly, adv. — Im-pla'ca-biPi-ty (-bTl'I-
ty), n.

Im-planP (Tin-plant'), V. i. To set ; to plant ; to
inhx. — Im'plan-ta'tion (Tm'plan-ta'shun), n.
An implanting.

Im-plead' (Im-pled'), v. t. To sue at law. — Im-
plead'er, n.

Im'ple-ment (Im'ple-inent), n. Instrument ; tool ;
utensil.

Im'plex (Tm'pleks), a. Infolded ; intricate ; com-
plicated. — Im'pli-cate (-pll-kat), v. t. To in-
fold; to connect in many relations ; to show to be
connected or concerned. — Im'pli-ca'tiOn (-ka7-
shuu), n. An implicating ; state ol being impli-
cated ; entanglement ; inierence.

Im-plic'it (Tm-plis'Tt), a. Fairly to be under-
stood, though not expressed in words ; implied ;
trusting to the word of another, without re-
serve ; unquestioning ; complete. — Im-plic'it-
ly, adv.— Im-plic'it-ness, n.

Implore' (Tm-plor'), v. t. [Implored (-plord')-,
Imploring.] To call upon earnestly ; to be-
seech ; to crave ; to entreat ; to beg. — Im-plor'-
er, n. — Im-plor'ing-ly, adv.

Im-ply' (Tm-pli'), r. t. [Implied (Ym-phcP) ; Im-
plying.] To contaiu by implication ; to include
virtually ; to involve ; to import ; to signify.

Im-pol'i-cy (tm-pol'i-s^), n. Inexpedience ; bad
policy.

Im/po-lite7 (Tm/po-llf), a. Not polite ; unciviL

— Im politely, adv. — Im'po-lite'ness, n.
Im-poPi-tic (tm-poPi-tik), a. Not politic ; indis-
creet ; inexpedient.

Im-pon'der-a-ble (iiu-pon'der-a-b'l), a. Not pon-
derable ; without sensible weight. — Im-poiP-
der-a-biPi-ty (-bll'T-ty), n.

Im-por'ous (im-por'us), a. Destitute of pores;
compact in texture ; solid. — Im'po-ros'i-ty
(Tm'po-ros'T-ty), n. Want of porosity.

Im-port' (i in-port'), v. t. To bring in from abroad
or from another country ; to mean ; to sisniiiy ;
to denote; to concern. — Im'port (Tm'j orf),
n. Tiling imported ; signification ; moment. —

Im-port'er (-port'er), n. — Im-port'a-ble, a. —

Im-por'tance (-pSr'tans), n. Q iality of being
important; consequence; moment; significance.

— Im-por'tant (-tant), a. Carrying weight or
consequence; momentous; serious; necessary.

— Im por-ta'tion (Im'por-ta'shun), n. An im-
porting ; goods imported.

Im'por-tune' (Tm'por-tun'), v. t. [Importuned
(-luu.I'j ; Importuning.] To request with ur-
gency ; to press with solicitation ; to tease. —
Im'por-tu'ni-ty (-tu'm-ty), n. Pressing so-
licitation; urgent request. — Im-por'tu-nate
(Tni-por'tu-iiat), a. Troublesoniely urgent; per-
tinacious in solicitation. — Im-por'tu-na-cy (-na-
sy)» n. Quality of being importunate. — Im-
por'tu-nate-ly, adv.

Im-pose' (Im-poz'), v. t. [Imposed (Tm-pozd') ;

f&n, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, tluu.

IMPOSER

206

IMPULSE

IMPOSING.] To lay on ; to place ; to deposit. —
V. i. To deceive. — lm-pos'er (Tm-poz'er), n.
— Im-pos'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being im-
posed.— Im-pos'ing, a. Impressive; command-
ing ; deceiving ; misleading. — n. Preparation
of forms of type for printing. — Imposing
Stone. Stone on which types are imposed or
made into forms. — Im'po-si'tion (Tm/po-zTsh'-
un), n. An imposing, laying on, inflicting, ob-
truding, etc. ; charge ; burden ; tax ; fraud ; im-
posture ; deception put on others ; a laying on
of the hands as a religious ceremony.

Im-pos'si-Dle (Tm-p5s'sT-b'l), a. Not possible ; in-
capable of being done ; impracticable. — Im-pos'-
si-bly, adv. — Im-pos'si-bil'i-ty (-bli'i-ty), n.

Im'post (Tm'post), n. Tribute, ; duty ; a tax on
goods imported into a country ; the
part of a pillar on which weight rests.

Im-post'hu-mate (Tm-post'hu-niat), v. i.
To form an abscess. — v. t. To affect
with an abscess. — Im-post/hu-ma'-
tion (-ma' shun), lm - post ' hume
(-hum), n. Collection of pus in an
animal body ; abscess. — v. t. & i. To
form an abscess.

Im-pos'tor (Tm-p5s'ter), n. One who
imposes upon others ; cheat ; rogue ;
pretender. — Im-pos'tor-ship, n. Con-
dition or practice of an impostor. —
Im-pos'ture (-tur), n. Cheat; fraud ; Tmpost#
imposition.

Im'po-tent (Tm'po-tent), a. Not potent; want-
ing adequate power or vigor. — n. One feeble
or infirm. — Im'po-tent-ly, adv. — Im'po-tence
(-tens), Im'po-ten-cy (-ten-sjf), n. Want of
power ; weakness ; imbecility.

Im-poiUld' (Im-pound'), v. t. To confine in a
pound or within limits.

Im-poVer-ish (Tni-p5v'er-Tsh), v. t. [Impover-
ished (-isht) ; Impoverishing.] To make poor ;
to reduce to poverty ; to exhaust the fertility of.

— Im-pov'er-ish-ment (-ment), n. Reduction
to poverty.

Im-prac'tl-ca-ble (Tm-pr5k'tT-ka-b'l), a. Not
practicable ; incapable of being accomplished ;
not easily managed or dealt with. — Im-prac'ti-
ca-bly, adv. — lm - prac ' ti - ca - ble - ness, Im-
prac'ti-ca-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-ty), n.

Im'pre-cate (Tm'pre-kat), v. I. To invoke (a
curse) upon ; to swear at. — Im'pre-ca'tion
(-ka'shun), n. Malediction ; curse ; execration.

— Im'pre-Ca-tO-ry (Tm'pre-ka-t6-ry), a. Male-
dictory.

Im'pre-ci'sion (Tm'pre-sTzh'un), n. Want of pre-
cision or exactness.

Im-preg'na-ble (Tm-prSg'ua-b'l), a. Not to be
taken by assault ; invincible. — Im-preg'na-bly,
adv.

Im-preg'nate (Tm-prSg'»at), v. t. To make preg-
nant ; to fertilize ; to infuse particles of another
substance into. — lm preg-na'tion ( Tin ' preg-
na'shtin), n. An impregnating; mixture of
parts ; infusion ; saturation.

IllnVpre-sa'ri-O (em'pra-sii're-6), n. A manager
of an opera company.

Im'pre-scrip'ti-ble (Tm'pre-skrTp'tY-b'l), a. Not
capable of being lost, impaired, or alienated ;
not depending on external authority. — InV-
pre-scrip'ti-bly, adv.

Impress' (Tm-preV), v. t. [Impressed (-prSsf) ;
Impressing.] To press ; to stamp ; to imprint;

to take by force for public service. — Im'press
(Tm'pres), n. Mark made by pressure ; indenta-
tion ; imprint ; stamp ; influence wrought on the
mind; act of impressing for the public service.

— Im-press'i-ble (-pres'T-b'l), a. Capable of
being impressed ; susceptive ; sensitive. — Im-
press' i-bil'i-ty ( -bli'T-ty ), n. — Im-pres'sion
(-presh'Qn), n. Stamp ; mark ; print ; edition ;
influence ; effect. — Im-pres'sion-a-ble (-a-b'l),
a. Susceptible of impression. — Im-press'iv©
(Tm-preVTv), a. Producing an impression ; ef-
fective. — Im-press'ive-ly, adv. — Im-press'-
ive-ness, n. — Im-press'ment, n. Seizure for
public use.

Illm/pri-ma'tm (Tm'pri-ma'tur), n. [L., Let it
be printed.] A license to print a book, etc.

Illm-pri'mis (Ym-pri'mYs), adv. In the first place.

Im-print/ (Ym-prYnf), v. t. To impress ; to mark
by pressure ; to stamp (letters on paper, by
means of types) ; to fix indelibly (on the mind or
memory). — Im'print (tm'print), n. Whatever
is printed ; name cf the printer or publisher,
etc., on the title-page of a book.

Im-pris'on (Yrn-prYz"n), v. I. [Imprisoned (-'nd) ;
Imprisoning.] To put into a prison ; to confine ;
to immure. — Im-pris'on-ment (-ment), n. In-
carceration ; custody ; confinement.

Im-prob'a-ble (Ym-prob'a-b'l), a. Not probable;
unlikely to be true. — Im-proVa-bly, adv.—
Im-prob'a-bil'i-ty (-Ml'l-ty), n.

Im-prob'i-ty (Ym-prSb'Y-ty), n. Absence of prob-
ity ; dishonesty.

Im-promp'tu (Ym-prSmp'tu), adv. & a. Offhand ;
without previous study.— n. An offhand com-
position.

Im-prop'er (Tm-pr5prer), a. Not proper ; unfit ;
indecent. — Im-prop'er-ly, adv. — Im'pro-pri'-
e-ty (Yin'pro-pri'e-ty), n. Unfitness; unsuit-
able act, expression, etc.

Im-prove' ( Ym-probv'), v. t. [Improved (-proovd') ;
Improving.] To make better; to employ to
good purpose ; to mend ; to correct ; to rectify.

— v. i. To grow better. — Im-proVer, n. — Im-
prov'a-ble (-proov'a-b'l), a. Capable of being
improved ; susceptible of improvement. — Im-
prov'a-ble-ness, n. — Im-prove'ment, n. Prog-
ress toward something better ; anything added
in order to improve something else.

Im-prov'i-dent (Tni-proVT-dent), a. Not provi-
dent ; negligent ; careless ; heedless. — Im-
prov'i-dent-ly, adv. — Im-prov'i-dence (-dens),
n. Neglect of foresight.

Im'pro-Vise' (Ym'pro-viz'), v. t. &i. [Improvised
(-vizd') ; Improvising.] To compose extempo-
raneously. — lm pro-vis'er, n. — Im-prov'i-sa'-
tlon (-prSv'Y-sa'shun), n. Act or art of compos-
ing (music, poetry, etc.) extemporaneously.

Im pru'dent (Ym-pru'dent), a. Not prudent;
wanting discretion ; injudicious ; incautious ;
heedless ; rash. — Im-pru'dent-ly, adv. — Im-
pru'dence (-dens), n. Quality of being impru-
dent.

Im'pu-dent (Tm'pu-dent), a. Bold, with disre-
gard of others ; wanting modesty ; shameless ;
audacious ; immodest ; rude ; sr.ucy ; insolent.

— Im'pu-dent-ly, adv. — Im'pu-dence (-dens),
7i. Audacity : Bhameleasnesa ; want of modesty.

Im-pugn' (Tin-pun'), '■• t. [Impugned (-pund') ;

Impugning.] To contradict; to oppose; to

question.
Im'pulse (Tm'puls), n. Act of impelling ; force

£, e, 1, 5, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; seuftte, fivent, Idea, 6bey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

IMPULSION

207

INCARNATION

communicated ; sudden motion exciting to ac-
tion; impression ; instigation. — Im - pul ' Sion
(-pul'shun), n. An impelling or driving on-
ward; impulse. —Im-pul'sive (-siv), a. Hav-
ing power of impelling ; actuated by impulse. —
Im-pul'sive-ly, adv. — Im-pul'sive-ness, n.

Im-pu'nl-ty (Im-pu'nT-tjf), n. Exemption from
punishment, injury, or loss; security.

Im-pure' (Tm-pur'), a. Not pure ; foul ; unholy ;
unchaste ; lewd ; obscene. — Invpure'ly, adv.

— Im-pure'ness, Im-pu/ri-ty (-pu'ri-ty), n.
Im-pute' (im-put'),t\ t. To charge ; to ascribe ; to

attribute. — Im-put'er, n. — Im-put'a-ble (-puf-
a-b'l), a. Chargeable ; attributable. — Im-put'-
a-ble-ness, ».— InVpu-ta'tion (Tm'pu-ta'shun),
n. An imputing ; a charge ; censure ; reproach.

— Im-put'a-tive (-put'a-tiv), a. Coming by im-
putation ; imputed. — Im-put'a-tive-ly, adv.

In (in), prep. Within ; inside of ; surrounded by ;
present. — adv. Not out ; inside. — n. One in
office; — opposed to out; a reentrant angle; a
nook ; a corner.

In'a-bil'i-ty (in'a-bil'i-ty), n. Lack of ability ;
disability.

In/ac-cess'i-ble (Tn'Sk-seVT-b'l), a. Not access-
ible ; not to be reached or obtained. — In/ac-
cess'i-bly, adv. — In'ac-cess'i-ble-ness, In'ac-
cess'i-bil'i-ty (-bTl'I-ty), n.

In-ac'CU-rate (ln-Sk'ku-iat), a. Not accurate ;
displaying want of attention ; erroneous. — In-
ac'cu-rate-ly, adv. — In-ac'cu-ra-cy (-ra-sy), n.

Want of accuracy ; fault ; error ; blunder.
ln-ac'tlon (Tn-Sk'shun), n. Want of action ; idle-
ness ; rest. — In-ac'tive (-tiv), a. Not active
or busy ; idle ; dull ; lazy. — la-ac'tive-ly, adv.

— In'ac-tiv'i-ty (Tn'ak-tT v'T-ty), n.
In-ad'e-quate (Tn-£d'e-kwat), a. Not adequate ;

unequal to the purpose ; insufficient ; incapable.

— In-ad'e-quate-ly, adv. — In - ad ' e - qua - cy
(-kwa-sy), In-ad'e-quate-ness, n.

In'ad-mis'si-ble (in'Sd-mTs'sT-b'1), a. Not ad-
missible ; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or
received. — In'ad-mis'si-bly, adv. — In ' ad -
mis'si-bil'i-ty (-bTl'i-ty), n.

In'ad-vert'ent (Tn'Sd-vert'ent), a. Not turning
the mind to a matter ; careless ; negligent. —
In'ad-vert'ent-ly, adv. — In' ad- vert'ence
(-ens), In'ad-vert'en-cy (-en-sy), n. Quality of
being inadvertent ; oversight ; mistake ; fault.

In-al'ien-a-ble (Tn-al'yen-a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being alienated, or transferred to another. —
In-al'ien-a-bly, adv.

In-ane' (Tn-an'), a. Empty ; void of sense or in-
telligence. — In-an'i-ty (-5ii'T-ty), n. Empti-
ness ; senselessness ; frivolity. — In'a-ni'tion
(-a-msh'un), n. Inanity ; exhaustion from want
of food.

In-an'i-mate (Tn-Sn'T-raat), a. Not animate ; des-
titute of life or spirit ; inert ; dull ; spiritless.

In'a-ni'tion, In-an'i-ty, n. See under Inane, a.

In-ap'pli-ca-ble (Tn-ap'plT-ka-b'l), a. Not appli-
cable ; not suited to the purpose ; inappropriate.

— In-ap'pli-ca-bly, adv. — In-ap'pli-ca-bil'i-ty
(-ka-bll'I-ty), n. — In-ap'pli-ca'tion (-plT-ka'
shun), n. Want of application or attention
negligence ; indolence.

In'ap-pre'ci-a-ble (Tn'ap-pre'shT-a-b'l), a. Not
appreciable ; too small to be perceived.

In'ap-pro'pri-ate (Tn'ap-pro'prT-at), a. Unbecom-
ing ; unsuitable. — In/ap-pro'pri-ate-ly, adv. —
In'ap-pro'pri-ate-ness, n.

Unapt ; not apt ; unsuitable.

- In-apt'ness, In-apt'i-tude

Inarching.
Want of atten-

In-apt' (Tn-5pt'), a.

— In-apt'ly, adv.
(-i-tud), n.

In-arch' (Tn-arch'), v. t. To graft by uniting (a
scion) to a stock, without separating it from its
parent tree. — In-arch'ing, n.

In'ar-tic'u-late(Tu'ar-tlk'u-iat),
a. Not articulate ; not dis-
tinct, or with distinction of
syllables ; not jointed. — In'-
ar-tic'u-late-ly, adv. — In'ar-
tic'u-late-ness, In ' ar - tic ' u -

la'tion (-la'shun), n.

In-ar'ti-fi'ciaKln-ar'tl-fish'fli),
a. Not artificial or made by
art ; artless ; simple ; natural.

In'as-much' (In'az-much'), adv.
Seeing that ; considering that ;
since.

In'at-ten'tion (Tu'St-ten'shun), n.

tion or consideration ; heedlessness ; thought-
lessness; neglect. — In'at-ten'tive (-tiv), a.
Not attentive ; negligent ; remiss. — In'at-ten'-
tive-ly, adv.

In-au'di-ble (m-a'dT-b'l), a. Not audible ; not to
be heard ; noiseless ; silent. — In-au'di-bly, adv.

In-au'gU-ral (Tn-a'gu-ral), a. Pertaining to an
inauguration. — a. An inaugural address. —
In-au'gU-rate (-rat), v. t. To induct into office ;
to cause to begin ; to consecrate ; to dedicate.

— In-augU-ra'tion (-la'shun), n. An inaugu-
rating ; formal beginning of any movement, ac-
tion, etc. — In-au'gu-ra-to-ry ( -ra-t6-ry ), a.
Pertaining to inauguration.

In'aus-pi'ClOUS (Tn'as-pTsh'Qs), a. Not auspi-
cious; ill-omened ; unfavorable. — In'aus-pi'-
cious-ly, adv. — In'ans-pi'cious-ness, n.

In'born' (Tn'bSm'), a. Born in or with ; implant-
ed by nature ; innate.

In-cage' (in-kaj'), v. t. To confine in a cage ; to
inclose.

In-cal'cu-la-ble (Tn-kSl'ku-la-b'i), a. Not to be
calculated ; beyond calculation.

In'ca-les'cent (Tn'ka-leVsent), a. Growing warm ;
increasing in heat. — In'ca-les'cence (-sens), n.

In'can-des'cent (Tn'kan-dgs'sent), a. White or
glowing with heat. — In'can-des'cence (-sens),
n. A white heat ; glowing whiteness caused by
intense heat.

In'can-ta'tion (Tn'kan-ta'shun), n. Singing or re-
cital of formulas, by way of enchanting ; en-
chantment. — In-cant'a-to-ry (-kant'a-to-rjr), a.
Dealing by enchantment ; magical.

In-ca'pa-ble (Tn-ka'pa-b'l), a. Not large enough
to contain or hold ; insufficient : unfit ; disqual-
ified. — In-ca'pa-bly, adv. — In-ca'pa-bil'i-ty
(-bil'T-ty), n.

In'ca-pac'i-ty ( Tn'ka-pas'T-t^), n. Want of capaci-
ty, of intellectual power, or of legal competency ;
incapability ; unfitness ; disqualification. — In'-
ca-pac'i-tate (-tat), v. t. To deprive of capacity
or power ; to disable ; to disqualify. — In'ca-
pac'i-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. Disqualification.

In-car'cer-ate (Tn-kar'ser-at), v. t. To imprison.

— In - car ' cer - a ' tion (-a'shun), n. Imprison-
ment.

In-car'nate (Tn-kiir'nat), v. t. To clothe with, or
embody in, flesh. — a. Invested with flesh ; em-
bodied in human form. — In'car-na'tion (-na'-
shun), n. A clothing with flesh ; personifica-
tion.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, uxn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

INCASE

208

INCOMPATIBLE

In-case' (Tn-kas'), v. t. [Incased (-kastf) ; Incas-
ing.] To inclose in a case.

In-cail'tl0US (lu-ka/skus), a. Not cautious ; in
discreet ; imprudent. — In-cau'ti0US-ly, adv.

— In-cau'tious-ness, n.

In-cen'di-a-ry (lu-sen'di-a-ry), n. One who ma-
liciously sets lire to a house or excites strife ;
an agitator. — a. Pertaining to the malicious
burning of a dwelling ; inflammatory ; seditious.

In'cense (Tn'sens), v. t. [Incensed (Tn'senst) ;
Incensing.] To perfume with incense. — n.
Perfume exhaled by burning spices, gums, etc.

In-cense' (In-sens'), v. t. [Incensed (in-sensf) ;
Incensing.] To inflame to anger ; to enrage ; to
provoke.

In-cen'tlve (Tn-sgn'tTv), a. Inciting; encoura-
ging.— n. Motive; stimulus; encouragement.

In-cep'tion (ln-sep'shiin), n. Beginning; com-
mencement. — In-cep'tlve (-tiv), a. Begin-
ning ; expressing or indicating beginning.

In-cer'ti-tude (Tn-ser'ti-tud), n. Uncertainty;
doubt.

Xn-ces'sant (Tn-seVsant), a. Unceasing ; contin-
ual ; perpetual. — In-ces'sant-ly, adv.

In'cest (Tu'sgst), n. Cohabitation between per-
sons within prohibited degrees of kindred. —
In-ces'tU-OUS (Tn-ses'tu-us), a. Guilty of, or
involving, incest. — In-ces'tU-OUS-ly, adv. — In-
ces'tu-ous-ness, n.

Inch (Inch), n. The twelfth part of a foot.

In'cho-ate (Tn'ko-at), a. Recently begun ; incom-
plete. — In'cho-a'tion ( In ' ko - a ' shun ), n. A
beginning ; commencement ; inception. — In-
ChO'a-tive (Tn-ko'a-tTv), a. Expressing begin-
ning ; inceptive.

In'ci-dent (Tn'sT-dent), a. Falling on ; happening
accidentally; casual.— n. That which usually
happens ; circumstance ; event ; chance ; casu-
alty. — In'ci-dence (-dens), n. Direction in
which a body, ray of light or heat, etc., falls
on a surface. — In'ci-den'tal (Tn'si-den't«l), a.
Happening, as an occasional event ; accidental ;
casual ; contingent. — n. An incident. — In'Ci-
den'tal-ly, adv. Without intention ; acciden-
tally ; beside the main design.

In-Ctn'er-ate (Tn-sTn'er-at), v. t. To burn to ashes.

— In-cin'er-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A reducing to
ashes by combustion.

In-cip'I-ent (Tn-sTp'T-ent), a. Beginning; com-
mencing. — In-cip'i-ent-ly, adv.— In-cip'1-ence
(-ens), In-cip'i-en-cy (-en-s^), n. Commence-
ment.

In-cise' (Tn-siz'), v. t. [Incised (-sizd') ; Incis-
ing.] To cut in ; to carve ; to
engrave. — In-cised' (-sizd'), a.
Cut in ; engraved ; having deep
and sharp notches. — In-ci'sion
(-sTzh'un), n. A cutting into a
substance; cut; gash. — In-Ci'-
Sive(-8i'sTv),a. Cutting; pene-
trating ; sharp ; acute ; sarcas-
tic ; biting. — In-Ci'SOr (-zer),
n. A cutter ; fore tooth. — In- ,
Ci'SO-ry(-z<Wy),". Having the Incised Leal,
quality of cutting. — In-cls'ure (-sizh'ur),rc. A
cut ; incision.

In-Cite7 (Tn-sif), v. t. To move to action ; to
stimulate; to instigate; to ur«,"' ; to animate.

— In-cit'er, n. — In-cit' ant (-sitant), n. That
which incites or causes; stimulant. — In'Cl-ta'-
tlon (Tn'sY-ta'shiin), n. Incitement ; motive ;

incentive. — In-cite'ment (-sit'ment), n. Mo-
tive ; incentive ; impulse ; encouragement.

In'ci-vil'i-ty (Tu'sT-vTl'i-ty), n. Quality of being
uncivil ; unmanuerliness ; rudeness.

In-Clem'ent (in-klem'ent), a. Not clement ; un-
merciful ; severe ; stormy ; rigorously cold, etc.

— In-clem'en-cy (-en-sy^ ), n. Condition of being
inclement ; harshness ; severe cold.

In-Cline' (In-klin'), v. t. & i. [Inclined (-klind') ;
Inclining.] To lean ; to bend ; to be disposed.

— n. Slope; grade. — Inclined plane. A plane
that makes an oblique a
angle with the horizon ;
one of the mechanical
powers. — In-clin'er, n.

— In-clin'a-ble(-a-b'l),
a. Disposed. — In'cli- a-
na'tion (Tn'kli-na'- ad Inclined Plane,
shun), n. An inclining ;

leaning ; bent ; tendency ; bias ; propensity ;
predilection.

In-close' (Tu-kloz'), v. t. [Inclosed (-klozd') ; In-
closing.] To surround ; to shut in ; to encom-
pass. — In-clos'er, n. — In-clo'snre (-kio'zhfir),
n. Act of inclosing or thing inclosed; space
contained ; barrier ; fence.

In-Clude7 (Tn-klud'), v. t. To confine within ; to
contain ; to comprehend ; to embrace. — ln-clu'-
Sion (-klu'zhun), n. An including. — In-clu'slve
(-siv), a. Inclosing ; encircling ; comprehend-
ing the stated limit or extremes. — In-clu'slve-
ly, adv.

In-COg' (in-k5g'), In-COg'ni-tO (-nT-to), a. & adv.
Unknown ; in disguise ; in an assumed charac-
ter. — n. One in disguise ; assumption of a
feigned character.

In'CO-her'ent (Tn/ko-her'ent), a. Not coherent;
loose ; unconnected ; incongruous ; inconsistent.

— In'co-her'ent-ly, adv. — In'co-her'enco
(-ens), In'CO-her'en-cy (-en-s^), n. Want of co-
herence or connection ; inconsistency.

In'com-lras'ti-ble (Tn'kom-bus'ti-b'l), a. Not
combustible ; not capable of being burned, de-
composed, or consumed by fire. — In'COm-bUS'-
ti-ble-ness, In'com-bus'ti-bil'i-ty (-btil-ty), n.

In/come (Tn'kiim), n. Gain from labor, business,
or property ; revenue ; receipts. — In'COm'ing
(Tn'kum'Tng), a. Coming in ; accruing.

In'COm-men'SU-ra-ble (Tn/k5m-me'n'shu-ra-b,l),
In'COm-men'SU-rate (-rat), a. Not admitting of
a common measure ; unequal ; inadequate ; in-
sufficient.

In'COm-mode' (Tn'ko'm-mod'), v. t. To give incon-
venience or trouble to ; to annoy ; to trouble ;
to disquiet ; to vex. — in/COm-mo'di-OUS (-ii)o'-
dT-iis), a. Inconvenient ; unsuitable ; giving
trouble. — In'com-mo'di-ous-ly, adv. — In'com-
I mo'di-ous-ness, n.

; In'com-mu'ni-ca-ble (in'kom-mu'nT-ka-b'1), a.

I Not capable of being imparted to others. — In'-

com-mu'nl-ca-ble-ness, n. — In'com-mu'nl-ca-

bly, adv. — In com-mu'ni-ca-tlve (-tl v), «. Not

communicative ; reticent ; unsocial.

In-COm'pa-ra-ble (Tn-k5m'pa-ra-b'l), a. Not com-
parable ; matchless ; tran.sceii lent. — In-COm'-

pa-ra-ble-ness, n. — In-com'pa-ra-bly, adv.
In'com-pas'sion-ate (Tn/k8m-p5sh'flii-«)1 a. Not

compassionate ; unpitying. — In'COm-paS'sion-

ate-ly, adv. — In'com-pas'sion-ate-ness. ».
In'com-pat'i-ble (Tn'kOm-pSt'T-b'l), a. Not com-
patible ; irreconcilably opposed ; contradictory;

S, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, A, y, ahort ; Beuite, Sveut, idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, iirm, ask, all, final,

INCOMPATIBLY

209

INCREDULOUS

dissimilar ; discordant ; repugnant. — Lu/COm-
pat'i-bly, adv. — In'com-paf i-bil'i-ty (-bll'I-
ty), n.

In-com'pe-tent (Tn-kom'pe-tent), a. Not compe-
tent ; wanting in adequate strength, capacity,
means, qualifications, etc. ; unfit. — In-com'pe-
tent-ly, adv. — In-com/pe-tence (-tens), In-com-
pe-ten-cy (-ten-sy), n.

In'com-plete' (ln'koui-ple't'), a. Not complete ;
unfinished ; imperfect ; defective. — In com-
plete'ly, adv. — In'com-plete'ness, n. — tnf-
Cjiil-ple'tlon (-ple'sbun), n. Incompleteness ;
failure to complete.

In-com'pre-hen'si-ble (Tu-kom'pre-hen'sT-b'l), a.

Not comprehensible ; incapable of being under-
stood ; inconceivable. — In-com pre hen'si-bly,
adv. — In-compre-ben'si-ble-ness, In-com'-
pre-ben'si-bii'i-ty (-blfi'i-ty), n. — In-compre-
ben'sive (-slv), a. Not comprehensive; not
extensive ; limited.

In'COn-ceiv'a-ble (in'kon-seVa-b'l), a. Not con-
ceivable ; not explicable by the intellect ; incom-
prehensible. — In'con-ceiv'a-bly, adv.

In'COn-Clu'sive (in'kon-klu'siv), a. Not conclu-
sive ; not settling a point in debate or doubtful
question. — In'con-clu'sive-ly, adv. — In'con-
clu'sive-ness, n.

In-COn'gru-OUS (ifi-kon/gru-us), a. Not congru-
ous to a standard or end ; inconsistent ; un-
suited ; unfit ; improper. — In-COn'gru-OUS-ly,
adv. — In-con'gru-ence (-ens), n. Want of
congruence, adaptation, or agreement. — In-
COn'gTU-ent (-ent), a. Unsuitable. — In/COIl-
gru'l-ty (lii'kSn-gruT-ty or -kon-), n. Want of
congruity ; inconsistency ; impropriety.

In-COn'SO-quent (Tn-kSn'se-kwent), a. Not fol-
lowing from the premises ; invalid ; illogical ;
inconsistent. — In-con'se-quent-ly, adv. — In-
con'se-quence (-kwens), n.— In-con'se-quen'-
tlal (-kwgn'slial), a. Not regularly following
from the premises ; not of consequence ; of
little moment.

In'con-sid'er-a-ble (fn'kon-sTd'er-a-b'l), a. Un-
worthy of consideration ; unimportant ; trivial.

— In'con-sid'er-a-bly, adv. — In'con-sid'er-a-
ble-ness. n.

In'C0n-3id'er-ate (Tn'kon-sTd'er-at), a. Not con-
siderate ; lusty; thoughtless; heedless; rash.

— In'con-sid'er-ate-ly, adv. — In'con - sid'er-
ate-ness, In'con-sid er-a'tion (-a'shun), n.

In'COn-sist'ent (In'kon-sls'tent), a. Not consist-
ent ; at variance ; incompatible ; discordant ;
repugnant ; contradictory ; changeable. — In'-
con-sist'ent-ly, adv. — In con-slst'ence (-tens),
In'COn-Sist'en-cy (-ten-sy^, n. Quality of being
inconsistent ; absurdity in argument or narra-
tion ; changeableness.

In'COn-SOl'a-ble (Tn'kSn-sol'a-b'i), a. Not con-
solable ; not to be consoled ; disconsolate. —
In'consol'a-bly, adv.

In'COn-spiC'u-OUS (Tn'kon-spTk'u-us), a. Not
conspicuous or noticeable ; hardly discernible.

— In conspicuously, adv.

In-COn'Stant (Tn-k5n'stant), a. Not constant ;
subject to change ; variable ; fickle ; volatile ;
unstable. — In - con ' stant - ly, ndv. — In-con'-
Stan-cy (-stan-sy), n. Mutability; fickleness;
dissimilitude.

In'con-test'a-ble (Tn'kon-te'st'a-b'l), a. Not con-
testable ; indisputable ; undeniable ; indubita-
ble. — In'con-test'a-bly, adv.

In-COn'ti-nent (Tn-k5n'ti-nent), a. Not continent ;
lewd. — n. One who is unchaste. — In-con'ti-
nent-ly, adv. Without due restraint of the pas-
sions or appetites ; unchastely ; immediately ; at
once ; suddenly. — In-con'ti-nence (-neus), In-
COn'tl-nen-cy ( - nen - by ), n. Quality of being
incontinent ; uuchastity ; lewdness.

In-con'tro-ver'ti-ble ( in-kou'tro-ver'tT-b'l ), a.
Not controvertible ; too clear to admit of dis-
pute ; indisputable. — In - con •' tro - ver ' ti-bly,
adv.

In'con-ven'ient (In'kon-ven'yent), a. Not be-
coming or suitable ; mint ; disadvantageous ;
inopportune. — In-'con-ven'ient-ly, adv. — ln'-
con-ven'ience (-yens), In con-ven'ien-cy (-yen-
By), n. Want of convenience ; disadvantage ;
disquiet; annoyance; trouble. — In'COn-ven'-
ience, v. t. To incommode.

In'COn-vert'i-ble (Tn/kou-vertT-b'l), a. Not con-
vertible ; not capable of being changed into
something else. — In'con-verfi-ble-ness, In'-
con- vert i-bil'i-ty (-bli'i-ty), n.

In-cor'po-rate (in-kor'po-rat), a. Not consisting
of matter ; not having a material body ; incor-
poreal ; spiritual ; not incorporated ; not ex-
isting as a corporation.

In-cor'po-rate (ln-k6r'p6-rat), a. Incorporated ;
corporate ; made into one body ; embodied ;
combined. — v t. To form into one body; to
combine (different ingredients) into one mass ;
to give material form to ; to embody ; to form
into a legal body, or body politic ; to constitute
into a corporation. — v. i. To unite ; to be
mixed or blended. — In- cor'po- ra'tion (-ra'-
shun), n. An incorporating ; state of being in-
corporated ; union in one mass or organization ;
formation of a legal body by union of individu-
als. — In-cor'po-ra tor (-kdr'pS-ra'ter), n.

In cor-po're-al (In'kor-po're-al), a. Not corpo-
real ; not consisting of matter ; intangible ;
bodiless ; spiritual. — In/COr-po/re-al-ly, adv.

— In-cor'po-re'i-ty (in-k6r'p6-reT-ty), n. Im-
materiality.

In'cor-rect' (in'kor-rSkt'), a. Not correct; not
according to copy, model, established rule,
truth, right, or duty ; wrong ; faulty. — In'COr-
recfly, adv. — In cor-rect'ness, n.

In-cor'ri-gi-ble (Tn-kSr'ri-jT-b'l), a. Not corrigi-
ble ; irreclaimable. — n. A hardened criminal.

— In - cor ' ri - gl - bly, adv. — In-cor'ri-gi-ble-
ness, In-cor'ri-gi-bil'i-ty (-bli'I-ty), n.

In'cor-rupt' (Tn'kSr-rupt'), a. Free from cor-
ruption ; pure ; untainted. — In'cor-rupt'i-bld
(-rur/tT-b'l), a. Incapable of corruption ; in-
flexibly just and upright. — In'cor-rupt'i-ble-
ness, In cor-rupt'i-bil'i-ty (-tl-bii'i-ty), in'-
COr-rup'tion (-rup'shim), n. Exemption from
corruption.

In-cras'sate (Tn-kr5s'sat), v. t. & i. To thicken.

— a. Thickened; inspissated. — In'cras-sa'-
tion (Tn/krSs-sa'shun), n. A thickening.

In-crease7 (Tn-kreV), v. i. & t. [Increased
(-krest') ; Increasing.] To enlarge ; to aug-
; ment ; to improve. — In'crease (Tn'kres or Tn-
! kres'), n. Growth ; produce ; increment ; off-
i spring ; addition.

In-cred'i-ble (in-kred'T-b'l), a. Not credible ;
impossible to be believed. — In-cred'1-bly, adv.

— In-cred'i-ble-ness, In-cred'i-bil'i-ty (-M11-
ty), n.

In-cred'U-lOUS (Tn-krSd'u-lus), a. Not credulous ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

INCREDULOUSLY

210

INDEX

indisposed to believe ; skeptical. — In-cred'U-
lous-ly (in - kred ' u - lus - ly ), adv. — In-cred'U-
lous-ness, In'cre-du'li-ty (lu'kre-du'ii-ty), n.

In'cre-ment (lu'kie-inent), n. Increase ; aug-
mentation.

In-Crust' (ln-krusf). v. t. To cover with a crust
or hard coat. — In'CIUS-ta'tion (ln/krus-ta'-
sh\in), 11. An incru&ting ; a crust ; a coat.

In'CU-bate (Tn'ku-bat), v. i. To sit on (eggs for
hatching) ; to brood. — In/CU-ba'tion(-ba'shun),
n. Act of incubating; development. — In/CU-
ba'tor (in ' ku - ba ' ter), n. An apparatus for
hatching eggs by artificial heat.

In'CU-bUS (Tn'ku-bus), n. ; pi. E. Incubuses (-gz),
L. Incubi (-bi). Nightmare ; oppressive or stu-
pefying influence.

In-CUl'cate (ln-kul'kat), v. t. To impress ; to en-
force ; to urge. — Ln/CUl-ca'tion (ln'kul-ka'-
shun), n. Teaching by repeated admonition.

In-CUl'pa-ble (Tn-kul'pa-b'l), a. Without fault ;
blameless.

In-CUl'pate (ln-kul'pat), v. t. To blame ; to cen-
sure. — In' CUl- pa' tion ( Tn'kul-pa'shuu ), n.
Blame ; crimination. — In-CUl'pa-to-ry (In-kuK-
pa-to-ry), a. Imputing blame ; criminatory.

In-CUm'beilt (Tn-kum'beut)f a. Lying or resting
upon ; imposed as duty or obligation ; indis-
pensable. — n. One in possession of place or
office. — In-cum/ben-cy (-beii-sy), n. State of
being incumbent ; weight ; duty ; obligation ;
benefice ; office.

In-cum'ber (Tn-kum'ber), v. t. To encumber. —
In-cumbrance (-brans), n. A clog ; an imped-
iment ; a check.

In-cur' (in-kfir'), v. t. [Incurred (-kfird') ; In-
curring (-kfir'iTng).] To become liable to ; to
expose one's self to.

In-CUT'a-ble (Tn-kur'a-b'l), a. Not curable ; ir-
remediable ; irrecoverable ; irretrievable. — n.
One diseased beyond cure. — Ill-cur'a-bly. adv.

— In-cur'a-ble-ness, In-cur'a-biTi-ty, n.
In-CU'ri-OUS (Tn-ku'rT-us), a. Not curious or in-
quisitive ; indifferent.

In-cur'sion (Tn-kGr'shun), n. An invasion ; an

inroad ; a raid.
In-CUr/vate(Tn-kfir'vat), v. I. To bend ; to crook.

— a. Curved inward or upward. — In'CUT-va'-
tlon (Tn'kGr-va'shun), n. Act of bending;
curvature.

In-debt' (Tn-dgtf), v. t. To bring into debt; to
place under obligation. — In-debt'ed, a. Placed
under obligation ; owing restitution or grati-
tude. — In-debt'ed-ness, n.

tn-de'cent (Tn-de'sent), a. Not decent ; unfit to
be seen or heard ; indelicate ; unseemly ; im-
modest ; gross ; impure ; obscene ; filthy. —
In-de'cent-ly, adv. — In-de'cen-cy (-sen-sjr), n.

tn'de-ci'pher-a-ble (Tn/de-si'ler-a-b'l), a. Inca-
pable of being deciphered.

(n'de-Ci'sion (In'dt-sYzb/fin), n. Want of de-
cision or firmness ; irresolution. — In'de-Cl'sive
(-si'sTv), a. Not decisive or conclusive ; unset-
tled ; h sitating. — In'de-ci'sive-ly, adv. — In'-
de-ci'sive-ness, n

In'de-clin'a-ble (fn'dt-klln'4-b'l), a. Not varied
by terminations. — In'de-clin'a-bly, adv.

tn'de-CO'rum (TnMc-ko'rum), n. Want of deco-
rum ; impropriety of behavior. — Ilf/de-CO'roUS
(Tn'de-ko'rus or Yn-dek'o-iiis), a. Not deco-
rous; unseemly; rude; coarse; uncivil. — In/-
de-co'rous-ly, adv. — In de co'rous ness. n.

Ill-deed' (Tn-ded'), adv. In reality ; in truth ; in
fact.

In'de-fat/i-ga-ble (Tn/de-fSt'T-ga-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being fatigued ; unwearied ; persevering ;

assiduous. — In/de-fat'i-ga-bly, adv. — In'de-
fat'i-ga-ble-ness, n.

In'de-fea'si-ble (hi/de-fe'zi-b'l), a. Not to be
defeated or made void. — In/de-fea'Si-bil'i-ty
(-bil'i-ty), n.

Ill'de-fect'i-ble (Tn'de-fektT-b'l), a. Not liable
to defect or failure. — In'de-fectl-bil'i-ty (-T-
bil'T-ty), n.

In'de-fen'Si-ble (in'de-fgn'si-b'1), a. Not defen-
sible ; not capable of being maintained or justi-
fied.

In'de-fin'a-ble (Tn/de-fin'a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being defined. — In'de-fin/a-bly, adv.

In-def'i-nite (Tn-dei'T-nit), a. Not defined ; not
precise or certain. — In-def/i-nite-ly, adv. —
In-def'i-nite-ness, n.

In-del'i-ble (Tn-dgl'I-b'l), a. Not to be blotted
out ; incapable of being effaced or forgotten. —
In-del'i-bly, adv. — In-del'i-bil'i-ty (-T-bli'I-

ty), n.

In-dell-cate (Tn-dgl'i-kat), a. Not delicate ; of-
fensive to good mannersooT to purity of mind ;
rude ; coarse ; gross ; Jr/decent. — In-del'i-cate-
ly, adv. — In-del'i-ca-cy (-ka-sy), n.

In-dem'ni-fy (ln-aem'ni-iy), v. t. [Indemnified
(-iid) ; Indemnifying.] To save harmless ; to se-
cure against loss ; to make good ; to reimburse.

— In-dem'ni-fi-ca'tion (-iT-ka'sLun), u. Refm-
bursement. — In-dem/ni-ty ( Yn-dem'ni-ty ), n.
Security to save harmless ; exemption from
loss or damage ; compensation for loss or injury
sustained.

Indent' (Tn-denf), v. t. To notch ; to bind out
by indenture or contract ; to begin (a line of
print) further in from the margin than the rest
of a paragraph. — v. i. To be notched ; to
crook or turn ; to wind in and out. — n. A
notch in the margin of anything. — In'den-ta'-
tion (Tn'den-ta'shun), n. A cut; notch in the
margin; depression. — In-den'ture (-dgi/tur),
n. An indenting ; written agreement be tween
contracting parties. — v. t. To bind by inden-
tures.

In'de-pend'ent (TnMe-pgnd'irnt), a. Not depend-
ent ; not subject to control of others ; not rely-
ing on others ; free ; easy ; pertaining to the
Independents. — n. A Congregational^ t, or
one who believes each organized Christian
church complete in itself, and independent of
ecclesiastical authority. — In'de-pend'ent-ly,
adv. — Ill'de-pend'ence (-^ns), n. Exemption
from reliance on others, or control from them.

In'de-SCliVa-ble (Yn'de-i-krib'a-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being described. — In'de-SCrib'a-bly, adv.

In'de-StruO'tl-ble (TnMe-struk'tT-b'l), a. Not de-
structible ; incapable of decomposition. — In'-
de-struc'ti-bil'i-ty (-bii'T-ty), n.

Iil/de-ter/mi-na-ble (Tn'dc-ter'mT-na-b'l), a. Im-
possible to be ascertained, determined or fixed.

— In'de-ter'mi-nate (-nat), a. Not determinate
or fixed ; uncertain ; not precise. — In'de-ter'-
ml-nate-ly, adv. — In de ter'mi-nate ness. n.

— In/de-ter'mi-na'tion (-na'shun), n. Unset-
tled Btate ot mind ; want of fixed direction.

In'dex (TnMeks), n. ; pi. B. Indexes (-gz), L. In-
dices (-dY-sez) . Something which points out ;
a table for facilitating reierence to topics in a

a, e, 1, 5, u, long , a, 6, 1, 6, fl, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

INDIAMAN

211

INDUCE

book ; the forefinger ; an exponent, — v. t. To
provide with an index.

In'di-a-man (Yn'dY-a-man or Ynd'ya-), n. A ship
used in the East India trade.

In'di-an (Yn'dY-an or Tud'yan), a. Pertaining to
India (in Asia), to the West Indies (islands of
the Atlantic), or to the aborigines of America ;
made of maize or Indian corn. — n. An inhab-
itant of the Indies ; aboriginal inhabitant of
America. — Indian corn. Maize; an edible
American grain.

In'dl-a rnb'ber. Caoutchouc.

In'di-cate (Yn'dY-kat), v. t. To
point out ; to discover ; to
ehow. — In'di-ca'tor (-ka/ter),
n. — In'di-cant (-kunt), a. & n.
Showing. — In'di-ca'tion (-ka'-
shun), n. A pointing out;
mark ; sign ; symptom. — In-
dic'a-tive ( Yu-dYk'a-tYv ), a.
Pointing out; giving intima-
tion or knowledge. — In-dic'a-
tive-ly, adv.

^Sdex8 (TU'dr*8Sz)' "•' Pl' °f Indian Corn.

In-dict' (Yn-dit/), v. t. To charge with crime ;
to present for judicial trial. — In-dict'er, In-
dict'or (-er), n. — In-dict'a-ble (-a-b'i), a. Suo-
ject to indictment. — In-dict'ment (-ment), n.
An indicting ; a formal charge of crime, pre-
ferred by a grand jury ; accusation in general.

In-different (Yn-dYi'ler-«nt), a. Not making a
difference ; of no account ; neither particularly
good nor bad ; passable ; impartial ; disinter-
ested ; feeling no interest or care. — In-differ-
ent-ly, adv.— In-dii'fer-ence (-en?), n. The
quality of being indifferent ; carelessness ; un-
concern ; apathy ; insensibility.

In'di-gence (faMI-jens), n. See under Indigent.

In-dig'e-nons (Yn-dYj'e-nus), a. Native to, or
produced naturally in, a country or climate ;
not exotic.

In'di-gent (Yn'dY-jent), a. Destitute of property ;
needy; poor. — In'di-gence (-jens), n. Pov-
erty; penury; want

In'di-gest'i-ble (Yn'dY-jgsfY-b'l), a. Not digesti-
ble ; not easily converted into products fit to
be absorbed. — In'di-ges'tion (-jgs'chun), n.
"Want of due digestion ; dyspepsia ; painful di-
gestion.

In-dig'nant (Yu-dYg'nant), a. Affected with in-
dignation; feeling wrath or contempt. — In-dig'-
nant-ly, adv. — In'dig-na'tion ( Yn'dYg-na'simn),
n. Resentment ; anger ; rage. — In-dig'ni-ty
(Yn-dYg'nY-tjf ), n. Action showing contempt ;
insult.

In'di-gO (Tn'dl-g6), n. A deep blue color ; a blue
coloring matter obtained from plants.

In'di-rect' ( Yn'dY-rgkf ), a. Not direct; not
straightforward or upright ; unfair ; dishonest.

— In'dl-rect'ly, adv. — In'di-rec'tion (-rgk'-
shun), n. An oblique course or means ; dishonest
practices.

In discreet' (Yn'dYs-kref), a. Not discreet ; in-
judicious ; rash ; hasty. — In' dis-creet'ly, "dv.

— In'dis-cre'tion ( -krgsh'un ), n. A want of
discretion ; imprudence ; indiscreet behavior

In/dis-crete/ (Yn'dYs-kref), a. Not discrete or
separated.

In'dis-crim'i-nate (Yn'dYs-krYm'Y-nat), a. Want-
ing discrimination ; not making distinction ;

promiscuous ; confused. — In'dis-crim'i-nate-
ly, adv. — In'dis-crim/i-na'tion (-ua'sniin), n.

In dis-pen'sa-ble (Yn'dYs-pgn'ba-b'l), a. Not to
be dispensed with ; absolutely necessary. — Tn/-
dis-pen'sa-bly, adv. — In'dis-pen'sa-ble-ness,
In'dis-pen'sa-bil'i-ty (-bxl'I-i^), n.

In'Ois-pose7 ( Yn/dls-poz' ), v. t. [Indisposed
(-pozd') ; Indisposing.] To render unsuited ;
to disqualify ; to disincline. — In disposed'
(-pozd'), a. Unwell. — In-dis'po-Si'tion (Tn-
di ./po-zish'un), n. A slight illness ; disinclin-
ation ; aversion.

In-dis'pu-ta-ble (Yn-dYs'pu-ta-b'l), a. Not dis-
putable; unquestionable; certain. — In-dis'pil-

ta-bly, adv. — In-dis'pu-ta-ble-ness, n.

Ill-diS'SO-lu-ble (Yn-dYs'so-lu-b'l), a. Not capa-
ble of being dissolved ; perpetually binding or
obligatory. — In-dis'so-lu-bly, adv. — In-dis'-
so-lu-ble-ness, In-dis'so-ln-bil'i-ty (-bil'l-ty),
n.

In'dis-tinct' (Yn'dYs-tYnkf), a. Not distinct or
distinguishable ; obscure ; vague ; uncertain. —
Lo/dis-tlnct'ly, adv. — In'dis-tinct'ness, n.

In-dite7 (Yii-dif), v. t. To direct what is to be
uttered ; to compose ; to write ; to be author of.

— In-dit'er, n. — In- elite 'ment (-ment), ». Act
of inditing.

In'di-vid'U-al (Yn'dY-vYd'u-al), a. Not divided ;
single ; one ; peculiar to a Bingle person or
thing; distinctive, —n. A single person or
thing. — In'di-vid'u-al-ly, adv. — In di-vid'u-
al'i-ty (-21'i-ty), n. Separate nature or exist-
ence ; character peculiar to an individual ; dis-
tinctive character. —In' di-vid'U-al-ize (-al-Iz),
v. t. To select or mark as an individual.

In'di-VlS'i-ble (Yn'dY-vYz'Y-b'l), a. Not divisible ;
not separable into parts ; not capable of exact
division. — n. That which is indivisible. — In'-
di-vis'i-bly, adv. - In'di-vis'i-ble-ness, In'di-
vis'l-bil'i-ty(-bTl'T-ty),n.

In-doc'ile ( Yn-doVYl or -do'sYl ), a. Dull ; not
teachable ; intractable. — In'dO-Cil/i-ty (Yu'do-
silT-ty), n.

In-d0C'trl-nate (Yn-dBk'trY-nat), v. t. To instruct
in rudiments or principles. — In-dOC'tri-na'tion
(-na'shiin), n. An indoctrinating ; information.

In'do-lent (Yn'do-lent), a. Indulging in ease ;
lazy; sluggish; inactive. — In'do-lent-ly, adv.

— In'do-leace (-lens), n. Habitual idleness;
laziness.

In-dom'i-ta-ble (Yn-dBtu'Y-ta-b'l), a. Not to be
subdued or tamed ; invincible.

In'door' (Yn'doV), a. Being or done within doors,
or in the house; domestic. — In'dOOrS' (Yn'-
dorz' or Yn'dorz'), adv. Within the house.

In-dorse' (Yn-dSrs'), v. t. [Indorsed (-d6rsf) ;
Indorsing.] To write upon the back of ; to write
one's name upon the back of (a paper) to trans-
fer it, or to secure payment of a note, draft,
etc. ; to give one's name or support to ; to sanc-
tion. — In-dors'er. In-dors'or ( -er ), n. - In'-
dor-see/ (Yn'dSr-se'), n. A pprson to whom a
note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorse-
ment. — In-dorse'ment ( Yn-dSrs'ment ), n. A
writing on the back of a note, bill, etc. ; sanc-
tion ; approval.

In-dU'bi-ta-ble (Yn-du'bY-ta-b'l), a. Not dubi-
table : too plain to admit of doubt ; evident ;
incontestable^ — In-dn'bl-ta-bly, adv.

In-duce' (Yn-dus'), v. t. [Induced (-dusf) ; In-
ducing (-du'sYng).] To lead in ; to prevail on ;

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, slug, ink, then, thin.

INDUCEMENT

212

INFAMOUS

to move by persuasion ; to impel ; to press ; to
cause. — ln-duce,ment (Tu-duVment), n. Mo-
tive ; reason ; influence.

In-duct' (iu-dukt/), v. t. To bring in ; to intro-
duce ; to put in possession (of a benefice or
office). — In-duct'or (-diik'cer), n. — In-duc'tion
(-shim), n. An inducting ; introduction; proc-
ess of reasoning from particulars to generals ;
introduction into office. — In-ducfive (-duk'-
tiv), a. Leading or drawing ; derived by in-
duction. — In-duct'ive-ly, adv.

In-duc'tile (In-duk'til), a. Not ductile ; inca-
pable of being drawn into threads.

In-due' (In-du'), v. t. [Indued (-dud') ; Induing.]
To put on ; to clothe ; to invest ; to furnish ; to
supply.

In-dulge' (Tn-dulj'), v. t. [Indulged (-duljd') ;
Indulging (-dib/jTng).] To yield to the desire
of ; to gratify ; to humor ; to allow ; to favor. —
In-dul'gence (Tn-dul'jens), n. The quality of
being indulgent ; favor granted ; gratification.

— In-dul'gent, a. Prone to indulge or humor.

— In-dul'gent-ly, adv.

In'du-rate (InMu-iat), v. i. & t. To harden. —
a. Hardened ; unfeeling ; obdurate. — In' du-
ration (-ra'shun), n. A hardening ; obduracy ;
stiffness ; want of pliancy.

In'dus-try (Tn'dus-tiy), n. Habitual diligence ;
assiduousness ; laboriousness. — In-dus'tri-al
(-dusrtri-«l), a. Consisting in or pertaining to
industry, or the arts of industry. — In-dus'tri-
OUS (-iis), a. Given to industry ; diligent. —
In-dus'tri-ous-ly, adv.

In'dwell' (Tn'dwel'),^. t. &i. [Indwelt (-dwglf) ;
Indwelling.] To dwell in ; to abide within. —
In-dwell'er (-dwgl'er), n. An inhabitant. —In-
dwelling, n. An abode.

In-e'bri-ate (In-e'brT-at), v. t. To make drunk ;
to stupefy ; to exhilarate. — n. An habitual
drunkard ; a sot ; a toper. — In-e1>ri-ant (-ant),
a. Intoxicating. — n. Anything that intoxi-
cates.— In-e^ri-a'tion (-a'shiin), In'e-bri'e-ty
(Tn'e-bri'e-ty), n. Drunkenness.

ln-ed'it-ed (Tn-gd'It-gd), a. Not edited ; unpub-
lished.

In-effa-ble (Tn-gf'fa-b'l), a. Incapable of being
expressed in words ; unspeakable ; unutterable.

— In-ef'fa-bly, adv.

In'ef-face'a-ble (Tn'gf-fas'a-b'l), a Incapable of
being effaced.

In'ef-fect'ive (Tn'gf-fgk'tYv), a. Producing no
effect ; inefficient; vain; fruitless; weak. —
In'ei-fect'ive-ly, adv.

In'ef-lec'tu-al (-fgk'tu-al), a. Not producing the
proper effect ; inefficient ; weak. — In'ef-f ec'tu-
al-ly, adv.

In-ei fi-ca'cious (Tn-gf'fT-ka'shus), a. Not effica-
cious; not producing the proper effect. — In-
ef fi-ca'cious-ness, In-ef'fi-oa-cy (-gf'fT-ka-sy),
n. Inefficiency.

Inefficient (Tn'gf-fTsh'ent), a. Not efficient;
not producing the effect ; slack or remiss ; effect-
ing nothing. — In'ef-fi'cien-cy (-fishVn-sy), n.

In-el'e-gant (Tn-gl'e-gtfnt), a. Not elegant ;
wanting in taste. — In-el'e-gant-ly, adv. — In-
el'e-gance (-g^ns), In-el'e-gan-ey (-gan-sy), n.
Want of elegance.

In-el'i-gi-ble (Yn-glf-jT-b'l), a. Not eligible ; in-
capable of being elected to office : nol worth v
to be chosen. — In-el i-gi-bil'i-ty (-bli'T-ty), n.

In-ept' (Tn-cpf), <i. Not apt or fit; unfit; use-

less ; trifling ; silly. — In^ept'ly, adv. — In-ept'-
ness, In-ept/i-tude (-l-tud), n.
In'e-qual'i-ty (In'e-kwol'i-ty), n. The quality of
being unequal ; diversity ; want of levelness ;
inadequacy.
In-eq/ui-ta-ble (Tn-gk'wl-ta-b'l), a. Not equi-
table ; not just.
In-ert/ (m-erf), a. Inactive ; sluggish ; sloth-
ful ; dull. — In-ert'ly, adv. — In-ert'ness, n.
In-er'ti-a (In-er'shi-a), n. Property by which
matter, when at rest, tends to remain so, and
when in motion to continue in motion ; indis-
position to move.
In-es'ti-ma-ble (Tn-es'tT-ma-b'l), a. Incapable of
being estimated ; above all price ; invaluable. —
In-es'ti-ma-bly, adv.
In-eVi-ta-ble (Tn-gv'I-ta-b'l), a. Not evitable ;
unavoidable ; not to be withstood or resisted. —
In-ev'i-ta-bly, adv.
In' ex-act' (Tn'egz-Skt/), a. Not exact ; not cor-
rect or true.
In'ex-CUS'a-ble (in'gks-kuz'a-b'1), a. Not admit-
ting excuse or justification ; unpardonable. —
In'ex-cus'a-bly, adv.
In'ex-haust'i-ble (Tn'ggz-ast'T-b'l), a. Incapable
of being exhausted or emptied. — In'ex-haust'-
i-bly, adv. — In'ex haust'i-ble-ness. ».
In'ex-ist/ent (Tn'gks-Tf-t'ent), a. Not liaving be-
ing ; not existing. — In' ex-ist'ence (-ens), n.
Want of existence ; non-existence.
In ex-ist'ent (Tn'gks-Tst'ent), a. Existing hi
something else ; inherent. — In'ex-ist'ence, n.
Inherence ; a constituent.
In-ex'O-ra-ble (Tn-gks'6-ra-b'l), a. Not to be
moved by entreaty ; unyielding ; unchange-
able. — In-ex'o-ra-bly, adv. — In-ex'o ra-bil'-
i-ty (-btll-ty), n.
In'ex-pe'di-ent (Tn'gks-pe'dT-ent), n. Not expe-
dient ; unfit ; improper. — In ex-pe'&i-ence
(-ens), In'ex-pe'di-en-cy (-cn-sy), n.
In'ex-pe'ri-ence (Tn'gks-i e'rT-ens), n. Want of
experience.— In' ex-perri-enced(-cn8t), a. Not
having experience ; unskilled.
In-ex'pi-a-ble (Tn-gks'pT-a-b'l), a. Admitting of
no atonement ; implacable. — In-ex'pi-a-hly,
adv.
In-ex'pli-ca-ble (Tn-gks'prY-ka-b'l), a. Not ex-
plainable ; incapable of being accounted for. —
In-ex'pli-ca-bly, adv. — In-ex'pli-ca-ble-ness,
In-ex'pli-ca-bil'i-ty (-bTi'l-ty), n.
In'ex-plic'it (iu/gks-pllB'It), a. Not explicit;

not clearly stated.
In'ex-press'i-ble (Tn/gk8-pres/i-b'l), a. Not capa-
ble of expression ; unspeakable ; ineffable ; un-
told. — In'ex-press'i-bly, adv.
In'ex-press'ive (In'gks-prgsf v), a. Not express-
ing or intending to express ; meaningless.
In'ex-tin'guish-a-ble (Tn'gks-tTn'gwTsh-a-b'l), a.
Not capable of being extinguished ; unquench-
able.
In-ex'tri-ca-ble (Tn-gks'trT-ka-b'l), a. Not capa-
ble of being extricated. —In- ex'tri-ca-bly, adv.
In-eye7 (In-i'), v. t. To inoculate (a tree) by in-
serting a bud.
In-lal'li-ble (Tn-fXl'lT-b'l), a. Not fallible; exempt
from liability to mistake; certain. — In-falll-
My, adv. — In-fal'li-ble-ness, In-fal'11-bil'i-ty
(-bll'T-ty), n.
In'fa-my (In'fa-niS-), n. Loss of reputation ; pub-
lic disgrace : extreme vileness. — In'fa mous
(-mus), a. Of ill report ; odious ; scandalous ,

», «, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, ft, y, short ; seuatu, event, idea, obey, tluite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

INFAMOUSLY

213

INFLUX

base ; 6hameful ; ignominious. — In'fa-m.OUS-ly,
adv.

In'fant (Tn'fant), ft. A young child ; a person not
of full age ; a minor. — a. Pertaining to infancy ;
intended for young children. — In'f an-cy (-f an-
sy), ft. The state of being an infant ; first age of
anything ; condition of one under age ; nonage ;
minority. — In'fan-tile (-til or -til), In'fan-
tine (-tin or -tin), a. Pertaining to, or charac-
teristic of, infants or young children. — ||In-
fan'ta (-fan'ta), ft. A Spanish and Portuguese
title for a princess of the royal blood, except the
eldest daughter. — ||In-f an'te (-ta) , ft. A son of
a Spanish or Portuguese king, except the
eldest, or heir apparent. — In-f an'ti-cide (-ti-
Bid), n. Murder of a newly born child ; a slayer
of infants.

In'fan-try (Tn'fan-try), ft. Foot soldiers, in dis-
tinction from cavalry.

In-fat'U-ate (Tn-lat'u-at), v. t. To make foolish ;
to besot ; to mislead. — In-fat'U-a'tion (-a7-
shiin), ft. An infatuating ; folly.

In-f ect' (Tn-fgkf ), v. t. To taint with disease or
affect with noxious matter ; to poison ; to pol-
lute ; to defile. — In-fect'er, n. — In-fec'tion
(-fgk'ahmi), ft. An infecting; that which in-
fects; a prevailing disease. — In-fec'tlOUS
(-8hu3), a. Liable to communicate disease ; pes-
tilential ; easily diffused or spread. — In-fec'-
tious-ly, adv. — In-fec'tious-ness, n.

In-fec'und (In-fek'uiid), a. Unfruitful ; not pro-
ducing young ; barren. — In'fe-CUn'dl-ty (In'-
fe-kun'dT-ty), ft.

In'fe-lic'My ( Tu'fe-lTsT-t/ ), ft. Unhappiness;
misery; unfortunate condition or act. — In'fe-
liC'1-tOUS (-T-tu-i), a. Not felicitous ; unhappy ;
not well said or done.

In-fer' (In-f er'), v. t. [Inferred (-ferd') ; Infer-
ring.] To derive by deduction or induction ;
to conclude ; to surmise ; to imply. — In-fer'ri-
ble, In-fer'a-ble (-ier'- or -fer'a-b'l), a. Capable
of being inferred or deduced from premises. —
In'fer-ence (in'ier-ens),ft. Conclusion ; deduc-
tion ; consequence. — In'fer-en'tial (-en'shal),
a. Deduced or deducible by inference.

tn-le/ri-or (Tn-fe'n-er), a. L >wer in place, social
rank, or excellence ; subordinate. — n. One
younger, or of a lower station, than another. —
In-fe'ri-or'i-ty (-oVi-t^), n. State of being in-
ferior ; 1 >wer state or condition.

In-fer'nal (In-fer'nal), a. Pertaining to the lower
regions, regions of the dead, or hell ; hellish ;
diabolical ; satanic ; fiendish ; malicious. — n.
An inhabitant of hell. — In-f er'nal-ly, adv.

In-fer'ri-ble (-fSr'ri-b'l or -ier'-), a. See under
Infer, v. I.

In-fer'tile (Tn-fer'tTl or -til), a. Not fertile or
productive; barren. — In fer-tll'i-ty (Tn'fer-tiP-
X-tf), n.

In-fest' (In-fSsf), v. t. To trouble by numbers
or frequency of presence ; to annoy ; to harass.

In'fi-del (Yii'lT-dd), a. Not holding the faith ;
unbelieving ; disbelieving the inspiration of the
Scriptures or divine institution of Christianity.
— n. An unbeliever ; a freethinker; deist; athe-
ist ; skeptic. — In'fi-del'i-ty (Tn'f I-del'T-ty), n.
Want of faith ; unbelief ; unfaithfulness to the
marriage contract ; treachery ; deceit.

In-fil'ter (Tn-ffl'tSr), v. t. & i. To filter or sift
in. — In-fil'trate (-trat), v. i. To enter by pene-
trating the pores or interstices. — In'fil-tra'tion

(Tn'fTl-tra'shun), n. An infiltrating ; substance
which has entered pores or cavities of a body.

In'fi-nite (Tn'lT-nTt), a. Unlimited; boundless;
interminable. — n. Infinite space, extent, or
magnitude ; an incalculable or very great num-
ber. — In'fi-nite-ly, adv. Without bounds or
limits. — Ia'fi-nite-ness, In-fin'i-ty (-f iu'i-ty),
n. — In'fin-i-tes'i-mal ( lii'lTn-T-tes'i-inal ), a.
Infinitely small. — ft. A quantity less than' any
assignable quantity. — In-fln'i-tive (-fln'T-tiv),
a. Unlimited ; _not bounded or restricted. —
In-fin'i-tUde (-tud), ft. The quality of being in-
finite ; infinite extent ; immensity ; countless
multitude.

In-firm' (Tn-ferm'), a. Not firm or sound ; weak ;
irresolute ; feeble ; imbecile. — In-firm'ly, adv.

— In-firm'ness, n. — In-firm'a-ry (-a-ry), n.
A hospital; place for the infirm or sick. — In-
firm/i-ty (-I-tjr), »• Debility ; imbecility ; im-
perfection.

Infix' (Tn-iTks'), v. t. [Infixed (-fTksf) ; Infix-
ing.] To fix deep ; to implant.

Inflame' (Tn-flam'), v. t. [Inflamed (-flamd') ;
Inflaming.] To set on fire ; to kindle ; to pro-
voke ; to irritate ; to exasperate ; to anger. —
v. i. To grow hot, angry, and painful. — In-
flam'er, n. — In-flam'ma-ble (-flam'ma-b'l), a.
Capable of being set on fire; easily enkindled.

— In - flam ' ma - ble - ness, In-f lam'ma-bll'i-ty
(-bii'I-ty), n. — In flam-ma'tion (In'fiam-ma'-
shun), ft. A setting on fire ; redness and swell-
ing of any part of an animal body, with heat and
fever; excitement; passion.— In-flam'ma-tO-ry
(-flani'ina-to-r^), a. Tending to excite inflam-
mation, heat, passion, tumult, etc. ; seditious.

Inflate' (Tn-flaf), v. t. To swell with wind ; to
blow into ; to puff up ; to elate. — In-flate', In-
flat'ed (-flat'ed), a. Filled with air , distended ;
turgid ; bombastic. — In-fla'tion (-fla'shun), n.
An inflating.

Inflect' (in-flgkt'), v. t. To bend ; to turn from a
direct line ; to vary (a noun or verb) in its termi-
nations ; to decline ; to conjugate ; to modulate
(the voice). — In-flec/tion (-tlgk'shun), ft. An in-
flecting; bend; fold ; variation of nouns, etc., by
declension, and verbs by conjugation. — In-flecr-
tion-al (-al), a. Pertaining tc Inflection. — In-
flect'ive (-rlek'tTv), a. Capable of inflection.

In-flex'i-ble (in-tieksT-b'l), a. Not capable of
being bent ; firm ; unyielding ; rigid ; stubborn ;
unrelenting. — In-flex'i-bly, adv. — In-flex'l-
ble-ness, In-flex'i-bil'i-ty (-i Ti'T-ty), n.

In-flex'ion, ft. Same as Inflection, under In-
flect, v. t.

In-fliCt' (Tn-flYkf), v. t. To lay (a fine, blows, run-
ishment, etc.) ; to apply ; to impose. — In-flic'-
tion (-flTk'shun), «. An inflicting ; punishment.

— In-f lict'ive (-tiv), a. Tending to inflict.
In'flo-res'cence (Tn'flo-res'sens), n. A flowering ;

unfolding of blossoms ; mode of flowering ; an
axis on which all the buds are flower-buds.

In'flU-ence (Tn'flu-ens), ft. A flowing in or upon ;
bringing about of an effect ; power arising from
station, character, wealth, etc. — v. t. [Influ-
enced (-Snst) ; Influencing.] To control or
move by moral power ; to lead ; to direct. — In'-
flu-en'tial (-Sn'shal), a. Exerting influence;
potent ; efficacious. — In'flu-en'tial-ly, adv.

In'flu-en'za (Tn'rtu-en'za), n. Violent catarrh,
often epidemic.

In'flnx (Tn'fliiks), n. A flowing in.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, fooi, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tliin.

INFOLD

214

INHUMATION

Breach ; viola-
Not capable of

In-fold' (Yn-fold'), v. i. To wrap up ; to inclose ;
to embrace.

In-form' (in-f6rm'), v. t. To animate ; to tell ; to
teach ; to instruct. — v. i. To give intelligence
or information ; to betray. — In-form'ant (-ant),
n. One who gives intelligence. — In-form'er, n.
One who imparts news ; one who discloses a vio-
lation of law by another ; betrayer. — In/for-ma'-
tion (Yn'fSr-uia'shun), n. A communicating
knowledge; news; intelligence; knowledge.

In-form'al, a. Not in the usual or established
form ; without ceremony. — In-fonn'al-ly, adv.

— In/ior-mal'i-ty (Yn'for-mal'i-ty), n. Lack of
form ; informal act.

In-frac'tion ( Yu-frak'shBn ), n.

tion. — In-frac'tor (-ter), n.
In-fran'gi-ble (in-frSu'jY-b'1), a

beint; broken.
In-lre'quent (Yn-fre'kwent), a. Seldom happen-
ing ; rare ; uncommon. — In-tre'queilt-ly, adv.

— In-fre'quence (-fre'kweus), In-fre'quen-cy
(-kwen-.-y), n.

Ill-fringe' (iu-frYnj'), v. t. & i. [Infringed (Yn-
frinju') ; Infringing.] To break (contracts) ;
to violate ; to transgress. — In-frin'ger, n. — In-
fringe'ment ( -meut ), n. Breach ; violation ;
non-lulrillment.

In-fU'ri-ate (Yn-fu'rY-at), a. Enraged ; mad ; ra-
ging. — v. I. To render furious ; to enrage.

Ill-fuse7 (Yn-fuz'), v. t. [Infused (-f uzd') ; Infus-
ing.] To pour in (liquid) ; to instill (principles
or qualities) ; to inspirit ; to animate ; to steep in
a liquid without boiling. — In-fu'si-ble (-fu'zY-
b'l), a. Capable of being iniused. — In-fu'si-
Wl'i-ty (-zT-bTll-ty), n. — In-fu'sion (-fu'zhun),
n. An infusing or instilling ; instillation ; sug-
gestion ; steeping of an insoluble substance in
water, to extract its virtues ; liquid obtained by
this process.

In-fu'st-ble (Yn-fu'zY-b'l), a. Not fusible ; diffi-
cult to fuse, melt, or dissolve. — In-fu'si-Ml'i-ty
(-zY-bYlf-ty), n. Incapability of being fused or
dissolved.

i]In'tu-SO,ri-a (Yn'fu-so'i'Y-a), n. pi. Microscopic
animals found in
water and other
fluids, and multi-
plying by gemma-
tion.

In-gen'er-ate (Yn-
jgn'er-at), v. t. To
generate or pro-
duce within; to be-
get ; to occasion ;
within ; inborn ; innate.

In-gen'iOUS (Tn-jen'yiis), a. Possessed of genius
or faculty of invention ; skillful to invent; well
formed ; well adapted. — In-gen'i0US-ly, adv.

— In-gen'ious-ness, In'ge-nu'i-ty (in'je-uul-
ty), n.

In-gen'U-OUS (Yn-jSn'u-us), a. Free from reserve,
disguise, or dissimulation ; frank; artless; sin-
cere ; fair ; generous. — In-gen'U-OUS-ly, adv.

— In-gen'u-ous-ness, n.

In'gle (Tu'k'1), v. A fire; fireplace.
In-glo'ri-OUS ( Yn-glo'iY-fis ), a. Not glorious ;

shameful ; disgraceful. — In-glo'ri-ous-ly, adv.
In'gOt (Yn'g5t), n. A mass or wedge of gold or

unwrought metal.
In-graft' (Tn-gr4fV), r. /. To insert (a scion in a

stock) ; to introduce ; to set deeply and firmly.

Infusoria.
to cause. — a. Generated

In'graln' (Yn'gran'), a. Dyed in the grain;
thoroughly inwrought.—*'.*. To dye in the
grain, or before manufacture ; to work (color)
into the natural texture.

In'gTate7 (Yn'graf), n. An ungrateful person.

In-gra'ti-ate (Yn-gra'shY-at), v. t. To introduce
to favor.

In-grat'i-tude (Yn-grafY-tud), n. Want of grati-
tude ; unth aiklulness.

In-gTB'di-ent (Yn-gre'dY-ent), n. A component
part of a compound or mixture ; element.

In'giess (Yn'gres), n. Entrance ; power, liberty,
or means, of access. — In-gies'sion (-grgsh'un),
n. An entering ; entrance.

In'gui-nal (Yn'gwY-nal), a. Pertaining to the
groin.

In-gulf' (Yn-gulf), v. t. [Ingulfed (-gulff) ; In-
gulfing.] To swallow up in a gulf ; to over-
whelm.

In-haVit (Yn-haVYt), v. t. To live or dwell in. —
v. i. To dwell ; to abide. — In-hab'it-ant (-ant),
In-hab'it-er, n. — In-naVit-a-ble (-a-b'i), a.
Capable ot being inhabited ; habitable. — In-
hab'it-ance (-aus), In-hablt-an-cy (-au-sy), n.
Condition of an inhabitant ; legal residence. —
In-hab/i-ta'tion (-Y-ta'shun), n. An inhabiting ;
place of dwelling.

In-hale' (Yn-hal'), v. t. [Inhaled (-bald'); In-
haling. ] To draw into the lungs ; to inspire. —
In-hal'er, n. One who inhales ; apparatus for
inhaling, for medicinal purposes ; contrivance to
protect the lungs from injury by inhaling damp
air. — In'ha-la'tion (Yn/ha-la'shuu), n. An in-
haling.

In har-mon'ic (Tn'har-mSnlk), In'har-mon'lc-al
(-T-kal), In'hai-mo'ni-ous (Yu'har-mo'iiY-u*), a.
Not harmonious ; discordant.

In-here' (Yn-ber'), v. i. [Inhered (-herd') ; In-
hering.] To be fixed or permanently incorpo-
rated. — In-her'ence ( -her'ens ), In-her'en-cy
(-en-?f), n. Existence in something else. — In-
her'ent (-ent), a. Innate ; native ; natural ; in-
wrought. — In-her'ent-ly, adv.

In-her'it (Tn-hei 'it), v. t. To take by inheritance,
or by descent from an ancestor; to receive by
birth; to have by nature, —v. i. To take or
have as an inheritance or property. — In-her'it-
or (-er), n. — In-her'it-ress (-rgs), In-her'it-rix
(-rlks), ii. An heiress ; a woman entitled to in-
herit. — In-her'it-a-ble (a-b'l), a. Capable of
being inherited or transmitted from parent to
child. — In-her'it-a-bly, adv. — In-her'it-ance
(-ana), n. Hereditary estate ; possession ; own-
ership.

In-he'sion (Tn-he'zhun), a. State of inhering or
belonging to something ; inherence.

In-hib'it (Tn-hlb'Tt), r. /. To check ; to forbid ;
to prohibit.— In/hi-bl'tion (Tn'hT-bTsli'un). n.
Restraint ; prohibition ; embargo. — In-hib'i-
tO-ry (-hTb'T-to-r^), a. Prohibitory.

In-h0S'pi-ta-ble (in-h5s']n-ta-b:l), a. Not hospi-
table ; not disposed to welcome guests; afford-
ing no shelter; cheerless; desert ; wild. — In-
hos ' pi - ta - bly, adv. - In-hos'pi-ta-ble-ness,
In-hos'pi-tal'i-ty (-tai'T-ty). n.

In-hu'man (In-hu'man), a. Cnu 1 ; pitiless ; sav-
age ; barbarous. — In-hu'man-ly, adv. — III'-
hU-mail'i-ty (Tn/hu-mSn'T-ty), n.

In-hume' (Yn-hum'), In-hu'mate (-hu'mat), v. t.

To put in the ground ; to bury ; to inter. — 111'-
hu ma'tion (Tn'hu-ma'shun), n. Interment.

fi, e, i, u, u, long ; &, e, i, 5, ii, y, short ; seu&te, event, idea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

INIMICAL

215

INQUIRY

In-im'i-Cal (Tn-Tm'I-kal), a. Having the dispo-
sition of an enerav ; unfriendly ; repugnant. —
In-im'1-cal-ly, adv.

In-im'i-ta-ble (lu-Im'I-ta-b'l), a. Not capable of
being imitated ; surpassingly excellent ; match-
less ; unique. — In-im'i-ta-bly, adv. — In-lm'i-
ta-ble-ness, In-invi-ta-bil'i-ty (-bil'T-ty), n.

In-i(l'ui-ty (in-Ik'\\i-ty), n. Absence of just
dealing ; act of injustice or unrighteousness ;
wickedness ; sin ; crime. — In-iq'ui-tous (-tus),
a. Wicked ; nefarious ; criminal. — ln-iq/ui-
tOUS-ly, adv.

In-i'tial ( In-Ish'al ), a. First ; beginning. — n.
The first letter of a word. — In-i'tial-ly, adv.

In-i'tl-ate (In-ishl-at), v. t. To begin ; to instruct
in the rudiments ; to introduce into a society or
secret eremonies. — a. Begun ; commenced ; in-
complete ; introduced to a knowledge of. — In-
i'ti-a'tion (-a'shun), n. An initiating ; ceremony
by which one is introduced into a society ; intro-
duction into the principles of a thing unknown.

— In-i'tl-a-tlve (-a-tlv), a. Serving to initiate.

— 7». Introductory step or movement ; right or
power to introduce a new measure or law. —
In-1'tl-a-tO-ry (-a-to-r^), a. Suitable for an in-
troduction or a beginning ; introductory.

In-Ject' (In-jSkt'), v. t. To throw in ; to force into.

— Inject/or, n. — In-jec'tlon (-jSk'shun), n. A
throwing in ; matter injected.

In-]oin' (In-join'), v. t. See Enjoin.
In'Jn-di'cions (lu'ju-dlsh'us), a. Not judicious ;

void of judgment or discretion ; unwise; rash;

imprudent. — In'JU-di'ciOUS-ly, adv. — In/JU-

di'cious-ness, n.
In-Junc'tion (In-junk'shun), n. An enjoining;

an order ; a precept ; a writ or process whereby

a court directs a party to do or refrain from

doing certain acts.
In'jure (lu'jur), v. t. [Injured (-jurd) ; Injuring.]

To harm; to hurt ; to damage. — In'ju-rer, n.

— In-Jtt'ri-ons (-ju'rl-us), a. Not just; hurt-
ful ; pernicious ; baneful. — In-Ju'ri-OUS-ly. adv.

— In-iu'ri-ou3-ness, n. — In'Ju-ry (In'ju-ry),
n. That which brings harm or occasions loss ;
mischief ; detriment ; damage.

In-jus'tice (Tn-jus'tTs), n. Want of justice and
equity; violation of rights; wrong.

Iflfr (ink), n. Colored fluid, used in writing,
printing, etc. —v.t. [Inked (Inkt) ; Inking.]
To black or daub with ink. — Ink/y (Ink'y), a.
Consisting of, or like, ink ; black ; soiled with
ink. — Ink'i-ness, n. — Ink'horn' ( -hern' ),
Ink/stand' (-stand'), n. Vessel to hold ink.

Ink/ling (Inkling), n. Intimation ; desire ; hint ;
slight knowledge.

In'land (In'land), a. Within the land ; remote
from the sea ; interior ; domestic ; not foreign.

— n. Interior part of a country.

In-lay' (In-la')> p. t. [Inlaid (-lad') ; Inlaying.]
To insert (pieces of ivory, wood, metal, etc.)
in a groundwork of other material. — re. Mate-
rial inlaid or fit for inlaying.

Lu'let (InHSt), n. Passage by which an inclosed
place may be entered ; bay in the shore of the
sea, river, etc.

In'ly (Inly), a. Internal; interior. — adv. In-
ternally ; in the heart ; secretly.

In'mate7 (In'rnaf), n. One who lives in the same
house ; a resident in a hospital, convent, etc.

In/most' (In'mosf), a. Furthest in ; most in-
terior; innermost.

Inn (In), re. House for entertainment of travel-
ers ; tavern ; hotel.

In'nate (In'nat or In-nat'), a. Inborn ; native ;
natural. — In'nate-ly, adv. — In'nate-ness, n.

In'ner (In'ner), a. Further in ; interior ; inter-
nal. — In'ner-mosf (-moat/), a. Furthest in-
ward ; inmost.

In'nlng (In'ning), re. Time or turn of being in ;
as, the turn of a player at the bat in baseball,
or of a political party, etc., in power.

In'no-cent (In'no-sent), a. Not harmful ; free
from guilt ; inoffensive ; pure ; blameless ; fault-
less. — re. One free from guilt or harm ; an
idiot ; a simpleton. — In'no-cent-ly, adv. — In'-
no-cence (-sens), re. State of being innocent ;
innocuousness ; purity of heart : imbecility. —
In'no-cen-cy (-sen-s^), re. Same as Innocence,
but obsolete.

In-noc'u-ous (In-n5k'u-us), a. Harmless ; safe. —
In-noc'u-ons-ly, adv. — In-noc'u-ons-ness, n.

In'no-vate (lu'no-vat), v. t. & i. To introduce as
a novelty. — In'no-va'tor (-ter ), n. — In'no-va'-
tion (-va'shuu), re. An innovating ; change.

In-nox'ions (In-nok'shus), a. Free from harm ;
innocent. — In-nox'ions-ly, adv. — In-nox'-
lous-ness, n.

In'nu-en'do (In'nu-en'do), re. ; pi. Innuendoes
(-doz). An oblique hint ; a remote intimation ;
allusion.

In-nu'mer-a-ble (In-nu'iner-a-b'l), a. Not capa-
ble of being numbered ; countless ; unnum-
bered ; very numerous. — In-nu'mer-a-bly. adv.
— In-nn'mer-a-ble-ness, In-nu'mer-a-bil'i-ty
(-bll'I-ty), re.

In'nn-tri'tion (ln'nu-trlsh'un'), re. Want of nu-
trition. — In'nn-tri'tions (-tnsh'us), In-nu'-
tri-tive (Tn-nu'trl-tlv), a. Not nourishing.

In-OC'u-late (In-5k'u-lat), p. t. To bud ; to insert
(the bud of a plant) in another plant, for prop-
agation ; to communicate (a disease) by insert-
ing infectious matter in one's flesh, — v. i. To
graft; to communicate disease. — In-OC'U-la'tor
(-la'ter), n. — In-OC U-la'tion (-la'shun), re. An
inoculating.

In-O'dor-ons (In-o'der-iis), a. Having no smell.

In'Of-fen'sive (Tn'of-fen'sTv), a. Giving no of-
fense ; harmless. — In'of-fen'sive-ly, adv. —
In'of-fen'sive-ness, re.

In'of-fi'cial (In'of-flsh'al), a. Not official ; in a
private capacity. — In'of-fi'cial-ly, adv.

In-Op'er-a-tive (In-op'er-a-tlv), a. Not opera-
tive ; producing no effect.

In-op/por-tnne/ (Tn-5r/por-tun'), a. Not oppor-
tune; unseasonable. — In-op'pOT-tnne'ly, adv.

In-or'di-nate (In-Sr'dl-nat), a. Not limited to
usual bounds ; excessive ; immoderate. — In-Ol'-

di-nate-ly, adv. — In-or'di-nate-ness, n.

Inor-gan'ic (Tn'Sr-gSulk), a. Not organic ; de-
void of organized structure ; unorganized.

In-OS'CU-late (in-5s'ku-lat), v. i. To unite (two
vessels) at their extremities ; to blend ; to be-
come united, — v. t. To unite intimately. — In-
OS CU-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Junction of vessels ;
inherent union or blending.

In'quest (In'kwSst), n. Judicial inquiry ; official
examination ; a coroner's jury.

In-qni'e-tude (In-kwi'e-tud), n. Disturbed state ;
uneasiness.

In-quire/ (In-kwlr'\ v. i. & t. [Inquired (-kwircP) ;
Inquiring.] To ask ; to seek by asking ; to make
investigation. — In-quir'er (-er), n. — In-quir'y

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

INQUISITION

216

INSOLVENT

(-kwlr'y), n. Search for truth or knowledge ;
question ; investigation ; research.

In'qui-si'tion (Yn'kwY-zYsh'un), n. An inquiry ;
examination ; inquest ; finding of a jury ; Ro-
man Catholic tribunal for examination and pun-
ishment of heretics. — In' qui-si'tion-al (-al), a.
Relating to inquiry or to the Inquisition.

In-quis'i-tive (Yn-kwYz'Y-tYv), a. Apt to ask
questions ; prying ; curious. — In-quis'l-tive-

ly, adv. — In-quis'i-tive-ness, n.

In-quis'i-tOT (Yn-kwYz'Y-ter), n. One who in-
quires ; one of the Roman Catholic Court of In-
quisition. — In-qnis'i-to'ri-al (-to'rY-al), a.
Pertaining to inquisition ; impudently or tyran-
nically inquisitive ; searching.

In'road' (Yn'rod'), n. Sudden invasion ; irruption.

In'sa-lU'bri-OUS (Yn'sa-lu'brY-us), nr. Not salu-
brious ; unwholesome. — In'sa-lu'bri-ty (-ty),
n. Unbealthfulness.

In-sane' (Yn-san'), a. Unsound in mind ; crazy ;
demented ; appropriated to insane persons. — In-
Sane'ly, adv. — In-san'i-ty (-saVY-t^), n. Un-
soundness of mind ; derangement ; lunacy.

In-sa'ti-a-ble (Yn-sa'sha-b'l or -shY-a-b'l), a. In-
capable of being satisfied or appeased ; insatiate.
— In-sa'ti-a-bly, adv. — In-sa'ti-a-ble-ness, n.

— In-sa'ti-ate (-at), a. Not to be satisfied. —
In'sa-ti'e-ty (Yn't-a-ti'e-ty), n. Insatiableness.

In-SCribe' (Yn-skrib'), v. t. [Inscribed (-skribd') ;
Inscribing.] To write or engrave ; to imprint ;
to dedicate ; to draw (one figure) within another

— In-scrib'er, n. — In-scrip'tion (-skrYp/shQn),

n. An inscribing ; thing inscribed ; address of a
book to a person. — In-scrip'tive (-tYv), a.
Bearing inscription.
In-scru'ta-ble (Yn-skru/ta-b'l), a. Incapable of
being understood by inquiry ; undiscoverable.

— In-scru'ta-bly, adv. — In-scru'ta-ble-ness,
In-scru'ta-bil'i-ty (-bYi'Y-ty), n.

In'sect (Yn'sekt), n. An articulate animal, hav-
ing six legs, and
breathing through
tubes running
through the body.

In-sec'tl-cide (Yn-
sek'ti-sld), n.
Something used to
kill insects.

In'sec-tiv'o-rous
(Yn'sek-tYv'S-rus) ,
a. Feeding on in-
sects.

In'se-cnre' (Yn'se-
kur'), a. Not se-
cure. — In' se-
curely, adv. —
In'se-cn'ri-ty

(-ku'rt-ty), 71.

In-sen'sate (Yn-sSu'-
sat), a. Destitute
of sense ; stupid ;
foolish.

An Insect ; one of the
Orthontera.

In-Sen'Si-ble (Yn- « Antennas; 6 Eyes ; cHeadj
a Anterior Legs ; e Protho-
r:ix : / Mesothorax ; q Mcta-

thorax \ )> Middle Lees i i
Posterior Wings ; o Anterior
or First Wings; j Posterior

Legs ; A- Abdomen ; / Tibia ;
m Tarsus.

b 6 n ' s Y - b ' 1), a.
Without feeling;
senseless. — In-
sen'si-bly, adv. —
In sen'si-bil'i-ty
(-bTl'Y-ty), n.
In-sen'tient (Yn-Ben'shent),
ception.

a. Not having per-

In-sep'a-ra-ble (Yn-sep'a-ra-b'l), a. Not separa-
ble ; incapable of being disjoined. — In-sep'a-

ra-bly, adv. — In-sep'a-ra-ble-ness, In-sep'a-
ra-bil'i-ty (-bYl'Y-ty), n.

In-sert' (Yn-serf), v. t. To set or put into ; to
introduce. — In-sert'ing, n. A setting in ; trim-
ming, lace, etc., set into garments. — In-ser'tion
(-seVshun), n. An inserting, or thing inserted ;
mode or place of inserting.

In'set (Yn'sgt), n. A thing set in ; insertion.

In'sidV (Yn'sld'), prep, or adv. Within the sides
of ; contained within. — a. Contained ; inte-
rior ; internal. — n. The part within ; pi. the
inward parts ; entrails ; bowels.

In-Sid'i-OUS (Yn-j>Yd'Y-&s), a. Lying in wait, as if
to entrap ; wily ; sly ; treacherous ; deceptive.
— In-sid'i-ous-ly, adv. — In-sid'i-ous-ness, n.

In'sighf (Yn'snV), n. Sight of the interior ; in-
trospection ; thorough knowledge ; acute obser-
vation and deduction.

In-sig'ni-a (Yn-sYg'nY-a), n. pi. Badges of office
or honor ; signs by which anything is distin-
guished.

In'sig-nif i-cant (Tn'sTg-nYfY-kant), a. Not sig-
nificant ; destitute of meaning or effect ; in-
considerable ; trivial ; mean ; contemptible. —

In'sig-nif i-cant-ly, adv. — In'sig-nif'i-cance
(-kans), In'sig-nif/i-can-cy (-kan-sy), n.

In' Sin-cere7 (Yn'sin-ser'), a. Not sincere ; deceit-
ful; hypocritical; false; disingenuous; hollow.
— In'sin-cere'ly, adv. — In'sin-cer'i-ty (-ser'I-
ty), n.

In-Sin'U-ate (Yn-sYn'u-at), v. t. To introduce
gently or artfully ; to instill ; to hint ; to sug-
gest by remote allusion ; to work one's self into
favor, —v.i. To creep, wind, or flow, in; to
ingratiate one's self. — In-sin'U-a'tOT (-a'ter),
n. — In-sin'U-a'tion (-a'ohun), n. A creeping
or winding in ; a gaining favor by gentle or art-
ful means ; a hint. — In-sin'U-a-tive (-S-tYv), a.
Ste ding on the confidence ; giving hints.

In-sip'id (Yn-sYr/Yd), a. Destitute of taste, life, or
animation ; dull ; spiritless ; fiat. — In-sip'id-ly,
adv. — In'si-pid'i-ty (Yn'sY-pYd'Y-ty), In-sip'id-
ness (-sip'Id-ngs), n.

In-sist' (Yn-sYsf), V. i. To dwell upon as a matter
of moment ; to be persistent, urgent, or press-
ing. — In-Sistfent (-ent), a. Standing or resting
on ; persistent ; persevering.

In-Si'tion (Yn-sYsh'fm or -bYzh'iin), n. Insertion
of a scion in a stock.

In-snare' (Yn-snSr'), v. t. [Insnared (-snSrd') ;
Insnarino.] To catch in a snare ; to entrap ; to
seduce by artifice. — In-Snar'er, n.

In'SO-bri'e-ty (Yn'so-bri'e-tJ), n. Want of sobri-
ety ; intemperance.

In'SO-late (Yn'so-lat), v. t. To expose to the sun's
rays. — In'SO-la'tion (-la'shiin), n. Exposure
to, or stroke of, the sun.

In'so-lent (Yn'so-lent), a. Proud with contempt
of others ; overbearing ; insulting ; offensive ;
impudent ; pert ; rude. — In'SO-lent-ly, adv. —
In'so-lence (-lens), n.

In-SOl'U-ble (Yn-851'u-b'l), a. Not soluble ; inca-
pable of being dissolved by a liquid ; not to be
solved or explained. — In-SOl'U-bll'i-ty (-bYl'I-
ty). n.

In-SOlv'a-ble (Yn-sSlv'i-b'l), a. Not solvable ; not
capable of solution, or of being paid ; inex-
tricably.

In-sol'vent (Yn-sSl'vent), a. Not solvent; unable

a, B| i, u, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

INSOLVENCY

217

INSURGENT

to pay one's debts. — n. One unable to pay his
debts. — In-SOl'ven-cy (Tn-sol'ven-s^), n.

In/SO-mucll, (In'so-much'), adv. So ; in such wise.

Hln/SOU'ciant' (aN'soc/syaNt'), a. Careless; in-
different ; unconcerned. — ||In ' SOU ' ciance '
(-syaNs'), n. Unconcern.

In-spect' (ln-spekf), v. t. To view narrowly ;
to examine critically. — In-spect'or, n. — - In-

spect'or-ate (,-ter-at), In-spect'or-ship, n. Of-
fice, residence, or district of an inspector. —
Ln-spection (-spek'shun), n. An inspecting;
survey ; official examination ; superintendence.

In-sphere' (Iii-sfer'), v. t. To place in a sphere.

In-Spire' (in-.->pir'), v. i. [Inspired (-splrd') ; In-
spiking.] To draw in breath ; to breathe ; to
blow gently. — v. t. To breathe into ; to infuse ;
to affect, && with superior or supernatural influ-
ence. — In-spir'er, n. — In-spir'a-ble (-a-b'i),
a. Capiblj of being inspired. — In spi-ra'tion
( Tn'spl-ra'shun ), n. A breathing in, infusing,
etc. ; supernatural divine influence on the mind
enabling it to communicate moral truth. — In-
Spil'a-tO-ry (-spir'a-to-ry), a. Pertaining to or
aiding inspiration.

In-spir it (ln-splr'it), v. t. To infuse spirit in ;
to enliven ; to cheer ; to encourage.

In-spiS'sate (ln-spls'sat), v. t. To thicken (fluids)
by evaporation. — a. Thick ; inspissated. —
In'spis-sa'tion (-sa'shuu), n. An inspissating.

In-Sta'ble (lu-sta'b'l), a. Not stable; mutable; in-
constant — In'Sta-bil'i-ty (In'sta-bll'i-ty), n.

In-stair (In-stal'), v. t. [Installed (-staid') ; In-
stalling.] To set in a seat ; to instate in office,
rank, etc. — Ln'stal-la'tion (In'3t51-la7sliun), n.
An installing ; institution. — In-stall'ment (In-
stal'ment), n. An installing ; part of a sum of
money paid at a particular period.

In'Stance (Tn'stans), n. The being instant or
pressing ; occasions occurrence ; solicitation ;
example ; case. — v. t. [Instanced (-stanst) ;
Instancing.] To mention as an example or
case. — In'stant (-stant), a. Pressing ; urgent ;
quick ; current. — n. A moment. — In'stant-ly,
Illn-Stan'ter (-stSn'ter), adv. Immediately ; at
once. — In 3tan ta'ne-ous (Tn'stan-ta'ne-iis), a.
Done in an instant. — In'Stan-ta'ne-OUS-ly, adv.

— La'stan-ta'ne-ous-ness, ».

In-State7 (lu-stat'), v. t. To set ; to place ; to es-
tablish (in a rank or condition).

In'stau-ra'tion (In'sta-ra'shun), n. Restoration ;
repair ; renovation.

In-SteadV (Tn-stSi'), adv. In the stead or room ;
equal to.

In'step (In'stSp), n. The upper side of the foot.

In'Stl-gate (In'stT-gat), v. t. To urge forward ; to
set on ; to urge ; to impel ; to animate. — In'sti-
ga'tor, n. — In'sti-ga'tion (-ga'shuii), n. An
instigating ; incitement.

In-Still' (Tn-stll'), Instil', v. t. [Instilled;
Instilling.] To pour in by drops; to infuse
slowly, or by degrees ; to insinuate ; to incul-
cate. — In-still' er, In'stil-la'tor (la'ter), n. —
In'stil-la'tion (Tn'stTl-la'shun), In-still'ment
(-stTl'ment), In-stil'ment, n. An instilling ; that
which is instilled.

In-Stincf (in-stTnkt'), a. Urged from within ;
moved ; imbued ; quick. — In'stinct (Tn'stTnkt),
n. Unconscious or unreasoning prompting to
action ; natural impulse by which an animal is
guided to performance of any action. — In-
Stinc'tive (In - stTnk ' tlv ), a. Prompted by

instinct; acting without reasoning or experi-
ence. — Instinc'tive-ly, adv.

In'Sti-tUte (In'stl-tut), v. (. To set up ; to estab-
lish ; to ordain ; to found ; to begin ; to set in
operation. — n. Thing instituted; established
law ; settled order ; precept ; principle ; insti-
tution. — In'sti-tu'tor (-tu'ter), n. — In'sti-tu'-
tion (In'stl-tu'shun), n. An instituting ; estab-
lishment; foundation; education; enactment;
ordinance ; organized society ; treatise ; system
of rules. — In'Sti-tU'tive (-11 v), a. Tending or
intended to institute ; established.

In- Struct' (In-strukt'), v. t. To teach ; to educate ;
to iuiorm ; to direct; to order ; to command. —
In-struct'er, In-struct'or, n. — In-struct'ress,
n. Jem. — lii-struc'tion (Tu-struk'ohun), n. A
teaching ; education ; information ; advice. —
In-Struct'ive (-tl v), a. Conveying knowledge ;
serving to instruct. — In-Struct'ive-ly, adv. —
In-struct'ive ness, n.

In'Stru-ment (In'otru-ment), n. That by which
work is perlormed ; tool ; implement for pro-
ducing musical sounds ; implement ; legal writ-
ing ; agent. — In'stru-men'tal (- men ' tal), a.
Acting as an instrument ; conducive to an end ;
made by, or prepared for, musical instruments.

— In'stru-men'tal-ly, adv. — In'stru-men-tal'-
i-ty (-meu-tai'i-tjr), n. Quality of being instru-
ment il ; agency.

In'SUD-Jec'tion (in ' sub - jgk ' shun), n. Want of
subjection ; disobedience.

In'sub-or'di-nate (Tn'sub-6r'dT-nat), a. Not sub-
misbi ve ; mutinous. — In ' SUD - or ' dl - na ' tion
(-ua'ohun), n. Disobedience to authority.

In-SUffer-a-Dle (In-suf'ier-a-b'l), a. Not to be
borne ; unendurable ; intolerable. — In-SUl'fer-
a-bly, adv.

In'Sttf-f i'cient (in ' suf - f T sh ' ent), a. Not suffi-
cient; in Adequate; unfit; incapable. — In' SUf-
fi'cient-ly, adv. — In'suf-ii'cience (-f ish'ens),
In'sui-fi'cien-cy (-en-sy), n.

In'SU-lar (In'ciS-ler), a. Belonging to an isle ;
surrounded by water. — In'SU-lar'i-ty (-lar'I-
tf) , n. The state of being insular. — In'su late
(-lat), v. t. To place in a detached situation ; to
isolate ; to separate (from other bodies) by non-
conductors of heat or electricity. — In'SU-la'tor
( -la' ter ), n. — In'SU-la'ted ( - la' tSd), p. a.
Standing by itself ; separated by nonconduct-
ors of electricity, etc. — In'su-la'tion (-la'shun),
n. An insulating ; a detachment.

In'SUlt(Tii'sult), n. Affront ; indignity ; outrage.

— In-SUlt' (Tn-sulf), v t. To treat with abuse,
insolence, or contempt. — In-SUlt'er, n. One
who insults.

In-SU'per-a-ble (Tn-su'per-a-b'l), a. Not supera-
ble ; impassable ; incapable of being overcome
or surmounted ; invincible. — In-SU'per-a-bly,
adv. — In-su'per-a-ble-ness, Insu'per-a-bil'-
i-ty (-bTl'i-tJ), n.

In'sup-port'a-ble (Tn'sup-port'a-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being supported or borne ; insufferable ;
intolerable. — In'sup-port'a-bly, adv. — In'-
sup-port'a-ble-ness, n.

In-sure' (Tn-shur'), v. t. & i. [Insured (-shurd') ;
Insuring.] To make sure ; to secure against
possible loss. — In-sur'er, n. — In-sur'a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Capable of being insured. — In-
SUT'ance (-ans), n. An insuring against loss by
payment of a certain sum.

In-SUr'gent (In-sQr'jeut), a. Rising in opposition

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cbair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

INSURMOUNTABLE

218

INTERFERE

to lawful authority ; insubordinate ; rebellious.
— n. One who rises in revolt ; a rebel.

In'SUI-mount'a-ble (lu'sur-mount'a-b'l), a. Inca-
pable 01 being surmounted or overcome ; insu-
perable. — In'sur-mount'a-bly, adv. — In'sur-
mount'a-ble-ness, n.

In'SUT-rec'tion (in ' &ur - rSk ' shun), n. A rising
against authority ; sedition ; revolt ; rebellion.

— In'sur-rec'tion-al, In'sur-rec'tion-a-ry (-a-

ry), a. Pertaining to insurrection ; seditious.

In'SUS-cep'ti-ble (lu'sus-sep'ti-b'l), a. Not sus-
ceptible ; not capable of teeliug.

In-tact' (In-tSkf), a. Untouched ; unharmed.

In-tagl'iO (Iu-tal'y6 ; //. en-ta'1'yo), n. A cutting;
an eugraviug ; a figure cut into a seal, gem, etc.

In-tan'gi-ble(In-tan'jI-b'l), a. Not tangible; not
perceptiuie to the touch. — In-tan' gi-ble-ness,
In-tan'gi-bil'i-ty (-bTl'I-ty), n.

In'te-ger (lu'te-jer), m. A whole number. — In'-
te-gral (-grtfl), a. Complete ; whole ; entire ;
not fractional. — n. A whole number ; an en-
tire thing. — In'te-gral-ly, adv. — In'te-grant
(-grant), a. Making part of a whole ; neces-
Bary to constitute an entire thing. — In'te-grate
(-grat), v. t. To make entire ; to give the suui or
total. — In'te-gra'tion (-gra'shiin), n. A mak-
ing entire. — ln-teg'ri-ty (In-teg'rl-ty), n. State
of being complete ; wholeness ; moral sound-
ness ; honesty ; uprightness ; virtue ; rectitude.

In-teg'u-ment (In-teg'u-ment), n. Natural cov-
ering.

In'tel-lect (Tn'tgl-lekt), n. Power to judge and
comprehend ; understanding. — In'tel-lec'tion
(-lSk'shun), n. Simple apprehension of ideas ;
intuition. — In'tel-lec'tive (-lek'tlv), a. Per-
taining to the intellect. — In'tel-lec'tlve-ly,
adv. — In'tel-lec'tU-al (-tu-al), a. Belonging
to, or performed by, the understanding ; men-
tal. — In'tel-lec'tu-al-ly, adv.

Itt-telll-gent (Tn-tgl'lT-jent), a. Endowed with
understanding or reason ; well informed ; skill-
ful. — In-telli-gent-ly, adv.— In-telli-gence
(-jens), n. Act of knowing ; the intellect ; in-
formation communicated ; advice ; news.

In-tel'li-gi-ble (Tn-tgl'lT-jT-b'l), a. Capable of
being understood ; perspicuous; plain ; clear.

— In-telll-gl-bly, adv. — In-telli-gi-ble-ness,
In-tel'li-gl-bil'i-ty (-jI-bTlT-t?), n.

In-temrper-ate (In-tSm'per-at), a. Indulging to
excess any appetite or passion ; ungovernable ;
inordinate ; addicted to excessive use of spirit-
uous liquors. — In-tem'per-ate-ly, adv. — In-
tem'per-ate-ness, In-tem'per-ance (-«ns), n.

In-ten'a-ble (In-tSn'a-b'l), a. Incapable of being
held ; untenable.

In-tend' (In-tgnd'), v. t. To fix the mind upon ;
to purpose ; to design ; to mean. — In-tend'er,
n. — In-tend'ant (-<7nt), n. Superintendent;
overseer. — In-tend'ed, n. One betrothed ; an
affianced lover.

In-tense' (Til-tens'), a. Strained ; tightly drawn ;
ardent ; keen ; earnest ; violent. — In-tenseTy,
adv. — In-tense'ness, In-ten'si-ty (-tgn'sl-ty),
n. — In-ten'si-fy (-fi), v. t. & i. To render or
become intense, or more intense. — In-ten'sive
(-slv), a. , Assiduous ; intense ; giving force or
emphasis. — In-ten'sive-ly, am.

In-tent' (Tn-tenf), a. Having the mind bent on
an object ; fixed closely ; diligent. — n. A turn-
ing the mind toward an object ; design ; pur-
pose ; meaning ; end ; aim. — In-tent'ly, adv.

— In-tent'ness, n. — In-ten'tion (Tn-tSn'shun),
n. A bending of the mind toward an object ;
close application ; object intended ; design ;
aim ; drift. — In-ten'tion-al, a. Done by inten-
tion ; intended ; designed. — In-ten'tlon-al-ly,
adv.

In-ter' (Tn-ter'), v. t. [Interred (-terd') ; Inter-
ring.] To deposit in the earth ; to bury ; to in-
hume. — ln-ter'rer, n. — In-ter'ment (-ment),
n. Burial ; sepulture.

In'ter-act' (In'ter-Skf ), n. A short act, between
others, in a play. — v. i. To act upon each
other.

In-ter'ca-late (Tn-teVka-lat), v. t. To insert be-
tween others. — In-ter'ca-la'tlon (-la'shim), n.
Insertion of a day in a calendar ; a geological
layer between other layers, etc. — In-ter'ca-la-
ry (-ter'ka-la-ry), a. Introduced in the midst
of others.

In'ter-cede' (In'ter-sed'), v. i. To act between ;
to interpose ; to mediate. — In'ter-ced'er, n. —
In'Ur-ced'ent (-ent), a. Passing between ; me-
diating.

In'ter-cept' (fn'ter-sgpt'), v. t. To stop on its
passage ; to obstruct the progress of. — In'ter-
cept'er, n. — In'ter-cep'tion (-sgp'shfin), n. A
stopping ; hindrance.

In ter-ces'sion (Tn'ter-sesh'iin), n. An interced-
ing ; mediation ; interposition between parties
at variance ; solicitation to one party in favor
of another. — In'ter-ces'sor (-ser), n. — In'ter-
ces'SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Containing intercession ;
interceding.

In/ter-Change/ (Tn'ter-chanj'), v. t. To put each
in the place of the other ; to exchange ; to alter-
nate. — v. i. To succeed alternately. — Inter-
change7 (Tn'ter-chanJO, n. Mutual exchange ;
barter ; commerce. — In ter-change'a Die (-a-
b'l), a. Admitting of exchange ; following each
other in alternate succession. — In'ter-Change'-
a-bly, adv. — In'ter-change'a-ble-ness, In'ter-
change'a-bil'i-ty (-tli'l-ty), n.

In/ter-C0-l0/nl-al (Tn'ter-ko-hynX-al), a. Among
colonies ; pertaining to mutual relations be-
tween different colonies.

In'ter-co-lum'ni-a'tion (In ' ter - k6 - 15m ' nT - 5 '-
shun), n. Clear space between two columns.

In ter-com-mun'ion (Tn'ter-kSm-mun'yun), n.
Mutual communion.

Inter-cos'tal (In'ter-kos'tal), a. Placed between
the ribs.

In'ter-course (Tn'ter-kors), n. Mutual dealings ;
interchange of thought and feeling ; commerce ;
familiarity ; acquaintance.

In'ter-de-pend'ence (In'ter-de-pgnd'ens), n. Mu-
tual dependence.

In'ter-dict' (In'ter-dTkf), v. t. To forbid ; to pro-
hibit. — In'ter-dict' (Tn'ter-dTkf), n. Prohi-
bition. — In'ter-dic'tion (-dTk'shQn), n. An
interdicting. — In'ter-dict'ive (-tlv), In'ter-
dict'O-ry (-to-r>r), a. Prohibitory.

In'ter-est (Tn'ter-Sst), v. t. To excite emotion or
attention in ; to concern ; to affect. — n. Special
attention to some object ; sympathy ; share ;
part ; advantage ; premium paid for the use of
money ; profit derived from money lent, or
property used by another. — In'ter-est-ed, a.
Having an interest; liable to be affected.—
In'ter-est-ing, a. Engaging attention or curi-
osity ; exciting interest ; pleasing.

In'ter-iere' (In' ter-fer'), t>. t. [Interfered

jl, e, 1, 5, d, long ; &,«,!, 5, u, y, short ; sen&te, 6 vent, Idea, Sbey , dnite, cAre, arm, ask, aU, final,

INTERFERENCE

219

INTERRUPT

To unite, as by

Interlacing Arches.
A blink leaf insert-

( -ferd' ) ; Interfering.] To come in collision ;
to clash ; to take part in concerns of others ; to
interpose; to intermeddle. — In'ter-fer'ence
(-ens), n. Interposition ; collision ; clashing.

Ln/ter-iin (in'ter-im), n. The mean time ; inter-
val.

In-te'ri-or (Tn-te7ri-er), a. Being within ; inter-
nal ; inner ; inland. — n. Internal part of a
thing; inside; inland part of a country. — In-

te'ri-or-ly, adv.

In'ter-ja'cent (ln'ter-ja'sent), a. Lying between ;
intervening.

In ter-Ject' (Tn'ter-jeKt/), v. t. To throw in be-
tween ; to insert. — In'ter-jec'tion (-jSk'shuu),
n. A throwing between; a word thrown in
between words connected in construction, to
express emotion or passion. — In'ter-jec'tion-al
(-al), a. Thrown in between other words ; par-
enthetical ; ejaculatory.

In ter-lace/ (In'ter-laV), 1
lacing together ; to in-
terpose ; to intermix.

Inter-lard' (In'ter-liird'),
v. t. To mix in ; to di-
versify by mixture ; to
interpose.

iD/ter-lay' (Tn'ter-laO, v.
t. [Interlaid (-la J') ;
Interlaying.] To lay
or place among or be-
tween.

In'ter-leaf' (Tn'ter-leF), n
ed. — Inter-leave7 (Tu'ter-lev'), v. t. [Inter-
leaved (-levd') ; Interleaving.] To insert a
leaf into (a book, between other leaves).

In'ter-line7 (Tn'ter-lin'), v. t. To write between
the lines of . — In'ter-lin'e-al (-lin'e-al), In7-
ter-llll'e-ar (-er), a. Written or inserted be-
tween other lines. — In'ter-lin'e-a'tion (-lTn'e-
a'shun), n. An interlining ; a passage or line
inserted between lines before written.

In'ter-link' (Tn'ter-lTnk'), v. t. [Interlinked
(-llnkf) ; Interlinking.] To comiect by unit-
ing links.

Inter-lock' (Tn'ter-15k'), v. i. & t. [Interlocked
(-15kf ) ; Interlocking.] To unite by locking
together.

In'ter-lo-CU'tion (Tn'ter-16-ku'shun), n. Dia-
logue ; conference ; intermediate discussion. —
In'ter-lOC'U-tOI (-lok'u-ter), n. One who speaks
in dialogue. — In ' ter - loc ' U - to-ry (-to-ry), a.
Consisting of dialogue ; not final or definitive.

In'ter-lope' (Tn' ter- lop'), v. i. [Interloped
(-lopf); Interloping.] To traffic without a li-
cense ; to iutruds. — In'ter-lop'er, n.

In'ter-lude (In'ter-lul), n. An entertainment
between the acts of a play ; piece of instru-
mental music played between the parts of a
song or hymn.

Ill/ter-mar'ry (Tn'ter-mar'ry), v. i. To become
connected by marriage between members (of a
family, etc.). — In'ter-mar'riage (-rij), n. Mar-
riage between two families, tribes, etc.

In'ter-med'dle (Tn'ter-mSd'd'l), v. i. To meddle
in affairs of others ; to interpose ; to interfere.
— In ter-med'dler, n.

In'ter-me'di-al (Tn'ter-me'dT-rrl), In'ter-me'di-a-
ry (-S-ry), In'ter-me'di-ate (-at), a. Lying or

being between extremes ; intervening ; interja-
cent" — In'ter-me'di-ate (-at), v. ?. To inter-
vene ; to interpose. — ln/ter-me/di-ate-ly, adv.

. Inter-
demand

In-ter'ment (Tn-ter'ment), n. See under Intbb,
v. t.

In-ter'mi-na-Dle (Tn-ter'niT-na-b'l), a. Without
termination ; endless ; infinite ; unlimited. —
In-ter'mi-na-bly, adv.

In'ter-min'gle (in'ter-min'g'1), v. t. & i. To
mingle or mix together.

In'ter-mit' (Tn'ter-mit'), v . t. & i. [Intermitted ;
Intermitting.] To stop for a time ; to inter-
rupt; to suspend. — In'ter-mit'tent (-tent), a.
Ceasing at intervals. — n. A disease which sub-
sides at certain intervals ; fever and ague. —
In'ter-mit'ting-ly, adv. — in'ter-mis'sion
(-unsh'un), n. Cessation for a time ; temporary
pause ; interval ; stop ; rest. — In'ter-mis'sive
(-siv), a. Coming by fits ; not continual.

In'ter-mix' (ln'ter-mTks'), v. t. & i. [Intermixed
(-mikst/) ; Intermixing.] To mix together ; to
intermingle. — In'ter-mix'ture (-ttir), n. A mix-
ing ; a mass formed by mixture.

In-ter'nal (ln-ter'nal), a. Inward ; interior ; do-
mestic ; intrinsic ; real. — fci-ter'nal-ly, adv.

In'ter-na'tion-al (iu'ter-n5sh'uu-al), a. Existing
between different nations, — n. An association
for advancement of workingmen's interests in
all nations ; a member of this association.

In/ter-ne/cine (Tn'ter-ne'&in or -sin), a. Mutu-
ally destructive ; deadly.

In'ter-pel-la'tion (Tn'ter-pgl-la'shun), j
ruption ; interposition ; intercession
for explanation.

In'ter-plead' (In'ter-pled'), v. i. To discuss a
preliminary point incidentally happening, be-
fore the principal cause. — In'ter-plead'er, n.

In-ter'po-late (in-ter'po-lat), v. t. To insert (a
spurious passage) in a book, etc. ; to change (a
book or text) by insertion of matter foreisrn to
the purpose of the author. — In-ter'po-la' tor
(-la'ter), n. — In-ter'po-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A
foisting a word or passage into genuine writings
of an author.

In'ter-pose' (Tn'ter-poz'), v. t. & i. [Interposed
(-poz 1') ; Interposing.] To thrust in between ;
to mediate ; to interfere. — In'ter-pos'er, n. —
In'ter-p03'al (-al), n. Interference; interven-
tion. — In'ter-po-si'tion (-p6-zTsh'un), n. A
being, placing, or coming between ; agency be-
tween parties ; thing interposed.

In-ter'pret ( Tn-ter'prgt ), v. t. [Interpreted ;
Interpreting.] To explain the meaning of ; to
expound ; to free from obscurity ; to make clear ;
to unfold. — In-ter'pret-er, n. — In-ter'pre-ta'-
tion (-pre-ta'shun), n. An interpreting ; explan-
ation ; translation ; version ; meaning ; sense.

In'ter-reg'nnm (In ' ter - rgg ' num), n. Time a
throne is vacant between the death of a king
and the accession of his successor.

In-ter'rer, n. See under Inter, v. t.

\ In-ter'ro-gate (Tn-t5r'r6-gat), v. t. & i. To ques-

| tion ; to inquire ; to ask. — In-ter/ro-ga'tor, n. —

I In-ter'ro-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A questioning ;

| inquiry ; mark [?] indicating that the sentence

I preceding it is a question. — In'ter-rog'a-tive

I (Tn'ter-rSg'a-tYv), a. Denoting a question ; ex-

| pressed in the form of a question. — n. A word

| used in asking questions. — In'ter-IOg'a-tive-ly,
adv. — In'ter-rog'a-to-ry (-a-to-ry), ». A ques-

j tion; inquiry. —a. Containing or expressing

I a question.
In'ter-rupt' (Tn'ter-riipt'), v. t. To break into or
between ; to interfere with the motion of ; to

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, choir, go, sing, luk, then, thin.

INTERRUPTER

220

INTROVERT

break the succession or order of. — In'ter-rupt/-
er (In'ter-rupt'er), n. — In'ter-rup'tion (-rup'-
shun), n. A breaking in upon ; obstruction ;
hindrance ; stop ; intermission.

In'ter-sect' (Yn'ter-sekf), v. t. & i. To cut into ;
to cross. — In'ter-sec'tion (-sek'shun), n. An
intersecting ; a point or line where two lines or
planes cut each other.

Ili'ter-space7 (Yn'ter-spaV), n. Intervening space.

In/ter-sperse/ (Yn'ter-spers'), v. t. [Interspersed
(-sperst/); Interspersing.] To scatter or set
here and there. — Ln'ter-sper'sion (-sper'shun),
n. An interspersing.

In'ter-stel'lar (Yn'ter-steVier), In'ter-stel'la-ry

(-la-ry), a. Situated among the stars.

In-ter'stice ( Yn-ter'stYs ), n. Empty space be-
tween things closely set, or parts composing
a body. — In'ter-sti'tial ( Yn'ter-stYsh'al), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, interstices.

Inter-tex'ture ( Yn'ter-teks'tur ), n. An inter-
weaving ; state of things interwoven.

In'ter-twine' (Yn'ter-twin'), In'ter-twist/ (Yn'ter-
twYst/), v. t. & i. To unite by twining ; to in-
volve.

In'ter-val (Yn'ter-val), n. Space between things ;
time between events.

In'ter-vene' (Yn'ter-ven'), v. i. [Intervened
(-vend'); Intervening.] To be, occur, fall, or
come between persons, things, points of time,
or events; to undertake an action voluntarily

for another. — in'ter- ven'er, n. — In'ter-ven'-
tion (-vSn'shun), n. An intervening ; interposi-
tion.

In'ter-View ( Yn'ter-vu ), n. A formal meeting ;
conference ; conversation to elicit information ;
a published statement thus elicited. — v. t. To
question or converse with, esp. to get informa-
tion for publication. — In'ter- viewer, n.

In/ter-weave/ (Yn'ter-wev'), V. t. limp. & obs.
p. p. Interwove (-wov') ; p. p. Interwoven
(-woVn) ; p. pr. Interweaving.] To weave to-
gether ; to unite in texture ; to intermix ; to
connect closely.

In-tes'tate (Yn-tgs'tat), a. Dying without having
made a valid will ; not disposed of by will. —
n. One who dies without making a valid will.

In-tOS'tlne (In - tSs ' tin ), a. Internal ; inward ;
domestic, not foreign. — n. Canal from the
stomach to the anus ; pi. bowels ; entrails. —
In-tes'ti-nal (-tY-nal), a. Pertaining to the in-
testines.

In-thrall' (Yn-thral'), v. t. [Inthralled (-thrald');
Inthralling.] " To reduce to servitude ; to en-
slave. — In-thrall'ment ( - ment ), n. An in-
thralling ; slavery ; bondage.

In-throne' (Yn-thron'), v. t. Same as Enthrone.

In'tl-mate (Yn'tY-mat), a. Innermost ; inward ;
near ; close ; familiar. — n. A familiar friend or
associate. — In'ti-mate-ly, adv. — In'ti-ma-cy
(-ma-s^), n. The state of being intimate ; close
fellowship.

In'tl-mate (Yn'tY-mat), v. t. To suggest indi-
rectly or not plainly ; to give slight notice of ; to
hint. — In/ti-ma'tlon (-ma'shun), n. An inti-
mating ; a hint.

In-tim'1-date (Yn-tYm'Y-dat), v. t. To make timid ;
to inspire with fear ; to abash ; to deter ; to ter-
rify. — In-tim/1-da'ticn (-da'shiin), n. A mak-
ing fearful ; state of being abashed.

In'tO (Yn'too), prep. To the inside of ; within.

lll-tol'er-a-ble (Yn-t51'er-a-b'l), a. Not tolerable

a,

not to be borne or endured ; insufferable. — In-
tol'er-a-bly, adv. — In-tol'er-a-ble-ness, n. —
In-tol'er-ant (-ant), a. Not enduring difference
of opinion ; not able or willing to endure. —
In-tol'er-ance (-aus), In-tol/er-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. Want of toleration.

In-tomb' (Yn-tdom'), v. t. [Intombed (-toomd') ;
Intombing.] To deposit in a tomb ; to bury.

In-tone7 ( Yn-ton' ), v. i. [Intoned (-tond') ; In-
toning.] To give forth a deep, protracted
sound. — v. t. To utter with prolonged tone ;
to chant. — In'to-na'tion (Yn'to-na'shun), n. A
sounding the tones of the musical scale ; quality
of a voice or musical instrument as regards
tone ; modulating the voice musically ; the read-
ing (a liturgical service) with a musical accen-
tuation and tone.

In-tOX'i-cate (Yu-toks'i-kat), v. t. To make
drunk ; to inebriate ; to excite to delirium. —
In-tOX'i-ca'tion (-ka'skun), n. Drunkenness;
infatuation ; delirium.

In-tract'a-ble (Yn-tr5kt'a-b'l), a. Not tractable,
easily governed, or directed ; stubborn ; refrac-
tory ; unruly ; headstrong ; unmanageable ;
unteachable. — In-tract'a bly, adv. — In-tract'-
a-ble-ness, In-tract'a-bil'i-ty (-bYl'Y-ty), n.

In-tian'si-tive (Yn-trSn'sY-tYv), a. Not transi-
tive or passing over ; expressing an action or
state limited to the agent ; — said of verbs not
requiring an object to complete the sense. — In-
tran'si-tive-ly, adv.

In-trench/ (Yn-tieuch'), v. t. [Intrenched (Yn-
trencht') ; Intrenching.] To surround with a
trench ; to fortify. — v. i. To invade ; to en-
croach. — In- txench'ment (-ment), to. An in-
trenching ; f ortification ; defense or protection ;
encroachment on the rights of another.

In-trep'id (Yn-trep'Yd), a. Fearless; bold. — In-
trep'id-ly, adv. — In'tre-pid'i-ty (Yn'tre-pYd'Y-
ty), n. Courage ; bravery ; fortitude ; valor.

In'tri-Cate (Yn'trY-kat), a. Entangled ; involved ;
comj heated; obscure. — In'tri-cate-ly, adv. —
In'tii-cate-ness, In'tri-ca-cy (-ka-6y), n.

In-trigue' (Yn-treg'), n. Complicated plot to effect
some purpose ; artifice r conspiracy ; amour ;
liaison —v. i. [Intrigued (-tregd') ; Intrigu-
ing.] To form a plot or scheme ; to carry on an
amour. — In-trigu'er, n. — l|In/tri/gante' (Sn'-
tre'giiNt' ; E. Yn'trY-gSnt'), n. Female intriguer.

In-trin'siC (Yn-trYn'sYk), a. Inward ; true ; real ;
essential ; inherent. — _In-trin'slc-al-ly, adv.

In'tro-duce' (YnUr6-dus'), v. t. [Introduced
(-dust') ; Introducing.] To bring or usher in ;
to make acquainted ; to bring into notice ; to ^
produce ; to begin. — In'tro-du'cer, n. — In'-
tro-dUC'tlon (-duk'shun), n. An introducing,
bringing to notice, or making persons known
to each other ; preliminary matter ; treatise in-
troductory to other treatises, or to a course of
study. — In'tro-duc'tive (-tYv), In'tro-duc'to ry
(-to-r^), a. Serving to introduce fcomething
else ; preliminary ; prefatory.

Dl'tro-mit' (Yn'trS-mYt'), v. t. [Intromited ; In-
tromiting.] To send in; to let in ; to admit.
— Intro mis'slon (-mYsh'Qn), n A sending or
conveying i«-

In'tro-spect' (Yn'trS-spSkf), v. t. To look into or
within. — In tXO-spec'tion (-speVshiin), n. View
of the interior. — In'tro-spec'tlve (-tYv), a.
Seeing inwardly.

In'tro-vert' (Yn'trS-vert'), v. t. To turn inward.

r-a-ble (Yn-t51'er-a-b'l), a. Not tolerable ; In'tro-vert' (Yn'tro-vert'), v. t. To turn n
6, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 6, A, y, short ; seuftte, Svent, idea, 6bey , auite, cftre, arm, ftsk, all

final,

INTROVERSION

221

INVITER

— In'tlO-Ver'sion (-ver'shun), n. An introvert-
ing.

In-trude/ (In-trud'), v. i. & I. To thrust in ; to en-
ter, unwelcome or uninvited ; to encroach ; to
infringe. — In-trud'er, n. — In-tTU'sion ( In-tru'-
zhun), n. An intruding ; entrance without in-
vitation, right, or welcome. — In-tru/sive (-siv),
a. Tending or apt to intrude. — In-tTU'Sive-ly,
adv. — In-tra'sive-ness, n.

In-trust' (In-trust'), v. t. To confide to the care
of; to commit; to consign.

In'tU-i'tion (In'tu-Ish'un), n. Immediate knowl-
edge, as in perception or consciousness ; quick
insight. — In'tu-i'tion-al (-«i), In-tu'i-tive (in-
tu'I-tlv), a. Seeing clearly ; knowing, received,
or obtained, by intuition. — In-tu'i-tive-ly, adv.

In'tU-mesce' ( In ' tu - m8s ' ), v. i. [Intumesced
(-meW); Intumescing (-mes'siug).] To ex-
pand with heat; to swell. — In'tu-mes'cence
(-mesons), n. A swelling ; tumid state.

In-twine' (In-twin'), In-twist' (-twist'), v. t. & i.
To twine or twist into, or together ; to wreathe.

In-Un'date (In-un'dat), v. t. To overflow ; to del-
uge ; to flood. — In'UU-da'tion (In'un-da'shun),
n. An inundating ; flood.

In-ure' (In-ur'), v. t. [Inured (-urd') ; Inuring.]
To accustom ; to habituate. — v. i. To take or
have effect ; to serve to the use or benefit of. —
In-Uie'ment (-ment), n. Use ; habit ; custom.

In- urn' (In-Urn'), v. t. To put in an urn ; to bury ;
to inter.

In'U-til'i-ty (ln'u-tlll-ty), n. Uselessness ; un-
profitableness.

In-vade' (In-vad'), v. t. To enter with hostile in-
tentions ; to attack ; to encroach on ; to violate.
— In-vad'er, n.

In-val'id (In-v511d), a. Of no force or cogency ;
weak ; void ; null. — In'va-lid (In'va-lfd), a.
In ill health ; feeble ; infirm. — n. One weak,
sickly, or indisposed, —v. t. To register on the
list of invalids in military or naval service. —
In-val'i-date (In-vSll-dat), v. t. To render in-
valid ; to destroy the strength or validity of.

— In-VaH-da'tion (-da' shun), n. A rendering
invalid. — In-va-Ud'i-ty (In'va-lid'I-ty), n.
Want of cogency, legal force, or efficacy.

In-val'U-a-ble (In-val'u-a-b'l), a. Dear beyond
any assignable value ; inestimable ; priceless. —
In-val'u-a-bly, adv.

In-va'ri-a-ble (In-va'rT-a-b'l), a. Not given to
variation; unchangeable; always uniform. —
In-va'ri-a-bly, adv. — In-va'ri-a-ble-ness, In-
va ri-a-bil'i-ty (-a-bll'I-ty), n.

In-va'sion (In-va'zhun), n. An invading or en-
cioaching upon the rights of another; hostile
entrance into the possessions of another ; irrup-
tion ; inroad.— In-va'sive (-siv), a. Tending
to invade ; aggressive.

In-vec'tive (In-vek'tlv), n. Violent utterance of
censure or reproach ; harsh accusation. — a.
Satirical ; abusi e ; railing.

In-veigh' ( In-va' ), v. i. [Inveighed ( -vad' ) ;
Inveighing.] To exclaim or rail against. — In-
veigh'er, n.

In-vei'gle (In-veVl), v. t. [Inveigled (-g'ld) ;
Inveigling (-gling).] To persuade to some-
thing evil by deceptive arts or flattery ; to en-
tice ; to seduce ; to wheedle. — In-vei'gle-ment
(-ment), n. Enticement.

In-vent' (In-v6nt'), v. t. To discover ; to find out ;
to contrive ; to devise ; to frame. — In-vent'or

(-er), ». — In-ven'tlon (-ven'shiin), n. A find-
ing out ; contrivance ; forgery; falsehood. — In-
vent'lve (-vgut'Iv), a. Able to invent ; quick at
contrivance.

In'ven-to-ry (ln'vSn-to-rjr), n. List of articles ;
schedule; catalogue. — v. t. To make an in-
ventory of ; to register in an account of goods.

In-verse' (In-vers'), a. Opposite in order or re-
lation ; reciprocal ; inverted ; contrary. — In-
versely, adv. — In-Ver'sion (-ver'shun), n. An
inverting ; complete change of order ; reversed
position. — In- vert' (^verf), v. t. To turn over ;
to put upside down ; to give a contrary direc-
tion to. — In-vert'ed, a. Changed in order;
reversed ; upside down.

Inverted Arches.

In-ver'te-bral (lu-ver'te-brai), In-ver'te-brate

(-brat), In-ver'te-bra'ted (-bra'tgd), a. Desti-
tute of a backbone ; having no vertebrae. — In-
Ver'te-brate, n. An invertebrate animal.

In-vest' (In-vSst'), v. t. To clothe ; to dress ; to
endow ; to confer ; to give ; to inclose ; to lay
siege to ; to place (property) so that it will be
safe and yield a profit. — v. i. To make an in-
vestment. — In-vest'or ( -er ), n. — In-vest'i-
ture (-I-tur), n. Act or right of giving posses-
sion of any office, benefice, etc. ; that with which
anyone is invested or clothed. — In-vest'ment
(-ment), n. An investing ; that with which any-
one is invested ; vestment ; act of besieging by
armed force ; a laying out of money in purchase
of property.

In-ves'ti-gate (Tn-ves'tl-gat), v. t. To follow up ;
to pursue ; to search into. — In-ves'ti-ga'tor
(-ga'ter), n. — In-Ves'ti-ga'tlon (-ga'shun), n.
Research ; study ; inquiry. — In-ves'ti-ga'tive
(-ga'tlv), a. Given to investigation ; inquis-
itive.

In-vet'er-ate (m-vefer-at), a. Firmly estab-
lished by long continuance ; obstinate ; con-
firmed ; habitual; old. — In-vet'er-ate-ly, adv.

— In-vet'er-ate-ness, In-vet'er-a-cy (-a-sy), n.
In-Vid'i-OUS (in-vid'I-us), a. Enviable ; likely

to incur hatred, or provoke envy ; hateful. —
In-vid'i-ous-ly, adv. — In-vid'i-ous-ness, n.

In-vig'or-ate (In-vTg'e'r-at), v. t. To give vigor to ;
to strengthen ; to animate. — In-vig'or-a'tlon
(-a'shun), n. An invigorating.

In-Vin'ci-Dle (Tn-vln'sl-b'l), a. Incapable of be-
ing overcome ; unconquerable ; insuperable. —
In-vin'ci-bly, adv. — In-vln'ci-ble-ness, In-
Vin'ci-bil'i-ty (-blll-ty), n. Iusuperableness.

In-vi'O-la-ble (In-vi'6-la-b'l), a. Not violable ;
not capable of being broken or violated ; sacred.

— In-vi'o-la-bly, adv. — In - vi ' o - la - bil ' i - ty
(-bll'I-ty), n. — In-vi'O-late (-l*t), a. Unhurt ;
unprofaned ; unpolluted ; unbroken.

In-vis'i-ble (Yn-vYzf-b'l), a. Incapable of being
seen ; imperceptible by the siccht. — In-Vis'i-blV,
adv. — In-vis i-bil'i-ty (-blll-ty), n.

In-Vite' (In-vif), v. t. To ask ; to request ; to bid ;
to summon ; to attract ; to entice. — In-Vit'er, n.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

INVITATION

222

IRREFUTABLE

— In'Vl-ta'tion (Tn'vY-ta'sliQu), n. An inviting ;
a requesting one's company. — In-Vi'ta-tO-ry
(Tn-vl'ta-t6-ry), a. Containing invitation.

In'VO-cate (Yn'vo-kat), v. t. To invoke ; to call on
in supplication ; to address in prayer. — In'VO-
ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. An addressing in prayer ;
act of calling for the assistance or presence
(esp. of some divinity) ; judicial call or order.

In'voice7 (Iu'vols/), n. Priced list of merchan-
dise ship}, ed or sent to a purchaser. — v. t. [In-
voiced (-voisf) ; Invoicing.] To make a written
account of (goods) ; to insert in a priced list.

In- Yoke7 (Tu-vok'), v. t. [Invoked (-vokf ) ; In-
voking.] To invocate; to call for; to ask ; to
invite earnestly ; to address in prayer.

In-vol'un-ta-ry (Tii-vol'un-ta-r^), a. Not having
will or power of choice ; independent of will or
choice ; not done willingly. — In-VOl'un-ta-ri-
ly, adv. — In-voPun-ta-ri-ness, n.

In'VO-lute (Yu'vo-lut), n. A curve traced by the
end of a tense string wound upon another curve,
or unwound from it. — In'VO-lute, In'VO-lu'ted
(-lu'lgd), a. Rolled inward from the edges. —
In'VO-lu'tion (-lu'shtin), n. An involving;
complication ; envelope ; insertion of clauses
between the subject and verb, in a sentence, so
as to complicate the construction ; the raising a
mathematical quantity to any assigned power.

In-VOlve7 (Tu-v51v'), v. t. [Involved (-volvd') ;
Involving.] To roll up ; to wind round ; to en-
velop ; to complicate ; to comprise ; to contain ;
to embarrass ; to raise (a mathematical quan-
tity) to any assigned power.

In-VUl'ner-a-ble (Tn-vul'ner-a-b'l), a. Incapable
of being wounded or receiving injury. — In-

vul'ner-a-ble-ness, In-vul'ner-a-oii'i-ty (-W1'-

Y-ty), n.
In-wall' (Yn-wal'), v. t. [Inwalled (-wald') ;

Inwalling.] To inclose with a wall.
In' ward (Yn'werd), a. Placed within ; interior.

— n. That which is within ; pi. inner parts of
the^ body ; viscera. — In'ward, In'wards
(-werdz), adv. Toward the inside or interior ;
into the mind or thoughts. — In'ward-ly, adv.

In-weave' (Yn-weV), v. t. [imp. Inwove (-wov') ;
p. p. Inwoven (-wov"n) or Inwove ; p. pr. In-
weaving.] To weave together ; to intermix ; to
intertwine.

In- wrap' (Tn-rap'), v. t. [Inweapped (-rapt');
Inwrapping.J To cover by wrapping ; to infold.

In- wreathe' (in-reth'), v. t. To surround as with
a wreath.

In-wrought' (Yn-raf), p. p. or a. Wrought or
worked in.

I'O-dide (i'o-dtd or -did), n.
A compound of iodine with
another substance.

I'O-dlne (i'6-din or -den), n.
A chemical element, ob-
tained from ashes of sea-
weed.

I-o'ni-an ( f-o'nY-mi ), I-on'-
iC (t-5n'Yk), a. Pertaining
to Ionia, in Greece, to the
Ionians, or to an order of
architecture distinguished
by the volute of its capital.

I-O'ta (t-o'ta),n. The smallest

letter of the Greek alpha-

.. . r.. Ionic Order,

bet, corresponding to the
English i ; a tittle ; a very small quantity ; a jot.

Ip'e-cac (Yp'e-kak), Ip'e-cac'u-an'ha (Yp/e-kaVu-
Su'a), n. A creeping plant of Brazil ; also, its
emetic root.

I-ras'ci-Dle (f-ras'sY-b'l), a. Susceptible of an-
ger ; easily provoked ; irritable. — I-ras'Cl-bly,

adv.— I-ras'ci-ble-ness, I-ras'ci-bil'i-ty (-M1'-
Y-ty), n.

Ire (ir\ n. Anger ; wrath. — I-rate' (t-raf), Ire'-
ful (ir'f ul), a. Full of ire^ angry ; wroth.

Ir'i-des'cent (Yr'Y-des'seut), a. Having colors like
the rainbow. — Ir'i-des'cence (-sens), n. Exhi-
bition of such colors.

I-rid'i-um (t-rYd'Y-ihn), n. A rare metallic ele-
ment, nearly the heaviest substance known.

I'riS (I'rTs), n. ; pi. E. Irises (-€z), L. Irides
(Yr'i-dez). The rainbow ; a colored circle round
the pupil of the eye ; a genus of plants, includ-
ing the flower-de-luce.

I'rish (i'rish), a. Pertaining to Ireland. — n.
People or language of Ireland.

Irk (erk), v. t. [Irked (erkt) ; Irking.] To
weary ; to pain ; to tire. — Irk'some (erk'tum),
a. Wearisome ; tiresome. — lrk'some-ly , adv.

— Irk'some-ness, n.

I'ron (I'urn), 71. The most common and useful of
the metallic elements ; an instrument or utensil
made of iron ; pi. chains ; manacles. — a. Made
of or like iron m hardness, strength, etc. — v. t.
[Ironed (i'urnd) ; Ironing.] To smooth with
an instrument of iron ; to shackle ; to furnish or
arm with iron. — I'ron-y (-y), a. Made of, or
like, iron ; hard. — Pron-clad' (-klad'), a. Pro-
tected or covered with iron ; severe ; exacting.

— n. A vessel for naval warfare plated with
iron. — I'ron-mon'ger (-mlin/ger), n. A dealer
in hardware.

I'ron-y (I'i lin-y), n. Dissimulation ; sarcasm ;
ridicule which exposes faults of others by seem-
ing to adopt or defend them. — I-ron'ic (i-ion'-
Tk), I-ron'ic-al (-Y-krd), a. Pertaining to, con-
taining, or expressing, irony. — I-ron'iC-al-ly,
adv.

Ir-ra'di-ate (Yr-ra'di-at), v. t. & i. To emit rays ;
to illuminate. — Ir-ra'di-ance (-oub), Ir-ra'di-
an-cy (-on-sy), Ir-ra'di-a'tion (-a'shun), n. An
emitting beams of light ; illumination.

Ir-ra'tion-al (lr-rSshTm-al), a. Not rational;
void of, or contrary to, reason ; absurd ; foolish ;
unreasonable. — Ir-ra'tion-al-ly, adv. — Ir-ra'-
tion-al'i-ty (-Si'T-ty), n.

Ir're-Claim'a-ble (Tr're-klam'a-b'l), a. Incapable
of being reclaimed. — Ir're claim'a-bly, adv.

Ir-rec'on-ci'la-ble (Yr-r8k'5n-si'la-b'l), a. Inca-
pable of being reconciled or appeased ; implac-
able : incompatible ; inconsistent. — Ir-rec'on-
ci/la-bly, adv. — Ir-rec'on-ci'la-ble-ness, n. —
Ir-rec'on-clPi-a'tlon (-sll'i-a'shun), n. Want
of reconciliation.

Ir're-COV'er-a-ble (ir're-kuv'er-a-b'1), a. Not
capable- of being recovered or regained ; irre-
trievable ; incurable. — Ir're-cov'er-a-bly, adv.

Ir're-deem'a-ble (Yr're-dem'a-b'l), a. Not re-
deemable or to be redeemed.

Ir're-du'ci-ble (Yr're-du'sY-b'l), a. Incapable of
being reduced, or brought into a different state
or form.

Ir-ref'ra-ga-ble (Yr-ref ra-ga-b'l), a. Not refra-
gable; not to be refuted ; unanswerable; indis-
putable; Indubitable.- Ir-ref'ra-ga-bly, adv.

— Ir-ref ra-ga-bil'i-ty (-bT11-ty), n.
Ir're-lut'a-ble (Tr'rc-fut'a-b'l or Tr-rSf'u-ta-b'l).

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senftto, Svent, idea, Obey , dnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

IRREFUTABLY

223

ISTHMUS

a. Incapable of being refuted or disproved. —
Ir're-fut'a-bly, adv.

Ir-reg'U-lar (Tr-reg'"-ler), cr. Not regular ; not
according to common form or established prin-
ciples or customs ; not straight ; not uniform.
— Ir-reg'u-lar-ly, adv.— Ir-regu-lar'i-ty (-lar'-
T-ty), n. Deviation from established form, cus-
tom, rule, rectitude, etc. ; an act of vice.

Il-rel'a-tive (Tr-iSi'a-tTv), a. Not relative ; with-
out mutual relations ; unconnected.

Ir-rel'e-vant (Tr-rel'e-vant), a. Not relevant;
not applicable or pertinent. — Ir-rel'e-Vant-ly,
adv. — Ir-rel'e-van-cy (-van-sy), n.

Il're-li'gion (Ir're-lTj'un), n. W;int of religion;
wickedness; impiety. — IrTe-li'gioUS (-lij'Q-),
a. Destitute of religion ; impious ; ungodly ;
profane ; wicked. — IrTe-li'gioUS-ly, adv.

Il're-me'dl-a-ble (Tr're-meMT-a-b'l), a. Not to
be remedied, cured, or redressed. — Ir're-me'-
di-a-bly, adv. — Ir're-me'di-a-ble-ness, n.

Ir-rep'a-ra-ble (Tr-iSp'a-ra-b'l), a. Not repara-
ble ; not capable of being recovered or regained.
— Ir-rep'a-ra-bly, adv. — Ir-rep/a-ra-biri-ty
(-bTl'T-t$), n.

IrTe-peal'a-ble (Tr're-pel'a-b'l), a. Not to be re-
pealed .

IrTe-press'i-ble (Tr're-preVT-b'l), a. Not capa-
ble of being repressed.

Ir're-proach'a-ble (Tr're-proch'a-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being justly reproached ; free from
blame; upright. — ir/re-proach/a-bly, adv.

Ir're-Sist'ance (Tr're-zTst'Vns), n. Forbearance
to re«i-t ; passive submission. — IrTe-Sist'i-ble
(-T-brl), a. Incapable of being successfully re-
sisted ; overpowering. — Ir're-sist'i-bly, adv.
— Ir're-sist'i-ble-ness, Ir're-sist'i-bil'i-ty
(-bTl'T-t?), n.

Il-res'O-lute (Tr-rez'6-lut), a. Not resolute ; vac-
illating ; undecided ; unstable ; unsteady. — Ir-
res'o-lute-ly, adv. — Ir-res'o-lute-ness, Ir-res'-
O-lu'tlon (-lu'shun), n.

IrTe-spec'tive (Tr're-speTc'tTv), a. Not having
respect or regard. — Ir're-spec'tive-ly, adv.

Ir-res'pi-ra-ble (Tr-reVpI-ra-b'l or li're-spir'a-
b'l), a. Unfit for respiration.

iTre-spon'si-ble (Tr're-spon'sT-b'l), a. Not re-
sponsible ; not liable or able to answer for
consequences ; innocent ; unreliable ; untrust-
worthy.— IrTe-spon'si-bil'i-ty (-sT-bTl'T-ty), n.

Ir're-ten'tive (Tr're-ten'tTv), a. Not retentive or
apt to retain.
. IrTe-triev'a-ble (Tr're-trev'a-b'l), a. Incapable
of recovery or repair ; incurable ; irreparable ;
4 irrecoverable. — Ir're-triev'a-bly, adv.

Ir-rev'er-ent (Tr-rev^er-cut), a. Not reverent;
not manifesting regard to the Supreme Being ;
wanting in respect to superiors. — Ir-rev'er-
ent-ly, adv. — Irreverence (-«ns), n.

Irre-vers'i-ble (Tr're-vers'T-b'l), a. Incapable of
being reversed ; irrepealable ; unchangeable. —
Ir re-vers'i-bly, adv. — Ir're-vers'i-ble-ness, n.

Il-rev'O-ca-ble (Tr-r6v'6-ka-b'l), n. Incnpable of
being recalled or revoked. — Ir-reV'O-ca-bly,

adv.— Ir-rev'o-ca-ble-ness, Ir-rev'o-ca-bil'i-ty

(-btl'T-ty), n.

Ir'ri-gate (Tr'rT-gat), v. t. To wet ; to moisten ;
to water (land) by causing a stream to flow over
it. — Ir'rl-ga'tion (-pa'shun), n. A watering
or moistening. — Ir-rig'U-OUS (Tr-rTg'u-us), a.
Watery ; moist.

Il'ri-tate (Tr'rT-tat). v. t. To excite heat and

redness in (the skin or flesh of animal bodies) ;
to fret ; to increase the action or violence of ; to
excite anger in ; to tease ; to provoke ; to exas-
perate. — Ir'ri-ta-ble (Tr'rT-ta-b'l), a. Capable
of being irritated ; easily inflamed, exasperated,
or provoked ; irascible ; fretful ; peevish. — 1xf-
ri-ta-bly, adv. — Ir'ri-ta-bil'i-ty (-bTi'T-ty), n.

— Ir'ri-tant (-tent), a. Irritating. — n. That,
which irritates, or in any way causes pain, heat,
or tension. — Ir'ri-ta'tion (-ta'shiin), n. An ir-
ritating ; excitement of anger or passion ; prov-
ocation ; anger. — Ir'ri-ta'tive (Tr'rT-ta'tTv), a.
Serving to excite or irritate. — Ir'ri-ta-to-ry
(-ta-t6-ry), a. Exciting; producing irritation.

Ir-rup'tion (Tr-rQp'shun), n. A breaking, or vio-
lent rushing, into a place ; sudden invasion or
incursion. — Ir-rup/tive (-ti v), a. Rushing in
or upon.

Is (Tz), M pers. sing, of Be.

I'sa-gon (i'sa-gon), n. A geometrical figure hav-
ing equal angles.

Is'chi-afic (Ts'kT-aVTk), a. Pertaining to the
hip.

1'Sin-glass (I'zTn-gl&s), n. Gelatin from the
sounds or air-bladder.; of sturgeons ; popular
name for mica in thin sheets.

Is'lam (Tz ' lam), n. Religion of Mohammed ;
body of those who profess it ; Mohammedan-
ism. — Is'lam-ism (-Tz'm), n. Creed of the
Mohammedans. — Is'lam-it'ic (-Tt/Tk), a. Mo-
hammedan.

Is'land (I'lirnd), n. Land surrounded by water.

— v. t. To cause to become an island ; to sur-
round ; to insulate. — Is'land-er, n. Inhabitant
of an island.

Isle (il), Isi'et (i15t), n. A little island.

-ism (-Tz'm). A suffix denoting the theory, doc-
trine, spirit, or abstract idea of that signified by
the word to which it is appended. — n. A doc-
trine or theory ; a specious but vis ionary theory.

I-soch'ro-nal ( 1 - s5k ' r6 - nal ), I-soch'ro-nous
(-nus), a. Uniform in time ; performed in equal
times.

I'SO-late (i'so-lat or Ts'o-), v. t. To place in a de-
tached situation ; to place by itself ; to insulate.

— Fso-la'tion (-la'shun), n. State of being iso-
lated.

I-SOS'ce-les (t-sos'se-lez), a. Having only two legs
equal ; — said of a triangle.

I'SO-therm (i'so-therin), n. Imaginary
line over the earth's surface through
points having the same mean annual
temperature.— I/so-tb.er/mal (-theV-
mfll), a. Having equal temperature.

Is'ra-el-ite (Tz'ra-el-it), n. Descend- ,

ant of Israel, or Jacob ; a Jew. — Is'- Sf.8
ra-el-it/ic (-Tt'Tk), Is'ra-el-i'tish lrlangie'
(-FtTsh), a. Pertaining to Israel ; Jewish ; He-
brew.

Is'sue (Tsh'u), n. A passing, flowing, or sending
out ; quantity emitted at one time ; result or
end; offspring; profits of land or property;
evacuation ; discharge ; material point of law
or fart ; point in debate or controversy. — v. i.
[Issued (Tsh'ud) ; Issuing.] To pass out ; to
go out ; to proceed ; to spring ; to end ; to ter-
minate. — v. t. To send out ; to put into circu-
lation ; to deliver for use. — Is'SU-er, n. — Is'-
SU-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Leading to, producing, or
relating to, an issue.

Isth'mus (Ts'nius or Tst'mfis), n. A neck of land

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

IT

224

JAM

connecting two continents or uniting a penin-
sula to the main land.

It (It), pron. ; pi. (same as he and she), their, their
or theirs, them. That thing. — It-self ' (1 t-sglf '),
pron. The neuter reciprocal pronoun.

I-tal'ian (T-tSl'ycrn), a. Pertaining to Italy, its
inhabitants, or their language. — n An inhab-
itant of Italy ; language of the Italians. — I-tal'-
ic (-ik), a. Relating to Italy, or to a kind of
type in which the letters slope toward the
right. — n. An Italic letter. — I-tal'i-cize (-1-
siz), v. t. To print in Italic characters.

Itch (ich), v. i. [Itched (Tcht) ; Itching.] To
feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, inclin-
ing one to scratch the part ; to have a constant
desire or teasing inclination. — n. An irritating,
contagious disease, caused by a parasite under
the skin ; irritating desire or craving. — Itch/y
(Tch'^), a. Infected with the itch.

Ptem (i'tSm), adv. Also ; as an additional article.
— n. An article ; separate particular in an ac-
count. — v. t. To make a note or memorandum
of. — Ftem-lze (I'tem-iz), v. t. To state in
items or by particulars.

It'er-ate (Yt'er-at), v. t. To do a second time ; to
repeat. — IVer-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Repetition.

I-tin'er-ate (f-tin'er-at), v. i. To travel from
place to place, esp. for preaching, lecturing, etc.
— I-tin'er-a-cy (-a-sy), n. Practice of itinera-
ting. — I-tin'er-an-cy (-an-sy), n. A passing
from place to place ; discharge of official duty
by frequently changing residence ; body of per-
sons who thus discharge official duty. — I-tin'-
er-ant {-ant), a. Passing about a country;
wandering. — n. One who travels from place
to place ; esp., a preacher ;
one who is unsettled. —
I-tin'er-a-ry (-a-ry), n. An
account of travels ; register of
places and distances as a guide
to travelers. — a. Traveling.

It-self', pron. See under It,
pron.

Pvo-ry (I'v6-r^), ». A hard,
white substance constituting
the tusks of the elephant ;
tusks themselves. — a. Made
of, or like, ivory ; white.

I'vy (i ' vy), n. An evergreen
climbing plant.

Iz'zard (Tz'zerd), n. Old name TVy.

for the letter z.

JaVber (jaVber), v. i. & t. [Jabbered (-berd) ;
Jabbebing.] To talk rapidly or indistinctly;
to chatter; to gabble. — n. Rapid, indistinct
talk; gibberish. — Jab'ber-er, n.
Ja'clntb (ja'slnth), n. Same as Hya-
cinth.
Jack (jSk), n. A mechanical con-
trivance of various kinds ; an en-
gine ; the male of certain animals ;
a small flag. — Jack boots. Boots
reaching above the
knee. — Jack-with-
a-lantern, Jack-o'-
lantern, n. Ignis fat-
uus ; meteor seen in
low, moist lands;
pumpkin so prepared as to show
human features when illuminated
within. — Jack plane. A car-
penter's plane for coarse work.
Jack'al' (jSk'alO, n. A carnivo-
rous animal of Asia and Africa,
related to the dog and wolf.
Jack'a-napes' ( j£k ' a - naps ' ), n.
A monkey ; an ape ; a coxcomb ;
an impertinent fellow.
Jack'ass' (jXk'as'), n. The male of the ass; a

dolt ; a blockhead.
Jack'daW (jXk'da'), n. A small European bird

allied to the crows.
Jack'et (jSk'gt), n. A short, close coat.
Jack/knife' (jSk'nif)? n. A strong clasp knife

for the pocket.
Jac'O-bln (jXk'o-bTn), n. A violent revolutionist ;
an anarchist ; a turbulent demagogue ; a Do-
minican friar ; a pigeon whose neck feathers re-
Bemble a hood. — Jac'O-bin'ic (-lunik), Jac'O-
bin'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Resembling the French

English Jack.

Jacobins; holding revolutionary principles.—
Jac'O-bin-lsm (jSk'o-bTn-Tz'm), n. Principles
of the Jacobins ; factious opposition to legiti-
mate government.

Jac'o-net (jXk'o-nSt), n. A thin cotton fabric, for
dresses, neckcloths, etc.

Jac-quard' loom' ( j5k-kard' loom'). Machine for
weaving figured goods in patterns determined
by cards perforated to lift the warp threads.

Jac'U-late (jaVu-lat), V. t. To throw like a dart ;
to emit. — Jac u-la'tion (-la'sh&n), n. A dart-
ing or throwing. — Jac'U-la-tO-ry (j5k'u-la-tS-
ry), a. Darting or throwing out suddenly.

Jade (jad), n. A hard stone used for ornaments
and implements.

Jade (jad), n. A poor horse ; a mean woman ; a
wench, —v.t. [Jaded ; Jading.] To tire out;
to weary ; to harass.

Jag (jag), n. A small load (of hay, grain in the
straw, or ore). — v. t. To load or carry (hay,
etc.).

Jag (jSg), n. Notch ; cleft ; barb ; fragment. —
v. t. [Jagged (jSgd) ; Jagging (-giug).] To
notch. — Jag'ged (jSg'ged), Jag'gy (-gy). «.
Notched ; uneven ; divided. — Jag'ged-ly, adv.
— Jag'ged-ness, n.

Ja-guar/ (ja-gwar' or jSg'war ; Pg. zha-gwar'), n.
A carnivorous animal called the American tiger,
and found from Brazil to Texas.

Ja51 (jal), n. A prison. — r. t. To imprison. —
Jaii'er ( jal'er), n. — Jail bird. A prisoner ; a
convict.

Jal'ap (jSl'ap), n. Root of a Mexican plant, used
as a cathartic.

Jam (j5m), n. Preserve of fruit boiled with sugar
and water.

Jam (jSm), r. t. & i. [Jammed ; Jamming.] To
press ; to crowd ; to squeeze tight. — n. Mass

S, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; seuftte, Svent, idea, Obey, Unite, cftre, &rm, ask, ftll, nnul,

JAMB

225

JETTY

(of people, logs, etc.) crowded together ; crush ;
pressure.

Jamb (jSm), n. Sidepiece of a door, fireplace,
etc.

Jan'gle (jan'g'l), v. i. [Jangled (-g'ld) ; Jan-
gling (-gling).] To sound harshly or dis-
cordantly, as bells out of tune : to bicker ; to
wrangle ; to prate ; to gossip. — Jan'gle, n.
Discordant sound ; contention ; babble. — Jan'-
gler, n.

Jan'i-tor (j£n'i-ter), n. A doorkeeper ; a porter.

Jan'ty, a. See Jaunty.

Jan'U-a-ry (jan'u-a-ry), n. First month of the
year.

Ja-panr (ja-pSn'), n. Work varnished and figured
in the Japanese manner ; a varnish or lacquer
used in japanning, — v. t. [Japanned (-pand') ;
Japanning.] To cover with thick, brilliant
varnish ; to black and gloss (shoes, boots, etc.).
— Jap'a-nese7 (j&ya-nez' or -nes'), a. Of or
pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants, — ft. A
native, an inhabitant, the people, or the lan-
guage of the people, of Japan.

Jar (jar), v. i. [Jarred (jard) ; Jarring.] To
give forth a short rattle or tremulous sound ;
to vibrate harshly ; to clash ; to interfere ; to
quarrel ; to dispute. — v. t. To cause to trem-
ble ; to shake ; to shock. — n. Rattling vibra-
tion of sound ; clash of interest or opinions ;
discord.

Jar (jar), n. A vessel of earth or glass, with a
broad mouth ; contents of a jar.

II Jar'di'niere' (zhar'de'nyaV), n. An ornamental
stand for plants, flowers, etc.

Jar'gon (jar'gon), n. Confused, unintelligible
talk ; gibberish ; slang. — v. i. [Jargoned
(-g5nd) ; Jargoning.] To utter jargon ; to talk
unintelligibly or noisily.

Jar'gO-nelle' (j'aVgo-ngl'), ». A kind of early-
ripening pear.

Jas'mine (jaVmin), n. A climbing plant, bearing
fragrant flowers.

Jas'per (jaVper), n.
An opaque, im-
pure variety of
quartz, used for
vases, seals, etc.

Jann'dice (j'an'dis),
n. A disease, char-
acterized by yel-
lowness of the
eyes, skin, and
urine. — J aun'-
diced (-dlst), a.
Affected with jaun-
dice ; prejudiced ;
seeing with discol-
ored organs.

Jaunt (j'ant), v. i.
To ramble here and
there ; to stroll. — n
journey.

Jaun'ty (jan't^), a. Airy ; showy ; finical ; char-
acterized by a fantastic manner. — Jaun'tl-ly,
adv. — Jaun'ti-ness, n.

Javelin (jivlln), n. A light spear, thrown by
the hand.

Jaw (ja), n. The bone in which the teeth are
fixed ; scolding ; abusive clamor ; pi. mouth of
a passage ; way of entrance ; movable parts of a
vise or other machine for clutching an object.

Jasmine.

An excursion; a short

Jay (ja), n. A small bird of many species, akin to
the crow.

Jeal'ous ( jel ' -
us), a. Suspi-
cious ; envi-
ous; anxious.
— Jeal'ous-
ly, adv. —
Jeal'ous-
ness, Jeal'-
ous-y(-y), "•

Jean (jau), n.
Twilled cot-
ton cloth.

Jeer (jer), v.i.
& t. [Jeered
(jerd) ; Jeer-
ing . ] To
mock; to

sneer ; to de- European Jay.

ride. — n. Railing remark ; scoff ; taunt ; mock-
ery. — Jeer'er, n.

Je-ho'vah (je-ho'va), n. The Scripture appella-
tion of the Supreme Being.

Je-June' (je-jiin'), a. Craving food ; hungry ;
empty ; void of interest ; barren. — Je-junely,
adv. — Je-june'ness, ».

Jelly (jel'ly), n. ; pi. Jellies (-ITz). Something
gelatinous; stiffened solution of gelatin, gum,
etc. ; inspissated juice of fruits or meat boiled
with sugar. — v. i. [Jellied (-lid) ; Jellying.]
To come to the state or consistency of jelly. —
Jelly-fish' (-fish'), n. A marine radiate ani-
mal having a jsllylike appearance.

Jen'net (jen'nSt), n. A small Spanish horse.

Jen'ny (jen'ny), n. A machine for spinning many
threads at once.

Jeop'ard (jgp'erd), Jeop'ard-ize (-fc), v. t. To
expose to loss ; to risk ; to peril ; to endanger ;
to expose. — Jeop'ard-OUS (-us), a. Perilous ;
hazardous. — Jeop'ard-y ( -y ), n. Danger ;
peril ; hazard ; risk.

Jerk (jerk), v. t. [Jerked (jerkt) ; Jerking.]
To cut (meat) into strips, and dry (it) in the
sun.

Jerk (jerk), v. t. To throw with a quick motion ;
to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust, or push. —
v. %. To start quickly ; to move with a start,
or by starts. — n. A short, sudden thrust or
twitch ; motion suddenly arrested ; unsteady
motion. — Jerk'y (-y), a. Moving by jerks and
starts ; changing abruptly.

Jer'kin (jer'kTn), n. A jacket ; close waistcoat.

Jer'sey (jer'zy), n. The finest of wool separated
from the rest ; fine yarn of wool ; jacket of
coarse woolen cloth ; one of a fine breed of cat-
tle from the Island of Jersey.

Jes'sa-mine (jgs'sa-nnn), n. The plant, jasmine.

Jest (jSst), n. A joke ; fun ; sport. — v. t. To
joke. — Jest'er, n.

Jes'U-it (jez'u-it), n. One of the religious order
called The Society of Jesus ; a crafty person ; an
intriguer. — Jes'U-itlC-al (-it'T-kal), a. Per-
taining to the Jesuits ; designing ; cunning ;
deceitful. — Jes'u-itlc-al-ly, adv. — Jes'u-it-
ism (-Tt-Tz'm), n. Arts, principles, and prac-
tices of the Jesuits ; cunning ; deceit.

Jet (jet), n. A variety of lignite, of velvet-black
color, often wrought into toys, jewelry, etc. —
Jet'-black' (-bl5k'), n. Black as jet ; intensely
black. — Jet'ty, a. Black.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, i{|k, then,

JET

226

JOLTER

Jet (j5t), n. Sudden rush (of water from a pipe ;
flame from an orifice, etc.)- — v . i. & t. [Jetted ;
Jetting.] To shoot forward ; to Btand out ; to
project ; to jut.

Jet'sam (jet/sam), Jet'son (-son), n. The volun-
tary throwing of goods overboard, to lighten a
ship and preserve her ; goods thus thrown away.

Jet'ty (jSt'tjf ), n. A pier.

Jet'ty, a. See under Jet, lignite.

Jew (ju or jii), n. A Hebrew, or Israelite. —
Jew' ess, n. A Hebrew woman. — Jew'ish,
a. Pertaining to the Hebrews ; Israelitish. —
Jew's'-h.arp' (juz'- or juz'), n. A musical in-
strument, held between
the teeth, and having
a metal tongue, which
when struck by the finger
produces musical sounds
that are modulated by
the breath.

JeWel (ju'61 or ju/51), n. JewVHarp.

A precious stone ; a gem ;

an object very highly valued. — v. t. [Jeweled
(-Sid), or Jewelled ; Jeweling, or Jewelling.]
To adorn or provide with jewels. — Jew'ei-er,
n. One who deals in jewels, etc. — Jew'el-iy
(-r^), Jew'el-ler-y (-ler-jf), n. Jewels in gen-
eral ; art or trade of a jeweler.

Jib (jib), n. The foremost sail of a ship, being a
triangular sail extended from the masthead to
the bowsprit ; the projecting beam of a crane.

Jib (jib), v. i. [Jibbed (jtbd) ; Jibbing.] To
move restively ; to sidle ; to balk ; — said of a
horse. — Jib'ber, n.

Jibe (jib), v. t. [Jibed (jibd) ; Jibing.] To shift
(a sail) from one side of a vessel to the other.
— v. i. To change a ship's course, so as to shift
the boom or sail ; to agree ; to harmonize.

Jiffy (jif'fy), n. A moment ; an instant.

Jifi (jig)> n- A brisk musical movement ; quick
dance ; small machine or tool. — v. t. [Jigged
(jTgd); Jigging.] To sort or separate (ore) by
Bhaking ; to trick ; to cheat ; to cut or form (met-
al) in a jig. — Jig'ger, n. — Jigger mast. The
after mast of a four-masted vessel ; a small mast
at the stern of a boat.

Jig'ger (jTg'ger), n. A tropical species of flea.

Jig'gle (jig'g'l), v. i. To move in an awkward
manner ; to shake up and down.

Jilt (jilt), n. A woman who capriciously disap-
points her lover ; a coquette ; a flirt, — 1>. t. To
encourage, and then frustrate the hopes of (a
lover). — v. i. To practice deception in love.

Jim/my (jTm'my), n. A bar used by burglars in
forcing doors, windows, etc.

Jimp (jimp), a. Neat ; handsome ; elegant.

Jin'gle (jTn'g'l), v. i. & I. To sound with a fine,
sharp rattle ; to clink ; to tinkle. — n. A clink-
ing sound ; rhyme.

Jin'gO (jTn'go), n. A word used as a jocular
oath ; a politician who affects a vigorous policy.

Jin-rik'1-sb.a (jTn-rYk'T-sha), n. A Japanese
vehicle drawn bv one or more men.

Job (j5b),~ n. Thrust ; stab ; piece of work ;
public transaction done for private profit. —v.
l.&i. [Jobbed (jobd); Jobbing.] To do small
work ; to deal in stocks ; to administer (public
business) corruptly. — Job'ber (jol/ber), n. —
JoVbtr-y (-?), n. Act or practice of jobbing;
underhand management ; official corruption.

Jook'ey (jok'y), n. One who rides horses in a

w

C# iW

race ; a dealer in horses ; one who cheats in
trade. — v. t. & i. [Jockeyed (-Id) ; Jockey-
ing.] To cheat ; to trick.

Jo-COSe' (jo-kos'), a. Given to jokes ; facetious;
merry ; waggish ; sportive. — Jo-cose'ly, adv.
— Jo-cose'ness, Jo-cos'i-ty (j6-kos'I-ty), n.
A jocose act or saying ; merriment.

Joc'u-lar (j5k'u-lei), a. Jocose. — Joc'U-lar-ly,
adv. — Joc'U-lar'i-ty (-15r'i-ty), n.

Joc'nnd (j5k'und), a. Merry ; gay ; lively. —

Joc'und-ly, adv. — Joc'und-uess. Jo-cun'di-ty
(jo-kun'di-ty), n.

Jog (jog), v. t. & i. [Jogged (j5gd); Jogging
(-glng).] To push with the elbow ; to urge gen-
tly ; to walk slowly. — n. A slight shake ;
a nudge. — Jog trot. Slow, regular pace ; unva-
ried routine. — Jog'ger, n.

Jog'gle (jSg'g'l), v. t. & i. [Joggled (-g'ld) ; Jog-
gling (-gling).]
To shake slight-
ly ; to join or
match (timbert,
etc., by joggles),
to prevent slid-
ing apart. — n.
Joint between Joggles.

two pieces of timber, stone, etc. . in which a notch
or tooth prevents their sliding past each other.

Join (join), v. t. [Joined (joind) ; Joining.] To
bring together ; to add ; to unite ; to combine ;
to couple ; to link. — v. i. To be contiguous or
in contact ; to league ; to unite. — Join'er, n.
One who joins ; a mechanic who does woodwork
in finishing buildings ; a woodworking machine
for sawing, planing, mortising, grooving, etc. —
Join/er-y (join'er-f ), n. Art or work of a joiner.

Joint (joint), n. Place or part where things are
joined ; junction ; part or space included be-
tween two joints or articulations. — a. Joined ;
united ; combined ; concerted ; shared among
more than one ; held in common. — v. t. To
unite by a joint or joints ; to fit together ; to
articulate ; to separate the joints of ; to disjoint.
—v. i. To fit perfectly. — Jointly, adv. To-
gether ; unitedly ; in common.

Join'ture (join'tur), n. An estate settled on a
wife. — v . t. [Jointured (-turd) ; Jointubing.]
To settle a jointure upon.

Joist (joist), n. Small timber supporting boards
of a floor or laths of ceiling. — v. t. To fit with,
joists.

Joke ( jok ), n. Jest ; witticism. — v. t. & i.
[Joked (jokt) ; Joking.] To jest; to sport; to
rally. — Jok'er, n.

Jol'ly (j51'ly), a. [Jollier; Jolliest.] Full of
life and mirth ; merry ; handsome ; plump. —
Jol'li-ly (-1T-Iy), adv. — Jol'li-ness, Jol'li-ty
(-lY-ty), n. — Jorii-li-cation (-fT-ka'slun), n.
Noisy merriment.

Jolly-boat' (jol'ty-bof), ». A ship's small boat.

Jolt (jolt), v. i. & t. To shake with sudden jerks.
— n. A shock or shake. — Jolt'er. n.

a, 6, 1, 5, II, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; sen&te, fivent, tdea, 6bey, Onite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

JONQUIL

227

JUNK

Jon'qull (j5n/kwTl), Jon'quille, n. A bulbous

plant, allied to the daffodil.
JOSS (jos), n. A Chinese household divinity or idol.

— JOSS house. A Chinese temple. — JoSS Stick.
A cylinder of gum mixed with dust of odorifer-
ous woods, which the Chinese burn before idols.

Jos'tle (joV'l), v. t. & i. [Jostled (-'Id) ; Jos-
tling (-ling).] To push ; to crowd ; to hustle.

— n. Conflict ; interference.

Jot (j5t), n. An iota ; point ; tittle ; least quan-
tity assignable. — v. t. [Jotted; Jotting.]
To set down ; to make a memorandum of.

Jounce (jouns), v. t. & i. [Jounced (jounst);
Jouncing (joun'sing).] To jolt; to shake. —
n. A jolt : hard trot.

Jour'nal Qiir'nal), n. An account of daily trans-
actions ; diary ; newspaper ; cylindrical portion
of a shaft or other revolving piece which turns
in a box or bearing. — Joui'nal-ism (-Tz'm), n.
The keeping of a journal ; profession of edit-
ing, or writing for, journals. — Jour'ual-ist. n.
Writer of a dfary ; contributor to a public jour-
nal. — Jour'nal-ize ( - iz ), v. t. To enter in a
journal. — v. i. To carry on a public journal.

Jour'ney (jftr'n^), n. ; pi. Journeys (-niz). Travel
from place to place ; voyage ; tour ; trip. — v. i.
[Journeyed (-nid) ; Journeying.] To travel
from place to place. — Jour'ney-man (-man),
n. A man hired to work by the day; a me-
chanic hired to work for another.

Joust (just), n. A tilting match ; a mock combat
between mounted knights.

Jo/Vi-al (jo'vT-al), a. Gay ; merry ; jolly. — Jo'-
vi-al-ly, adv. — Jo'vi-al-ness, Jo'vi-al-ty (-ty),
Jo'vi-al'i-ty (-Sl'I-ty), n.

Jowl (jol), n. The cheek ; jaw ; jole. — Jowl'er,
n. A dog with large jowls.

Joy (joi), n. Gladness ; delight ; exultation ; bliss ;
gayety ; mirth ; hilarity. — v. i. [Joyed (joid),
Joying.] To rejoice ; to exult. — Joy'ance (joi'-
ans), n. Gayety ; festivity. — Joy'ful (-f ul), a.
Full of joy ; gay ; exulting. — Joy'ful-ly, adv.

— Joy'ful-ness, n. — Joy'less, a. Destitute of
joy ; unenjoyaole. — Joy'less-ly, adv. — Joy'-
less-ness, n. — Joy'OUS (-us), a. Joyful ; glad.

— Joy'ous-ly, adv. — Joy'ous-ness, n.
Ju'bi-lan.t (ju'ji-hmt), a. Uttering songs of tri-
umph ; rejoicing. — Jtt'bi-la'tion (-la'shim), n.
A triumph ; rejoicing. — Ju'bi-lee (-le), n.
Public festivity ; exultation.

Ju-da'ic (ju-da'Tk), Ju-da'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Per-
taining to the Jews. — Ju-da'ic-al-ly, adv. —
Ju'da-ism (ju'da-iz'm), n. Religious doctrines
and rites of the Jews. — Ju'da-ize (-iz), v. i. To
conform to the religious rites of the Jews. —
Ju'da-i/zer (-i'zer), n.

Judge (jiij), n. One authorized to determine
causes in court ; one who has skill to decide on
the merits of a question, or value of anything ;
connoisseur ; expert. — v. i. [Judged (jujd) ;
Judging.] To hear and determine (in causes on
trial) ; to pass sentence ; to form an opinion ;
to determine ; to distinguish. — v. t. To hear
and determine ; to examine and sentence ; to
ait in judgment upon ; to esteem ; to think ; to
reckon. — Judgeship (juj'shTp), n. Office of
a judge. — Judgement (-ment), n. Act of judg-
ing ; opinion ; correctness ; taste ; sentence of
the law, pronounced by a court ; calamity sent
as recompense for wrong committed ; final pun-
ishment of the wicked.

Ju/dl-ca-tive (ju'dl-ka-tTv), a. Having power to
judge. — Ju'di-ca-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Dispensing
justice. —?i. A court of justice ; a tribunal;
distribution of justice. — Ju'di-ca-ture (-tur),
n. Power of distributing justice ; jurisdiction.

Ju-di'cial (ju-dTsh'al), a. Pertaining to courts of
justice ; established by statute ; inflicted, as a
penalty or in judgment. — Ju-di'cial-ly, adv. —
Ju-di/cia-ry (-dish'a-r^ or -I-a-ry), a. Pass-
ing judgment ; pertaining to courts of judica-
ture. — n. The branch of government in which
judicial power is vested ; judges taken collect-
ively. — Ju-di'cious (-dish'us), a. According
to sound judgment ; rational ; wise ; discerning ;
sagacious. — Ju- dl' CiOUS- ly, adv. — Ju-di/ •
clous-ness, n.

Jug (jug), n. A vessel, with a swelling belly
and narrow mouth ; a large bottle ; a pitcher ;
a prison; a jail. — v. t. [Jugged (jiigd) ; Jug-
ging.] To boil or stew, as in a jug ; to commit
to jail ; to imprison.

Jug'gle (jug'g'l), v. i. To play tricks by sleight of
hand ; to practice artifice or imposture. — v. t.
To deceive by trick or artifice. — n. A trick ; an
imposture. — Jug'gler, n. — Jug'gler-y (-y), n.
Trickery ; legerdemain ; imposture.

Ju'gU-lar (ju'gu-ler), a. Pertaining to the neck
or throat. — n. The large vein by which blood
is returned from the head to the heart.

Juice (jus), n. Sap ; watery part of vegetables ;
fluid part of animal substances. — Juice'less, a.
Destitute of juice; dry. — Jui'cy (ju'sy), a.
[Juicier ; Juiciest.] Abounding with juice ;
moist ; succulent. — Jui'ci-ness, n.

Ju'jube (ju'jub), n. Sweet and edible fruit of
several Mediterranean trees. — Jujube paste.
Dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube ; an ex-
pectorant made of gum arabic sweetened.

Ju'lep (ju'lgp), n. A sweet drink ; beverage
composed of brandy, whisky, etc., with sugar,
pounded ice, and mint.

UJu'li-enne' (ju'll-gn'; F. zhu'lyan'), n. A kind
of soup containing slices of carrots, onions,
etc.

Ju-lyr (ju-li'), n. Seventh month of the year.

Jum/ble (jum'b'l), v. t. & i. [Jumbled (-b'ld) ;
Jumbling (-bling).] To meet, mix, or unite
confusedly. — n. Confused mixture ; a small,
sweet cake, often ringshaped. — Jum'bler, n.

Jump (jump), n. A loose jacket ; a bodice.

Jump (jump), v. i. [Jumped (jiimpt) ; Jumping.]
To spring by raising both feet ; to skip ; to
bound ; to jolt. — v. t. To overleap. — n. Leap;
spring. — Jump'er, n. One that jumps ; a kind
of sleigh ; the larva of the cheese fly.

Junc'tion (junk'shun), n. A joining; a union ;
place where two roads meet. — Junc'ture (-tur),
n. Line or point at which two bodies join ;
joint ; point of time ; exigency ; emergency.

June (jun), n. The sixth month of the year.

Jun'gle (jun'g'l), n. Dense growth of brushwood,
grasses, vines, etc. ; thicket. — Jun'gly (-gty),
a. Consisting of, or abounding with, jungles.

Jun'ior (jun'yer), a. Younger ; inferior. — n. A
younger person ; one of lower standing. — Jun-
ior'i-ty (-y5r'T-ty), n. State of being junior.

Ju'nl-per (ju'nl-per), n. An evergreen coniferous
shrub or tree.

Junk (junk), n. Pieces of old cable or cordage ;
old iron, glass, paper, etc. ; rubbish ; hard salted
beef supplied to ships.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, r^ide, full, Urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sine, ink, then,

JUNK

228

KEEL

Junk (junk), n. A kind of ship, used by Chinese,
Malays, etc.

Jun'ket (jun'kSt), n.
A sweetme a t ;
cheesecake ; stolen
entertainment. —
V. i. & t. To feast ;
to banquet. — Jun/-
ket-ing,n. Revelry.

Jun'ta (jun'ta), n.
The Spanish council
of state.

Jun'tO (jun'to"), n.
A select council to
deliberate on affairs
of government or
politics ; a faction ; junk,

a cabal.

Ju'pi-ter (ju'pT-ter), n. Jove, son of Saturn, and
supreme deity of the ancient Romans; the
largest of the planets.

JU-rid'ic (jfi-rtd'Tk), Ju-rid'iC-al (-T-kerl), a. Per-
taining to a judge ; used in courts of law. — Ju-
rid'ic-al-ly, adv.

Ju'ris-con/sult ( ju'rTs-kon'sult), n. A man
learned in the law ; a jurist ; a counselor.

Ju'ris-dic'tion (ju'rls-dlk'shun), n. Legal au-
thority ; limit within which power may be exer-
cised. — Jn/ris-dlc'tion-al, a. Pertaining to
jurisdiction. — Ju'riS-diC'tive (-dik'tiv), a.
Having jurisdiction.

Ju'ris-pru'dent (ju'rls-pru/dent), a. Under-
standing law.— .n. One skilled in law. — Jn/-
ris-pru'dence (-dens), n. The science of law.
— Ju'ris-pru-den'tial (-pru-den'shal), a. Per-
taining to jurisprudence.

Ju'rist (ju'rist), n. One versed in the law; a
civil lawyer.

Ju'ry (ju'ry), n. ; pi. Juries (-rTz). A body of
men sworn to inquire into matters of fact, and
decide according to the evidence given them ;
a committee for adjudging prizes. — Ju'ror
(-re"r), Ju'iy-man (-rl-man), n. One who serves
On a jury.

Jury mast. A temporary mast supplying the
place of one carried away.

Just (just), a. Conformed to truth, to reason-
able expectation, etc. ; equitable ; honest ; true ;
fair; proper. — adv. Precisely ; exactly ; near-
ly ; barely. — Just'ly, adv. — Just'ness. n.

Just (just), n. A mock encounter on horseback ;
tilt ; a joust. — v. i. To engage in a mock fight
on horseback ; to push ; to drive.

Jus'tice (jus'tis), n. Quality of being just ; the
rendering to everyone his due ; equity ; just-
ness ; rectitude ; a civil officer commissioned to
hold courts, try controversies, and administer
justice. — Jus'tice-Ship, n. Office or dignity
of a justice. — Jus-ti'ci-a-ry (-tTsh'I-a-ry or
-tish'a-ry), n. A judge or justice.

Jus'ti-iy (jus'tT-fi), v. t. [Justified (-fid) ; Jus-
tifying.] To prove to be just; to free from
blame ; to vindicate ; to excuse ; to exculpate ;
to absolve ; to pardon. — Jus'ti-f i/er, Jus'ti-fi-
ca'tor (-fT-ka'ter), n. — Jus'ti-fi/a-ble (-'i'a-b'l),
a. Defensible ; excusable. — Jus'ti-fi'a-Dly, adv.
— Jus'ti-fi'a-ble-ness, n. — Jus'ti-fi-ca'tion
(-fi-ka'shun), n. A justifying ; a vindication. —

Jus-tif'i-ca-tive (-tlf'T-ka-tTv), Jus-tif'i-ca-to-

ry (-to-rf), a. Vindicatory ; defensory.

Jus'tle (jus"l), v. i. & t. To push ; to drive.— n.
Jostle; shock.

Jut (jut), v. i. [Jutted ; Jutting.] To shoot
forward ; to project beyond the main body. — ».
Projection.

Jute (jut), n. An East India plant, and its
fiber, used in making mats, cordage, gunny
cloth, paper, etc.

Ju've-nes'cent (ju've-neVsent), a. Becoming
young. — Ju've-ues'ceuce (-sens), n. A grow-
ing young.

Ju've-Jlile (ju've-ml), a. Young ; youthful ;
suited to youth. — n. A youth. — Ju've-nile-
ness, Ju've-nil'i-ty (-nTi'i-ty), n.

Jux'ta-poS'it (juks'ta-pQz'Tt), v. t. [Juxtapos-
ited ; Juxtapositing.) To place in close con-
nection. — Jux'ta-po-si'tlon (-po-zish'fin), n.
Nearness; contiguity; proximity.

K.

Kail, n. See Kale.

Kai/ser (kl'zer), n. The emperor of Germany.

Kale (kal), n. Cabbage, having the leaves curled
or wrinkled, but not forming a close head.

Ka-lei'do-scope ( ka-li'do-skop), n. An optical in-
strument, containing reflecting surfaces which
exhibit its contents in varied colors and sym-
metrical forms. — Ka-lei'do-scop'ic (-sk5p'ik),
a. Variegated.

Kal'en-dar, n. See Calendar.

IlKal'mi-a (k£l'niT-a), n. An American evergreen
shrub, having corymbs of showy flowers ; moun-
tain laurel.

Kal'so-mlne, n. & v. Same as Calcimine.

Ka-nack'a (ka-nak'a), Ka-na'ka (-n'a'ka), n. & a.
Native of the Sandwich Islands.

Kan ga-roo' ( kXn ' ga - rob ' ), n. An Australian
jumping, marsupial quadruped.

Ka'0-llil (ka'o-lln), Ka'O-line, n. Pure white
clay used for making porcelain.

Ka'ty-did' (ka't^-did'), ft. An insect of a green
color, allied to the grasshoppers, and named
from the sound made by the males by means of
membranes in their wing-covers.

Kay'ak (ka'ak), n. A light boat used in Green-
land, made of sealskins stretched upon a frame.

Kedge(kej),??. Asmallanrhor. — r. t. [Kkdged
(kgjd) ; Kedging.] To warp (a ship) by means
of a kedge.

Keel (kel), n. The principal timber in a ship, ex-
tending from stem to
stern at the bottom ;
a projecting ridge
along the middle of a
flat or curving sur-
face. — v. i. [Keeled
(keld); Keeling.] To
plow with a keel ; to 0 Kcdson h K'eel „ Falge
turn up the keel ; to Keel,

show the bottom. —

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

KEELHAUL

229

KILOSTERE

Keel'hanl (keYhalO, v. t. To haul (a culprit)
under a ship's keel, as a punishment. — Keel'SOn
(kgl'sun), n. A timber securing a ship's floor
timbers to the keel.

Keen (ken), a. Eager ; sharp ; cutting ; severe ;
acute. — Keenly, adv. — Keen'ness, n.

Keep (kep), v. t. [Kept (kept) ; Keeping.] To
preserve ; to save ; to maintain ; to supply ; to
hold ; to celebrate. — v. i. To last ; to en-
dure ; to stay ; to dwell. — n. Support ; strong-
hold. — Keep'er, n. — Keep'er-ship, n. Office
of a keeper. — Keep'ing, n. A holding; cus-
tody ; guard ; support ; congruity ; harmony. —
Keep'sake7 (-sak7), n. Something to be kept for
the sake of the giver ; a memento.

Keg (keg), n. A small cask or barrel.

Kelp (kelp), n. Calcined ashes of seaweed, used
in manufacture of glass and of iodine ; a large
blackish seaweed.

Kelp.

Kelt (kelt), n. Celt. — Kelt'iC, a. Celtic.

Ken (ken), v. t. [Kenned (kgnd) ; Kenning.]
To know ; to see ; to descry. — n. Cognizance ;
view ; reach of knowledge.

Ken'nel (kSn'nel), n. A house for dogs ; a pack
of hounds ; the hole of a fox or other beast. — # .
t. & L [Kenneled (-ngld) or Kennelled ; Ken-
neling or Kennelling.] To lodge in a kennel.

Ke'no (ke'no), n. A gambling game, like lotto.

Ken'tle (ken't'l), n. A hundred weight ; quintal.

Kept, imp. &p. p. of Keep.

Ke-ram'ic (ke-ram'Tk), a. Same as Ceramic.

Ker'chief (ker'chTf), n. A cloth covering the
head or the neck.

Kerf (kerf), n. A notch or slit made by cutting
or sawing.

Kern (kern), n. An idler ; a vagabond.

Kern (kern), n. Part of a type projecting beyond
the body, or shank, — v. i. To form with a
kern.

Ker'nel (ker'nei), n. Little grain or corn ; any-
thing included in a shell or integument ; the
central part of anything.

Ker'O-sene7 (ker'6-sen7), n. Coal oil ; illumina-
ting oil produced from petroleum.

Ker'sey (ker'zj')> «• Coarse cloth, woven from
long wool.

Ker'sey-mere (keVzjf-mer), n. Cassimere.

Kes'trel (keVtrel), n. A small, slender, Euro-
pean hawk.

Keystone.

Kestrel.
Ketch'up (kSch'up), n. A sauce. See Catchup.

Ket'tle (kgt't'l), n. Metallic vessel, for boiling
water, etc. — Ket'tle-drum7 (-drum'), n. A
drum made of a copper vessel
covered with parchment ; an in-
formal social afternoon party.

Key (ke), n. Ledge of rocks near
the surface of the water ; low
island; a wharf ; a quay. —
Key'age (ke'aj), n. Wharfage.

Key (ke), n. Instrument to fasten Kettledrum.
and open locks, wind watches,
adjust mechanism, etc. ; solution ; means of ac-
cess ; index ; pitch ; tone. — v. t. [Keyed (ked) ;
Keying.] To fasten or tighten with keys or
wedges. — Keyboard7 ( ke ' bord ' ), n. Whole
range of the keys of an organ, piano, type-
writer, etc. —Key'hole7 (-hoi'), n. Hole for re-
ceiving a key ; excavation in beams to be joined,
to receive the key which fastens them. — Key'-
note7 (-not7), n. Tonic or first tone of the scale
of a piece of music ; fundamental idea. —
Key'stone7 (-ston'), n. Wedge-shaped stone at
the top or middle of
an arch or vault, which — •!
binds the work. ^|

Kha'ki (ka'ke), w. A =
brownish cloth used for
uniforms, etc. — a. Made
of khaki.

Kha'lif (kallf), n. See
Caliph.

Khan (kan ; kh = h gut-
tural), n. A prince ; king ; chief, or governor,
among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians. —
Khan'ate (-at), n. Dominion of a khan.

Khan (kan), n. An Eastern inn or caravansary.

l!Khe/dive/ (ka'dev'), n. Governor ; viceroy ; the
t'tle of the Turkish governor of Egypt.

Kibe (kib), n. An ulcerated chilblain.

Kick (kik), v. t. & i. [Kicked (kikt) ; Kick-
ing. ] To strike with the foot. — n. A blow with
the foot ; a recoil of a gun.

Kid (kid), n. A young goat ; leather ; a glove
made of kid's skin. —v. i. To bring forth a kid.

Kid'nap7 (kTd'nSpO, v. t. [Kidnaped (-nSpt/) or
Kidnapped; Kidnaping or Kidnapping.] To
steal and secrete (a human being, — man, wom-
an, or child). — Kid'nap'er, Kid'nap per, n.

Kld'ney (kid'n^), n. ; pi. Kidneys (-niz). One of
two glands which secrete urine and other waste
products of the body ; disposition ; sort ; kind.

Kll'der-Mn (k!l'der-k!n), n. A small barrel; a
liquid measure of 18 to 22 gallons.

Kill (Ml), v. t. [Killed (Mid) ; Killing.] To
deprive of life ; to slay ; to destroy. — Kill'er, n.

Kiln (Ml), n. Large stove or oven for hardening,
burning, or drying anything ; pile of brick for
burning or hardening. — Klln'-dry/ (Ml'dri7),'
v. t. To dry in a kiln.

Kilo (ke'16), Kil'o-gram ( Ml ' $ - gram ), Kil'o-
gramme, n. Metric measure of weight, being
1,000 grams, or 2.20465 pounds avoirdupois.

Kil'0-li/ter (kTl'S-l^ter or M-151'I-ter), Kil'0-li'-
tre, n. A metric measure of capacity, equal to
a cubic meter, or 264.18 American gallons of
231 cubic inches.

Kil'O-me'ter (kll'6-me'ter or M-lom'e-ter), Kil'O-
me tre, n. A metric measure of length, being
1,000 meters, or 3,280.89 American feet, or
.62137 of a mile.

Kil'o-Stere (Ml'o-ster' or -star'), n. A metric

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tXVTt,

KILT

230

KNAVE

measure of volume, containing 1,000 cubic me-
ters, equivalent to 35,315 American cubic feet
Kilt (kilt), n. Scottish Highlander's short petti-
coat ; filibeg. — v. t. To tuck up (a skirt, etc.).
Ki-mo'no (kT-mo'no), n. A loose Japanese robe.
Kin (kin), n. & a. Kindred. — Kins'folk' (kinz'-
fok') n. Relations. — Kins'man, n. m., Kins'-
wom/an, n.f. One related by blood. — Kin'-
Ship, n. Relationship.
Kind (kind), a. Having feelings befitting our
common nature ; sympathetic ; generous ; ten-
der ; gentle ; loving. — n. Race ; species ; na-
ture ; style ; character ; manner. — Kind'ly,
adv. — Kind'ness, n. — Kind'-heart'ed (-hart'-
gd), a. Having kindness of nature.
Kin'der-gar'ten (km'der - gaVtgn), n. School
where children are trained by observation, imi-
tation, construction, and play. — Kln'der-gart'-
ner (-gart/iier), n. A kindergarten teacher.
Kin'dle (kin'd'l), v. t. [Kindled (-d'ld) ; Kin-
dling (-dllng). ] To set on fire ; to light ; to in-
flame ; to exasperate ; to rouse ; to provoke. —
v. i. To take fire ; to be excited ; to grow warm
or animated. — Kin'dler, n.
Kind'ly (kind'ly), a. [Kindlier; Kindliest.]
Sympathetic ; genial ; benevolent ; gracious ;
mild ; gentle. — Kind'li-ness, n.
Kind'ly, adv. , Kind'ness, n. See under Kind, a.
Kin'dred (kln'drgd), n. Relation by birth or
marriage; consanguinity; kin; relations. — a.
Related ; congenial ; akin.
Kine (kin), n., pi. of Cow, n.
Ki-ne'to-scope (ki-ne'to-skop), n. A machine

for the production of moving pictures.
King (king), n. A sovereign ; a monarch ; a play-
ing card having the picture of a king ; the chief
piece in the game of chess ; a crowned man in
game of checkers. — King'ly (-ty ), a. Royal ;
regal; monar-
chical ; befitting
a king. — adv.
Royally. —
King'li-ness,
n. — King' ship,
n. Royalty.
— King'dom

(-dum), n. Do-
minion of a king ;
monarchy; ex-
tensive scientific
division or de-
partment. —
King's evil.
Scrofula, former-
ly supposed to
be healed by the
touch of a king.

K 1 n g ' f i s h ' e r
(king 'fish' 5r ),
n. A bird of
many species, feeding on fish, reptiles, insects,
etc.

King'— post' (kfng'post'), n. A beam in the frame
of a roof or compound girder,
to prevent sagging of the tie-
beam.

King'ship, n. See under Kino,

Kingfisher.

Kink (kink), n. A twist or loop
in a rope or thread ; a crotchet

pott

a whim. — v. i. [Kinked (kTnkt) ; Kinking.]

To twist spontaneously. — Kink'y (-J ), a. Full
of kinks or curls ; snarled ; queer ; crotchety.

Ki'no (ki'no ), n. The dried juice of certain plants,
used in tanning and dyeing and as an astringent
medicine.

Kins'folk, Kins'man, etc. See under Kin, n.

Ki-OSk' (ke-osk'), n. A Turkish open summer
house or pavilion.

Kip (kipX n. The skin of a young beast. — Kip'-
Skin' (-skin'), n. Leather prepared from the
skin of young cattle, intermediate between calf-
skin and cowhide.

Kip'per (kTp'per), n. A salmon after spawning ;
also, a salmon split open, salted, and dried or
smoked. — v. t. To cure (fish).

Kirk (kerk), n. The church (in Scotland) ; the
Scottish established church.

Kir'mess (ker'mgs), n. A festival ; a fair.

Kir'tle (ker't'l), n. A gown ; a short jacket.

Kis'met (kTs'mgt), n. Destiny ; fate.

Kiss (kis), v. t. & i. [Kissed (kist) ; Kissing.]
To salute with the lips. — n. A salute with the
lips pressed together ; a small piece of confec-
tionery.

Kit (kit), n. A kitten.

Kit (kit), n. A small violin.

Kit (kit), n. A large bottle ; a tub ; pail ; box for
tools ; necessary outfit for a workman ; a group
of separate things or persons.

Kitch'en (kTch'gn), n. The room appropriated to
cookery. — Kitchen garden. Garden for rais-
ing vegetables for the table. — Kitchen Stuff.
Fat collected from pots, etc.

Kite (kit), n. A rapacious bird of the hawk kind ;
a rapacious person ; a light
frame of wood covered
with paper, for flying in
the air; fictitious c o m -
mercial paper.

Kit 'ten (kit't'n), n. A
young cat. — v. t. & i. To
bring forth (kittens).

Klep'to-ma'ni-a ( klgp ' to •
ma'nT-a), n. Morbid im- ,
pulse to steal. — Klep'to- 1
ma'ni-ac (-nT-Sk), n. One
affected with kleptomania.

Knab (n£b), v. t. [Knabbed
(nabd) ; Knabbing.] To
seize with the teeth; to
lay hold of ; to nab.

Knack (nXk), n. A toy;
knickknack ; aptness ; skill ;
vice ; trick. — Knack'er, n. A maker of toys,
etc. ; a clapper, or one of two or more pieces of
wood, bone, etc., held between the fingers and
struck together.

Knack'er (nSk'er), n. One who slaughters worn-
out horses.

Knag (n£g), n. A knot in wood ;
of a deer's horn. — Knag'gy (nag'-
«y)i "■ Knotty; rough in temper.

Knap'sack' (nXp'saV), v. Portable
case of canvas or leather, to con-
tain necessaries for soldiers, trav-
elers, etc.

Knar (nar), Knarl (nail), n. Knot
in wood. — Knarled (niirld), a. .
Knotted. Knapsack.

Knave (nav), v. A rascal; villain ; playing card
marked with the figure of a servant or soldier;

Kite,
dexterity ; a de-

prong

■ - " ■■■■■■■ v« *-• L"A*i".u*-' Vrk*i***1//I **■*"*"«*»• J ■ •!«<■* n.^\A «ii/ii UlC hi,um. wi M nciTUlIb Ul OU1UIC1 ,

n , e, I, d, u, long ; ft, e, I, 5, u, y, short ; seu&te, £ vent, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, a*k, ail, final,

KNAVERY

231

KOALA

a jack. — Knav'er-y (nav'ei ■-}•), n. Dishonesty ;
petty villainy ; trickery.— Knav'ish, »• Fraud-
ulent ; tricky. — Knav'ish- ly, adv. — KnaV-
ish-ness. n.

Knead t,ued), v. t. To press into a mass ; to work
(the materials of bread, cake, or paste) into a
well-mixed mass. — Knead' er, n.

Knee (ne), n. The joint between leg and thigh ;
piece of timber or metal with an angle like the
human knee when bent. — Knee'cap' (-kap ),
Knee'pan' (-paV), n. The patella, a flattened
round bone in the tendon in front of the knee
joint.

Kneel (nel), v. i. [Knelt (nelt) or Kneeled
(neld) ; Kneeling.] To bend the knee ; to fall
on the knees. — Kneel'er, n.

Knell (nel), n. The stroke of a bell, rung at a fu-
neral or death ; a death signal. — v. i. [Knelled
(ngld) ; Knelling.] To sound as a knell or
evil omen.

Knelt (nelt), imp. & p. p. from Kneel.

Knew (.nu), imp. of Know.

Knick'er-bock ers (nik'er-boK'erz), ?z. pi. Short
breeches ; smallclothes.

Knlck'knack ( uTk'nak ), n. A toy ; a bawble ;
gewgaw.

Knife (nlf ), n. ; pi. Knives (nivz). An instrument,
usually of steel, for cutting. — v. t. [Knifed
(nift) ; Knifing (nif'Tng).] To prune ; to stab.

Knight (nit), n. A man on whom a certain feudal
rank or dignity has been con-
ferred; a member of certain
organizations ; a champion ;
a partisan ; a lover ; piece in
the game of chess. — v. t.
To dub or create a knight. —
Knight'ly (-ly), a. Pertain-
ing to, or becoming, a knight.

— adv. In a manner becom-
ing a knight. — Knight'll-
ness, «. — Knight'hood
(-hood), n. Character, dig-
nity, or condition of a knight;
knights collectively. —
Knight'-er'rant ( -grtrant ),
n. Knight roving in search
of adventures, and to exhibit
military skill, prowess, and
generosity. — Knight ' - er ' -
rant-ry (-ry), n. A wander-
ing in quest of adventures.

Knit ( nit ), v. t. [Knit or
Knitted ; Knitting.] To
form into knots ; to tie ; to form by interlooping
thread in connected knots, by means of needles ;
to join ; to draw together ; to contract. — v. i.
To weave by making knots ; to unite closely. —
Knit'ter (mt'ter), n. — Knit'ting, n . Work of
a knitter; network formed by knitting; union
(of bones, etc.) formed by knitting. —Knitting
needle. A wire used for knitting threads into
a fabric.

Knives (nivz), n., pi. of Knife.

Knob (nob), n. A knot ; a protuberance ; a bunch.

— Knob'by (u5b'by), a. Full of knobs or protu-
berances.

Knock (n5k), v. t. & i. [Knocked (n5kt) ;
Knocking.] To strike; to beat; to dash; to
clash. — n. Stroke ; blow ; rap. — KnOCk'er. n.

— Knock'-kneed (-ned), a. Having legs bent
inward, so that the knees touch in walking.

Knoll (nol), v. & n. Knell.

Knoll (nol)i •»• Top or crown of a hill ; hillock.

Knot (n5t), n. A tie ; a fastening together of

Knight.

Knots.
Single Knot ; b Double
Knot : c Figure of 8
Knot; </ Overhand
Knot : l Bowline Knot ;
g Single Bowknot : h
Loop Knot ; ( Granny
Knot ; k Square or Reef
Knot.

threads, cords, etc., by various modes of tying
or entangling ; a lump or loop in a tied thread.
rope, ribbon, etc. ; a connection ; a bond of
union ; a joint in a plant ; a nautical mile, or
6080.27 feet; a bird akin to the *nipe. — v. t.
[Knotted; Knotting.] To form a knot; to
unite closely ; to entangle ; to perplex. — v. i.
To form knots or joints ; to knit knots for fringe.
— -Knot'ted (nBt'tSd), Knot'ty (-ty), a. Having
many knots ; hard ; intricate ; perplexed. — ■
Knot'ti-ness, n.

Knout (nout or noot), n. A Russian whip, for
inflicting stripes on the bare back. — v. t. To
scourge with the knout.

Know (no). V. t. & i. [imp. Knew (nu) ; p. p.
Known (non) ; Knowing.] To understand ; to
perceive; to recognize. — Know'a-ble (no'a-b'l),
a. Capable of being known. — Knowring, p. a.
Skillful ; well informed ; intelligent ; artful ;
cunning. — Know'ing-ly (no'Tng-ly), adr. —
Knowledge (uol'ej), «. Act of knowing ; cer-
tain apprehension ; learning ; scholarship ;
practical skill ; cognizance ; sexual intercourse.
— Known (non), p. p. from Know.

Knuc'kle (nuk'k'l), n. Joint of a finger ; knee-
joint, esp. of a calf. — v. i. To submit in con-
test; to yield. —Knuckle joint. A hinge joint
pivoted on a pin which
passes through eyes in
the two members of the
joint.

Knurl (nQrl), n. A knot ; Knuckle Joint,

hard substance ; cross-
grained person. — Knurl'y (-y). a. Full of
knots ; hard ; rough ; capable of enduring or
resisting much.

Ko-a'la (k6-a'la),7j. The Australian bear,or native

Koala.

fern, recent, 6rb, ry.de, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

KOBOLD

232

LADDER

sloth, the female of which carries her young on

the back of her neck.
Ko^old (ko'bold), n. A goblin or elf among the

Germans.
Ko'dak (koMXk), n. A portable camera.
Ko/peck (ko'pek), n. A small Russian coin.
Ko'ran (ko'ran or ko-ran'), n. Sacred writings

of the Mohammedans.
Ko-tOW' (ko-tou'), n. Chinese mode of salutation

by prostration and knocking the head on the

ground. — v. i. To salute thus.

Kou'miss (koo'mTs), n. Intoxicating liquor made
by fermenting mare's or camel's milk.

Kow-tow' (kou-tou'). Same as Kotow, n. & v. i.

Kraal (kral or kral), n. A South African vil-
lage ; sometimes, a single hut ; an inclosure
for elephants.

Kre'o-sote (kre'6-sot), n. See Creosote.

Ku'miss, n. See Koumiss.

Ky'an-ize (ki'an-Iz), v. t. To protect (wood)
against decay, by saturating it with a solution
of corrosive sublimate.

L.

Labiate Corolla.

La-bo'ri-ous-

La (13), n. The syllable indicating the 6th tone of
the musical scale.

La (la), interj. Look ; see ; behold.

La'bel (la'bel), n. A slip of paper, etc., describ-
ing the thing to which it is affixed ; contents. —
v. t. [Labeled (-beld) or Labelled ; Labeling
or Labelling.] To affix a label to ; to mark.

La'bi-al (la'bi-al), a. Pertaining to, or formed
by, the lips. — n. A letter (o, p, v, f, m, or w),
formed chiefly with the lips. — La'bi-ate (-at),
LaT>i-a'ted (-5'ted), a. Hav-
ing parts resembling lips.

La'bor (la'ber), n. Work ; toil :
task ; exertion. — r. i. & t.
[Labored (-berd); Laboring
To work. — La'bor-er, n. —
La-bO'ri-OUS (la-bo'ri-us), a.
Diligent in labor; requiring
hard work ; toilsome ; tiresome.
ly, adv. — La-bo'ri-ous-ness, n

Lab'0-ra-tO-ry (15b'o-ra-t6-ry), n. ; pi. Labora-
tories (-riz). A place for operations and exper-
iments in chemistry, pharmacy, pyrotechny, etc.

LaVy-rintb. (lat/T-rTnth), n. A place full of intri-
cacies or winding passages ; a maze. — Lab'y-
rin'tbi-an (-rln'thl-an), Lab'y-rin'thic (-thTk),
Lab'y-rill'tbilie (-thin), a. Like a labyrinth ;
intricate ; perplexing.

Lac (15k), n. A resinous substance, produced by
an insect, upon the banyan and other trees.

Lac (15k), Lakh (lak), n. One hundred thou-
sand ; a term in the East Indies for an indefi-
nitely great number.

Lace (las), n. String ; cord ; fabric of fine threads,
interwoven in a net. — v. t. [Laced (last) ;
Lacing (la'sing).] To fasten, adorn, or deck,
with lace. — v. i. To have, or be fastened with,
a lace or string. — Lace'wing' (-wing'), n. An
insect hav-
ing lacelike
winps and
brilliant
eyes, whose
larvae are
useful in
destroying
aphides.

Lac'er-ate (ISs'er-at), V. t. To tear ; to rend. —
LaCer-a'Uon (-a'shGn), n. A tearing ; broru-h
made by rending. — Lac'er-a-tive (15s'er-a-tTv),
a. Tending to lacerate.

Lach/ry-mal (15k'rT-m<7l), a. Generating, secret-
ing, or conveying, tears. — Lach'ry-ma-to-ry

(-ma-to-rif), n. A vessel for holding tears.—
Lach'ry-mose/ (-mos7), a. Generating or shed-
ding tears ; tearful.

Lack (15k), v. t. & i. [Lacked (15kt) ; Lacking.]
To need ; to want. — n. Want ; destitution ;
need ; failure.

Lack'a-day' (lSk'a-da7), interj. Alas ; — an ex-
pression of sorrow or regret. — Lacka-dai'si-cal
(-da'zl-kal), a. Affectedly pensive ; sentimen-
tal.

Lack'er, n. See Lacquer.

Lack'ey (15k'y), n.; pi. Lackeys (-Tz). An at-
tending servant ; footman, — v. t. To wait upon.

La-COn'lc (la-k5n'Tk), a. Expressing much in few
words ; brief ; concise. — La-COn'ic-al-ly, adv.
— La-con'i-cism (-T-sTz'ni), Lac'o-nism (I5k'6-
niz'm), n. A concise expression ; sententious
phrase.

Lac'quer (lSk'er), n. Varnish, consisting of shel-
lac dissolved in alcohol, —v. (. To varnish.

La-crosse7 (la-kros'), n. An Indian and Canadi-
an game, played by carrying or tossing a ball
with long rackets (or crosses) through one of the
goals at either end of the field.

Lac-ta'tion (15k-ta'shun), n. A giving suck; time
of suckling. — Lac'- .„, _

te-al (15k'te-rtl),
Lac'te-an (-on),
Lac'te-ous (-us), a.
Pertaining to, or re-
s e m b 1 i n g, milk ;
milky; conveying
chyle. — Lac'te-al,
n. One of the lym-
phatic vessels which
convey chyle. —
Lac 'tic (-ttk), a.
Pertaining to milk ;
procured from
whey. — Lac-tli'er-
OUS (-tTfer-Os), a.
Bearing or convey- Lacteals and Adjacent Parts,
ing milk or juice. — a Aorta: b Thoracic Duct;
Lymphatic or I.ncteal

Lactwii

Lac-tom'e-ter (13k

t5m'e-ter), n. In

strument for testing

the purity of milk.
Lad(lSd), n. A boy;

a stripling.
Lad'der (lid'der), ».

A frame of wood,

rope, etc., forming

steps for climbing ; a means of rising

- l"'
Glands lying in the Mesen-
tery and connected with
each other and with the
Thoracic Duct hv the Lnc-
teals /; d Radicals of the
Lacteali in the wall of the
Intestine e; g Large Lac-
teals separated from the
Mesentery.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 5, u, y, short ; seuite, event, tdea, 6bey, duite, c4re, arm, ask, all, final,

LADE

233

LANDWEHR

Lade (lad), v. t. limp. Laded ; p. p. Laded,
Laden (lad''n) ; p. pr. Lading.] To load ; to put
(a burden or freight) on or in ; to dip. — Lad'-
lng (lad'ing), n. Load ; cargo ; freight ; burden.

La'dle (la'd'l), n. Cup with a long handle, for
lading or dipping. — v. t. [Ladled (-d'ld) ;
Ladling (-dling).] To convey in, or dip with,
a ladle.

La'dy (la'dy), n. ; pi. Ladd3S (-diz). Mistress ;
female head of a household ; woman of gentle
birth or breeding ; spouse ; wife. — La'dy-like7
(-Ilk'), a. Like or becoming a lady ; well-bred ;
delicate. — La'dy-love' (-lfivO, n. Sweetheart ;
mistress. — La'dy-Ship, n. Rank or position of
a lady ; — used as a title. — Our Lady. The
Virgin Mary. — La'dy-bird', La'dy-bug', n.
Small beetle of brilliant colors, feed-
ing on plant lice. — Lady Day, n.
Day of the annunciation of the Vir-
gin Mary, March 25.

Lag (lag), a. Slow ; tardy ; long-de-
layed.— n. One who lags ; fag-end ;
lowest class ; retardation of any-
thing, as a valve in a steam engine.

— v.i. [Lagged (15gd) ; Lagging.] L^bvrbd°r
To loiter ; to linger ; to delay. — Slightly en-
Lag'gard (lag'gerd), a. Slow; larged.
sluggish, —n. Sluggard; loiterer.

La'ger beer' (la'ger ber'). German beer, — stored

for some months before use.
La-goon', La-gune/ (la-gobn'), n. A marsh ; a

shallow pond ; a lake in a coral island.
La'iC (la'Tk), a. Belonging to a layman or the

laity. — La'iC, La'ic-al (-i-kal), n. A layman.
Laid, imp. & p. p. of Lay.
Lain, p. p. of Lie.
Lair (Hir), n. A place in which to lie or rest ; the

bed of a wild beast.
Laird (l&rd), a. A Scottish lord or landholder.
La'i-ty (la'T-ty), n. The people, as distinguished

from the clergy.
Lake (lak), n. A body of water surrounded by

land.
Lake (lak), n. Deep-red coloring matter.
HLakh (lak), n. See Lac, 100,000.
La'ma (la'ma), n. A superior Buddhist priest.
Lamb (15m), n. The young of the sheep ; one as

innocent and gentle as a lamb. — v. i. To bring

forth lambs. — Lamb'kin (lam'kin), n. A small

lamb.
Lam'bent (lam'bent), a. Playing on the surface ;

gleaming.
Lam/bre-quin (15m'ber-kTn), n. Pendent scarf ;

drapery hanging from a shelf, above a window,

etc.
Lame (lam), a. Crippled or disabled in a limb ;

imperfect ; not satisfactory. — v. t. [Lamed

(lamd) ; Laming.] To make lame ; to cripple.

— Lamely, adv. — Lame'ness, n.
Lam'el-lar (lSm'Sl-ler), a. Composed of, or dis-
posed in, thin plates or scales.

La-ment ( la - ment ' ), v. i. & t. To weep ; to
mourn ; to regret ; to deplore, — n. Grief ; lam-
entation. — La-ment' er, n. — Lam ' en - ta - ble
(lXm'gn-ta-b'l), n. Sorrowful; pitiable; low;
poor. — Lam'en-ta-bly, adv. — Lam/en-ta'tion
(-ta'shun), n. A bewailing ; expression of sor-
row.

Lam'i-na (lSmT-na), n. ; pi. Laminae (-ne). Thin
plate or scale ; blade of a leaf. — Lam'i-nar
(-ner), Lam'1-na-ry (-na-rj), Lam'i-nate (-nat),

ned wi

v r

Lam'i-na'ted (-na'ted), a. Consisting of plates,
scales, or layers, one over another.

Lam/mas (lam'mas), n. First day of August.

Lamp (lamp), n. A vessel with oil and wick, for
producing artificial light. — Lamp ' black'
(-blaV), n. Fine soot from smoke of buruiug
resinous substances, used in making ink, pig-
ments, etc.

Lam-poon' (lam-poon'), n. Personal satire. — v.
t. To caricature ; to satirize ; to libel.

Lam/prey (15m'pr^), n. An eel-like fish, having
a round, sucking mouth, no jaws, but numerous
minute teeth.

Lance (lans), n. A long spear ; soldier armed with
a spear ; lancer.— v. t. [Lanced (lanst) ;
Lancing (lan'sing).] To pierce with a
lance or lancet ; to throw (a lance).
Lan'cer (lan'ser), 7i. — Lan'cet (-set)
n. Surgical instrument, sharp-pointed
and two-edged, for opening tumors, ab
scesses, veins, etc. ; high and narrow
window pointed like a lancet. — Lan'-
ce-o-late (-se-6-lat), Lan'ce-o-la'ted
(-la'ted), a. Lance-shaped ; oblong and
tapering toward the outer extremity.

Lanch (lanch), v. t. [Lanched (lancht) ;
Lanching.] To throw ; to dart ; to
pierce, as with a lance.

Land (land), n. Earth ; ground ; soil ; Lances,
country or region ; floor ; real estate.
— v. t. To set on shore ; to debark. — v. i. To
go on shore. — Land'ed, a. Having land ; con-
sisting in land. — Land'ing, n. A going or set-
ting on shore; place for going ashore; level place
between flights of a staircase. — Land'hold'er,
Land'own'er, n. Owner of land. — Land'la'dy,
n. /., Land'lord, n. m. Owner of land or houses
leased to tenants ; keeper of a hotel, lodging
house, etc. — Land'less, a. Owning no land. —
Land'locked' (-lokt'), a. Inclosed by land. — -
Land ' lub ' ber, n. A sailor's contemptuous
name for one who lives on land. — Land'man,
Lands'man ( landz ' man ), n. One who lives
on land. — Land'mark', n. Mark designating
boundaries of land ; object raised on shore as a
beacon to seamen. — Land'ward (-weird), adv.
Toward the land. — Land measure. A system
of measurement, or table of areas, used in de-
termining the contents of a piece of land.

Lan'dau (15n'da), n. A four-wheeled coach, whose
top may be thrown
back. — Lan'dau- let'
(-lSf), n. A small lan-
dau.

Land ' grave ' ( land ' -
grav '), n. A German — ^
nobleman correspond-
ing to an earl in Eng-
land and a count in France. — Land-gra'vi-ate
(-gra'vT-at), n. Territory, jurisdiction, or nu-
thority of a landgrave. — Land'gra-vine (land'-
gra-ven), n. The wife of a landgrave.

Land'scape (land'skap), n. A view or picture of
a portion of country.

Land'slidC (lSnd'slld'), Land'slip' (-slip'), n.
A sliding down of land from a mountain ; land
which slips or slides down.

Land'ward. adv. See under Land, n.

HLand'wehr' (lant'var'), n. That part of the
] German army which has rendered military serv-
I ice and, in time of peace, is exempt from duty.

Landau.

fern, recent, orb, rj)de, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

LANE

234

LAST

Lantern.

Lane (Ian), ft. A narrow road.

Lan'guage(15n/gwaj),ft. Human speech ; tongue ;
idiom ; dialect.

Lan'guid (lan'gwid), a. Feeble ; weak ; faint ;
heavy ; dull ; weary. — Lan'guid-ly, adv. —
Lan'guid-ness, Lan/guor (-gwer), n.— Lan'-
guish (-gwlsh), v. i. [Languished (-gwtsht) ;
Languishing.] To become languid ; to pine ;
to wither ; to fade ; to droop ; to faint. — n.
Condition of languishing ; soft and tender look ;
pensiveness. — Lan'guisn-ment. ft. Languish.

La-nif'er-ous (la-mi'er-us), La-nig'er-ous (-nlj'-
erTus), a. Bearing or producing wool.

Lank (lank), a. Loose or lax ; slender ; weak. —
Lank'ly, adv. — Lank'ness, ft.— Lank'y (-f),
a. Somewhat lank ; slim.

Lau'tern (lan'tern), ft. A transparent case in-
closing a light ; dome over a build-
ing to give light.

Lan'yard (ISn'yerd), n. A short rope
for fastening something in ships;
a line for firing cannon with a fric-
tion tube.

Lap (lap), ». A loose part of a coat ;
a skirt ; covering of the knees when
one sits down ; part of the body
thus covered ; extent to which one
object lies over or beside another ;
border; hem. — r. t. [Lapped (lapt) ;
Lapping.] To fold ; to lay over or on ;
to wrap round ; to infold ; to involve.
— v. i. To be laid on or over ; to be
turned over or upon. — Lap'DOard7
(15p,bord/), ft. A board held in the
lap as a substitute for a table. — Lap'dog7, ft.
A dog small enough to be fondled in the lap.

Lap (lap), v. i. [Lapped (lapt) ; Lapping.] To
feed or drink by licking ; to make a sound as by
taking up drink with the tongue. —v. t. To
lick up.

La-pel' (la-pel'), ft. Part of a coat which laps over
the facing.

Lap'i-da-ry (lap'i-da-ry), ft. An artificer or dealer
in precious stones ; a virtuoso skilled in gems.
— a. Pertaining to the art of cutting stones or
to inscriptions on monuments. — Lap i-des'cent
•(-des'sent), a. Growing or turning to stone. —
Lap'i-des'cence (-sens), ra. A turning into
stone ; stony concretion. — La-pid'i-fy (la-pTd'-
I-fi), v. t. To form into stone. — v. i. To be-
come stone or stony.

Lapland-er (lXp'land-er), Lapp (lap), ft. A na-
tive or inhabitant of Lapland. — Lap'pish. a.
Pertaining to the Lapps. — ft. The language of
Lapland.

Lap'pet (lXp'pgt), w. Part of a garment hanging
loose.

Lapse (laps), n. A gliding, slipping, or gradual
falling; slip; error, — v. i. [Lapsed (lapst) ;
Lapsing.] To slip ; to slide ; to fall or pass to
another, by negligence or failure; to become
void.

Lap'stone7 (lap'ston'), n. Stone for the lap, on
which shoemakers beat leather.

Lap'streak' (lSp'strek'), a- Made with boards
whose edges lap one over another ; clinkerbuilt.

Lap'wlng (lXp'wtng), ft. Wading bird of the
Plover family.

Larboard' (lar'bord' or -herd'), n. Left-hand side
of a ship (as one on board faces the bow) ; port.

Lai'ce-ny (lar'se-njr), n. Petty theft.

Larch (larch), ft. A deciduous, conebearing tree ;

hackmatack ; tamarack.
Lard (lard), ft. Fat of swine,

melted and separated from

the flesh. — v. t. To smear or

mix with lard ; to grease ; to

fatten ; to enrich. — Lard'er,

ft. Place for storing food ;

pantry.
Large Q'arj), a. Of great size ;

big ; capacious ; ample ; co-
pious ; wide. — Large'ly, adv. '

— Large'ness, n. — Lar'gish,
a. Somewhat large.

Lar'gess, Lar'gesse (lar'jes), n.

gift ; bounty.

Lar'i-at (larl-at), n. A lasso ; a cord for catch-
ing or picketing horses or cattle.

Lark (lark), «. A singing bird of many species.

— v. i. [Larked (larkt) ; Larking.] To catch
larks. — Lark'spur' (-spflr'), ft. A plant with
showy blue flowers.

Lark (lark), n. A jolly time. — i

Lar'va (lar'va), Larve (l'arv),
(-ve), E. Larvas (-vaz).
An insect in the caterpil-
lar, grub, or maggot
state.

Lar'ynx (lar'Tnks), ft. Up-
per part of the trachea or

windpipe. — Lar/yn-ge/al

(laVTn-je'fll or la-rln'je-
al), La-ryn'ge-an (-an),
a. Pertaining to the lar-
ynx. — Laryn-got'o-my
(laVTn-got'6-my), n. The
cutting into the larynx,
to assist respiration when
obstructed, or remove
foreign bodies.

Larch.

A present;

i. To frolic.
pi. L. Larwe

Las'car (lSs'kar or 15s-

Larva of Insects.
Apodal Larva of Car-

IrnrA r, Oripntal nntivP Ptllter Bee i b Lepidop-

kar'), ft. Oriental native ttMOUS Larva of Cur.
sailor, employed in Euro- rant Borer ; c Larva of
pean vessels. a Beetle (Acilitts) ; d

LaS-CiV'i-OUS ( ISs-sTv'T- Larva of White Ant
us), a. Loose ; wanton ; (Ier"ies)-
lewd. — Las-civ'i-ous-ly, adv. — Las-civ'i-ous-
ness, ft.

Lash (15sh), ft. The thong of a whip ; a stroke
with a whip, or of satire or sarcasm ; a cut ;
hair growing from the eyelid ; eyelash. — v. t. &
i. [Lashed (ISsht) ; Lashing.] To strike with a
lash ; to satirize ; to bind with a cord. — Lash'-
er, ft.

Lass (las), ft. A young woman ; a girl.

Las'si-tude (15s'sT-tud), ». State of being weak ;
languor of body or mind ; weariness.

Las'so (ISs'so), ft. ; pi. Lassos (-soz). A cord
with a noose, used for catching horses, etc. —
v. t. [Lassoed (-sod) ; Lassoing.] To catch
with a lasso.

Last (last), a. Following all the rest ; final ; ut-
most. — adv. The last time ; finally. — Last'-
ly, adv.

Last (last), v. i. To continue in time ; to endure ;
to continue unimpaired ; to hold out. — Last'-
lng, a. Enduring; durable; permanent. — ?!.
Continuance ; a durable woolen material for
shoes ; everlasting. — Last/ing-ly. adv.

Last (last), n. Load ; weight or measure, vary-
ing as to different articles ; burden of a ship.

a, e,

o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Sveut, Idea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

LAST

235

LAWYER

Last (last), n. Mold of the human foot, on which

shoes are formed.
Latch (lach), n. Catch for holding a door closed.

— v.t.& i. [Latched (IScht) ; Latching.] To
catch or fasten by a latch. — Latch'et (lSch'et),
n. A string fastening a shoe.

Late (lat), a. [Later (latter) or Latter (lSf-
ter) ; Latest (lat'est) or Last (last).] Coming
after others, or after the proper time \ slow ;
tardy ; deceased ; out of office ; recent. — adv.
After the proper time ; not long ago ; lately ;
far in the night, day, week, or other period. —
Lat'er (lat'er), a. Subsequent. — Lat'est, a.
Tardiest ; last. — Late'ly, adv. Not long ago ;
recently. — Late'ness, n. — Lat'ish, a. Some-
what late.

La'tent ( la'tent ), a. Not visible or apparent ;
hid ; secret. — La'ten-cy (-ten-sjf), n. State of
being latent.

Lat'er-al (lat'er-al), a. Pertaining to, proceeding
from, or attached to, the side ; directed to the
6ide. — Lat'er-al-ly, adv. By the side ; side-
wise ; in the direction of the side.

Lat'est, a. Superl. of Late.

Lath (lath), n. ; pi. Laths (lathz). A thin, nar-
row board, to support tiles or plastering. —
Lath (lath), v. t. [Lathed (lathd) ; Lathing.]
To cover or line with laths.

Lathe (lath), n. A machine for turning or shap-
ing articles of wood, metal, etc.

Lath'er (lath'er), n. Froth of soap and water ;
foam ; sweat. — v. i. To form a foam. — v. t.
[ Lathered ( - erd ) ; Lathering. ] To spread
over with lather.

Lat'in (lat'Tn), a. Pertaining to the Latins, a
people of Italy, or to the language of the ancient
Romans or Latins, or to certain nations (French,
Spanish, Italians, etc.) using languages of Latin
derivation. — n. Citizen of Latium ; language
of the ancient Romans. — Lat'in-ism (-Tz'm),
n. A Latin idiom ; mode of speech peculiar to
the Latins. — Lat'in-ist, n. A Latin scholar. —
Lat'in-lze (-Iz), v. t. To turn or translate into
Latin. — La-tin'lty (la-tTn'I-ty), n. Latin
tongue, style, or idiom ; purity of Latin style.

Lat'ish, a. See under Late, a.

Lat'i-tude (ISt'T-tud), n. Extent from side to side ;
breadth ; space ; laxity ; independence ; scope ;
distance north or south of the equator, meas-
ured on a meridian. — Lafi-tU'di-nal (-tu'dT-
nc/1), a. Pertaining to, or in the direction of,
latitude. — Lat/i-tU'di-na'ri-an (-na'rT-crn), a.
Not restrained ; not confined by precise limits
or by strict regard to standards of belief or opin-
ion. — ■ n. One free in thinking, or regardless
of strict principles of orthodoxy. — Lat'i-tU'dl-
na'ri-an-ism (-Tz'm), it. Freedom of opinion.

Lat'ten (lat'ten), n. Thin metallic plate.

Lat'ter (lXt'ter), a. More late or
recent; second of two; lately
done or past ; modern.

Lat'ter-ly, adv. In time not long
past ; lately ; of late.

Lat'tice (lSt'tTs), n. A network
of crossbars ; a window blind.

— v. t. [Latticed (-tTst) ; Lat-
ticing (15t'tT-sTng).] To form
into openwork ; to close or fur-
nish with a lattice.

Land (lad), n. High commenda-
tion ; glory ; honor ; praise in

Lattice.

worship. — v. t. To praise ; to celebrate ; to ex-
tol.— Laud'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Praiseworthy ; com-
mendable. — Laud'a-bly, adv. — Laud'a-ble-
ness, n. — Laud'a-to-ry (-to-ry), a. Expressing
praise. — n. That which contains praise. — Lau-
da'tion (la-da'shiin), n. Praise ; commendation.

Lau'da-num (la'da-num), n. Tincture of opium,
used for medicinal purposes.

Laugh (laf ), v. i. [Laughed (laft) ; Laughing.]
To manifest mirth by expressions of face and
voice. — v. t. To express by laughing ; to ridi-
cule ; to deride. — n. An expression of mirth
peculiar to man ; laughter. — Laugh'er, n. —
Laugh'a-ble (laf'a-b'l), a. Droll ; ludicrous ;
comical. — Laugh'a-bly, adv. — Laugh'a-ble-
ness, n. — Laughing gas. Nitrous oxide, or
protoxide of nitrogen, which produces exhilara-
tion when inhaled, and is used as an anaesthetic.

— Laugh'ing-Stock (laf'Tng-stok), n. An ob-
ject of ridicule ; butt. — Laugh'ter (laf'ter), n.
Involuntary movement of the muscles of the
face, or peculiar expression of the eyes, indica-
ting merriment or satisfaction, usually with so-
norous expulsion of air from the lungs.

Launch ( lanch ), v. t. [Launched ( lancht ) ;
Launching. ] To cause to slide into water ; to
dispatch; to throw (a spear or dart), —v. i. To
expatiate. — n. The sliding of a ship into water •,
a large open boat.

Laun'der (lan'der), v. t. To wash, or wash and
iron (clothes). — Laun'der-er, n. m., Laun'-
dress (-dres), n. f. — Laun'dry (-dry), n. ; pi.
Laundries ( - driz ). A washing ; place where
clothes are washed.

Lau're-ate (la/re-at), a. Decked or invested with
laurel. — n. One crowned with laurel; the
English court poet, retained to write odes on
state occasions ; — called also poet laureate.

Lau'rel (la'rel), n. An evergreen shrub, having
aromatic leaves, from which honorary crowns
were formerly made ; pi. honor ; fame.

La'va (lii'va), n. Melted rock ejected by a volcano.

Lave (lav), v. I. & i. To wash; to bathe. — La'ver,
n. Vessel for washing in. — Lav'a-tO-ry (laV-
a-to-ry), a. Washing ; cleansing by washing.

— n. Place for washing ; lotion for a diseased
part ; place where gold is obtained by washing.

Lav'en-der ( laVeu-der ), n. An aromatic plant,
yielding an oil used in medicine and perfumery ;
the pale purplish color of its flowers.

La'ver (la'ver), n. See under Lave, v. t.

Lav'ish (lXv'Tsh), a. Expending profusely or
foolishly ; prodigal ; extravagant ; immoderate.

— v.t. [Lavished (15vTsht) ; Lavishing.] To
expend prodigally; to squander. — Lav'ish-ly,
adv. — Lav'ish-ness, n.

Law (la), n. A rule of order or conduct ; will of
God ; regulation ; edict ; legal science ; juris-
prudence. — Law'ful (la'ful), a. Agreeable or
conformable to law ; legal; competent ; constitu-
tional ; legitimate ; rightful. — Law'ful-ly, adv.

— Law'ful-ness, n. — Law'giv er (-glv'er), n.
Legislator. — Law'less (-les), a. Not subject to,
or restrained by, laws of morality or of society ;
unauthorized by civil law ; not subject to the
laws of nature. — Law'less-ly, adv. — Law'-
less-ness, n. — Law'mak'er (-mak'er), n. A
legislator ; a lawgiver. — Law'suit' (-suf), n.
Process in law ; action. — Law'yer (-yer), n.
One versed in law ; practitioner of law ; attor-
ney ; counselor ; barrister.

ferrx, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

LAWN

236

LEAVE

Lawn ( lan ), n. Open space between woods ;
ground covered with grass, carefully kept. —
Lawn mower. A machine for clipping grass
on lawns. — Lawn tennis. A game of tennis
played out of doors.

Lawn (lan), n. Fine linen or cambric fabric.

Law'SUit, Law'yer, n. See under Law, n.

Lax (laks), a. Not tense, firm, or rigid ; loose ;
slack ; vague ; dissolute ; licentious. — Lax'ly,
adv. — Lax'ness, Lax'i-ty (laks'T-ty ), n. — Lax-
a'tion (-a'shun), n. A loosening or slackening. —
Lax'a-tive (-a-tiv), a. Tending to loosen or
open the intestines. — n. Medicine that relaxes
the bowels ; a purgative.

Lay, imp. of Lie.

Lay (la), v. t. [Laid (lad); Laying.] To put;
to place ; to prepare ; to contrive (a snare, plan,
etc.) ; to produce (eggs) ; to impose ; to bet. —
v. i. To deposit eggs ; to bet ; to take position.

— n. A row ; a stratum ; a layer ; a wager. —
Lay figure. An artist's jointed model of the
human body ; a puppet. — Lay'er (la'er), n. One
who, or that which, lays or is laid ; a stratum ; a
bed ; a shoot of a plant. — Lay'er-ing, n. Prop-
agation of plants by layers.

Lay (la), a. Pertaining to the laity (not to the
clergy) ; unprofessional ; laic. — Lay'man (la'-
man), n. One of the laity ; one not belonging to
the clerical, medical, legal, or other profession.

Lay (la), n. A song ; ballad ; melody.

La'zar (la'zar), n. One infected with pestilent
disease ; leper. — Laz'a-ret' (laz'a-rgt'), Laz'a-
ret'to (-to), n. A hospital or pesthouse for dis-
eased persons.

La'zy (la'zy), a. [Lazier ; Laziest.] Disinclined
to exertion ; idle ; indolent ; slothful. — La'zi-
ly, adv. — La'zi-ness, n.

Lea (le), n. A meadow ; a plain.

Leach (lech), n. Quantity of wood ashes, through
which water passes, imbibing the alkali ; tub
for leaching ashes, bark, etc. — v. t. To wash
(ashes, etc.) ; to dissolve out.

Lead (l§d), n. A soft and very heavy metal, —v. t.
[Leaded (lgd'Sd); Leading.] To cover, supply,
or fit with lead. — Lead'en (lgd''n), a. Made
of lead ; dull in color ; heavy ; sluggish.

Lead (led), v. t. & i. [Led (lSd) ; Leading.] To
go before ; to guide ; to conduct ; to surpass. —
n. Guidance ; direction. — Lead'er, ji. — Lead'-
er-ship, n. Office of a leader ; guidance.

Leaf (lef ), n. ; pi. Leaves (levz). A breathing or-
gan of a plant, growing from its
stem ; thin flat object ; sheet ;
plate. — v. i. [Leafed (left) ;
Leafing.] To shoot out or pro-
duce leaves. — Leaf'y (lef^), a.
Full of leaves. — Leaf 'i-ness, ».

— Leaf ' less, a. Destitute of
leaves. — Leaflet, n. Little leaf.

League (leg), n. Combination of
parties ; national contract or com-
pact ; alliance ; combination. —
?•. i. [Leagued ( legd ) ; Lea-
guing.] To unite in a league ; to
confederate.

League (lei:)* n. A measure of dis-
tance, being, in England and the
I'nited States, three geograph-
ical miles.

Leak (lek), n. A crack or hole that admits water,
or permits fluid to escape ; entrance or escape

Leaf,
o B 1 a d e ; ;>
Petiole, Foot-
stalk,or Lcaf-
Ktalk; si
Stipules.

of water through an aperture. — v. i. [Leaked
(lekt) ; Leaking.] To let water, etc., in or out.

— Leak' age (iek'aj), n. A leaking; quantity
of liquor that enters or issues by leaking. —
Leak'y (-y), a. Permitting water, etc., to leak
in or out; incapable of holding secrets; tat-
tling ; not close. — Leak'i-ness, n.

Lean (len), v. i. & t. [Leaned (lend), sometime*
Leant (lgnt) ; Leaning.] To incline ; to bend.

Lean (len), a. Wanting in flesh or fat ; thin j
meager ; gaunt. — n. Muscle of flesh, without
fat. — Lean'ness, n.

Leap (lep), v. i. [Leaped (lept), rarely Leapt ;
Leaping.] To spring from the ground ; to
jump ; to bound ; to skip. —v. t. To pass over
by leaping. — n. Jump ; spring ; space passed
by leaping. — Leap'frog' (lep^rogO, n. A boys'
game in which one jumps over the bent shoul-
ders of others.— Leap year (yer). Bissextile;
every fourth year containing 3G6 days, giving
February 29 days.

Learn (lern), v. t. & i. [Learned (lemd) or
Learnt (lernt) ; Learning.] To acquire (infor-
mation, knowledge, skill, etc.). — Learn' er, n.

— Learn'ed (lern'ed), a. Having or exhibiting
learning ; knowing ; skillful. — Learn'ed-ly,
adv. — Learn'ing, n. Knowledge received by
instruction or study, or acquired by experience
or observation ; skill in anything, good or bad ;
erudition ; lore ; scholarship.

Lease (les), v. t. [Leased (lest) ; Leasing.] To
grant temporary possession of (lands, tenements,
or hereditaments) to another, for rent ; to let -r
to hold under a lease ; to take a lease of. — n. A
letting of lands, etc., to another for hire ; a con-
tract for such letting. — Lease'hold' (les'hold'),
a. Held by lease. — n. Tenure held by lease.

Leash (lesh), n. Thong for holding hawks, hounds,
etc. ; a thong of leather ; a brace and a half ;
three creatures of any kind ; three, in general.

— v. t. [Leashed (lesht) ; Leashing.] To bind;
to hold by a string.

Least (lest), a. Smallest. — adv. In the smallest

or lowest degree.
Leath'er (le'th'er), n. Skin of an animal ^dressed

and prepared for use. — Leath'ern ( em), a.

Made of leather — Leath'er-y(-er-jf), a. Like

leather ; tough. — Leath'er-liack7 (-b5k), n.

A large Atlantic turtle, having no bony shell on

its back.

Leatherbaok.

Leave (lev), ??. Liberty granted; permission,
license ; formal parting of friends; farewell.

a, 5; i, o, u, long ; &, g, i, 5, u, y, short ; seu&te, event, Idea, 6bey, dnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

LEAVE

237

LEGUME

Leave (lev), v. t. [Left (15ft) ; Leaving.] To
withdraw or depart from ; to forsake ; to aban-
don ; to have remaining at death ; to give by
will ; to bequeath ; to intrust ; to allow ; to de-
sist from. — v. i. To cease ; to desist.

Leave (lev), v. i. To send out leaves ; to leaf.

Leav'en (leV'n), n. Mass of sour dough, to fer-
ment other dough and make it light ; whatever
makes a general, especially a corrupting, change
in the mass. — v. t. [Leavened (-'nd) ; Leav-
ening.] To excite fermentation in ; to taint ;
to imbue.

LeaVingS (lev'Tngs), n. pi. Things left; rem-
nant ; refuse ; offal.

Lech'er (lgch'er), n. One given to lewdness. —
V. i. To indulge lust. — Lech'er-OuS (-us), a.
Lustful .- lewd. — Lech'er- ous-ly. adv. — Lech'-
er-ous-ness, n. — Lech'er-y (->-), «• Indul-
gence of lust.

Lec'tion (lgk'slvun), n. A reading. — Lec'tion-a-
IV (-a-r^), n. Book of lections, to be read in
church service.

Lec'ture (lgk'tur), n. A reading ; discourse on
any subject, esp. for instruction ; magisterial
reprimand ; formal reproof. — v. t. & i. [Lec-
tured (lek'turd) : Lecturing.] To instruct by
discourses ; to reprove. — Lec'tUT-er, n. — Lec'-
turn (lgk'tum), Lec'tern, Let'tern (lgt'tern),
n. A reading desk.

Led. imp. & p. p. of Lead.

Ledge (lgj), n. A shelf; ridge
of rocks ; a stratum ; a small
molding.

Ledg'er(l§jrer),n. Merchant's
principal book of accounts.

Lee (le), n. ; pi. Lees (lez).
Coarser parts of liquor, which
settle at the bottom ; sedi-
ment ; dregs.

Lee (le), n. Place defended
from the wind ; shelter ; quar-
ter towards which the wind
blows, as opposed to that
from which it proceeds — a.
Pertaining to the side away
from the wind. — Lee shore.
Shore on the lee side of a ship.

— Lee tide. Tide running in the same direction
as the wind blows. — Lee'ward (le'werd or lu'-
erd), a. Pertaining .to the side toward which
the wind blows. — n. The lee. — adv. Towards
the lee. — Lee'way' (le'wa'), n. Lateral move-
ment of a ship to the leeward of her course ;
drift.

Leech (lech), n. A physician ;
aquatic sucking worm, used
for abstraction of blood. — v.
t. [Leeched (lecht) ; Leech-
ing.] To treat medicinally ;
to bleed by use of leeches.

Leech (lech), n. A border or
edge of a sail.

Leek (lek), n. A plant having
a cylindrical body of succu-
lent eatable leaves.

Leer (ler), n. Distortion of the
face ; indirect glance, con-
veying sinister suggestion.

— v. i. [Leered ( lerd ) ;
Leering.] To look oblique-
ly, in contempt, defiance, or sly allurement

Lecturn.

Leek.

Lee'ward, Lee/way/. See under Lee, sheltered
place.

Left (ISft), imp. & p. p. of Leave.

Left (left), a. In the direction, or on the side,
opposed to the right of the body. — n. The
side opposite to the right. — Left'-hand' (lgff-
hand'), a. Situated on the left ; nearer the left
hand than the right. — Left'-hand'ed, a. Hav-
ing the left hand or arm more strong and dex-
terous than the right ; clumsy ; awkward ; un-
lucky ; insincere ; malicious.

Leg (leg), n. Limb of an animal supporting the
body ; support on which any object rests.

Leg'a-cy (lSg'a-sy), n. Gift by will ; bequest.

Le'gal (le'gal), a. According to, or permitted
by, law ; lawful ; legitimate ; authorized. — Le'-
gal-ly, adv. — Le'gal-ize (-Iz), V. t. To make
lawful; to authorize.— Le-gal'i-ty (le-gal'T-ty),
n. Conformity to law.

Leg'ate (leg'at), n. Envoy; the pope's ambas-
sador to a foreign state. — Leg'a-tee' (-a-te/), n.
One to whom a legacy is bequeathed. — I'Leg'a-
tor' (-t6r'), 72. One who bequeaths a legacy;
testator. — Le-ga'tion (le-ga'shiin), n. The
commissioning one person to act for another ; a
legate and the persons associated in his mission ;
official residence of a diplomatic minister at a
foreign court.

Leg'end ( lej'Snd or le'jend ), n. A chronicle ;
story ; esp., one of a marvelous nature ; in-
scription ; motto. — Leg'end-a-ry (lgj'en-da-ry),
a. Consisting of legends ; fabulous ; exagger-
ated. — n. A narrative; a narrator.

Leg'er (lSj'er), a. Light ; unimportant ; trifling.
\_Obs.] — Leger line.- Line added above or be-
low the musical staff to extend its compass. —
Leg'er-de-main' (-de-man'), n. Juggler's trick ;
sleight of hand.

Leg'gin (lgg'gtn), Leg'ging (-gTng), n. A cover
for the leg ; long gaiter.

Leg'i-ble (lgj'T-b'l), a. Capable of being read,
or of being understood by apparent indications.

— Leg'i-bly, adv. — Leg'i-ble-ness, Leg'i-bil'-
i-ty (-bll'I-ty), n.

Le'gion (le'jun), n. A body of foot soldiers ; a mil-
itary force ; a great number ; a multitude. — Le7-
gion-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Relating to legions ; very
numerous. — n. One of a legion.

Leg'is-late (lgj'Ts-lat), v. i. To make or enact
laws.— Leg'is-la'tor (-la'ter), n. — Leg'is-la'-
tive (-tlv), a. Giving laws ; pertaining to the
enacting of laws ; done by enacting. — Leg'is-
lative-ly, adv. — Leg'iS-la'tion (-la'shun), n.
A legislating. — Leg'is-la'ture (lgj'Ts-la^tuT),
n. Body of men invested with power to make
and repeal laws. — Le'gist (le/glst), n. One
skilled in the laws.

Le-git'i-mate (le-jTt'T-mat), a. According with
law ; lawfully begotten ; genuine ; real.

— Le-git'i-mate (-mat), Le-git'i-mize

(-miz), v . t. To make lawful ; to legal-
ize. — Le-git'i-mate-ly (-mat-ly), adv.

— Le-git'i-mate-ness, Le -git ' i - ma-cy
(-nja-sy), n. — Le-git i-ma'tion (-ma'-
shun), n. A rendering legitimate. —
Le-git'i-mist (-mi st), /». Supporter of
lawful authority or hereditary rights.

Leg'ume (leg'um or lt-gSm*), »• Pod
of a plant, splitting into two pieces or
valves, and having the seed attached Legum*
at one suture ; pi. fruit of plants of

fgra, recent, orb, r^ide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, 150, sing, ink, then, thin.

LEGUMINOUS

238

LEVEL

Lemming.

the tree producing it. —
i. Lemon juice mixed with

the Pea kind; pulse. — Le-gll'mi-nous (le-gu'-
mT-nus), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of,
pulse ; bearing legumes.

Lei'sure (le'zhur), n. Freedom from occupation ;
vacant time ; opportunity ; convenience ; ease.
— a. Unoccupied. — Lei'SUre-ly, a. Exhibit-
ing, or employing, leisure ; deliberate ; slow. —
adv. Slowly.

Lem/ma (lem'ma), n. ; pi. L. Lemmata (-ma-ta) ;
E. Lemmas (-maz). An auxiliary proposition
assumed for use in demonstrating some other
proposition.

Lem/ming (lgm'mTng), n. An emigrating, bur-
rowing animal of
the Rat family
found in northern
Europe.

Lem/on ( lgm'Qn ),
n. Roundish fruit
resembling the
orange, and con-
taining acid pulp ;
Lemonade' (-ad'), r,
water and sweetened.

Le'mur (le'mur), n. A nocturnal mammal allied
to the monkeys.

Lend (lend), v. t. [Lent (16nt) ; Lending.] To
grant on condition of receiving the thing back
again or its equivalent ; to loan. — Lend'er, n.

Length (lgngth), n. Extent from end to end ;
longest measure of any object. — Length'y
( length ' y ), a. Somewhat long ; prolix. —
Length'en (lgngth''n), v. t. To extend in
length; to make longer; to elongate; to pro-
tract. — v. i. To grow longer. — Length'wise'
(-wiz'), adv. In the direction of the length.

Le'ni-ent (le'ni-ent or len'yent), a. Softening ;
mitigating ; mild ; clement ; merciful. — n.
Medicine which softens or assuages. — Le'ni-
ent-ly, adv. — Le'ni-ence (le'm-ens or len'-
yens), Le/ni-en-cy (le'ni-en-sy or len'yen-s^),
Len'i-ty (lgu'T-ty), n. Mildness; gentleness;
clemency. — Len'i-tive (-tTv), a. Easing ; soft-
ening ; emollient. — n. Medicine for easing
pain ; laxative ; palliative.

Lens (ISnz), n. Glass having its opposite surfaces
curved for changing the di-
rection of rays of light, and
thus magnifying objects, or
otherwise modifying vision.

ffi^r'Of spherical lenses,
there are six varieties, as
shown in section in the fig-
ures, viz., a plano-concave ;
b double-concave ; c plano-
convex ; d double-convex :
e meniscus ; / concavo-con-
vex.

Lent (lent), imp. & p. p. of
Lend.

Lent (lent), n. Fast of forty Lenses,

days, from Ash Wednesday
till Easter, commemorative of the fast of our
Savior. — Lent'en (Ignfn), a. Pertaining to,
or used in, Lent ; plain ; not abundant.

Len-tic'U-lar (lgn-tTk'u-ler), a. Resembling a
lentil, or of the form of a double convex lens.

Lentil (len'tTl), n. A small leguminous weed,
and its seed, sometimes used for food.

Le'o nine (le'$-nln), a. Belonging to, or resem-
bling, a lion.

Leop'ard (lep'erd), n. Spotted, carnivorous mam-
mal of the Cat kind, found in India and Africa.

Lep'er (lgp'er), n. One affected with leprosy.

Lep'0-rine (lgp'o-rin or -rin), a. Pertaining to,
or resembling, the hare.

Lep'ro-sy (lgp'ro-sy), n. Cutaneous disease char-
acterized by scaly spots, and sometimes by de-
struction of the bones and joints. — Lep'rous
(-rvis), a. Infected with leprosy. — Lep'rous-
ness, n.

Le'sion (le'zhun), n. Hurt ; injury ; morbid
change in the functions or texture of organs.

Less (les) , a. Smaller ; not so large or great. —
adv. Not so much ; in a smaller degree. — n.
A smaller portion ; the inferior ; the younger.

— Less'er (-er), a. Less ; smaller ; inferior.
Less'en (les"n), v. t. &i. To diminish; to re-
duce ; to decrease.

Les-see' (les-se'), n. One who holds a lease, or
who takes an estate by lease.

Less'en, v., Less'er, a. See under Less, a.

Les'SOn (lgs's'n), n. Portion of a book to be read
or learned ; lecture ; a reproof ; a rebuke. —
v. t. To teach ; to instruct.

Les'SOr (lgs'sor or les-s6r'), n. One who leases,
or gives a lease.

Lest (lgst), conj. That not ; for fear that.

Let (let), v. t. [Let (Letted, 065.) ; Letting.]
To give leave ; to permit ; to allow ; to lease. —
Let'ter, n.

Let (ISt), v. L To retard; to impede. — n. Hin-
drance ; obstacle ; delay. — Let'ter, n. — Let'-
Up' (lSt'up/), n. Abatement ; cessation ; rest.

Le'thal (le'thal), a. Deadly ; mortal ; fatal.

Leth'ar-gy (lgth'ar-jy), n. Sleepiness ; dullness ;
inattention. —Le-thar'gic ( le-thar 'jTk ), Le-
thar'glc-al (-jT-kal), a. Given to lethargy ; pre-
ternaturally inclined to sleep ; drowsy.

Le'the (le'the), n. Fabled river of hell, causing
forgetfulness to those who drank of its waters ;
oblivion. — Le-the'an (le-the'on), a. Inducing
forgetfulness. — Le-thif'er-ons (-thTf 'er-us), a.
Deadly ; mortal ; bringing death or destruc-
tion.

Let'ter, n. See under Let.

Let'ter (lgt'ter), n. A mark or character, repre-
senting a sound, in writing or printing ; written
or printed communication ; epistle ; exact mean-
ing ; pi. learning ; erudition. — v. t. [Lettered
(-terd) ; Lettering.] To impress or form let-
ters on. — Let'ter-press' (-prSsO, n. Print;
reading matter.

Let'tuce (lgt'tTs), n. A composite plant, bearing
leaves used as salad.

Le'vant (le'vant), a. Rising ; having risen from
rest.

Le-vant' (le-vXnt'), n. Countries of the eastern
part of the Mediterranean Bea.-V.ii To run
away ; to decamp. — Le-vant'er, 11. Strong east-
erly wind in the Mediterranean. — Le-vant'ine
(le-vant'Tn or lgv'frnt-Tn), a. Pertaining to the
Levant, —n. An inhabitant of the Levant; a
kind of silk cloth.

LeVee (lgv'e ; often lSv-e' in U. £.), n. A morn-
ing assembly of visitors.

LeVee (lgv'e), n. Embankment to prevent inun-
dation. — v. t. To restrain (a river) within its
channel, by levees.

Lev'el(leVSl), a. Even; flat; smooth; horizontal.

— v. t. & i. [Leveled (-61d) or Levelled;
Li.vf.i ,ino or Levelling.] To innko even ; to

6, e, i, o, ii . long , ft, e, I, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

LEVELER

239

LIE

Lever.

aim. — TO. A plane ; a flat surface ; equality ;
an instrument for rind-
ing a horizontal line.
— Lev'el-er (lev'Sl-er),
Lev'el-ler, n. — LeV-
el-ness. n.

Le'ver .(le'ver or lev^er), n
ical powers, being a
bar used to exert
pressure, or sustain
weight, at one point
of its length, by re-
ceiving a force or
power at another,
and turning at a
third on a fulcrum, or fixed point. — Lev'er-age
(-aj), n. Action of a lever ; mechanical advan-
tage gained by using a lever.

Lev'er-et (lSv^er-et), n. A young hare.

Lev'i-a-ble (lev'i-a-b'l), er. Fit to be levied.

Le-vi'a-thail (le-vl'a-thrm), n. A large aquatic an-
imal, described in Job xli. ; a whale.

Lev'i-gate (levT-gat), v. t. To rub or grind to
powder ; to make fine ; to polish. — Lev'i-ga'-
tlon (-ga'shun), to. Reduction to powder.

Le'vite (le'vit), to. One of the Hebrew tribe of
Levi ; esp., one employed in the tabernacle and
temple. — Le-vit'ic-al (le-vit'i-kol), a. Be-
longing to the Levites. — Le-vit'i-CUS (-T-kus),
to. The third book of the Old Testament.

Lev'i-ty ( lev'T-ty ), n. Lightness ; buoyancy ;
frivolity ; want of seriousness.

Lev'y (leVy), to. Act of levying or taking for
public service (troops, taxes, etc.) ; anything
taken by authority ; seizure of property to sat-
isfy judgments, or for collection of taxes ; a
collecting by execution. — r. t. [Levied (-Td) ;
Levying.] To raise ; to collect.

Lewd (lud), a. Given to unlawful indulgence of
lust ; licentious ; dissolute ; unchaste ; lascivi-
ous. — Lewd'ly, adv. — Lewd'ness, to.

Lex'i-con (leks'T-kon), to. A vocabulary or book
containing the words in a language, with defini-
tion of each ; dictionary. — Lex'ic-al (-T-kol),
Lex'i-CO-gTapb/iC (-ko-grSflk), a. Pertaining
to a lexicon or to lexicography. — Lex'i-COg'-
ra-phy (-k5g'ra-fy), to. Art, process, or prin-
ciples of composing dictionaries. — Lex'i-COg'-
ra-pher (-ter), n. Maker of a dictionary. —
Lex'i-Cul'o-gy (-kol'6-jy), n. Science of the der-
ivation and signification of words.

Ley'den Jar' (li'd'n jar'), Ley'den phi'al (fi'al).
A glass bottle for accumulating electricity.

Li'a-ble (ll'a-b'l), a. Obliged in law or equity ;
answerable ; responsible ; exposed. — Li'a-ble-
ness, Lia-bil'i-ty (-bTl'I-ty), n.

Ll'ar (li'er), n. One guilty of falsehood.

Li-ba'tion (li-ba'shun), to. An offering of wine.

Li/bel (li'bgl), n. Defamatory writing ; publislied
defamation ; satire ; written statement by the
plaintiff of his cause of action and the relief he
seeks. — v. t. [Libeled (-b81d) or Libelled ;
Libeling or Libelling.] To defame by writing ;
to proceed against by filing a libel. — Li'bel-er,
Li/bel-ler, n. — Libelant (-ant), n. One who
brings a libel or institutes a suit in an ecclesi-
astical or admiralty court. — Li/hel-OUS (-us),
Li'bel-loUS, a. Defamatory.

Lib'er-al (lTl/er-ol), a. Free; generous; boun-
tiful ; candid ; large. — n. Advocate of free-
dom from restraint, esp. in political or religious

matters ; a reformer. — LIVer-al-ly, adv. —
Lib'er-al ism (-Iz'm), n. Liberal principles;
freedom from narrowness or bigotry. — Lib'er-
al-ist, n. A liberal. — Lib' er-al'i-ty (-51'i-ty),
n. Munificence ; act of generosity ; donation ;
Catholicism ; candor ; impartiality. — Lib'er-al-
ize (lib'er-ol-iz), v. t. To render liberal ; to free
from prejudices ; to enlarge. — Lib'er-ate (-at),
v. t. To release from restraint or bondage ; to
set at liberty ; to deliver ; to free ; to release.

— Lib'er-a'tor (-a'ter), n. — Lib'er-a'tion (a'-
shiin), n. A delivering, or being delivered, from
restraint or slavery.

Lib'or-tine (ltb'er-tTn), n. A dissolute person. —
a. Licentious. — Lib'er-tin-ism (-Tz'm), n. De-
bauchery ; lewdness.

Lib'er-ty (llb'er-ty), n. Freedom; permission;
leave ; immunity.

IlLi'bra (li'bra), n. The Balance, the seventh sign
in the zodiac.

Li'bra-ry (li'bra-ry), n. A collection of books ;
an edifice or apartment for holding books. —
Li-bra'ri-an (lf-bra'rif-an), n. One in charge of
a library. — Li-bra'ri-aa-sMp (-ship), n. Office
of a librarian.

Li'brate (li'brat), v. t. & t. To balance ; to poise.

— Ll-bra'tion (lt-bra'shun), n. A balancing. —
Li'bra-tO-ry (li'bra-to-ry), a. Balancing; mov-
ing like a balance as it settles to a level.

Li-bret'tO (lT-bret'to), n. ; pi. E. Librettos (-toz),
It. Libretti (-te). Book containing the words
of an opera. — Li-bret'tist, n. Writer of a li-
bretto.

Lice (lis), n., pi. of Louse.

Li'cense (li'sens), n. Permission ; liberty ; ex-
cess of liberty ; exorbitant freedom. — v. t.
[Licensed (-senst) ; Licensing.] To permit by
grant of authority ; to authorize. — Li-cen'ti-ate
(-sSn'shT-at or -shat), n. One licensed to exer-
cise a profession. — Ll-cen'tious (-shus), a.
Using license ; unrestrained by law or morality ;
uncontrolled ; ungovernable ; wanton ; profli-
gate ; dissolute ; sensual ; immoral. — Li-ceil'-
tious-ly, adv. — Ll-cen'tious-ness, n.

Li'chen (ll'ken), n. A cellular, flowerless plant,
having no distinction of
leaf and stem, and usu-
ally of scaly, frondlike
form.

Lick (lik), v. t. [Licked
(likt) ; Licking.] To pass
the tongue over ; to lap.—
n. Stroke of the tongue, a
brush, etc. ; place where
salt is found so exposed
that cattle can lick it up.

Lick (lik), v.t. To strike
repeatedly ; to flog ; to
whip; to castigate, —n.
[Col/oq.~] — Lick'ing, n. Flogging ; castigation.

Lick'er-ish (llk'er-ish), a. Nice in choice of
food ; dainty ; tempting the appetite.

Lic'O-rice (lik'6-rTs), n. A plant having a sweet,
juicy root used in demulcent compositions and
as a remedy for coughs or colds.

Lid (lid), to. Cover of a vessel or box ; cover of
the eye ; eyelid.

Lie (II), n. See Lye.

Lie (II), n. A criminal falsehood. — v. i. [Lied
(lid) ; Lying (li'Tng).] To ntW falsehood, in-
Li'a

Lichen.
Quick stroke; slap.

tending to deceive.

'ar (li'er), n.

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

LIE

240 LIKING

Lie (H), v. i. [imp. Lay (la) ; p. p. Lain (Ian),
obs. Lien (ll'en) ; p. pr. Lying.] To be low ;
to rest horizontally ; to be situated ; to abide ;
to remain ; to lodge ; to sleep.

Lief (let), adv. Gladly ; willingly.

Liege (lej), a. Bound by feudal tenure ; subject ;
enforcing allegiance ; sovereign. — n. One who
owes allegiance ; vassal ; liegeman ; lord or su-
perior ; a sovereign. — Liege'man (lej'iuan), re.
A vassal ; a subject.

Lien (len or li'gn), n. Legal claim ; charge upon
property for satisfaction of debt.

Lieu (15), n. Place ; room ; stead.

Lieu-ten/ant (lu-ten'ant), re. Officer supplying
the place of a superior in his absence ; deputy ;
officer in the army, next below a captain, or in
the navy, next below commander. — Lieu-ten'-

an-cy (-an-sj), Lieu-ten'ant-ship, re. Office of
a lieutenant.

Lieve (;ev), a. Same as Lief.

Liie (hi), re. ; pi. Lives (livz). Existence ; vital-
ity ; time during which one lives ; manner of
living ; conduct ; spirit ; vivacity ; energy ; nar-
rative of a past life ; biographical narration. —
Liie/less (llf'les), a. Without life or spirit ;
dead ; inanimate ; torpid ; dull ; flat ; heavy. —
Liie'less-ly, adv. — Lile'less-ness, re. — Life'-
like/ (-Ilk'), a. Resembling life ; representing
accurately; vivid. — Life'blood' (-bliid'), n.
Blood necessary to life ; that which gives
strength and energy. — Life'boat' (-bot/), re.
A boat of great buoyancy, for preserving lives in
cases of shipwreck, etc. — Life'time7 (-tun'), re.
Time that life continues.

Lift (lift), v. t. [Lifted ; Lifting.] To raise ;
to elevate ; to exalt ; to elate ; to steal. — v. i.
To rise. — re. Act of raising, lifting, or rising ;
an elevator. — Lift'er, re.

Lig'a-ment (lig'a-ment), re. Anything that ties
or unites (bones, etc.); fibrous tissue; bond.
— Lig a-men'tal ( - men ' tci ), Lig'a-men'tous
(-tus), a. Composing, or of the nature of, a
ligament. — Li-ga'tion (lt-ga'shun), re. A bind-
ing ; state of being bound ; bond ; ligature. —
Lig'a-ture (llg'a-tur), re. Band ; bandage ; stiff-
ness.

Light (lit), n. Agent or force in nature by which

fire ; to kindle ; to brighten. — Light'er, re. —
Light'ness, re. — Light'en (lit/ 'n), v. t.&i. To
make or become light or bright ; to flash ; to
clear; to brighten. — Light'house (-nous'), re.
Tower sustain-
ing a brilliant
light to guide
seamen near
the coast ; bea-
con. — Light'-
ning (-ning),
re. Discharge
o f atmospher-
ic electricity. —
Lightning
bug. Firefly.
— Lightning
rod. Metallic
rod, projecting
above the high-
est point of a
building or ship
and connecting

Lighthouse.

with the ean-h or water below, to prevent dan-
ger from lightning. — Light ' some (-sum ), a.
Lighted ; bright; gay. — Light'WOOd' (-wood'),
re. Wood containing much pitch, used for
torches, kindling fires, etc.
Light (lit), a. Having little weight; not heavy;
easy to be lifted, performed, or digested ; clear
of impediments ; active ; nimble ; slight ; tri-
fling ; not dense ; inconsiderable ; moderate ;
unsteady ; unsettled ; volatile ; frivolous ; gay ;
unchaste ; loose ; sandy ; easily pulverized. —
adv. Lightly ; cheaply. — v. i. To come to by
chance ; to happen to find ; to settle ; to rest ;
to alight. — Light'ly, adv. — Light'ness, n. —
Lights, re. pi. The lungs of an animal or bird.

— Light' en (Ht/'n), v. t. To make lighter ; to
reduce in weight ; to alleviate , to cheer ; to ex-
hilarate.— Light'er (lifer), re. An open boat
or barge, used in unloading ships. — v. t. To un-
load (a ship's cargo) in lighters. — Light'er-man
(-man), re. Manager of a lighter ; boatman. —
Light'-fin'gered ( -fin/gerd ), a. Dexterous in
taking and conveying away ; thievish. — Light'—
foot/ed (-fdot'Sd), a. Nimble in running or dan-
cing. — Light'-headed (-hed'Sd), a. Disor-
dered in the head ; delirious ; heedless ; volatile.

— Light' -heart' ed (-hart/Sd), a. Free from
grief or anxiety ; cheerful ; merry. — Light'-
mind'ed, a. Unsettled ; unsteady.

Lig'ne-OUS (lTg'ne-Gs), a. Made of or like wood ;
woody. — Lig'ni-form (-nT-fSrm), a. Resem-
bling wood. — Lig'nite (-nit), w. Mineral coal
retaining the texture of the wood from which it
was formed ; brown coal.

I Lig'num-vi'tae (llg'num-vl'te), re. A tree of
tropical America, yielding a hard wood used for
wheels, blocks, etc.

Like (Ilk), a. Equal in quantity, quality, or de-
gree ; having resemblance ; similar. — re. A
counterpart ; copy ; liking ; fancy ; inclination.

— adv. In a like manner; probably. — v. t.
[Liked (llkt) ; Liking.] To be pleased with ; to
enjoy. — v. i. To be pleased ; to choose : to come
near ; to escape narrowly. — Like'ly (lik'ly), a.
Probable ; credible : pleaaing ; promising. —
adv. Probably. — Like'li-ness. ". -- Like'ness,
n. Resemblance ; similarity ; portrait. — Lik'-
lng, n. Inclination; pleasure; preference. —

a, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, C, I, o, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, dbey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

Solar Ray of Light, separated by a Prism into the seven

primary colors.
a Incident Ray of Light ,• p Prism ; cd Spectrum ;

v Violet ; i Indigo; 6 Blue ; g Green ; y Yellow ; o

Orange ; r Red.

we see ; illumination ; anything which gives
light, or renders objects distinct, as the sun, a
candle, a window, etc. ; daytime ; appearance ;
aspect. — a. Bright ; clear ; whitish ; moder-
ately colored, —v. t. To set fire to ; to ignite ;
to kindle ; to illuminate ; to show the way t<>. —
V. i. To become ignited or illuminated : t<> take

LIKELIHOOD

241

LINK

Like'll-hOOd (lik'lT-ho~6d), n. Appearance of
truth or reality ; verisimilitude. — Lik'en (-'n),
v. t. [Likened (-'nd) ; Likening.] To repre-
sent as like ; to compare. — Like'wise7 (-wiz'),
conj. In like manner ; also ; moreover ; too.

Li/lab (li'lak), n. A fragrant flowering shrub ; a
purplish color.

Lil'i-a'ceous, a. See under Lilt, n.

Lirii-pu/tian ( lTl'lT-pu'shan ), a. Very small ;
dwarfed.

Lilt (lilt), v. i. & i. To sing cheerfully. — n.
A lively song.

Lil'y (lil'y), n. A bulbous plant and its flower. —
Lil'ied (-id), a. Bearing or
embellished with lilies. —
Lil'i-a'ceous ( lTl'I-a'shus ),
a. Pertaining to, or like, lil-
ies. — Lil'y-liv'ered (-liv-
erd), a. White - li vered ;
cowardly.

Limb (lim), n. Edge or bor-
der ; extremity of the body,
as the arm or leg ; branch
of a tree. — v. t. To supply
with limbs ; to dismember ;
to tear off the limbs of. —
Limbless, a. Destitute of Liiy 0f the Valley,
limb ;.

Lim'ber ( ITra'ber ), a. Easily bent ; flexible. —
v. t. To render flexible or pliant. — Lim'ber-
ness, n.

Lim'ber (lim'ber), n. The forward part of a gun
carriage, to which the horses are attached, and
from which the gun is detached (unlimbered)
when in action. — v. t. To attach (a gun) to a
limber.

Lim'bo (lim'bo), n. Borders of hell; place of
restraint or confinement.

Lime (lim), n. The linden ; a European tree,
having yellow flowers and large cordate leaves.

Lime ( lim ), n. Birdlime, a sticky substance
spread 011 trees, etc., to catch birds, —v. t. To
smear, alio to insnare (birds), with birdlime. —
Lim'y (-y), a. Viscous; sticky.

Lime, n. A fruit allied to the lemon, but smaller,
and more intensely sour.

Lime ( lim ), n. Oxide of cal-
cium ; a cau3tic substance
(quicklime) obtained by cal-
cining limestone or shells, and
used, when slacked or wet, as
an ingredient of cement, plas-
ter, mortar, etc. — v. t. To
treat or manure with lime ;
to cement. — Lim'y ( lim'y ),
«. Containing lime. — Lim'i-

ness, n. — Lime'kiln' (lim'-
kll'), n. Kiln or furnace for
burning limestone or shells to make lime. —
Lime'Stone' (-ston'), n. A kind of stone con-
sisting largely of carbonate of lime, from which
lime is obtained. — Llme'wa'ter (-wa/ter), n.
Water impregnated with lime ; solution of lime
for medicinal use.
Lim'it (lim'Tt), n. Bound ; border ; boundary. —
v. t. [Limited ; Limiting.] To set bounds to ;
to confine within certain bounds ; to restrain or
confine the signification of ; to define exactly. —
Lim'it-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being lim-
ited. — Lim'i-ta'tion (-T-ta'shun), n. A bound-
ing or circumscribing ; restraining conditions ;

Lime.

defining circumstances ; period limited by stat-
ute after which a claimant shall not enforce his
claims by suit. — Lim'it-less, a. Having no
limits ; unbounded ; infinite.

Limn (lim), v. t. [Limned (limd); Limning
(lim'mng or lTin'Tng).] To draw or paint ; to
illuminate (books or parchments). — Lim'ner
(lim'ner ), n.

Limp (limp), v. i. [Limped (limt) ; Limping.]
To halt ; to walk lamely. — n. A halt ; act of
limping.

Limp ( limp ), a. Lacking stiffness ; flexible ;
flabby ; flimsy.

Lim'pet (lTm'pet), n. A shell fish of many kinds.

Lim'pid (iTm'pId), a. Clear ; transparent ; hicid ;

pure. — Lim-pid'i-ty (lTm-pld'T-ty), Lim'pid-
ness, 7i.

Limp'sy (limp'sy), Lim'sy (lim'zy), a. Weak ;
flexible ; rliuisy.

Lim'y, a. See under Lime, birdlime, also oxide
of calcium.

Lincb'pin' (lTnch'pYn'), n. A pin used to prevent
a wheel from sliding off the axletree.

Lin/den (lTn'den), n. A European tree, having
light yellow flowers and large cordate leaves;
in America, the basswood.

Line (lin), v. t. [Lined (lind) ; Lining.] To
cover the inner surface of ; to put inside of. —
Lin'ing, n. The covering of an inner surface.

Line (hn), n. A thread ; string ; mark ; row ;
rank ; verse in poetry ; course of conduct or
activity; mathematical dimension of lenpth
without breadth or thickness ; a series of public
conveyances (stages, cars, ships, etc.) ; bound-
ary ; contour ; feature ; a measure of length,
l-12th of an inch ; the equator. — v. t. [Lined
(lind) ; Lining.] To mark with lines ; to repeat
(poetry) line by line. — Lin'er, n. — Lin'e-ar
(lin'e-er), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of,
lines ; straight. — Lin'e-age (-aj), n. Race;
progeny ; descendants in a line from a common
progenitor. — Lin'e-al (-ol), a. Composed of
lines ; descending in direct line ; hereditary. —
Lin'e-al-ly, adv. — Lin'e-a-ment (-a-mentj, n.
Outline of a body or of the face ; feature.

Lin'en (lin'gn), n. Thread or cloth made of flax
or hemp ; underclothing. — a. Made of linen.

Ling (lTng), n. A sea fish resembling the cod.

Lin'ger (lin'ger), v. i. [Lingebed (-gerd) ; Lin-
gering.] To delay; to loiter; to hesitate; to
tarry ; to stop. — Lin'ger-er, n. — Lin'ger-ing,
a. Slow; tardy, — n. Tardiness. |ments.|

II Lin'ge-rie' (15N'zhe-re'), n. Women's linen gar-|

Lin'gO (lin'go), n. Language ; speech ; dialect.

Lin'gual (lin'gwal), a. Pertaining to the tongue.
7i. Letter ((, d, th, or n) pronounced with the
tongue. — Lin'guist (-gwist), n. One skilled in
languages. — Lin-guis'tic (ITn-gwTs'tTk), Lin-
guis'tic al (-tT-k«l), a. Relating to affinities of
languages. — Lin-guis'tics (-tlks), n. Science
of languages.

Lin'i-ment (lTn'T-ment), n. Soft ointment.

Lin'ing (lin'Tng), n. The covering of the inner
surface of anything. See Line, v. t.

Link (lTnk), n. A torch.

Link (link), n. Ring or division of a chain ; rod
or piece transmitting power from one part of a
machine to another ; constituent part of a con-
nected series ; length of one joint of Gunter's
chain, being 7.92 inches. — v. t. & i. [Linked
(lTnkt) ; Linking.] To connect.

fern, recent, orb, ryde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

LINNET

242

LITHOTOMY

Lln'net (lin'ngt), n. A European singing bird.

Lill'O-type (lin'o-tip or li'no-tip), n. A typeset-
ting machine that casts each line in one piece.

Lin'seed' (lin'sed'), n. Flaxseed.

Lin'sey-wool'sey (lTn'sy-wdol's^), a. Made of
linen and wool. — n. Cloth of such material.

Lin'stock (lin'stok), n. A cannoneer's staff, to
hold a match for bring cannon.

Lint (lint), n. Flax ; linen scraped into a soft
substance, and used for dressing wounds.

Lin'tel (lin'tel), n. A horizontal piece spanning
a door, window, or other opening.

Li/on (li'un), n. A rapacious carnivorous mammal,

Lion.

the largest of the Cat kind, found in Asia and
Africa ; an object of interest and curiosity. —
Ll'011-esS (-§s), n. Female of the lion. — Li'on-
ize (-iz), v. t. To treat as a lion, or object of
interest ; to show objects of interest to.

Lip (lip), n. Border of the mouth ; edge of any-
thing ; speech, — v. t. [Lipped (llpt) ; Lipping.]
To touch with the lips.

Liq'uid (lik'wld), a. Flowing like water ; glid-
ing smoothly or easily ; sounding agreeably to
the ear. — n. A substance whose parts change
position on the slightest pressure and retain no
definite form ; a fluid not aeriform ; a letter (J,
in, n, or r) having a smooth, flowing sound. —
Li-quid'i-ty (lT-kwid'T-ty), n. State of being
liquid. — Liq'ue-fy (lik'we-fi), v. t. & i. To
melt ; to dissolve. — Liq'ua-ble (-wa-b'l), Liq'-
Ue-fi'a-ble (-we-fl'a-b'l), a. Capable of being
melted. — Li-qua'tion (lt-kwa'shun), n. A
melting ; capacity of being melted ; process of
separating an easily fusible metal from one
more refractory. — Liq'ue-f ac'tion (lik'we-fSk'-
shiin), n. A melting or dissolving ; state of
being melted. — Li-ques'cent (lt-kwSs'sent), a.
Tending to become liquid ; inclined to melt. —
Li-ques'cen-cy (-sen-sj), n. Aptness to melt.
— liLi/queur' (le'ker'), n. An aromatic alco-
holic cordial.

Liq'ul-date (lTk'wT-dat), v. U To make cWr ;
to settle ; to adjust ; to pay. — Liq'ui-da'tion
(-da'shun), n. A liquidating; a settling and
adjusting debts.

Liq'uor (llk'er), n. A liquid or fluid substance ;
an alcoholic or spirituous fluid, distilled or fer-
mented ; a decoction, solution, or tincture.

Liq'uor-ice, n. See Licorice.

Lisp (lisp), v. i. [Lisped (ITspt) ; Lisping.] To
pronounce sibilant letters imperfectly (sounding
s like th in thin, and z as th in this) ; to speak
imperfectly ; to make feeble beginnings or im-
perfect efforts. — v. t. To pronounce with a lisp.
— n. Habit or act of lisping. — Lisp'er, n.

List (list), n. Outer edge or selvage of cloth ;
border ; boundary ; a roll or catalogue ; a little
square molding ; a fillet. — v. t. To cover with
list (cloth) ; to enroll ; to enlist ; to engage. —
v. i. To enlist.

List (list), n. A line inclosing a piece of ground ;
pi. a field inclosed for a race or combat. — v. t.
To inclose.

List (list), v. t. & i. To listen or hearken (to).

List (list), v. i. To lean or incline ; to desire ;
to choose ; to please. — n. Slant or inclination
to one side.

List/el (Hs'tSl), n. A list or fillet.

Lis'ten (lis"n), v. t. [Listened (-'nd) : Listen-
ing.] To attend closely ; to hearken ; to yield
to advice ; to obey. — Lis'ten-er, n.

List'less (llst'lgs), a. Not listening ; not attend-
ing ; heedless ; careless ; languid ; indolent. —
List'less-ly, adv. — List'less-ness, n.

Lit (lit), imp. & p. p. of Light, v.

Lit'a-ny (llt'a-n^), n. A solemn form of suppli-
cation and prayer.

Li'ter, Li'tre (le'ter), n. A metric measure of
capacity, being a cubic decimeter, of 61.022 cubic
inches, or 2.113 American or 1.76 English
pints.

Lit'er-al (lYtfer-al), a. According to the letter ;
real ; not metaphorical ; following the letter or
exact words ; expressed by letters. — Lit'er-al-
ly, adv.

Lit'er-a-ry (-a-r^), a. Pertaining to, or versed in,
letters or literature. — Lit/er-ate (-at), a. In-
structed in learning and science ; learned ; let-
tered. — n. A literary man. — IlLit'e-ra'ti
(-e-ra'ti), n. pi. Learned or literary men. —
IlLit'e-ra'tim (-tTm), adv. Letter for letter. —
Lit'er-a-ture (lifer-a-tur), n. Learning , ac-
quaintance with letters or books ; collective
body of literary productions.

Lith'arge (lith'arj), n. Lead monoxide, produced
by exposing melted lead to a current of air, and
used in making flint glass, red lead, etc., and in
glazing earthenware.

Lithe (lith), a. Easily bent ; pliant ; flexible ;
limber. — Lithe'ness, n. — Lithe'some (-sum),
a. Pliant ; limber ; nimble.

Lith'i-um (llth'T-um), n. An alkaline metal,—
the lightest solid element known.

[Lith o-frac'teur (lTth'o-frak'ter), n. An explo-
sive compound of nitroglycerin.

Lith/o-graph (llth'6-graf ), v. I. To trace on stone,
and transfer to paper by printing. — n. A print «
from a drawing on stone. — Li-thog'ra-pher
(lT-th5g'ra-fer), n. — Li-thogTa-phy (-fy), n.
Art of taking impressions from designs made
with a greasy material upon stone. — Lith/O-
graph/ic (lith/o-grSf'Tk), a. Pertaining to li-
thography; engraved upon, or printed from,
stone.

Li-thol'o-gy (H-th51'6-jy), n. Science of the char-
acteristics and classification of rocks.

Li-thot'0-my (lT-th5t'$-my), n. The cutting for
stone in the bladder. — Ll-thOt'O-Xttist (-mtst),
n. A surgeon wlio performs lithotomy.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6ru, y, short ; senate, 6 vent, Idea, obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

LITIGATE

243

LOATHFUL

Lit'i-gate (II tfi-gat), v. t. & i. To contest in law. |

— Lit'i-gant (-gant), a. Disposed to litigate ;
engaged in a lawsuit. — n. One engaged in a
lawsuit. — Lit'i-ga'tion (-ga'shuu), n. Suit at
law; judicial contest. — Li-ti'giOUS (ll-tlj'us),
a. Inclined to judicial contest ; quarrelsome ;
contentious ; disputable ; controvertible. — Li-
ti'gious-ly, adv. — Li-ti'gious-ness, n.

Lit'mus (lit'mus), n. Purple dye, obtained from
lichens, which turns blue with alkalies and red
with acids.

Li'tre, n. Same as Liter.

Lifter (lifter), n. A bed which may be carried
about with a person in it ; a bed of straw or hay
for animals ; a confused mass of objects ; rub-
bish ; confusion ; number of small animals born
at once. — v. t. To supply with litter ; to con-
fuse ; to disorder ; to give birth to (pigs, pup-
pies, etc.). —v. i. To produce a litter.

Lit'tle (lit't'l), a. [Less; Least (lest).] Small
in size or extent ; diminutive ; brief ; insignifi-
cant; slight; mean. —n. A small quantity,
space, etc. —adv. In a small quantity or de-
gree ; not much ; slightly. — Lif tle-ness, n.

Lit' to-ral (lit/to-ral), a. Belonging to a shore,
as of the sea.

Llt'ur-gy (lit'Qr-jy), n.; pi. Liturgies (-jlz).
Ritual for public worship. — Li-tur'gic (11-tfir'-
jik), Li-tur'glc-al (-jT-kal), a. Pertaining to a
liturgy, or to public prayer and worship.

Live (liv), v. i. [Lived (ITvd) ; Living.] To have
life ; to pass one's time ; to dwell ; to abide ; to
last ; to feed. — v. t. To spend (one's life) ; to
act in conformity to. — Liv'er, n. — Livelong
(HvlSng), a. Whole ; entire ; long in passing.

— Liv'ing, a. Having life ; active ; producing
action. — n. Subsistence ; support ; benefice ;
those who are alive.

Live (liv), a. Having life ; earnest ; active ; con-
taining fire ; ignited ; bright ; glowing, as color.

— Live oak. A very durable American oak,
valued for ship timber.

Lively (liv'ly), a. Brisk; active ; lifelike ; quick ;
smart ; prompt ; energetic ; blithe ; gleeful. —
adv. With strong resemblance of life. — Live'-
li-ness. n. — Live'li-hood (-H-ho6d), n. Means
of maintaining existence ; support of life ; main-
tenance.

Liv'er (liv'er), n. One who lives ; a resident ; a
dweller.

Liv'er (liv'er), n. The largest gland of the body,
which secretes the bile.

Liv'er- wort' (liv'er- wtirt7), n. A plant between
the lichens and the mosses.

LiVer-y (llv'er-J), n. ; pi. Liveries (-Iz). A de-
livering possession ; peculiar dress of an asso-
ciation, of servants, etc. ; allowance of food ;
ration, — v. t. To clothe in livery. — LiVer-y-
man (-m5n), n. ; pi. Liverymen (-mgn). One
who wears a livery, as a servant ; a freeman of
the city of London. — Livery Stable. Stable
where horses are kept for hire.

LiVld (livid), a. Black and blue ; of a lead
color ; discolored, as flesh by contusion. — Liv'-
id-ness. Li-vid'i-ty (H-vI<l1-t£), n.

Liv'ing (ltv'Ing), a. & n. See under Live, v. i.

Li'vre (le'ver ; F. le'vr'), n. A French money
of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20
sous, — not now in use.

LiX-iv'i-nm (llks-Ivl-um), n. Water impreg-
nated with alkaline salts from wood ashes. —

Lix-iv'i-al (-al), Lix-iv'i-ous (-us), a. Impreg-
nated with, consisting of, or like, alkaline salts-
from wood ashes ; resembling lye. — Lix-iv'i-
ate (-at), v. t. To subject to lixiviation ; to
leach. — Lix-ivl-a'tion (-a'shun), n. The ex-
tracting alkaline salts from ashes.
Liz'ard (llz'erd), n. A reptile usually having an
elongated body, four legs, and a long tail, but
sometimes without legs, and having a short tail.

Green Lizard.

Lla'ma (la'ma; Sp. lya'ma), n. An ungulate,
ruminating, South American mammal, allied to
the camel, but smaller, and without a hump.

Llama.

Lo (15), interj. Look ; see ; behold ; observe.

Loach (loch), n. A small brook fish, allied to
the minnow.

Load (lod), n. Burden ; that which is carried ;
weight ; quantity which one can carry ; con-
tents of a vehicle or vessel ; cargo : lading ;
particular measure for certain articles ; charge
of a firearm. — v. t. To lay a burden on ; to fur-
nish with a lading or cargo ; to weigh down ; to
encumber ; to confer in great abundance ; to
charge (a gun) with powder, etc.

Load'star' (lod'star'), Lode'star'. n. Star that
leads ; guiding star ; polestar. — Load'stone'
(-ston'), Lode'Stone/, n. Magnetic iron ore
possessing polarity like a magnetic needle.

Loal (lof ), n. ; pi. Loaves (lovz). A thick lump
or mass (of bread, sugar, cake, etc.)

Loaf (lof), v. i. [Loafed (loft) ; Loafing.] To
spend time in idleness ; to lounge , to loiter. —
Loafer, n.

Loam (lorn), n. Rich friable soil. — v. t. To
cover with loam. — Loam'y (-y)> a. Consisting
of, of the nature of, or resembling, loam.

Loan (Ion), n. A lending ; thing lent ; permis-
sion to use. — v. t. & i. [Loaned (lond) ; Loan-
ino.] To lend.

Loath (loth), a. Filled with aversion ; unwilling ;
reluctant. — Loathe ( loth ), v. t. [Loathed
(lothd) ; Loathing.] To have an extreme aver-
sion to ; to dislike greatly ; to abhor ; to detest.
— Loath'er, n. - Loath'ful (loth'ful), a. Full

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cbair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

Loathing

244

LOG HUT

of loathing ; exciting disgust ; disgusting. —
Loath ' ing, n. Abhorrence ; detestation. —
Loath'ly (-ly), Loath'SOme (-sum), a. Exciting
disgust or abhorrence ; detestable. — Loatb/-
some-ness. n.

loaves (lovz), n.,pl. of Loaf.

Lob (lob), n. A dull, sluggish person ; something
thick and heavy. — v. t. To let fall heavily or
lazily.

Lo'bate (lo'bat), Lo'ba-ted (-ba-ted), a. Consist-
ing of, or having, lobes ; lobed.

Lob'by (lob'by), n. ; pi. Lobbies
(-biz). Anteroom ; small hall or
waiting-room ; part of a hall of
legislation not appropriated to
the official use of the assembly ;
men who frequent such a place
for business with the legislators.
— v. i. [Lobbied (-bid) ; Lobby-
ing.] To solicit members of a ,
legislative body to favor particu- lj0Daie ljeaI'
lar measures. — v. t. To advocate (a bill or
measure) by influencing legislators. — Lob'by-
iSt, n.

Lobe (lob), n. Projection or division, esp. of a
roundish form. — Lobed ( lobd ), a. Having
lobes; lobate.

Lob'ster (lob'ster), n. Edible marine crustacean.

American Lobster.

Lo'cal (loHcal), a. Pertaining or limited to a spot,
place, or definite district. — Lo'cal-ly, adv. —
Lo'cal-ism (-Tz'm), n. State of being local;
local idiom or custom. — Lo-cal'i-ty (-kal'T-ty),
n. Existence in a place ; position ; situation ;
limitation to a county, district, or place. — Lo'-
cal-ize (lo'kal-Iz), v. t. To fix in, or assign or
restrict to, a definite place. — Lo'cate ( -kat ),
v. t. To place ; to set in a particular position ; to
designate the place of ; to determine the bounds
of. — Lo-ca'tion ( lo-ka'shun ), n. A placing ;
place where something is located ; tract of land
designated in place ; a marking out of the place
or site of a piece of land. — Loc'a-tive (15k'a-
tlv), r„ Indicating place.

Loch (lok), n. Scottish name for a lake, bay, or
arm of the sea.

Lock (15k), n. A tuft or tress of hair ; a flock of
wool.

Lock (18k), n. Fastening for a door, drawer,
etc. ; barrier confining water in a canal ; part
of a gun which explodes the charge ; grapple ;
gripe, — v. 1. [Locked (lokt) ; Locking.] To
fasten with a lock, or so as to impede motion ; to
confine, as with a lock ; to close fast ; to encircle
or inclose. — v. i. To become fast ; to unite
closely by mutual insertion. — Lock'er, n

Drawer or case that may be closed with a lock.
— Lock'age (lok'aj), n. Materials lor locks in
a canal ; toll paid for passing locks ; elevation
and descent made by the locks. — Lock'jaw',
Locked'-jaw' (lokt'ja'), n. Contraction of the
muscles of the jaw, suspending its motion ; tet-
anus. — Lock'OUf (lok'oitfV), n. Employer's
closing of a factory, to bring workmen to terms,
by suspending wages. — Lock'SUlith' (-smith'),
n. Maker or mender of locks. — Lock'up' (-up/),
n. Place of detention for arrested persons. —
Lock Stitch. Stitch formed by the locking of
two threads together, as in the work of some
sewing machines.

Lock'et (lok'et), n. Catch or spring to fasten a
necklace ; case worn as an ornament, often con-
taining a lock of hair, etc.

Loco-mo'tion (lo'ko-mo'sbun), n. Act or power
of moving from place to place. — Lo'CO-mo'tive
(-tiv), a. Changing place, or able to change
place ; producing motion. — n. Self-propelling
wheel carriage used to draw cars, etc.

Locomotive.
AA Boiler ; B Smoke Box ; C Chimnev i E Sand Box ;
.FCab ; G Cylinder ; OP Feed Pipe ; T Steam Chest ;
UU Parallel Rod ; VG Piston Rod ; W Asli Pan.

Lo'cust (lo'kust), n. A migratory, jumping, or-
thopterous insect, resembling the grasshopper ;
the locust tree. — Locust tree. A large North
American tree, having fragrant flowers.

Lo-CU'tion (lo-ku'shiin), n. Speech ; discourse.

Lode (lod), n. A water course ; a metallic or
other vein.

Lode'star7, n. See Loadstar. — Lode'stone7, n.
See Loadstone.

Lodge (15j), n. Shelter ; a hut ; a small house ; a
meeting place or association of a society. — v. t.
& i. [Lodged (15jd) ; Lodging.] To rest for the
night ; to place ; to settle. — Lodg'er (loj'er),
n. — Lodg'ing, n. Place of residence or rest ;
harbor ; cover — Lodgement ( - ment ), n. A
lodging ; room ; position secured and held.

Loft (loft), n. Elevation ; room or space under a
roof ; gallery. — Loft'y (loft'y), a. [Loftier ;
Loftiest.] Lifted high up ; much elevated in
position, language, or style ; exalted ; stately ;
sublime; proud; haughty. — Loft'i-ly, odr. —
Loft'i-ness, n.

Log (15g), n. A bulky piece of wood or timber ;
apparatus for measuring a ship's
motion through the water,
record of a ship's velocity ; state-
ment; tally, —v. i. [Logged
(logd) ; Logging.] To cut and
get out logs of timber, -v. t To L u UIld
record (progress made) m a ship's Glass.

log book. — Log'ger, n. Due
who gets out timber ; lumberman. — Log book.
Book for recording incidents of a ship's voyage.
— Log cabin, house, or hut. A house built

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, c, 1, 6, C, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, 6bey, ftnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

LOG LINE

245

LOOM

of logs. — Log line (log lin). A cord, graduated
by knots, attached to a ship's log.

Log'a-rithm (log'a-rTth'm), n. Auxiliary num-
ber, to abridge arithmetical calculations, by
using addition and subtraction in place of mul-
tiplication and division. — Log ' a - rith ' mic
(-rlth'mlk), Log'a-rith'mic-al (-un-kerl), a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, logarithms.

Log book, Log house, etc. See under Log, n.

Log'ger-hea&V ( log'ger-hSd' ), n. A blockhead ;
dunce ; a numskull ; a timber, in a whale-boat,
over which the line is passed, to check its speed ;
a large sea turtle.

Loggerhead.

Log'ic (15jTk), n. Science or art of exact rea-
soning. — Log'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to,
used in, or according to, the rules of logic. —
Log'ic-al-ly, adv.— Lo-gi'cian (16-jish'an), n.
One skilled in logic.

Log'roll' (log'roF), V. i. & t. To engage in, or
accomplish by, logrolling. — Log'roll' Ing, n.
The rolling felled logs to the stream which
floats them to market, — often done by mutual
assistance of several loggers ; a combination of
politicians for mutual furtherance of their re-
spective jobs in legislation, etc.

Log'WOOd' (15g'wd6d'), n. Red, heavy heartwood
of a South American tree, used medicinally and
in dyeing ; campeachy wood ; bloodwood.

Loin (loin), n. The part of an animal just above
the hip ; pi. the reins.

Loi'ter (loi'ter), v. i. [Loitered (-terd) ; Loiter-
ing.] To be slow in moving ; to linger ; to lag ;
to tarry. — Loi'ter-er, n.

Loll (151), v. i. [Lolled (151d) ; Lolling.] To
act lazily ; to lie at ease. — v. t. To thrust out
(the tongue).

Lol'li-pop (1511T-pop), n. Sugar confectionery.

Lo'ment (lament), n. An elongated pod of a
plant, divided
transversely
into cells,
each contain-
ing a seed.

Lone (Ion), a. Having no company; solitary;
single ; unmarried, or in widowhood. — Lone'ly
(lon'ly), a. [Lonelier; Loneliest.] Seques-
tered from company ; retired ; secluded. —
Loneli-ness, n. — Lone'some (Ion' sum), a.
Secluded from society ; depressed by solitude.
— Lone/some-ly, adv. — Lone'some-ness, n.

Loment.

Long (long), a. [Longer ( Ion ' ger ) ; Longest
j (-gSst).] Drawn out; protracted; extended;
distant ; tedious. — adv. To, at, or through, a
i great extent or duration. — v. i. [Longed
I (15ngd) ; Longing.] To desire earnestly or ea-
gerly. — Long'ing, n. Earnest desire ; eager
l wish ; craving. — Long'ish, a. Rather long. —
Longtoat, n. The largest boat carried by a nier-
I chant vessel. — Long'lived' (-livd'), a. Having
a long life ; lasting long. — Long'ways' (-waz'),
Long'wise7 (-wiz'), adv. Lengthwise. — Long
measure. A measure of length ; lineal measure.
— Long primer. A size of type between small

O^p^This is long primer type.

pica and bourgeois in size. — Long'-drawn'
(-dran' ), a. Extended to great length. — Long'—
head ed (-hSd'ed), a. Having great foresight or
sagacity. — Long'-head ed-ness, n. — Long'-
sight ed (-suVed), a. Able to see objects at a
great distance ; farseeing ; sagacious. — Long'—
sight/ed-ness, n. — Long'-stop7 (-stop7)* n. A
cricket player set to stop balls winch pass the
wicket keeper. — Long'-suf'fer-ing (-suffer-
ing), a. Bearing injuries or provocation for a
long time; patient; not easily provoked, —n.
Long endurance of offense. — Long'-tongued'
(-tungd'), a. Having a long tongue ; loqua-
cious ; babbling. — Long'-Wind'ed (-wind'gd),
a. Long in speaking ; tedious.
Longe (lunj), n. A lunge ; a thrust.
Lon-gev'i-ty (15n-jev'T-ty), n. Length of life.
Lon'gi-tude (lon'jT-tud), n. Length ; measure
along the longest line ; portion of the equator
between the meridian of a given place, and that

| of another place from which longitude is reck-
oned. — Lon'gi-tu'di-nal (lon'gl-tu'dT-nal), a.
Pertaining to longitude or to length ; running

j lengthwise. — Lon/gi-tu'di-nal-ly, adv. In the

direction of length.
Long'shore'man (long'shor'man), n. A laborer
employed about wharves, esp. in loading and
unloading vessels.
Loo^lob), n. A game at cards. — v. t. [Looed
(lood) ; Looing.] To beat, by winning every
trick at the game.
Look (look), r. i. [Looked (lookt) ; Looking.]
To behold ; to search ; to watch ; to expect ; to

I observe ; to appear ; to seem. —v. t. To influ-
ence by looks ; to express or manifest by a
look. — n. Cast of countenance ; aspect ; view ;
watch. — Look'er, n. — Look'out' (ldok'out/),
n. A careful looking for any object or event ;
place from
which observa-
tion is made ;

I one engaged in
watching. —
L o o k ' i n g-

, glass7 (-glas/),

1 n. A mirror.
Loom (loom), v.
A machine for
weaving thread
into cloth ; the
part of an oar

[ between blade

I and handle. Loom.

LoomHooni .
[Loomed (lobmd) ; Looming.] To appear above

I the surface, as a distant object, ship at sea, etc. ;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, smg, ink, then, tuin.

LOON

246

LOWLY

to rise ; to be eminent. — n. State of looming ;
unnatural, indistinct appearance of size or ele-
vation of anything seen obscurely, at sea, etc.

Loon (loon), n. A sorry fellow ; rogue ; rascal.

Loon (loon), n. A swimming and diving sea bird.

Loop (loop), n. Fold or doubling of a string ;
noose ; staple ; eye ; curve. — v. t. [Looped
(loopt) ; Looping.] To make a loop of or in;
to fasten with a loop. — Loop'er, n. An instru-
ment for forming loops ; a bodkin ; a caterpil-
lar. — Loop'hole7 (lobp'hol7), n. An opening in
the walls of a fortification, ship, etc., for firing
at an enemy ; an aperture ; a means of escape.

Loose (loos), a. Unbound ; untied ; free from
obligation ; not tight, crowded, close, or com-
pact ; not precise or exact ; vague ; not strict
or rigid ; dissolute ; wanton ; unchaste. — v. t.
[Loosed (lobst) ; Loosing.] To unbind ; to free ;
to relieve ; to remit ; to absolve ; to undo ; to
unfasten. — v. i. To set sail ; to leave port. —
Loose'ly, adv.— Loose' ness, n. — Loos' en
(loos''n), v. t. [Loosened (-'nd) ; Loosening.]
To make loose ; to free from tightness, fixed-
ness, restraint, etc. ; to render less dense or
compact, — v. i. To become loose.

Loot (loot), n. A plundering ; sack ; plunder. — ■
v. t. & i. To plunder.

Lop (lop), v. t. [Lopped (lopt) ; Lopping.] To
cut off (the top of anything) ; to let fall. — v. i.
To fall or hang downward, —n. That which is
cut off, or which lops or falls over. — Lop'-
eaiebV (-erd'), a. Having ears that hang down.
— Lop'sid'ed (-sid'ed), a. Leaning to one side ;
unbalanced.

Lo-qua'cious (16-kwa'shus), a. Given to contin-
ual talking ; garrulous ; apt to blab. — Lo-qua'-
cious-ly, adv. — Lo-qua'cious-ness, Lo-quac'i-
ty (-kwaVY-t?), n.

Lord (lord), n. A superior; master; ruler; an
English nobleman of rank above a baronet ; a
husband ; the Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; the
Savior ; Christ. — v. i. To play the lord ; to
domineer. — Lord'ly (16rd1y), a. Becoming a
lord ; stately ; haughty ; imperious ; domineer-
ing ; insolent. — Lord'li-ness, n. — Lordling,
». A little or petty lord. — Lord'sMp, n. State
or quality of being a lord ; title applied to a
lord ; territory over which a lord holds juris-
diction ; power ; authority.

Lore (lor), n. Erudition -t knowledge ; learning ;

wisdom ; counsel.
HLor'gnette' (F. lor'nyat' ; E. 16rn-ySt'), n. An
opera glass.

Lor'i-cate (15rT-kat), v. t. To plate over ; to
cover with a coating or crust. — Lor'i-cate
(-kilt), n. Covered with a shell or hard exterior.

— Lor'l-Ca'tion (-ka'shiin), n. A loricating ;
a surface covered with plates like mail.

Lorn (16rn), a. Lost ; forsaken ; lonely.

Lose (looz), v. t. [Lost (ISst) ; Losing (lobz'Tng).]
To suffer the loss of ; to forfeit ; to be deprived
of ; to employ ineffectually ; to waste ; to squan-
der ; to wander from ; to miss ; to ruin ; to de-
stroy ; to fail to obtain. — v. i. To forfeit any-
thing in contest ; to suffer loss by comparison.

— Los'er (looz'er), n. — LOSS (15s), n. Act of
losing; failure; destruction; privation; detri-
ment ; damage ; disadvantage. — Lost (15st), a.
Parted from unwillingly ; missing; forfeited in
an unsuccessful contest ; no longer possessed ;
wasted; squandered; bewildered; perplexed;

Lotus.

ruined physically or morally ; not perceptible
to the senses ; not visible.

Lot (lot), n. That which happens without design
or forethought ; chance ; fortune ; portion ;
share ; part ; quantity ; portion of land. — v. t.
To allot ; to share.

Lote (lot), n. A European hard-wooded tree,
bearing a cherry-like fruit.

Loth (loth), a. Hating ; unwilling ; reluctant.

Lo'tion (lo'shun), n. A washing, esp. of the skin
to render it fair ; liquid preparation for washing ;
healing application.

Lot'ter-y (lot'ter-y), n. A distribution of prizes
by lot or chance.

Lot/to (lot'to), n. A game of chance, played with
numbered cards.

Lo'tUS (lo'tus), n. An Egyptian aquatic plant,
like the water lily ;
a shrub of Northern
Africa, fabled to
make strangers who
ate of it forget their
native country ; the
lote, or nettle tree ;
a leguminous plant,
resembling clover.

Loud (loud), a. Mak-
ing a great sound ;
boisterous; impress-
ive ; turbulent ; ve-
hement. — adv. With loudness ; loudly. —
Loud'ly, adv. — Loud'ness, n.

Lough (lok), n. A loch ; lake.

Lounge (lounj), v. i. [Lounged (lounjd) ; Loun-
ging (loun'jing).] To spend time lazily ; to
recline at ease ; to loll. — n. An idle stroll ; a
place for lounging ; couch ; sofa.— Lotin'ger, n.

Louse (lous), n. ; pi. Lice (lis). Wingless parasitic
insect, sticking the blood of men and beasts. —
Lous'y (louz'y), a. Infested with lice. — Lous'-
i-ness, n.

Lout (lout), n. A clownish, awkward fellow ; a
bumpkin. — Lout/ish (lout'Ysh), a. Rude ; awk-
ward.

Lov'a-ble, a. See under Love, n.

Lov'age (luv'aj), n. A plant used in medicine as
an aromatic stimulant.

Love (luv), n. Warm affection ; fondness ; devo-
tion ; courtship; charity; person beloved.— v.
t. [Loved (liivd) ; Loving.] To be fond of ; to
like ; to have good will toward ; to deliglit in,
with preeminent affection. — v. i. To take
pleasure ; to be in love. — Lov'er, n. — Lov'a-
Dle (lfiv'a-b'l), a. Deserving love ; amiable.
— Lovely, a. Deserving or exciting love ;
charming ; delightful. — Love ' 11 - ness. n . —
Loveless, a. Not loving ; not loved. — Love'-
lom' (-lorn'), a. Forsaken by one's love. —
Love apple. The tomato. — Love feast. A
religious festival, held quarterly by the Mora-
vians, Methodists, etc. — Love knot. An intri-
cate knot, — used as a token of love. — Love
letter. Letter of courtship. — Love '-sick'
(-sTk'), a. Siek with love ; expressive of lan-
guishing love. — Love'-sick'ness, ». — Lov'-
ing-klnd'ness, ?>■ Tender regard ; mercy ; fa-
vor.

Low (lo), a. Deep ; not high ; humble ; cheap ;
poor; mean ; abject; vulgar; base. — adv. In a
low position, manner, voice, etc. ; cheaply ; hum-
bly ; meanly. — Low'nesS, n. — LOW'ly, adv."

a, S, I, o, u, long ; a, C, i, 5, tt, y, Bhort ; senate, Sveut, Idea, 6bey, finite, cttre, arm, ask, all, final,

LOWLINESS

247

LUMINOSITY

a. Humble ; mean ; meek. — Low'li-ness (15'-
H-nes), n. — Low'bred' (-brSd'), a. Rude ; im-
polite ; vulgar. — Low'land (-land), n. Low or
level country; — opp. to highland. — - Low'-
Church/, a. Placing little value on ecclesiastical
organizations or forms ; evangelical. — Low'-
llved' (15'livd'), a. Mean ; dishonorable ; con-
temptible. — Low'-mind'ed ( 15'mind'ed ), a.
Inclined to low things ; showing a base mind. —
Low'-necked' ( - nekt' ), a. Cut low in the
neck ; de"collet6 ; — said of women's dresses. —
LOW'-pres'SUre, a. Having, employing, or ex-
erting, a low degree of pressure, esp. of less than
50 pounds per square inch. — Low'-spir'it-ed,
a. Deficient in animation or courage ; dejected ;
depressed.

Low (15), v. i. [Lowed (lod) ; Lowing.] To bel-
low as an ox or a cow. — n. The noise made by
bovine animals.

LOW'er (lo^er), a., compar. of Low, a. — v. t. & i.
[Lowered (-erd) ; Lowering.] To make or be-
come lower ; to let down ; to sink. — Low'er-
most', a. Lowest. — Low'er-case' (-kaV), a.
Pertaining to, or kept in, the lower case ; —
used to denote small letters in printers' type,
as distinguished from capitals.

LOW'er (lou'er), v. i. To be dark and gloomy ;
to threaten a storm ; to frown ; to look sullen.

— Low'er-y (-er-y), a. Cloudy; gloomy.
Low'lng, n. See under Low, v. i.
Low'land, Lowly, Low' -pros' sure, etc. See

under Low, a.
Loy'al (loi'orl), a. Faithful to the lawful govern-
ment, to a lover, or a friend. — Loy'al-ly, adv.

— Loy'al-ist, n. One who adheres to his sov-
ereign or country, esp. in times of trouble. —
Loy'al-ty (-ty), n. Fidelity to a superior, duty,
love, etc.

Loz'enge (ISz'gnj), n. A rhomb
a figure with four equal sides,
having two acute and two obtuse
angles ; a small cake of sugar, Lozenge,
etc. , often medicated or flavored.

Lub'ber ( lub'ber ), n. A heavy, clumsy fellow ;
a clown. — Lub'ber-ly (-ly), a. Clumsy ; gawky.

Lu'bri-cate (lu'bn-kat), v. t. To make smooth
or slippery. — LuTwri-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. —
LuT)ri-cant, a. Lubricating. — n. That which
lubricates ; a substance (oil, grease, plumbago,
etc.) used to reduce friction in machinery. —
Lu bri-ca'tion (- ka ' shun), n. A making slip-
pery. — Lu-bric'i-ty (lu-brTs'T-ty), n. Slipperi-
ness ; freedom from friction ; instability ; las-
civiousness ; lewdness. — Lu'brl-COUS (lu'bri-
kus), a. Smooth ; slip-
pery; unstable.

Lu'cent (lu'sent), a. Shin-
iiii.r ; bright.

Lu'cern (lu'sern), n. A fod-
der plant, resembling clo-
ver ; alfalfa.

Lu'cid (lu'sld), a. Shin-
ing ; transparent ; clear ;
distinct ; sane ; reason-
able. — Lu'cid-ly, adv.

— Lu'cid-ness, Lu-cid'-
i-ty (-uldl-ty), n.

Lu'ci-fer ( lu ' si - f er ), n.
The planet Venus, when
the morning star ; Sa-
tan ; a match made of

iO

wood tipped with combustible matter ignited by
friction.

Luck (luk), n. Chance ; fate ; fortune. — Luck'y
(luk'y), a. [Luckier (-T-er) ; Luckiest.] Fa-
vored by luck ; fortunate ; prosperous ; aus-
picious. — Luck'i-ly, adv. — Luck'i-ness, n. —
Luck'less, a. Without luck ; hapless ; meeting
with ill success. .

LU'cr© (lu'ker), n. Cain; profit. — Lu'cra-tive
(-kra-tiv), a. Gainful ; profitable.

Lu'CU-brate (lu'ku-brat), v. i. To study by can-
dlelight. — Lu'CU-bra'tion (-bra'shun), n. A
studying, or that which is composed, by night.

Lu'CU-lent (lu'ku-lent), a. Lucid ; clear ; evi-
dent.

Lu'di-crous (lu'di-krus), a. Adapted to raise
laughter ; comic ; droll ; ridiculous. — Lu'di-
crous-ly, adv. — Lu'di-crous-ness, n.

Luff (luf ), n. Side of a ship toward the wind. —
v. i. [Luffed (luft) ; Luffing.] To turn the
head of a ship toward the wind ; to sail nearer
the wind.

Lug (lug), n. The ear ; earlike projection ; han-
dle ; loop. — v. t. [Lugged (lugd) ; Lugging.]
To pull ; to drag ; to convey with labor. —
Lug'gage (lug'gaj), n. Anything lugged or
heavy to carry ; a traveler's trunks, baggage,
etc. — Lug'ger, n. A small two- or three-masted
vessel carrying a
running bowsprit
and 1 u g s a i 1 s. —
Lug'sail/ (-sal'), n.
Square sail bent up-
on a yard that hangs
obliquely to the mast
and is raised with
the sail.

Lu-gu'bri-ous (lu-
gu'brT-us), a. Dole-
ful; mournful.

Luke' warm' (luk'-
warm'), a. Moder-
ately warm ; not ar-
dent; indifferent. Lugger.

— Luke 'warm' ly,

adv. — Luke'warm'ness, n.

Lull (lul), v. t. [Lulled (luld) ; Lulling.] To
soothe to rest ; to compose ; to quiet. — v. i. To
become gradually calm ; to subside. — n. Power
of soothing ; season of quiet after storm. — Lull'-
a-by (lQl'a-bl), n. Song to quiet a babe or lull
it to sleep.

Lum'bar (lutn'ber), a. Pertaining to, or near, the
loins. — Lum-ba'gO ( -ba'go ), n. Rheumatic
pain in the loins and small of the back. — Lum-
bag'1-nous (-bXj'T-nus), a. Of or pertaining to
lumbago.

Lum'ber (lum'ber), n. Things useless and cum-
brous, or thrown aside as of no use; timber
sawed for use. — v. t. [Lumbered (-berd) ;
Lumbering.] To heap together in disorder ; to>
fill with lumber ; to clutter. — v. i. To move
heavily ; to rumble ; to cut lumber for market.

— Lum'ber-er, Lum'ber-man (-man), n. One
employed in getting lumber from the forest. —
Lum'ber-ing, a. Moving heavily ; clumsy. —
n. A procuring lumber or timber. — Lumber
room. A room for storing useless things.

Lu'ml-nOUS (lu'nn-nus), a. Shining ; emitting
light ; clear ; lucid. — Lu'mi-nOUS-ly, adv. —
Lu'mi-nous-ness, Lu'ml-nos'1-ty (-u5s'i-ty), n.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

LUMINARY

248

LYNCH

— Lu'mi-na-ry (lu'ini-na-r^), n. A body that
gives light.

Lump (lump), n. Shapeless mass of matter. — v. t.
[Lumped (llinipt) ; Lumping.] To throw into a
mass ; to take in the gross ; to speak of collect-
ively. — Lump'y (lump'^), a. Full of lumps. —
Lump'ish, a. Like a lump ; bulky ; gross ; dull ;
inactive ; stupid. — Lump'ish-ness, n.

Lu;nar (lu'ner), a. Pertaining to, like, or meas-
ured by revolutions of, the moon. — Lu'nate,
(-nat), Lu'na-ted (-na-ted), a. Shaped like a
half moon ; crescent-shaped. — Lu'na-tic (,-tik),
a. Affected by lunacy ; insane ; mad. — n. An
insane person. — Lu'na-cy (-na-sy), n. Insan-
ity ; derangement ; craziness ; mania. — Lu-
lia'tlon (-na'shun), n. Revolution of the moon
around the earth.

Lunch (lunch), n. Slight repast between break-
fast and dinner ; luncheon. — v. i. [Lunched
(luncht) ; Lunching.] To take a lunch. —
Lunch/eon (lunch'un), n. Food taken at any
time except at a regular meal.

Lune (luu), n. Tiling in the shape of a half moon ;
a crescent. — Lu-nette' (lu-nef), n. A detached
bastion ; aperture for light in a concave ceiling.

Lung (lung), n. One of the two organs of respira-
tion in an air-breathing animal.

Lungs and Heart of Man Been from in front.

The lungs are 6hown turned away from the middle
line, with the pericardium and fat removed to show the
heart and great blood vessels, a a Upper and Lower
Lobes of Left Lung ; b b b Upper, Middle, and Lower
Lobes of Right Lung; c Windpipe or Trachea, divid-
ing below into Bronchi going to Right and Left Lung ;
d Right Auricle ; e Right Ventricle ;/ Left Auricle ; g
Left ventricle : h i Superior and Inferior Vena Cava ;
k Arch of Aorta ; 1 Descending Aorta ; m Pulmonary
Artery ; « Left Pulmonary Artery, Vein, and Bron-
chus ; o Right Pulmonary Artery, Vein, and Bronchus.

Lunge (lunj), n. A sudden push or thrust. — v. i.

To thrust.
Lu'plne (lu'pTn), n. A leguminous plant, having

edible seeds. — a. Wolfish ; ravenous.
Lurch (lurch), n. Sudden roll of a ship to one

side. — v. i. [Lurched (ltircht) ; Lurching.]

To roll ; to sway.
Lurch (lflrch), v. i. To withdraw to one side ; to

lie in ambush ; to lurk ; to dodge. — Lurch'er,

n. One that lies in wait ; a dog that hunts

game silently and by scent.
Lure (lur), n. An enticement ; decoy, —v. i. & t.

[Lured (lurd) ; Luring.] To entice ; to attract.
Lu'rid (lu'rld), a. Ghastly pale ; gloomy ; dis-
mal ; wan.
Lurk(lQrk), v. i. [Lurked (lfirkt) ; Lurking.]

To lie hid or in wait ; to keep out of sight.
Lus'ClOUS (liish'us), a. Sweet or rich so as to

cloy ; fulsome. — Lus'cious-ly, adv. — LUS'-
cious-ness, n.

Lush (lush), a. Full of juice or succulence.

Lust (lust), n. Longing desire ; eagerness to en*
joy ; carnal appetite, —v. i. To desire eagerly ;
to long ; to have inordinate desires. — Lust'ful
(liist'ful ), a. Sensual; carnal; licentious;
lewd ; lecherous. — Lust'ful-ly, adv. — Lust'-
lUl-ness, «. — Lust'y (-y), a. Exhibiting lust
or vigor ; stout ; robust. — Lust'i-ly (lust'i-ly),
adv. — LusVi-ness, n.

Lus'ter (hls'ter), Lus'tre, n. Brightness; bril-
liancy ; splendor ; distinction ; ornamental can-
dlestick, chandelier, etc. — Lus'tTOUS (-trus),
a. Bright ; shining.

Lus'tral (lus'tral), a. Used in, or pertaining to,
purification. — Lus-tra'tion (-tra'shun), n. A
purifying.

Lus'tring (lus'tring), n. Glossy silk cloth.

Lus'tTOUS, a. See under Luster, n.

Lus'trum (lus'trum), n. The space of five years.

Lustry, a. See under Lust, n.

Lute (lut), n. A stringed musical instrument, of
the guitar kind.

Lute (lut), n. Composition of
clay, etc., for sealing joints
or coating bodies exposed to
great heat. — v. t. To close
or coat with lute.

Lu'ther-an (lu'ther-an), a. Per-
taining to Martin Luther, the
reformer, or the church body I
founded by him. — n. Follower
of Luther. Lute.

Lu'thern (lu'thern), n. Win-
dow over the cornice, in the roof of a building ;
a dormer.

Lux'ate (lfiks'at), v. t. To put out of joint ; to dis-
locate. — Lux-a'tion (-a'shiin), n. Dislocation.

Lux'U-ry (luk'shu-ry), n. ; Luxuries (-iiz). In-
dulgence in eating, dress, or other gratification
Of taste and sense ; epicurism ; sensuality ;
dainty ; delicacy ; gratification. — Lux-U'ri-ant
(lugz-u'rT-ant or luks-u'n-ont), a. Exuberant
in growth ; profusely abundant. — Lux-U'ri-
ant-ly, adv. — Lux-u'ri-ance (-ons), Lux-u'ri-
an-cy (-an-sjf), n. — Lux-u'ri-ate ( -at ), v. i.
To grow exuberantly, or to superfluous abun-
dance ; to live luxuriously ; to indulge to excess ;
to delight greatly. — Lux-U'ri-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. A luxuriating or growing exuberantly. —
Lux-u/ri-OUS (-us), a. Given or administering
to luxury ; furnished with luxuries ; softening
by pleasure. — Lux-U'ri-OUS-ly, adv. — Lux-U'-
rl-ous-ness, n.

Ly-ce'um (li-se'um), n. ; pi. E. Lyceums (-Quiz),
L. Lycea (-a). The place in Athens where Aris-
totle taught philosophy ; a place for instruction
by lectures ; a high school ; a seminary ; an as-
sociation for literary improvement.

Lye (li), n. A solution of alkaline salt from wood
ashes.

Lymph (limf), n. Water; a pure, transparent
fluid like water ; an alkaline colorless fluid in
animal bodies. — Lym-phat'lc (lTm-f5t'Tk), a.
Pertaining to, containing, or conv lying lymph.
— v. An absorbent vessel for conveying lymph
and discharging it into the veins.

Lynch (lTnch), v. t. [Lynched (lTncht) ; Lynch-
ing.] To punish, esp. to hang, without the
forms of law.

t», e, i, o, u, long , &, e, i, 5, tt, y , short ; Beu&te, 6 vent, tdea, Obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

LYNX

249

MADEMOISELLE

Lynx (links), re. A nocturnal, carnivorous, cat-

like animal, having a short tail, and usually a

pencil of hair on the tip of the ears. — Lynx'-
eyedV (links'Id'), a. Having acute sight.
Lyre (lir), re. A stringed instrument of music;
a constellation. — Lyre bird. An _
Australian bird, the male of which >.
has long tail feathers arranged like
a lyre.-Lyr'ic (llr'Tk), Lyr'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Pertaining to a lyre
or harp ; fitted to be sung to the
lyre ; appropriate for song. — Lyr'-
ic, re. A lyric poem ; song ; verse
of the kind usually employed in
lyric poetry. — Lyr'ism, w. Per-
formance on the lyre or harp. —
Lyi'ist, re. A musician who plays on the lyre ;
a writer of lyric poetry.

M.

M (em). In printing, a quadrat, the face of which
is a square (as was formerly the letter m) and
used as the unit of measuring the amount of
type in printed work.
Ma (ma), 11. Mother ; — abbreviation of mamma.
Ma'am (mam or m5m), re. Madam; — contrac-
tion of madam.
Mac-ad'am-ize (niak-5d'am-iz), v. t. To cover
(a road) with broken stones, forming a smooth
surface.
Mac'a-ro'ni ( rnSk'a-ro'nl ), n. ; pi. Macaronis
(-niz), or Macaronies. A food preparation of
wheat paste made into long, slender tubes ;
a fop ; a beau ; an exquisite. — Mac'a-ron'ic
(-ron'Tk), a. Pertaining to, or like, a macaroni ;
vain ; affected ; made by addition of Latin ter-
minations to words or roots of a modern lan-
guage. — re. Confused mixture ; jumble.
Ma-caw' (nia-ka'), re. Large South American
parrot.
Mac'ca-boy (mak'ka-
boi], Mac 'co -boy
(-ko-boi), re. Rose-
flavored snuff.
Mace (mas), re. Small
Chinese weight and
money.
Mace (mas), re. Club
anciently used as a
weapon ; staff as an
ensign of authority.
Mace (mas), re. Spice from the coat

of the nutmeg.

Mac'er-ate (m5s'er-at), v. t. To

soften and separate the parts of by

steeping, as in a fluid, or by the

digestive process. — Mac'er-a'tion

(-a'shQn), re. Act of macerating.

Ma-che'te (ma-cha'ta), re. A large

knife like a broadsword, used in

Spanish America.

Machine' (ma-shen'), re. Engine ;

mechanism used to transmit and

modify force and motion, as a lever,

pulley, wedge, etc. ; instrument or

organization by which power is

made effective. — Ma-chin'er-y

Macaw (-&c-f)in- Machines in general, or

collectively ; the working parts of a

machine ; means by which anything is kept in
action. — Ma-Chin'ist (-Tst), re. Constructor of
machines and engines. — Mach'i-nate (mak'T-
nat), v. t. To plan ; to form (a plot or scheme).

— Mach/i-na'tion(-na'shun), re. A contriving;
a scheme ; an artful design ; a plot ; a hostile or
treacherous scheme. — Mach'i-na'tor, re.

Mack'er-el (mak'er-el), re. An Atlantic food fish.
— Mackerel Sky. Sky flecked with small white
clouds.

Mack'in-tosh (m5k'Tn-tosh), re. A waterproof
outer garment.

Mac'ro-cosm (mak ' ro - koz ' m), re. The great
world ; the universe ; — opposed to microcosm,,
the little world constituted by man.

Ma-crom/e-ter (ma-krom'e-ter), re. Instrument
for measuring inaccessible objects by reflectors.

||Mac'U-la (inaVu-la), re. ; pi. Macule (-15). A
spot (on the skin, sun, etc.). — Mac' U- late
(-lat), v. t. To spot ; to stain ; to blur. — Mac'-
U-la'tion (-la'shiin), re. A spotting ; blemish ;
stain. — Mac'Ule (-ul), v. t. To maculate. — re.
Spot; blur.

Mad (m5d), a. [Madder ; Maddest.] Disor-
dered in intellect ; crazy ; insane ; excited by-
great fear, pain, rage, etc. ; enraged ; angry.

— r. /. To make mad, furious, or angry. —
Mad'ly, adv. — Mad'ness, re. — Mad'den, v. t.
& i. [Maddened ( -d'nd ) ; Maddening.] To-
make or become mad. — Mad'cap' (-kSp/), a.
Inclined to wild sports ; reckless. — re. Excit-
able, rash, or violent person. — Mad'house'
(-housO, re. An insane asylum. — Mad'man
(-man), re. A crazy person ; a lunatic.

Mad'am (mSd'am), re. A gentlewoman; — form
of address to a matron. — I1 Ma-dame' (ma-dam'),
re. My lady ; — French title for a married
lady.

Mad'cap. Mad'den. See under Mad, a.

Mad'der (mSd'der), re. A plant whose root is used
in dyeing red.

Made, imp. & p. p. of Make, v. I.

Mad'e-ty (mSd'e-fi), v. t. [Madefied ; Madefy-
ing.] To make wet ; to moisten.

Ma-del'ra (ma-de'ra; Pg. ma-da'e-ra), re. Wine
of the Isle of Madeira.

Ma de-moi selle' (ma'd'mwa'zal'), re. ; pi. Mes-
demoiselles ( ma7- ). Young woman ; miss ;
girl ; — used esp. in address.

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, fooJ, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MADHOUSE

250

MAIDENHOOD

Madrepore of Florida.
End of a Branch.

Mad'house' (mSd'hous'), Mad'ly, Mad/man,
Mad'ness. See under Mad, a.

Ma-don'na (ma-don'na), n. [It., my lady.] The
Virgin Mary, or her picture.

Mad're-pore (niad're-por), n. A kind of reef
coral, usually branched
like shrubs.

Mad'ri-gal (mad'ri-gal),
n. A httle amorous
poem ; a song in four or
more parts.

Maei'Strom (mal'strum),
n. A whirlpool on the
coast of Norway ; an
irresistible attraction.

Ma-es'tro (ma-as'tro),
n. Master in any art,
esp. in music ; a com-
poser.

Mag a-zine^maya-zen'),
n. Warehouse ; store-
house for military stores ; room containing pow-
der in a fort or ship ; chamber in a gun, con-
taining cartridges to be discharged one by one ;
repository ; pamphlet periodically published,
containing miscellaneous compositions.

Ma-gen'ta (nia-jen'ta), n. A red color ; an aniline
dye of this color.

Mag'got (mag'gut), n. Larval form of a fly;
grub; worm. — Mag'got-y (-y), a. Infested
with maggots ; full of whims ; capricious.

UMa'gi (ma'jl), n. pi. Holy men or sages of the
East. — Ma'gi-an ( -jT-an ), a. Pertaining to
the Magi, a sect of philosophers in Persia. — n.
One of the Magi ; a Zoroastrian priest.

Kag'ic (mSj'Tk), n. General name for pretended
supernatural arts ; incantation ; sorcery ; witch-
craft ; necromancy ; conjuration ; enchantment.

— Mag'iC, Mag'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Relating to,
or proceeding from, occult and superhuman
agencies ; imposing or startling in performance.

— Mag'ic-al-ly, adv. — Ma-gi'cian (ma-jTsh'-
an), n. One skilled in magic ; an enchanter ;
a sorcerer.

Mag'is-te'ri-al (maj'Ts-te'rT-fll), a. Pertaining to
a master ; authoritative ; august ; pompous ;
lofty ; imperious ; haughty ; domineering ; des-
potic ; dogmatical ; arrogant. — Mag'iS-te'ri-al-
ly, adv. — Mag'is-teTi-al-ness, n.

Mag'is-trate (mayts-trat), n. A public civil offi-
cer; a justice of the peace. — Mag'is-tra-cy
(-tra-sy), n. Office of a magistrate ; the collec-
tive body of magistrates.

UMag'na Char'ta (mSg'na kar'ta). The Great
Charter obtained by the English barons from
King John, A. D. 1215 ; a fundamental consti-
tution which guarantees rights and privileges.

Mag-nan'i-mous (m5g-ni£n'i-mus), a. Great of
mind ; above what is low, mean, or ungener-
ous ; liberal and honorable. — Mag'na-niltt'i-ty
(-na-nTmT-ty), n. — Mag nail'i-mous-ly, adv.

Mag'nate (mSg'nat), n. A noble ; grandee ; per-
son of distinction.

Mag-ne/si-a (mag-ne'zhi-a or -shT-a), n. A light
earthy substance, used medicinally as a mild ant-
acid laxative. — Mag-ne'sian (-zhan or -shan),
a. Pertaining to, containing, or resembling
magnesia. — Mag-ne'si-um (-zhT-Qrn or -shl-
fim), n. The indecomposable metallic base of
magnesia, which burns with an intense white
light.

Mag'net ( mag ' net ), n. Loadstone ; iron ore,
which attracts iron, and, when freely suspended,
points to the pole ; bar of steel or iron to which
properties of the loadstone have been imparted.
— Mag-net'ic (-net'Tk), Mag-net'ic-al (-i-kai),
a. Pertaining to, or having the properties of, the
magnet ; attractive. — Mag-net'ic-al-ly, adv. —
Mag-net'ic-al-ness, «. — Mag-net'ics, n. Sci-
ence of magnetism. — Mag'net-ism (-Tz'm), n.
Property or state of being magnetic ; science of
magnetic phenomena ; power of attraction or
of exciting the feelings and gaining the affec-
tions. — Mag'net-ist, ft. One versed in mag-
netics, — Mag'net-ize (-iz), v. t. & i. To give
or receive magnetic properties ; to attract. —
Mag'net-i/zer, n.

Mag'ni-fi/a-ble (m£g'ni-fi'a-b'l), a. Capable or
worthy of being magnified.

Mag-Dif'ic (mag-mflk), a. Grand ; magnificent.

Mag-nif/i-cent (mag-nif'T-sent\ a. On a grand
scale ; imposing ; splendid. — Mag-nif'i-cent-ly,
adv. — Mag-nif'i-cence (-sens), ra.

Mag'ni-fy (mag'nT-fi), v. t. [Magnified (-fid);
Magnifying.] To make great or greater ; to
enlarge ; to augment ; to exaggerate ; to extol ;
to praise. — v. i. To increase the apparent di-
mensions of objects. — Mag'ni-fi'er (-fi'er), ft.

Mag-nil'0-<iuen.t (mag-nil'6-kwent), a. Speaking
loftily or pompously ; bombastic. — Mag-nil'O-
quence (-kwens), n.

Mag'nl-tUde (mag'nT-tud), ft. Extent of dimen-
sions or parts ; bulk ; size ; importance.

Mag-nr/U-a (mag-no'lT-a), n. An American and
Asiatic tree having aromatic bark and large fra-
grant flowers.

Mag'pie (rnag'pl), n. A bird resembling the jay,
some species of which may be taught to speak.

Magpie.

Mag'uey (mag'wa ; Sp. ma-ga'e), n. The century
plant.

Mag'yar (mag'yar ; Hung. mod'yoV), a. & n.
Hungarian.

Ma-hog'a-ny (iua-hog'a-n^), n. A South Ameri-
can tree, and its hard wood, of reddish-brown
color, and susceptible of a fine polish.

Ma-hom'ed-an (ma-h5m'Sd-<xn), etc. See Mo-
hammedan.

||Ma-hOUt' (ma-hoof), ft. The driver of an ele-
phant.

Maid (mad), ft. An unmarried woman ; a virgin ;
a female servant. — Maid'en (mad"n), ft. A
maid. —a. Fresh ; new ; pure ; virgin. — Mald'-
en-ly, o. Becoming in a maid ; gentle ; modest.
— Maid'en-hair/ (-hSr'), ft. An American fern,
having slender, graceful stalks, and sometimes
used in medicine. — Maid ' en - head (-h5d),
Maid'en-hOOd (-hdod), ft. State of being a maid

5, e, I, o, u, long ; a, fi, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, e vent, tdea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

MAIDSERVANT

251

MALICIOUS

or virgin ; freshness ; uncontarainated state. —
Maid'serv'ant (mad'serv'ant), n. Female serv-
ant.

Mail (mal), n. Flexible fabric of steel rings or
plates ; armor ; defensive covering. — v. t.
[Mailed (maid) ; Mailing.] To arm or defend
with mail.

Mall (mal), n. A bag ; a pouch for holding letters
and papers ; the contents of such a bag ; a per-
son or conveyance transporting the mail. — v. t.
[Mailed (maid) ; Mailing.] To send (letters,
etc.) through the mail or post office ; to post. —
Mail'a-ble (mal'a-b'l), a. Proper to be trans-
mitted by mail.

Malm (mam), v. t. [Maimed (mamd) ; Maiming.]
To mutilate ; to cripple ; to disable. — n. Pri-
vation of the use of a limb or member of the
body ; mutilation ; injury.

Malll (man), «. Strength; force; chief or principal
part ; the great sea ; a continent ; a principal duct
or pipe, as distinguished from lesser ones. — a.
Principal; chief ; leading ; cardinal; capital. —
Main'ly, adv. — Main deck. Deck next below
the spar deck ; principal deck of a ship. — Maln'-
land (manland'), n. The continent ; princi-
pal land ; — opposed to island. — Maln'mast'
(-mast'), n. Principal mast in a ship or other
vessel. — Maln'sall' (man' sal' ; among seamen
man's'l), n. Principal sail of a vessel. — Main'-
Spring' (-spring), n. Most important spring of
a watch or other piece of mechanism , efficient
cause ; most powerful motive. — Maln'stay'
(-sta'),n. Ship's stay, extending from the foot
of the foremast to the maintop ; main support ;
principal dependence. — Main/top' (-tSp7), n.
Platform at the head of a mainmast.

Main-tain' (man-tan'), v. t. [Maintained (man-
tand') ; Maintaining.] To hold or keep ; to
keep possession of ; to defend ; to supply with
what is needed ; to support by assertion or argu-
ment ; to vindicate ; to allege. — v. i. To affirm
a position ; to assert. — Main-tain' 6T, n. —
Main'te-nance (man'te-
nans), n. A maintaining;
support ; vindication;
means of sustenance ; offi-
cious intermeddling in a
legal cause depending be-
tween others.

Maize (maz), n. A large
American grass, cultivated
as a forage and food plant ;
Indian corn.

Maj'es-ty ( mSj'Ss-ty ), n. ;
pi. Majesties (-tiz). Gran-
deur ; exalted dignity ; ti-
tle of a king or queen, an
emperor or empress. —
Ma-Jes'tic (ma-jeVtTk), a.
Possessing majesty ; au-
gust ; grand ; sublime ;
imperial ; regal; royal ;
stately ; lofty ; elevated.
— Ma-Jes'tic-al-ly, adv.
Ma-jes'tic-al-ness, n.

Ma-jol'i-ca (ma-jol'T-ka), n.
Fine pottery with painted
figures.

Ma'jor (ma'jer), a. Greater

in number, quantity, or extent ; elder. — n. A
military officer next in rank above a captain ;

Maize.

a person of full age ; a premise in logic which
contains the major term. — Ma'jor-do/mo (-do/-
m6), n. One empowered to act as master of the
house ; steward. — Major general. Military
officer ranking above a brigadier general and be-
low lieutenant general. — Ma-jor'i-ty (ma-j5r'-
T-tjf ), n. The greater number ; more than half ;
full legal age ; rank of a major.
Make (mak), v. t. [Made (mad) ; Making.] To
create ; to produce ; to bring about ; to effect ;
to constitute ; to compel ; to force ; to form ;
to become ; to reach ; to arrive at ; to come near.

— v. i. To tend ; to proceed ; to contribute ;
to increase ; to accrue. — n. Structure ; tex-
ture ; construction ; shape ; form. — Mak'er,
n. — Make'-be-lieve/ (inak'be-lev'), n. A mere
pretense ; fiction ; invention. — a. Feigned ;
insincere. — Make'-up7 (-up7), n. Way in which
the parts of a tiling are put together ; costume
of an actor ; get-up. — Make'shlft' (-shift/), n.
A temporary expedient. — Make'W eight'
(-waf), n. That which is thrown into a scale
to make weight; something added to fill a de-
ficiency.

Mal'a-cnlte (mal'a-kit), n. Native carbonate of
copper.

Mal'a-COl'0-gy (mal'a-kol'6-jy), n. Science of
mollusks.

Mal' ad-min is-tra'tlon (mal'Sd-inin'Ts-tra'shiin),
n. Faulty administration ; bad management of
business.

Mal'a-droit' (maVa-droif), a. Clumsy; awk-
ward ; unskillful.

Mal'a-dy (m21'a-dy), n. ; pi. Maladies (-dlz).
Sickness or disease ; ailment ; illness.
Ma'lalse' (ina/laz'), n. Indefinite feeling of un-
easiness or of being sick.

Mal'a-pert (m51'a-pert), a. Bold ; saucy ; pert.

Mal-ap'ro-pos' (nial-ayro-po7), a. & adv. Un-
seasonable or unseasonably ; unsuitable or un-
suitably.

Ma-la'ri-a (ma-la'ri-a), n. Air tainted by dele-
terious emanations ; miasma ; morbid condition
caused by exhalations, giving rise to fever and
ague, etc. — Ma-la'ri-al (-«l), Ma-la'ri-ous
(-us), a. Pertaining to, or infected by, malaria.

Mal'con-tent' ( niai'kon-tent' ), MaTcon-tent'ed
(-tSnt'Sd), a. Discontented; uneasy. — ?j. One
discontented, esp. with the government.

Male (mal), a. Pertaining to the sex that begets
young; masculine, —n. Animal of the male
sex ; plant bearing only staminate flowers.

Mal'a-gas'y (mal'a-gaVy), n. A native of Mada-
gascar ; the language of Madagascar.

Mal'e-dlc'tion (mal'e-dlk'shun), n. Denuncia-
tion of evil ; curse ; imprecation ; execration.

Mal'e-fac'tor (mSl'e-fak'ter), n. One *guilty of
crime ; a criminal ; a culprit ; felon ; convict.

Ma-lev'0-lent (ma-lev'6-lent), a. Wishing evil ;
ill-disposed ; evil-minded : spiteful ; malicious ;
malignant. — Ma-lev'o-lent-ly, adv. — Ma-
lev'o-lence (-lens), n.

Mal-fea'sance (m51-fe'zans), n. Evil conduct;
illegal deed.

Mal/for-ma'tlon(m51'for-ma'shun), n. Irregular
formation or structure of parts.

Mal'ice (maTTs), n. Disposition to injure others ;
spite ; ill will ; bitterness , malignity ; rancor.

— Ma-li'cions (ma-lTsh'us), a. Indulging, ex-
ercising, or proceeding from, hatred or malice ;
ill-disposed ; malevolent ; invidious ; spiteful ;

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, uxn, .00 J, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, sing, ink, then*

MALICIOUSLY

252

MANDATE

bitter ; malignant ; rancorous. — Ma-li'ciOUS-ly
(ma-lTsh'ils-ly), adv. — Ma-li'Ci0US-ness, n.

Ma-lign' (mr-lin'), a. Having evil disposition to-
ward others ; malignant ; pernicious ; tending
to injure. — v. t. [Maligned (-lind') ; Malign-
ing.] To speak evil of ; to traduce ; to vilify. —
Malignly, adv. — Ma-lign'er, n. — Ma-lig'-
nant (-lig'ncmt), a. Malicious ; heinous ; viru-
lent ; tending to cause death. — n. One of evil
intentions. — Ma-lig'nant-ly, adv. — Ma-lig'-
nan-cy (-nan-sy), Ma-lig'ni-ty (-nT-ty), n.
Malice ; rancor ; animosity ; deadly quality.

Ma-lin/ger (ma - lTn ' ger), v. i. [Malingered
(-gerd) ; Malingering.] To feign illness or in-
ability in order to avoid duty ; to shirk. — Ma-
lin'ger-er, n.

Mal'i-son (mal'i-z'n), n. Malediction ; curse ;
execration.

Mall (mal), n. A heavy wooden beetle ; maul ;
game played with mallets {malls) and balls ; a
place where this game is played ; a shaded walk.
— v. t. [Malled (maid) ; Malling.] To beat
with a mall.

Mal'lard (mal'lerd), n. A drake ; a large Amer-
ican and European wild duck ; the greenhead.

Mallard.

Malle-a-Dle (mSlle-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
drawn out and extended by beating or pressure.

- Mal'le-a-ble-ness, Malle-a-bil'1-ty (-bil'I-
ty), n.

Mallet (mSl'lgt), n. A wooden hammer.

Mal'low (mSllS), Mal'lows (-I6z), n. A plant
having mucilaginous qualities.

Malm'sey (mam'zjf),n. Sweet grape from Crete,
etc, and wine made from it.

Mal prac'tlce (inSl-praVtis), n. Evil practice ;
immoral conduct ; professional misconduct of a
physician.

Malt (malt), n. Grain, steeped in water till it
germinates, and dried in a kiln, thus evolving
a saccharine principle. It is used in brewing. —
a. Relating to, containing, or made with, malt.
—v. t. To make into malt. — v. i. To become
malt.— Malt'man (malt'man), Malt'ster (-ster),
n. A maker of malt.

Mal-tese' (mal-tez' or -tes'), a. Pertaining to
Malta, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. — ?).
An inhabitant, or the people, of Malta. —Mal-
tese cat. Mouse-colored variety of the domes-
tic cat.

Maltreat' (mXl-tret'), V. t. To treat ill; to abuse.

— Mal-treat'ment (-meat), v. Ill usage ; abuse.

Mal'ver-sa'tlon (mal'ver-sa'shun), n. Evil con-
duct ; corruption or extortion in office.

Mam-ma' (ma-ma' or ma'uia), n. Mother ; —
a word used by young children.

Mam'ma (mSm'ma), n. ; pi. Mammae (mSm'me).
Glandular organ secreting milk ; breast ; udder ;
bag. — Mam'mal (-mal), n. An animal of the
highest class of vertebrates, in which the female
suckles its young.— !!Mam-ma'li-a (-ma'lT-a), n.
pi. Class of animals, comprehending the mam-
mals.— Mam'ma-ry (-ma-ry), a. Pertaining
to the breasts or paps. — Mam'mi-fer (-mT-fer),
n. A mammal. — Mam-mif/er-OUS (-mif'er-
us), a. Nourishing the young by milk secreted
by the breasts. — Mam'mil-la-ry (mam'mil-la-
ry), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, paps.

Mam/mon (mam'mun), n. Riches ; wealth ; the
god of riches.

Mam/mOth (mam'moth), n. An extinct elephant,
of enormous size. — a. Very large ; huge.

Man (man), n. ; pi. Men (men). The human
race; a human being; an adult male person;
male servant; husband; piece with which a
game is played. — v. t. [Manned (mand) ;
Manning.] To supply with men ; to furnish
with strength; to fortify. — Man'ful (man'ful),
a. Bold; brave ; resolute ; noble. — Man'ful-ly,
adv. — Man'ful-ness, n. — Man'hole7 (-hoi'),
n. A hole through which a man may enter a
drain, boiler, etc. — Man'hood (-hood), n. State
of being a man ; courage ; bravery. — Man'ly
(-ly), a. Becoming a man ; not childish or wo-
manish ; brave ; resolute. — adv. In a manly
manner. — Man'li-ness, n. — Man'like' (-lik'),
a. Like a man in form, nature, character, etc.
— Man' kind' (maVkind'), n. Human race ;
male portion of the human race. — Man'nish,
a. Resembling a human being ; manlike ; mas-
culine.

Man'a-Cle (man'a-k'l), n. Handcuff; shackle.—
v. t. [Manacled (-k'ld) ; Manacling (-kllng).]
To shackle.

Man'age (mSn'aj), v. t. [Managed (-ajd) ; Man-
aging (-a-jing).] To direct ; to control ; to
order ; to contrive ; to conduct ; to transact. —
v. i. To direct or conduct affairs. — Man'a-ger,
n. — Man'age-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
managed ; tractable ; docile. — Man'age-a-ble-
ness, n. — Man'age-ment (-moat), n. Act of
managing ; conduct ; administration ; govern-
ment ; direction ; guidance ; care ; intrigue.

Man'a-tee' (mSn'a-te'), n. The sea cow, found in
tropical seas, and hunted for its oil and flesh.

liMan-da'mns (man-da'inus), n. Writ issued by
a superior court, commanding the performance
of some specified duty.

Man'da-rin' (man'da-ren'), n. A Chinese public
officer ; a small kind of orange.

Man'date (mXn'dat), n. Official or authoritative

a, e

e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, ftbey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MANDATARY

253

MANSARD ROOF

Mandrill.

command. — Man'da-ta-ry (man'da-ti-r^), n.
One to whom a command or charge is given. —
Man'da-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Containing a com-
mand. — n. Mandatary.

Man'di-ble (inan'dT-b'l), n. A jaw ; the lower
jaw. — Man-dib'u-lar (-dTt/u-ler), a. Belong-
ing to, or resembling, the jaw, or mandible.

Man' drake (inan'drak), n. A narcotic plant of
Mediterranean countries ; the May apple.

Man'drel (mSn'drel), n. A bar of metal holding
work in position in a lathe.

Man' drill (man'drTl), n. A large West African
baboon, having
large naked
swellings beside
the nose, striped
with blue and
red.

Mane (man), n.
Long hair on the
neck of the
horse, lion, etc.

Ma - nege ' (ma-
nazh'), n. Art
o f horseman-
ship ; school for
teaching horse-
manship, and for training horses.

HMa'nes (ma'uez),_7i. pi. Souls of the departed.

Ma-nen'ver (ma-noo'-. er), Ma-noen'vre, n. Man-
agement ; dexterous movement ; evolution
among military or naval bodies ; intrigue ; strat-
agem. — v. i. & t. [Maneuvered (-verd) or
Man(euvred ; Maneuvering (-ver-Tng) or Man-
csuvring (-vring).] To manage with address or
art ; to change position. — Ma-neu'ver-er (-ver-
er), Ma-noeu'vrer (-vrer), n.

Man'ful, Man'ful-ly, etc. See under Man, n.

Man'ga-nese' (niaVga-nes'), n. A chemical ele-
ment, very difficult to fuse, but easily oxidized.

Mange (manj), n. Scab or itch in cattle, dogs,
etc. — Man'gy (man'jy), a. Infected with
mange ; scabby. — Man'gi-ness, n.

Man'gel-wur zel (man'g'l-wuVz'l), n. A large
field beet, used as feed for cattle.

Man'ger (man'jer), n. A trough to hold fodder
for horses and cattle, in a stable.

Man'gi-ness. n. See under Mange, n.

Man'gle (man'g'l), v. t. [Mangled (-g'ld) ; Man-
gling (-gling).] To cut bunghngly ; to hack ;
to mutilate. — Man'gler, n.

Man'gle (mSn'g'l), n. Machine for smoothing
linen or cotton cloth by roller pressure. — v. i.
To smooth by a mangle. — Man'gler (-gler), n.

Man'gO (mSn'go), n.
Fruit of the mango
tree, often pickled;
green muskmelon
pickled. — Mango
tree. An East Indian
tree, akin to the sumac.

Man'grove (mSn'grov),
n. A tropical tree, root-
ing in muddy shores.

Man ' gy, a. See under
Mange, n.

Man'hOOd, n. See under
Man, n.

Ma'ni-a (ma'nT-a), n.
Violent derangement
of mind ; insanity ; madness ; delirium ; frenzy

iwmmDmmi

Manifold.

Mangrove

inordinate fondness. — Ma'ni-ac (ma'ni-5k), a.
Raving ; mad. — n. Madman. — Ma-ni'ac-al
( ma-ni'a-kal ), a. Affected with madness. —
Ma-ni'ac-al-ly, adv1

Man'i-cure (man'i-kur), n. One who cares for
people's bauds, beautifying the nails, etc.

Man'i-fest (man'i-fest), a. Clearly visible to the
eye ; obvious to the understanding ; apparent ;
evident ; plain ; obvious. — n. List or invoice of
a ship's cargo. — v. t. To disclose to the eye or
to the understanding ; to reveal ; to make known;
to display. — Man'i-fest-ly, adv. — Man'1-fes-
ta'tion (-fes-ta'sbun), n. A manifesting or dis-
closing ; exhibition ; display ; revelation. —

. Man^-fes'to (-fes'to), n. ; pi. Manifestoes
(-toz). A public declaration (of a prince, etc ),
proclaiming his opinions and motives in affairs
of state.

Man'i-fold (man'T-fold), a. Various in kind or
quality; many ; di-
verse ; complicated.

— 7i. A copy of a let-
ter, etc., made me-
chanically on several
sheets of paper at
once; a pipe having many outlets or connec-
tions with other pipes ; the third stomach of a
ruminant animal. — v. t. To double or fold in
many thicknesses ; to take many copies of (a let-
ter, etc.) by mechanical process. — Man'i-fold-
ly, adv.

Manl-kin (mSn'I-kTn), n. A little man ; dwarf ;
an artificial model exhibiting the parts of the
human body.

Ma'ni-OC ( ma'ni-ok ), n. The tropical plant from
which cassava and tapioca are prepared ; cas-
sava.

Man'i-ple (manT-p'l), n. A handful ; a small band
of soldiers ; the scarf about the arm of a Roman
Catholic priest ; a stole.

Ma-nip'n-late (ma-nTp'ii-lat), v. t. & i. To work
with the hands ; to handle. — Ma-nip'U-la'tOT,
n. — Ma-nip'U-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. A manip-
ulating ; skillful or artistic use of the hands, in
science or art.

Man-kind', Man'ly, etc. See under Man, n.

Manks, a. & n. See Manx, a. & n.

Man'na (mSn'na), n. Food miraculously fur-
nished for the Israelites in the wilderness ; di-
vinely supplied food ; sweetish secretion from
many trees, used in medicine as a laxative.

Man'ner (mSn'ner), n. Mode of action ; form ;
way ; habitual style of writing, thought, or be-
havior ; kind : method ; deportment ; fashion ;
air ; look ; appearance. — Man'ner-ism (-Tz'm),
n. Adherence to a peculiar style or manner ;
characteristic mode of action carried to excess.

— Man'ner-ist, n. One addicted to manner-
ism. — Man'ner-ly, a. Showing good manners ;
civil. — Man'ner-li-ness, n.

Man'nlsh, a. See under Man, n.

Ma-noen'vre, n. & v. See Maneuver.

Man'-of-war' (man'Bv-war')) n. A ship of war ;
a war vessel.

Man'or (man'er), n. Land belonging to a lord or
nobleman. — Manor house. House belonging
to a manor. — Ma-no/ri-al (ma-no'rl-al), a.
Pertaining to a manor.

Man'sard roof (mSn'sard roof). A hipped curb
roof, or roof having two slopes on every side,
the lower being steeper than the upper.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, nide, full, fxrn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin,

MANSE

254

MARINER

Manse ( mans ), ft. A dwelling house, with land

attached ; a parsonage.
Man'slon (mau'shun), ft. House of some size or

pretension.
Man'slaugh ter (man'sla/ter), n. Slaying of men ;

unlawful killing of a man without malice.
Man'tel (man't'i), Man'tel-piece7 (-pes'), n. Shelf

above a fireplace.
Man'tel-et (man'tel-et), ft. Small cloak worn by

women ; shield for protection of men assailing

fortifications.
Man-til'la (man-tTl'la), ft. A lady's cloak or vail

covering head and shoulders.
Man/tis (man'tls), ft. A voracious insect of slen-
der grotesque form, holding its anterior legs

like hands folded in prayer.

Man'tle ( inan't'1 ), «. A loose outer garment ;
cloak ; concealing envelope. — v. t. & i. [Man-
tled (-t'ld) ; Mantling.] To cover ; to hide ;
to disguise ; to suffuse (with blushes).

Man'tU-a (man'tu-a or man'tu), ft. A woman's
gown. — Man'tu-a-malr/er ( - mak ' er ), n. A
dressmaker.

Man'U-al (man'u-al), a. Pertaining to, per-
formed by, or made by, the hand. — ft. Small
book, conveniently handled ; handbook ; service-
book of the Roman Catholic Church ; keyboard
of an organ. — Man'U-al-ly, adv.

Man'u-fac'ture (ruah/fi-fSk'tur), ft. The oper-
ation of making wares by hand, by machinery,
etc. ; article made from raw materials. — v. t.
To make or fabricate from raw materials > to
work (raw materials) into suitable forms for
use. — v. i. To be employed in manui acture. —
Man'u-fac'tur-er, n. — Man'u-fac'to-ry (-to-
rjr), ft. Place where anything is manufactured ;
a factory.

Manumit' (man'u-mTt'), v. t. [Manumitted;
Manumitting. J To release from slavery ; to free
(a slave). — Man'U-mls'slon (-mTsh'un), ft. A
manumitting or liberating a slave from bond-
age.

Ma-nure' (ma-nur'), v. t. [Manured (-nurd') ;
Manuring.] To enrich (land) by application of
a fertilizing substance. — ft. Fertilizing sub-
stance.

Man'u-script (man'u-sknpt), a. Written with
the hand; not printed. —ft. A book or paper
written with the hand ; — often abbreviated
MS., plural MSS.

Manx (manks), a. Pertaining to the Isle of Man.
— n. Language of the Isle of Man, a Celtic
dialect.

Man'y (men'Jf), a. [More (mor) ; Most (most),
from a different root.] Numerous ; various ;
sundry. — ft. A multitude ; a great number ;
crowd. — The many. The majority. —Too
many. Too numerous ; too powerful.

Ma'O-ri (m'a'S-re), n. Aboriginal inhabitant of
New Zealand; their language. — a. Pertaining
to the Maoris.

Map (map), ft. A delineation of the earth or of a

part of it ; chart. — v. t. [Mapped (inapt) ;
Mapping.] To draw or delineate.

Ma'ple (ma'p'l), ft. A deciduous tree, of many
species and regions. — Maple honey, molasses,
or symp. Sap of the maple thickened by boil-
ing. — Maple SUgar. Sugar obtained by evap-
oration from the sap of the sugar maple.

Mar (mar), v. L [Marred (niard) ; Marring.^)
To injure by cutting or wounding ; to damage ;
to spoil ; to disfigure. — ft. A mark ; blemish ;
injury.

Mar'a-bOU' (mar'a-boo'), n. A large stork, the
African species of which furnishes plumes worn
as ornaments.

Ma-ras'mus (nia-raz'mus), ft. Wasting of flesh
without apparent disease ; atrophy ; phthisis.

Ma-raud' (ma-rad'), v. i. To rove in quest of
plunder. — Ma-raud'er, n.

Mar'ble (m'ar'b'l), n. Massive limestone, com-
pact, and susceptible of polish ; thing made of
marble ; work of art injaaarble ; little ball used
as a plaything by children. — a. Made of, or
like, marble ; white ; cold ; hard ; unfeeling. —
v. t. [Marbled (-b'ld) ; Marbling- (-bling).]
To stain or vein like marble.

March- (march), n. Third month of the year.

March (marehj, v. i. [Marched (marcht);
Marching.] To move by steps and in order ; to
walk m a deliberate^ or stately manner. — v. t.
To cause troops to march. — n. A marching ;
advance of troops ; measured and regular ad-
vance ; piece of music designed to guide the
movement of troops ; distance passed over.

March (march), n. Frontier of a territory ; bor-
der; confine.

Mar'chlon-ess (m'aVshun-es), n. The wife or
widow of a marquis. . [gram.|

Mar-co'nl-gram (mar-ko'ni-gr5m), ft. An aero-|

|| Mar'dl' gras' (mar'de' gra'). Last day of car-
nival ; Shrove Tuesday.

Mare (mSr), n. The female of the horse kind. —
Mare's-nest, n. A ludicrous impossibility.

Mar'gay (mar'ga), n. A wild cat found from
Mexico to Brazil.

Mar'gin (niar'jTn),
ft. Border ; brink ;
verge ; edge of a
page not covered in
writing or printing ;
difference between
price of purchase
and sale of an arti-
cle.— v. t. [Mar-
gined (-jind) ; Margining.] To furnish with,
or enter in, a margin. — Mar'gin-al (-fll), a.
Pertaining to, or written or printed in, a margin.
— HMar'gi-na'li-a (-na'H-a), n. pi. Marginal
notes.

Mar' grave (mar'grav), n. German nobleman of
equal rank with an English marquis. — Mar'-
gra-vine (-gra-ven), ft. Wife of a margrave.

Mar'gue-rlte (mar'ge-ret), ft. A daisy ; an ox-eye
daisy ; a China aster.

Mar'i-gold (mXr'T-gold), ft. A plant, of several
species, bearing yellow flowers.

Ma-riue' (ma-ren'ji, a. Pertaining to the sea, the
ocean, navigation, naval affairs, etc. ; naval ;
nautical. — n. A soldier serving on shipboard ;
naval economy ; collective shipping of a coun-
try. — Mar'i-ner (mSr'I-ner), ft. A seaman ;
a sailor.

Margay.

u, e, i, o, u, long ; &, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

MARIOLATRY

255

MARTIAL

n. Worship of
A puppet moved

Ma'ri-Ol'a-tiy (ma'ri-ol'a-try)
the Virgin Mary.

Mar'i-o-nette' (maVi-o-ngt'), n.
by strings ; a kind of duck.

Mar/i-tal(mar'i-tal), a. Pertaining to a husband.

Mar'i-time (mar'i-tTm), a. Bordering on the
ocean ; marine ; relating to navigation, naval
affairs, commerce, etc.

Mar'jO-ram (mar'jo-ram), n. A mintlike plant of
many species, the sweet marjoram being aro-
matic and fragrant, and used in cookery.

Mark (mark), n. An obsolete English weight and
coin ; a German silver coin and monetary unit,
equal to 23.8 cents.

Mark (mark), n. A visible sign, as a line, point,
stamp, figure, etc., made upon anything ; token;
trace ; preeminence ; thing aimed at ; badge ;
indication; symptom.— v. t. [Marked (markt) ;
Marking.] To make a visible sign upon; to
note ; to observe ; to heed ; to indicate ; to de-
note ; to stamp ; to impress ; to brand. — v. i.
To take notice ; to note. — Mark'er, n.

Mar'ket (mar'ket), n. Meeting, or place of meet-
ing, for traffic; region, country, etc., where an
article may be disposed of ; demand and sale,
or exchange, —v. i. To buy or sell; to make
bargains. — v. t. [Marketed ; Marketing. ]
To offer (goods) for sale ; to traffic in to sell. —
Mar'ket-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Fit for sa: , salable.

Marks'man (marks'man), n. One skillful in hit-
ting a mark; one who shoots well. — Marks'-
man-ship, n. Skill in shooting.

Marl (marl), n. Mixed earthy substance, consisting
of carbonate of lime, clay, and sand. —v. I. To
manure with marl. — Marl'y (-f), Mar-la'ceous
(mar-la'shus), a. Like or containing marl.

Marl (marl), v. t. To wind or cover (rope) with
marline. — Mar'line (mar'lin), n. Small line
composed of two strands a little twisted, used
for winding round ropes and cables, to prevent
their being fretted, — v. t. To wind marline
around. — Marline spike. Iron tool, taper-
ing to a point, used to separate strands
of rope, in splicing.

Marl'y, a. See under Marl, n.

Mar'ma-lade (mar'ma-lad), n. Preserve
made of pulp of fruits (quince, pear,
orange, etc.), boiled with sugar.

Mar-mVre-al (niar-mo're-al), Mar-mo'-
re-an (-an), a. Pertaining to, resem-
bling, or made of, marble.

Mar'mo-set' (mar'nio-zeV), n. A small South
American monkey,
having soft fur, and a
long, thick tail, and
resembling a squirrel.

Mar'mot (inar'mot), n.
Rabbit-like rodent, of
the Alps and Pyrenees ;
the American wood-
chuck; also, the prai-
rie dog, gopher, ground
squirrel, etc.

Ma-roon' (ma-robn'), n.
A fugitive slave in the
West Indies, etc. —
v. t. To put (an of-
fender) on shore and
leave (him) to his fate.

Ma-roon' (ma-robn'), a.
Brownish-crimson. — i

I

Marline
Spike.

Marmoset.
A claret color.

Mar'ploV (mar'plof), n. One who defeats a de-
sign or plot by officious interference.

Marque (mark), n. A license to pass the limits
of a jurisdiction, in order to make reprisals ; a
ship commissioned to make reprisals.

Mar-quee' (mar-ke'), n. A large field tent.

Mar'quess (mar'kwes), n. A marquis.

Mar'quet-ry (mar'ket-r}'), n. Inlaid work of
divers colored fine wood, shells, etc.

Mar'quis (mar'kwis), n. A nobleman in Eng-
land, France, and Germany, next below a duke
in rank. — HMar'quise' (mar'kez'), n. Wife of
a marquis ; marchioness. — Mar'quis-ate (mar'-
kwiz-at or -kwis-at), n. Dignity of a marquis.

Marriage, etc. See under Marry, v.

Mar-roon', n. & a. Same as Maroon, fugitive
slave, etc.

Mar'row (mSr'ro), n. Soft substance in cavities
oi bones ; essence ; best part. — Mar'row-y
(-y), a. Full of marrow ; pithy. — Mar'row-
less, a. Without marrow. — Mar'row-bone7
(-bon7), n. Bone containing marrow ; (pi.) bone
of the knee ; knees. — Mar'row-fat (-f5t), n.
A rich but late variety of pea.

Mar'ry (mar'ry), v. t. & i. [Married (-rid);
•Marrying.] To join in wedlock. — Mar 'riage
'(-ri j), n. Act or state of being married ; matri-
mony ; wedlock ; wedding. — Mar'riage-a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Fit for, capable of, or of proper age
for, marriage. — Mar'riage-a-ble-ness, Mar'-
riage-a-bil'i-ty (-a-bli'i-ty), n.

Mars (marz), n. The mythical son of Jupiter and
Juno, and god of war; a planet of the solar
system next beyond the earth, conspicuous for
its red light.

UMar'seHlais' ( mar'sa'ya' ), a. m., UMar'sei/-
llaise' (-yaz'), a. f. Pertaining to Marseilles,
in France, or to its inhabitants. — n. Citizen
of Marseilles. — Marseilles' (-salz'), n. Double
cloth, made of two series of interlacing threads.

Marsh (marsh), n. Low, wet ground ; fen ;
swamp ; morass. — Marsh'y (-J), a. Swampy.

— Marsh/i-ness, n.

Mar'shal (mar'shal), n. Chief military com-
mander ; a civil officer, charged with direction
of ceremonials, execution of court processes, etc.

— v. t. [Marshaled (-shald) or Marshalled ;
Marshaling or Marshalling.] To dispose in
order ; to arrange ; to array ; to usher ; to lead
as a harbinger. — Mar'shal-er, n. — Mar'skal-
Ship, n. Office of a marshal.

Marsh'y, a. See under Marsh, n.

Mar-SU'pi-al (mar-su'pT-al), a. Having a marsu-
pium, or pouch for carrying the immature
young. — n. One of the Marsupialia, or mam-
mals having such a pouch, as the kangaroos and
most of the other mammals of Australia, the
opossums of America, etc. — Mar-su'pi-ate (-at),
a. Related to the marsupial animals ; furnished
with a pouch for the young.

Mart (mart), n. A place of
sale or traffic ; a market ;
an emporium.

Mar'ten, n. See Martin.

Mar'ten (mar'ten), n. A fur-
yielding carnivorous ani-
mal allied to the weasel.

Mar'tial (mar'shal), a. Per-
taining or suited to war;
military ; brave ; belong-
ing to army or navy :

Marten.

opposed to civil. —

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MARTIAL LAW

256

MAT

Martial law (mar'shal la'). Arbitrary law,
proclaimed in times of war, insurrection, etc.,
and quite distinct from military law.

Mar'tin (mar'tin), Mar'ten (-ten), to. A bird of
the swallow kind, which forms its nest about
buildings.

Mar'ti-net' (inar'tT-ngtf), to. Strict disciplinarian.

— Mar'ti-net ism (-Tz'm), to. Rigid or pedantic
adherence to forms of discipline and fixed
methods.

Mar'tin-gale (mar'ttn-gal), Mar'tin-gal (-g«l),
to. Strap connecting a horse's girth with the bit,
to hold down the head, and prevent him from
rearing ; a short, perpendicular spar, under a
ship's bowsprit end, used for reeving the stays.

Mar'tin-mas (mar'tin-mas), to. Feast of St. Mar-
tin, November 11.

Mar'tyr (mar'ter), to. One who suffers death, for
the truth, or makes very great sacrifice for any
principle or cause. — v. t. [Martyred (-terd) ;
Martyring.] To make a martyr of ; to sacri-
fice or persecute ; to torture. — Mar'tyr- dom'
(-dum), to. Condition, death, or sufferings, of
a martyr. — Mar'tyr-ol'O-gy (-ol'6-jy), to. His-
tory or register of martyrs.

Mar'vel (inar'vel), to. That which causes admi-
ration or wonder; a prodigy; miracle. —v. i.
[Marveled (-veld) or Marvelled; Marvel-
ing or Marvelling.] To be struck with sur-
prise, astonishment, or admiration ; to wonder.

— Mar'vel-OUS (-us), a. Exciting wonder ; pro-
digious; surpassing belief; wonderful; strange ;
astonishing; incredible. — Mar'vel - OUS - ly,
adv. — Mar'vel-ous-ness, to.

Mas'COt, Mas'COtte (niSs'kot), to. A person sup-
posed to bring good luck to a household.

Mas'CU-line (maVku-lin), a. Of the male sex ;
not female, feminine, or effeminate ; strong ;
robust ; having the grammatical form of words
pertaining to male beings, as distinguished from
feminine and neuter. — Mas'CU-line-ly, adv.

— Mas'cu-llne-ness, to.

Mash (mXsh), n. A mixture or mass of ingre-
dients, beaten together into a pulpy state ; mix-
ture of ground malt and warm water. — v. t.
[Mashed (mSsht) ; Mashing.] To crush ; to
bruise ; to reduce to pulp. — Mash'er, to. —
Mash'y (mXsh'^), a. Produced by crushing ;
resembling, or consisting of, a mash.

Mask (mask), n. A cover for the face ; visor ; dis-
guise ; pretext ; subterfuge ; a festive entertain-
ment in which the company wear masks ; mas-
querade ; revel ; a dramatic performance in a
tragic style, the actors wherein wore masks. —
v. t. & i. [Masked (maskt) ; Masking.] To
disguise ; to conceal. — Mask'er, to.

Ma'SOn (ma's'n), n. One who lays bricks and
stones in structures ; a member of the fraternity
of Freemasons.— Ma-SOn'lC (ma-sSn'Tk), a. Per-
taining to the Freemasons. — Ma'SOn-ry (raa'-
e'n-rj), to. Art, occupation, or performance of
a mason ; craft of Freemasons.

Masque (mask), n. A mask ; masquerade. —
Mas' quer-ade' (mSs'ker-ad'), n. An assembly
of persons wearing masks, for dancing, conver-
ntlon, etc; :i hiding under a false show. —
r. /. & i. To disguise. — Mas'quer-ad'er, n.

Mass (mas), n. Roman Catholic celebration of
the sacrament of the Euoharist, or consecration
and oblation of the Host ; a musical composition
adapted to this service.

Mass (mas), n. A body of matter formed into a
lump ; heap ; assemblage ; bulk ; magnitude ;
size ; principal part ; main body ; quantity of
matter contained in a body, irrespective of its
bulk or volume. — v . t. [Massed (mast) ; Mass-
ing.] To form into a mass ; to assemble. — The
masses. The people in general ; the populace.

— Mass meeting. A large gathering of people,
usually for a political purpose. — Mass'y (-y),
Mass'ive (-Tv), a. Weighty ; bulky ; ponder-
ous ; heavy. — Mass'i-ness, Mass'ive-ness, to.

Mas'sa-cre (mas'sa-ker), to. The killing of hu-
man beings by indiscriminate slaughter ; cold-
blooded destruction of life ; butchery ; carnage.

— v. t. [Massacred (-kerd); Massacring
(-kring).] To murder barbarously ; to butcher ;
to slaughter.

Mas'sage (mSs'saj), to. Rubbing or kneading of
the body, as a remedial measure ; shampooing.

— HMas'seur' (ma'seV), to. m., HMas'seuse'
(-sezf^ n. /. One who performs massage.

Mas'se-ter (mas'se-ter ; L. mas-se'tSr), to. The
large muscle which raises the under jaw, and
assists in chewing.

Mass'ive, Mass'y, etc. See under Mass, body of

Mast (mast), n. I An upright pole or spar in a ves-
sel, t '.sustain the sails, yards, rigging, etc.

Mast (iu:i.it), to. Fruit of the oak and beech, or
other forest tree ; nuts ; acorns.

Mas^tftf 4m 6s'ter), to. Superior; chief; ruler;
manager ; proprietor ; teacher ; instructor ;
commander of a merchant ship ; one adept in any
occupation, art, or science, —v. t. [Mastered
(-terd) ; Mastering.] To become master of ; to
conquer ; to overpower ; to become an adept in.

— Mas'ter-ly (-ly), a. Befitting a master ;
skillful ; imperious ; arbitrary. — adv. With the
skill of a master. — Mas'ter-f ul (-ful), a. Dom-
ineering ; imperious. — Mas'ter-f ul-ly, adv. —
Master key. Key that opens many locks ; gen-
eral clew to lead out of many difficulties. —
Mas'ter-piece7 (-pes'), to. A capital perform-
ance ; a chef-d'oeuvre. — Mas'ter-Ship, to. State
or office of a master ; mastery ; superiority. —
Mas'ter-y (-y), ». A mastering ; authority of
a master ; supremacy ; superiority in competi-
tion ; victory in war ; eminent skill.

Mast'head7 (mast'hgd'), n. The top or head of a
mast; part of a mast above the hounds. — v. t.
To send to the masthead, as punishment.

Mas'tic (mSs'tTk), to, A shrubby tree growing
about the Mediterranean ; resin exuding from
the mastic tree, used as an ingredient in drying
varnishes ; cement for plastering walls, etc.

Mas'ti-cate (mSs'tT-kat), v. t. To grind with the
teeth ; to chew. — Mas ti-ca'tion (-ka'shun), to.
A masticating or chewing of solid food. — Mas'-
ti-ca-tO-ry (-ka-to-ry), a. Adapted to perform
the office of chewing food. — n. A substance
to be chewed to increase the saliva.

Mas'tiff (mas'tTf), to. A large variety of dog, of
great strength and courage.

Mas'to-don (m8s'to-don), n. An extinct mammal
resembling the elephant.

Mas'toid (inSs'toid), a. Resembling the nipple
or breast.

Mas tOl'0-gy (niSs-tol'e-jy), to. Natural history
of animals which suckle their young.

Mat (mftt), n. A texture of sedge, rushes, etc.,
to be laid on a floor ; anything growing thickly,

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 0, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea,' obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MATADORE

257

MAUL

or closely interwoven ; ornamental border sur-
rounding a framed picture. — v. I. & i. [Mat-
ted ; Matting.] To twist ; to twine togetlier ;
to entangle.

Mat'a-dore (mat'a-dor), Mat'a-dor, n. The man
appointed to kill the bull in bullfights.

Match (mach), n. Combustible substance used
for lighting afire, firing artillery, etc. — Matcb/-
lock/ (mSoh'lok'), n. An old kind of gunlock
containing a match for firing the priming ; a
musket fired by a match.

Match (mach), n. A person or thing equal or
similar to another ; an equal ; mate ; companion ;
a contest to try strength or skill ; marriage ;
candidate for matrimony ; suitable combination.

— v. t. [Matched (mScht) ; Matching.] To
pair ; to put in competition ; to suit ; to marry.

— v. i. To be united in marriage ; to be of equal
size, figure, or quality ; to tally ; to correspond.

— Match/less (-les), a. Having no equal ; uu-
equaled; unsuited. — Match'less-ly, adv. —
Matcb/less-ness, n. — - Match/maker, h. One
who contrives a marriage. — Match'mak ing.
a. Busy in bringing about a marriage. — n. En-
deavor to bring about a marriagar — -

Mate, n. Checkmate, — the winning
chess. — v. t. To checkmate. J

Mate (mat), n. One who custom
with another ; companion ; husband
ship's officer ranking next belqw
an assistant ; a suitable compani
v. t. & i. [Mated ; Mating.]
pair. — Mate'less, a. Having no mate or com-
panion.

Ma-te'ri-al (ma-te'rT-ol), a. Consisting of mat-
ter ; physical ; bodily ; of solid character ; of
consequence ; not to be dispensed with ; impor-
tant ; weighty ; essential. — n. Substance or
matter of which anything is made or to be made.

— Ma-te'ri-al-ly, adv. In the state of matter ;
substantially ; essentially. — Ma-te'ri-al-ness,
n. — Ma-te'ri-al-ism (-Iz'm), n. Doctrine of
materialists ; tendency to give undue impor-
tance to material interests. — Ma-te/ri-al-ist,
n. One who denies the existence of spiritual
substances, and maintains that spiritual phe-
nomena result from particular organization of
matter. — Ma-teTi-al-is'tiC (-Is'tik), a. Per-
taining to materialism or materialists. — Ma-
te'ri-al'i-ty (-al'i-ty), n. The quality of being
material ; material existence ; importance. —
Ma-te'ri-al-ize (-te'rT-al-iz), v. t. & i. To re-
duce to a state of matter ; to occupy with ma-
terial instead of moral or religious interests.

i'Ma'te'ri'el' (ma'ta're'al'), n. Whatever consti-
tutes the materials (of an army, organization,
etc.) in distinction from the personnel, or men.

Ma-ter'nal (ma-ter'nal), a. Pertaining to, or be-
coming, a mother ; motherly. — Ma-ter'nal-ly,
adv. — Ma-ter'ni-ty (-nT-ty ), n. State, charac-
ter, or relation of a mother.

Math/e-mat'ic (math'e-niat'Tk), Matb/e-mat'ic-
al (-l-kal), a. Pertaining to, or according to
the principles of, mathematics; theoretically
precise. —Math/ e-mat'ic-al-ly, adv. — Math/-
e-ma-ti'cian (-ma-tTsh'on), n. One versed in
mathematics. — Math'e-mat'ics (-mSt'Tks), n.
Science of the relations between quantities or
magnitudes.

Mat'in (mXtln), a. Pertaining to, or used in, the
morning. — n. Morning worship or service ;

first canonical hour in the Roman Catholic
Church.

liMat'i-nee' (mat'T-na' ; F. ma/te'na'), n. A re-
ception or entertainment in the early part of
the day.

Ma-trass' (ma-tras' or rnat'ras), n. A round-
bottomed, long-necked glass flask, used by
chemists for digestion, evaporation, etc.

Mat'ress, n. See Mattress.

Mat'ri-Cide (mat'ri-sid), n. The killing, also the
killer or murderer, of one's mother. — Mat'ri-
ci dal (-sPdal), a. Pertaining to matricide.

Ma-tric'U-late (ma-trtk'u-lat), v. t. To enter or
admit to membership (in a society, college, etc.).

— n. One matriculated. — Ma-tric'U-la'tion
(-la'shiin), n. A matriculating.

Mat'ri-mo-ny (mat'rT-mo-ny), n. Union of a
man and woman as husband and wife ; mar-
riage ; wedlock. — Mafri-mo'ni-al (-ino'nT-al),
a. Pertaining to, or derived from, marriage ;
connubial ; conjugal ; nuptial ; hymeneal. —
Mat'ri-mo'ni-al-ly, adv.

Ma'trix (ma'trlks), n. ; pi. Matrices (rnSt'rt-
sez). The womb ; a die ; a mold.

Ma'tron (ma'trun), n. A wife or widow ; a house-
keeper ; a female head of a household ; a nurse in
a hospital. — Mat'ron-age (mat'rfin-aj or ma'-
trun-), n. State of a matron ; collective body
of matrons. — Mat'ron-al (-ai), Ma'tron-like7
(-Ilk'), Ma'tron-ly, a. Pertaining to, or befit-
ting, a matron ; motherly ; sedate ; grave. —
Ma'tron-ize (-iz), v. t. To superintend ; to
chaperone.

Mat'ter (mat'ter), n. Substance of which the
sensible universe and all existent bodies are
composed ; body ; material ; concern ; affair ;
theme ; business ; importance ; moment ; cause
or occasion ; pus ; purulent substance. — v. i.
[Mattered (mat'terd) ; Mattering.] To be of
importance ; to import ; to signify. — Mat/ter-
01-fact/ (-ov-f2kf), a. Adhering to facts ; not
fanciful or imaginative ; dry.

Mat'ting (mSt'ting), n. Mats collectively ; ma-
terials for mats.

Mat'tOCk (mat'tuk), n. A digging and grubbing
implement, having one blade like
an adz, the other like a pickax.

Mat'tress(mat'tres), n. Bed stuffed
with hair, moss, etc., and quilted.

Mat'U-rate (mat'u-rat), v. t. & i.1
To ripen ; to suppurate. — Mat'U- M tt .
ra'tion (-ra'shun), n. Process Matt0CK-
of corning to maturity ; suppuration ; forming of
pus.

Ma-ture' (ma-tur'), a. Brought to completeness
of growth or development ; fully digested ;
ripe ; prepared ; ready. — v. t. [Matured
(-turd') ; Maturing.] To bring to perfection or
maturity ; to make ready for use. — v. i. To
become ripe ; to become due, as a note. — Ma-
turely, adv. In a mature manner ; completely.

— Ma-ture/ness, ».— Ma-tu'ri-ty (-tu'rT-ty), n.
State of being mature ; ripeness ; termination
of the period a note has to run.

Mat'u-ti'nal (mat'u-ti'nal), a. Pertaining to the

morning ; early.
Maud'lin (mad'ltn), a. Drunk ; fuddled ; sickly

sentimental.
Mau'ger (ma/ger), Mau'gre, prep. In spite of ;

in opposition to ; notwithstanding.
Maul (mal), n. A heavy wooden hammer, —v. t.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

MAUL-STICK

258

MEASURELESS

[Mauled (maid); Mauling.] To beat; to
bruise.

Maul'-stictf (mal'sttk'), n. A painter's stick to
steady the hand in working.

Maund (iniind or mand), Maund'er (-er), v. i.
To mutter ; to beg ; to talk incoherently or
idly. — Maund'er-er, n. A grumbler.

Maun'dy Thurs'day (inan'dy- thUrz'da). Thurs-
day in Passion-week, or next before Good Fri-
day.

Mauso-le'um (ma/so-le'um), n. ; pi. E. Mausole-
ums (-umz), L. -lea (-a). [L., fr. Mausolus, king
of Caria, to whom Artemisia, his widow, erected
a monument.] A magnificent tomb ; sepulchral
monument.

Mausoleum.

Mauve (mov), n. A delicate purple or lilac color.

Ma'vis (ma'vis), n. The throstle ; song-thrush.

Maw (ma), n. The stomach of a beast ; the craw
of a bird.

Mawk'ish (mak/Tsh), a. Apt to cause satiety or
loathing ; nauseous ; disgusting.

Maw'WOmV (ma/wtirm'), n. An intestinal worm ;
a bot.

Max'il-lar (mSks'Tl-ler), Max'il-la-ry (-14-ry), a.
Pertaining to the jaw.

Max'im (mSksTin), n. An established principle
or proposition ; adage ; proverb.

Max'i-mum (maksl-mum), n. ;pl. Maxima (-ma).
The greatest quantity or value attainable in a
given case; highest point or degree, —a. Great-
est; highest; extreme.

May (ma), v. aux. [imp. Might (nut).] To be
possible or able; to have license. — May'be
(ma'be), adv. Perhaps ; possibly.

May (ma), n. Fifth month of the year ; early
part of life ; flowers of the hawthorn, which
bloom in May. — v. i. To gather flowers on
May morning. — May apple. Fruit of the
mandrake. — May day. First day of May. —
May'flow'er, n. In England, the hawthorn ;
in New England, the trailing arbutus.

May'hem (ma'hSm), n. The maiming of a per-
son.

Mayon'naise' (ma/yon'naz'), n. Sauce made
from raw eggs beaten up with olive oil, vinegar,
pepper, salt, etc., for dressing salads, fish, etc. ;
a dish thus dressed.

May'or (ma'er), n. Chief magistrate of a city or
municipal corporation. — May'or-al-ty (-Xl-t^),
n. Office of a mayor. — May'or-ess (-6s), n.
Wife of a mayor.

Maze (maz), n. Confusing network of paths or
passages ; perplexity ; intricacy. — v. I. [Mazed
(mazd) ; Mazing.] To confound with intricacy;
to amaze ; to bewilder. — Ma'zy (ma'zy), a.
Winding ; intricate ; perplexing.

Me (me), pron. Myself ; the person speaking ;

— objective case of /.

Mead (med), n. Drink made of honey and water ;
also, of a sirup of sarsaparilla, etc.

Mead (med), Mead'OW (med'6), n. A tract of
low or level grass land.

Mea'ger (nie'ger), Mea'gre, a. Having little
flesh ; thin ; lean ; poor in quality ; scanty ;
barren. — Mea'ger-ly, Mea'gre-ly, adv. —
Mea'ger-ness, Mea'gre-ness, n.

Meal (mel), n. A portion of food taken at one
time ; a repast. — Meal'time' (mel'tim'), n.
Usual hour of taking a meal.

Meal (mel), n. Ground and unbolted grain
(maize, rye, oats, etc.) ; flour from beans, pease,
etc. ; any substance coarsely pulverized, but
not granulated. — v. t. To sprinkle with meal ;
to pulverize. — Meal'y (-£), «. Like meal ; soft,
dry, and friable ; overspi ead with something
like meal. — Meal ' i - ness, n. — Meal ' y -
mouthed' (-mouthd'), a. Having a soft mouth ;
unwilling to tell the truth in plain language ;
plausible ; affected.

Mean (men), v. t. [Meant (mSnt) ; Meaning.]
To intend ; to design ; to purpose ; to signify ;
to denote. — v. i. To have a purpose or inten-
tion. — Mean'lng, n. Intent ; purpose ; aim ;
sense ; import. — Mean'lng-ly, adv. — Mean'-
Ing-less, a.

Mean (men), a. Destitute of distinction, emi-
nence, honor, or account ; base ; humble ; poor ;
vile ; servile ; spiritless ; paltry ; sordid ; nig-
gardly. — Mean'ly, adv. — Mean'ness, n.

Mean (men), a. Occupying a middle position ;
midway ; intervening ; intermediate ; average ;
having an intermediate value between two ex-
tremes.—«. That which is intermediate be-
tween two extremes ; middle point, place, rate,
or degree ; medium ; quantity having an inter-
mediate value between others ; average ; pi. re-
sources ; property ; instrumentality. — Mean'-
time' (men'tlm'), Mean'while' (-hwil'), n. In-
tervening time. — adv. During the interval.

Me-an'der (me-an'der), n. A winding course ;
intricate or tortuous movement. — v. t. & ?'.
[Meandered (-derd) ; Meandering.] To wind,
turn, or flow round.

Mean'ing, n. See under Mean, v. t.

Mean'ly, Mean'ness. See under Mean, base.

Meant (niSnt), imp. & p. p. of Mean, v. I.

Mean'time7, Mean'wnile', adv. See under Mean,
middle.

Mea'sles (me'z'lz), n. A contagious febrile dis-
order, with an eruption of distinct red circular
spots : a disease of swine and cattle ; the larvne
of tapeworms. — Mea'sly (me'zly ), a. Infected
with measles.

Meas'ure (mSzh'ur), n. Dimensions of anything ;
limit ; extent ; moderation ; due standard ol
dimension or quantity ; extent ; degree ; divi-
sion of time in music or dancing ; poetic
meter ; rhythm ; a foot ; pi. geological beds or
strata.— v. t. [MEAsuuED(-urd) ; Measuring.]
To ascertain the extent or quantity of ; to esti-
mate ; to value ; to adjust ; to proportion ; to
distribute by measure. — v. i. To have a certain
length, breadth, or thickness. — Meas'ur-er, v.

— Meas'ur-a-ble (-a-b'i), a. Capable ot being

measured ; moderate ; in small quantity or ex-
tent. — Meas'ur-a-ble-ness, n. — Meas'ur-a-
bly, adv. — Meas'ure-less (-lSs), a. Without

a, ©, I, o, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, ft, yf short ; senate, event, Idea, 6bey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MEASUREMENT

259

MEETINGHOUSE

measure ; limitless ; vast ; infinite. — Meas'ure-
ment (mezh'ur-ment), n. A measuring ; men-
suration; quantity ascertained by measuring;
area.

Meat (met), n. Food ; flesh of animals used as
food. — Meat'y (met'y), a. Abounding in
meat ; fleshy.

Me-chan/ic (nie-kan'Tk), n. A mechanician ; an
artisan ; one who shapes materials by tools. —
Me-chan'ic, Me-chan'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Per-

. taining to, governed by, or in accordance with,
mechanics, or the laws of motion ; depending
upon mechanism or machinery ; done as if by a
machine, or without conscious exertion of will ;
made by mechanical means, and not by chemical
action. — Mechanical powers. Certain sim-
ple instruments,
such as the lever
and its modifica-
tions (the wheel
and axle and the
pulley), the in-
clined plane with
its modifications
(the screw and the
wedge), which
convert a small
force acting
through a great
space into a great
force acting
through a small
space, or vice
versa. — Me-
chanics, n. Sci-
ence, or branch of
applied mathemat-
ics, which treats
of the action of forces on bodies. — Me-chan'-
ic-al-ly, adv. — Me-chan'ic-al-ness, *.—
Mech'a-ni'cian (ingk/a-msh'an), n. One skilled
in mechanics ; a machinist. — Mech 'an - ism
(nigk'an-Iz'm), n. Construction of a machine ;
parts of a machine collectively. — Mech'an-ist
(-Tst), n. A maker of machines ; one skilled in
mechanics.

Med'al (mgd'al), n. A disk of metal struck with
a device. — Med'al-ist, n. One skilled in
medals; one who has received a medal as the
reward of merit.

Me-dal'lion (me-daTytin), n. A large ledal or
memorial coin ; tablet bearing figures in relief.

Med'dle (mgd'd'l), v. i. [Meddled (-d'ld) ; Med-
dling (-dling).] To mix one's self needlessly or
impertinently in others' affairs ; to interpose
officiously ; to interfere. — Med'dler (-dler), n.
— Med'dle-SOme (-d'l-smn), a. Given to med-
dling ; intrusive. — Med'dle-some-ness, n.

Me'di-3B,val (me'dT-e'val), a. Of or relating to
the Middle Ages.

Me'di-al (me'di-al), a. Pertaining to a mean or
average ; mean.

Me'di-an (me'di-an), a. Being in, or running
through, the middle. — n. Median line or point.

Me'di-ate (me'dT-at), a. Being between the ex-
tremes ; middle ; acting by means, or by an in-
tervening cause or instrument.

Me'di-ate (me'dT-at), v. i. To interpose between
parties ; to arbitrate ; to intercede. — t-. t. To
effect by interposition. — Me'di-ate-ly, adv. In
a mediate manner ; by a secondary cause. —

Mechanical Powers.
1 Lever ; 2 Inclined Plane ; 3
Wheel and Axle ; 4 Screw ;
5 Pulley ; 6 Wedge.

Me'di-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A mediating ; action
as a necessary condition or instrument ; interpo-
sition ; reconciliation of parties at variance. —
Me'di-a'tor (me'dl-a'ter), n. One who medi-
ates ; an intercessor ; advocate ; an arbitrator ;
umpire. — Me'di-a tor-ship, n. Office of a me-
diator. — Me'di-a-to-ry (-a-to-ry), Me/di-a-to/-
ri-al (-a-to'rl-al), a. Belonging to a mediator
or his office.
Med'ic-al (med'T-kal), a. Pertaining to medicine,
or the art of healing ; medicinal. — Med'ic -al-
ly, adv. — Med'i-ca-ment (-T-ka-ment),n. Medi-
cine ; a healing application. — Med'i-cate (-kat),
v. t. To tincture or impregnate with medicine ;
to heal ; to cure. — Med i-ca'tion (-ka'shfin), n.
A medicating ; use of medicine. — Med'i-ca tive
(-ka-tiv), a. Tending to cure. — Med'i-ca-ole
(-ka-b'l), a. Capable of being cured. — Me-
dic'i-nal (me-dis'T-nal),<z. Healing ; curative.

— Me-dic'i-nal-ly, adv. — Med'i-cine (inSd'T-
sln), n. Anything used in treatment of disease ;
remedy ; science of preventing, curing, or alle-
viating disease.

Me/dl-e'val, a. 8ee Medleval.

Me'dl-O'cre (me/dT-6vker), a. Of middle quality ;

ordinary ; commonplace. — Me/di-OC'ri-ty (-5k'-

rT-t^), n. Quality of being mediocre ; moderate

degree or rate.
Med'i-tate (med'T-tat), v. i. & t. To dwell (on

anything) in thought; to contemplate ; to study.

— Med'i-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. A meditating ;
continued thought ; reflection ; a musing. —
Med'i-ta-tive (mgd'T-ta-t!v), a. Addicted or
appropriate to meditation or design.

Med'i-ter-ra'ne-an (mgd'r-ter-ra'ne-an), a. In-
closed, or nearly inclosed, with land.

Me'di-tun (me'dT-um), n. ; pi. L. Media (-a), E.
Mediums (-vimz). That which lies in the mid-
dle ; middle place or degree ; mean ; instru-
mentality ; agency ; printing paper of middle
size.

Med'lar (mgd'ler), n. A tree, and its apple-like
fruit, eaten only in a
state of decay.

Medley (mgdly), n.
A mixture ; a jumble ;
a hodge-podge.

Me-dnl'lar (me-dul'-
ler), Med'nl-la-ry

(nied'ul-la-ry),er. Per-
taining to, consisting
of, or resembling,
marrow ; pithy.

Meed (med), n. Re-
ward ; recompense.

Meek (mek), a. Not
easily provoked or
irritated ; mild ; yield-
ing; humble. —
Meek'ly (mek'l?),
adv. — Meek'ness. n.

Meer'SChanm (mer'sham), n. A fine white clay-
like mineral, soft, and so light as to float on
water ; a tobacco pipe made of this mineral.

Meet (met), v. 1. & i. [Met (mgt) ; Meeting.]
To come together ; to join. — n. Assemblage ;
gathering of huntsmen for a hunt; place of
meeting. — Meet'ing, n. A coming together ;
interview ; congregation ; collection of people ;
a religious assembly ; an auditory ; junction ;
union. — Meet'ing-house' (-hous/), n. A place

Medlar, a Leaves and
Flower ; b Fruit. Reduced.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, rWde, full, urn, food, ftfbt, out, oil, cuair, go, siug, ink, tlien, thin.

MEET

260

MENTAL

of worship ; in England, a place of worship for
Dissenters.

Meet (met), a. Adapted ; fit ; suitable ; proper ;
convenient. — Meet'ly, adv. — Meet'ness, n.

Meg'a-phone (meg'a-fou), n. A large, funnel-
shaped speaking trumpet.

Me'grim (me'grim), n. Vehement pain in one
side of the head ; a whim ; a freak.

Mel'an-chol-y (mgl'an-kol-y), n. Gloomy state
of mind ; dejection. — a. Depressed in spirits;
doleful; afflictive. — Mel'an-chol'ic (-kol'Tk),
a. Given to melancholy ; depressed.

llMe'lange' (ma'laNzh'), n. A mixture ; medley.

iMs'lde' (ma7 la'), n. A fight in which the com-
batants mingle in one confused mass.

Mel'iO-rate (mel'yo-rat), v. t. & i. To make or
grow better; to improve. — Mel ' i.0 - ra ' tion
(-ra'shun), n. Improvement.

Mel-lif 'lu-ent ( mel - lTf ' lti - ent ), Mel-lif lu-ous
(-us), a. Flowing as with honey ; smooth ;
sweetly flowing. — Mel-lif 'lu-ence (-ens), n. A
flow of sweetness ; sweet, smooth flow.

Mel'lOW (mel'lo), a. Soft ; ripe ; rich ; delicate;
genial ; jovial ; slightly intoxicated ; fuddled.
— v.t.& i. [Mellowed (-lod); Mellowing.]
To ripen ; to soften. — Mel'low-ness, n.

Me-lo'de-on (me-lo'de-un), n. A small reed or-
gan ; a music hall.

Me-lo'di-OUS, etc. See under Melody, n.

Mel o-dia'ma (mgl'6-dra'ma or -dra'nia), n. Dra-
matic performance abounding in startling or
unnatural sentiment or situation. — Mel'0-dra-
mat'lc (-dra-matTk), a. Of the nature of melo-
drama ; done for effect merely ; overstrained.

Mel'0-dy (mel'6-dy), n. ; pi. Melodies (-diz).
Rhythmical succession of single tones ; tune of a
musical piece. — Me-lo'di-OUS (me-lo'dT-us), a.
Containing melody; agreeable to the ear by
sweet succession of sounds. — Me-lo'di-OUS-ly,
adv. — Me-lo'di-ons-ness, n. — Mel'o-dist
(mgl'6-dTst), n. Composer or singer of melo-
dies. — Mel'0-dize (-diz), v. t. To make melo-
dious. — v: i. To compose melodies.

Mel'on (mel'un), n. A juicy fruit of a cucurbi-
taceous plant,
eaten raw.

Melt (m51t), v. t.
& i. To dis-
solve ; to fuse ;
to thaw ; to sof-
ten ; to subdue.

Mel'ton (mSl'tun), A Muskmelon. B Watermelon.
n. Woolen cloth
with unfinished face and no raised nap.

Mem/ber (mgm'ber), n. Part of an animal body ;
limb ; clause ; subordinate part of a building ;
one of the persons composing a society, com-
munity, etc. ; one of the parts of ah algebraic
c<mat ion, connected by the sign of equality. —
Mem'ber-ship, n. State of being a member ;
collective body of members.

Mem'brane ( inSm'bran). n. Thin tissue covering
part of the body. — Mem'bra-nous (-bra-nus),
Mem'bra-na'ceous (-bra-na'shiis), Mem-bra'-
ne-OUS (-brii'iit-iis), a. Belonging to, resem-
bling, or consisting of, membranes.

Me-men'to ( me - men ' to ), n. ; pi. Mementoes
(-toz). Hint; suggestion; memorial; remind-
er ; souvenir.

Mem'oir (mSm'wor or mem'wor), n. Written ac-
count ; familiar history composed from personal

memory ; record of investigations ; proceedings
of a society.

Mem'0-ry (mgm'6-r^), n. Faculty by which the
mind retains knowledge of thoughts or events ;
time within which past events can be remem-
bered ; recollection ; reminiscence. — Mem/0-
ra-ble ( - ra - b'l ), a. Worthy to be remem-
bered ; celebrated ; extraordinary ; famous ;
remarkable. — Mem'O-ra-bly, adv. — Mem'O-
ran'dum (-ran'dum), n. ; pi. E. Memoran-
dums (-dumz), L. Memoranda (-da). Record
of something which should be remembered ;
written note of some transaction. — Me-m.0'ri-
al (ine-mo'ri-al), a. Preservative of, or con-
tained in, memory. — n. Thing intended to
preserve the memory of a person, an occurrence,
etc. ; written representation of facts made to a
legislative or other body. — Me-mo'ri-al-ist, n.
One who writes or presents a memorial. — Me-
mo'ri-al-ize (-iz), v. t. To petition by memo-
rial. — Mem/0-rize (mgin'6-riz), v. t. To cause
to be remembered ; to commit to memory ; to
learn by heart. — iMe-mor'i-ter (ine-morT-ter),
adv. By, or from, memory.

Men (men), n.tpl. of Man.

Men'ace (men'as), n. Threat; show or indica-
ted of coming} evil. — v. I. & i. [Menaced
tfsst) ; Menacing (-a-sing).] To threaten ; to
mspire with apprehension.

Mfl^-ag'er-ie (liie'n-azh'e'r-y or me-nSj'er-^), n.
A place where animals are trained ; a collection
of mN*«Blmals for exhibition.

Mend (mend), v. t. &i. To repair ; to improve ;
to better ; to correct ; to reform. — Mend'er, n.
— Mend'a-ble, a. Capable of being mended.

Men-da'ci0US (men-da'shus), a. Given to de-
ception ; lying ; false. — Men-dac'i-ty (-daVI-
ty-), n. Falsehood ; deceit ; untruth.

Men'di-cant (mgn'dT-kant), a. Begging; living
on alms. — n. A beggar. — Men ' di - can - cy
(-kon-sy), Men-diCi-ty (-dTs'i-ty), n. State of
begging ; life of a beggar.

Men-ha'den (mgn-ha'd'n), n. An American sea
fish of the herring kind.

Men'ial (men'yal or me'nT-al), a. Servile ; low ;
mean. — n. A domestic servant ; a person of
servile character or disposition.

Men'in-gi'tis (mSn'Tn-jriTs^ n. Inflammation
of the meninges, or membranes enveloping the
brain ai d spinal cord.

Me-nis'C IS ( me-ms'kus ), n. ; pi. L. Mekisci
(-si), E. Meniscdses (-kus-e"z). A crescent ; a
lens convex on one side and concave on the
other.

Men'sal (men' sal), a. Occurring once in a
month ; monthly.

Men'stru-al (men'stru-al), a. Recurring once a
month ; monthly.

Men'stru-um (mSn'stru-flm), n. ; pi. E. Men-
struums (-fimz), L. Menstrua (-a). A fluid or
subtilized substance which dissolves a solid
body ; a solvent.

Men'su-ra-ble (mSn'shu-ra-b'l), a. Capable of
being measured ; measurable. — Men'SU-ra-
bil'i-ty (-bil'i-t^), n. Quality of being mensu-
rable. — Men'SU-ral ( - rod ), a. Pertaining to
measure. — Men'SU-ra'tion (-ra'shiin), n. A
measuring ; the branch of geometry which de-
termines dimension of objects from data of lines
and angles.

Men'tal (men'tal), a. Pertaining to the mind ;

S, e, I, 5, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, a, y, short ; Beuftte, event, Idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

MENTALLY

261

MESMERISM

intellectual. — Mon'tal-ly, adv. In the mind ;
in idea.

Men'thol (mSn'thol), n. A substance like cam-
phor, extracted from oil of peppermint.

Men'tion (inSn'shun), n. Notice ; remark, — v. t.
[Mentioned (-shund) ; Mentioning.] To speak
briefly of ; to name. — Men'tion-a-ble, a. Fit
to be mentioned.

Men/tor (mgn'tor), n. A wise and faithful coun-
selor.
Menu' (me-nu'), n. A banquet bill of fare.

Me-phi'tis (me-fi'tTs), Meph'i-tism (mef'i-tTz'm),
n. Foul exhalations from decomposing sub-
stances, etc. — Me-phit'ic (me-fitlk), Me-
phit'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Offensive to the smell ;
poisonous : noxious.

Mer'can-tile (mer'kan-tTl), a. Pertaining to
merchants or business ; commercial.

Mer'ce-na-ry (mer'se-na-ry), a. Acting for re-
ward ; serving for pay ; venal ; sordid ; selfish.

— ».; pi. Mercenaries (-rlz). A hireling; a
soldier hired into foreign service. — Mer'ce na-
ri-ly, adv. — Mer'ce-na-ri-ness, n. [cloths. I

Mor'cer (mer'ser), n. A dealer in silks and woolen |
Mer'cer-ize (mer'ser-iz), v. I. To treat, as cotton
fabrics, with chemicals so as to impart a silky
luster.
Mer'chant (mer'chant), n. One who traffic ; a
trader. — a. Pertaining to, or employed! in,
trade or merchandise. — Mer ' chant - fc- ble
(-chant-a-b'l), a. Fit for mlfcketjs^p as is
sold in market, or will bring the cfWSHry price.

— Mer'chant-man (-man), n. Trading vessel.

— Mer'chan-dise (-chan-diz), n. A trading;
trade ; traffic ; wares ; goods ; commodities. —
v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce.

Mer'ci-ful, Mer'ci-less, etc. See under Mercy.

Mer'CU-ry (mer'ku-rjf), n. In Roman mythol-
ogy, the son of Jupiter and Maia, messenger of
the gods, and god of eloquence and of com-
merce ; the planet of the solar system, nearest
the sun ; messenger ; a metal, white like silver,
liquid at common temperatures ; quicksilver. —
Mer-CU'rl-al (nier-ku'rl-al), a. Resembling
the god Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; volatile ;
fickle ; crafty ; containing, consisting of, or
caused by, the mineral mercury.

Mer'cy (mer'sy), n. Tenderness to an offender ;
clemency ; pity ; mildness. — Mer'ci-ful (-sT-
ful), a. Full of, or exercising, mercy ; unwilling
to give pain ; compassionate ; humane ; gra-
cious ; benignant. — Mer'ci-ful-ly, adv. — Mer'-
ci fulness, n. —Mer'ci-less (-les), a. Without
mercy ; relentless ; cruel ; ruthless ; savage. —
Mer'cl-less-ly, adv. — Mer'ci-less-ness, n.

Mere ( mer ), a. [Comp. not used ; superl.
Merest.] Unmixed ; pure ; only this, and noth-
ing else ; simple ; bare. — Mere'ly, adv.

Mere (mer), n. A pool ; a lake.

Mere (mer), n. A boundary.

Mer'e-tri'ClOUS (mer'e-trish'us), a. Like or per-
taining to harlots ; wanton ; tawdry ; showy.

— Mer e-tri'cious-ly, adv. — Mer'e-tri'cious-

ness. n.

Merge (merj), v. t. & i. [Merged ( merjd ) ;
Merging (nier'jTng).] To swallow up ; to im-
merse; to sink. — Mer'ger (mer'jer), n. One
that merges; legal absorption of an estate or
contract in another, or of a minor offense in a
greater.

Me-rid'i-an (me-rldl-an), a. At or pertaining

Merino Sheep.

to midday ; pertaining to the highest point at-
tained by the sun, or the highest point of pros-
perity, success, etc. — n. Midday ; noon ; cul-
mination ; a great circle on the surface of the
earth, passing through the poles and any given
place. — Me-rid'i-O-nal (-6-nal), a. Pertain-
ing to the meridian ; having a southern aspect ;
southerly.

!!Me/ringne/ (F. me/ra'N'g' ; E. mg-rang'), n.
Pastry of powdered sugar and whipped white
of eggs, with jam, cream, etc.

Me-ri'no (iue-re'no'), a. Pertaining to a Span-
ish breed of sheep
of very fine wool ;
made of the wool of
the merino sheep. —
n. ; pi. Merinos
( -noz ). Sheep of a
breed originally from
Spain; a thin fabric,
of merino wool, for
ladies' wear.

Mer'it (merit), n. A
deserving well or ill ;
desert; excellence
entitling to honor or reward ; worth ; worthi-
ness ; reward deserved. — v. t. [Merited;
Meriting.] To earn ; to be entitled to ; to de-
serve ; to incur. — Mer/i-to/ri-OUS (-1-to/rT-us),
a. Possessing merit or desert ; deserving honor ;
valuable. — Mer'i-to'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Mer'i-
to'ri-ous-ness, n.

Merle (merl), n. A blackbird.

Mer'lln (mer'lTn), n. A species of small hawk.

Mer'lon (mer'lon), n. That part of a parapet be
tween two embrasures.

Mer'maid (mer'mad),
having a woman's
body, but a fish's
tail, instead of legs.
— Mer'man, n. A
sea man.

Mer'ry (mer'r^), a.
[Merrder ; Merri-
est.] Brisk; noisily
gay ; lively ; spright-
ly ; joyous ; sport-
ive. — Mer'ry-an'-
drew (-Sn'dru), n.
A buffoon ; zany. —
Mer'ri-ly (-rT-iy),
adv. — Mer'ri-ness,
Mirth ; hilarity

part of a parapet be-
A fabled sea nymph,

Mermaid.

• — Mer'ri-ment (-ment),
frolic ; jollity. — Mer'ry-
mak'ing (-making), a. Jolly. — n. Merri-
ment. — Mer'ry-thougllt' (-that'), n. Forked
bone of a fowl's breast ; wishbone.

I Me/sal/li'ance/ (ma/za^'aNs'), n. Marriage with
one of inferior social position.

Mes' dames' (F. ma'dam', E. mez'damz), n., pi.
of Madame, n.

Mes'en-ter-y (mSs'Sn-ter-^), n. A membrane in
the abdomen, which retains the intestines, etc.
in position. — Mes'en-ter'ic (-tSrtk), a. Per-
taining to the mesentery.

Mesh (mSsh), n. Space between threads of a
net ; network. — v. t. [Meshed ( mesht ) ;
Meshing.] To catch in a mesh ; to insnare.

Mes-mer'ic (mez-mer'Tk), Mes-mer'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Pertaining to, or under the influence of,
mesmerism. — Mes'mer-ism (mez'mer-Tz'ni), n.
Art of inducing an abnormal state of the nervous

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MESMERIST

262

METRICAL

system, in which the actor claims to control the
mind of the recipient. — Mes'mer-ist (niez'-
mer-Tst), n. One who practices, or believes in,
mesmerism . — Mes'mer-ize (-iz ) , v. t. To bring
into a state of mesmeric sleep.

Mess (mes), n. Food set on a table at one time ;
a number of persons who eat together ; a med-
ley ; a mixed mass : confusion ; a blunder. — v. i.
[Messed (mest) ; Messing.] To belong to, or
take meals with, a mess or company. — v. t.
To supply with a mess. — Mess'mate' (mes'-
mat'), n. Companion at table.

Mes'sage (mes'saj), n. Notice sent from one
person to another ; official communication. —
Mes'sen-ger (-sen-jer), n. Bearer of a message
or errand.

Mes-Si'ah (mgs-si'a), n. Christ, the anointed ;
the Savior. — Mes-Si'ah-ship, n. State or of-
fice of the Savior. — Mes si-an'ic (mes'sT-an'-
lk), a. Relating to the Messiah.

Mes'sieuiS (E. nigsh'yerz ; F. ma'sye'), n. pi.
Sirs ; gentlemen ; — abbr. to Messrs., and used
as plural of Mr.

Mess'mate, n. See under Mess, n.

Me s'suage (mes'swa j ) , n. A dwelling house , with
adjoining lands.

Met (met), imp. & p. p. of Meet.

Met' al (meVal or mgf'l), n. An elementary sub-
stance having peculiar luster, insoluble in water,
and usually solid at ordinary temperatures ;
the effective power of guns carried by a vessel
of war ; material ; character ; temper. — Me-
tal'lic (me-taU'lIk), a. Pertaining to, consist-
ing of, resembling, or of the nature of, metals.
— Met'al-lil'er-OUS (met'al-TFer-us), a. Pro-
ducing metals. — Met'al-line ( nigt'al-lin ), a.
Pertaining to, or impregnated with, metal. —
Met'al-list (-list), n. One skilled in metals. —
Met'al-lize (-liz), v. t. To form into metal ;
to give proper metallic properties to. — Met'al-
loid (-loid), n. An inflammable, non-metallic
body. — a. Like metal ; nonmetallic ; acid ;
negative. — Met'al-lur'gy (-lGr'jy), n. Art of
working metals ; operation of obtaining metals
from their ores. — Met al-lur'gic (-lfir'jTk),
Met'al-lur'giC-al (-jT-kal), a. Pertaining to
metallurgy. — Met'al-lurglst (-jTst), n. One
skilled in metallurgy. %

Met a-mor'phose (mgt'a-mSr'f 6s), v. t. To change
into a different form ; to transform ; to trans-
mute. — Met a-mor'phose, Met'a-mor'pho-sis
(-fo-sts), n. Transformation ; change in the
form or function of a living organism by natu-
ral growth or development, as of a tadpole into
a frog, a bud into a blossom, etc. — Met'a-mor'-
phic (-f Tk), a. Subject to change ; changeable ;
relating to changes which rocks have undergone
since their deposition. — Met ' a - mor ' phism
(-llz'in), n. State or quality of being meta-
morphic.

Met'a-phor (mgt'a-fer), v. A short similitude;
a coinjiressed simile or comparison ; a trope. —
Met'a-phor'ic ( -f 5r ' Tk ), Met'a-phor'ic-al (-T-
kivl), <7. Pertaining to, or comprising, a meta-
phor ; figurative. — Met'a-phor'ic-al-ly, adv.

Met'a-phrase (mSt'a-fraz), n. A verbal transla-
tion ; phrase in reply to another phrase; rep-
artee. — Met'a-phras'tlc ( -f r&VtTk ), Met'a-
phras'tic-al ( -tf-kal ), <i. Close, or literal, in
translation.

Met'a-phys'iCS ( mgt'a-iTz'Tks ), n. Science of

mental phenomena ; mental philosophy ; psy-
chology. — Met' a-phys'ic-al (-flz'T-kal), a.
Pertaining, relating to, or according to the
principles of, metaphysics. — Met'a-phys'ic-al-
ly, adv. — Met'a-phy-si'ciail (-zish'an), n. One
versed in metaphysics.

Mete (met), v. t. [Meted (met'ed) ; Meting.]
To ascertain the quantity or capacity of ; to
measure. — n. Measure ; limit ; boundary.

Me-temp'sy-cho'sis (me-tem'si-ko'sTs), n. Pass-
ing of the human soul after death into some
other animal body ; transmigration.

Me/te-or (me'te-er), n. Phenomenon or appear-
ance in the atmosphere (clouds, rain, hail, snow,
etc.) ; a transient luminous body seen in the at-
mosphere. — Me'te-or'iC (-or'ik), a. Pertain-
ing to, consisting of, or proceeding from, mete-
ors ; atmospheric ; influenced by the weather ;
brilliant ; transient ; like a meteor. — Me'te-OI-
ite (-it), Me/te-or'O-lite (-or'S-lit), n. A mete-
oric stone ; aerolite. — Me'te-Or-ol'0-gy (-er-
51'6-jy), n. Science of the atmosphere and its
phenomena, heat, moisture, etc. — Me'te-OI-
Ol'0-gist (-jist), n. One skilled in meteorology.

— Me/te-or' o-log'ic (-te-5r'o-i5j'Ik), Me'te-or'o-
log'ic-al (-t-kal), a. Pertaining to the atmos-

* phere or to meteorology.

Mefter (nie'ter), n. One who, or that which,
nietes or measures ; an instrument for measuring
(aV»d usually for recording) quantity (of water or
gas consumed, etc.). — Me'ter-age (-aj), n. Act
or cosWfTneasuring.

Me'ter (me'ter), Me'tre, n. Rhythmical arrange-
ment of syllables into verses, stanzas, etc. ;
rhythm ; measure ; verse ; a measure of length,
equal to 39.37 inches, the standard of linear
measure in the metric system of weights and
measures.

Me-tfceglin (me-theg'lin), n. Fermented liquor
made of honey and water ; mead.

Me-thinks' (me-thinks'), v. impers. limp. Me-
thought (-that').] It seems or appears to me ;
I think.

Meth'od (mgth'ud), n. Orderly procedure or
arrangement ; mode ; manner ; system ; rule ;
regularity ; process. — Me-th.od'ic (me - th5d '-
ik), Me-thod'ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Arranged in a
convenient or natural manner ; systematic. —
Me-thod'ic-al-ly, adv. — Meth/od-lze (mgth'-
Qd-iz), r. I. To reduce to method ; to regulate.

— Meth/od-iz'er, n.

Meth/O-dist (mgth'o-dist), n. One of a Christian
sect, founded by John Wesley. — Meth/o-dism
(-dTz'm), n. Doctrines and system of the Meth-
odists. — Meth'O-dis'tic (-dls'tTk), a. Resem-
bling the Methodists; rigid; strict.

Meth'od-ize, etc. See under Method, n.

Me-thOUght' (me-that'), in>p. of Methinks.

Me-ton'y-my (nie-t5n'T-m5), n. Figure of speech
in which one word is put for another. — Met'O-
nym'ic ( mgt'6-nTm'Tk ), Met'o-nym'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Used by way of nietonyniy. — Met 0-
nym'lc-al-ly, adv.

Me'tre, n. See Meter (rhythmic arrangement), n.

Met'ric (nigt'rf k), a. Relating to measurement ;
pertaining to the meter, or to the decimal sys-
tem of measurement of which the meter is the
unit. — Met'riC-al (-rT-k<7l), a. Pertaining to
measure or combination of syllables ; consisting
of verses; poetically measured ; employed in,
or obtained by, measurement.

a. e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, £veut, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

METROPOLIS

263

MILAGE

Me-trqp'O-liS (me-troyo-lis), n. Mother city ;
chief city or capital. — Met'ro-pol'i-tan (rugf-
ro-p51'i-tan), a. Belonging to a metropolis.—
n. A bishop who presides over the other bishops
of a province ; an archbishop.

Met'tle (ineVt'l), n. Quality of temperament ; con-
stitutional ardor ; spirit ; disposition. — Met'-
tled (-t'ld), Met'tle-some (-t'l-sum), a. Full of
spirit ; easily excited ; fiery.

Mew (mu), n. A sea gull.

Mew (mu), v. t. [Mewed (mud) ; Mewing.] To
shed ; to cast (feathers) ; to shut up ; to confine
(in a cage, as molting hawks). — v. i. To molt ;
to change ; to put on a new appearance. — n.
A cage for hawks while mewing ; a place of con-
finement ; a place for horses ; a stable.

Mew (mu), v. i. [Mewed (mud) ; Mewing.] To
cry as a cat. — n. The cry of a cat.

Mewl (mul), v. i. [Mewled (muld) ; Mewling.]
To cry, as a child ; to squall.

Mews (muz), n. sing. & pi. Inclosure ; stable.

I Mez'ZO (met'zo), a. Middle ; mean.

Mez'zo-tint (mez'zo-tlnt), Mez'zo-tin'to (-tin'-
to), n. An engraving on copper, in imitation of
painting in India ink.

Ml (me), n. The syllable indicating the third
tone of the musical scale.

Ml'asm (ml'az'm), Mi-as'ma ( mt-az'ma )Xi. ;

. pi. Miasmata (-ma-ta). Infection floating in
the air; noxious effluvia. — Mi-as'mal Ganal),
Ml'as-mat'ic (ml'az-mat'Ik), a. Pertaining to,
or containing, miasma.

Mi'ca (nu'ka), n. A mineral cleaving into elastic
plates of extreme thinness, more or less trans-
parent, and used like glass, in lanterns, doors of
stoves, etc. ; isinglass. — Ml-Ca'ceous (mt-kar-
shiis), a. Pertaining to, or containing, mica ;
splitting into leaves.

Mice (mis), n., pi. of Mouse.

Micb/ael-mas (mik'gl-mas), n. Feast of St. Mich-
ael, September 29th ; autumn.

Mi'crobe ( ml'krob or mlk'rob ), llMi-cro'Dl-on
(mt-kro'bT-on or ml-), n. A microscopic or-
ganism : germ ; disease germ.

Mi'cro-cosm (mi'kro-koz'in or mik'ro-), n. A
little world ; miniature society ; man, as an epit-
ome of the universe or
macrocosm.

Mi-crom'e-ter (mt-kroin'-
e-ter or mi-), n. An in-
strument, used with a
telescope or microscope,
for measuring very small
distances, or the appar-
ent diameters of objects
subtending very small
angles.

Mi'cro-scope ( ml ' kr6 -
skop or mlk'ro-), n. An
optical instrument, for
examining objects too
minute for the naked Microscope, a Eyepiece
eye. — Mi'CrO - SCOp ' ic h Objective ; c Rack and
( - skop ' Ik ), Mi' cro - Pinion for coarse adjust-
•trnti/ir-nl ( 1 Vn\\ n merit of focus :'/ Screw

scop ic-ai I -i-kai ), a. for fl adjustment m
Made by aid of a micro- Mirror . s ^tage.
scope ; capable of see-
ing very minute objects ; visible only by aid of a
microscope. — Mi-CIOS'CO-py ( m t-kr5s'ko-py ),
n. Use of the microscope ; investigations with
the microscope.

Mid (mid), a. \_Compar. wanting ; superl. Mid-
most.] Middle ; intervening. — Mid'day7 (mid'-
da7), n. Middle of the day ; noon. — a. Per-
taining to noon ; meridional.

Mid'dle (nud'd'l), a. Equally distant from the
extremes ; mean ; mid ; intervening. — n. Point
or part equally distant from the extremities ;
midst ; central portion ; waist. — Mid ' dling
(-dling), a. Of middle rank, size, or quality ;
moderate ; mediocre ; ordinary. — Mid'dling-
ly, adv. — Mid'dle-aged' ( -ajd' ), a. Being
about the middle of the ordinary age of man ; be-
tween 30 and 50 years old. — Mid'dle— ground'
(-ground'), n. Part of a picture between tore-
ground and background. — Mid'dle-man (-man),
n. ; pi. Middlemen. Agent between two par-
ties ; broker ; go-between ; man holding a cen-
tral position in a file of soldiers. — Middle-
most' (-most'), a. In, or nearest, the middle ;
midmost.

Midge (niTj), n. A very delicate fly having a short
proboscis and long legs ; also, a small, biting
American fly.

Mid'land (mid'land), a. In the interior country ;
distant from the coast ; mediterranean. — n.
Central region.

Mid'night' (mld'nhV), n. Middle of the night ;
12 o'clock at night. — a. Being in the middle
of the night ; very dark.

Mid'rib' (mTd'rib/), n. The middle rib or vein in
a leaf.

Mld'riff (mid'rif), n. The diaphragm, or
respiratory muscle separating thorax
and abdomen.

Mid'ship'man (mid'ship'man), n. The
lowest grade of officer in a ship of war.

Mid'sMps (mld'ships), adv. In the mid-
dle of a ship ; properly, amidships.

Midst (midst), n. The interior or central
part ; middle. — adv. In the middle.

Mid'sum'mer (mTd'sum'mer), n. The Midrib,
middle of summer ; summer solstice.

Mid'way' (mid'wa'), n. Middle of the way or
distance. — a. & adv. Halfway.

Mid'WLte' (mid'wlf), n. A woman that assists
other women in childbirth. — Mid'wife'ry
(-wif ry or -wif-ry), n. Assistance of women,
in childbirth ; obstetrics.

Mid'Win'ter (mid'wTn'ter), n. Middle of winter ;
the winter solstice ; severe winter weather.

Mien (men), n. External appearance ; look y
air ; demeanor ; deportment ; manner.

Miff (mif), n. Slight resentment ; a tiff. —v. t.
To offend.

Might (mit), imp. of May.

Might (mit), n. Force, or power, of body or
mind ; strength ; ability ; capacity. — Might'y
(mit'y), a. Having great strength : forcible ;
valiant ; wonderful. — adv. Very. [Colloq.~\ — ■
Might'i-ly (mit'T-ly), adv. — Might'i-ness. n.

Mlgn'on-ette' (mTn'yun-et/), n. A plant bear-
ing flowers of delicate fragrance.

Mi'grate (nri'grat), v. i. To change one's resi-
dence ; to pass periodically from a colder to a
warmer climate, etc. — Mi-gra'tion (mt-jrra'-
shun), n. A migrating. — Mi'gra-tO-ry (nil'gra-
to-r^), o. Removing, or accustomed to remove,
from one place to another.

Mi-ka'do ( mT-ka'do ), n. The hereditary sov-
ereign of Japan.

Mil'age, n. See under Mile, n.

\

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MILCH

264

MINARET

Milch (milch), a. Giving milk ; — applied only
to beasts.

Mild (mild), a. Tender and gentle ; bland ; calm ;
soothing ; placid ; merciful ; clement ; mollify-
ing ; lenitive ; assuasive. — Mild'ly, adv. —
Mild'ness, n.

Mil'dew (mil'du), n. A growth of whitish,
powdery fungi on diseased or decaying sub-
stances. — r. /. & i. [Mildewed (-dud) ; Mil-
dewing.] To taint or become tainted with mil-
dew ; to decay.

Mile (mil), n. A measure of distance, of 320
rods, or 5,280 feet. — Milage (mll'aj), Mile'-
age, n. Allowance for traveling, as so much
by the mile. — Mile'post/ (-post'), Milestone'
(-ston'), n. A post or stone set to mark the dis-
tance of a mile.

Mil'i-tant (niil'i-tant), a. Engaged in warfare ;
combating.

Mil'i-ta-ry (mTl'I-ta-rJ), a. Pertaining to sol-
diers, to arms, or to war ; warlike ; becoming a
soldier, —n. Soldiery; the army.

Mil'i-tate (mil'T-tat), v. i. To oppose ; to be hos-
tile or inconsistent ; to fight.

Mi-li'tia (mT-lish'a), n. A body of soldiers in a
state enrolled for discipline, but engaged in
actual service only in emergencies.

Milk (milk), a. White fluid secreted by female
mammals for nourishment of their young ; juice
of certain plants ; emulsion made by bruising
seeds. — v. t. [Milked (milkt) ; Milking.]
To draw milk from. — Milk'er, n. — Milk'y
(-f), a. Made of, resembling, or yielding, milk.

— Milky Way. A luminous zone in the
heavens, supposed to be the blended light of
innumerable stars not distinguishable with
telescopes ; the galaxy. — Milk'i-ness, n. —
Milk'raaid/ (-mad7), n. Woman employed in
the dairy. — Milk'sop' (-sop'), n. Bread sopped
in milk ; a soft, effeminate man.

Mill (mil), n. An imaginary money of account of
the United States, worth one tenth of a cent.

Mill (mil), n. A machine for grinding any sub-
stance, as grain, etc. ; building with machinery,
where manufacturing is carried on ; a fight with
the fists. — v. t. [Milled (mild); Milling.]
To reduce to fine particles ; to grind ; to com-
minute ; to pass through a machine ; to shape or
finish by passing through a machine ; to make
a raised border around the edges of ; to stamp
in a coining press ; to full cloth ; to beat with the
fists. — Mill'er (mil'er), n. One who owns or
tends a mill ; a milling machine ; a moth having
feathers on its wings resembling the dust on a
miller's clothes. — Mill pond. A pond that
supplies water to drive a mill. — Mill race. A
canal conveying water to a mill wheel. — Mill
tail. Water flowing from a mill wheel after hav-
ing turned it ; a channel in which the water flows.

— Mill Wheel. A water wheel that drives the
machinery of a mill. — Mill'dam, n. A dam to
obstruct a water course and raise the water to a
height sufficient to turn a mill wheel. — Mill'-
lng, n. Act or employment of grinding or pass-
ing through a mill ; process of fulling cloth, of
edging coin, of dressing surfaces, etc. — Mile-
stone', n. One of two circular stones used in
grinding grain, etc. — Mill'work', n. Machin-
ery and fittings of a mill ; business of setting up
machinery for a mill. — Mill'wright', n. A
builder of mills or machinery for them.

Millet.

Mil'le-na-ry (mTl'le-na-ry), a. Consisting of a
thousand. — n. Space of a thousand years. —
MiHe-na'ri-an (-na'ri-an), a. Consisting of a
thousand years ; pertaining to the millennium.
—n. One who believes that Christ will reign on
earth a thousand years. — Mil-len'ni-al (-len'-
nl-al), a. Pertaining to the millennium, or to
a thousand years. — Mil-leil'ni-Um (-um), n.
A thousand years-, the thousand years of Christ's
expected reign on earth.

Mil'le-ped (mll'le-ped), n. An insect having many
feet ; a myriapod.

Mil'le-pore (mil'le-por), n. A kind of coral, per-
forated with minute cells. — Mil ' le - po - rite
(-po-rit), n. A fossil millepore.

Mill'er, n. See under Mill, n.

Mil-les'i-mal (mil-les'i-mal), a. Thousandth;
consisting of a thousand parts.

Mil'let (mil'let), n. A cereal or forage grass
bearing numerous small roundish
grains.

HMiHiard' (F. me-'lyar' ; E. mil'll-
ard), n. A thousand millions; a
billion.

llMil'lier' (me'lya'), n. A weight of
the metric system ; one million
grams ; a metric ton.

Mil'li-gram ( mil' II - gram ), Milli-
gramme, n. A metric measure of
weight, being the thousandth part
of a^ran^grfal to .0154 of a grain
avoirdupOTs:

Mil'li-li'ter (lnTl'li-le'ter or mil-lTl'i-ter), Mil'-
li-li'tre, n. A metric measure of capacity, the
thousandth part of a liter, equal to .061 of an
English cubic inch.

Mil'li-me'ter ( mil'lT-me'ter or mTl-lim'e-ter ),
Mil'li-me'tre, n. A metric lineal measure, the
thousandth part of a meter, equal to .03937 of
an inch.

Mil'li-ner (mil'lT-ner), n. A maker of, or dealer
in, women's headdresses, hats, ribbons, etc. —
Mil'li-ner-y (-nSr-y), n. Articles made or sold
by milliners ; business or work of a milliner.

Mil'lion (mil'yun), n. Number of ten hundred
thousand, written 1 ,000,000 ; an indefinitely large
number. — Mil'llon-aire7 (-aV), ». One worth
millions ; a very rich person. — Mil ' lionth
(-yunth), a. Last of a million units ; consti-
tuting one of a million. — n. One of a million
equal parts.

Milestone', Mill tail, etc. See under Mill, a
machine.

Milt (mTlt), n. The spleen.

Milt (mYlt), n. The testes or spermatic glands of
male fish ; soft roe ; sperm of the male fish. —
v. t. To impregnate (roe of female fish).

Mime (mini), n. Farce depicting real characters ;
actor in such representations. — Mi met'ic (mi-
mgtTk), Mi-met'lc-al (-T-k«n, Mim'ic (mlm'-
Yk), a. Inclined to imitate ; imitative. — n.
One who mimics; a servile imitator. — v. t. & i.
To ape ; to mock. — Mim'lck-er, n. — Mim'lc-
ry (-ry), n. Imitation.

Mim'e-0-graph (mTm'e-6-graf), n. A device to
copy writing by means of a stencil.

||Mi-mo'sa (mt-mo'sa), n. A leguminous plant of
many species, including the sensitive plant.

Min'a-ret (mTn'a-rSt), n. A turret on a Moham-
medan mosque, surrounded by balconies, from
which the muezzin summons people to prayer.

a, c, l, u, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, H, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MINATORY

265

MINUS

Mln'a-to-ry (mTn'a-to-ry), a. Threatening ; men-
acing.

Mince (niYns), v. t. [Minced (niinst) ; Mincing
(min'sing).] To cut into very small pieces ; to
hash ; to suppress ; to weaken ; to extenuate ; to
clip (words or expressions). — v. i. To walk with
short steps ; to speak softly, or with affected
nicety. — Mince'meat7 (mins'met'), n. Meat
chopped very fine, often seasoned with fruit and
spices, etc. — Mince pie (pi). A pie made with
mincemeat baked in paste. — Min ' clng - ly
(min'sing-ly), adv. In a mincing manner ; not
fully ; with affected delicacy.

Mind (mind), n. Intellectual or rational faculty in
man ; understanding ; spiritual nature ; state of
the faculties at any given time ; opinion ; judg-
ment ; belief ; desire ; intent ; purpose ; courage ;
spirit ; remembrance ; recollection. — v. I. To
attend to ; to mark ; to note ; to observe ; to
obey. — v. i. To be inclined, or disposed to in-
cline. - Mind'ed , a. Disposed ; inclined. - Mind'-
ful (mind'ful), a. Attentive ; heedful ; observ-
ant. — Mind/fully, adv. — Mind'f nl-ness, n.

Mine (min), a. & pron. Belonging to me ; my.

Mine (min), n. A subterranean cavity, from which
minerals are dug, or a passage formed under a for-
tification and filled with explosives, to desflhoy it ;
source of wealth or other good. — v. i. [Aned
(mind) ; Mining.] To dig a mine or pit ; tojbur-
row in the earth. — v. t. To dig away the foonda-
tion of ; to lay a mine under ; to sap ; to ruin
by slow degrees or secret means. — "mln'er, n.

Min'er-al (min'er-al), n. Any inorganic species
of definite chemical composition ; anything
neither animal nor vegetable. — a. Pertaining
to, consisting of, or impregnated with, minerals.

— Min'er-al-ist (-Tst), n. One versed in miner-
als.— Min' er-al-ize (-iz), v. t. To make mineral ;
to communicate the properties of a mineral
to. —v. i. To observe and collect minerals. —
Min'er-al-iz'er {-Vz%r),n. Substance which min-
eralizes another, or combines with it in an ore.

— Min'er-al'i-za'tlon (mTn/er-al/T-za'shun), n.
Process of mineralizing or impregnating (water,
etc.) with a mineral. — Min'er-al'o-gy (-al'o-
jy), n. Science of minerals. — Min'er-al'O-gist
(-jlst), n. One versed in minerals. — Min'er-al-
Og'ic-al (-oj'T-kal), a. Pertaining to mineralogy.

Min'gle (mTn'g'l), v. t. & i. [Mingled (-g'ld) ;
Mingling (-gling).] To unite in one body ;
to blend ; to mix.

Min'i-a-ture (inTn'T-a-tur or minl-tfir), n. Origi-
nally, a painting in colors ; now, a painting or
representation on a reduced scale ; greatly di-
minished style or form. — a. On a small scale.

Min'im. (uiTn'Tm), n. Anything very minute ;
single drop ; half note
(in music), equal in
time to two quarter
notes, or crotchets. —
Min'i-miz9 (-I-miz),
v. t. To reduce to
the smallest part or proportion possible. —
Min'i-mum (-mum), n. ; pi. Minima (-ma).
Least quantity assignable in a given case ; thing
of small consequence ; a trifle.

Min'ion (mTn'yun), n. A favorite ; one who
gains favors by flattery ; a small kind of printing
type, in size between brevier and nonpareil.

ESS^This line is in minion type.

Min'is-ter (minls-tei), n. A servant ; subordi-
nate ; officer charged with the direction of affairs
of state ; representative of a sovereign or govern-
ment at a foreign court ; one who serves at the
altar ; pastor of a church ; clergyman ; parson ;
priest. — v. t. [Ministered (-terd) ; Minister-
ing.] To furnish ; to afford ; to supply ; to ad-
minister. — r. i. To act as a servant or agent ;
to afford supplies: to officiate; to contribute.

— Min is-te'ri-al (-te'ri-al), a. Pertaining to
ministry, or to the performance of service, or
to the office of a minister ; executive, ambas-
sadorial, or sacerdotal ; official ; clerical; priest-
ly ; ecclesiastical. — Min'is-te'ri-al-ly, adv. —
Min'is-trant (mTn'Ts-tront ), a. Performing
service as a minister ; acting under command.

— Min'is-try (-try), n. A ministering ; minis-
tration ; functions of a minister ; body of min-
isters ; clergy ; ministers of state ; business ;
employment. — Min'is-tra'tion (-tra'shun), n.

A performing service as a subordinate agent; ^
ministry ; agency ; ecclesiastical function.
Mink (mink), n. A carnivorous quadruped of the
weasel kind, yielding valuable fur.

Mink.

Min'now (min'no), n. A very small fish, of sev-
eral species.

Mi'nor (mi'ner), a. Inferior in bulk, degree, im-
portance, etc. ; less ; smaller ; in music, lower
by a semitone. — n. One under legal age; in
England and the United States, one not yet
twenty-one years of age. — Mi-nor'i-ty (niT-
n5r1-ty), n. State of being a minor, or under
I age ; the smaller number.

Min'o-taur (min'o-tar), n. A mythological mou-
I ster, half man and half bull.

Minister (mm'ster), n. A church of a monas-
| tery ; a cathedral church.

Min'Strel (mtn'strgl), n. A bard ; a singer and
harper. — Min'strel-sy (-sy), n. Art and occu-
pation of minstrels ; collective body of minstrels
or of songs.

Mint (mint), n. An aromatic plant, yielding odor-
iferous essential oil.

Mint (mint), n. A place where money is coined ;
an unlimited supply. — r. t. To stamp (money ) ;
to coin ; to invent ; to fabricate ; to fashion. —
Mint/er, n. — Mint'age ( mtnt'Sj ), n. That
which is minted or coined ; duty paid to the
mint for coining.

Min'U-end (mTn'u-end), n. A number from which
another is to be subtracted.

Min'n-et (mTn'u-St), n. A slow, graceful dance ;
a tune to regulate this dance.

Mi'nus (mi'nus), a. Less; requiring to be sub-
tracted ; negative.

fern, recent, 6rb, r^jde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MINUTE

266

MISCOUNT

Mi-nute' (mT-nuf), a. Very small, little, or
slender ; attentive to small things ; critical ;
exact ; circumstantial ; detailed. — Mi-nute'ly,
adv. — Mi-nute'ness, «■— HMi-nu'ti-ae (-nu'-
shT-e), n. pi. Minute particulars ; smallest de-
tails.

Min'ute (minlt), n. Sixtieth part of an hour
(abbr. m.)orof a degree (marked [']) ; moment ;
memorandum; record.— v. t. To make a note of ;
to jot down. — Min'ute-ly, adv. Every minute ;
in rapid succession. — Minute book. A book
of short hints or memoranda. — Minute glass.
A glass containing sand which measures a min-
ute in running out. — Minute gun. A gun dis-
charged every minute, as a signal of distress or
mourning. — Minute hand. Hand of a clock
or watch pointing to the minutes on the dial.

Mi-nu'ti-ae, n. pi. See under Minute, a.

Minx (minks), n. A pert girl.

Mil'a-cle (mir'a-k'l), n. A wonder ; a wonderful
thing ; an event contrary to the established
course of things ; a supernatural event ; a dra-
matic representation of the lives of the saints.

— Mi-rac'U-lOUS (mT-rak'u-liis), a. Wonderful.

— Mi-rac'u-lous-ly, adv.

Mi'rage7 (me'razh'), n. An optical illusion, at sea
or in deserts,
whereby une-
qual refraction
of light causes
remote objects
to be seen dou-
ble, or appear
suspended in
the air.

Mire (mir), n.

Deep mud. — ...

v. t [Mired Mu&^

(mlrd) ; Miring.] To plunge and fix in mire ;

to soil with mud. — Mir'y (mir'y), a. Full, or

consisting, of mud. — Mir'i-ness, n.

Mirk (merk), a. Dark ; murky. — n. Darkness ;
gloom. — Mirk'y (nierk'y), a. Dark ; obscure.

Mir'ror (mir'rer), n. A looking-glass ; a pattern ;
an exemplar. — v. t. [Mirrored (-rerd) ; Mir-
roring.] To reflect.

Mirth, (merth), n. Noisy gayety ; joyousness ;
fun; hilarity; jollity. — Mirth'ful (merth'ful),
a. Full of mirth ; jovial ; festive. — Mirth'-
ful-ly, adv. — Mirth'ful-ness, n. — Mixth'less,
n. Without mirth ; glum. — Mirth'less-ness, n.

Mir'y, a. See under Mire, n.

Mir'za (mer'za ; Per. mer'za), n. Style of honor
in Persia, prefixed to a surname. When ap-
pended to a name, it signifies prince.

Mis ad-ven'ture (mis'Sd-vgn'tur), n. An unlucky
accident; a mishap ; disaster; calamity.

Mis'al-ll'ance (mis/51-li'<7ns), n. Improper as-
sociation ; degrading connection by marriage.

Mis'an-thrope (mts'Sn-throp), Mis-an'thro-pist
(inTs-an'thro-pTst), n. A hater of mankind. —
Mis-an'thro-py (-pj), n. Dislike to mankind.
— Mis'an-throp'ic (inTs'5n-thr5p'Tk), Misan-
throp'ic-al (-T-kerl), a. Hating mankind.

Mis'ap-ply' ( niis'Sp-pH'), r. t. [Misapplied
(-nlid') ; Misapplying.] To apply wrongly. —
Mis-ap'pli-ca'tion, n. A wrong application.

Mis-apprehend' (mTs-5p'pre-hgnd'), v. t. To
take in a wrong sense ; to misunderstand. —
Mis ap'pre hen'sion (-hSn'shun), n. Miscon-
ception ; mistake.

MiS'ap-pro'pri-ate (mis'ap-pro'prT-at), v. t. To
appropriate or use wrongly or fraudulently. —
Mis'ap-pro'pri-a'tion (-a 'shim), n. Wrong
appropriation ; wrongful use.

MiS'be-gOt'ten (niis'be-got't'n), a. Unlawfully
begotten ; pernicious.

Mis'be-have' (mis'be-hav'), v. i. [Misbehaved
(-havd') ; Misbehaving.] To behave ill ; to con-
duct one's self improperly. — MiS'be-hav'ior
(-hav'ver), n. Improper or uncivil behavior.

Mis'be-lief (mis'be-lef), n. Erroneous belief ;
false religion. — Mis'be-liev'er (-lev'er), n.
One who holds a false religion.

MiS-carcu-late (mis-kal'ku-lat), v. t. To calcu-
late erroneously ; to mistake in judging. — Mis-
cal cu-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Erroneous calcu-
lation ; a false judgment.

Mis-call' (mis-kal'), v. I. [Miscalled (-kald') ;
Miscalling.] To call by a wrong name ; to
abuse.

Mis-car'ry (mis-kaVry), v. i. [Miscarried (-rid) ;
Miscarrying.] To fail of success ; to have an
abortion. — Mis-car'riage (-rij), n. Unfor-
tunate event of an undertaking ; failure ; im-
proper behavior ; premature birth.

Mis'cel-la-ny (mTs'sel-la-ny), n. ; pi. Miscella-
nies (-niz). A mass or mixture of various kinds ;
medley ; collection of compositions on various
subjects. — Mis'cel-la'ne-OUS (-la'ne-iis), a.
Mixed , mingled ; consisting of several kinds.

— Mis'cel-la'ne-ous-ly, adv. — Mis'cel-la'ne-
ous-ness, n.

Mis-Chance' (mis-chans'), n. Ill luck ; misfor-
tune ; disaster. — V. i. To happen amiss.

Mis-Charge7 (niTs-charj'), v. t. To mistake in
charging. — n. Mistake (in an account).

Mis'chiei (mis'chif), n. Evil, whether intended
or not ; damage ; harm. — Mis'chief-mak er,
(-mak'er), n. One who makes mischief. — Mis'-
chief-mak ing, a. Causing harm or mischief.

— n. Act or practice of inciting quarrels, etc.

— Mis'chie-VOUS (-che-viis), a. Making mis-
chief ; injurious ; noxious ; destructive. — Mis'-
chie-vous-ly, adv. — ■ Mis'chie-vous-ness, n.

Mis-choose' (inis-chooz'), v. t. [imp. Mischose
(-choz') ; p. p. Mischosen (-cho'z'n) ; p. pr.
Mischoosing.] To choose wrongly.

Mis-Cite' (mis-sit'), v. I. To cite erroneously or
inappropriately. — Mis ci-ta'tion (mTs'si-ta'-
shiin), n. Erroneous quotation.

Mis'con-ceive' (mTs'kon-seV), v. t. & i. [Miscon-
ceived (-sevd') ; Misconceiving.] To conceive
or interpret wrongly ; to misapprehend ; to mis-
take. — Mis'COn-cep'tion (-sgp'shun), n. Erro-
neous conception ; false opinion ; misunder-
standing.

Mis-COn'dUCt ( mYs-kon'dGkt ), n. Wrong con-
duct ; ill behavior ; mismanagement ; misdeed ;
delinquency ; offense. — Mis'con-duct' (mts'-
k5n-dukt'), v. I. & i. To conduct amiss ; to mis-
manage.

Mis' con-] ec'ture (mTs'kon-jSk'tur), n. Wrong
conjecture, —r. t. & i. To guess wrongly.

Mis'COn-StTUC'tion (mts'kSn-struk'shun), n. Er-
roneous construction ; wrong interpretation.

Mis-COn'Strue ( mTs-kon'stnO, t>. t. [Miscon-
struf.d (-kSn'strijd) ; Misconstruing.] To con-
strue or interpret erroneously.

Mis-COUnt' (nns-kounf), r. t. & i. To mistake
in counting. — n. Erroneous counting or num-
bering.

a, o, I, o, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; sen&te, event, Idea, obey, tlnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

MISCREANT

267

MISSIONARY

Mis'cre-ant (mis'kre-aut), n. An infidel ; a mis-
believer ; a vile wretch ; an unprincipled fellow.

— a. Unscrupulous ; rascally.

Mis-date' (mis-daf), n. A wrong date. — v. t. To

date erroneously.
Mis-deed' (mTs-ded'), n. An evil action ; fault ;

transgression ; crime.
Mis'de-mean' (mTs'de-men'), v. t. To behave ill.

— Mis'de-mean'or (-men'er), n. Ill behavior ;
evil conduct ; a crime less than a felony.

Mis'di-rect' (niTs'dT-rekt'), v. t. To give a wrong
direction to ; to direct to a wrong person or
place ; to send astray. — Mis'di-rec'tion (-rgk'-
shun), n. A directing wrongly ; error of a judge
in charging the jury.

Mis-do' (mis-dob'), v. t. & i. [imp. Misdid (-did') ;
p. p. Misdone (-dun') ; p. pr. Misdoing.] To
do wrongly ; to commit a fault or crime. — MlS-
do'er (-dob'er), n. — Mis-do'ing, n. Wrong
done ; fault ; offense.

Mis'em-ploy' (mTs'gm-ploi'), v. t. To employ to
no purpose, or to a bad purpose ; to use amiss.

— MiS'em-ploy'ment (-ploi'ment), n. Ill em-
ployment.

Mi'ser (mi'zer), n. A covetous person; a nig-
gard. — Mi'ser-ly (-ly), a. Sordid ; niggardly ;
stingy ; mean.

Mis'er-y (miz'er-y), n. ; pi. Miseries (inTz'er-iz).
Great unhappiness ; extreme pain ; torture ;
agony ; distress ; calamity; misfortune. — Mis'-
er-a-Dle (-a-b'l), a. In a state of misery or dis-
tress ; causing misery ; worthless ; despicable ;
forlorn; wretched. — Mis'er-a-bly, adv.

Mis-fit' (mis-f it'), n. A bad fit.

Mis-for'tune (uiTs-f6r'tun), n. Ill fortune; ill
luck ; calamity ; mishap ; harm ; disaster.

Mis-give' (mTs-gTV), v. t. [imp. Misgave (-gav') ;
p. p. Misgiven (-giv''n) ; p. pr. Misgiving.] To
fill with doubt ; to deprive of confidence ; to fail.

— Mis-giVing (-giving), n. Distrust.
MiS-gOt'ten (mis-got't'n), a. Unjustly obtained.
Mis-gOV'em (mTs-guv'ern), v. t. To govern ill.

— Mis-gOV'em-ment, n. Ill administration of
affairs ; disorder.

Mis-gUide' (mis-gid'), v. t. To direct ill; to
lead into error. — Mis-guid'ance (-gid'ans), n.
Wrong direction or guidance.

MiS-hap' (mis-hap'), n. Accident ; ill luck ; mis-
chance ; disaster.

MiS'im-prove' (mis'Tm-probv'), v. t. To use for
a bad purpose ; to abuse ; to misuse. — Mis'im-
prove'ment, n. Ill use or employment.

MiS'in-form' (mis/Tn-f8rui'), v. t. To give erro-
neous information to. — Mis'in-iorm'er, n. —
Mis-in'for-ma'tion ( mls-Tn'f or-ina'shun ), n.
Wrong information.

Mis'in-struct' (mls'Tn-strukt'), v. t. To instruct
amiss.

MiS'in-ter'pret (mis'in-ter'pret), v . t. To inter-
pret erroneously; to understand or explain
amiss. — Mis'in-ter'pre-ta'tion ( -ter'pre-ta'-
8hiin), n. Mistaken interpretation.

Mis-judge' (nus-juj'), v. t. & i. To judge erro-
neously or unjustly ; to misconstrue. — Mis-
Judg'ment (m!s-juj'ment), n. Wrong or unjust
determination.

Mis-lay' (mis-la'), v. t. [Mislaid (-lad') ; Mis-
laying.] To lay in a wrong place, or in a place
not recollected ; to lose.

Mi'sle (miz''l), v. i. To rain in fine drops. —
A fine rain ; a thick mist.

Mis-lead' (mis-led'), v. t. [Misled (-Igd') ; Mis-
leading.] To lead into a wrong way or into
error ; to lead astray ; to deceive ; to delude.

Mis'le-toe, n. See Mistletoe.

Mis-man'age (mis-man'aj), v. i. & t. To man-
age ill ; to administer improperly. — MiS-man'-
age-ment (-ment), n. Improper management.

Mis-match' (mis-mach'), v. t. To match unsuit-
ably.

Mis-name' (mis-nam'), v. t. To call by the wrong

name.
i Mis-no'mer (mis-no'mer), n. A wrong or inap-
plicable name or title.

Mi-SOg'a-my (mT-sog'a-my), n. Hatred of mar-
riage. — Mi-SOg'a-miSt (-mist), n. A hater of
marriage.

Mi-SOg'y-ny (mT-soj'T-ny), n. Hatred of the fe-
male sex. — Mi-SOg'y-nist (-nist), n. A woman-
hater.

Mis-pell', Mis-pend', etc. See Misspell, Mis-
spend, etc.

Mis-place' (mis-plas'), v . t. To put in a wrong
place. — Mis-place'ment, n. A putting in the
wrong place ; state of being misplaced.

MiS-print' (mis-prinf), v. t. To print wrongly.

— n. Mistake or error in printing.
Mis-pri'sion (mTs-prTzh'un), n. Neglect or con-
tempt ; as, misprision of treason or felony is a
neglect to reveal it to the proper authority.

Mis'pro-nounce' (miVpro-nouns'), v. t. & i. To
pronounce incorrectly. — MiS'pro-nun'ci-a'tion
(-nun'sT-a'shim or -nun'shi-), n. Wrong pro-
nunciation.

Mis-quote' (mis-kwof), v. t. To quote incor-
rectly. — Mis'quo-ta'tion ( mTs'kwo-ta'shun ),
n.. Erroneous quotation.

Mis're-port' (mis/re-porf), v. t. & i. To report
erroneously. —to. Erroneous report; false ac-
count.

Mis-rep're-sent' (mis-rep're-zgnt'), v. t. &i. To
represent falsely or incorrectly. — Mis-rep're-
sen-ta'tlon (-zgn-ta'shiin), n. A giving a false
representation ; an incorrect account given.

Mis:rule' (mis-rul'), v. t. & i. To rule badly ; to
misgovern. — n. Disorder ; confusion ; insub-
ordination ; unjust domination.

Miss (mis), n. Young woman or girl ; — a title
prefixed to the name of an unmarried woman.

MiSS (mis), v. t. [Missed (mist) ; Missing.] To
fail to hit, reach, or find ; to do without ; to
forego ; to omit ; to discover the absence or feel
the want of. — v. i. To fail to hit, obtain, learn,
or find ; to mistake ; to err. — n. Loss ; error.

Mis'sal (mis'sol), n. Roman Catholic mass book.

— a. Pertaining to the Mass.
Mis'sel-toe, n. See Mistletoe.

Mis-send' (mis-sgnd'), v. t. To send amiss or in-
correctly.

Mis-Shape' (mis-shap'), v. t. To shape ill ; to de-
form. — Mis-shap'en (-shap"n), a. Having a
bad shape ; deformed.

Mis'sile (mis'sil), a. Capable of being thrown.

— n. A weapon to be thrown, as a lance, arrow,
or bullet.

Mis'Sion (mish'un), n. Act of sending, or state
of being sent ; commission ; errand ; duty on
which one is sent ; persons sent ; delegation ;
embassy ; station, residence, or organization of
missionaries. — Mis'sion-a-ry (-a-ry), n. One
sent upon a mission ; esp., one sent to propagate
religion, —a. Pertaining to missions.

n. A fine rain ; a thick mist. religion, —a. Pertaining to missions.

f@rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MISSIVE

268

MOCKING BIRD

Mis'sive (mis'siv), a. Intended to be sent, or to
be thrown or hurled ; missile. — ft. A thing
sent ; a message ; a letter.

Mis-spell' (mTs-spel'), v. t. & i. [Misspelled
(-speld') or Misspelt (-spelt') ; Misspelling.]
To spell wrongly ; to write with wrong letters.

— Mis - spell ' ing, ft. Wrong spelling ; false
orthography.

Mis-spend' (mis-spend'), v. t. [Misspent ; Mis-
spending.] To spend amiss ; to squander.

Mis-State' (mTs-staf), v. t. To state wrongly ; to
falsify. — Mis-State'ment, ft. Incorrect state-
ment.

Mist (mist), n. Rain in very fine drops ; fog ;
anything which dims or darkens. — v. t. To
cloud. — v. i. To rain in very fine drops. —
Mist'y (mist'y), a. Overspread or obscured by
mist ; clouded ;_dim. — MiSt'i-ness, ft.

MiS-take' (inis-tak'), v. t. & i. limp. & p. p.
Mistook (-took') ; p. p. Mistaken (-tak''n) ;
p.pr. Mistaking.] To misunderstand; to err
in opinion or judgment. — n. A taking or ap-
prehending wrongly ; fault in opinion or con-
duct ; blunder ; error. — Mis-tak'en (-tak"n),
p. a. ' Guilty of a mistake ; in error ; erroneous ;
incorrect ; wrong. — Mis-tak'en-ly, adv.

Mis'ter (inTs'ter), n. Sir ; master ; — title of any
adult male, generally written Mr.

Mis-time' (mis-tlm'), v. t. &i. To time wrongly.

Mist'i-ness, n. See under Mist, n.

Mis'tle (imz"l), v. i. To fall in very fine drops,
as rain.

Mis'tle-toe (miz"l-to), Mis'le-toe, Mis'sel-toe,
n. A parasitic evergreen plant, bearing a glu-
tinous fruit.

Mis'trans-late' (mis'trans-laf), v. t. To trans-
late erroneously. — Mis trans -la'tion (-la'-
shun), n. Erroneous translation.

Mis'tress (mis'tres), ft. A woman who exercises
authority ; female head of a family, school,
etc. ; woman well skilled in anything ; Madam ;

— a title now superseded by the contracted form
Mrs. , pronounced mis'sis.

Mis-trust' (mis-trust'), ft. Want of confidence or
trust; suspicion. — 1\ t. To regard with jeal-
ousy or suspicion ; to doubt ; to surmise. — Mis-
trust'f ill (-ful), a. Suspicious ; wanting confi-
dence. — Mis-trust'ful-ly, adv.

Mist'y, a. See under Mist, n.

Mis-UB/der-Stand' (inls-un'der-stand'), v. t. & i.
To misconceive ; to mistake ; to take in a wrong
sense. — Mis-un'der-Stand'ing, ft. Mistake of
meaning ; an error ; a misconception ; disagree-
ment ; a slight quarrel.

Mis-use' (mls-uz'), v. t. To treat or use improp-
erly ; to maltreat ; to abuse ; to misapply. —
Mis-use' (-us'), n. Wrong use ; misapplication ;
abuse. — MlS-US'age ( -uz'aj ), ft. Ill usage ;
abuse.

Mite (mit), n. Anything very small ; a minute
spider, of several varieties ; a very small piece
of money ; a small weight. — Mit'y (mit'y), a.
Having, or abounding with, mites.

Mi'ter (mi'ter), Mi'tre, ft. A covering worn on
the head by bishops, cardinals, etc. ; joint formed
by the ends of two pieces cut off at an angle. —
v. i. [Mitered ( -terd ) or Mitred ; Mitering
(-ter-Ing) or Mitring (-trlng).] To meet and
match together, as two pieces of molding. —
v. I. To adorn with a miter ; to unite at an
angle of 45°.

Mit'i-gate (mlt'I-gat), v. t. To alleviate ; to make
less rigorous ; to temper ; to assuage. — Mit'i-
ga'tor (-ga'ter), n. — Mit'i-ga-ble (-ga-b'l), a.
Capable of being alleviated. — Mit'i-gani
(-gant), a. Tending to mitigate ; lenitive. —
Mit i-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A mitigating ; alle-
viation ; relief. — Mit'i-ga-tive (mif T-?a-tTv),
a. Tending to mitigate ; relieving ; lenitive.

HMi'tra'illeuse' (me'tra/yez'), 11. A breech-load-
ing machine gun of many barrels, which may be
fired at once or in quick succession. — HMi'tra'-
illeur' (-yer'), n. One who serves a mitra-
illeuse.

Mi'tre, n. & v. See Miter.

Mitt (mit), n. A mitten ; a thin, fin^erless cover
for wrist and hand. — Mit'ten (nnt'ten), n. A
cover for the hand, without separated fingers.

HMit'ti-mus (mit'tT-mus), n. A warrant of com-
mitment to prison ; a writ for removing records
from one court to another.

Mit'y (mit'y), a. See under Mite, n.

Mix (miks), v. t. & i. [Mixed (mikst) (less prop-
erly Mixt) ; Mixing.] To unite ; to blend ; to
join. — Mix'er, n. — Mix'ture (mlks'tur), n. A
mixing ; matter mixed or mingled ; mass ; ad-
mixture ; intermixture ; medley.

Miz'zen (miz'z'n), «. Hindmost ; at the stern.
Hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails of a
/spanker sail. — Miz'zen-mast
The hindmost mast of a three-
1.

Miz'zle (ffliz'z'l), v. i. [Mizzled (-z'ld) ; Miz-
zling (-zling).] To rain in very fine drops ; to
take one's self off ; to go \_Colloq.]. — n. Mist ;
fine rain.

Mne-mon'ic (ne-m5n'Tk), Mne-mon'ic-al (-T-
kfll), a. Assisting the memory. — Mne-mon'-
iCS (-Iks), n. A system of rules to assist the
memory.

Moan (mon), v. t. & i. [Moaned (mond) ; Moan-
ing.] To bewail ; to lament ; to deplore. — n.
Audible expression of sorrow or suffering ;
lamentation ; a low, dull sound.

Moat (mot), n. A trench round a fortified place ,
a ditch. — v. t. To defend with a ditch.

Mob (mob), n. A disorderly crowd ; riotous as-
semblage ; rabble. — r. t. [Mobbed (mSbd) ;
Mobbing.] To crowd upon and attack.

Mo'blle (mo'bil), a. Capable of being moved
or excited ; movable ; fluid ; excitable ; fickle.
— Mo-bil'i-ty (mS-bil'i-t^), n. Quality of being
mobile ; susceptibility of being aroused, excited,
etc. ; readiness to move ; fickleness. — Mob'i-
lize (mSb'T-liz), v. t. To make (an army, etc.)
ready for active service. — Mob'i-li-za'tion
(-lT-za'shun), n. A mobilizing.

Moc'ca-Sin (mSk'ka-sTn), n. An Indian shoe,
made of soft leather, without a sole ; a poisonous
snake of the Southern United States.

Mo'cha (mo'ka), n. Coffee from the Arabian
seaport Mocha, on the Red Sea.

Mock (m5k), v. t. & i. [Mocked (m5kt) ; Mock-
ing.] To imitate in derision ; to ridicule ; to tan-
talize ; to disappoint. — ft. Ridicule ; sneer ;
mockery. — a. Imitating reality, but not real ;
false.— Mock'er, n. — Mock'er-y (mok'er-^), n.
A mocking or deriding; sportive insult ; ridicule;
subject of laughter; sport; vain imitation or
effort. — Mocking bird. A North American
singing bird remarkable for its exact imitations
of the notes of other birds.

a, o, I, o, u, long j a, 6, 1, 6, a, y, short ; ueuate, event, Idea, 6bey, ftuite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MODE

269

MOLE

Mode (mod), n. Manner of existing or being
prevailing custom ; manner of action or being,
as expressed by change of form in inflecting a
verb. — Mo'dal (ino'dal), a. Pertaining to a
mode or mood ; consisting in mode or form only

— Mo'dal-ly, adv. — Mo-dal'i-ty(mo-dal'i-ty),
n. Quality of being modal, or in form only.

Mod'el (mod'el), n. Thing to be imitated ; stand
ard ; pattern ; example ; representation ; lac
simile ; representation of a structure on a re
duced scala. — v. t. [Modeled (-eld) or Mod
elled; Modeling or Modelling.] To form
after a pattern ; to propose a model for. — i
To make a pattern from which some work is to
be executed. — Mod'el-er, Mod'el-ler, n

Mod'er-ate ( mod'er-at ), a. Kept within due
bounds ; observing reasonable limits ; not ex-
cessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous ; re-
strained. — Mod' er-ate (-at), v. t. To restrain
from excess of any kind ; to keep within bounds ;
to lessen ; to allay ; to temper ; to qualify. — v. t.
To become less violent or intense ; to abate ; to
lessen ; to quiet. — Mod'er-ate-ly (-at-ly), adv.
— JYIod'er-ate-ness, n. — Moder-a'tion (-a'-
8hiin), n. A. moderating or imposing due re-
straint ; state or quality of being moderate ;
equanimity. — Mod'er-a'tor (m5d'er-a7ter), n.
One who, or that which, moderates or restrains ;
presiding officer of an assembly ; mechanical
arrangement to regulate motion in a machine.

Mod'ern (mod'ern), a. Pertaining to the present
time, or time not long past ; recent ; new ; novel ;
late. — n. A person of modern times. — Mod'-
em-ism (-iz'm), n. Modern practice ; thing of
recent date ; origin not remote. — Mod'ern-ize
(-Iz), v. t. & i. To conform to present usage.

Mod'est (mod'gst), a. Restrained within due
limits of propriety or decency ; reserved ; dif-
fident ; bashful ; coy ; shy ; chaste ; virtuous.

— Mod'est-ly, adv. — Mod'es-ty (-gs-ty), n.
Quality of being modest.

Mod'i-cum ( inod'i-kuin ), n. A little ; a small
quantity.

Mod'i-fy ( uiod'T-ii ), v. t. [Modified (-fid) ;
Modifying.] To change the form or qualities
of ; to give new form to ; to vary. — Mod'i-Ii'er,
n. — Mod'i-f i'a-ble (-f i'a-b'l), a. Admitting of
being modified. — Mod'i-fi-ca'tion ( -f T-ka'-
shun), n. A modifying; particular form or
manner ; modified condition.

Mod'ish (mod'ish), a. According to the mode
or extreme f asliion ; fashionable. — Mod'ish-ly,
adv. — Mod'ish-ness, n. — Mod'ist (-Tst), n.
One who follows the fashion. — l|Mo/dister (mo'-
dest'), n. A woman who makes or deals in ar-
ticles of dress.

Mod'U-late (mod'u-lat), v. t. To form (sound) to
a certain key, or to a certain proportion ; to vary
or inflect in a natural or musical manner. — v. i.
To pass from one musical key into another. —
Mod'u-la'tor, n. — Mod'u-la'tion (mod'u-ia'-
shun), n. A modulating; melody; change from
one key to another.

Mo-gul' (m6-gul'),n. A person of Mongolian race ;
a heavy freight locomotive. — Grand or Great
Mogul. The emperor of Delhi ; an important
personage.

Mo'hair (mo'har), n. Silky hair of the Angora
goat ; a fabric made from, or in imitation of, this
material.

Mo-ham'med-an (mo-harn'mgd-an), a. Pertain

ing to Mohammed or Mahomet, or to the religion
or institutions founded by him. — n. A follow-
er of Mohammed. — Mo - ham ' med - an - ism
( -Tz'm ), Mo-ham'med-ism, n. Religion or
doctrines of Mohammed, contained in the Ko-
ran ; Islamism. [Written also Mahometan, Ma-
homedan, Muhammadun, etc.]

Moi'e-ty (inoi'e-ty), n. ; pi. Moieties (-tSz). One
of two equal parts ; the half.

Moil (moil), v. t. [Moiled (moild) ; Moiling.]
To daub ; to soil ; to defile. — v. i. To work
with painful effort ; to toil ; to drudge. — n.
Defilement ; spot.

Moist (moist), a. Moderately wet ; damp ; hu-
mid. — Moist'ness, n. — Moist' en (mois"n), v.
t. [Moistened (-'nd) ; Moistening.] To make
damp ; to wet slightly ; to soften. — Mois'ture
(mois'tur), n. Moderate wetness; whatever
makes damp or wet.

Mo'lar (mo'ler), a. Having power to grind;
grinding. — n. A grinding tooth ; a double tooth.
— Mo'la-ry (-la-ry;, a. Molar.

Mo-las'ses (mo-las'sez), n. Viscid, uncrystalliz-
able sirup which drains from sugar ; treacle.

Mold (mold), Mould, n. Fine, soft earth, or
earth easily pulverized ; matter of which any-
thing is formed. — v. t. To cover with mold or
soil.

Mold (mold), Mould, n. Growth of minute fun-
gi on bodies that lie long in warm and damp
air. — v. I. & i. To render or become moldy. —
Mold'y (mold'y), Mould'y, a. Overgrown with,
or containing, mold. — Mold'i-ness, Mould'l-
ness, n._

Mold (mold), Mould, n. Matrix in which any-
thing is cast ; anything which regulates the
size, form, etc. ; cast; shape ; character. — v. t.
To form into a particular shape ; to model ; to
fashion. — Mold'er, Mould'er, n. — Mold'a-ble
(mold'a-b'l), Mould'a-ble, a. Capable of being
molded or formed. — Mold'ing, Mould'ing, n.
A thing cast in a mold ; an architectural trim-
ming, sunk or projecting.

Mold'er (mold'er), Mould'er, v. i. & t. To become
mold ; to turn to dust
by natural decay; to
crumble; to perish; to
waste away gradually.

Mold'i-ness, Mould'i-
ness, n. See under
Mold, fine earth.

Mold'ing, Mould'ing,
n. See under Mold,
matrix.

Mold'y, Mould'y, a.
See under
growth of fungi.

Mole (mol), n. Spot,

mark or (small nrnfn Apophyges i g Ovolo, Or

mark, or small protu- Quarter Round: /, To_
berance on the human rus ; i Reeding ; j Band,
body.

Mole (mol), n. Mass of fleshy matter generated
in the uterus.

Mole (mol), n. Mound or
massive work of stones
laid in the sea, defend-
ing a port from violence
of waves ; a harbor.

Mole (mol), n. Small in-
sect-eating, burrowing quadruped, with minute
eyes and very soft fur ; a plow for forming un-

Moldings.
Mold, a Astragal ; b Ogee ; c Cy-
matium ; d Cavetto ; e

Scotia,

Casement ; ./

Mole.

mo-nanrmea-an (mo-ham'med-an), a. Certain- eyes and very soft fur ; a plow for form
fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, am, food, fdbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

MOLECAST

270

MONKEY WRENCH

derground drains, —v. t. To form holes in ; to
burrow ; to excavate. — Mole'cast' (mol'kast'),
Mole'hill' (-hiV),n. Hillock of earth thrown
up by moles working under ground ; insignifi-
cant obstacle. — Mole'skin' ( skin'), n. Cloth
having a thick soft shag, like a mole's skin ;
twilled fustian.

Mol'e-cule (mol'e-kul), n. One of the very small
invisible particles supposed to constitute matter
of any kind. — Mo-lec'U-lar (mo-lek'u-ler), a.
Belonging to, or consisting of, molecules.

Mole'hill/, Mole'Skin/. See under Mole, a small
quadruped.

Mo-lest/ (mo-lesf), v. t. To trouble ; to disturb ;
to annoy; to vex, to tease. — Mo-lest'er. n. —
Mol'es-ta'tion (mode's- or mo'les-ta'shiin), n.
A molesting ; disturbance ; annoyance.

Mol'li-fy (mol'lT-fi), v. t. [Mollified (-fid) ; Mol-
lifying.] To make soft or tender ; to assuage
(pain or irritation) ; to appease (excited feeling
or passion) ; to pacify. — Mol'li-li/er (-ii'er), n.
— Mol'lient (mol'yent or -li-eut),a. Serving to
soften ; assuaging ; emollient. — Mol ' li - f i ' a -
ble (-lT-fi'a-b'l), a. Capable of being mollified.

— MoHi-fi-ca'tion (-f I-ka'shun), n. A mollify-
ing ; mitigation.

Mol'lusk (mol'lusk), n. An invertebrate animal,
having a soft, fleshy body, which is inarticulate,
and not radiate internally. — Mol-lus'can (-1QV-
kan), n. A mollusk. — Mol-lus'can, Mol-lus'-
COUS (-kus), a. Pertaining to, or having prop-
erties of, the mollusks.

Molt (molt), Moult, v. i. & t. To shed or cast
(hair, feathers, skin, horns, etc.).

Molt/en (mol't'n), a. &p. p. of Melt, v. t. Melt-
ed ; made of melted metal.

Mo'ment (mo'ment), n. Minute portion of time ;
instant ; impulsive power ; momentum ; impor-
tance in influence or effect ; deciding fact or
consideration. — Mo'men-ta-ry (-men-ta-ry), a.
Done in a moment ; continuing only a moment.

— Mo'men-ta-ri-ly, adv. — Mo'men-ta-ri-ness,
n. — Mo'ment-ly, adv. For or in a moment ;
every moment. — Mo-men'tOUS (mo-mgn'tus),
a. Of moment or consequence ; important ;
weighty. — Mo-men'tous-ly, adv. — Mo-men'-
tous-ness,». — Mo-men'tum (turn), n. ; pi. L.
Momenta (-ta), E. Momentums (-tiiniz). Quan-
tity of motion in a moving body ; impetus.

Mon'a-Chism (mon'a-kiz'm), 11. Monastic life.

Mon'ad (mon'ad), n. An ultimate atom ; sim-
plest kind of minute animalcule. — Mo-nad'ic
(m6-naM'Tk), Mo-nad'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Relating
to, or of the nature of, monads.

Mon'arch (mon'ark), n. A sole ruler ; an auto-
crat ; a sovereign, emperor, king, prince, or
chief. — Mo-nar'chal (nio-nar'kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, or suiting, a monarch ; sovereign ; regal ;

imperial. — Mo-nar'chi-al ( -n'ar'kwrt ), Mo-
narchic (niir'kTk), Mo-nar'chic-al (kt-k^i),
a. Vested in a single ruler ; pertaining to
monarchy or a monarch. — Mon ' arch - ism
(m5n'aik-Tz'm)), ». Principles of monarchy. —
Mon'arch-ist, n. Advocate of monarchy. —
Mon'arch-y (-y), n. ; pi. Monarchies ( -Tz ).
Government in which a monarch lias supreme
power ; territory ruled by a monarch ; kingdom ;
empire.
Mon'as-ter-y (mon'Xs-tgr-y), n. ; pi. Monaster-
ies (-Tz). House of religious retirement, espe-
cially for monks ; convent ; abbey ; priory. —

Mon'as-te'ri-al (-te'rT-al). a. Pertaining to a
monastery. — Mo-nas'tic (mo-naVtik), n. A
monk. — Mo-nas'tic, Mo-nas'tic-al (-tl-kal), a.
Pertaining to monasteries, or to monks and
nuns ; secluded from life ; recluse. — Mo-nas'-
tic-al-ly, adv. — Mo-nas'ti-cism (-tl-slz'm), n.
Monkish life.

Mon'day (mun'da), n. Second day of the week ;
the day following Sunday.

Mon'ey (mun'y), n. ; pi. Moneys (-Tz). Coin ;
stamped metal as the medium of commerce;
currency. — Money broker, Money changer.
Broker who deals in money or exchanges. —
Money order. Order for the payment of money ;
esp., a government order issued at one post office
and payable at another. — Mon'eyed (miin'Td),
a. Rich in money ; composed of money. —
Mon'ey-less, a. Destitute of money ; penni-
less. — Mon'e-ta-ry (-e-ta-ry), a. Pertaining to,
or consisting in, money ; pecuniary. — Mon'e-
tize{-tiz), v. t. To convert into money; to adopt
as current money. — Mon'e-ti-za'tion (-tT-za7-
shun), n. Conversion into money ; an adopting
as money.

Mon'ger (mun'ger), n. A trader ; a dealer ; —
used chiefly in composition. — v. t. To deal or
traffic in.

Mon'gol (mSn'gol), Mon-go'li-an (-go'lT-an), n.
& a. Chinese.

Mon'grel (niun'grgl), a. Of mixed breed ; hybrid.
— n. An annual of a mixed breed.

Mo-ni'tibn (mo-nTsh'un), n. Instruction by way
of caution ; admonition ; warning ; notice. —
Mon'i-tive (mon'T-tTv), a. Conveying admo-
nition ; admonitory. — Mon'i-tor (-ter), n. One
who admonishes ; a pupil appointed to instruct
or preserve order, in the absence of a teacher ;
an ironclad war vessel, carrying heavy guns in

The Monitor.

revolving turrets. — Mon'i-tress (-trSs), n. A
female monitor. — Mon'i-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Giv-
ing admonition ; warning. — Mon ' i - to ' rl - al
(-to'rT-ol), a. Pertaining to, or performed, con-
ducted, or communicated, by monitors.

Monk (munk), n. A man bound by vows to a
life of celibacy in a monastery. — Monk'er-y
(munk'er-y), n. Life of monks ; monastic us-
age or customs. — Monkish, a. Like or per-
taining to monks or monasteries.

Mon'key (mun/kj), n. An annual of the ape or

Heads of Monkeys.
a Simioda ; b Cebidn ; c Leinuroidca.

baboon kind ; a term of contempt, or of slight
kindness; weight of a pile driver, — r. I. a <■
To ape ; to meddle. — Monkey WTencn. A
wrench or spanner having a movable jaw.

B, 8, 1, o, u, long ; a, C, 1, 5, a, y , short ; Ben site, Svent, idea, 6bey, flnite, cAre, arm, ask, ftll, final,

MONKISH

271

MORAL

jr composed of interwoven

•graph ( mon'6-graf ), n. f~\\\//f)

ritten account of a single ^-^1/ y\f

', or class of things. / ' V

lith ( mon'6-lTth ), n. A ' '

Monk'ish, a. See under Monk, n.

Mon'O-dy (mon'o-d^), n. ; pi. Monodies (-dTz). A

poem in which a single mourner expresses lam-
entation ; a song for one voice.
Mo-nog'a-my (nio-nog'a-my), n. Marriage to but

one husband or wife.
Mon'o-gram (mon'6-gram), n. A character or

cipher composed of interwoven

letter!
Mon'o-graph

A written

thing
Mon'o-lith ( mou'6-iTth )

column consisting of a single Monogram.
stone.

Mon'o-logue (mon'o-log), n. A speech uttered by
a person alone ; soliloquy.

Mon 0 ma'ni-a ( mon'6-nia'nT-a ), n. Derange-
ment of a single faculty of the mind, or on one
subject only. — Mon'O-ma'ni-ac (-aK)» n' 0ue
affected by monomania.

Mon o-pet'al-ous (mon'o-peVal-Ss), a. Having
only one petal, or the corolla in one piece.

Mon'oph-thong (mon'of-thong), n A single un-
compounded vowel sound.

Mo-nop'O-ly (mo-nop'o-ly), n. Exclusive right to
deal in some commodity or market. — Mo-nop'-
O-list (-list), Mo-nop'O-liz'er (-liz'er), /;. One
who monopolizes. — Mo-nop'o-lize (-liz), v. t.
[Monopolized (-lizd) ; Monopolizing.] To ob-
tain possession of the whole of, as a commodity,
in order to appropriate or control the exclusive
sale ; to engross or obtain the whole of.

Mon'O-syl/la-ble (mon'o-sTl'la-b'l), n. A word of
one syllable. — Mon'O-syl-lab'ic (-sil-lab'Tk), a.
Consisting of one syllable, or of words of one
syllable.

Mon'o-the ism (m5n'6-the-iz'm), n. Belief that
there is but one God.

Mon'o-tone (mou'o-ton), n. A single unvaried
tone or sound ; utterance of successive syllables
on one unvaried key. — Mo-not/o-nous (mo-
not'6-nus), a. Uttered in one unvarying key ;
continued with dull uniformity ; wearisome. —
Mo-not'o-nous-ly, adv. — Mo-not'o-nous-ness,
n. — Mo-not'O-ny (-o-n^), n. Absence of va-
riety ; irksome sameness.

llMon'sei'gneur' (F. mdN'sa'nyeV ; E. mon-sgn'-
yer), n. ; pi. Messeigneurs (F. ma'sa'nyeV ;
E. mSs-sSn'yerz). My lord ; your highness ; —
a French title of a person of high rank.

HMon'sieur' (F. mS'sye' ; E. mo-ser'), n. ; pi.
Messieurs (F. ma'sye' ; E. lngsh'yerz). Sir;
Mr. ; — a French_title of civility in address.

Mon-SOOn' (inon-sobn'), n. A periodical wind,
esp. in the Indian Ocean.

Mon'Ster (mon'ster), n. Something of unnatural
size, shape, or quality ; prodigy ; marvel ; thing
horrible from ugliness, deformity, or wicked-
ness. — Mon'Strous (-striis), a. Abnormal ;
enormous ; extraordinary ; horrible ; dreadful.
— ndv. Exceedingly ; very much. — Mon'-
strous-ly, adv. — Mon'strous-ness, n. — Mon-
Stros'i-ty (-str5s'T-t^), n. State of being mon-
strous ; an unnatural production.

Month (month), n. One of the twelve divisions
of the year. — Month'ly (niunth'ly), a. Con-
tinued, performed in, or happening, once a
month, or every month. — n. A publication ap-
pearing once a month. — adv. Once a month ;
in every month.

Mon'U-ment(mon'u-m£nt),?2. Anything intended
to remind ; a building, etc., to preserve remem-
brance of a person, event, etc. — Mon'U-men'-
tal (-mim'tal), a. Of, pertaining to, inscribed
upon, or suitable for, a monument ; memorial.
— Mon'u-men'tal-ly, adv. _
MOO (moo), v. i. [Mooed (mood) ; Mooing.] To
make the noise of a cow ; to low ; — a child's
word. —n. The lowing of a cow.
Mood (mood), n. Manner ; style ; mode ; log-
ical or grammatical form.
Mood (mood), n. Temper of mind ; state of pas-
sion or feeling. — Mood'y (mobd'y), a. [Mood-
ier ; Moodiest.] Indulging moods, or varying
and capricious frames of mind ; peevish ; angry ;
sad ; fretful. — Mood'My (-i-ly ), adv. — Mood'-
i-ness, re-
Moon (moon), n. A satellite revolving about the
earth, or about certain planets ; the period in
which the earth's moon revolves ; a month. —
Moon'beanV (moon'bem'), ii. A ray of light
from the moon. — Moon'light' (-lit''), n. Light
afforded by the moon. — a. Illuminated by the
moon ; occurring by moonlight. — Moon'shine7
(-shin''), n. Moonlight ; show without substance
or reality. — Moon'struck/ (-struk'), a. Af-
fected by the influence of the moon ; lunatic.
Moor (moor), n. Waste land covered with heath
or marsh ; heath ; fen. — Moor'ish (mobr'Ish),
Moor'y (-50, a. Like moors ; marsh ; fenny. —
Moor'land (-land), n. Moorish land.
Moor (moor), n. One of a North African race
inhabiting Morocco, Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli ;
a Mohammedan. — Moor'ish, a. Of or pertain-
ing to Morocco or the Moors.
Moor (moor), v. t. [Moored (moord) ; Mooring.]
To confine (a ship) by anchors ; to secure ; to
fix firmly. —Moor'age (moor'aj), n. Place for
mooring. — Moor'ing, ii. A confining a ship by
anchors, etc. ; an implement (cable, anchor, etc.)
which confines a ship ; the place or condition
of a ship thus confined.
Moor'ish, a. See under Moor, waste land, also

under Moor, a North African.
Moor'land, Moor'y. See under Moor, waste

land.
Moose (moos), n. A large North American animal,
akin to the elk, the males having large palmate
antlers.
Moot (moot), v. t. To argue ; to debate ; to discuss
in a mock court, —v. i. To argue on a supposed
cause. — a. Subject to argument ; debatable. —
n. Debate ; discussion of fictitious causes by
way of practice. — Moot case or point. A dis-
putable case ; an unsettled question
Mop ( mSp ), n. A grimace. — v. i. [Mopped

(mopt) ; Mopping.] To make a wry face.
Mop (m5p), n. An implement for washing floors,
being a cloth or bunch of thrums at the pud of a
handle, —v. t. [Mopped (m5pt); Mopping.]
To rub or wipe with a mop. — Mop ' board '
(mop'bordO, n. A narrow board against a wall
next to the floor ; baseboard.
Mope (mop), v. i. [Moped (mopt) ; Moping.] To
be very dull, spiritless, or gloomy. — n. A dull,
stupid person ; a drone. — Mop'ish, a. Dull ;
dejected. — Mop'ish-ness, n.
Mor'al (mSr'fll), a. Pertaining to conduct in re-
spect to right and wrong, virtue and vice, etc.,
or to rules by which action ought to be directed ;
virtuous; just. — n. Manners, conduct, or be-

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MORALLY

272

MOSQUITO

havior (usually in pi.) ; inner significance of a
fable, narrative, experience, etc. — Mor'al-ly
(m5r'al-ljf), adv. In a moral sense ; honestly ;
probably. — Mor'al-ist, n. One who moralizes or
teaches morality, or who practices moral duties.

— Mo-ral'i-ty ( mo-ral'i-ty" ), n. ; pi. Morali-
ties (-tlz). Doctrine or system of moral duties ;
ethics ; external virtue. — Mor'al-ize (m5r'al-iz),
v.t.&i. [Moralized (-izd) ; Moralizing.] To
apply to a moral purpose ; to render virtuous ;
to make moral reflections. — Mor'al-i'zer, n.

Mo-rass' (tno-ras'), n. Tract of soft, wet ground ;
marsh ; fen.

Mor'bid (mSr'bld), a. Not sound and healthful ;
diseased; sickly; sick. — Mor'bid-ly, adv. —
Mor'bid-ness, n. — Morbific (-bTf'Ik), a.
Causing disease. — Mor-bose' (-bos'), a. Un-
sound ; unhealthy.

Mor-da'cioUS (m6r-da'shus), a. Biting; sarcas-
tic ; severe ; scathing. — Mor-da'cious-ly, adv.

— Mor-dac'i-ty (-dSsT-ty), n.

Mor'dant (mQr'clant), a. Biting ; caustic ; serv-
ing to fix colors (in dyeing and printing cloth,
etc. ). — n. A corroding substance ; an ingre-
dient which fixes dyes, gold leaf, etc.

More (mor), a., compar. Greater in amount, de-
gree, quality, number, etc. ; superior; additional.

— n. Greater quantity, amount, or number ;
something other and further. — adv. In a
greater quantity, extent, or degree ; rather ;
further ; besides ; again.

Mo-reen' (mo-ren'), n. Stout woolen stuff, for
curtains, etc.

More-O'ver (mor-o'ver), adv. Beyond what has
been said ; further ; also ; likewise.

Moresque' (mo-rgsk'), a. Done after the man-
ner of the Moors.

Morgue (m6rg), n. A place for exposing bodies
of persons found dead, for identification ; a
deadhouse.

Mori-bund (m&VT-bund), a. At the point of
death; dying.

Mor'mon (mor'mun), n. One of a sect in the
United States, who believe in polygamy. — a.
Pertaining to this sect or their doctrine. —
Mor'mon-ism (-Tz'm), n. Doctrine of Mormons.

Mom (m6rn), n. Morning. — Mom'ing (m&rn'-
Yng), n. Early part of the day ; first or early
part. — a. Pertaining to, or being in, the early
part of the day. — Mom'ing-glO'ry (-glo'rjf),
n. A climbing plant, having funnel-shaped
flowers.

Mo-roc'CO (mo-rSk'ko), n. A fine leather, tanned
with sumach, — said to have been first prepared
by the Moors.

Mo-rose' (mo-ros'), a. Of a sour temper ; sullen ;
gruff ; crabbed ; surly ; ill-natured. — Mo-rose'-
ly, adv. — Mo-rose'ness, n.

Mor'phi-a (ni6r'fT-a), Mor'phine (-fin or -fen),
n. A narcotic vegetable alkaloid extracted from
opium, and used in medicine as an anodyne.

Mor'row (mSr'ro), n. Morning ; day following
the present ; to-morrow.

Morse (nodts), n. The sea horse ; the walrus.

Mor'sel (mfir'sSl), n. A bite ; fragment.

Mor'tal (ni6r't//l), a. Bubject to, causing, or occa-
sioning death ; affecting as if with power to kill ;
extreme ; belonging to man. — n. A being sub-
ject to death; man. — Mor'tal-ly, adv. In a
mortal manner ; irrecoverably ; inveterately.

— Mor-tal'i-ty (-tSlT-ty), n. Condition or

Mortar.

quality of being mortal ; death ; destruction ;
whole number of deaths in a given time or com-
munity ; the human race ; humanity.

Mor'tar (m6r'ter), n. A
wide-mouthed vessel, in
which substances are
pounded with a pestle ;
short piece of ordnance,
for throwing bombs.

Mor'tar ( m6r ' ter ), n.
Mixture of lime and
sand with water, used as cement for uniting
stones and bricks in walls.

Mort'gage (mOr'gaj), n. A conveyance of prop-
erty, as security for payment of a debt, etc. —
v. I. To grant or convey (property) for security
of a debt ; to pledge ; to make liable to payment
of a debt— Mort'ga-gee' (m6r'ga-je'), n.
One to whom a mortgage is given. — Mort'-
gage-or (m6r'ga-jer or -j6r'), Mort'ga-gor, n.
One who conveys property as security for debt.

Mor'ti-fy (m6r'tT-fI), v. t. [Mortified (-fid) ;
Mortifying.] To destroy the organic texture of ;
to deaden (carnal affections, bodily appetites,
etc.) by religious discipline ; to abase ; to humil-
iate ; to humble. — v. i. To lose vitality ; to
decay. — Mor'ti-fi-ca'tion (-fi-ka'shQn), n. A
mortifying ; death of one part of an animal
body, while the rest continues to live ; subjec-
tion of the passions and appetites ; humiliation.

Mor'tise (mQr'tTs), n. A cavity cut into a timber,
etc., to receive a piece made to fit
it, called a, tenon. — v. t. [Mortised
(-tist) ; Mortising.] To make a
mortise in ; to join by a tenon and
mortise.

Mo-sa'iC (mo-za'Tk), n. Inlaid work,
of pieces of stone, glass, etc. , fitted
together in patterns. — a. Varie-
gated ; tessellated ; composed of
various materials or ingredients.

Mo-sa'iC (mo-za'Tk), a. Pertaining Mortise and
to Moses, leader of the Israelites. euon'

Mos'lem (m5z15m), n. & a. A Mohammedan.

Mosque (mSsk), n. A Mohammedan place of
worship.

Mos-qui'to (m8s-ke'to), n. ; pi. Mosquitoes (-toz).
A small insect or gnat, having a sharp proboscis,
by which it punctures skins of animals and
sucks their blood.

Mosquito. A Position when alighting. B Side view
of Head, much enlarged: <i Antenna) e£ye< M,a-
i)nmi ; c Mandibles : 9 Maxilla ; /Epiatome ; / Labi-
um ; /< Labial Palpus.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, ii, y, short ; senate, £vent, Idea, obey, finite, c£re, jinn, ask, all, final,

MOSS

273

MOW

MOSS (mos), n. A cellular plant, growing on the
earth, rocks, trees, etc., and in water ; a lichen ;
a bog ; a morass ; a place containing peat. — v. t.
[Mossed (m5st) ; Mossing.] To cover with
moss. — Moss'y (mos'y), a. Abounding or
overgrown with moss ; resembling moss. —
Moss'1-ness, n.

Most (mo^t), a. ; superl. of More. Consisting of
the greatest number or quantity; greatest.—
adv. In the greatest or highest degree. —
Most'ly (most'ly), adv. For the greatest part ;
ehieliy ; in the main.

HMat (mo), n. A witty saying ; a witticism.

Mote (mot), n. Small particle ; a spot ; a speck.

Moth (moth), n. A lepidopterous insect, chiefly
of nocturnal habits, many species of which feed
upon grain, cloth, etc. ; whatever gradually con-
sumes or wist"s anything.

Moth'er (muth'er), n. Film or membrane con-
creted in liquors, particularly in vinegar. — v. i.
To become like, or full of, mother.

Moth'er (muth'er), n. The female parent ; that
which lias produced anything ; source of birth
or origin ; female head of a religious commu-
nity. — a. Inborn ; native ; natural ; having the
place of a mother. — Moth'er-ly, a. Pertaining
to, or becoming, a mother ; maternal ; loving ;
tender, — adv. In the manner of a mother. —
Moth'er-less, a. Having no mother. — Moth'er-
hood, n. State of a mother ; maternity. — Moth'-
er-ln-law', n. Mother of one's husband or
wife.

Mo'tion (m3'shun), n. A changing place ; move-
ment ; port ; gait ; proposition made in a de-
liberative assembly. — v. i. & t. [Motioned
(-shiind): Motioning.] To indicate by motion or
gesture ; to beckon. — Mo'tlon-less, a. Want-
ing motion ; being at rest.

Mo'tlve (mo'tlv), n. That which incites to ac-
tion ; incentive ; inducement ; reason ; cause.

— a. Causing motion ; tending to move.
Mot'ley (mot'ly), a. Variegated in color ; party-
colored. — rc. Combination of discordant col-
ors ; dress of a professioial fool.

Mo'tor (mo'ter), n. Imparter of motion ; ma-
chine by which a mechanical power (steam,
water, electricity, etc.) does mechanical work.

— Mo'tor, Mo'to-ry (-to-ry), Mo-to'ri-al (-to'-
rT-al), a. Giving motion ; pertaining to organs
of motion. — Motor boat, car, or cycle. A boat,
car, or bicycle run by a motor. — Mo'tor- man

» (mo'ter-man), n. A man who controls a motor.

Mct/tle (uiot't'l), v. t. [Mottled (-t'ld) ; Mot-
tling. J To mark with spots of different color.

Mot'to (mot/to), n. ; pi. Mottoes (-toz). Sen-
tence or phrase prefixed to an essay, poem,
etc., and apposite to the subject of it ; maxim.

Mould, Mould'er, etc. See Mold, etc.

Moult, v. & n. See Molt.

Mound (mound), n. Raised bank; hillock; knoll.

— v I. To fortify with a mound.

Mount (mount), n. A mass of earth or rock ;
hill ; mountain ; means for mounting ; a horse
and equipments for a horseman. — v. i. To
rise on high ; to go up ; to ascend ; to get on
horseback ; to leap upon anything ; to amount ;
to count up. — v. t. To get upon ; to ascend ;
to climb ; to put on horseback ; to furnish with
horses, or with anything that fits for use. —
Mounting, n. A preparing for use ; setting.

Moun'taln (moun'tln), n. A large mass rising

above the level of the adjacent land ; a mount ;
something very large. — a. Pertaining to, or
found on, mountains ; of mountain size ; vast. —
Moun'tain-eer' (-tin-eV), n. Inhabitant of a
mountain. — v. i. To live among or climb
mountains. — Moun'tain-OUS (-tin-us), a. Full
of mountains ; huge.

Mount'e-bank (mount 'e- bank), n. A quack
doctor ; a boastful pretender ; a charlatan. — a.
Quack.

Mount'lng, n. See under Mount, n.

Mourn (morn), v. i. & t. [Mourned (mornd) ;
Mourning.] To grieve ; to lament ; to deplore ;
to bewail. — Mourn'er (morn'er), n. — Mourn'
ful, a. Full of, expressing, or causing sor-
row ; sad ; doleful ; afflictive ; grievous ; calami-
tous. — Mourn'i ul-ly, adv. — Mourn'f ul-ness,
n. — Mourn' ing, n. A sorrowing; lamenta-
tion ; dress worn by mourners.

Mouse (mous), n. ; pi. Mice (mis). A small rodent
quadruped inhabiting
houses, fields, etc. ; dis- -,
colored swelling caused ^
by a blow. — Mouse
(mouz), v. i. To watch
for and catch mice ; to
pursue slyly. — MOUS'- Mouse.

er (mouz'er), n. A cat

good at catching mice. — Mouse'hole' (mous'-
hol')j n. A hole through which mice pass ; a
very small entrance. — M0US6/trap/ (-tray ), n.
Trap for catching mice.

Moustache', n. Mustache.

Mouth ( mouth ), n. ; pi. Mouths ( mouthz ).
Opening through which an animal receives
food ; aperture between the lips ; opening of a
cave, bottle, gun, etc., or through which flow
the waters of a river or stream. — Mouth
(mouth), v. t. [Mouthed (mouthd) ; Mouth-
ing.] To take into the mouth ; to chew ; to
lick ; to utter (words, etc.) in a pompous voice.
—v. i. To vociferate ; to rant. — Mouth'ful,
n.; pi. Mouthfuls (-fulz). As much as the
mouth contains at once ; a small quantity. —
Mouth'piece' (-pes'), n. Part of a musical or
other instrument to which the mouth is applied ;
one who delivers the opinions of others.

Move (mobv), v. t. [Moved (moovd) ; Moving.] To
put in motion ; to excite to action ; to affect (the
mind, will, or passions) ; to arouse the feelings
of ; to offer formally for consideration in a pub-
lic assembly. — v. i. To change place ; to act ;
to change residence ; to bring forward a mo-
tion in an assembly; to make a proposal. — n.
A moving ; movement ; a moving one of the
pieces in a game, as chess ; step toward execu-
ting a plan or scheme. — Mov'er, n. — Mova-
ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being moved : not
fixed ; changing from one time to another, —n.
Article of goods; (generally in pi.) goods; wares ;
furniture. — Mov'a-bly, adv. — Mov'a-ble-
ness, n. State or quality of being movable. —
Mov'lng, a. Changing place or posture ; caus-
ing action ; touching ; pathetic ; affecting. —
Move'ment (-ment), n. A moving ; change of
place or posture ; emotion ; style of moving ;
that which moves or imparts motion ; rhythm ;
single strain or part of a musical composition
having the same measure or time.

Mow (mou), n. A wry face. — v. i. [Mowed
(moud) ; Mowing.] To make mouths.

fgrn, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foTot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

MOW

274

MULTIPLICATE

MOW (mou), n. Pile of hay or sheaves of grain ;
place in a barn where hay or grain is stowed. —
v. t. To pile and stow away (hay or grain).

Mow (mo), v. t. [imp. Mowed (mod) ; p. p.
Mowed or Mown ; p. pr. Mowing.] To cut down
(grass, etc.) with a scythe or machine ; to cut
the grass from ; to cut down in great numbers
or quantity. — v. i. To cut grass ; to perform
the business of mowing. — Mow'er (nio'er), n.
One who mows ; a mowing machine. — Mown,
p. p. & a. Cut by mowing ; deprived of grass.

Mr. (mis'ter). Abbreviation of Mister. — Mrs.
(mis'sis). Abbreviation of Mistress.

Much, (much), a. [Compar. & superl. wanting,
but supplied by More (mor) and Most (most),
from another root.] Great in quantity or
amount ; abundant ; plenteous. — n. Great
quantity; thing uncommon or noticeable. —
adv. To a great degree ; greatly ; far ; often ;
long ; almost ; nearly.

Mu'ci-lage ( mu'sT-laj ), n. Gummy substance
produced by action of water on cells of certain
plants ; aqueous solution of gum, often used as
an adhesive. — Mu/ci-lag'i-nous (-lSj'T-nQs), a.
Of the nature of mucilage ; moist, soft, and
lubricous ; slimy ; pertaining to, or secreting,
mucilage. - Mu'ci-lag'i-nous-ness, n.

Muck (muk), n. Dung in a moist state ; decaying
vegetable matter ; something mean or filthy. —
v. t. To manure with muck. — Muck ' er
(muk'er), a. Vulgar. — n. A vulgar person. —
Muck'y (-f), a. Filthy ; miry ; vile. — Muck'-
i-ness, n. — Muck'womf (-wftrm'), n. A worm
that lives in muck ; a miser.

Mu'cus (mu'kus), n. A viscid fluid secreted by
the mucous membrane, which it moistens and
defends ; any animal fluid of a viscid quality ;
slimy substance in certain plants. — Mu'cous
(-kQs), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, mucus ;
slimy. — Mu'cous-ness, n.

Mud (mud), n. Earth wet, soft, moist, and ad-
hesive ; mire. — v. t. To make turbid, or foul,
^'ith dirt; to muddy. — Mud'dy (mud'd^), a.
[Comp. Muddier (-dT-er) ; superl. Muddiest.]
Foul ; dirty ; turbid ; dull ; stupid. — v. t.
[Muddied (-did) ; Muddying ( -dT-Tng ).] To
soil ; to make dull or heavy — Mud'di-ly, adv.
— Mud'di-ness, n. — Mud'dle (-d'l), v. t. To
make turbid or muddy ; to cloud or stupefy ;
to intoxicate partially. «— n. State of being
turbid or confused ; dullness.

Mu-ez'zin (mu-gz'zTn), n. Mohammedan crier
of the hour of prayer.

Muff (muf ), n. A warm cover for the hands or for
a steam pipe, etc. ; a stupid fellow ; a bungler ;
a failure to hold a ball once caught. — ?\ t. & i.
[Muffed (mQft) ; Muffing.] To handle awk-
wardly ; to fumble.

Muffin (muffin), n. Spongy, circular, flat cake.

Muffle (mfiff'l), n. Bare end of an animal's
nose, between the nostrils.

Muffle (mBf'f'l), v. t. [Muffled (-fid) ; Muf-
fling (-fling).] To wrap up closely, so as to
disguise or to render sound inaudible, —v. i.
To speak indistinctly. — n. A wrap ; a cover ;
oven for heating ore, pottery, etc. —Muffler
(-fler), n. Cover for the face, head, or neck.

Mufti (m«f'tl), n. ; pi. Muftis (-tlz). An official
expounder of Mohammedan law in Turkey;
citizen's dress worn by a soldier or sailor in
India.

Mug (mfig), n. A cup with a handle ; the face or
mouth \_Colloq.~\.

Mug'gy (miig'gy), a. [Comp. Muggier (-gi-er) ,
superl. Muggiest.] Moist; damp; close.

Mu-laftO (mu-laV to), n. ; pi. Mulattoes (-toz).
Offspring of a negro and a white person.

Muftoer-ry (mill' ber-ry), n. The berry or fruit
of a tree ; a dark purple color.

Mulch (mulch), n. Half-rotten
straw, decayed leaves, etc.,
spread over roots of plants,
to protect from heat or cold ,
keep them moist, etc. — v. t.
[Mulched (mfilcht) ; Mulch-
ing. ] To protect with mulch.

Mulct (mulkt), n. A fine ; for-
feit; penalty, —v.t. To pun-
ish by fine.

Mule (mul), n. An animal or fi
plant of mongrel breed ; off- Black Mulberry-
spring of an ass and a mare ; a hybrid ; a stub-
born person ;. a machine used in spinning cot-
ton. — Mule-teer' (mu'le-ter'), n. One who
drives mules. — Mul'ish (mul'ish), a. Like a
mule ; stubborn ; perverse.

Mull (mul), v. t. [Mulled (muid) ; Mulling.]
To heat, sweeten, and spice (wine).

Mull (mul), n. Thin, soft muslin.

Mul'leln (mullln), n. A tall herb, with coarse
leaves and spikes of flowers, growing in roads
and neglected fields.

Muf let (mQf ISt), n. A food fish of many species.

Muf lion (mul'yun), n. Slender pier dividing the
lights of windows, screens,
etc.

Mul-tan'gu-lar (mul -tan' gu-
ler), a. Having many angles ;
polygonal.

Mul'ti-fa'ri-ous ( mul/tT-fa'n-
us), a. Having various kinds ;
diversified. — Mul'ti-fa'ri-
ous-ly, adv. — Mul'tl-fa'rl-
ous-ness, n.

Mufti-fid (muf tT-f id), a. Hav-
ing many divisions.

Mufti-form (mfiftT-f8rm), a.
Having many forms, shapes,
or appearances. — Mul ' tl -
fomfi-ty (-fo*rm'T-ty), n. Diversity of forms;
variety of appearances in the same thing.

Mufti-lafer-al ( mfiftl-iat'er-al ), a. Having
many sides.

Mul-tip'a-rous ( mui-tTr/a-rus ), a. Producing
many at a birth.

Mul-tip'ar-tlte (mOl-tYp'ar-tlt or inuiaT-par'tit),
a. Divided into many parts.

Mufti-ped (inui'tT-pgd), n. An insect having
many feet. — a. Having many feet.

Muf ti-ple (muf tT-p'l), a. Containing more than
once, or more than one ; manifold. — n. A
quantity exactly divisible by another without a
remainder.

Mufti-ply (mnl'tY-pli), v. t. & i. [Multiplied
(-plld) ; Multiplying.] To increase in number,
extent, quantity, etc.— Mufti-plfer (-pH'er),
n. — Muf ti-plf a-ble (a-b'l), Mufti- pli-ca-ble
(-plT-ka-h'l), a. Capable of being multiplied. —
Muf ti-pli-cand' (-plT-kSnd'), n. Number to be
multiplied by another, in arithmetic, which is
called thenniltiplier. - Multi-pll-cate (m&l'tl-
plT-kat or mul-tTpMT-kat), a. Consisting of many,

a, S, I, o, u, long , a, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, ftbey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, finaL,

MULTIPLICATION

275

MUSK OX

or more than one ; multiple ; multifold. — Mul'ti-
pli-ca'tion (inul'ti-pli-ka'shun), n. A multi-
plying ; arithmetical rule or operation by which
any given number or quantity may be added to
itself any number of times proposed. — Mul'ti-
pli-ca-tive (mul'tl-plT-ka-tiv), a. Tending, or
having power, to multiply. — Mul'tl-pll-ca tor
(-ka'ter), n. Number by which another is mul-
tiplied ; multiplier. — MuFti-plic'l-ty (-plis'i-
ty), n. State of being multiple or various; col-
lection of many objects.

Mul'ti-tude (lnul'tT-tud), n. State of being many ;
great number of individuals ; crowd ; assembly ;
a swarm ; the populace ; the vulgar. — MuPti-
tU'dl-nous (-tu'di-nus), a. Consisting, or hav-
ing the appearance, «of a multitude ; manifold.

Mul'tl-valve (mul'tT-v&lv), n. A mollusk having
a shell of many valves. — Mul'tl-valve, MuTti-
val'VU-lar (-vSl'vu-ler), a. Having many valves.

Mum (mum), a. Silent ; not speaking, — interj.
Be silent ! hush ! — n. Silence.

Mum (mQm), n. Strong beer, originally ffom
Brunswick, in Germany.

Mum'ble (mum'b'l), v. i. & t. [Mumbled (-b'ld) ;
Mumbling.] To speak with the lips partly
closed ; to mutter ; to eat with a muttering
sound. — Mum'bler (-bier), n.

Mumm (mum), v. t. [Mummed (inumd) ; Mumm-
ing.] To sport in a disguise ; to mask. —
Mumm'er (mumper), n. A masker; a buffoon.

— Mum'mer-y (-y), n. Masking ; buffoonery.
Mum/my (raum'my), n. A dead body embalmed

and dried, as by the ancient Egyptians ; a
brown color ; one devoid of affection, energy,
etc. — Mum'mi-fonn (-niT-f6rm), a. Resem-
bling a mummy. — Mum'mi-iy (-fi), v. t. To
embalm and dry as a mummy.

Mump (mump), v. t. & i. [Mumped (mumt) ;
Mumping.] To mumble ; to talk imperfectly. —
Mump'er, n. A beggar. — Mump'lsh (mump'.
Tsh), a. Dull ; heavy ; sullen ; sour. — Mumps
(mumps), n. Sullenness ; the sulks t, feverish
inflammation of the parotid glands.

Munch (munch), v. t. & i. [Munched (muncht) ;
Munching.] To chew without opening the
mouth. — Munch'er, n.

Mun'dane (uiuu'dan), a. Belonging to the world ;
worldly ; earthly.

Mu-nic'i-pal (mu-nTsT-pal), a. Pertaining to a
corporation or city, also to a state, kingdom, or
nation. — Mu-niCi-pal'1-ty (-pSl'T-ty ), n. A
municipal district ; incorporated town.

Mu-nif '1-ceni (inu-nTiT-sent), a. Very liberal in
giving ; bountiful ; liberal ; generous. — Mu-
ulf i-cent-ly, adv. — Mu-ull'i-cence (-sens), n.
Benevolence ; liberality ; bounty.

Mu'ni-ment ( mu'nT-ment ), n. A defending ;
stronghold ; means of defense ; legal record ;
title deeds and papers.

Mu-ni'tlon (mu-msh'un), n. Materials for war ;
military stores.

Mu'ral (mu'ral), a. Pertaining to a wall.

MUT'der (rafir'der), n. Intentional killing of a
human being. — v. t. [Murdered (-derd) ;
Murdering.] To kill with premeditated malice ;
to assassinate ; to slay. — Mur'dei-er(-der-er), n.

— Mur'der-ess (-§s), n. Woman who murders.

— Mur'der-OUS (-us), a. Guilty of consisting in,
accompanied with, or premeditating, murder ;
bloody ; bloodthirsty ; fell ; savage ; cruel. —
Mur'der-ou3-ly, adv.

Mu'ri-ate (mu'rT-at), n. Chloride. — Mu'ri-at'ic

(-StTk), a. Pertaining to, or obtained from,

sea salt or chlorine.
Murk/y (murk'y), a. [_Comp. Murkdsr (-kT-er) ;

superl. Murkiest.] Dark ; gloomy.
Mur'mur (mur'mur), n. Low, confused sound,

like running water ; half suppressed complaint.

— v. i. [Murmured (-merd) ; Murmuring.] To
make a low, continued noise, like bees, water,
or wind in a forest ; to complain ; to grumble.

— Mur'mur-er, n.

Mur'rain (mur'rin), n. An infectious and fatal
disease among cattle ; epizooty.

Mus'cle (musH), n. An organ in animal bodies,
whose contraction causes motion ; contractile
tissue in muscles ; physical strength ; a mussel
(shellfish). — Mus'CU-lar (mus'ku-ler), a. Per-
taining to, consisting of, constituting, or per-
formed by, a muscle or the muscles ; brawny ;
strong ; powerful. — Mus'CU-lar'i-ty (-15r'i-
t^), n. State of being muscular ; strength.

Mus'CO-vite (mus'ko-vit), n. & a. Russian.
I Muse (muz), v. i. [Mused (muzd) ; Musing.]
I To think closely ; to be absent-minded ; to pon-
der ; to meditate ; to ruminate. — v. t. To medi-
tate on. — n. Deep thought ; absence of mind.
Mus'ing-ly, adv.

Muse (muz), n. One of nine fabled goddesses
presiding over art, literature, music, etc.

Mu-se'um (inu-ze/uni), n. A collection of curios-
ities or works of art.

Mush (miish), n. Indian meal boiled in water.

Mush/room (mush'robm), n. An edible f ungus ;
upstart. — a. Pertaining to
mushrooms ; short-lived ;
ephemeral ; too quick to be
substantial.

Mu'sic (mu'zik), n. Melody
or harmony ; science of har-
monical sounds. — Mu'slc-
al (-zT-kal), a. Belonging
to, producing, or containing
music ; melodious ; harmo-
nious. — Mu'slc-al-ly, adv.

Mushroom.

Mu'sic-al-ness,
Mu-sl'clan (mu-zlsh'an), n. One skilled
in music.
Musk (musk), n. A substance obtained from a
bag in the male musk deer, and having an in-
tensely powerful and enduring odor. — Musk
deer. A small Asiatic, hornless deer, the male
of which has scent bags yielding the musk of
commerce. — Musk'y (rnusk'^), a. Having the
odor of musk. — Musk'i-ness, n. — Musk ox.
A ruminating bovine animal of arctic America.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

MUSKET

276

MYSELF

Mus'ket (mus'ket), n. An old infantry firearm,
now superseded by the ritie. — Mus'ket-ry (-ry ),
n. Muskets collectively ; the me 01 muskets.
— MllS'ket-eer' (nius'ket-eV), n. Soldier armed
with a musket.

Musk'mel/on (niusk'mel'un), n. Aromatic fruit
01 a vine ot several varieties ; cantaloupe ; nut-
meg melon.

Musk OX. See under Musk, n.

Musk'rat' ( naisk'raV ), n. A North American
rouent water animal, building winter houses on
the ice, and having scent glands which secrete
a substance like musk.

MUS'lin (n.Qz'lin), n. Thin cotton cloth, not
dyeu or printed. — Muslin delaine (de-lan').
[F. mousse/ ine de laine.] A thai woolen fabric
oi light texture.

Mus-qui'to (n.us-ke'to), n. See Mosquito.

Muss (n.u), n. Confusion; scramble; mess. —
v. t. [Mussed (must) ; Mussing.] To disorder ;
to derange ; to rumple. [Colloq.~\

Mus'sel (mus's'l), n. A marine and fresh-water
bivalve shellfish.

Mus'sul-man (mus'sul-man), n. ; pi. Mussul-
mans (-manz). A Mohammedan.

must (must), v . i. or auxiliary. To be obliged ;
to be necessary or essential.

Must (must), n. Juice pressed from the grape,
but not fermented ; niustiness ; mold. — v. i.
To grow moldy and sour. — v. t. To make
musty. — Mus'ty (mus'tjf), a. Rank and pun-
gent in odor or taste ; moldy ; stale ; decayed ;
dull ; spiritless. — Mus'ti-ness, n.

Mus-tache' (mfis-tash'), n. Part of the beard
growing on the upper lip.

Mus'tang (mup'tSng), n. A half-wild horse of
the prniries in Mexico, California, etc.

Mus'tard (mus'terd), n. A plant, and its pungent
seeds used, when ground
into powder, as a condi-
ment, also as stimulative
an<* emetic.

Mus'ter (mus'ter), n. As-
sembling of troops for
review, parade, etc. ; as-
semblage ; display ; gath-
ering. — v. I. & i. [Mus-
tered (-terd) ; Muster-
ing.] To assemble ; to get
together. — TO pass U1US-
ter. To pass inspection
without censure. — Mus-
ter roll. Roll or register
of the men present or ac-
counted for in each company, troop, or regiment.

Mus'ty, a. S^e under Must, n.

Mu'ta-lfe (mu'ta-b'l), a. Capable of alteration;
subject to change ; inconstant ; unstable ; un-
settled ; irresolute ; fickle. — Mu'ta ble-ness,
Mu'ta-bil'i-ty (-bTl'T-ty), n. — Mu-ta'tion (mfi-
ta'.sliun), n. A changing ; alteration.

Mute (mut), a. Silent ; dumb ; speechless. —
7i. One silent or speechless, or unable, from
deafness, to use articulate language ; one em-
ployed to stand before a house containing a
corpse ; dumb attendant of a seraglio ; letter
representing no sound ; element of speech formed
without vocal passage of the breath, as p, b, d,
g, k, t. — Mute'ly, adv. — Mute'ness, ».
Mu'tl-late (niii'tT-lat), v. I. To cut off a limb or
essential part of ; to maim ; to cripple ; to render

Mustard.

imperfect. — Mu'ti-lator (-la'ter), n. — Mu'ti-
la'tion (-la'shun), n. A mutilating ; state of
being mutilated.
Muti-ny (iiiu'tl-uy), n. Insurrection against au-
tnority ; revolt ; uprising ; rebellion. — v. i.
[Mutinied (-nTd) ; Mutinying (-u!-Tng).] To
rise against lawful authority. — Mu'ti-nous
(-nils), a. Disposed to mutiny ; turbulent. —

Mu'ti-nous-ly, adv. — Mu'ti-nous-ness, n.
— Mu'ti-neer' (-tT-ner'), n. One guilty oi mu-
tiny ; sailor or soldier who rises in opposition to
officers.

Mut'ter (mut'ter), v. i. [Muttered (-terd) ;
Muttering.] To utter words with a low voice ;
to grumble ; to murmur ; to sound with a low,
rumbling noise. — v. t. To utter imperfectly or
with a murmur. — n. Repressed or obscure ut-
terance. — Mut'ter-er, n.

Mut'ton (mfit't'n), n. Flesh of sheep. — Mutton
Chop. A cut of mutton for broiling.

Mu'tU-al (mu'tu-al), a. Reciprocally acting or
related, given and received ; interchanged ;
common. — Mu'tU-al-ly, adv. — Mu'tU-al'i-ty
(-Sl'I-ty), n. Quality or correlation ; recipro-
cation ; interchange.

Muz'zle (muz'z'l), n. The projecting mouth and
nose of an animal ; snout ; mouth of a gun ;
cage for the mouth to stop biting. — r. t. To
bind (the mouth of) so as to prevent biting.

My (mi), a. & poss. pron. Belongii g to me.

Myn-heer' (nun-hei'), n. Sir; Mi. ; — title of
address among the Dutch.

My-O'pi-a (mt-o'pT-a), My'O-py (mi'o-r$>), n.
Shortsightedness ; nearsightedness ; inability to
see distant objects plainly.

Myr'i-ad (mTr'i-ord), n. The number of ten thou-
sand ; immense or indefinitely large number.

Myr'i-a-gram (mTr'T-a-grSm), Myr'i-a-gramme,
n. Metric weight of 10,000 grams, or 22.040 lbs.
avoirdupois.

Myr'i-a-li'ter (mir'T-a-le'ter or mir'T-al'T-ter),
Myr'1-a-li'tre. n. Metric measure ot capacity
containing 10,000 liters, — equal to 2,041.7 wine
gallons.

Myr'i-a-me/ter (mir'T-a-me'ter or mTr'T-am'e-
ter)j Myr'i-a-me'tre, n. Metric measure of
length, being 10,000 meters, or 6.2137 miles.

Myr'i-a-pod ( mir'T-a-pod ), n. An air breathing,
vermiform, articulate animal, having many
jointed legs and a hard external skeleton.

Myr'i-are (mTr'T-a"r), n. Metric measure of sur-
face, containing 10,000 ares, or 247.1 acres.

Myr'mi-don (mer'mT-d5n), n. One of a troop led
by Achilles to the war against Troy ; a soldier
of desperate character ; a ruffian.

Myrrh (mer), n. An aromatic gum resin from
an Arabian tree, used medicinally and for its
odor.

Myr'tle (mer't'l), n. A shrubby plant, bearing
flowers, followed by black
berries, used as a condi-
ment and perfume. The
ancients considered it sa-
cred to Venus.

Myself' (mi-self or mi-),
pron.; pi. Ourselves (our-
sglvz'). I or me ; — used
for emphasis, also instead
of me, as the object of a
reflexive verb, without Myrtle,

emphasis.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, g, 1, 5, u, y. short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 5bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

MYSTERY

277

NARROW-MINDED

Mys'ter-y (mTs'ter-jf), n. ; pi. Mysteries (-Tz). A
profound secret ; thing beyond comprehension
until explained ; trade ; calling ; rude drama of
a religious character ; pi. secret religious cel-
ebrations, to which only initiated persons were
admitted. — Mys-te'ri-OUS (-te'ri-Qs), a. Re-
lating to, of the nature of, or containing, mys-
tery ; difficult to understand ; obscure ; secret ;
incomprehensible. — Mys-te'ri-OUS-ly, adv. —
Mys-te'ri-ons-ness, n. — Mys'tic (-tlk), n.
One who holds to mysticism. — Mys'tic, Mys'-
tic-al (-tT-kal), a. Remote from human com-
prehension ; obscure ; implying mysticism ;
involving secret meaning ; emblematical. —
Mys'tic-al-ly, adv. — Mys'tic-al-ness, n. —
Mys'ti-cism (-ti-slz'm), n. Obscurity of doc-
trine ; doctrine of direct intercourse with the
divine Spirit, and consequent knowledge of

spiritual things unattainable by the natural in-
tellect. — Mys'ti-fy (-ti-ti), v. t. [Mystified
(-fid) ; Mystifying.] To involve in mystery ;
to mislead ; to perplex. — Mys ti-fi-ca tion.
(-fT-ka'shun), n. An involving in mystery ;
state of being mystified ; something designed to
mystify ; a hoax.
Myth (inTth), n. Fabulous narrative, conveying
moral or religious truth ; popular fable ; thing
existing only in imagination. — Myth'ic (nnth'-
Tk), Myth'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Relating to or of
the nature of a myth ; imaginary ; fanciful. —
Myth/ic-al-ly, adv. — My-thol'o-gy (mi-thoi'-
o-jy;, n. Science of, or a treatise on, myths;
collective body of myths. — My-thol'O-gist, n.
One versed in mythology. — Myth ; 0 - log ' ic
(inith'6-lSj'ik), Myth'0-lOg'ic-al (-I-kal), a.
Relating to mythology ; fabulous.

N.

Naiad.

Nab (nSb), v. t. [Nabbed (n£bd) ; Nabbing.]
To catch suddenly ; to grab.

Na'bob (na'bob), n. A deputy or viceroy in In-
dia ; a very rich man.

Na'Cie (na'ker), n. Mother-of-pearl; pearly
gleam or luster. — Na'cre-OUS (-kre-us), a. Con-
sisting of, or resembling, nacre.

Na'dir (na'der), n. Point of the heavens opposite
the zenith ; lowest point.

Nag (n5g), 71. A small horse ; a pony.

Nag (nSg), v. i. & t. [Nagged (nSgd) ; Nagging.]
To scold persistently ; to worry ; to fret.

Na'lad ( na'yXd ), n. A water nymph ; a river
mussel.

Nail (nal), n. Horny scale at
the end of fingers and toes ;
claw or talon of a bird ; metal
pin to fasten boards, timbers,
etc., together; a measure of
length, being 2\ inches. — v. t.
[Nailed ( nald ) ; Nailing.]
To fasten with nails ; to fix ; to
catch ; to trap. — Nail'er (nal'-
er), n. One who makes nails. — Nail'er-y (-f),
n. Manufactory where nails are made.

Naln'sook' (nan'sdok'), n. Thick muslin, plain
or striped.

HNa'ive' (na'eV), a. Having unaffected simplic-
ity ; ingenuous. — ||Na/VVe/te/ ( na/ev'ta' ), n.
Native simplicity ; ingenuousness.

Na'ked (na'kSJ), a. Having no covering ; bare ;
nude ; unarmed ; defenseless ; manifest ; plain.
— Na'ked-ly, adv. — Na'ked-ness, n.

Nam'by-pam'by ( nSin'by-pa'm'by ), n. That
which is weakly sentimental, or affectedly pret-
ty. — a. Weakly sentimental ; finical.

Name (nam), n. Title ; appellation ; character ;
reputation, —v. t. [Named (namd) ; Naming.]
To give an appellation to ; to mention by name ;
to denominate ; to style ; to term ; to call ; to
designate ; to nominate. — Name'less (nam'-
15s), a. Without a name ; undistinguished. —
Name'ly, adv. To wit ; that is to say ; to par-
ticularize. — Name'sake' (-sak'), n. One hav-
ing the same name as another or named out of
regard to another.
Nan-keen' (nXn-ken'), n. Yellowish cotton cloth.

Nap (nSp), v. i. [Napped (nSpt) ; Napping.] To
have a short sleep ; to doze. — n. Doze ; siesta.

Nap (nap), n. Woolly surface, of felt, cloth,
plants, etc.

Nape (nap), n. The back part of the neck.

Naph'tha (uSf'tha
or nSp'cha), n.
A volatile, bitu-
minous liquid,
exuding from the
earth.

Nap'kin (napkin),
n. Little towel ;
cloth for wiping
the mouth at ta-
ble, etc.

||Na-pu' (na-pob'), /**m '*

n. An agile deer Napu.

of J a v a, of the
size of a hare ; the pygmy musk deer.

Nar-Cis'SUS (nar-sTs'sus), n. A bulbous flowering
plant, comprising daffodils, jon-
quils, etc.

Nar-COt'ic ( nar-k5t'Tk ), a. Re-
lieving pain ; producing sleep.

— n. An opiate. — Nar'CO-tlne
(nar'ko-tin or -ten), n. Alkaloid
obtained from opium.

Nard (nard), n. East Indian odor-
ous plant ; spikenard ; unguent
prepared from it.

Nar-rate/ (n5r-raf or nSr'rat"), v. t.

hearse, or recite (a story) ; to give an account of.

— Nar-ra'tor (-ra'ter), n. - Nar-ra'tion (-shun).
n. Account ; recital ; description ; story ; tale ;
history. — Nar'ta-tlve (nXr'ra-tlv), a. Pertain-
ing to narration ; giving an account. — n. Ac-
count ; narration. — Nar'ra-tive-ly, adv.

Nar'lOW (nar'ro), a. Of little breadth ; not
wide or broad ; limited ; circumscribed ; nig-
gardly ; selfish ; close ; near ; involving danger ;
careful ; exact, — v. I. & i. [Narrowed (-rod) ;
Narrowing.] To contract. — n. A narrow
passage ; pi. strait connecting two bodies of
water. — Nar'row-ly, adv. — Nar'row-ness, n.

— Nar'ro W-mind'ed (-mind'ed), a. Illiberal ;
mean-spirited.

fgro, recent, orb, rude, full, uru, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tliin.

NARWHAL

278

NEATNESS

Nar'whal (nar'hwal), n. An arctic cetacean, | Nau'ti-lus (na'ti-liis), n. A small cephalopodous
having a long, twisted tusk, projecting from the I wollusk.

upper jaw like a horn. | Na'val (na'val), a. Having to do with ships or a

Pertaining to, or spoken | navy ; nautical ; marine ; maritime.

Na'sal (na'zal), a.

through, the nose. — n. Sound uttered through
the nose, or through nose and mouth simultane-
ously ; medicine to operate through the nose.

Nas'cent (nSs'sent), a. Beginning to exist or grow.

Nas'ti-ly, Nas'ti-ness. See under Nasty, a.

Nas-tur'tium ( nas - tfir ' shuni ), Nas-tur'tion
(-shun), n. A cruciferous plant of pungent taste
and flavor.

Nas'ty (nas'ty), a. \_Comp. Nastier; superl. Nas-
tiest.] Offensively filthy, dirty; foul; vile;

obscene. — Nas'ti-ly, adv. — Nas'ti-ness, n.

Na'tal (na'tal), a. Pertaining to, or dating from,
one's birth ; native ; natural.

Na'tant (na'tant), a. Floating on the surface of
a fluid. — Na'ta-tO'ri-al ( na'ta-to'rl-al ), a.
Adapted to swim. — Na'ta-to-ry (-to-ry), a.
Enaoling to swim . natatorial.

Na'tion (na'shun), n. People living under the
same government , race ; stock. — Na'tion-al
(nask'un-al), a. Pertaining to a nation , pub-
lic ; general. — Na'tion-al-ism (-Yz'm), n. State
of being national ; attachment to one's coun-
try. — Nation-al'i-ty (-al'I-ty), n. Quality of
being national, or attached to one's own nation ;
national character ; race or people of common
language and character. — Na'tion-al-ize \-a\-
iz), v. I. To make national.

Na'tive (na'tiv), a. Pertaining to one's birth ;
natal ; born with one ; indigenous , unartificial.

— n. One born in a place or country ; a denizen
by birth. — Na'tive-ly, adv. — Na'tive-ness,
n. — Na-tiv'i-ty (na-ti Vi-ty), n. Birth; time,
place, or circumstances of birth.

Nat'ty (nSt'ty), a. Neatly fine ; foppish ; spruce.

Na'ture (na'tur), n. Native character ; essential
quality ; sort ; kind ; the created universe ; reg-
ular ^course ; natural affection. — Nat'u-ral
(n5t'u-ral), a. Pertaining to the constitution
of a thing ; essential ; characteristic ; legiti-
mate ; normal ; regular ; illegitimate ; bastard.

— n. An idiot. — Nat'U-ral-ly, adv. — Nat'U-
ral-ness, n. — Nat'u-ral-ism (-iz'm), n. State
of nature ; realism ; doctrine of those who
deny the supernatural. — Nat/U-ral-ist, n. One
versed in natural science ; student of natural
history, esp. of animals ; one who holds the
doctrine of naturalism in religion. — Nat/u-ral- 1
lze (-Tz), v. t. To make natural or familiar ; to j
confer citizenship upon ; to accustom ; to habit-
uate. — Nat'u-ral-i-za'tion (-T-za'shQn), n. A
naturalizing ; admission to native privileges.

Naught (nat), n. Nothing ; the arithmetical char- I
acter 0 ; a cipher. — adv. In no degree : not
at all. — a. Of no value or account , worthless ;
bad ; vile ; naughty.

Naugh'ty (na/ty),a. [Comp. Naughtier (-tT-er) ;
superl. Naughtiest.] Mischievous ; perverse ;
froward. — Naugh'ti-ly (-tT-ly), adv. — Naugh'-
ti-ness, n. Slight wrong doing, as of children ;
perverseness.

Nau'se-a (na'she-a or na/sha), n. Seasickness ;
sickness of the stomach ; qualm — Nau'se-ate |
(-slie-at), v. i. & t. To sicken ; to disgust. —
Nau'seous (-shus), a. Causing, or fitted to
cause, nausea or disgust. — Nau'sOOUS-ly. <><h\

Nau'tic-al (na'tT-k«l), a. Pertainintr to seamen
or navigators; naval; marine; maritime.

Nave (uav), n. Block in the center of a wheel,
from which the spokes radiate ; a hub.

Nave (nav), n. Middle or body of a church, from
choir to entrance.

Na'vel (na'vl), n. The depression in the center
of the belly ; the central part or point.

Nav'i-gate (nSv'i-gat), v. i. To journey by water ,
to go in a ship. — v. t. To pass over in ships ;
to manage (ships) — NaVi-ga'tor (-ga'ier), n.
- Nav'i-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A navigating ,
method of determining a ship's position, course,
etc. ; vessels ; shipping. — Nav'i-ga-t)le (-ga-
b'l), a. Admitting of being navigated ; deep
enough for ships. — Nav'i-ga-ble-ness, Nav'l-
ga-biri-ty (-bll'I-ty), n. — Nav'i-ga-bly, adv.

Nav'vy (nav'vy), n. ; pi. Navvies (-viz). Laborer
on canals, railroads, etc.

Na'vy (na'vy^, n. ; pi. Navies (-viz). Fleet of
ships; collective force of ships, officers, and
men belonging to a nation.

Nay (na), adv. No ; not this merely, but also
— «. Denial; refusal.

Naz'a-rene' (naVa-ren'), n. An inhabitant of
Nazareth ; an early convert to Christianity.

Neap (nep), 11. Pole of a cart ; prop for the front
of a cart, etc.

Neap (nep), a. Low. — n. One of the neap tides,
whicli happen in the second and last quarters of
the moon, when the difference between high and
low water is least.

Near (ner), adv. At a little distance from ; closely;
almost. — a. Not far distant ; adjacent ; closely
connected or related ; intimate ; dear ; next to
the rider or driver of a team. — r. t & i. [Neaeed
(nerd); Neabing.] To approach ; to come
nearer. — prep. Close by ; not far from. —
Near'ly (ner'ly), adv. — Near'ness. v.

Near'slght ed (ner'sit'Sd), a. Seeing distinctly
| ;it a short distance only ; shorcsighted.

Neat (net), n. sing. & pi. Bovine cattle (hulls,
j oxen, and cows), as distinguished from horses,
I sheep, and goats. — a. Belonging to tlie bovine
genus or to such cattle.

Neat (net), a. Free from that which soils, de-
files, or disorders; pure; clean: trim; spruce.

— Neat'ly (uet'iy), adv. — Neat'ness, n.

a, e, I,o,u, long , a, e, i, 6, u, y , short ; senate, event, idea, uoey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

NEB

279

NEPTUNE

Neb (neb), n. Nose ; snout ; mouth ; beak of a
bird ; bill ; nib of a pen.

NeVtt-la (ngb'u-la), n. Faint, misty appearance
of innumerable stars in the sky ; spot ; film. —
Neb'U-lar (-ler), a. Pertaining to nebulae. —
Neb'U-lOS'i-tytnei/u-lSs'i-ty), n. State of be-
ing nebulous ; misty appearance surrounding
certain stars. — Neb'u-lOUS (ngt/u-lus), a.
Cloudy ; hazy ; nebular.

Nec'es-sa-ry (ngs'gs-sa-ry), a. Such as must be ;
inevitable ; indispensable ; requisite ; essential ;
involuntary. — n. ; pi. Necessaries (-rlz). A
thing indispensable to some purpose. — Nec'es-
sa-ri-ly, adv. — Nec'es-sa-ri-ness, n. — Ne-
ces'si-ty (ne-sSs'si-ty), n. ; pi. Necessities
(-tiz). Quality of being necessary ; indispensa-
bleness ; need ; indigence ; want ; requisite ;
overruling power ; fate ; fatality. — Ne-ces'si-
tate (-tat), v. t. To make necessary or indis-
pensable ; to force ; to compel. — Ne-ces'si-
tOUS (-tus), a. Very needy or indigent ; desti-
tute. — Ne-ces'si-tous-ly, adv. — Ne-ces'si-
tous-ness, n.

Neck (ngk), n. Part of the body connecting head
and trunk ; slender part of a retort, bottle,
etc. ; narrow tract of land connecting larger
tracts. — Neck'lace (-las), n. String of beads,
etc., worn upon the neck. — Neck'tie7 (#!')> n.
Band tied round the collar.

Ne-crol'O-gy (ne-kr51'6-j^),rc. Register of deaths.

— Ne-crol'O-gist (-jist), n. One who records
deaths. — NeCro-log'ic-al (nek/ro-loyi-kal), a.
Pertaining to an account of deaths.

Nec'ro-man'cy (ngk'ro-m&i'sy), n. Divination
by pretended communication with the dead ;
conjuration ; enchantment. — Nec'ro-man'oer
(-ser), n. Sorcerer ; wizard. — Nec'ro-man/tic
(-man'tik), a. Pertaining to, or performed by,
necromancy.

Ne-crop'O-lis (ne-krop'6-lis), n. City of the dead ;
cemetery ; graveyard.

NeCtar (nek'ter), n. The fabled drink of the
gods ; delicious beverage. — Nec'tai-OUS (-us),
Nec-ta're-al (-ta're-ai), Nec-ta're-an (-an), Nec-
ta're-ous (-us), a. Delicious.

Nec'tar-lne (ngk'ter-Tn), n. A variety of peach.

Nec'ta-ry (ngk'ta-r^), n. Honey gland of a flower.

— Nec-ta'ri-al (-ta'rl-al), a. Pertaining to the
nectary.

||N6e (na), p. p. Born ; — said in giving the
maiden name of a married woman.

Need (ned), n. Urgent want ; necessity ; emer-
gency ; distress ; destitution ; poverty. — v. t.
To be in want of ; to lack. — v. i. To be wanted ;
to be necessary. — Needs (nedz), adv. Of neces-
sity; necessarily. — Need'ful (ned'ful), a. Full
of need ; needy ; requisite. — Need'ful-ly, adv.

— Need'ful-ness, n. — Need'y (ned'y), a. Poor;
necessitous. — Need'i-ly, adv. — Need'i-ness,
n. — Need'less, a. Having no need ; unneces-
sary ; not requisite. — Need'less-ly, adv. —
Need'less-ness, n.

Nee'dle (ne'd'l), n. A pointed steel instrument,
for drawing a thread in sewing ; magnetized bar
of steel, in a compass, turning freely toward
the magnetic poles of the earth. — Nee'dle-ful
(-ful), n. As much thread as a needle carries
at one time. — Needle gun. A firearm loaded
at the breach by a cartridge which is exploded
by a pin or needle driven into it. — Nee'dle-
WOm'an, n. A seamstress.

Needs, Need'y, etc. See under Need, n.

Ne'er (nar or n£r), adv. Contraction of Neveb.

Ne-fa'ri-OUS (ne-fa'ri-Qs), a. Wicked in the ex-
treme ; atrociously villainous ; iniquitous ; atro-
cious ; infamous. — Ne-f a'ri-OUS-ly, adv.

Ne-ga'tion (ne-ga'shun), n. A denying ; denial.

— Neg'a-tlve (ngg'a-tlv), a. Implying denial ,
stopping ; restraining. — n. A proposition by
which something is denied or forbidden ; a word
that denies ; a veto ; a photographic picture upon
glass in which light portions of the original are
represented in opaque material, and the dark
portions by the transparent ground of the pic
ture. — v. t. To disprove ; to reject ; to coun-
teract. — Neg'a-tlve-ly, adv.

Neg-lect' (ugg-lekf), r. t. To omit carelessly ; to
pass unimproved or undone ; to omit ; to slight.

— n. Negligence ; inattention ; slight ; indif-
ference.— Neg-lect'lul (-ful), a. Careless; inat-
tentive ; treating with neglect or slight. — Neg-
lect'ful-ly, adv. — Neg'li-gent (ngg'ii-jent), a.
Apt to neglect ; customarily neglectful ; heed-
less; remiss. — Neg'li-gent-ly, adv. — Neg'li-
gence (-jens), n. Neglect ; negligent act. —
Neg'11-gee7 ( ugg/lT-zha' ; F. na'gle'zha' ), n.
Unceremonious attire ; undress ; dishabille.

Ne-go'ti-ate (ne-go'shl-at), v. i. & t. To transact
business; to bargain; to sell; to pass.— Ne-go'tl-
a'tor (-ter), n. — Ne-gO'tl-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Ca-
pable of being negotiated ; transferable to an-
other person. — Ne-go^tl-a-bil'i-ty (-bil'I-ty),
n. — Ne-gO'ti-a'tion (-shT-a'shun), n. A negoti-
ating ; trading ; transaction of business between
nations.

Ne'gro (ne'gro), n. ; pi. Negroes (-groz). A black
man ; one of a black race inhabiting Africa. —
Ne'gress (-grgs), n. A female negro.

Ne'gus (ne'gus), n. A mixture of wine, water,
sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice.

Neigh (na), v. i. [Neighed (nad) ; Neighing.]
To cry as a horse ; to whinny. — n. Cry of a
horse.

Neigb/bor (na'ber), n. Person living near one ;
one entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kind-
ness. — a. Near to another ; adjoining ; next.

— v. L To adjoin ; to be near to. — Neighbor-
ly (-ber-ly), n. Becoming a neighbor ; social ;
friendly. — Neighnbor-li-ness, n. — Neighbor-
hood (-liood), n. Vicinity; people of a region.

Nei'ther (ne'ther or Dither), a. Not either ; not
the one or the other. — conj. Not either ; nor.

Ne-ol'O-gy (ne-51'o-j^), n. Introduction or use
of new words or doctrines. — Ne-ol'O-gism
(-jTz'm), n. New word, expression, or doctrine.

— Ne-Ol'O-gist (-jist), n. One chargeable with
neology. — Ne'0-log'ic-al (ne'o-loj'i-kol), a.
Pertaining to neology ; employing new words.

Ne'0-phyte (ne'6-fit), n. A new convert or prose-

lvte : novice ; tyro.
Neo-ter'ic (ne'o-ter'ik), Ne'o-ter'ic-al (-t-kal),

a. Recent in origin ; modern ; new.
Neph/ew (ngf'u ; in Eng. ngv'u), n. The son of

a brother or sister.
Ne-phrit'ic (ne-frit'Tk), a. Pertaining to, having

disease of, or relieving disorders of, the kidneys.

— n. Medicine for disease of the kidneys.
Nep'0-tism (ngp'o-tlz'm), n. Favoritism to rela-
tions. — Nep'O-tist (-tist), n. One who prac-
tices nepotism.

Nep'tune (ngp'tiin), n. Mythological god of
the sea, fountains, and rivers ; planet beyond

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tnen, thin.

NEPTUNIAN

280

NICKEL

Uranus, being 2,775,000^000 miles from the sun.

— Nep-tU'ni-an (nep-tu'iiT-an), a. Pertaining
to Neptune or to the ocean ; iormed by water or
aqueous solution.

Ne're-id (ne're-Td), n. Mythological sea nymph,

one of the daughters of Nereus.
Nerve (nerv), n. One of the bundles of fibers which
establish communication between parts of the
animal body and the brain and spinal cord, or
the central ganglia ; physical strength, vigor, or
soundness ; firmness ; courage. — v. t. [Nerved
(nervd) ; Nerving.] To give strength or vigor
to ; to supply with force. — Nerve'less (nerv'-
les), a. Destitute of vigor. — Nerv'ine (nerv'-
i In), a. Quieting nervous excitement. — n.
\ Medicine to act on the nerves or soothe ex-
| citement. — Nerv'OUS (-us), a. Pertaining to
the nerves ; possessing nerve or vigor ; forci-
ble ; having the nerves deranged or weak ; easily
agitated ; excitable ; timid. — Nerv'OUS-ly, adv.

— Nerv'ous-ness, n.

Nes'cience (nSsh'ens), n. Want of knowledge ;
ignorance.

Nest (nest), n. A bird's bed or receptacle for lay-
ing her eggs
and rearing
her young;
place for the
eggs of in-
sects, turtles,
etc. ; snug
residence o r
situation ; col-
lection of
boxes, etc.,
fitting one
within the
other. — v. i.
To build and
occupy a nest. — v. t. To put into a nest ; to
make a nest for. — Nest egg. Egg left in the
nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it ; some-
thing laid up as the beginning of a collection.

— Nes'tle (neV'l), v. i. [Nestled ( -'Id ) ;
Nestling (-ling).] To lie close and snug, as a
bird in her nest. — Nes'tling (-ling), n. Young
bird in the nest. — a. Newly hatched.

Net (net), n. Fabric of twine wrought in meshes,
for catching fish, birds, or beasts ; a snare. —
v. t. & i. [Netted ; Netting.] To make into
a net ; to form network ; to take in a net. —
Net'ting (ngt'tlng), n. Piece of network ;
process of making nets. — Net'work' (-wfirk'),
n. Fabric of netted
cords, wires, etc.

Net (net), a. Pure ; clear
of charges, deductions,
etc. — v. t. To produce
as clear profit.

Netb/er (ngth'Sr), a. Ly-
ing or being beneath, or
in the lower part ; low-
er. — Neth'er-most'
(-most/), a. Lowest.

Net'tlng, n. See under
Net, a fabric.

Net'tle (ngt't'l), n. A
Ii 1 ;i n t covered w i t li
sharp prickly and poi- Nettle.

sonous hairs. — r. t.
[Nettled (-t'ld) ; Nettling.] To fret ; to sting

Xest of American Goldfinch.

to irritate ; to vex. — Nettle rash. An eruptive
disease resembling the effects of the sting of a,
nettle.

Net'work', n. See under Net, a fabric.

Neu-ral'gi-a (nu-rSl'jT-a), n. Acute pain in the
nerves. —Neu-ral'giC (-jik), a. Pertaining to
neuralgia.

Neu-rol'O-gy ( nu-rol'o-jy ), n. Science of the
nerves. —Neu-rot'iC (-rot'ik), c. Relating to
the nerves ; useful in disorders of the nerves.

Neu'ter (nu'ter), a. Of neither party, or neither
gender ; neutral. — n. One who takes no part
in a contest ; a neutral ; working bee. — Neu'-
tral (-tral), a. Not engaged on either side;
neuter; indifferent. — n. A person or nation
that takes no part in a contest between others.

— Neu'tral-ly, adv. — Neu-tral'i-ty (nu-trai'l-

ty), n. State of being neutral ; indifference. —
Neu'tral-ize (nu'tral-iz), v. t. To render neu-
tral ; to destroy the effect of ; to render inert ;
to counteract. —Neu'tral-i-za'tion (-T-za'shiin),
n. A neutralizing ; state of being neutralized.

NeVer (ngv'er), adv. Not ever ; not at any time ;
not in the least. — Nev'er-the-less' (-the-leV),
adv. Not the less ; notwithstanding ; yet.

New (nu), a. Novel ; recent ; fresh ; modern. —
New'ly, adv. — Newness, n. — New'i an gled
(nu'f£n/g'ld), a. New made ; formed with af-
fectation of novelty. — New'ish, a. Somewhat
new. — News (nuz), n. Recent account; tid-
ings ; intelligence ; advice. — News'mon'ger
(-inun/ger), n. One who deals in news. —
News'pa'per (-pa7 per), n. Public print that
circulates news, advertisements, etc.

New'found-land' (nu'fiind-land', often nu-found'-
land), n. An island on the coast of British
North America ; a Newfoundland dog, a large
dog, very docile, and a powerful swimmer.

Newt (nut), n. A small lizard ; an eft.

Next (ngkst), a., superl. of Nigh. Nearest in
place, time, quality, rank, or relation. — adv.
At the time or turn immediately succeeding.

Nib (nib), n. A prong; the beak of a bird; a
point of a pen. — 'v. t. ( [Nibbed (nibd) ; Nib-
bing.] To furnish with 'a nib ; to point.

Nibble (nlb'b'l), v. t. & i. [Nibbled (-b'ld) ; Nib-
bling.] To eat slowlv or in small bits. — n. A
little bite. — NibOjlef (-bier), n.

Nice (nis), a. Pleasing to the taste ; dainty ;
delicate; fine ; accurate :
precise ; particular ; scrupu-
lous ; fastidious ; finical ; ef-
feminate. — Nice'ly (nisly),
adv. — Nice'ness, n. —
Ni'ce-ty (ni'se-ty), »■ Qual-
ity of being nice ; delicacy ;
delicate management ; pre-
cision ; fastidiousness ; esp.
in pi. delicacy.

Niche (inch), n. A recess in
a wall ; an alcove.

Nick (nTk), n. Notch ; score
for keeping an account ; par-
ticular point or place. — v. t.
[Nicked (nikt) ; Nicking.]
To cut in nicks or notches ;
to notch ; to suit or fit into.

Nlck'el (nTk'fl), n. A gray-
ish-white metal of the iron JSiche.

group ; a coin (worth 1, 2, or 5 cents), contain-
ing nickel.

I Js5«kS>

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, Ouey, unite, care, arm, ask, fill, final,

N1CKNACK

281

NOBBILY

Nick'nack' (nlk'na'k'), n. A small thing ; trifle.
Nick'namd7 (nik'uaui' ), n. A name given in

contempt, derision, or familiarity. — v. t. To

give a nickname to.

Nic'tate (nlk'tat), Nlc'ti-tate (-tT-tat), v. i.
To wink ; to blink. — Nic-ta'tion ( -ta'shun ),
NiCtl-ta'tlon (-ti-ta'shun), n. Act of winking.

llNi/dUS (ni'dus), n. ; pi. Nidi (ni'di). A nest of
birds, insects, etc. ; breeding place. — Nid'i-f i-
ca'tlon ( nid'T-fT-ka'shun ), n. A building a
nest, and hatching of young. — Nid'u-late
(ntd'u-lat), v. i. To make a nest. — Nid'U-la'-
tlon (-la'shun), n. Time of remaining in the
nest, as of a bird.

Niece (nes), n. Daughter of a brother or sister.

Nig'gard (ntg'gerd), n. One meanly close and
covetous ; a miser. — a. Sordid ; miserly. —
Nig'gard-ly,«. Niggard.— Nig'gard-li-ness, n.

Nig'ger (nTg'ger), n. A negro. [Vulgar]

Nigh (ni), a. [Compar. Nigher ( - er ) ; superl.
Nighest or Next (nSkst).] Not distant ; near.
— adv. Almost; nearly, —prep. Near to.

Night (nit), n. Time from sunset to sunrise ;
darkness ; ignorance ; adversity ; death. —
Night'ly (nlt'ly), a. Done by night or every
night. — adv. In the night ; every night. —
Night/cap' (-k5p/), n. Cap worn in bed or in
undress. — Night'fall' (-fal'), n. Close of the
day ; evening. — Night'gown' (nit'gonn'), n.
Loose gown used for undress or for a sleeping
garment. — Night hawk. American bird akin
to the goatsucker, which hunts its prey to-
ward evening. — Night walker. One who
walks in his sleep ; a somnambulist ; one who
roves about in the night for evil purposes. —
Night watch. A period in the night, as dis-
tinguished by the change of watch ; a guard to
afford protection in the night.

Night'in-gale (nit'Tn-gal), n. A European bird
that sings at night with great sweetness.

Nightingale

Night'ly, a. & adv. See under Night, n.

Night'mare/ (nit'maT'), n. Sensation in sleep as
of pressure on the chest or stomach ; incubus ;
any oppressive influence.

Night' Shade7 (nit'shad'), n. A low branching
weed, having small, white flowers, and black
berries thought to be poisonous.

■ HNi'hil (nl'hll), n. Nothing. — Ni-hil'i-ty (nt-
hll'T-ty), n. Nothingness. — Ni'hil-ism (nl'-
hTl-iz'm), n. Nothingness ; nihility ; doctrine
that nothing can be known ; skepticism ■; doc-
trines of nihilists. — Ni'hll-ist, n. An advocate
of nihilism ; disbeliever in the social improve-
ment of men ; one of a political secret organ-
ization for the destruction of government.

Nim'hle (turn' ■')). a. [Nimbler (-bier); Nim-
blest.] L-yui aiid -quick in motion; agile; ac-
tive ; brisk ; expert. — Nim'bly, adv. — Nlm'-
ble-ness, n.

Nim'bUS (nlm'bus), n. ; pi. L. Nimbi (-bi), E.
Nimbuses (-ez). Circle of rays of light around
the heads in paintings of divinities, saints, etc. ;
a halo ; a rain cloud.

Nine (nin), a. One more than eight, or less than
ten. — n. Sum of five and four; symbol rep-
resenting nine units (9 or ix.). — Nine'fold'
(nln'fokV), a. Nine times repeated. — Nine'-
pins (-pinz), n. A game in which a ball is
rolled at nine wooden pins, to knock them
down. — Ninth (ninth), a. Following the
eighth and preceding the tenth ; being one of
nine equal parts into which a thing is divided.

— n. One of nine equal parts; the next after
the eighth. —Ninthly (ninth'ly), adv. In the
ninth place. — Nine'teen' (-ten'). ". Nine and
ten. —n. Sum of ten and nine ; symbol repre-
senting nineteen units (19 or xix.). — Nine'-
teenth' (-tenth'), «. Following the eighteenth
and preceding the twentieth ; being one of
nineteen equal parts into which a thing is di-
vided. — n. One of nineteen equal parts; the
next after the eighteenth. — Nine'ty (-ty), a.
Nine times ten; one more than 89. — n. Sum
of nine times ten ; symbol representing ninety
units (90 or xc). — Nine'ti-eth (-ti-eth), a.
Next after the eighty-ninth ; being one of ninety
equal parts. — n. One of ninety equal parts ;
the next after the eighty-ninth.

Nin'ny (nin'n?), n. ; pi. Ninnies (-ntz). A fool ;
a simpleton.

Nip (nip), v. t. [Nipped (nipt) ; Ndpping.] To
inclose and compress tightly ; to pinch ; to blast,
■ as by frost ; to destroy ; to bite. — n. A seizing;
pinch with the nails or teeth ; blast ; destruction
by frost. — Nip'per (nip'per), n. The fore tooth
of a horse ; pi. pincers.

Nip'ple (niyp'1), n. Protu-
berance by which milk is
drawn from the breasts of
females ; a teat ; a pap ; pro- Nippers,

jection having an orifice for discharging a fluid
or for other purposes.

Nit (nit), n. The epg of an insect.

Ni'ter ( nl'ter ), Ni'tre, n. Potassium nitrate,
a white, crystalline salt, used in manufacture
of gunpowder and in medicine ; — called also
saltpeter. — Ni'trate (ni'trat), n. Salt of nitric
acid. — Nitrate Of Silver. Lunar caustic. —
Ni'tric (-trlk), a. Pertaining to, or containing,
nitrogen. —Nitric acid. A powerful, corrosive
acid. — Ni'tTOUS (-trfis), Nl'try (-try), a. Per-
taining to, containing, or like, niter. — Ni'tTO-
gen (-tro-jgn), n. A gas, without taste, odor,
or color, forming nearly four fifths of common
air. — Ni'tro-gen-ize (-jgn-Iz), v. t. To imbue
with nitrogen. — Ni/tTO-glyc'er-in (nl'tro-glis'-
er-in), n. A tremendously explosive compound
of nitric acid or glycerin with sulphuric acid.

No (no), a. Not any; not one; none. — adv.
Nay. — n. i pi. Noes (noz). A refusal by use of
the word no; a denial; negative vote; one who
votes in the negative.

Nob (n5b), n. The head. [Zow]

Nob (n5b), n. Nobleman ; one of high social
position. — Nob'by (-b^), a. Stylish ; in vogue.

— NobO)i-ly, adv.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, u.ru, iood, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

NOBLE

282

NONPAREIL

NoH3le (no'b'l), a. [Nobler (-bier); Noblest.]
Possessing eminence, dignity, or exalted rank ;
worthy ; sublime ; great ; stately ; grand ; gen-
erous ; free. — n. A nobleman ; a peer ; a gold
coin. — No'bly, adv. — No'ble-ness, n. — No-
bil'i-ty (iio-bil'i-ty), n. Nobleness ; quality of
being noble ; patrician dignity ; the aristocratic
and patrician class ; the peerage. — No'ble-man,
to. A noble ; peer.

Not)Od-y (n6yb5d-y), to. ; pi. Nobodies (-iz). No
person ; not anybody ; person of no importance.

Noc-tam'bu-list (nok-taui'bu-lTst), n. One who
walks in his sleep ; a somnambulist.

Noc'turn (nok'tftrn), n. Religious service by
night. — Noc-tUT'nal (-ttir'nul), a. Pertaining
to, or done at, night ; seeking food at night.

Nod (nod), v. i. & t. [Nodded ; Nodding.] To
bow (the head) quickly, esp. in assent or salu-
tation ; to signify by a nod ; to be drowsy. — n.
A bending forward of the upper part or top of
anything ; quick forward motion of the head, in
assent, salutation, drowsiness, or as a signal.

Nod'al, a. See under Node, n.

Nod'dle (nod'd'l), n. The head.

Nod'dy (nod'd^), n. A simpleton ; a fool; a sea
fowl, the booby, tern, etc.

3&~

ere me uiun

Noddy.

Node (nod), n. Knot: knob; point where the orbit
of a planet intersects the eclip-
tic ; oval figure, or knot, formed
by the folding of a geometric curve
upon itself .— Nod'al (nod'al), a. Nod(
Of the nature of, or relating to, a
node. — No-dose' (n6-dos'), a. Having knots
or swelling joints ; knotted. — No - dOS ' i - ty
(-dSs'T-t^), n. Knottiness ; a knot ; a swelling.

— Nod'u-lar (n5d'u-ler), a. Pertaining to, or
in the form of, a nodule. — Nod'ule (-ul), n.
A rounded mass of irregular shape.

Nog (n5g), n. Wooden block built into a wall, as
a hold for nails. — v. t. [Nooged (nogd) ; Noo-
ging.] To fill in (between scantling) with brick-
work. — Nog'ging, n. Rough brick masonry
filling interstices in a wooden building.

Nog'gln (nSg'gTn), 7?. Small mug or wooden cup.

Noise (noiz), n. Sound of any kind; clamor;
din; clatter; uproar. — r. t. [Noised (noizd) ;
Noising.] To sound loud. — v. t. To spread by
rumor ; to report.— Nols'y (noiz'J), a. [Noisier
(-T-er) ; Noisiest.] Making a noise ; full of
noise ; turbulent ; boisterous. — NolS'i-ly, adv.

— Nols'i-ness, n. — Nolse'less, a. Making no
noise; silent. — Noiselessly, adv.— Noise'-
less-ness, to.

Nol'some (noi'sum), a. Injurious to health ; un-
wholesome ; disgusting ; fetid. — Nol'some-ly,
adi . — Nol'some-ness. n.

Nols'y, a. See under Noise, to.

Nom'ad (nom'ad), to. One of a race having no
fixed location, but wandering from place to

place. — a. Roving ; restless. — No-mad'iC
( n6-mXd'Tk ), a. Wandering. — Nom/ad-ism
(n5m'ad-iz'm), n. State of being a nomad.

No'men-Cla'ture (uo'meu-kla'tur), n. System of.
technical names in any science ; terminology.

Nom'i-nal (nom'i-nal), a. Pertaining to names ;
existing in name only ; not real. — n. A verb
formed from a noun. — Nom'i-nal-ly, adv. By
name, or hi name only. — Nom'i-nate (-nit), v. t.
To name ; to appoint ; to propose by name, or
otter the name of (a candidate for office). —
Nom'i-na'tor ( - na ' ter ), n. — Noml-na'tlon
(-na'shun), n. A naming or nominating ; state
of being nominated ; power of nominating. —
Nom'i-na-tive, a. Naming ; designating. — n.
The grammatical case in which the subject of
a verb stands. — Nom'i-nee' (-ne'), n. One
named, or proposed, for office or for election to
office.

Non'age (non'aj), n. Time of life before one
reaches legal age ; minority.

Non/a-ge-na'ri-an (non'a-je-na'ri-an), to. One
ninety years old.

Non'a-gon (non'a-gon), n. A polygon having nine
angles.

Non'at-tend'ance (non'St-tend'ans), ?i. Failure
to attend.

Nonce (n5ns), to. The present occasion.

; Non'cna'lailt' ( nbN'sha/laN' ), a. Indifferent ;
careless; cool. — Non'cha'lance' (-laNs'), to.
Indifference.

Non- com-mls'sioned (non'kSm-mish'und), a. Not
having a commission.

Non'con-duct'or (n5n-k5n-duk'tei), n. Substance
which does not transmit heat, electricity, etc.,
or which transmits it with difficulty.

Non/COn-form/ist (nSn'kSn-fSrm'ist),??.. One who
does not conform to an established church, esp.
to the Church of England or of Scotland. —
Non'COn-fonn'i-ty (-T-tjf), «. Neglect or failure
of conformity.

Non'de-SClipt (n5n'de-skrlpt), a. Not hitherto
described ; odd ; irregular. — n. A thing not
yet described ; something abnormal.

None (nun), a. & pron. No one; not anything ;
no ; not any.

Non-en'ti-ty ( nSn-gu'tT-t^ ), to. Nonexistence ;
negation of being ; thing not existing ; person
or thing of little account ; a nobody.

Nones (nonz), n. pi. Among the Romans, the 5th
day of January, February, April, June, August,
September, November, and December, and 7th
of March, May, July, and October.

None'SUCh' (nun'such'), to. Something extraor-
dinary ; a tiling that has not its equal.

Non'ex-lst'ence (nSn'Sgz-Tst'ens), ?i. Absence of
existence ; nonentity ; thing that has no being.

Non'ful-fill'ment (nBii'lul-fll'ment), n. Neglect
or failure to fulfill.

No-nllllon ( ni-nil'yun ), n. By French and
American notation, a thousand octillions, or a
unit with 30 ciphers annexed ; by English nota-
tion, a million octillions, or a unit with 54
ciphers annexed.

Non-Ju'ror (non-ju'rer), n. One who refuses to
take oath of allegiance to the government.

Non'pa-rell' (n5n'pa-rgl'), n. Something of un-
equaled excellence ; a sort of apple ; 6inall size
of printing type.

fltj^ This is nonpareil type.

a, e, I, u, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, a, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

NONPAYMENT

283

NOTCH

Non-pay'ment (uou-pa'uient), n. Neglect to pay.

Non'plUS (uou'plus), n. -Insuperable difficulty ;
a puzzle. — Non'plttS' (-PIGS'), v.t. [Nonplused
(-plusf) ; Non 'losing.] To puzzle ; to con-
found ; to put to a stand.

Non-res'i-dence (n5n-rez'T-dens), n. Failure to
reside at the place where one is stationed. —
Non-res'i-dent (-dent), a. Not residing in a par-
ticular place, — n. One not a resident of a
particular place, or who absents himself from
discharge of duties.

NonTe-Sist/ant (non're-zTsf'/nt), a. Making no
resistance to power or oppression. — n. One
who maintains that no resistance should be
made to constituted authority, even when un-
justly exercised. — Non're-sist'ance (-ana), n.
Principles or practice of a nonresistant ; passive
obedience.

Non'sense (non'sSns), n. That which is not
sense, or has no sense ; things of no impor-
tance. — Non-3en/si-cal (-sen's! kal), a. Un-
meaning ; absurd ; foolish. — Non-sen'si-cal-
ly, adv. — Non-sen'si-cal-ness, n.

llNon seq'Ui-tur (n5n sek'wT-tur). [L.,it does
not follow.] An inference which does not fol-
low from the premises.

Non'SUit' (n5n'sut'), n. Neglect or failure by a
plaintiff to follow up his suit. — v. t. To ad-
judge or record (a plaintiff) as having dropped
his suit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow
it up.

Noo/dle (nooM'l), n. A simpleton ; a blockhead.

Noo'dfe (nooM'l), n. A strip of dough, made with
eggs,)eaten in soup.

Nook Qidok), n. A corner ; a recess ; a secluded
retre\t.

Noon (noon), n. Middle of the day ; midday ;
twelve o'clock. — a. Belonging to midday ;
meridional. — Noon'day' (noon'da7), n. Mid-
day. — a. Meridional. — Noon'ing, n. Repose
at noon ; repast at noon. — Noon'tide7 (-tld/), n.
Midday. — a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional.

Noose (nobs or nobz), n. A running knot, which
binds closer the more it is drawn.— v. t. [Noosed
(noost) ; Noosing.] To tie or catch in a noose ;
to insnare.

Nor (nor), conj. Negative particle, introducing
the second member of a negative proposition,
following: neither, or not, in the first.

No'ri-a (no'ri-a), n. A Persian wheel ; a water
wheel, turned by a stream strik-
ing its floats, and raising buck-
ets near its circumference,
which pour water into a trough.

Nor'mal (nSr'mol), a. Accord-
ing to an established rule or
principle ; regular ; ordinary.
— Normal school. A school
for education of teachers.

Nor'man (nor'mnn), 7i. Native
or inhabitant of Normandy. —
a. Pertaining to Normandy,
or to the Normans.

Norse (n6rs), a. Of or pertaining to ancient
Scandinavia. — n. Language of ancient Scan-
dinavia. — Norse'man (n6rs'man), n. Inhab-
itant of ancient Scandinavia ; Northman.

North (north), n. The one of the four cardinal
points lying in the direction of the true merid-
ian ; direction opposite to the south, — a. Ly-
ing toward, or situated at, the north. — v. i.

Nona.

To turn or move toward the north. — adv.
Northward. — North'er (noTth'er), n. Wind
blowing from the north. — North'er- ly, a. Be-
ing toward the north ; northern ; from the
north. — adv. Toward the north ; in a northern
direction ; proceeding from the north. — North'-
ern (-em), a. Being in, or near to, the north ;
in a direction toward the north. — North'ern-er,
n. A resident in the north. — North' ern-most'
( - most ' ), a. Situated at the point furthest
north. — North'ward (north'werd), a. Being
toward the north. — North 'ward, North'-
wards (-werdz), adv. Toward the north, or
toward a point nearer to the north than the
east and west points. — North ' ward - ly, a.
Having a northern direction. — adv. In a north-
ern direction. — North'east' (n&rth'esf), n.
Point between the north and east, at equal dis-
tance from each. — a. Pertaining to, or pro-
ceeding from, the northeast. — North/ east'er-ly
(-esfer-ly), a. Toward, or coming from, the
northeast. — North'east'ern (-em), a. Pertain-
ing to, or being in, a direction to the northeast.

— North' west' (-wSaf), n. Point b«trw»«n
north and west, and equally distant from each.

— a. Pertaining to, or in the direction of,
being in, or proceeding from, the northwest. —
North' west'er-ly (-er-iy), a. Toward or from
the northwest. — North' west 'em (-em), a.
Pertaining to, or being in, or in a direction to,
the northwest.

Nor-we'gl-an (nor-we'jT-an), a. Of or pertain-
ing to Norway. — n. An inhabitant of Norway.

Nose (noz), n. Prominent part of the face ; or-
gan of smell ; scent ; vent ; snout ; nozzle. —
v. t. [Nosed (nozd) ; Nosing (noz'Tng).] To
smell ; to scent ; to track. — Nose'bleed' (noz'-
bled'), n. Hemorrhage or bleeding at the nose.

— Nose'gay' (-ga7), n. A bunch of flowers; a
bouquet ; a posy.

No-SOl'0-gy ( no-sol'6-jy' ), n. Classification of
diseases. — No-SOl'0-gist (-j 1st) , n . One versed
in nosology. — Nos'O-lOg'iC-al (noV6-15j'T-kal),
a. Pertaining to nosology.

Nos'tril (nos'tril), n. One of the two channels
through the -nose.

Nos'tnun (nos'trum), n. A quack or patent med-
icine ; scheme or advice of a quack.

Not (not), adv. A word expressing negation, de-
nial, or refusal.

Not'a-ble (not'a-b'l), a. Noticeable ; evident ;
worthy of notice ; remarkable ; distinguished
for good management ; actively industrious ;
smart. — Not'a-bly, adv. In a notable man-
ner ; memorably ; industriously. — Not'a-ble-
ness, n. — Not'a-hil'i-ty (-bYll-ty), n. Quality
of being notable ; a notable or remarkable per-
son or thing.

No'ta-ry (no'ta-ijf), n. ; pi. Notables (-ta-riz).
A public officer who attests deeds and other writ-
ings, to make them authentic. — No-ta'ri-al
(no-ta'rT-tfl), a. Pertaining to, done or taken
by, a notary.

No-ta'tlon (no -ta' shun), n. A recording by
marks, figures, or characters ; in arithmetic
and algebra, the expressing numbers and quan-
tities by figures or signs.

Notch (n5ch), n. A nick ; an indentation ; a
deep pass or defile between mountains. — r. t.
[Notched (n5cht) ; Notching.] To cut in small
hollow* : to place in a notch.

fern, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

NOTE

284

NUMERATE

Note (n5t), n. A mark or token ; a symbol ; a sign,
to call attention ; memorandum ; brief remark ;
comment ; short letter ; diplomatic paper ;
written or printed paper acknowledging a debt,
and promising payment ; musical character, to
indicate the length of a tone ; musical sound ;
notice ; reputation ; distinction. — v. t. To no-
tice with care ; to remark ; to heed ; to record
in writing ; to stand ; to designate. — Note'book/
(notebook'), n. Book in which memorandums
are written or notes of hand are registered. —
Not'ed (not'ed), a. Well known by reputation ;
celebrated ; remarkable ; illustrious ; famous.
— Not'ed-ly, adv. — Not'ed-ness, n. — Note'-
wor'thy (-wfir'thy), a. Worthy of notice.

Noth'ing (nuth'iug), n. Not anything ; nonenity ;
nothingness ; a trifle. — adv. In no degree ;
not at all. — Noth'ing-ness, n. Nihility ; non-
existence ; a thing of no value.

No'tice (uo'tis), n. A noting, remarking, or ob-
serving ; writing containing formal information;
respectful treatment ; regard ; heed ; consider-
ation ; advice ; news. — v. t. [Noticed (-tist) ;
Noticing.] To remark ; to observe ; to see ; to
heed; to mention. — No'tice-a-ble (-a-b'l), a.
Capable or worthy of being observed ; likely to
attract attention.

No'ti-fy (no'tT-fy), v . t. [Notified (-fid) ; Noti-
fying.] To make known ; to publish ; to give
notice to. — No'ti-f i-ca'tion (-f I-ka'shun), n. A
giving notice ; writing which communicates in-
formation ; advertisement, citation, etc.

No'tion (no'shun),ra. Idea; conception ; opinion ;
small article ; trifling thing. — No'tion-al (-cl),
a. Consisting of, or conveying, notions or
ideas ; existing in idea only ; visionary ; fanci-
ful. — No'tion-al-ly, adv.

No-to'ri-OUS (no-to'ri-iis), a. Generally known
and talked of ; remarkable ; conspicuous ; fa-
mous. — No-to'ri-ous-ly, adv. — No-to'ri-ous-
ness, No'to-ri'e-ty (no'to-ri'e-t^), n.

HNo/tO-tre'ma ( no'to-tre'ma ), n. The South
American pouched
frog.

Not'with - standing
(not 'with - stand'-
Tng), prep. With-
out opposition or
obstruction from ;
in spite of ; de-
spite. — adv. or
conj. Although ;
ne\ ertheless ; how-
ever.

Nought (nat), n.
Same as Naught.

Noun (noun), n. A word used as the designation
of anything.

Nour'ish (niir'Tsh), v. t. To feed ; to furnish with
nutriment ; to supply means of support and in-
crease to ; to encourage ; to cherish ; to sup-
ply. — v. i. To promote growth. — Nourish-
ment (-ment),«. A nourishing; nutrition; food;
sustenance.

Nov'el (noVel), a. Of recent origin or introduc-
tion ; unusual ; strange; new. — n. A fictitious
narrative. — NoVel-iSt, n. A writer of novels.
— Nov'el-ty (-el-ty), n. Quality of being novel ;
newness ; a new or strange thing.

No-vem'ber (no-vem'ber), n. Eleventh month of
the year.

Nototrema.

Nov'ice (nbVTs), n. One new in any business ; a
beginner ; one newly received into the church
or into a religious house. — No-vi/ti-ate (no-
vish'I-at), n. State or condition of being a
novice ; time of probation.

Now (nou), adv. At the present time. — Now
and then. At one time and another, indefinitely ;
occasionally ; at intervals. — Now ' a - days '
(nou'a-daV), adv. In this age ; at the present
period.

No'way' (no'wa/), No'ways7 (-waz'), adv. In no
manner or degree ; not at all ; nowise.

No'where' (no'hwaV), adv. Not anywhere ; not
in any place or state.

No'wise' (no'wlz'), adv. Not in any manner or
degree.

Nox'ious (nok'shus), a. Productive of injury ;
hurtful ; destructive ; pernicious ; corrupting ;
unwholesome ; insalubrious. — Nox'ious-ly,
adv. — Nox'ious-ness, n.

Noz'zle (noz'z'l), n. A nose ; a snout ; a project-
ing vent of anything.

Nu'cle-US (nu'kle-us), n. ; pi. E. Nucleuses (-ez),
L. Nuclei (-i). A kernel ; a central mass or
point about which matter is gathered ; central
part of the body of a comet.

Nude (nud), a. Bare ; naked ; uncovered. — Nu-
da'tion (nu-da'shun), n. A stripping, or mak-
ing bare or naked. — Nu'di-ty (nu'dT-tyj, n.
Nakedness ; undraped or unclothed portion.

Nudge (nuj), v. t. [Nudged (nujd) ; Nudging.]
To touch gently, as with the elbow, to call at-
tention. — 11. A push with the elbow.

Nu'ga-to-ry ( nu'ga-to-ry^ ), a. Trifling; vain;
futile ; ineffectual.

Nug'get (nug'get), n. A lump ; a mass, esp. of
precious metal.

Nui/sance (nu'sons), n. That which annoys or
gives trouble ; a thing that produces inconven-
ience or damage.

Null (mil), a. Of no force or validity; invalid;
void ; nugatory ; of no significance. — Nul'li-fy
(nul'lT-fi), v. t. To make void ; to render in-
valid ; to abolish ; to abrogate ; to revoke ; to
annul ; to repeal. — Nul'li-fi'er, n. — NuFli-fi-
ca'tlon (-fi-ka'shiin), n. A nullifying; a ren-
dering void and of no effect. — Nul'li-ty (nul'-
li-ty), n. ; pi. Nullities (-tiz). Nothingness ;
anything void, invalid, or of no efficacy.

Numb (num), a. Enfeebled in, or destitute of,
power of sensation and motion ; torpid ; para-
lyzed ; benumbed ; chill ; motionless. — v. I.
[Numbed (numd) ; Numbing (niim'Tng).] To
make torpid ; to benumb. — Numb'ness. n.

Num'ber (niim'ber), n. A single unit or assem-
blage of units ; collection of many individuals ;
multitude ; anything regulated by count ; po-
etry ; verse. — r. t. [Numbered (-herd) ; Num-
bering.] To reckon ; to give or assign the num-
ber of; to amount to; to consist of; to count; to
calculate; to tell.— Num'bers(-berz),?i. Fourth
book of the Pentateuch, containing the census of
the Hebrews.— Num'ber-er, 7i. — Nuni'ber-less
(-ber-ISs), a. Not to be counted ; innumerable.

Nu'mer-al (nu'mer-rtl), a. Pertaining to, con-
sisting of, expressing, or representing, number.
— n. A figure or character used to express a
number. — Nu'mer-al-ly, "</'•. - Nu'mer-a-ble

(-a-b'l), a. Capable of being numbered or

counted. — Nu'mer-a-ry (-t-ry), a. Belonging

to a certain number. - Nu'mer-ate (-at), r>. t.

5, e, I, o, ii, long ; a, e, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, ©vent, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

NUMERATION

285

OBFUSCATION

To divide off and read (figures) according to the
rules of numeration. — Nu'mer-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. A numbering ; act or art of reading num-
bers, esp. as written in the scale of ten, by the
Arabic method. — Nu'mer-a'tor (nu'mer-a'ter),
n. One who numbers ; arithmetical term in a
vulgar fraction showing how many fractional
units are taken; number above the line in a
vulgar fraction.— Nu-mer'iC (nu-meVTk), Nu-
mer'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Belonging to, or denot-
ing, number; expressed by numbers. — Nu-
mer'ic-al-ly, adv.

Nu'mer-OUS (nu'mer-us), a. Many; consisting
of a great number of individuals, also of poetic
numbers ; rhythmical ; musical. — Nu'mer-OUS-
ly, adv. — Nu'mer-ous-ness, n.

Nu'mis-mat'ic (nu'mTz-maVik), a. Pertaining
to coins or medals. — Nu'mis-mat'ics, n. Sci-
ence of coins and medals.

Num.' skull' (num'skiil'), n. A dunce ; a dolt.

Nun (nun), n. A woman devoted to a religious
life. — NlUl'ner-y ( nun'ner-y" ), n. ; pi. Nun-
neries (-iz). A cloister ; a residence of nuns.

Nun'ci-0 (nun'shT-o), n. ; pi. Nuncios (-oz).
A messenger; the Pope's representative at a
foreign court.

Nun-CU'pa-tive (nun-ku'pa-tT v or nun'ku-pa'ti v),
Nun-CU'pa-tO-ry (-to-r^), a. Oral ; not written.

Nun'ner-y, n. See under Nun, n.

Nup'tial (nup'shal), a. Pertaining to marriage ;
done at a wedding. — n. Marriage ; wedding ;

— almost only in plural.

Nurse (nGrs), n. One who tends a child or sick
person, — v. t. [Nursed (nftrst); Nursing.]
To nourish ; to cherish ; to foster ; to suckle ;
to bring up ; to raise from a weak condition. —
Nurs'er, n. — Nurs'er-y (nfirs'er-^), n. A room
for young children ; a plantation of young trees ;
whatever forms and educates. — Nurs'er-y-man/
(-man' ), n. One in charge of a nursery. — Nurs'-
ling (-ling), n. One who is nursed; an infant.

— Nui'ture (nur'tur), n. A nourishing or nurs-

Nut.

ing ; education ; instruction ; food ; diet. — v. t.
To feed ; to nourish : to cherish ; to educate.

Nut (nut), n. A fruit consisting of a hard shell
inclosing a kernel ; a metal block
containing a concave screw, for
retaining or tightening a bolt, etc.
— v. i. [Nutted ; Nutting.] To
gather nuts. — Nut'ty (nut'ty), a.
Abounding with, or flavored like,
nuts. — Nut'gall' (-gal'), n. A gall resembling a
nut, esp. one growing on the oak. — Nut'shell',
n. Hard cover of a nut ; thing of small compass.

Nu'tant (nu'tant), a. Nodding. — Nu-ta'tion (nu-
t a' shun), n. Vibration of the earth's axis.

Nut'crack/er ( nut'krSk'er ), n. An instrument
for cracking nuts; a
bird of the crow and
magpie kind.

Nut/gall', n. See under

Nut, n. Nutcracker.

Nut/meg (nut/mgg), n.
The aromatic kernel of the fruit of a tree, native
of the Molucca Islands, — used in cookery.

Nu'tri-ent (nu'trT-ent), a. Nourishing ; produ-
cing growth. — n. Nutritious substance. — Nu'-
tri-ment ( -inent ), n. That which nourishes ;
food ; aliment. — Nu-tri/tion (nu-trish'un), n.
A promoting growth or repairing waste of ani-
mal or vegetable life ; nutriment. — Nu-trl'tiOUS
(-trish'us), Nu'tri-tive (nu'trT-tiv), a. Nour-
ishing ; nutrient. — Nu'tri-tlve-ness, n.

Nut/shell', n. See under Nut, n.

Nuz'zle (nuz'z'l), v. t. To nestle ; to house, as
in a nest.

Nuz'zle (nuz'z'l), v. i. To work with the nose,
like a swine in the mud ; to hide the head, as a
child in the mother's bosom ; to nestle.

Nymph (nimf ), n. Goddess of the mountains, for-
ests, meadows, or waters ; lovely young girl ;
maiden ; insect in the pupa state ; chrysalis. —
Nymph'al (nTmf'al), Nym-phe'an (mm-fe'an),
a. Pertaining to, or inhabited by, nymphs.

O.

0 (o), inter}. An exclamation used in calling or
in direct address ; also to express pain, surprise,
desire, etc.

Oaf (of), n. A changeling; a dolt. — Oafish
(of'T.sh), a. Dull; stupid. — Oaf/ish-ness, n.

Oak (ok), n. An acorn-bearing tree, of many
species, yielding hard, tough timber. — Oak'eil
(ok"n), a. Made of oak.

Oak'um (ok'iim), n. Old rope, untwisted, used
for caulking seams of ships.

Oar (or), n. A long, slender implement for row-
ing boats, — v. t. & i. To row. — Oars'man
(orz'man), n. A rower.

Ora-Sls (d^a-sis or 6-a'sTs), n. ; pi. Oases (-sez).
Fertile place in a desert.

Oat (ot), n. ; pi. Oats (ots). A cereal grass, and
its grain ; — chiefly used in pi. — Oat'en (ot"n),
a. Consisting of oat straw ; made of oatmeal.
— Oat'meal' (ot'mel'), n. Meal made of oats.

Oath (oth), n. A solemn affirmation, with an ap-
peal to God for its truth ; blasphemous use of
the name of God.

Ob'du-rate ( 5b ' du - rat ), a. Rendered hard ;

harsh ; inflexible ; stubborn ; impenitent ; cal-
lous ; stubbornly wicked. — Ob'du-rate-ly, adv.

— Ob'du-rate-ness, Ob'du-ra-cy (-ra-s^), n.
O-be'di-ent (o-be'di-ent), a. Subject in will or

act to authority ; willing to obey ; dutiful : re-
spectful ; compliant ; submissive. — O-be'di-
ent-ly, adv. — O-be'di-ence (-ens), n. State of
being obedient ; compliance.

O-bei'sance (6-be'sans or o-ba'-), n. A manifesta-
tion of obedience ; a bow ; a courtesy.

Ob'e-lisk (5t/e-lTsk), n. A four-sided pillar or
monument ; a printer's mark [t], called also a
dagger, used as a reference to notes at the bot-
tom of a page, etc.

Obese' (o-bes'). a. Excessively fat ; fleshy. —
O-bese'ness, O-bes'i-ty (-bSs'T-ty), n.

O-bey' (o-ba'), v. t. [Obeyed (-bad') ; Obeying.]
To yield submission to ; to comply with the or-
ders of ; to yield to the power or operation of.

— O-bey'er (-ba'er), n.

Ob-fus'cate (5b-fus'kat), v. t. To darken ; to ob-
scure ; to confuse. — Ob'fus-ca'tion (-ka'ehun),
n. A darkening ; state of being darkened.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

OBIT

286

OBSTACLE

O'bit (o'Mt or oVit), n. Death ; decease. —
HPost Obit. After death. — O-bit'U-al (6-bTt'u-
al), a. Pertaining to obits, or days when funer-
als are solemnized. — O-bit'u-a-ry (-a-ry), a.
Relating to death. — n. A notice of the death
of a person, with a biographical sketch of his
character.

Ob-Ject' (ob-jekt/), v. t. To set before ; to bring or
otter in opposition. — v. i. To make opposition.

— Object (ob'jekt), n. That with which the
mind is occupied ; thing sought for ; end ; aim ;
motive ; final cause. — Ob-Ject'or (-jekt'er), n.

— Ob-jec'tion (-jgk'shun), ft. Aii objecting ; ad-
verse reason or argument ; difficulty ; doubt ;
scruple. — Ob-Jec'tion-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Justly
liable to objections. — Ob-jec'tion-a-bly, adv.

— Ob-jec'tive (-jek'tiv), a. Pertaining to an
object ; outward ; external ; designating the
grammatical case winch follows a transitive verb
or a preposition. — n. Point aimed at ; in gram-
mar, the objective case. — Qb-jec'tive-ly, adv.

— Ob-Jec'tire-ness, n. — Ob'ject-less, a. Hav-
ing no object ; purposeless.

Ob-]UT'gate (ob-jGr'gat), v. t. To chide ; to re-
prove. — Ob-jur'ga-to-ry ( -ga-to-ry ), a. De-
signed to chide ; culpatory. — Ob'jur-ga'tiOll
(Sb'jur-ga'shun), n. Reproof ; reprehension.

Ob-late' (ob-laf or oVlat), a. Flattened or de-
pressed at the poles ; offered up ; consecrated ;
dedicated. — Ob-la'tion (-la'shun), n.t Thing
offered in worship or service ; sacrifice.'

OVll-gate (5b'lT-gat), v. t. To bind (one's self)
to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal
pledge ; to compel. — OVli-ga'tion (-ga'shfin),
n. A binding ; binding power of a vow, promise,
contract, law, etc. ; act binding one to do some-
thing to or for another ; state of being indebted
for a kindness ; legal bond with a condition
annexed. — Obli-ga-to-iy (oVlT-ga-to-ry), a.
Binding in law or conscience ; imposing duty.

O-blige' (6-blij'), v. t. [Obliged (-blijd') ; Obli-
ging.] To constrain ; to bind by some favor ren-
dered ; to gratify ; to accommodate. — O-bli'ger
(-bll'jer), n. — Ob'li-gee' (5b'lT-je'), n. Person
to whom another is bound. — OVli-gor' (-g6r'),
ft. Person who binds himself, or gives his bond
to another. — O-bli'ging (6-bli'jTng), a. Hav-
ing the disposition to oblige ; civil ; complai-
sant ; courteous ; kind. — O-bli'ging-ly, adv. —
O-bli'ging-ness, n.

Ob-lique' (5b-lek' or -hk'), a. Not erect or per-
pendicular ; slanting ; indirect ; obscure ; un-
derhand. — v. i. [Obliqued (-lekf or -WW);
Obliquing.] To deviate from a perpendicular
line ; to move forward, either to the right or left,
by stepping sidewise. — Ob-lique'ly, adv. In
an oblique manner ; indirectly. — Ob-lique'-
ness, n. — Ob-liq'ui-ty (5b-lik'wT-t£), n. Con-
dition of being oblique ; deviation from a right
line, also from moral rectitude ; irregularity.

Ob-lit'er-ate (ob-lifer-at), v. I. To erase ; to blot
out ; to efface. — Ob-lit er-a'tion (-a'shiin), n.
An effacing ; extinction.

Ob-liv'i-on ( 5b-lTv'T-un ), n. A forgetting, or
state of being forgotten ; forgetfulness ; am-
nesty ; general pardon of offenses. — Ob-liv'i-
OUS (-iis), a. Causing forgetfulness ; forgetful.

— Ob-liv'i-ous-ly, adv. — Ob-liv'ious-ness, n.
Oblong (5b 'long), a. Having greater length

than breadth. — n. A figure longer than it is
broad. — Ob^org ly, adv. — Ob'long-ness, n.

Ob'lO-quy ( 5b'l6-kwy ), n. Censorious speech ;
odium ; censure ; slander.

Ob-nox'ioUS (5b-nok'shus), a. Liable to censure ;
blameworthy ; offensive ; odious ; hateful ; lia-
ble ; exposed ; subject ; answerable. — Ob-nox'-
ious-ly, adv. — Ob-nox'ious-ness, n.

O'bO-e (o'boi or o'bo-a), ft. A musical wind in-
strument sounded by a double reed ; a hautboy.

Oboe.

Ob-o'vate (ob-o'vat), a. Inversely ovate ; ovate
with the narrow end downward.

Ob-scene' (ob-sen'), a. Expressing
something which decency forbids to
be exposed; filthy; disgusting; lewd.

— Ob-scene'ly, adv. — Ob-scene'-
ness, Ob-scen'i-ty (-sen'I-ty), n.

Ob-SCUre' ( 5b-skur' ), a. Covered
over; shaded ; hidden ; remote
from observation ; unknown ; hum-
ble ; not easily understood ; not
clear, full, or distinct. — v. t. [Ob-
scured (-skurd') ; Obscuring.] To
render obscure ; to make less intel-
ligible, visible, beautiful, or illustrious. — Ob-
scurely, adv. — Ob-scure'ness, Ob-scu'ri-ty
(-sku'ri-tjf), n. — Ob'SCU-ra'tion (5Vsku-ra'-
shun), ft. An obscuring ; state of being ob-
scured.

Ob'se-crate (ob'se-krat), v. t. To beseech ; to sup-
plicate. — Ob'se-cra'tion (-kra'shun), ft. An
imploring; entreaty.

Ob-se'qui-OUS ( 5b-&e,kwT-us ), a. Servilely or
meanly condescending ; compliant ; obedient.

— Ob - se ' qui - ous - ly, adv. — Ob-se'qui-ous-
ness, ft.

Ob'se-quy (5b'se-kwy), ft. ; pi. Obsequies (-kwYz).
Funeral rite or solemnity ; — chiefly in plural.

Ob-serve' (ob-zerv'), v. t. [Observed (-zervd') ;
Observing.] To pay attention to ; to notice ; to
celebrate ; to utter as a remark ; to say casually ;
to comply with ; to obey. — v. i. To take notice ;
to remark ; to comment. — Ob-serv'er, ft. — Ob-
Serv'ing, a. Giving particular attention ; atten-
tive to what passes. — Ob-serv'ing-ly, adv. —
Ob-serv'a-ble (-zerv'a-b'l), a. Worthy of being
observed ; remarkably. — Ob-serVa-bly, adv.

— Ob-serv'ant (-ant), a. Taking notice; at-
tentive ; critical ; mindful ; regardful ; obedi-
ent ; submissive. — Ob'ser-va'tion (5b/zer-va'-
shun), n. An observing or taking notice ; thing
observed or noticed ; a remark ; performance of
what is prescribed ; observance ; a noting some
fact or occurrence in nature. — Ob-serv'a-to-
ry (-zerv'a-to-r^), n. Place from which a view
may be observed ; building for making observa-
tions on the heavenly bodies, or one fitted with
instruments for systematic observations of nat-
ural phenomena.

Ob-ses'sion (3b-sesh'un), ft. A besieging, or state
of being besieged.

Ob'SO-lete (ob'so-let), a. No longer common ;
disused ; neglected ; obscure. — Ob'SO-lete'-
ness, n. — Ob'so-les'cent (-leVsent), a. Going
out of use ; passing into desuetude. — Ob'SO-les'-
cence (-sens), n. State of becoming obsolete.

Ob'sta-Cle (5b'st;i-k'l), ft. Thing that hinders
progress ; obstruction ; impediment ; difficulty.

5, e, i, 5, u. o g ; ft, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, $vent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

OBSTINATE

287

ODD

OVstl-nate (or/stl-nat), a. Pertinaciously ad-
hering to an opinion or purpose ; not easily
subdued or removed ; stubborn ; inflexible ;
perverse ; opinionated ; contumacious. — Ob7-
sti-nate-ly, adv. — Ob'sti-na-cy (-na-sy), n.

Ofc-Strep'er-OUS (ob-strep'ei-us), a. Loud ; clam-
orous ; noisy. — Ob-strep'er-ous-ly, adv. — Ob-
strep'er-ous-ness, n.

Ob-struct' (5b-strukf), v. t. To block up ; to bin-
der from passing ; to bar ; to arrest ; to check ;

to impede ; to oppose. — Ob-strnct'er, n. — Ob-
struction (-struk'shiin), n. An obstructing ;
impediment ; hindrance. — Ob-Struc'tion-Ist, n.
One who hinders progress ; delayer of parlia-
mentary business. — a. Systematically delaying.

— Ob-Stnict'ive (-struk'tTv), a. Tending to ob-
struct ; causing impediment. — Ob'StTU-ent (ob/-
stru-ent),a. Blocking up; hindering.— re. Any-
thing that obstructs or closes a passage, esp.
one of the natural passages in the body.

Ob-tain' (5b-tan'), v. t. [Obtained (-tand') ; Ob-
taining.] To get hold of ; to gain possession
of ; to attain ; to procure ; to acquire ; to win ;
to earn. — v. i. To become prevalent or general.

— Ob-tain'a-ble. a. Capable of being obtained.
Ob-tnide/ (5b-trud'), v. t. To thrust in or upon ;

to offer with importunity. — v. i. To enter with-
out right ; to offer officiously. — Ob-trnd'er, n.

— Ob-tru'sion (-tru'zhun), n. An obtruding ; a
thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited.

— Ob-tru'sive (-sTv), a. Disposed to obtrude
or thrust one's self among others. — Ob-tru'-
sivo-ly, adv. — Ob-tm'sive-ness, n.

Ob-tund' (5b-tund'), V. t. To dull ; to blunt ;
to deaden.

Ob-tuse' (ob-tuV ), a. Not pointed or acute ; dull ;
obscure. — Ob-tuse'ly , adv. — Ob- a d
tuse'ness, n. — Ob - tuse ' - an '- N. 1
gled ( aVgl'd) , a. Having an \1 ./■■

angle greater than a right angle. %

— ObtU'Sion (-tu'zhim), n. A ABC Obtuse
making obtuse or blunt ; state of £?jr? A£,i„
being dulled or blunted. lu°ni g

Ob-verse' (5b-vers'), a. Having the base nar-
rower^ than the top, as a leaf. — Ob'verse
(oVvers), n. The face of a com, having the
principal inscription upon it. — Ob-verse'ly
(-veWby), adv.

Ob'vi-ate (5b'vT-at), v. t. To meet in the way;
to prevent by interception ; to clear the way of.

— Ob/vi-a'tion (-a'shun), 7i. An obviating.
Ob'vi-ons (oVvT-Qs), a. Open ; exposed ; liable ;

subject ; easily discovered or understood ; mani-
fest ; plain ; clear ; evident ; apparent. — Ob'-
vi-ous-ly, adv. — Ob'vi-ons-ness, n.

Oc-ca'sion (ok-ka'zhun), n. A coming to pass ;
occurrence ; incident ; favorable opportunity ;
accidental cause; incidental need; require-
ment. — v. t. [Occasioned (-zhund) ; Occa-
sioning.] To give occasion to ; to cause inciden-
tally. — Oc-ca'Sion-al (-al), a. Pertaining to, or
occurring at, times, but not regular or system-
atic ; casual ; incidental ; made on some special
event. — Oc-ca'sion-al-ly, adv.

OCci-dent (5k'sT-dent), n. The west. — OCci-
den'tal (-dgn'tal), a. Western.

Oc'ci-put (5k'sT-put), n. Hinder part of the skull
or head. — Oc-Cip'i-tal (ok-sTp'T-t//l), a. Per-
taining to the occiput. — n. A bone at the base
of the skull.

Oc-Clu'slon (5k-klu'zhun), n. A shutting up.

Oc-cnlt' (ok-kulf), a. Hidden; secret. — 0C-
CUl-ta'tion (5k'kul-ta'shun), n. A rendering
occult ; the hiding of a heavenly body from
sight by intervention of another heavenly body.

OCcu-py (5k'ku-pi), v. t. [Occupied (-pid) ; Oc-
cupying.] To hold in possession ; to fill ; to em-
ploy ; to use. — Oc'cu-pi-er (-pt-er), Oc'cu-pant
(-pant), n. — Oc'CU-pan-cy (-pan-sy), n. A tak-
ing or holding possession. — Oc CU-pa'tion (-pa'-
shun), n. An occupying or taking possession ;
state of being occupied ; tenure ; use ; employ-
ment ; avocation ; engagement ; calling ; office ;
trade ; profession.

Oc-CUT (ok-kfir'), v. i. [Occurred (-kfird') ; Oc-
curring.] To be found here and there ; to ap-
pear ; to meet or come to the mind ; to happen.

— Oc-CUT'rence (-reus), n. A coming or hap-
pening ; an incident ; an event.

Ocean (o'shan), n. Largest body of water on the
eartli ; the sea ; an immense expanse. — O'ce-
an'ic (o'she-Sn'Tk), a. Pertaining to, or found
or formed in, the ocean.

O'cher (o'ker), O'cnre, n. Clay containing iron,
yellow or red in color, and used as a pigment.

— O'cher-ous ( - Qs ), O'chre-ous,
O'cher-y (o'ker-y), a. Pertaining to,
containing, or resembling, ocher.

Oc'ta-gon (5k'ta-g5n), n. Plane figure
of eight sides and eight angles. — Oc-
tag'O-nal (5k-t5g'o-nal), a. Having Octagon,
eight sides and eight angles.

Oc'ta-he'dron (5k'ta-he'dron), n. A solid con-
tained by eight equal and equi-
lateral triangles. — Oc'ta-hV-
dral (-dral), a. Having eight
equal sides.

Oc-tan'gn-lar (Sk-t5n'gu-ler), a.
Having eight angles.

Oc'tave (ok'tftv), n. The eighth day after a
church festival ; the eighth tone in the musical
scale ; the scale itself.

Oc-ta'VO (5k-ta'v6), a. Formed of sheets folded
so as to make eight leaves ; of the size of such a
leaf. — n. A book composed of sheets of this
size ; — written 8vo or 8°.

Oc-ten'ni-al (5k-tSn'ni-al), a. Happening every
eighth year ; lasting eight years.

Oc-til'lion (ok-til'yiin), n. By English numer-
ation, the eighth power of a million, or a unit
with 48 ciphers annexed ; by the French, a unit
with 27 ciphers.

Oc-tO'ber (5k-to'ber), n. The tenth month of the
year.

Oc'to-dec'i-mo (ok'to-deVI-mo), a. Having eigh-
teen leaves to a sheet ; of the size of such a leaf.

— n. A book having leaves of this size ; — writ-
ten 18moor 18°.

Oc-tOg'e-na-ry (ok-toj'e-na-ry- or 5k'to-je-), a. Of
eighty years of age. — Oc'tO-ge-na'ri-an (ok'to-
je-na'rT-firii), n. A person eighty years of age.

Oc'to-pod (5k'to-p5d), n. A mollusk or insect
having eight legs.

Oc'to-pus (ok'to-nus ; L. ok-to'pus), n. The devil-
fish ; an eight-armed cephalopod.

OCtu-ple (ok'tu-p'l), a. Eightfold.

Oc'U-lar (ok'u-ler), a. Depending on, or perceived
by, the eye. — n. Eyepiece of a telescope, mi-
croscope, etc. — Oc'u-lar-ly, adv. By the eye,
sight, or actual view. — Oc'u-list (-list), n. One
skilled in treating diseases of the eyes.

Odd (5d), a. Not paired with another ; alone ;

•O

Octahedron.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ODDLY

288

OLD

remaining ; having no great value ; insignificant ;
not divisible by two without a remainder ; not
even ; peculiar ; unusual ; queer ; droll ; com-
ical. — Odd'ly (5d'iy), adv. ~ Odd'ness, n. —
Odd Fellow. A member of a certain secret I
society. — Odd'i-ty (Sd'I-tjf), n. State of being
odd ; singularity ; a queer person or thing. — '
Odds (5dz), n. sing. & pi. Difference in favor j
of one and against another ; inequality ; advan- I
tage ; superiority ; probability. — At odds. In j
dispute; at variance. — Odds and ends. Rem-
nants ; refuse ; scraps.

Ode (od), n. A dignified poem or song.

O-de'on (6-de'un), n. A theater ; a music hall.

O'di-um (o'dT-um), n. Hatred ; dislike ; quality
that provokes hatred ; offensiveness. — O'di-OUS
(-us), a. Deserving hatred ; causing disgust or
hate ; detestable. — O'di-OUS-ly, adv. — O'di-
ous-ness, n.

O'dor (6vder), n. Smell ; scent ; perfume. —
O'dor-ant (-ant), O'dor-ifer-ous (-if'er-us),
O'dor-OUS (-us), a. Giving scent ; fragrant. —
O'dor-if er-ous-ly, O'dor-ons-ly, adv. — O'dor-
if er-ous-ness, O'dor-ous-ness, n.

O'er (or), prep. & adv. Contraction for OvEB.

(E-soph'a-gus, n. See Esophagus.

Of (ov), prep. From or out from; proceeding
from ; belonging or relating to ; concerning.

Off (5f), adv. From; away from. — prep. Not
on. — a. Most distant. — interj. Away ! be-
gone ! — Off color. Not of pure color ; infe-
rior ; corrupted. — Offish ( 5flsh ), a. Shy;
distant in manner.

Offal (offal), n. Carrion; putrid meat; rub-
bish.

Of -fend' (of -fend'), v. t. To displease ; to make
angry ; to shock ; to annoy. — v. i. To sin ; to
cause dislike or anger. — Of-f end'er, n. — 01-
fense/ (-fens'), n. An offending, displeasing, or
hurting ; violation of law ; state of being of-
fended ; umbrage ; resentment. [Spelled also
offence.] — Of-fen'sive (-fen'slv), a. Causing
displeasure, pain, evil, or injury ; used in at-
tack ; making the first attack. — n. State of
one who offends or makes attack. — Of-fen'-
sive-ly, adv. — Of-fen'sive-ness, ».

Offer (5f fer), v. t. & i. [Offered (-ferd) ; Of-
fering.] To present ; to undertake ; to propose.

— n. A bringing forward ; a thing brought for-
ward ; a proposal. — Of fer-er, n. — Of f er-ing,
n. That which is offered ; a sacrifice ; an obla-
tion.

Offer-tO-ry (JSffer-to-rjf), n. Anthem chanted,
or voluntary on the organ, during Mass ; verses
of Scripture read while alms are collecting.

Offhand' (Sf'hSnd'), a. & adv. Without study or
preparation ; impromptu.

Office (5f'f is), n. Work to be performed for, or
witli reference to, others ; duty or charge con-
ferred by authority and for a public purpose ;
place in which business is transacted ; religious
service appointed for a particular occasion. —
Of fi-cer (5f fl-ser), n. One who holds an office ;
a magistrate, — v. t. To furnish with officers.

— Of-f i'clal (-f Tk1i'"1), a. Pertaining to an office
or public trust ; derived from the proper office,
officer, or authority. — n. One who holds of-
fice. — Of-fi'cial-ly, adv. By the proper offi-
cer ; by virtue of the proper authority. — Of-fi'-
Cl-ate (-flsh't-at), v. i. To act as an officer ;
to perform official duties.

Of-fiCi-nal (5f-fls'i-nal or Sf'fi-si'nal), a. Used
in, or belonging to, a shop ; of a character ap-
proved by the college of medicine.

Of-fi'CiOUS (5f-fish'us), a. Excessively forward
in kindness ; meddling ; meddlesome. — Of-fi'-
cious-ly, adv. — Of-ff cious-ness, n.

Offing (of ing), n. That part of the sea which
is off, or at a good distance, from the shore.

Offish (5f Ish), a. See under Off, adv.

Off SCOUT- ing (5f skour'ing), n. Refuse ; reject-
ed matter.

Offset' (of'seV), n. Thing set off, from, before,
or against, something ; shoot of a plant which
takes root and puts out leaves ; terrace ; hori-
zontal ledge on a wall ; sum or value set off
against another, as an equivalent ; anything
given in exchange or retaliation. — Off-set' (5f-
sgf or 5f s8t'), v. t. & i. To balance.

Offshoot' (Sfshobf ), n. That which separates
from a main stem, channel, etc.

Offspring' (8f spring'), n. A child or children ;
descendants; progeny; posterity.

Oft (5ft), Off en (5f"n), adv. Frequently ; many
times ; not seldom. — Off en-ness, n. Fre-
quency. — Off en-times' (-timz' ), Oft'times'
(5ff timz'), adv. Frequently ; often.

O-gee' (o-je'), n. An architectural molding con-
sisting of two members, one
concave, the other convex.

O'gle Wl), v. t. [Ogled (o'g'ld);
Ogling.] To view with side
glances or furtively. — n. A
side glance or look. — O'gler
(-gler), n.

O'gre (o'ger), n. An imaginary
monster, feeding on human be-
ings. — O'gress (-grSs), n. A 0gee.
female ogre.

Oh (o), interj. An exclamation of surprise, pain,
anxiety, etc.

Ohm (om), n. The standard unit of electrical re-
sistance ; the resistance offered by a column of
mercury 1 square millimeter in section, and 106
centimeters in length.

Oil (oil), n. Unctuous animal or vegetable sub-
stance. — v. t. [Oiled (oild) ; Oiling.] To
rub or anoint with oil. — Oil'er, n. — Oil'y
(oil'£), a. Consisting of, containing, or like,
oil ; unctuous ; smooth ; greasy. — Oil'i-ness, n.

— Oil' Cloth', n. Cloth oiled or painted for cov-
ering floors, making waterproof garments, etc.

— Oil'man (oil'mSn), n. A dealer in oils. —
Oil'stone' (-ston'), n.
Variety of hone slate
used for whetting took.

— Oil cake. A mass of
compressed seeds, etc.,
from which oil has been
extracted. — 0 i 1 gas.
Inflammable gas p r o-
cured from oil, used for
lighting and heating
purposes.

Oint'ment (oinfment), n.
That which serves to
anoint ; an unguent.

O'kra (o'kri.), n. An an-
nual plant, bearing
green pods used for
soups or pickles. Ukra-

Old (old), a. Having existed a long time; not

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, a, y, short ; sen&te, fivent, idea, 6bey, tlmte, care, arm, ask, all, final,

OLDEN

289

OPAL

young, fresh, or recently made ; aged ; long
practiced ; experienced ; worn out ; decayed. —
Old/en (old''u), a. Old ; ancient. — v. i. To
age ; to grow old. — Olu'ish, a. Somewhat
old. — Old maid. An elderly unmarried wo-
man ; spinster. — Old'-maid'ish (-mad'Ish),
a. Prim ; precise. — Old Testament. The part
of the Bible written before the time of Christ.
— Old World. The Eastern Hemisphere.

O'le-ag'1-nous (o'le-aj'T-nus), a. Like oil ; oily ;
unctuous. — O'le-ag'i-nous-ness, n.

O'le-an'der (ole-Su'der), n. An evergreen, flow-
ering, poisonous shrub.

O'le-as'ter (o'le-as'ter), n. The wild olive tree.

O-le'fl-ant (o-le'f I-ant), a. Forming or producing
oil.

O'le-0-mar'ga-rine (o'le-6-mar'ga-rTn or -ren), n.
Liquid oil, made from animal fats, and used in
artificial butter.

O'le-om'e-ter (o/le-om'e-ter), n. An instrument
to ascertain the weight and purity of oil.

01-fac'to-ry (51-f5k/t6-rjr), a. Pertaining to, or
having, the sense of smelling. — n. ; pi. Olfac-
tories (-rTz). Organ of smelling ; sense of smell.

O-lib'a-num ( 6-lTb'a-num ), n. Fragrant gum
resin ; frankincense.

Ol'i-garch (51'T-gark), n. A member of an oli-
garchy. — Ol'i-gar'chy (-gar'ky), n. Govern-
ment in which supreme power is exercised by a
few persons. — Ol'i-gar'chal (-kr/i), OH-gar'-
Chic (-kik), OH-gar'ChiC-al (-kT-krtl), a. Per-
taining to oligarchy.

O'li-0 (o'li-o or ol'yo), n. A mixture ; a medley.

Ol'ive (ol'Tv), n. A tree cultivated, in the south
of Europe, for its
fruit, which is
used in pickles,
and from which
olive oil is ex-
pressed ; the color
of the olive, com-
posed of violet
and green.

1101'la-po-dri'da
(ol'la-po-dre'da),
n. A Spanish
dish, composed of
all kinds of meat
chopped fine, and
stewed with vege-
tables ; any incon.
gruous mixture.

O-lym'pi-ad (6-iTm'-
pT-ad), n. Period
of four years, in Grecian chronology. — O-lym'-
pi-an (-an), O-lym'piC (-pik), a. Pertaining to
Olympus ; also to Olympia, a town in Greece,
and to the games there celebrated once in four
years.

O-me'ga (o-me'ga or o'rae-ga), n. The last letter
of the Greek alphabet, Alpha being the first.

Om'e-let (5ni'e-15t or 5in'let), n. A preparation
of eggs beaten up and fried.

O'men (o'mSn), n. A sign or indication of some
future event; a prognostic; a presage. — v. t.
To indicate as likely to occur ; to augur ; to
predict ; to foretell. — Om'i-nous (5m'T-tius), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, an omen ; signifi-
cant ; portentous. — Om'i-nOUS-ly, adv. — Om'-
1-nons-ness, n.

O-mlt' (o-mTf), v. t. [Omitted ; Omitting.] To

Twig of Olive Tree with
Fruit, much reduced.

leave out ; to drop ; to pass by ; to neglect. —
O-mis'si-ble (-mTb'sT-b'l), a. Capable of being
omitted. — O-mls'sion (-mish'un), n. A leav-
ing out ; neglect to do something required by
duty ; a thing omitted.

Om/ni-bus (om'nT-biis), n. A large four-wheeled
carriage to carry many people.

Om/ni-ia'ri-OUS (om'nl-fa'ri-us), a. Of all varie-
ties, forms, or kinds.

Om-nlf'ic (oin-nif'Ik), a. All-creating.

Om-nip'o-tent (orn-nlp'6-tent), a. Possessing un-
limited power ; almighty. — Om-nip'0-tenC©
(-tens), Om-nip'o-ten-cy (-ten-sy), n.

Om/ni-pres'eilt (otn'nl-prez'ent), a. Present in
all places at the same time ; ubiquitous. — Om'-
ni-pres'ence (-ens), n. Ubiquity.

Om-nls'cient (om-nTsh'ent), a. Having knowl-
edge of all tilings. — Om-nis'cience (-ens), n.

Om'ni-um (om'ni-ura), n. Aggregate value of
the different stocks in which a loan is funded.

0m-nlv'0-r0US (om-m v'6-riis), a. All-devouring.

On (on), prep. At the upper part of a thing, and
supported by it ; upon ; by means of ; with ;
in addition to ; besides ; at ; near ; toward ; for ;
by virtue of ; in consequence of ; in reference or
relation to. — adv. Forward ; onward ; with-
out ceasing ; attached to the body ; in progress.

Once (wuns), adv. At one time ; on one occa-
sion ; formerly. — At once. Immediately ;
without delay ; at the same time ; as one.

||0n dit (6n' de'). They say ; it is said. — n. Re-
port ; rumor.

One (wun), a. Being but a single unit ; undi-
vided ; united ; same ; any. — All on©- Just the
same. — At one. In agreement or concord. —
One'ness ( wun'nes ), n. State of being one ;
singleness ; individuality ; unity.

On'er-ons (on'er-us), a. Burdensome ; oppress-
ive.

On'lon (fin'yun), n. A culinary plant, and its edi-
ble bulbous root.

On'ly ( on'ly ), a. One alone ; single. — adv.
Solely ; merely ; barely.

On'set (on'sSt), n. Violent attack ; assault upon
an enemy ; onslaught ; encounter.

On'slaughtM^on'slat'), n. Attack; onset.

On'tO (on'tob), prep. On the top of ; upon ; on.

On-tol'0-gy ( on-tol'o-jy" ), n. Science of being,
in general. — On'tO-lOg'iC (on'to-loj'Tk), On'tO-
log'ic-al (-T-krtl), a. Pertaining to ontology.

On'ward (on'werd), a. Advanced or advancing ;
increased ; improved. — adv. Toward the
point before or in front ; forward ; in advance.
— On'wardS (-werdz), adv. Onward.

O'nyx (o'niks or on'iks), a. Chalcedony in parallel
layers of different color, used for making «ameos.

0'6-lite (o'o-llt), n. A variety of limestone, con-
sisting of small, round grains. — 0'6-lit'ic (-ITf-
Tk), a. Pertaining to, composed of, or resem-
bling, oolite.

O-bl'O-gy^o-ol'o-j^), n. The science of eggs.

Oo'long (ob'long), n. A variety of black tea.

Ooze (ooz), n. Soft mud ; slime. — v. t. & i.
[Oozed (oozd) ; Oozing.] To flow gently ; to
drop; to shed; to distill. — Ooz'y (ooz'y), a.
Miry.

O-pac'1-ty (6-paVT-ty), n. State of being opaque ;
obscurity.

O'pal (o'pal), n. A mineral consisting of silica.
The precious opal presents a play of colors of
delicate tints, and is esteemed as a gem. —

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

OPALESCE

290

OPTICS

Opera Glass.

O'pal-esce' (o/pal-es'), v. i. [Opalesced (-est/) ;
Opalescing (-es'sing).] To give forth a play of
colors, like the opal. — O'pal-es'cenU-eVseut),
a. Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the
interior. — O'pal-es'cence (-sens), n. — O'pal-
Ine (o'pal-In), a. Pertaining to, or like, opal.

0-paque' ($-pak'), a. Impervious to light ; not
transparent ; obscure. — O-paque'ness, n.

Ope (op), a. Open. — v. t. & i. To open.

O'pen ( o ' p'n ), a. Free of access ; not shut
up ; public ; not drawn together or contracted ;
expanded ; without reserve ; not secret ; not
settled or adjusted ; easily enunciated ; spoken
without closing the mouth. — v. t. & i. [Opened
(o'p'od) ; Opening.] To unclose ; to exhibit ;
to explain ; to speak without reserve ; to begin ;
to commence. — O'pen-er, n. — O'pen-ly, adv.

— O'pen-ness, n.

Op/er-a ( op'er-a ), n. Musical drama consisting
of airs, choruses, recitations,
etc. — Op^r-at'lc ( -at'Tk ),
a. Belonging to, or like, an
opera. — Opera glass. A
lorgnette, or short telescope,
usually with a tube and
glasses for each eye, for use
at operas, theaters, etc.

Op'er-ate (Bp'er-at), v. i. & t.
To exert power ; to act ; to
move ; to work. — Op'er-a-tOI (-a'ter), n. — Op7-
er-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Act or process of oper-
ating ; agency ; exertion of power ; method of
working ; effect brought about by a definite
plan ; transformation to be made upon mathe-
matical quantities ; surgical action of the hand,
or with instruments, on the human body. —
Op'er-a-tive (Sr/er-a-tTv), a. Having power of
acting ; exerting force ; efficient in work ; effi-
cacious. — n. A laboring man ; artisan. — Op'-
er-OSe7 (-5V), a. Wrought with labor ; labo-
rious ; tedious; wearisome. — Op'er-ose'ness, n.

Oph'l-Cleide (BfT-klid), n. A large brass wind
instrument of the trumpet kind.

0-phid'i-an (o-fldT-an), n. An ani-
mal of the snake kind. — O'phi-ol/-
O-gy (g/fl-Bn-tf), n. Natural his-
tory of ophidians or serpents. —
0'pki-Ol'0-glst(-jTst),rc. One versed
in ophiology.

Opi-tial'mi-a ( 5f-tbXl'mT-a ), Opn-
thal'my (57-thSl'm?), n. Inflam-
mation of the membranes of the eye
or eyeball. — Oph-thal'miC (-mlk),
a. Pertaining to the eye.

O'pl-ate (S'pT-It), n. Medicine that Ophicleide
•OMtains opium, and induces sleep ;
narcotic. — a. Inducing sleep ; causing rest or
inaction ; soporific ; somnific ; quieting.

Opine' ( ft-pin' ), v. i. [Opined (-pind') ; Opin-
ing.] To think ; to suppose. — O-pin'lon (-pli/-
yin), n. Mental conviction of truth ; judgment
whloh the mind forms ; notion ; idea ; view. —
O-pln'lon-a'ted (-a'tSd), a. Obstinate in opinion.

— O-pin'ion-a-tlve (-a-tiv), a. Unduly attached
to one's own opinions. — O-pln'ion-a-tlve-ly,
adv. — O-pln'lon-a-tlve-ness, n.

O'pi-um (S'pl-Qm), n. Inspissated juice of the
white poppy. — Opium joint. Resort of opium
smokers. [Slang]

Op'o-del'doc (5p'6-dSl'd5k), n. A
camphorated liniment.

A marsupial quadru-

saponaceous

Opossum ( ^ ).

0-pos'snm (6-pos'sum), i
ped found in America.

Op-po'nent (op-po'nent),
a. Inclined to oppose ;
adverse; antagonistic;
opposite. — n. An ad-
versary ; an antago-
nist ; an opposer.

Op'por-tune' (5p/por-

tuu'), a. Present or
furnished at a needed
occasion ; timely ; sea-
sonable ; convenient ;
fit ; proper — Op'por-
tune/ly, adv. — Op'-
por-tune'ness, n. —
Op'por-tn'ni-ty (5p'-
por-tu'nT-ty ), n. Fit
or convenient time ;
occasion ; convenience;
occurrence. — Op'por-tnn'ism (-tunlz'm), n. A
taking advantage of opportunities ; treatment of
political questions with reference to immediate
personal or party advantages, without regard
to ultimate consequences. — OVpor-tnn'ist, n.
One who advocates or practices opportunism.

Op-pose' (5p-poz'), v. t. & i. [Opposed (-pozd') ;
Opposing.] To combat ; to withstand ; to contra-
dict ; to check ; to obstruct. — Op-pos'er, n. —
Op'po-Site (5p'po-zTt), a. Situated in front ; fa-
cing ; contrasted with ; hostile ; adverse ; mutu-
ally antagonistic ; inconsistent. — n. One who
opposes ; that which i6 contrary. — Op'po-site-
ly, adv. — Op'po-site-ness, n. — Op'po-si'tion
(-zTsh'un), n. A being opposed ; repugnance ;
contrariety ; attempt to check, restrain, or de-
feat ; obstacle ; collective body of opposers ;
party that opposes the existing administration ;
situation of two heavenly bodies 180° apart. —
Op'po-Si'tion-iSt, n. Member of an opposing
party. — Op-pos'i-tlve ( 5p-p5z'I-tIv ), a. Ca-
pable of being put in opposition.

Op-press' (op-preV), v. t. [Oppressed (-prSsf) ;
Oppressing.] To press down ; to treat cruelly or
unjustly ; to lie heavy upon.— Op-press'or (-er),
n. — Op-pres'sion (-prgsh'iin), n. An oppress-
ing ; state of being overburdened ; sense of heav-
iness, weight, or obstruction ; cruelty ; sever-
ity ; misery ; calamity. — Op-press'ive (-Tv), a.
Unreasonably burdensome ; cruel ; tyrannical ;
heavy ; overpowering. — Op-press'ive-ly, adv.
— Op-press'lve-ness, n.

Op-pro/Dri-nm ( 8p-pr5'brT-um ), n. Reproach
mingled with contempt or disdain ; shame ; dis-
grace. — Op-protri-OUS (-us), a. Reproachful
and contemptuous ; scurrilous ; rendered hate-
ful. — Op-pro'nri-ous-ly, adv. — Op-pro'bri-
ons-ness, n.

Op-pngn' (5p-pun'), v. t. [Oppugned (-piind') ;
Oppugning. ~\_ To fight against ; to oppose. — Op-
pugn'er (-pun'er), n. — Op-pug'nan-cy (-pug'-
nr/n-s^), n. Opposition ; resistance.

Op'ta-tive (Sp'ta-tTv), a. Expressing desire or
wish.— n. In grammar, a mode of the verb
expressing desire.

Op'tlc (5p'tTk), n. An organ of sight ; the eye. —
Op'tlc, Op'tlC-al (-tT-k«l), a. Pertaining to
vision, the organ of sight, or the science of op-
tics. — Op-tl'cian (-tTsh'an), n. One who deals
in optical instruments. — Op'tlcs (Sp'tlks), n.
Science of the nature and properties of light.

a, c, i, o, u, long ; ft., 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, 5 vent, idea, obey, dnite, c&re, arm, ask, {ill, final,

OPTIMISM

291

ORDURE

Op'tl-mism ( op'tT-mTz'm ), n. Doctrine that
everything in nature is ordered for the best. —
Op'ti-mlst (-mist), n. A believer in optimism.

— Op'ti-mis'tic (-nns'tik), a. Holding that all
is for the best ; hopeful ; sanguine. — Opposed
to pessimism, pessimist, etc.

Op'tion (op'shiiu), n. Power of choosing ; choice ;
election ; preference ; wishing ; wish ; right to
sell or buy stock at a certain price, and at a
given future time. — Op'tion-al (-al), a. Left
to, or depending on, choice.

Op'u-lent (5p'u-lent), a. Wealthy ; rich ; affluent.

— Op'u-lent-ly, adv. — Opulence (-lens), n.
Wealth ; affluence.

Or (6r), conj. A connective that marks an alter-
native. It corresponds to either.

Or'a-Cle (5r'a-k'l), n. Answer of a pagan god or
reputed god to an inquiry; deity supposed to
give the answer, also place where it was given ;
revelations delivered by God to prophets ; the
sacred Scriptures; one reputed uncommonly
wise. — O-rac'U-lar (6-rSk'u-ler), a. Pertaining
to, or uttering, oracles ; of the nature of an
oracle ; authoritative ; obscure ; ambiguous. —
O-rac'u-lar-ly, adv.

O'ral (6'ral), a. Pertaining to, or uttered by, the
mouth, or in words; spoken, not written. —

O'ral-ly, adv.
Or'ange (Br'S'nj), n. A tree of many varieties, and
its round yellow fruit ; color of
an orange. — a. Golden yellow.

— Or'an-ger-y ( Sr'gnj-er-y ), n.
Plantation ot orange trees.

Or'ange-man (5r'Snj-man), n. One
of a party in Ireland, supporters
of the principles of William of
Orange (William III. of Eng-
land), the Protestant religion,
and maintenance of the laws. —
Or'ange-ism ( -Tz'm ), n. Principles of the
Orangemen.

O-rang'-OU-tang' (o-rSng'oo-tang/), n. An arbo-
real ape of Borneo and Sumatra, more like man
than is any other known monkey.

O-ra'tion (6-ra'shun), n. An elaborate discourse,
delivered m public ; address ; speech. — Or'a-
tor (or'a-ter), n. A public speaker ; one distin-
guished for eloquence ; in law, one who prays
for relief, or is plaintiff or complainant in a bill
in chancery. — Or'a-toTl-al (-t5'rT-al), Or'a-
tor'ic-al (-torT-kal), a. Pertaining to an orator
or to oratory ; rhetorical ; eloquent ; florid. —
Or'a-tor'ic-al-ly, adv. — Or'a-to'ri-o (-to'rT-o),
n. Sacred musical drama, consisting of airs,
recitatives, choruses, etc. — Or'a-to-ry (5r'a-to-
rjf), n. Art of effective public speaking ; a
chapel for private devotions.

Orb (orb), n. A body of round form ; one of the
celestial spheres-; circle ; orbit ; globe ; ball ;
sphere. — Orbed (Srbd), a. Round ; circular ;
orbicular. — Or-biC'U-lar (6r-bTk'u-ler), a. Re-
sembling an orb ; spherical ; circular ; globular

— Or-bic'u-lar-ly, adv. — Or-bic'u-late (-lat), a

In the form of an orb.
OrHiit (Sr'bit), n. Path described by a heavenly
body in its periodical revolution; cavity con-
taining the eye ; skin round the eye of a bird.

— Orbital (-"1), a. Belonging to an orbit.
Or'chard (Sr'cherd), n. Inclosure or assemblage

of fruit trees.
Or'ches-tra (6rHjgs-tra), n. Space in a theater

Orange.

Orchis.

between stage and audience ; band of musicians,

— Or'ches-tral (6r'kes-tral or 6r-keV-), a. Per-
taining or adapted to, or performed by, an or-
chestra.

Or'cMs (SrHsTs), n. / pi. Orchisks (-ez). An herb
bearing flowers of
singular form, found
all over the world. —
Or'chid (Sr'kld), n.
Orchidaceous plant.

— Or'cni-da'ceous
(-kT-da'shus), a. Be-
longing to, or like,
an order of plants,
mostly perennial
herbs, bearing gro-
tesquely shaped flow-
ers.

Ordain' (6r-dan'), v. t.
[Ordained (-dand') ;
Ordaining. ] To reg-
ulate ; to establish ; to appoint ; to enact ; to
set apart for office ; to invest with ministerial
or sacerdotal functions. — Or-dain'er, n.

Or'de-al (6r'de-al), n. Ancient form of trial by
fire or water ; severe trial ; accurate scrutiny.

Or'der (6r'der), n. Regular arrangement ; me-
thodical succession ; proper condition ; custom-
ary mode of procedure ; regular government ;
tranquillity ; regulation ; rule ; command ; man-
date ; commission to supply goods ; written di-
rection to pay money ; rank or class in society ;
rank of deacon, priest, or bishop in an epis-
copal church ; one of the five classical methods
for constructing columns of an edifice (Tuscan,
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite) ; well
marked divisions of a zoological or botanical
class. — v. t. [Ordered (-derd) ; Ordering.]
To put in order ; to systematize ; to adjust ; to
regulate ; to command. — v. i. To give command
or direction. — Or'der-er, n. — Or'der-ly (-ly),
a. Conformed to order ; methodical ; regular ;
quiet ; peaceable ; well regulated. — adv. Ac-
cording to due order ; regularly. — n. A non-
commissioned military officer who attends a
superior officer. — Or'der-li-ness, n.

Or'di-aal (6rMT-n«l), a. Indicating the estab-
lished order or succession. — n. A number not-
ing order (first, second, third, etc.) ; a book
containing certain church services.

Ot'di-nance (Gr'dT-nans), n. An ordaining or
establishing by authority; appointment; rule
established by authority ; statute ; law ; edict ;
decree ; rescript ; established rite or ceremony
of the church

Or'di-na-ry (Sr'dT-na-r^), a. According to estab-
lished order ; common ; usual ; of little merit ;
plain ; not handsome. — n. ; pi. Ordinaruss
(-riz). An ecclpsiastical judge ; a thing in com-
mon use. ; a public table or eating house. — In
ordinary. In actual and regular service ; out
of commission and laid up ; — said of naval ves-
sels. — Or'di-na-ri-ly (-nS-rl-ly), adv. Com-
monly ; usually.

Or'dl-nate (6r'rli-nat), a. Regular ; methodical.

Or'di-na'tlon (Sr'dT-na'shun). n. An ordaining ;
act of setting apart to an office of the Christian
ministry.

Ord'nance (Grd'nans), n. Heavy weapons of
warfare ; cannon ; artillery.

Or'dure (6r'dur), n. Dung ; filth.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ORE

292

ORRIS

Church Organ.

Ore (or), n. Compound of a metal and other sub-
stance.

Or'gan (Or'gan), n. An instrument by which an
action is performed
or object accom-
plished ; a part of
a living being, ca-
pable of a special
essential function,
as the lungs, heart,
etc. ; a medium of
communication ; a
musical wind in-
strument played
upon by keys. —
Or'gan-ist, ». Play-
er on an organ. —
Or-gan'ic (6r-g5n'-
Tk ), Or-gan'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to, consisting
of, or containing, organs ; instrumental. — Or-

gan'ic-al-ly, adv. — Or'gan-ism (6r'gan-Tz'm),
n. Structure composed of or acting by organs ;
organized being.

Or'gan-ize (6r'g«n-iz), v. t. To furnish with or-
gans ; to arrange in parts, having special func-
tion,_act, office, or relation. — Or'gan-i-za'tion
(-T-za'shun), n. An organizing ; relations in-
cluded in such a state or condition ; an organ-
ism.

Or'gasra (Gr'g&z'm), n. Immoderate excitement
or action.

Or'geat (Qr'zhat ; F. Sr'zha'), n. A flavoring
liquor, extracted from barley and sweet alm-
onds.

Or'gy (Sr'jy), n. ; pi. Orgies (6r'jTz). Ceremo-
nies observed by Greeks and Romans in the
worship of Bacchus; drunken revelry ; — usu-
ally in pi.

O'rl-el (o^rT-gl), n. A large bay window.

O'ri-ent (o'rT-ent), a. Rising, as the sun ; east-
ern; bright; shining. — n. The eastern hori-
zon; the East; the countries of Asia. — O'ri-
en'tal (-en'torl), a. Pertaining to the east;
proceeding from, or situated in, the orient.—
n. Inhabitant of some eastern part of the world.

— OTi-en'tal-ism (-iz'm), n. System or doc-
trine peculiar to the East. — O'ri-en'tal-ist
(-1st), n. Inhabitant of the eastern parts of the
world ; one versed in Eastern languages and lit-
erature. — O'ri-en-tate (o'rT-en-tat), v. t. & i.
To place, move, or turn toward the east. — O'ri-
en-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. The determining the
points of the compass, or the east point, in tak-
ing bearing's ; a fronting to the east.

Or'i-flce (oVT-fis), n. Mouth or aperture of a
tube or other cavity ; opening.

Or'1-gill (oVT-jTn), n. First existence or begin-
ning of anything ; commencement ; rise ; source ;
cause ; root ; foundation. — O-rig'i-nal (o-rTj'-
T-n«l), n. Origin ; commencement ; that which
precedes all others of its class ; original work of
art, manuscript, text, etc. ; precise language
employed by a writer ; person of markod pecul-
iarity ; one who has new and striking ideas. —
a. Pertaining to the origin or being ; first in
order ; not translated ; able to suggest new
thoughts or combinations of thought. — O-rlg'-
i-nal-ly, adv. — O-rig'i-nal'1-ty (-nSl'T-ty), n.

— O-rlg'i-nate (-nat), v. t. To give an origin

or beginning to ; to bring into existence ; to in-
vent. — v. i. To have origin ; to begin. — O-rig'-
1-na'tor, n. — O-rig'i-na'tion (-na'shun), n. A
bringing or coming into existence ; mode of pro-
duction.
O'ri-Ole (o'rT-ol), n. A bird of the thrush kind,
having golden-yellow plumage mixed with black.

Golden Oriole.

O-ri'on (o-ri'on), n. A large, bright constellation,
crossed by the equinoctial line.

Or'i-SOn (or'i-zun), n. A prayer.

Or'lop (Sr'lop), n. A ship's deck on which cables
are stowed.

Or'mo-lu' (Qr'mo-lu/), n. A kind of brass made
to resemble gold ; mosaic gold.

Or'na-ment (Gr'na-ment), n. Anything which
embellishes; embellishment ; decoration. — ?1, t.
To make beautiful ; to adorn ; to deck ; to dec-
orate ; to beautify. — Or'na-men'tal (-mgn'tal),
a. Serving to ornament. — Orna-men-ta'tion
(-mSn-ta'shun), n. An ornamenting ; ornament.

Or-nate' (6r-nat'), a. Adorned ; decorated ; beau-
tiful. — Or-nate'ly, adv. — Or-nate'ness, n.

Or'ni-thoro-gy (6r'nT-th51'6-jy), n. Science of
the form, structure, and habits of birds. — Or'-
ni-thol'O-gist (-jist), n. One skilled in orni-
thology. — Or'ni-tlio-log'ic (-th6-ioj'Ik), Or'nl-
tho-log'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Of or pertaining to
ornithology.

Or'ni-tllO-rhyn'chus (Sr'nT-tho-rTn/kus), n. An
Australian mammal, with a horny beak like a
duck's, and paws webbed for swimming; the
duck mole.

Ornithorhynchus.

O-rol'0-gy (6-r51'6-j>'), n. Science of mountains.
— Or'0-lOg'iC-al (oVo-lSj'T-kal), a. Pertaining
to description of mountains.

Or'phan (Sr'fan), n. A child who has lost both
father and mother, or one of them. — a. Be-
reaved of parents. — Or'phan-age (-Sj), n. State
of being an orphan ; an asylum for orplians.

Or're-ry (or're-rjf), n. A model illustrating the
relative size, positions,
orbits, etc., of the bodies
of the solar system.

Or'ris (oVrls), n. A plant,
of the iris kind, whose
root has an agreeable
odor, resembling violets. Orrery.

a, e, i, u, u, long ; a, S, I, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6 bey, finite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

ORTHODOX

293

OUNCE

Or'thO-dOX (<5r'th6-d5ks), a. Sound in the Chris-
tian faith ; according with the doctrines of
Scripture ; not heretical. — Or'tho-dox'ly, adv.

— Or'tho-dox'y (-y), n. Soundness of faith ;
belief in Scriptural doctrines.

Or'thO-e-py (Sr'tho-e-p^), n. Art of uttering
words with propriety ; correct pronunciation.

— Or'tho-e-pist, n. One skilled in orthoepy. —
Or'tho-ep'ic (-SpTk), Or'tho-ep'lc-al (-T-k«n,
a. Pertaining to orthoepy. — Or/tho-e'p'iC-al-
ly, adv.

Or-thog'ra-phy (6r-th5g'ra-ty), n. Art of writ-
ing words properly ; spelling ; grammar of this
subject ; delineation of an object by proper lines
and angles ; elevation, showing all the parts in
their proper proportions. — Or-thog'ra-pher
(-fer), n. One who spells correctly. — Or/tho-
graph'ic (Gr'tho-grSflk), Or'tho-graph'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Pertaiuing to orthography. — Qx'-
tho-graph'ic-al-ly, adv.

Or-thop'ter-ous (6r-th5p'ter-us), a. Having wing-
covers of a uniform texture throughout, cover-
ing the true wings, which fold longitudinally,
like a fan ; — said of insects.

Or/five (or'tlv), a. Relating to the rising (of a
star, etc.); eastern.

Or'to-lan (6r'to-lan), n. A singing bird, about
the size of the lark, — esteemed delicious food.

O'ryx (o'rlks), n. A South African antelope.

Oryx.

Os'cil-late (os'sll-lat), v. i. To move backward
and forward ; to vibrate ; to swing ; to sway. —
Os'Cil-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Vibration. — Os'-
Cll-la-to-ry (-la-to-r^), a. Moving like a pendu-
lum ; swinging.

Os'CU-late (os'ku-lat), v. I. &i. To kiss ; to touch,
as one curve another, or two curves when both
have a common curvature at the point of con-
tact. — Os'CU-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. A kissing ;
contact of curves. — Os'CU-la-tO-ry (-la-to-ry),
a. Pertaining to kissing ; capable of osculation.

O'sier (o'zher), n. A species of willow, growing
in swamps ; a twig of the willow, used in mak-
ing baskets. — a. Made of willow.

Os'man-li (5z'man-li), n. A Turkish official;
a native Turk.

Os'prey (oVpri), Os'pray, n. A fishhawk.

Os'sl-fy (Ss'sl-ii), v. t. & i. [Ossified ; Ossify-
ing.] To form into bone ; to become bony. —
Os'se-OUS (-se-us), a. Composed of bone ; bony.
— Os'si-cle GsT-k'l), n. Small bone. — Os-sif'-
er-OUS (-sTfer-ils), a. Containing or yielding
bone. — Os-sif'ic (-sTFTk), a. Having power to
ossify. — Os'Si-fi-ca'tion ( -sT-fT-ka'shun ), n.
Change into a bony substance. — Os-Slv'0-rous,
a. Feeding on bones.

I Os'tent (oVtSnt or 3s-t5nt/), n. Appearance ; air ;
manner ; show ; manifestation ; portent. — Os-
ten'si-ble (-teVsT-b'l), a. Shown or avowed ;
manifest ; apparent. — Os-ten'sl-bly, adv. —
Os-ten'Sive (-si v), a. Showing ; exhibiting. —
Os ten-ta'tion (Ss/ten-ta'shun), n. A making
ambitious display ; pretentious parade ; pomp ;
vaunting ; boasting. — Os'ten-ta'tious (-shus),
a. Fond of offensive display; boastful; showy;
gaudy. — Os'ten-ta'tious- ly, adv.

Os'te-ol'O-gy (Bs'te-Sl'o-jy), n. Anatomy of the
bones. — Os/te-Ol'0-ger (-jer), n. One who de-
scribes the bones of animals. — Os'te-Ol'O-gist
(-jlst), n. One versed in osteology. — Os'te-
Og'e-ny (-5j'e-n^), n. Formation of bone.

Ost'ler (Ss'ler), n. Same as Hostler.

Os-tra'cean (os-tra'shan), n. One of a family of
bivalve shellfish, including the oyster.

Os'tra-Cize (os'tra-slz), v. t. [Ostracized (-sizd) ;
Ostracizing.] To exile by ostracism ; to banish
from society ; to put under ban. — Os'tra-cism
(-slz'm), n. A custom, in ancient Athens, of
banishing anyone whose merit and influence
gave umbrage ; expulsion ; separation.

Os'trlch (oVtrlch), n. A large African and Ara-
bian bird, very swift of foot, and having long,
soft plumes in the place of feathers.

||0-tal'gi-a (S-tXl'ji-a), O-tal'gy (-j£), n. Pain
in the ear. — O-tal'glC (-jlk), n. Remedy for
earache.

Oth'er (iith'er), conj. Either, — pron. & a. Dif-
ferent from that which has been specified ;
additional ; second of two ; not this, but the
contrary ; opposite. — Oth'er- wise7 (-wiz'), adv.
In a different manner ; in different respects.

Ot'tar (5t'ter), n. See Attar.

Ot'ter (5t'ter), n. Carnivorous aquatic animal of
several species,
feeding on fish.

Ot'to-man (St'tft-
nvm), a. Per-
taining to the
empire of Tur-
key. — n. ; pi.
Ottoman
( - m a n z ). A
Turk ; a stuffed
seat without
back.

Ouch (ouch), n. Bezel, or socket, of a ring.

Ought (at), n. See Aught.

Ought (at), v. imperfect. Is fit, proper, or nec-
essary; should; — used impersonally.

Ounce (ouns), n. A weight, the twelfth part of
a pound troy, and sixteenth of a pound avoirdu-
pois.

Ounce (ouns), n. A carnivorous animal of Asia,
resembling the leopard.

ffirn, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

OUR

294

OUTSIDER

OUT (our), posses, pron. Pertaining to, or belong-
ing to, us. — OUTS (ourz), posses, pron. Our;

— used when the noun is not expressed. — Our-
Self' (our-s81f'), pron. ; pi. Oueselves (-selvz').
We ; us ; — used by way of emphasis, and chiefly
in plural; myself; we; us.

Ou'sel (oo'z'l), n. A European bird of the Thrush
family.

Oust (oust), v. t. To take away ; to remove ; to
eject ; to turn out. — Ousi/er (oust'er), n. A
putting out of possession ; ejection.

Out (out), adv. Without ; on the outside ; not
within ; abroad ; not at home ; away ; off. — n.
One who, or that which, is without ; one out of
office. — Out'er (out'er), a. Being on the out-
side ; more remote ; external. — Out'er-mOSt',
a. Being on the extreme external part ; re-
motest. — Out'-and-out' ( out'£nd-out' ), a.
Wholly and openly ; undisguised.

Out-, prefix denoting superiority, excess, etc.

Out-bal'ance (out-bXl'ans), v. t. To outweigh ;
to exceed In weight.

Out-bid' (out-bid'), v. t. To surpass in offer of a
price.

Out'bound' (out'bound/), a. Destined to a for-
eign country or port.

Out'break7 (out'brak'), n. A bursting forth ; an
eruption.

Out'build'ing (out'bild'Tng), n. A building sep-
arate from, and subordinate to, the main house ;
an outhouse.

Out'bUTSt' (oufbtirst'), n. A breaking or bursting
out.

Out'cast' (oufkasf ), n. One cast out or expelled ;
an exile ; a vagabond, —a. Cast out ; degraded.

Out 'come' (out'kum'), n. That which comes out
of, or follows from, something else ; issue ; re-
sult ; consequence.

Out'crop' (out'krSpO, n. Geological stratum ap-
pearing at the surface of the ground. — Out-
crop' (out-kr5p'), v. i. To come tv. the surface
of the ground.

Out'cry7 ( oufkri' ), n. Exclamation ; clamor ;
noise.

Out-do' (out-doo'), v. t. To excel ; to surpass.

Out'door' (out'dor'), a. Being without the house.

— Out'doors' (-dorz'), adv. Abroad ; out of
the house ; out of doors.

Out'er (oufer), Out'er-most', a. See under Out,
adv.

Out'field' (out'feld'), n. A field remote from the
homestead ; uninclosed tract of land ; in games
of ball, a part of the field far from the bats-
man.

Out'lit (out'fit), n. A fitting out (a ship for a
voyage) ; allowance for expenses of any special
service or duty ; equipment.

Out-gen'er-al (out-jSn'er-al), v. t. To exceed in
generalship ; to surpass in military skill.

Out-gO' (out-go'), v. t. limp. Outwent (-wSnf) ;
p. p. Outgone (-g6V) ; p. pr. Outgoing.] To
go beyond ; to go faster than ; to surpass ; to ex-
cel.— Out'go' (out'go'), n. Outlay; expendi-
ture ; — opposite of income. — Out'go/ er (-gb7-
Sr), n. — Out'gO/lng, n. A going out ; outlay.

Out-grow' (out-gro'), V . t. [imp. Outgrew (-gru/) ;
p. p. Outgrown (-gron') ; p. pr. Outgrowing.]
To surpass in growth ; to become too large (for
clothing), too old (for usefulness), etc. — Out'-
growtb/ (out'groth'), n. That which grows out
from anything ; result ; consequence.

Out-Her'od (out-her'od), v. t. To excel Herod ;
to exceed in violence or cruelty.

Oufhouse' (out'hous/) , n. A small building near
the main house ; an outbuilding.

Out'ing (out'Tng), n. An airing ; an excursion.

Out-land'ish (out-land'ish), a. Foreign; un-
familiar ; strange ; rude ; clownish.

Out-last' (out-lasf ), v. t. To last longer than ;
to exceed in duration.

Out'laW (out'la/), n. One excluded from the
protection of the law. — v. t. [Outlawed
(-lad') ; Outlawing.] To deprive of the benefit
and protection of law ; to proscribe ; to remove
(a debt or claim) from legal enforcement. — Out'-
law'ry (-hVry), n. An outlawing.

Out'lay' (out'la7), n. Expenditure.

Out'lef (out'lgf), n. Passage outward ; exit.

Out'line' (out'lin'), n. Line marking the outside
of a figure ; sketch ; indication of a plan, sys-
tem, etc. — v. t. To sketch ; to indicate.

Out-live' (out-liv'), v. U To live beyond ; to sur-
vive.

Outlook' (out'look'), n. A looking out ; watch ;
watchtower ; prospect ; sight ; scope of vision.

Out'ly'lng (out'lI'Tng), a. At a distance from the
main body or design ; remote ; on the exterior
or frontier ; detached.

Out-march' (out-m'arch'), v. t. To march faster
than ; to leave behind.

Out'post' (out'post'), n. Post or station outside a
camp, or at a distance from the army ; troops at
such a station.

Out-pour' (out-por'), v. t. To pour out ; to effuse.

Out'rage (out'raj), n. Wanton wrong ; a gross in-
jury ; an affront ; an abuse ; an assault. — v. t.
[Outraged (-rajd) ; Outraging (-ra'jing).] To
commit outrage upon. — 0ut-ra'ge0US (-ra'jus),
a. Involving or performing an outrage ; exceed-
ing the limits of reason or decency ; furious ;
excessive ; atrocious ; enormous. — Out-ra'-
geous-ly, adv. — Out-ra'geous-ness, n.

Out-rank' (out-rSnk'), v. t. To take precedence
of, in rank.

||0u'tr6' (oo/tra'), a. [F.] Out of the common
course or limits ; extravagant.

Out-reach' (out-rech'), v. i. To reach or extend
beyond.

Out-ride' (out-rid'), v. t. To ride faster than.

Out'rid'er (out'rld'er), n. A mounted servant
attending a carriage.

Out'rig'ger (out'ng'ger), n. A spar projecting
from a ship's mast, etc., for extending ropes or
sails, etc. ; a bracket on a boat's side, support-
ing a rowlock.

Out'right' (out'rif), adv. Immediately ; at once ;
instantly ; completely ; utterly.

Out-run' (out-run'), v. t. [imp. Outran (-ran') ;
p.p. Outrun ; p. pr. Outrunning.] To surpass
in running ; to leave behind.

Out-sail' (out-sal'), v. t. To sail faster than.

Out-sell' (out-sgl'), v. t. [Outsold (-sold') ; Out-
selling.] To exceed in amount of sales or in
prices of things sold ; to bring a higher price.

Out'set' (out'sSf), n. First entrance on any busi-
ness ; beginning.

Out-shine' (out-shin'), v. t. To excel in luster or
excellence.

Out'side7 (out'sid'), n. External part of a thing ;
exterior. — a. On the outside ; exterior ; alien.
— Out'sid' er (-sld'er), n. One not belonging to
the concern, party, etc., spoken of.

a, e, i, o, w, long ; a, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, Obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

OUTSKIRT

295

OVERLOOK

Oval.

Out'skirt' (out'skerf), n. A border ; a suburb.

Out-spread' (out-sprgd'), v. t. To extend ; to
spread ; to open ; to diffuse.

Out-stand' (out-st&nd'), v. i. To stand or remain
beyond the proper time ; to be unpaid, as a debt.

Out-Stretch' (out-strech'), v. t. To stretch or
spread out ; to expand.

Out-strip7 (out-strip'), v. t. To outrun ; to leave
behind.

Out-vote' (out-vof), v. t. To exceed in the num-
ber of votes.

Out- walk' (out-wak'), v. t. To walk faster than ;
to leave behind.

Out'ward (out'werd), Out'wardS (-werdz), adv.
From the interior part ; toward the exterior ;
beyond ; off ; away. — Out'ward, a. External ;
exterior ; visible ; apparent ; public. — Out'-
ward-ly, adv. — Out'ward-ness, n.

Out-wear' (out-wSr'), v. t. [imp. Outwore
(-wor') ; p. p. Outworn (-worn') ; p. pr. Out-
wearing.] To last longer than; to exceed in
duration.

Out-weigh' (out-wa'), v. t. To exceed in weight,
value, or importance.

Out- Wit' (out-wit'), v. t. To surpass in cunning ;
to overreach ; to frustrate by superior ingenuity.

Out-work' (out-wfirk'), v. t. To surpass
in work or labor.

Out'work' ( out'svfirk' ), n. Part of a
fortress without the principal wall.

O'val (o'val), a. Having the shape of
an egg ; oblong and curvilinear ; ellip-
tical. — n. Body shaped like an egg or
an ellipse. — O'va-ry (-va-r^), n. A place where,
or organ in which, seed or eggs are formed. —
O'vate (o'vat), O'va-ted
(-va-tgd), a. Shaped like
an egg, with the lower ex-
tremities broadest.

O-va'tion ( o - va ' shun ), n.
Triumph allowed to a com-
mander for a victory ; ex-
pression of popular homage.

OVen (uv"n), n. Arched place for baking, heat-
ing, or drying.

O'ver (o'ver), prep. Across ; above ; upon ; on
the surface ; covering ; beyond ; more than ; in
spite of ; notwithstanding. — adv. From side
to side ; across ; throughout ; excessively ; at
an end ; finished. — a. Upper ; covering ; —
used in composition ; as, overshoes, otercoat.

O'ver-act' (o'ver-Skt'), v. t. & i. To act or per-
form to excess.

O'ver-allS (o'ver-alz), n. pi. Loose trousers cov-
ering and protecting others from being soiled.

O'ver-arch' ((^ver-arch'), v. t. To cover with an
arch.

O'ver-awe' (c^ver-a'), v. t. To restrain by awe.

O'ver-bal'ance (o'ver-bSl'ans), v. t. To exceed
in weight ; to preponderate. — O'ver-bal/ance
(o'ver-bSl'ans), n. Excess ; something more
than equivalent.

O'ver-bear' (o'ver-bar'), v. t. [imp. Overbore
(-bor') ; p. p. Overborne (-born') ; p. pr. Over-
bearing.] To bear down ; to repress ; to sub-
due. — O'ver-bear'lng, a. Haughty and dog-
matical ; domineering ; insolent.

O'ver-bid' (o've'r-bTd'), v. i. To bid or offer in
excess of.

O'ver-board' (dAer-bord'), adv. Over the side of
a ship ; into the water.

O'ver-bUT'den (o'ver-bGr'd'n), v. t. To load to
excess.

O'ver-cast' (o/ver-kasf), v. t. To cloud ; to dark-
en ; to oversew (raw edges of a seam, to prevent
raveling).

O'ver-Charge' (o/ver-charj'), v. t. To load too
heavily ; to burden ; to oppress ; to charge too
high a price ; to exaggerate. — n. Excessive
load, burden, or charge of a gun.

O'ver-clOUd' (o'ver-kloud'), v. t. To cover with
clouds.

O'ver-coat' (o'ver-kof), n. A coat worn over
other clothing ; a greatcoat.

O'ver-come' (o'ver-kum'), v. t. To get the better
of ; to subdue ; to vanquish ; to defeat ; to sur-
mount. — v. i. To gain the superiority.

O'ver-do7 (o'ver-dob'), v. t. To do too much ;
to exaggerate ; to fatigue ; to cook too much. —
v. i. To labor too hard.

O'ver-dose7 (o'ver-dos'), n. Too great a dose ; an '
excess. *

O'ver-draw' (o'ver-dra/), v. t. To exaggerate;
to make drafts upon (one's capital or credit)
beyond its aggregate.

O'ver-due' (o'ver-du'), a. Due and more than
due ; past the time of payment.

0/ver-fl0W' (o^er-flo'), v. t. To flow or spread
over; to inundate; to overwhelm. — v. i. To
run over ; to be abundant ; to abound. — O'ver-
flow' (o'ver-no7), n. Inundation; superabun-
dance ; outlet for surplus liquid.

O'ver-grow' (o/ver-gr6v), v. t. [imp. Overgrew
(-gru') ; p. p. Overgrown (-gron') ; p.pr. Over-
growing.] To cover with growth ; to grow be-
yond ; to rise above. — O'ver-grOWtk' (-groth'),
n. Excessive growth.

O'ver-hand' (o'ver-hand'), n. The upper hand ;
advantage. — a. Sewed together by passing
each stitch over both edges.

O'ver-hang' (o'ver-hang'), v. t. & i. [Overhung ;
Overhanging.] To hang, jut, or project, over.
— O'ver-hang' (o'ver-hang'), n. Projection (of
a story of a building, bow of a ship, etc. ) beyond
the lower part.

O'ver-haul' (o'ver-hal'), v. t. [Overhauled
(-hald') ; Overhauling.] To draw or drag over ;
to examine thoroughly ; to overtake.

O'ver-head' (o'ver-hed'), adv. Aloft ; above.

O'ver-hear' ( o ' ver - her ' ), v. t. [Overheard
(-herd') ; Overhearing.] To hear by accident
or without the speaker's knowledge.

O'ver-is'sue (o'ver-Tsh'u), n. Excessive issue (of
notes, beyond the capital stock or the public
wants, etc.). —v. t. To issue to excess.

O'ver-Joy' (o'ver-joi'), v. t. To make excessively
joyful. — n. Excessive joy.

O'ver-land' (o'ver-15nd'), a. Made or performed
upon or across the land. — adv. By, upon, or
across, land.

O'ver-lap' (o'ver-ISp'), v. t. & i. To extend so as
to lie or rest upon ; to lap over.

O'ver-lay' (o'ver-la'), v. t. [Overlaid (-lad') ;
Overlaying.] To lay or spread over ; to cover
completely ; to hide ; to smother.

O'ver-load' (o'ver-lod'), v. t. To load with too
heavy a burden or cargo.

O'ver-lOOk' (o/ver-ldtik'), v. t. To look over or
beyond, as from a high place ; to afford a pros-
pect of ; to inspect ; to review ; to look beyond ;
to pass by ; to refrain from noticing ; to ex-
cuse ; to pardon.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

OVERMASTER

296

OWN

O'ver-mas'ter (5/ver-maVter), v. t. To overpow-
er ; to subdue.

O'ver-match' ( o'ver-mach' ), v. t. To be too
powerful for ; to conquer. — O'ver-match/
(5'ver-mScbO, n. One superior in power.

O'ver-much' (o'ver-much'), a. Too niucb. —
adv. In too great a degree. — n. Excess ; sur-
plus.

O'ver-night' (o'ver-nhy), adv. During tbe nigbt ;
all nigbt.

O'ver-pass' (67ver-pas/), v. t. To pass over ; to
disregard ; to go over ; to cross ; to omit.

O'ver-pay' ((^ver-pa'), v. t. To pay too much or
more tlian is due.

O'ver-plus (o'ver-plus), n. That which remains
after a supply ; surplus.

Cver-pow'er (o'ver-pou'er), v. t. To affect with
a power or force that cannot be borne ; to over-
bear ; to crush ; to overwhelm ; to subdue.

O'ver-rate' (o'ver-raf), v. t. To rate at too
much ; to estimate too highly.

0'ver-reach' (o'ver-rech'), v. t. To reach or ex-
tend beyond ; to get the better of by cunning ;
to cheat.

Cver-reach' (o'ver-rech'), v. i. To reach too far ;
as, to strike the toe of the hind foot against the
fore foot, as some horses do ; to sail farther than
necessary on one tack. — O'ver-reach'er, n.

O'ver-ride' (c^ver-rid'), v. t. [imp. Overrode
(-rod'); p.p. Overridden (-rid'd'n), Overrode,
Overrid (-rid') ; p. pr. Overriding.] To ride
(an animal) beyond its strength ; to outride ;
to trample down ; to set aside ; to annul.

(Kver-rule' (o'ver-rul'), *>• t. To control by pre-
dominant power.

Cver-ron' ((^ver-run'), v. t. [imp. Overran;
p. p. Overrun ; p. pr. Overrunning.] To run
or spread over ; to overcome by invasion ; to
subdue; to change the arrangement of (type,
and carry those of one line into another). — v. i.
To become excessive or superabundant ; to over-
flow ; to extend beyond its desired length.

Cver-see7 (o'ver-se'), v. t. [imp. Oversaw (-sa/) ;
p. p. Overseen (-sen') ; Overseeing.] To in-
spect so as to direct ; to superintend ; to over-
look. — CKver-seer' (-ser' or -se'er), n.

Cver-set' (o'ver-seV), v. t. [Overset; Over-
setting.] To turn upon the side, or bottom
upward ; to subvert ; to overthrow. — O'ver-set'
(oAer-sef), n. An upsetting ; ruin ; overturn.

O'ver-shad'OW (o/ver-shad'6), v. t. To throw a
shadow or shade over ; to shelter ; to protect.

O'ver-shoe7 (o'ver-shod'), n. A shoe of India rub-
ber, etc., worn over another shoe to protect it
from moisture.

O'ver-shoot' (o'ver-
shootM, v. t. [Over-
shot (-shoV) ; O v er -

SHOOTING.] TO shOOt

beyond (a mark) ; to

8 ass swiftly over. —
vershot wheel (o'ver-

sh5t' hwel). A water
wheel turned by water
which shootn over the
top of it, filling the
buckets and acting by
its weight. Overshot Wheel.

Cver-Sight' (o'ver-sif), n.

Watchful care ; overlooking ; an omission ; in-
advertence ; neglect ; negligence ; error.

O'ver-sleep7 (o'ver-slep'), v. t. To sleep beyond
or by.

0' ver-spread' ( o ' ver - spred ' ), v. t. To spread,
cover, or scatter over.

O'ver-state' (o'ver-staf), v. t. To state too
strongly ; to exaggerate.

O'ver-Stay' (o'ver-sta'), v. t. To stay longer than ;
to stay beyond the limits of.

O'ver-Step7 (o'ver-step'), v. t. To step over or
beyond ; to exceed.

O'ver-Strain' (o'ver-stran'), v. i. To strain to ex-
cess ; to make too violent efforts.

O'vert (o'vert), a. Open to view ; public ; mani-
fest. — O'vert-ly, adv.

O'ver-take' (o'ver-tak'), v. t. [imp. Overtook
(-took') ; p. p. Overtaken (-tak"n ) ; p. pr.
Overtaking.] To come up with ; to catch ; to
take by surprise.

O'ver-task' (o'ver-task'), v. t. To impose too
heavy a task on.

O'ver-thxow' (o' ver- thro'), v. t. [imp. Over-
threw (-thru') ; p. p. Overthrown (-thron') ;
p. pr. Overthrowing.] To throw over ; to turn
upside down ; to ruin ; to defeat utterly. —
O'ver-tlirow' (o'ver-thro'), n. An overturn-
ing ; destruction ; defeat ; downfall.

O'ver-top' (o/ver-t5p/), v. t. To rise above the top
of ; to go beyond ; to surpass ; to obscure.

O'ver-trade7 (o'ver-trad'), v. i. To trade beyond
capital, or beyond the public want.

O'ver-ture (o'ver-tur), n. Something offered for
consideration ; proposal ; offer ; musical com-
position introductory to an oratorio, opera, etc.

O'ver-turn' (o'ver-tQm'), v. t. To turn or throw
from a basis or foundation ; to subvert ; to ruin ;
to overpower ; to overset. — O'ver-torn' (o'ver-
tfirn'), n. Overthrow ; upsetting ; ruin.

O'ver-val'ue (o'ver-vSl'u), v. t. To value excess-
ively.

O'ver-ween' (o'ver-wen'), v. i. To be too high or
flattering, in one's estimate ; to be arrogant in
one's claims. — O'ver-ween'ing-ly, adv.

O'ver-weigh' (o'ver-wa'), v. t. To exceed in
weight ; to outweigh ; to preponderate ; to out-
balance. — O'ver- weight' ( o ' ver - wat ' ), n.
Weight over and above what is required ; pre-
ponderance.

O'ver- Whelm' ( o'ver-hwelm' ), v . t. To over-
spread or crush beneath ; to immerse and bear
down ; to crush. — O'ver-whelm'ing-ly, adv.

O'ver-work' (o'ver-wfirk'), v. i. & t. To work
beyond the strength ; to tire.

O'vl-form (o'vT-f8rm), a. Having the form of an
egg.

O'void (o'void), a. Shaped like an egg. — n. An
ovoid body.

O'vum (o'vum), n. ; pi. Ova (o'va).
Body formed by the female, which,
after impregnation, develops into a
new individual like the parent.

Owe (o), v. t. [Owed (od) ; Owing.]
To be obliged or bound to pay. — v. i.
To be due to ; to be the consequence
or result of.

Owl (oul), n. A nocturnal carnivorous bird, with
/downy feathers, and a large head. — Owl'et
(oul'St), n. A little owl. — Owl'ish, a. Re-
sembling an owl ; stupid and solemn.

Own (on), v. i. [Owned (ond) ; Owning.] To
acknowledge ; to admit ; to confess.

1 Own (on), a. Belonging to; belonging exclusively

Ovoid.

S, e, i, o, u, long ; a, £, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event. tde» , obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final)

OWNER

297

PACKMAN

to ; peculiar. — v. t. To hold as property ; to
have legal or rightful title to. — Own'er (on'er),
n. — Own'er-less (-les), a. Having no owner.

— Own'er-sMp, n. Proprietorship.

Ox (oks), n.; pi. Oxen (oks''n). Castrated male
of bovine quadrupeds.

Ox-al'ic (5ks-al'Ik), a. Pertaining to, or ob-
tained from, sorrel.

Ox'ide (oks'id or -id), n, A compound of oxygen
and a base with no acid and salifying properties.

— Ox'1-dize (-T-diz), Ox'i-date (-dat), v. t. To
convert into oxide, by combination with oxy-
gen. — Ox'i-da'tion (-da'shfin), Ox'i-dize/ment
(-diz'mfnt), n. A converting into an oxide.

Ox'y-gen ( oks'T-jen ), n. A gaseous element,
whose combination with bodies, when rapid,
produces combustion, and in slower form, oxi-
dation. It serves to support life, and forms
22 per cent of the atmosphere. Combined with
hydrogen, it forms water. — Ox'y-gen-ate (-at),
Ox'y-gen-ize (-iz), v. t. To combine with oxy-
gen. — Ox'y-gen-a'tion (-a'shun), n. Oxida-
tion. — Ox'y-gen'ic ( - jgn'Tk ), Ox-yg'en-ous
(-1 j'e-nQs), a. Pertaining to, containing, or pro-
ducing, oxygen.

Ox'y-tone (Sks'T-ton), a. Having an acute sound.
— ra. An acute sound; in Greek grammar, a
word with an acute accent on the last syllable.

O'yer (o'yer), n. Legal hearing (of a deed, bond,
etc.).

O'yez' (o'yeV), interj. Hear ; attend ; — a term
used by criers of courts to secure silence.

Oys'ter (ois'ter), n.
A bivalve mollusk,
of which the com-
mon species is used
for food. — Oyster
plant. A plant,
whose root, when
cooked, somewhat
resembles the oys-
ter in taste ; salsify.

O'zone (o'zon or 6-
zon'), n. Colorless,
gaseous form of ox-
ygen, with an odor
like that of chlo-
rine.— O-zon'ic (6-
zon'Tk), O'zo-nous (o'zo-niis), a
taining to, or containing, ozone.

Oyster with the Upper Lobe of
Mantle removed, a Mus-
cle ; b Gills ; c& Mantle : d
Palpi ; e Mouth ; h Anus;
t Intestine ; I Liver.

Like, per-

Paca.

PabTl-lum (paVu-lfim), n. Means of nutriment ;
food ; fuel. — PaVu-lar (-ler), a. Pertaining
to, or affording, food.

Pa'ca (Pg. p'a'ka; E.
pa'ka), n. A South
American rodent, re-
sembling the Guinea

pig-
Pace (pas), n. A step ;
space from heel of
one foot to heel of
the other in walking,
being from 28 to 33
inches ; manner of

walking ; gait ; particular gait of some horses,
in which the legs on the same side are lifted to-
gether ; amble ; rack. — v. i. [Paced (past) ;
Pacing (pa'sing).] To go ; to walk ; to amble.

— v. t. To walk over with measured tread ; to
measure by paces. — Pa'cer (pa'ser), n.

Pa-cha' (pa-sh'a'). n. See Pasha.

Pach'y-derm (paVT-derm), n. A nonruminant
quadruped, having very thick skin, as the ele-
phant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse,
hog, etc. — Pach/y-der'ma-tous (-der'ma-tus),
a. Pertaining to a pachyderm ; not sensitive ;
impervious to hints or criticism.

Pac'i-fy (paVi-fi), v. t. [Pacified (-fid) ; Paci-
fying.] To appease wrath, passion, or appe-
tite ; to restore peace to ; to calm ; to still :
to quiet ; to soothe ; to compose. — Pac'i-fi'er
(-fi'er), n. — Pa-clf'ic (pa-sifTk), a. Peace-
making ; appeasing ; conciliatory ; calm ; quiet ;
peaceable. — Pa-Cil'i-ca'tion (pa-sif'T-ka'shun
or pXs'T-fT-), n. A pacifying ; a reconcilement.

— Pa-cif'i-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. Peacemaker. —
Pa-Clf'1-ca-tO-ry (pa-stf'i-ka-to-ry), a. Concil-
iatory.

Pack (p5k), n. A bale ; a bundle carried on the
back; a wrapping in (dry, wet, cold, etc.)

sheets, in hydropathic treatment ; quantity of
similar things; set of playing cards; number
of wolves, of dogs kept together, of persons
united in a design, etc. ; large area of floating
pieces of ice driven together. — v. t. [Packed
(pSkt) ; Packing.] To make up into a bundle ;
to envelop (a patient) in a wet or dry sheet ; to
load ; to make full ; to stow away within ; to
put together (cards) so as to secure the game
unfairly ; to bring together fraudulently ; to
send off ; to dispatch ; to render impervious to
air. water, or steam, by filling or surrounding
with suitable materials. — v. i. To form things
into bundles or into a compact mass ; to depart
in haste. — Pack/er, n. — Pack horse. A horse

Pack Horse.

to carry burdens. — Pack saddle. A saddle for
supporting loads on a pack animal. — Pack
Staff. A staff for supporting a pack ; a ped-
dler's staff. — Pack thread. Strong thread or
twine for tying up parcels. — Pack'age (pXk'-
aj), n. A packing ; bundle ; charge for packing
goods. — Pack'et, n. A small pack or package ;
a vessel conveying passengers and goods on
fixed days of sailing. — Pack'man (-man), n.
One who bears a pack ; a peddler.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PACT

298

PALE

Pact (p5kt), to. Agreement ; league ; covenant.

Pad (p£d), n. A footpath ; a road ; an easy-paced
horse ; a highwayman ; a footpad.

Pad (pad), to. Thing flattened or laid flat ; pack-
age of writing or blotting paper ; soft saddle,
cushion, etc. ; floating leaf of a water plant. — ■
v. t. [Padded; Padding.] To stuff with pad-
ding. — Pad'ding (pSd'dYng), to. A making a
pad ; material for stuffing a saddle, garment,
etc., or for filling out a newspaper or book.

Pafl'dle (pa\i'd'l), v. t. & i. To beat water with
the hands or feet ; to propel (a boat) with a pad-
dle. — to. A short oar with a broad blade ; the
broad part of an oar or weapon, or at the cir-
cumference of a water wheel ; a paddle-shaped
foot, of a tortoise, crocodile, etc.

Pad'dOCk (pad'duk), to. A large toad or frog.

Pad'dock (pSd'duk), to. A small inclosure adjoin-
ing a stable.

Pad'dy (pSd'dy), to. An Irishman: — in con-
tempt.

Pad'dy (pSd'dy), n. The East India name for
unhusked rice.

Pad'lock' (p5da5k'), n. A portable lock having
a link jointed at one
end so as to be opened,
the other end being
fastened by the bolt. —
v. t. To fasten with a
padlock; to shut; to
confine.

IlPa-dro'ne ( pa-dro'na ),
to. Patron; protector;
an importer of Italian
laborers, street musi-
cians, etc., who controls
their earnings.

Pee'an (pe'an), to. Song
of rejoicing or triumph.

Pae'o-ny ( pe ' 6 - n^ ), ».
See Peony.

Pa'gan (pa'gan), to. One who worships false
gods ; a heathen ; an idolater. — a. Heathen ;
heathenish. — Pa'gan-ism (-Tz'm), to. Worship
of false gods ; heathenism.

Page (paj), to. An attendant on. a nobleman ; a
boy that waits on members of a legislative body.

Page (paj), to. One side of a leaf. —v. t. [Paged
(pajd) ; Paging (pa'jYng).] To number the
pages of (a book). — Pag'i-nal (p5j'Y-nal), a.
Consisting of pages. — Pag'i-na'tion (-na'shun),
to. The paging a book ; figures to indicate the
number of pages.

Pag'eant (p5j'ent or pa'jent), to. A spectacle or
an exhibition for public entertainment ; pomp ;
finery. — Pag'eant-ry (-ry), n. Pompous exhi-
bition ; show.

Pa-gO'da (pa-go'da), to. Temple in the East Indies,
China, or Japan ; an East India coin.

Pail (pal), n. A vessel for water, milk, etc. —
Pail'ful (pal'ful), to. Quantity that a pail will
hold.

Pain, (pan), to. Punishment ; uneasy sensation ;
suffering*; distress ; toilsome effort ; task. —
v. t. [Pained (pand) ; Paining.] To afflict
with uneasy sensations ; to disquiet ; to afflict ;
to grieve ; to torment ; to torture. — PalB/ful
(pan'ful), a. Full of pain ; occasioning uneasi-
ness, difficult; distressing; grievous; arduous.
— Pain ' ful - ly, adv. — Pain'ful-ness, to. —
Pain'less, a. Free from pain ; relieved from

Padlock.

trouble. — Pain'less-ly, adv. — Painless-ness,
to. — Pains (panz), n. Care ; trouble. — Pains'-
tak'er (-tak'er), to. One who takes pains ; a
person laborious and faithful in his work. —
Pains'tak ing, a. Carefully laborious ; sparing
no pains. — n. Careful and conscientious ex-
ertion.

Pai'nim (pa'nim), to. A pagan ; an infidel.

Paint (pant), v. t. To apply paint to ; to color ;
to represent by colors or hues ; to describe
vividly ; to picture ; to depict ; to portray ; to
sketch ; to describe, —v. i. To practice the art
of painting ; to color one's face by way of beau-
tifying it. — to. Coloring matter ; pigment ; cos-
metic ; rouge. — Paint'er (panther), n. — Paint'-
ing, to. A laying on colors; a representing
objects on a plane surface, by means of colors ;
vivid description in words ; a picture.

PainVer (panther), to. A rope at the bow of a
boat, to fasten it.

Paint'er (panfer), to. A local American name
for the puma or panther.

Pair (pSr), to. Two similar things used together;
couple ; brace ; set. — v. i. & t. [Paired (pSrd) ;
Pairing.] To couple; to suit; to fit.

Pa-ja'mas (pa-ja'maz), n. pi. A sleeping suit of
drawers and jacket.

Pal'ace (pSlts), to. A magnificent house; a
royal residence.

Pal'a-din (paVa-din), to. A distinguished cham-
pion ; a hero.

Paran-quin' (pSFan-ken'), Pal'an-keen', n. Ori-
ental covered carriage borne on men's shoul-
ders.

Palanquin.

Pal'ate (paVat), to. The seat of gustation or
taste ; relish ; intellectual taste. — Pal'a-ta-ble
(-a-ta-b'l), a. Agreeable to the taste. — Pal'a-
tal (-tfll), a. Pertaining to the palate. — to. A
letter pronounced by aid of the palate.

Pa-la'tial (pa-la'shal), a. Pertaining to, or becom-
ing, a palace ; magnificent.

PaPa-tine (paVa-tYn), a. Pertaining to a palace ;
having royal privileges. — n. One having royal
privileges ; a count palatine. — Pa-lat'i-nate
(pa-laVY-nat), n. Province or seigniory of a
palatine. — Count palatine. A count having
royal jurisdiction. — County palatine. County
whose proprietor had royal jurisdiction.

Pa-la'ver (pa-la'ver), to. Idle talk ; flattery ;
conference or deliberation. — v. t. & i. [Pala-
vered (-verd) ; Palavering.] To hold a pala-
ver ; to flatter. — Pa-la'ver-er, to.

Pale (pal), a. Not ruddy or fresh of color;
dusky white ; of faint luster ; wan ; pallid ;
dim; faint. — v. i. & t. [Paled (paid) ; Pal-
ing.] To turn pale. — Pale'ly (pal'ty), adv. —
Pale'ness, n. — Pal'ish, a. Somewhat pale;
faint.

Pale (pal), n. A pointed stake ; picket ; inclos-
ing boundary ; limit ; inclosure ; limited ter-

a, e, 1, o, G, long ; &, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senftte, event, Idea, Obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

PALING

299

PAMPER

Palette.
A word or sen-

ritory. — v. t. To inclose with pales or stakes ;
to encompass. — Pal'ing (pal'ing), n. Material
for pales ; fence ; inclosure.

Pa'le-Og'ra-phy (pa'le-og'ra-fy), n. An ancient
manner of writing ; the deciphering of ancient
documents. — Pa'le-Og'ra-pher (-5g'ra-ier), n.
One skilled in paleography. — Pa'le-O-graph'ic
(-4-grSf'Yk), Pa'le-o-graph'ic-al(-l-kal), a. Of
or pertaining to paleography.

Pa'le-Ol'O-gy (-ol'6-jy), n. Treatise on antiqui-
ties; archaeology. — Pa'le-ol'O-glst, n. One
conversant with paleology.

Pa'le-on-tol'O-gy (-on-tol'6-jy), n. Science of the
ancient life of the earth, or of fossil remains.

Pa-les'tra (pa-leVtra), n. A wresthng : place of
wrestling. — Pa-les'tri-an (-tn-an), Pa-les'tric
(-trik), Pa-les'tric-al (-trl-kal), a. Pertaining
to wrestling.

! Pal'e-tOt (pSl'e-to ; F. pal'to'), n. An overcoat.

Pal'ette (pal'St), n. A tablet on which a painter
mixes pigments.

Pal'frey (pal'fif), n. A saddle
horse ; small horse suitable
for ladies.

Pal'imp-sest (p51'Tmp-sgst), n.
A manuscript written upon
twice, the first writing having
been erased.

Pal'in-drome (p5i'Tn-drom), n.
tence that is the same read backward or for-
ward ; as, madam, reviver, deified.

Pal'ing, n. See under Pale, n.

Pal'i-node (pal'T-nod), n. A song repeated a
second time ; a recantation.

PaM-sade' (pSl'T-sad'), n. A stake having one
end set firmly in the ground, and the other
sharpened ; a fence formed of such stakes. —
v. t. To inclose or fortify with stakes.

Pal'ish, a. See under Pale, a.

Pall (pal), n. Same as Pawl, n.

Pall (pal), n. A cloak ; a mantle ; an ecclesiasti-
cal scarflike vestment, embroidered with purple
crosses ; cloth thrown over a coffin at a funeral.
— Pall bearer. One attending a coffin at a
funeral.

Pall (pal), v. i. [Palled (paid) ; Palling.] To
become vapid ; to lose strength, life, spirit, or
taste. — v. t. To make vapid or insipid ; to dis-
pirit ; to depress ; to satiate ; to cloy.

Pal-la' di-um (pSl-la'dl-iim), n. Statue of the
goddess Pallas ; effectual defense ; protection ;
a rare metallic element resembling platinum.

Pal'let (pSl'let), n. A palette.

Pal'let (p51'16t), n. A wooden instrument used by
potters and crucible-makers ;
an implement used in gilding ;
a lever connected with the pen-
dulum of a clock, or balance of
a watch.

Pal'let (pSl'lSt), n. Small and
rude bed.

Pal'li-ate (pSllt-at), v. t. To
cover with excuse ; to reduce
in violence ; to abate ; to miti-

' gate ; to cloak ; to hide ; to ex-
tenuate ; to conceal. — Pal'li-
a'tion (-a'shun), n. A pallia-
ting ; abatement. — Pal'li-a-tive (pal'lT-a-tiv),
a. Serving to extenuate ; relieving (pain or dis-
ease). — n. That which extenuates, or which
abates pain or other evil.

Pallet.
Anchor Escape-
ment ; pp Pallets.

Pal'lid (pSllTd), a. Pale ; wan. — Pal'lid-ness,
Pal-lid'i-ty (-lid'i-t?), Pal'lor (-ler), n. Pale-
ness.

Palm (pam), n. Inner part of the hand ; lineal
measure equal to the breadth of the hand or to
its length from wrist to ends of the fingers ; tri-
angular part of an anchor at the end of the
arms ; broad part of the horns of a deer ; metal
plate on the inside of the hand, used by sail-
makers to force a needle through canvas.— v. t.
To conceal in the hand ; to juggle ; to impose
by fraud. — Palm'er (pamper), n. A cheat;
swindler. — Pal'mate (pSi'mat), Pal'ma-ted
(-ma-ted), a. Having the shape of the hand ;
resembling a hand with the fingers spread. —
Pal'ml-ped (-HiT-ped), a. Having the toes con-
nected by a membrane ; web-footed. — n. A
swimming bird ; bird having webbed feet. —
Pal'mis-try (-nns-try), n. The telling fortunes
by lines in the palm of the hand.

Palm (pam), n. A perennial tree of many species,
most of them tropical ; a branch of the palm,
anciently worn as a symbol of rejoicing ; token
of success or triumph. — Palm'er (pam'er), n.
A wandering religious votary, who bore a
palm, in token that he had visited the Holy
Land. — Pal'ma-ry (pal'rna-ry), a. Worthy of
the palm ; preeminent ; palmy ; chief. — Pal-
mif'er-OUS (-mTfer-Qs), a. Bearing palms. —
Palm'y (pam'^), a. Worthy of the palm or of
honor ; victorious.

Palm'er- worm' ( pam ' er - wfirm ' ), n. A hairy
worm or caterpillar which travels in great num-
bers and devours herbage.

Pal-met'tO (pSl-mgt'to), n. A palm tree of the
West Indies and Southern United States; the
cabbage tree.

Palm' Sun day (pam' sun'da), n. The Sunday
next before Easter ; — in commemoration of our
Savior's entry into Jerusalem, when the multi-
tude strewed palm branches in the way.

Palm'y (pam'y), a. See under Palm, a tree.

Palp (palp), UPal'pus (pal'pus), n. ; pi. Palpi
(-pi). A feeler ; one of the jointed, sensiferous
organs attached in pairs to the lower jaw in
many insects, crustaceans, spiders, etc. — Pal'-
pa-ble (-pa-b'l), a. Perceptible by the touch ;
capable of being felt ; plain ; obvious. — Pal'-
pa-ble-ness, Pal'pa-Ml'i-ty ( -bTiT-ty ), n. —
Pal'pa-bly, adv. — Pal-pa'tion (-pa'shiin), n.
A touching or feeling.

Pal'pi-tate (pal'pT-tat), v. i. To beat rapidly and
excitedly, as the heart ; to throb ; to pulsate ;
to flutter. — Pal'pi-ta'tion ( -ta'shun ), n. A
beating of the heart ; esp. , a violent, irregular,
and unnatural beating.

Pal'sy (pal'zy), n. Loss of power of sensation
and voluntary motion ; paralysis, —v. t. [Pal-
sied (-zT(l) ; Palsying.] To destroy a function
of ; to paralyze. — Pal'sied (-zld), a. Affected
with palsy.

Pal'try (pal'try), a. [Paltrier; Paltriest.]
Destitute of worth ; contemptible ; despicable j
pitiful ; mean ; vile. — Pal'tri-ly, adv. — Pal'-
tri-ness, n. — Pal'ter (-ter), v. i. To act in an
insincere or false manner ; to trifle ; to haggle ;
to shift ; to dodge. — Pal'ter-er, n.

Pam'pas (pSm'paz ; Sp. pam'pas), n. pi. Vast
plains in Buenos Ayres, South America.

Pam'per (pam'per), v. t. [Pampered (-perd) ;
Pampering.] To feed to the full ; to glut.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PAMPHLET

300

PAPIER-MACHE

Panda.
Council chamber

of

Pam'phlet (pam'flet), n. A small book, stitched
together, but not bound. — PanVphlet-eer'
(-err), n. A writer of pamphlets ; a scribbler.

Pail (pSn), n. A shallow, open dish ; the skull ;
the brainpan ; the cranium ; the hard stratum
of earth, below the soil, that holds the water.

— Pan'cake7 (pan'kak')> n. A thin cake, fried
in a pan or broiled on a griddle.

Pan'a-ce'a (pan'a-se'a), n. A remedy for all dis-
eases ; a cure-all.

Pa-na'da (pa-ua'da), Pa-nade' (-nad'), n. Bread
boiled in water and sweetened.

Pan'cre-as (pan'kre-as), n. The sweetbread, a
gland beneath the stomach, which pours its
secretion into the alimentary canal during di-
gestion. — Pan'cre-af ic (-St'Tk), a. Pertaining
to the pancreas.

Pan/da (pan'da), n. A small animal of the bear
kind, found in
Northern India,
valuable for its
fur.

Pan'dect (pan'-
dSkt), n. Treatise
containing the
whole of any sci-
ence.

Pan'de-mo'ni-um

(pSn'de-mo'nl-um),
demons.

Pan'der (pah'der), n. A male bawd ; pimp ; one
who ministers to evil designs of others. —v. t.
&i. [Pandered (pSn'derd) ; Pandering.] To
minister to the evil designs or lusts of others.

Pane (pan), n. A patch ; a piece ; a compart-
ment ; a plate of glass.

Pan/e-gyr'iC (pan'e-jli'ik), n. Oration in praise
of some person or achievement ; encomium ;
laudation ; eulogy. — Pan'e-gyr'ic, Pan'e-gyr'-
lc-al (-i-kol), a. Containing praise ; encomi-
astic. — Pan7 e-gyr'ist (-jTrTst), n. A eulogist.

— Pan'e-gy-rize (pan'e-jT-rlz), v. t. & i. To
praise highly.

Pan'el (pan'Sl), n. A compartment, in wainscot-
ings, doors, bridge trusses, etc. ; thin board on
which a picture is painted ; schedule of persons
summoned as jurors; the whole jury. — v. t.
[Paneled (-Sid) or Panelled ; Paneling or
Panelling.] To form with panels.

Pang (pSng), n. A momentary and violent pain ;
a throe ; anguish ; distress.

Pan'lc (pan'Tk), n. A grass plant, and its seed,
some species of which are edible.

Pan'lc (pan'Tk), a. Extreme or sudden ; imag-
inary and causeless. — ». Sudden fright ; cause-
less terror.

Pan'i-cle (pan'T-k'l), n. A pyramidal form of
inflorescence, as in oats.

Pan'nler (pSn'yer or pan'nT-er),
n. Wicker basket for carry-
ing fruit, etc., on a horse ;
bustle for a woman's dress.

Pan'0-ply (pSn'o-piy),n. Arma-
ment ; full suit of defensive
armor.

Pan'o-ra'ma ( pan'o-ra'ma or
-i a'nia), n. Extensive view in
every direction ; picture ex-
hibited by being unrolled before the spectator.
Pan'o-ram'lc (-rani'Tk), a. Like a pano-
rama ; extended ; comprehensive.

Pansy.

Pan'sy (pan'z^), n. ; pi. Pansjes (-zTz). A plant
and flower of the violet kind ;
heart's ease.

Pant (pant), v. i. To breathe
quickly or violently; to gasp;
to throb. — n. Quick breathing ;
palpitation ; gasp.

Pan 'ta- graph, n. See Panto-
graph.

Pan'ta-let' (pan'ta-let'), n. One
leg ol the loose drawers worn by
children and women ; — chiefly
in plural.

Pan'ta-loon' (pan'ta-lobn'), n. A ridiculous char-
acter in Italian comedy ; a buffoon in panto-
mimes ; pi. men's outer garment for the legs ;
trousers.

Pan'the-ism (pan'the-Tz'm), n. Doctrine that
the universe, taken as a whole, is God. — Pan'-
the-ist (-Tst), n. A believer in pantheism. —

Pan'the-is'tic (-Ts'tTk), Pan'the-is'tic-al (-tT-

kal), a. Pertaining to pantheism.

Pan-the'on (pan-the'on or pan'the-on), n. Tem-
ple dedicated to all the gods ; collective body
of divinities worshiped by a people.

Pan'ther (pan'ther), n. A large variety of the
leopard ; a catamount ; a cougar ; a jaguar.

Pan'tile (pan'tll), n. Roofing tile with a curved
surface.

Pan-to'fle (pan-too'f '1), n. A slipper.

Pan'to-graph (pan'to-graf), n. An instrument
for copying drawings, plans, etc., on the same,
or on a reduced or enlarged, scale. — Pan'to-

graph'ic (-grai'ik), Pan'to-graph'ic-al (-l-k«i),

a. Pertaining to, or performed by, a panto-
graph. — Pan-tog 'ra-phy (-t5g'ra-fy), n. Gen
eral description ; entire view of an object.

Pan'to-mime (pan'to-mlm), n. An actor who per-
forms his part by gesticulation only; theatrical
entertainment given in dumb show. — Pan'to-
mlm'ic (-mTm'Tk), Pan'to-mim'ic-al (-T-kol),
a. Pertaining to pantomime ; representing
characters and actions by dumb show.

Pan'try (pan'try), n. ; pi. Pantries (-triz). Store-
room or closet for bread and other provisions.

Pa'nym, n. & a. See Painim.

Pap (pap), n. A nipple of the breast ; a teat.

Pap (pap), n. Soft food for infants; nourish-
ment ; support.

Pa-pa' (pa-pa' or pa'pa), n. Father ; — a child's
word.

Pa'pa-cy ( pa'pa-sy ), n. Office and dignity of
the pope ; papal authority or jurisdiction ; the
popes taken collectively ; the Roman Catholic
religion ; — used disparagingly. — Pa'pal (-pal),
a. Belonging to the pope of Rome ; popish.

Pa-pav'er-OUS (pa-pSv'er-us), a. Resembling the
poppy.

Pa-paw' (pa-pa/), n. A tropical American tree,
and its edible fruit.

Pa'per (pa'per), n. A substance in sheets to be
written or printed on, used in wrapping, etc. ;
leaf or piece of such substance ; printed or
written instrument ; newspaper ; journal ; notes,
bills of exchange, hank notBB, etc. : colored
hangings for walls of rooms ; parcel or package
(of pins, tacks, etc.) secured in paper.—?-. /.
To cover with, or inclose in, paper.

llPa'pler'-ma'Cne' (pa/pyfi'mii'shi'), n. A sub-
stance made of pulp from rags or paper, cast
and hardened in a mold.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6 bey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PAPILIONACEOUS

301

PARAPLEGY

Pa-pIMo-na'ceous ( pa-pipy6-na'shus ), a. Re-
seiujiuig tue uuccerdy; having a winged corolla,
as blossoms of the beau aud pea.

HPa-pil'la (pa-pll'la), n. ; pi. Papilla (-le). A
inmate elevation of the suriace of the skin,
tongue, etc. — Pap'il-la-ry (papll-la-ry), Pap/-
il-lose/ (-Il-los'), a. Pertaining to, resembling,
or covered witn, papillae.

Pa'pist (pa'plst), n. A Roman Catholic ; adher-
ent of the pope. — Pa-pis'tic (pa-pTs'tlk), Pa-
pis'tic-al (-a-kcrl), a. Pertaining to popery ;
popi-th. — Pa'pis-try ( pa'pis-try ), n. Doc-
trines and ceremonies of the Church of Rome.

Pa-poose' (pa-poos'). Pap-poose7, n. A babe or
young chili of North American Indians.

Pap'pous (pSp'pus), a. Downy, as seeds of this-
tles, dandelions, etc.

Pa-py'rus (pa-pi'rus), n./
pi. Papyri (-ri). A rush-
like Egyptian plant, from
whose s t e in the ancients
made a materi.il for writing
upon ; manuscript written
on papyrus.

Par (par), n. State of equal-
ity ; value expressed on the
face of commercial paper ;
equality of condition or cir-
cumstances. — On a par. On
a level ; in the same condi-
tion, circumstances, posi-
tion, rank, etc. ; equal.

Par'a-Dle (par'a-b'l), n. Moral
fable or allegorical relation
of something real. — Par a-
bol'ic (paVa-boi'lk), Par a-
DOl'ic-al (-i-kol), a. Ex-
pressed by parable.

Pa-rab'o-la (pa-raV6-la), n.
sections, being a curve formed by the
intersection of the surface of a cone
with a plane parallel to one of its
sides. — Par'a-bol'ic (par'a-bol'Tk),
Par'a-bol'iC-al ( -I-kal ), a. Having
the form or nature of a parabola ; gen-
erated by the revolution of a parab-
ola. — Pa-raVo-loid ( pa-raV6-loid ),
n. A solid figure generated by rota-
tion of a parabola about its axis.

Par'a-Chute ( paVa-shut ), n. An umbrellalike
contrivance for descending from a
balloon or great height.

Par'a-Clete ( p5r ' a - klet ), n. One
called to aid ; the Comforter ; the
Intercessor ; the Holy Spirit.

Pa-rade' (pa-rad'), n. Pompous ex-
hibition ; military display ; ground
where such display is held ; spec-
tacle ; procession. — v. t. To show
off ; to assemble and array in military order. -■
v. i. To go about for show, or in procession.

Par'a-digm (par'a-dTm), n. An example of a
word (verb, noun, etc.) conjugated, declined,
compared, etc., in all its forms of inflection.

Par'a-dlse (p5r'a-dis), n. Garden of Eden ; place
of bliss ; heaven.

Par'a-dox (par'a-doks), n. A proposition seem-
ingly absurd, yet true in fact. — Par'a-doX'iC-al
(-d5ks'T-k«l), a. Having the nature of a para-
dox ; inclined to notions contrary to received
opinions. — Par'a-dox'ic-al-ly, adv.

Papyrus.
One of the conic

Parabola.

Parachute

I Par'af-fin (par'af-fin), n. Waxy substance, ob-
i tained from distillation of tar, petroleum, etc.,

used to illuminate aud lubricate.
' UPar a-ge/ge (par'a-go'je), n. Addition of a letter
J or syllable to the end of a word ; as, witUouten
for ivithout. — Par a-gQg'ic (-g5j'ik), a.
Par'a-gon (p5v'a-gon), n. A model or pattern of
| excellence or perfection.

Par'a-graph (par'a-graf ), n. Marginal note upon
something in the text ; a character [* ], used aa
a reference, or to mark a division ; portion of
a writing which relates to a particular point ;
short passage ; brief remark, as in a rewspa-
per. — Par'a-graph'ic (-gra.'ik), Para-graph'-

ic-al (-T-kal), a. Consisting ot paragraph, or
short divisions with breaks.
Par'al-lax (par'al-15ks), n. Apparent change of
place in a heavenly body as viewed lroin dirler-
ent points. — Paral-lac'tic (-iSk'tlk), Par'al-

lac'tic-al (-tT-kr/1), a. Pertaining to a parallax.

Par'al-lel (par'd-lel), a. Extended in the same

direction, and in all parts

equally distant ; having the

same direction or tendency ;

like; similar.—?!. Aline Parallel Lines,
equidistant, throughout its
whole extent, from another line ; circle upon a
globe, parallel to the equator, and marking the
latitude ; resemblance ; likeness ; comparison. —
v. t. [Paralleled (-igld) ; Paralleling.] To
cause to be parallel ; to resemule in e&sential
points. — Par'al-lel-ism (-Iz'ni), n. State of
being parallel ; resemblance.

Par al-lel'o-gram (par'al-iel'6- /
grSm), n. A right - lined /
quadrilateral figure, whose <- —
opposite sides are parallel
and equal.

Par'al-lel'O-pi'ped (paVal-lei'6-pi'pgd), n. A reg-
ular solid, bounded by six paral-
lelograms, the opposite ones par-
allel and equal. — Par al-iel'O-
pip'e-don ( - pip ' e - don ), n. A
parallelopiped. Parallelopiped.

Pa-ral'o-gism (pa-rai'6-jTz'm), Pa-

ral'O-gy (-6-jy), n. False reasoning ; sophistry.

Pa-ral'y-sis (pa-ral'T-sTs), n. Palsy ; loss of vol-
untary motion. — Par'a-lyt'ic (pSr'a-lTt'Ik),
Par'a-lyt/ic-al (-T-kal), a. Affected with paral-
ysis, or palsy. — Par'a-lyt' Ic, n. One affected
with palsy. — Par'a-lyze (paVa-liz), v. t. To
affect with paralvsis ; to palsy.

Par'a-mount (par'a-mount), a. Superior to all
others ; of highest rank ; principal ; chief.

Par'a-pet (p5r'a-pet), n. Wall or rampart cover-
ing soldiers from attack ; breastwork ; low wall
protecting the edge of a bridge, quay, etc.

Par'a-pher-na'li-a (paVa-fer-na'lT-a or -nal'ya),
n. pi. Appendages; ornaments; trappings.

Par'a-phrase (pSr'a-fraz), n. Restatement of a
text or passage, expressing the meaning in an-
other form ; a free translation. — v. t. To ex-
plain, interpret, or translate in other terms. —
v. i. To explain amply. — Par'a-phrast (-frSst),
n. One who paraphrases. — Par'a-phras'tiO
(-fraVtik), Par'a-phras'tiC-al (-tT-kwl), a. Ex-
plaining amply ; not verbal or literal ; diffuse.
— Par'a-phras'tic-al-ly, adv.

HPara-ple'gi-a (pSr ' a - pie ' jT - a ), Par'a-ple'gy
(pSr'a-ple'jy), n. Palsy of the lower half of the
body on both sides.

7

Parallelogram.

\

\

'

fern, recent, orb, qide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PARAQUET

302

PAROXYSM

Par'a-quet' (par'a-kef), Par'a-qui'to (-ke'to), ft.
See Parrakeet.

HPar'a-se-le'ne (par'a-se-le'ne), n. A mock moon ;
a luminous riug encompassing the moon.

Par'a-Site (par'a-sit), n. A hanger on ; depend-
ent flatterer ; toady ; plant that grows and lives
on another ; animal which lives on the body of
some other animal, as lice, etc. — Par'a-Sit/ic
(-sit'ik), Par'a-sit'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Of the na-
ture of a parasite ; deriving nourishment from
some other living thing.

Par'a-SOl' (paVa-sol^ ft- Lady's sm?ll umbrella,
to defend the face from the sun ; sunshade.

ParHjoil' (par'boil'), v. t. To boil partially.

PartJUCkie (p'ar'bfik'k'l), ft. A purchase formed
of a single rope around a weighty body. — v. t.
To hoist or lower (a spar, cask, etc.) by use of
a parbuckle.

Par'cel (par'sSl or -sel), n. Any mass or quan-
tity ; collection ; bundle ; package ; a packet ;
in law, a part, portion, or piece, — v. t. [Par-
celed (-slid or -seld) or Parcelled ; Parcel-
ing or Parcelling.] To divide and distribute
by portions ; to apportion. — a. & adv. Part or
half ; in part.

Par'ce-ner (par'se-ner), ft. A coheir ; one of two
or more persons, to whom an estate of in-
heritance descends jointly, and as one estate. —
Par'ce-na-ry (-na-ry), n. Joint occupation of
an inheritable estate ; coheirship.

Parch (parch), v. t. & i. [Parched (parcht) ;
Parching.] To burn the surface; to scorch;
to shrivel with heat.

Parch/ment (parch'inent), n. Skin of a calf,
sheep, or goat, prepared for writing on.

Pard (pard), n. The leopard ; any spotted beast.

Par'don (par'd'n), n. Remission of a penalty ;
release of an offense ; forgiveness. — v. t. [Par-
doned (-d'nd) ; Pardoning.] To forgive ; to
remit. — Par/don-er, n. — Par'don-a-ble, a.
Admitting of pardon ; venial ; excusable.

Pare (par), v. t. [Pared (p^rd) ; Paring.] To
cut or shave off (the superficial substance or ex-
tremities of a thing) ; to diminish by little and
little. — Par'er, ft. — Par'ing, ft. Anything
pared off ; a sharing.

Par'e-gor'ic (paVe-gSr'Tk), a. Mitigating ; as-
suaging pain. — ft. Medicine that mitigates
pain ; an anodyne.

Par'ent (pSr'ent), n. A father or mother ; that
which produces ; cause ; source ; origin ; cre-
ator. — Par'ent-age ( -aj ), n. Descent from
parents or ancestors ; extraction ; birth. — Pa-
ren'tal (pa-rgn'tal), a. Pertaining to, or becom-
ing, parents ; affectionate. — Pa-ren'tal-ly, adv.

Pa-ren'the-sis (pa-ren'the-sTs), n. ; pi. Paren-
theses (-sez). A word, phrase, or sentence, in-
serted, by way of explanation, in another sen-
tence ; typographical sign of a parenthesis, thus
( ). — Par'en-thet'ic (par'Sn-thgt'Tk), Paren-
thet'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, or ex-
pressed in, a parenthesis; containing paren-
theses. — Par'en-thet'ic-al-ly, adv.

Par'get (par'jgt), ft. Gypsum ; plaster for lining
chimney fines, covering walls and ceilings, etc.
— v. t. [Pargeted; Pargeting.] To plaster
(walls, etc.).

Par-hel'ion (p'ar-hel'yiin or -he'lT-on), n. ; pi.
Parhelia (-ya or -T-a). Mock sun or meteor,
appearing as a bright light near the sun or op-
posite to it.

Pa'ri-ah (pa'rT-a), n. One of the aboriginal peo-
ple of Southern India, despised by the four
Hindoo castes ; an outcast.

Pa-ri'e-tal (pa-ii'e-tal), a. Pertaining to a wall
or buildings, or to the bones forming the sides
and upper part of the skull.

Par'ing (paVIng), ft. See under Pare, v. t.

Par'isfi (par'Tsh), ft. Precinct or territorial ju-
risdiction of a priest or ecclesiastical society ;
a religious or ecclesiastical society. — a. Of,
relating to, or maintained by, a parish. — Pa-
rish/ion-er (pa-rTsh'Gn-ei), n. One connected
with a parish.

Par'i-syl-lab'ic (par'i-sTl-lab'Tk), Par'i-syl-lab'-
ic-al (-T-kal), a. Having the same number of
syllables.

Par'i-ty (parT-t^), ft. Condition of being equal
or equivalent ; equality ; analogy.

Park (park), ft. A tract of ground kept for pres-
ervation of game, for walking, riding, orna-
ment, recreation, etc. ; place for artillery. — v.
I. To inclose in a park ; to bring together in a
park, or compact body.

Par'lance (p'arlans), ft. Conversation; talk;
phrase ; form of speech.

Par'ley (piir'iy), n. ; pi. Parleys (-ITz). Mutual
discourse or conversation ; conference between
antagonists or enemies. — v. i. [Parleyed
(-lid) ; Parleying.] To confer with another
on points of mutual concern ; to confer with an
enemy.

Par'lia-ment (p'ar'lT-ment), n. Formal confer-
ence on public affairs; legislative assembly of
Great Britain, and in some dependencies of the
British crown, and in other countries. — Par'-
lia-men-ta'ri-an (-men-ta'rT-an), ft. One versed
in parliamentary usages; an adherent of the
parliament in the time of Charles I. — Par'lia-
men/ta-ry (-men'ta-r^), a. Pertaining to, or
enacted or done by, parliament; according to
established usages of legislative bodies.

Par'lor (par'ler), ft. The social gathering room
in a house ; room for receiving visitors, etc.

Pa-ro'Chi-al (pa-ro'kT-al), a. Belonging to a
parish.

Par'o-dy (par'6-dy), ft. / pi. Parodies (-diz). A
writing imitating another by way of burlesque ;
a travesty. — v. t. [Parodied (-did) ; Parody-
ing.] To alter and apply to a purpose different
from that of the original ; to burlesque. — Par'-
O-dist (-dist), ft. One who writes a parody.

Parol' (pa-rol'), Pa-role', ft. Oral declaration ;
word of honor ; plighted faith. — a. Verbal ;
oral ; not written. — v. t. To liberate (prison-
ers) on parole.

HPar'0-no-ma'si-a (paV6-no-ma'zhT-a), ft. A play
upon words ; punning. — Par ' 0 - no - mas ' tic

(-mSs'tTk), Par o-no-mas'tic-al (-tT-k«i), a.
Involving a play upon words.

Par'0-nym (p5r'6-nTm), n. A paronymous word.
— Pa-ron'y-mous (pa-ron'jf-mus), a. Having
the same derivation ; having a similar sound,
but different spelling and meaning, as Iiair and
hare. — Pa-ron'y-my ( -m^ ), n. Quality of
'being paronymous.

Par'0-quet (pXr'6-k6t'), ft. A kind of parrot ; a
parrakeet.

Pa-rot'id (pa-r5t'Td), a. Situated near the ear ;
pertaining to the parotid gland. — n. The sal-
ivary gland situated nearest the ear.

Par'OX-ysm (pXr'oks-Tz'm), ft. A fit of a disease

S, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, u, y, short ; Beuate, gveut, tdea, 6bey, tluite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PAROXYSMAL

303

PASHALIC

that has intermissions ; a sudden fit of pain or

passion ; a convulsion. — Par'OX-ys'mal (-Tz'-

mal), a. Marked by, pertaining to, or caused

by, paroxysms.
Par-rjuet' (par-ka' or -kef), re. The body of seats

on the floor of a theater nearest the orchestra ;

the pit.
Par'quet-ry (par'kgt-ry), re. Joinery, of inlaid

work, used especially for floors.

Parquetry.

Par-quetter (par-kef), re. Same as Parquet.

Par'ra-keet' (paVra-kef), Par'a-keet', re. A
small, long-tailed parrot.

Par'ri-cide (par'rT-sid), re. One who murders
father or mother ; the murder of an ancestor. —
Par'ri-ci'dal (-si'dal), a. Pertaining to or com-
mitting parricide.

Par'rot (paVrut), re. A tropical climbing bird,
having a fleshy tongue, and
short, hooked bill.

Par'ry (par'rj), v. t. & i.
[Parried (-rid) ; Parry-
ing.] To ward off ; to
avoid ; to evade.

Parse ( pars ), v. t. & i.
[Parsed (parst) ; Parsing.]
To analyze and describe
grammatically.

Par'see (par'sl or par-se'),
re. East Indian adherent of
the Zoroastrian or ancient
Persian religion; fire wor-
shiper ; Gueber. — Par'see-
lsm (-Tz'm), re. Religion
and customs of the Parsees.

Par'Si-mo-ny (par'si-nio-ny), re. Closeness in
expenditure ; excessive economy ; covetous-
ness; illiberality. — Par'si-mo'ni-OUS (-mo'nT-
us), a. Avaricious ; niggardly ; penurious ;
miserly. — Par'si-mo/ni-ous-ly, adv. — Par'si-
mo'ni-ous-ness, n.

Pars'ley (pars'ly), re. A plant whose leaves are
used in cookery, and the root as an aperient
medicine.

Pars'nip (pars'nTp), re. A plant poisonous in its
wild state, though the cultivated variety has a
root, of aromatic flavor, much used for food.

Par'SOn (par's'n), re. Priest of a parish ; clergy-
man. — Par'son-age (-aj), re. House and glebe
belonging to a parish, for the use of the minis-
ter of a church.

Part (part), re. Portion ; division ; share ; side ;
duty. — v. t. & i. To divide ; to share ; to sep-
arate ; to quit. — Part'er (part'er), re.

Par-take' (p'ar-tak'), v. i. & t. [imp. Partook
(-to"6k') ; p. p. Partaken (-tak"n) ; p. pr. Par-
taking.] To take a part, portion, or share in
common with others; to participate. — Par-

tak'er, re.

Parrot.

Par-terre' (par-ftr'), re. Ornamental arrange-
ment of beds in a garden.

Far'tial (par'shal), a. Affecting a part only ; not
total or entire ; biased to one party ; not indif-
ferent ; foolishly fond. — Par'ti-al'i-ty (-shT-
al'i-ty or -shal'i-t^), n. Quality of being par-
tial; special fondness. — Par'tial-ly, adv. In
part ; not totally ; with undue bias of mind to
one party or side.

Part'i-ble (part'T-b'l), a. Admitting of division ;
divisible. — ParH-bil'i-ty (-bll'I-ty), n.

Par-tiC'i-pate (par-tis'I-pat), v. i. To have a share
in common with others ; to partake ; to share.

— Par-tic'i-pa'tor (-pa'ter), n. — Par-tic'i-pant
(-pant), a. Sharing; having a part. — n. A
partaker. — Par-tiC^-pa'tion (-pa'shun), n. A
sharing with others ; division into shares.

Par'ti-ci-ple (par'tT-si-p'l), re. A word of the na-
ture of an adjective, derived from a verb, and
partaking of properties of a noun and of a verb.

— Parti-cip'i-al (-sIp'T-al), a. Having the
nature and use of a participle ; formed from a
participle.

Par'ti-Cle ( par'ti-k'l ), re. A minute portion of
matter ; an atom ; a jot ; in grammar, a word
that is never inflected.

Par-tiC'U-lar (p'ar-tik'u-ler), a. Relating to a
part of anything, or to a single person or thing ;
distinguishable from others of its kind ; worthy
of special regard ; exact ; specific ; precise ;
critical, —re. A single point, or circumstance ;
a detail ; a specialty. — Par-tic'U-lar-ly, adv. —
Par-Uc'U-lar'i-ty (-lSr'I-ty), re. Quality of be-
ing particular ; distinctiveness ; minuteness in
detail; peculiarity. — Par-tic'U-lar-ize (-iz),
v. t. & i. To mention in particulars ; to be at-
tentive to particulars.

Part'ing (part'Tng), re. A dividing ; a separation
made by such an act ; a thing divided.

Par'ti-san (par'tT-zan), re. An adherent to a party
or faction; follower; disciple. —a. Adherent
to a party or faction. — Par'ti-san-sMp, re.
State of being a partisan ; adherence to a party.

Par-ti'tion (par-tish'iin), re. A dividing ; a divi-
sion ; separation ; a wall dividing one apartment
from another. — v. t. [Partitioned (-und) ;
Partitioning.] To divide into shares or paz-ts.

Par'ti-tive (par'tT-tTv), a. Dividing; distribu-
tive. — re. A word expressing partition, or de-
noting a part. — Par'ti-tive-ly, adv.

Part'ly (part'ly), adv. In part ; in some degree.

Part'ner (parte'ner), re. A partaker ; associate in
business or occupation ; a husband or wife ;
consort. — Part'ner-ship, re. State of being a
partner ; participation with another ; association
of persons in business ; a firm or house.

Par'tridge (par'trij), re. A game bird of the
grouse or quail kind.

Par'ty (par'ty), re. ; pi. Partd3s (-tiz). Body of
persons, united by some tie ; faction ; social
assembly ; company ; participator in a lawsuit,
as plaintiff or defendant.

Par'ty-col'ored (par'ty-kuPerd), a. Colored,
part by part, with different tints ; variegated.

Par've-nu' (par've-nu'), re. An upstart ; one
newly risen into notice.

Pas'chal (pSs'kal), a. Pertaining to the pass-
over, or to Easter.

Pa-Sha' (pa-sha'), re. A Turkish governor or
commander ; a bashaw. — Pa-sha'liC (-Ilk), re.
Jurisdiction of a pasha.

fSm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PASQUINADE

304

PATHOLOGY

Pas/<JUin-ade/ (paVkwin-ad')» n. A lampoon or
satirical writing. — v. t. To satirize.

Pass (pad), v. i. [Passed (past) ; Passing.] To
go ; to move ; to go beyond ; to circulate ; to be
current. — v. t. To go beyond, over, through,
etc. ; to exceed ; to undergo ; to suffer ; to
spend ; to enact ; to send ; to transmit ; to omit.

— n. Passage ; way ; license to pass ; permit
for entrance ; thrust ; condition ; state of things.

— Pass'er (paa'er), 71. — Pass'a-ble (-a-b'l), a.
Capaole of being passed ; tolerable. — Passa-
bly, adv. — Pas'sage (-saj), n. A passing ;
jouruey ; way ; hall ; incident ; occurrence ; por-
tion of a book, etc. ; enactment ; encounter. —
Pass'illg, n. A going by. — a. Surpassing ;
eminent. — adv. Exceedingly ; excessively.

||Pas's6'(pa'ba'),masc., HPas'see'j/em.jCt. Past;
gone by ; past the prime ; worn ; faded.

Pas'sen-ger (paVsen-jer), n. A passer or passer-
by ; a traveler, esp. by some established convey-
ance.

Pas'si-ble (pas'sT-b'l), n. Susceptible of feeling
or of impressions from external agents. — Pas'-
Si-bil'i-ty (-bTl'i-ty), n.

Pas'sim (paVsTm), adv. Here and there ; every-
where.

Pas'sion (pash'un), n. A suffering or enduring ;
strong feeling ; anger ; wrath ; ardent affec-
tion ; eager desire ; object of love, fondness,
etc. — Pas'Sion-ate (-at), a. Easily moved to
anger or to strong feeling, love, desire, etc. ;
excitable ; angry. — Pas'Sion-ately, adv. —
Pas'sion-ate-ness, n. — Pas'sion-less, a. Void
of passion ; calm. — Passion flower. A climb-
ing plant and its flower, sup-
posed to resemble the cross. —
Passion week. Last week but
one in Lent, or second week be-
fore Easter.

Pas'sive (pas'sTv), a. Not active,
but acted upon ; receiving im-
pressions or influences ; incapa-
ble of excitement or emotion;
inert ; quiescent ; enduring ; sub-
missive ; patient. — Pas'Sive-ly,

adv. — Pas'sive-ness, Pas-si V-

i-ty (-sTv'I-ty) , n. Passion Flower

PassVver (pas' over), w. A Jew-
ish feast to commemorate God's smiting the
firstborn of the Egyptians, but passing over the
houses of the Israelites.

Pass'port (pas'port), n. Permission to travel ; a
safe-conduct ; that which enables one to pass
with safety, certainty, or general acceptance.

Past (past), a. Not present or future ; gone by ;
elapsed ; ended ; accomplished ; spent, —prep.
Further than ; beyond the reach or influence
of ; after. — n. Former time ; state of things
no longer existing.

Paste (past), n. A soft, adhesive composition, as
of Hour with water or milk ; dough ; line glass
imitating gems ; a hard preserve made from
fruits, etc. — v. t. To unite, cement, or fasten
with paste. — Pas'ty (pas'tjr), a. Like paste in
color, softness, stickiness, etc.—??. A meat
pie. — Pasteboard' (-bord')? «• Still, thick
paper board.

Pas'tel (pXs'tgl), n. Colored crayon. [Incor-
rectly written pastil.']

Pas'tern (paVtern), n. Part of the leg of horses
and like animals between fetlock joint and hoof.

Pas-teur'i-za'tion (pas-teVT-za'shun), n. A proc-
ess to prevent fermentation in fluids, by killing
germs by heat. — Pas-teur'ize (pas-terlz), v. t.

Pas'til (pas'til), Pas-tille' (pas-tel'). n. Paste
made of gum and aromatic substances, to be
burned for scenting the air of a room ; a medi-
cated drop or lozenge of sugar confectionery.

Pas'time' (pas'tim'), n. That which serves to
make time pass agreeably ; amusement.

Pas'tor (pas'ter), n. A shepherd ; a minister in
charge of a church and congregation. — Pas'-
tor-al (-«1), a. Pertaining to shepherds, or to
the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church.
— n. A poem describing shepherds' life ; letter
from a minister or a bishop to his people. —
Pas'tor-al-ly, adv. In the manner of a pastor.

— Pas'tor-ate (-at), Pas'tor-ship, n. office,
state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

Pas'try (pas'try), n. Articles of food containing
paste, as pies, tarts, cake, etc. — Pastry cook.
A dealer in articles of food made of paste.

Pas'ture (pas'titr), n. Grass for food of cattle ;
land affording such food. — v. t. & i. To feed
(horses, cattle, etc.) on growing grass; to
graze. — Pas'tur-age (-aj ) , n. Grazing ground ;
grass for feed ; business of grazing cattle.

Pas'ty, a. & n. See under Paste, n.

Pat (p5t), a. Exactly suitable ; fit ; convenient ;
apt. — adv. Precisely at the proper time ; sea-
sonably ; fitly.

Pat (p5t), v. t. [Patted ; Patting.] To strike
gently with the fingers or hand ; to tap ; to
stroke. — n. A light, quick blow or stroke ;
small mass (of butter, etc.).

Patch (pSch), n. Piece of cloth sewed on a gar-
ment to repair it ; anything used to repair a
breach ; a small piece of ground ; a plot. — v. t.
[Patched (pScht) ; Patching.] To mend by
sewing on pieces ; to repair clumsily ; to adorn
(the face) with a patch ; to compose in a hasty
or botching way. — Patch'er (pach'er), n. —
Patch/work7 (-wQrk'), n. Work composed of
pieces of various figures sewed together ; any-
thing patched up or botched.

Pate (pat), n. The head ; top of the head.

||Pa-tel'la (pa-te"l'la), n. ; pi. Patella (-le). The
kneepan ; cap of the knee.

Pat'ent (pSt'ent or pa'tent), a. Open ; evident ;
apparent ; open to public perusal ; — said of a
document conferring some privilege, as, letters
patent ; appropriated by letters patent ; re-
strained from general use. — n. A letter pat-
ent, or writing securing to a person, for a term
of years, the exclusive right to an invention. —
v. t. To secure the exclusive right of to a per-
son. — Pat'ent-ee' (-en-te'), n. One to whom a
grant or privilege is secured by patent.

Pa-ter'nal (pa-ter'n«7l), a. -Derived from, or per-
taining to, a father ; fatherly ; hereditary. —
Pa-ter'ni-ty (-nT-ty), n. Relation of a father to
his offspring ; fathership ; fatherhood ; origina-
tion ; authorship.

Path (path), n. ; pi. Paths (pathz). A way,
course, or track, on which anything moves;
road; route; passage; course of action, con-
duct, or procedure. — Pathless (pAthles), a.
Destitute of paths ; untrodden ; unexplored.

Pa-thet'ic (pa-th6t'Tk), a. Affecting or moving
tlic tender emotions, as pity or grief ; touching.

— Pa-thet'ic-al-ly, adv.

Pa-thol'O-gy (pa-th51'o-jy), n. Science of dis-

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, o, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PATHOLOGIST

305

PEACOCK

eases. — Pa-thol'0-gist (-jYst), n. One who
treats of pathology. — Path/O-log'ic (pSth'S-
loj'ik), Path'o-log'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertainiug
to pathology or to diseases.

Pa'thos (pa'thos), n. That which excites emo-
tions and passions ; pathetic quality.

Path/way' (path'wa'), n. A path ; narrow way
to be passed on foot ; method of action.

Pa'tient (pa'shent), a. Suffering with meekness
and submission ; persevering ; content ; not
hasty, —n. One that receives impressions from
external agents ; a diseased person under med-
ical treituient. — Pa'tient-ly, ao>. — Pa'tience
(-sheas), n. Quality of being patient.

Pa'tois' (pa/twa'), n. An uncultivated idiom ;
provincial speech.

Pa'tri-arch (pa'trT-ark), n. Head of a family or
eaurch. - Pa'tri-ar'chal (-aVkal), Pa'tri-ar'-
chic (-ktk), a. Pertaining to a patriarch. —
Pa tri-ar'chate (-kat), n. Office, jurisdiction,
or residence of a patriarch.

Pa-tri'cian (pa-trish'an), a. Of high birth ; no-
ble. — n. A nobleman.

Pat/ri-Cicle (pat'rT-sid), n. The murder or a mur-
derer of a father.

Pat'rl-mo-ny (p&VrT-mo-ny), n. Estate inherited
from ancestors. — Pat'ri-mo'ni-al (-mo'nT-al),
a. Pertaining to a patrimony. — Pat'ri-mo'ni-
al-ly, adv.

Pa'tri-Ot (pa'trT-St), n. One who loves his coun-
try. — a. Devoted to the welfare of one's coun-
try. — Pa'tri-Ot-ism (-Tz'ni), n. Love of country.
— Pa'tri-ot'iC (-ot'ik), a. Full of patriotism.

Pa-tris'tic (pa-tns'tTk), Pa-tris'tic-al (-tT-k«i),
a. Pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian
church.

Pa-trol' (pa-trol'), v. t. & i [Patrolled (-trold') ;
Patrolling.] To guard a camp, district, etc.,
at night. — ra. A guard or persons who go the
rounis for observation.

Pa'tron (pa'trun), n. One who countenances,
supports, or protects ; advocate ; defender. —
Pat'ron-age (p5t'run-aj), n. Special counte-
nance or support ; guardianship ; the right of
presentation to office. — Pat'ron-al (-al)> a.
Protecting ; favoring. — Pa'tron-ess (-Ss), n.
Female patron. — Pat'ron-ize (-iz), v. t. To act
as patron toward ; to support ; to favor ; to as-
sume airs of condescension toward.

Patro-nym'lQ (paVro-mm'Tk), n. Name derived
from a parent or ancestor. — Pat'ro-nym'ic,
PatTO-nym'ie-al (-T-kal), a. Derived from an-
cestors.

Pat'ten (pXt'ten), n. A clog worn to raise the
feet from the wet.

Pat'ter (paVter), v. i. & t. [Pattered (-terd) ;
Pattering.] To strike, as falling drops of water
or hail ; to spatter ; to mutter ; to mumble ; to
chatter. — n. Quick succession of small sounds ;
glib speech ; cant.

Pat'tem (pXt'tern), n. Original or model for im-
itation ; exemplar ; specimen ; example ; quan-
tity of cloth sufficient for a garment. — v. t. To
copy (after) ; to imitate.

Pat'ty (pSt'ty), n. A little pie.

Pau'cl-ty (pa'sT-ty), n. Fewness; smallness of
number or quantity.

Pau'per (pa/per), n. A poor person ; one de-
pendent on charity for support. — Pau'per-ism
(-Tz'm), n. Poverty; indigence; need. — Pau'-
per-ize (-iz), v.t. To reduce to pauperism.

Pause (paz), n. Temporary stop ; rest ; hesita-
tion ; mark of cessation ; point. — v. i. [Paused
(pazd) ; Pausing.] To intermit , to stop ; to
hesitate ; to demur.

Pave (pav), v. t. [Paved (pavd) ; Paving.] To
lay or cover with stone or brick ; to prepare the
way for. — Pavement (pav'ment), n. Floor or
covering of solid material.

Pa-vil'ion (pa-vil'yuu), n. Temporary movable
habitation ; a tent ; a turret.

Paw (pa), n. Foot of a beast having claws;
hand. — v. i & t. [Pawed (pad) ; Pawing.]
To scrape or handle awkwardly.

Pawl (pal), n. Movable bar, to check backward
motion of a wheel, windlass, etc. ; a catch,
click, detent, or ratchet ; a pall.

Pawn (pan), n. Piece of least value in the game
of chess.

Pawn (pan), n. Goods or money deposited as se-
curity tor payment of money borrowed ; pledge.
— v. t. [Pawned (pand) ; Pawning.] To de-
posit in pledge, or as security lor money bor-
rowed or for fulfillment of a promise. — Pawn'-
bro'ker (-bro'ker), n. One who lends money
on pledge.

Pay (pa), v. t. [Paid (pad) ; Paying.] To cover
(a ship's bottom, spar, etc.) with tar or pitch ;
to smear.

Pay (pa), v. t. To discharge one's obligations to ;
to compensate ; to deliver. — v . i. To recom-
pense ; to make adequate return. — n. Satisfac-
tion ; equivalent for money due, goods purchased,
services rendered ; recompense ; hire. — Pay'-
er (pa'er), n. One who pays; one on whom a
bill of exchange is drawn, and who is to pay
the holder of the bill, or payee. — Pay-ee' (pa-
s'), n. One to whom money is to be paid. —
Pay'a-ble (pa'a-b'l), a. Capable of being paid;
proper to be paid ; due. — Pay'ment (-uient),
n. A paying ; reward ; requital. — Pay day.
Day on which accounts are settled. — Pay of-
fice. Place where payment is made. — Pay
roll. List of persons to be paid, with the
amounts due them. — Paymaster (-masaer),
n. One who pays ; agent charged with paying
salaries or wages, and accounting for them.

Paynira, n. & a. See Painim.

Pea (pe), n. ; pi. Peas or Pease (pez). A legumi-
nous plant and its fruit, cultivated for food.

Peace (pes), n. State of quiet; calm; repose j
harmony ; concord. — Peace'a-ble (pes'a-b'l),
a. Free from war or disturbance ; disposed to
peace ; pacific ; quiet ; serene ; mild ; still. —
Peace'a-ble-ness, ». — Peace'a-bly, ndv. —
Peaceful (-ful), a. Calm ; quiet ; undisturbed.

— Peace'f ul-ly, adv. — Peace'ful-ness, n. —
Peace'mak'er (-mak'er),
n. One who reconciles
persons at variance. —
Peace officer. A civil of-
ficer required to preserve
the public peace.

Peach (pech), n. A tree and
its edible stone fruit.

Peach (pech), v. t. To im-
peach ; to accuse of crime.

— v. i. To turn informer ;
to betray one's accom-
plice. [Colloq.~]

Pea'cock' (Pe'k5k'), n.
Male of the peafowl.— ^eacocR.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PEAHEN

306

PEEN

Pea'hen' (pe'hgn'), n. Hen or female of the
peaiowl. — Pea'chick' (-chTk'), n. Young of
the peafowl. — Pea'fowP (-foul'), n. An Asi-
atic pheasant of brilliant plumage ; peacock or
peahen.

Pea'-jack'et (pe'jSk'gt), n. Thick woolen jacket
worn by seamen, etc.

Peak (pek), n. Point ; end of anything that ter-
minates in a point ; sharp top of a mountain ;
upper, outer corner of a sail, or extremity of the
yard or gaff which extends the sail.

Peal (pel), n. Loud sound, or succession of
sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, etc. ; a set
of bells tuned to each other ; changes rung
upon a set of bells. — v. i. [Pealed (peld) ;
Pealing.] To utter loud and solemn sounds.

Pe'an (pe'an), n. Song of praise and triumph.

Pea'Jdllt (pe'nut), n. The fruit of an American
leguminous plant ; groundnut ; goober.

Pear (pa"r), n. The fruit of a tree of many varie-
ties, growing in temperate climates.

Pearl (perl), n. A white, hard, lustrous sub-
stance, found in shells of the pearl oyster ; a size
of printing type between agate and diamond.

fS3f This line is printed in pearl type.
Pearl'asli' (perl'gsh'), n. Refined potash, used
in making soap, glass, etc. — Pearl'y (-$), a.
Containing or resembling pearls ; clear ; pure ;
transparent.

Fear'main (paY'man), n. A variety of apple.

Peasant (pgz'ant), n. One whose business is ru-
ral labor; rustic ; swain ; hind. — Peas'ant-ry
(-ry), n. The lowest class of tillers of the soil.

Pease (pez), n. pi. Peas collectively.

Peat (pet), n. Decomposed vegetable matter,
often dried and used for fuel. — Peat moss A
fen producing peat. — Peat'y (pet'y), a. Com-
posed of peat ; resembling peat.

Peb/ble (peVb'l), n. A small, roundish stone;
transparent and colorless rock crystal. — PeblDly
(-bly), a. Full of pebbles.

Pe-can' (pe-kan'), n. A species of hickory, and
its edible nut.

Pec'ca-ble (pgk%a-b'l), a. Liable to sin. — Pec'-
ca-bil'i-ty (-Mll-ty), n. — Pec'cant (-kant), a.
Sinning; faulty. — Pec'cail-cy (pek'kan-f^), n.
Offense. — Pec'ca-dil'lo (-ka-d ll'lo ), n. A slight
trespass or offense ; a petty crime or fault.

Pec'ca-ry (pgk'ka-r^), n. Pig-like animal, found
from Arkansas to Brazil.

Peck (pSk), n. The fourth
part of a bushel ; dry meas-
ure of eight quarts.

Peck (pgk), r. t. & i. [Pecked
(pgkt); Pecking.] To
strike with the beak or
with anything pointed, or
with .smill and repented

blows. — Peck'er (pek'Sr),

n.

Pec'ti-nal ( pek ' tT - nal ), a.
Pertaining to, or resem-
bling, a comb. — n. A fish whose bones resemble
the teeth of a comb.

Pec'to-ral ( pgk'to-ml ), a. Pertaining to the
breast or to diseases of the chest. — n. A breast-
plate ; a fish's pectoral fin ; medicine for com-
plaints of brenst and lungs.

Pec'u-late (pgk'u-lat), V. ?'. To steal public mon-
eys ; to embezzle. — Pec'U-la'tor (-la'ter), n. —
Pec'U-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. A peculating.

Pe-CUl'iar (pe-kul'yer), a. Belonging solely or
especially to an individual ; not general ; ap-
propriate; particular; special; especial. — Pe-
cul'iar-ly, adv. — Pe-cul'iar-ize (-iz), v. t. To
appropriate ; to make peculiar. — Pe-CUl-iar'i-ty
(-,y£r'i-ty), n. Appropriateness; specialty; in-
dividuality ; particularity.

Pe-cun'ia-ry (pe-kuu'ya-r^), a. Relating to, or
consisting of, money.

Ped'a-gOgue (pgd'a-gog), n. A teacher of chil-
dren ; t>choolmaster ; pedant. — Ped'a-gOg'iC
(-goj'Ik), Ped a-gog'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Suiting
or belonging to a pedagogue.

Pe'dal (peMal or pgd'al), a. Of or pertaining to
a loot. — Fed'al (ped'ol), n. A lever-, acted on
by the foot, as in the pianoiorte to raise a dam-
per, or in the organ to open and close certain
pipes.

Ped'ant (pgd'ant), n. One who makes a display
of learning ; pretender to knowledge. — Ped'-
ant-ry (-ry), n. Vain ostentation of knowledge.

— Pe-dan'tic (pe-dan'ttk), Pe-dan'tic-al (-t3-

k«l), a. Ostentatious of learning.

Ped'dle (pgd'd'l), v. i. [Peddled (-d'ld) ; Ped-
dling.] To go from place to place and retail
goods ; to be busy about trifles. — v. t. To re-
tail ; to hawk. — Ped'dler (-dler), n.

Ped'es-tal (ped'gs-tal), n. Base or foot of a col-
umn, statue, lamp, or the
like.

Pe-des'tri-an (pe-dgs'trT-
an), a. Going or per-
formed on foot. — ». One
who journeys on foot. —
Pe-des'tri-an-ism (-an-
Tz'm), n. Act or prac-
tice of a pedestrian; walk- ,
ing.

Ped'i-cel (pgd'Y sel), n.
Stalk supporting one flow-
er only, when there are
several on a peduncle.

Ped'i-gree (pid'T-gre), n.
descent ; lineage ; genealogy.

Ped'i-ment (pgd'i-ment), n. Triangular or arched
lacing of a portico, or decoration over doors,
windows, gates, etc.

Ped'lar, Pefi'ler, n. See Peddlee.

Pe'do-bap'tism (pe'do-bap'tTz'm ), n.
Baptism of infants. — Fe/do-bap'tist
(-tfst), n. One who holds to infant
baptism.

Pe-doin/a-ter (pe-dSm'e-ter), n. Instru-
ment indicating the number of steps
taken in walking, and ascertaining the
distance passed over.

Pe-dun'Cle (pe-dun/k'l), n. A stem sup-
porting the flower and fruit of a plant.

— Fe-dun'CU-lar (-ku-ler), a. Per-
taining to, or growing from, a pedun-
cle. Peduncle.

Peek (pek), v. i. To peep ; to look slyly.

Peel (pel), v. t. [Peeled (peld); Peeling.] To
strip oft the skin, bark, or rind of ; to flay ; to
pillage. — v. i. To come off, as skin, bark, or
rind. — n. Skin ; rind. — Peel'er (pel'er), n.

Peel (pel), n. A spade ; the blade of an oar.

Peen (pen), n. A heavy hammer for shaping
metal ; the sharp end of a mason's hammer. —
v. t. To shape with blows of a hammer or sledge.
[Written also /xnic, pein, pien.~\

Pedestal.
Line of ancestors;

li, e, i, o, u, long , &, £, i, 5, u, y , short ; ucuuto, event, tdea, obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

PEEP

307

PENNATED

Peep (pep), v. i. [Peeped (pept) ; Peeping.] To
cry, as a chick ; to chirp ; to begin to appear ;
to look out slyly. — n. Cry of a chick ; chirp ;
first outlook ; sly look. — Peep'er ( pep ' er ), n.
Chick just breaking the shell ; young bird ; one
who looks out slyly ; the eye.

Peer (per), v. i. [Peered (perd) ; Peering.] To
look intently or curiously ; to peep ; to pry.

Peer (per), n. One of equal rank, quality, char-
acter, etc. ; a match ; mate ; associate ; noble-
man (in England, a dike, marquis, earl, vis-
count, or baron). — Peer'age (per'aj), n. Rank
or dignity of a peer ; body of peers. — Peer'ess
(-53), n. Consort of a peer ; noble lady. —
Peer'less (-lea), a. Hiving no peer or equal ;
m itchless ; superlative. — Peer'less-ly, adv.

Pee'vlsh (pe'vtsh), a. Habitually frettul ; easily
vexed ; querulous ; cross ; testy ; captious.
— Pee'vish-ly, ado. — Pee'vish-ness, n

Peg(pSg), n. Wooden nail or pin. — v. t. [Pegged
(p8?d) ; Pegging.] To fasten with pegs ; to
confine ; to mark (points in a game) with pegs ;
to throw (stones).

Pell (pelf), n. Money ; riches ; lucre.

Pel'i-can (pSlT-kan), n. Large web-footed water-
fowl, beneath whose enormous bill is a pouch,
for temporarily holding the fish it catches.

Pelican.

Pe-Usse' (p«-les'), n. A fur or silk outer robe.
Pell (pSl), n Skin ; hide ; roll of parchment.
Pel'let (pfel'lSt), n. A little ball.
Pel'ii-Cle ( pgpii-k'l ), n. A thin skin, film, or

crust.
Pell'-mell' (peVjneY), adv. In utter confusion.
Pel-ltt'cid (pgl-lu'^id), a. Admitting passage of

light ; translucent ; clear. — Pelln-Cid'i-ty

(pel'lu-sTd'i-ty), Pel-lu'cid-ness, n.
Pelt (pelt), n. Skin of a beast with the hair on ;

undressed hide. — Pelt/ry (pelt'ry), n. Furs.
Pelt (pelt), v. t. To strike with pellets ; to throw.

— n. A blow from something thrown.
Pel'VlS (pSl'vis), n. The open, bony structure at

the lower extremity of the body, to which the

lower limbs are jointed. — Pcl'Vlc (-vlk), a.

Pertaining to the pelvis.
Pem'mi-can (pem'mT-kan), n. Meat cut in thin

slices, dried, and compressed.
Pen (pen), n. An instrument for writing. — v. t.

[Penned (pend) ; Penning.] To write ; to com-
mit to paper.
Pen (pen), v. t. [Penned (pend) or Pent (pent) ;

Penning.] To confine in a narrow place ; to

coop or shut up. — n. A narrow inclosure.
Pe'nal (pe'n^l), a. Pertaining to punishment. —

Pen'al-ty (pSn'tfl-ty), n. Penal retribution ;

punishment ; fine.

Pen'ance (pSn'ans), n. Suffering imposed or sub-
mitted to as punishment for faults, or expression
of penitence.

Pence (pens), n., pi. of Penny.

I Pen' chant' (paN'thaN'), n. Inclination ; decided
taste ; bias : bent.

Pen'cil (pen'&Tl), n. Small brush used by paint-
ers; cylinder oi black lead, colored chalk, etc., for
writing and drawing ; aggregate or collection of
rays of light. — ?■. t. [Penciled (-slid) or Pen-
cilled; Penciling or Pencilling.] To paint;
to draw ; to mark with a pencil.

Pend (pend), v. i. To hang ; to be undecided or in
process of adjustment. — Pend' ent (rend'ent),
a. Suspended ; depending ; hanginy ; project-
ing; overhanging. — Pend' en-cy (en-.y). n.
Suspense. — Pend'lng, p. a. Remaining unde-
cided; in suspense, —prep. During the pend-
ency or continuance of ; during. — Pen'dn-lous
(per/uu-lu*), a. Supported from above ; hang-
ing ; swinging. — Pen'dn-lous-ness, n.

Pend'ant (pSnd'ant), n. A hanging appendage or
ornament ; a pennant.

Pen'dn-lnm (pen'du-lum), n. A body so suspended
as to swing freely to and fro.

Pen'e-trate (pen'e-trat), v. t. To enter into ; to
pierce ; to make sensible ; to affect ; to compre-
hend. — '■. i. To pass ; to make way. — Pen'e-
tra'tlon (-tra'shiiu), n. A penetrating; acute-
ness ; sharp discernment ; sagacity ; sharpness.
— Pen'e-txa-ble (pen'e-tra-b'J), a. Capable of
being penetrated ; susceptible of moral impres-
sion -Pen'e-tra-bil'i-ty (-bli'T-ty), n. - Pen'-
e-tra-tlve (-tra-tiv), a. Piercing.

Pen'?nln ( pen'gwm ), A web-footed marine
bird of the south
temperate and
frigid regions.

Pen- in' sn- la (pen-
In'sii-la), n. Land
nearly surround-
ed by water. —

Pen - in ' sn - lar

(-ler), a. In the
form of, or per-
taining to, a pen-
insula.

Pen'i-tent (pen'T-
tent), a. Repent-
ant; contrite;
affected by sense
of guilt and sorrow for sin. — n. One who re-
pents of sin ; one under church censure or
under the direction of a confessor. — Pen'i-
tent-ly, adv. — Pen'i-tence (-tens), n. Repent-
ance ; contrition ; compunction ; remorse. —
Pen'i-ten'tial (-tSn'^hal), a. Pertaining to, pro-
ceeding from, or expressing, penitence. — Fen'-
i-tentia-ry (-sha-r^), a. Relating to penance ;
used for penal purposes, or for reformation. —
n. A house of correction ; a prison.

Pen'knife' (pen'nlf), n. ; pi. Penknives (-nlvz').
A small knife for making pens ; a pocket knife.

Pen'man (pSn'mon), n. One who uses the pen
or writes a good hand ; an author ; composer. —
Pen'man-Ship, n. Use of the pen ; art of writ-
ing ; manner of writing ; chirography.

Pen'nant (pSn'nnnt), n. A small flag; pendant;
pennon ; streamer.

Pen'nate (pgn'nat), Pen'na-ted ( pen'na-tgd ), a.
Winged ; plume-shaped.

Penguins.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PENNILESS

308

PERCH

Pen'nl-less (pen'nT-lgs), a. See under Penny, a
coin.

Pen'non (pen'nun), n. Pennant ; wing ; pinion.

Pen/ny (pgn'njr), a. Denoting pound weight
for one thousand ; — used of nails. — Penny-
weight7 (-wat/), n. Troy weight of 24 grains,
or l-20th of an ounce.

Pen/ny (pgn'ny), n. / pi. Pennies (-niz) or Pence
(pgns). A small coin ; in England, the twelfth
of a shilling, worth 4 farthings, or 2 cents. —
Pen'ni-less (-1§3), a. Without a penny ; des-
titute. — Penny Wise. Wise in petty things ;
saving small sums, at the risk of losing greater.

— Pen'ny-worth' (pgn'njr-wfirth' ; colloq. pen'-
nuith), n. As much as a penny will buy ; trifle ;
full value for one's money ; a good bargain.

Pen'ny-roy'al (pgn'nT-roi'al), n. An aromatic
herb.

Pen'sile (pgn'sil), a. Hanging ; pendulous.

Pen'sion (pgn'shun), n. Allowance to a person
in consideration of past services ; yearly sti-
pend paid by government to retired public offi-
cers, disabled soldiers, etc. —v. t. [Pensioned
(-shQnd) ; Pensioning.] To grant a pension to.

— Pen'sion-er, n. — Pen'sion-a-ry (-a-rj), a.
Maintained by, receiving, or consisting of, a
pension. — n. One who receives a pension for
past services ; municipal magistrate in Holland
and Zealand.

Pen'sive (pgn'sTv), a. Thoughtful ; sober ; sad.
Pent (pSnt), p. p. or a. Shut up ; confined.
Pen'ta-gon (pgn'ta-gou), n. Geometrical plane

figure having five angles and five

sides. — Pen-tag'o-nal ( pen-tag'o-

nal), a. Having five angles.
Pen'ta-graph (pgn'ta-gr5f), n. Same

as Pantograph.
Pen'ta-he'dral (pgn'ta-he'dml), a. Pentagon.

Having five equal sides. — Pen'ta-

he'dron (-dr5n), n. A solid figure having five

equal sides.
Pen-tam'e-ter (pgn-tam'e-ter), n. A poetic verse

of five feet.
Pen'ta-Style (pgn'ta-stTl), a. Having five columns

in front, —n. A portico with five columns.
Pen'ta-teuch (pgn'ta-tuk), n. The first five books

of the Old Testament.
Pen'te-COSt (pgn'te-k5st), n. A Jewish festival 50

days after the Passover ; the Christian festival

of Whitsuntide.
Pent'house7 ( pSntTious' ), n. A shed standing

aslope from the main wall or building ; a lean-
to. — Pent'roof (-roof), n. A roof with a slope

on one side only.
Pe'nnlt (pe'nHlt or pe-nHit'), Pe-nnl'ti-ma (-niil'-

tl-ma), n. The last syllable but one of a word.

— Pe-nul'ti-mate (-mat), a. Last but one.
Pe-nnmrbra (pe-nlim'bra), n. The shadow cast

in an eclipse,

where the lipht "X ^<^-~— _^___^ B

is partly cut off 3
by the inter-
vening body.
Pen'u-ry (pgn'fi-
ry), n. Ab-
sence of means
or resources ;

want ; indigence ; poverty. — Pe-nu'ri-OUS (pe-
nu'rT-Qs), a. Showing penury ; parsimonious
to a fault ; avaricious ; miserly ; sordid. — Pe-
nu'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Pe-nu'ri-ous-ness, ft.

Penumbra.

S Sun ; M Moon ; VBH CD!
Penumbra.

Pe'on (pe'Sn), n. In India, a policeman, office
attendant, or messenger ; in Mexico, a debtor
held in servitude ; a serf. — Pe'on-age (-aj), n.
Condition of a peon.

Pe'0-ny (pe'6-mf), n. A perennial plant having
showy flowers.

Peo'ple (pe'p'l), n. Body of persons composing
a community ; a tribe, nation, or race ; persons
generally ; populace ; the vulgar. — v. t. [Peo-
pled (-p'ld) ; Peopling.] To stock with inhab-
itants ; to populate.

Pep'per (pgp'per), n. A climbing plant and its
fruit, of a strong,
aromatic smell,
and very pun-
gent taste. — v. t.
[Peppered; Pep-
pering.] To
sprinkle with
pepper; to pelt
with shot. —
Pep'per-y (-y), a.
Like pepper;
pungent ; hot;
irritable. —

»« «.ckpeppe,

sprinkling ground pepper on food. — Pepper
corn. Berry of the pepper plant ; thing of in-
significant value. — Fep'per-grass', n. A kind
of cress, sometimes cultivated for the table. —
Pep'per-mint', n. An aromatic and pungent
plant ; a liquor distilled from it ; a confection
flavored with it.

Pep'sin (pgp'sin), n. A ferment contained in the
secretory glands of the stomach, and present in
the gastric juice. —Pep'tic (-tik), a. Relating
to, or promoting, digestion.

Per'ad-ven'ture (pgr'Sd-vgn'tur), adv. By
chance ; perhaps ; it may be.

Per-amlm-late (per-Sm'bu-lat), v. t. To walk
through or over ; to go round or about. — Per-
am'bu-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A perambulating.
— Per-amlm-la'tor (-la'ter), n. One who per-
ambulates ; a rolling chair ; a surveyor's wheel,
with dial showing the distance traversed.

UPer'cale' (F. par'kal'; E. per-kal'), n. Fine
cotton fabric, with linen finish.

Per-ceive' (per-sev'), v. t. [Perceived (-sevd') ;
Perceiving.] To know through the senses ; to
discern ; to observe ; to see ; to feel ; to under-
stand. — Per-ceiv'er, ft. — Per-ceiv'a-ble
(-a-b'l), a. Capable of being perceived. — Per-
ceiv'a-bly, adv.

Per-cent/age (per-sgnt'aj), n. Rate of per cent ;
allowance, duty, or commission on a hundred.

Per-cep'tion (per-sgp'shun), n. A perceiving;
discernment; faculty of perceiving; act of ap-
prehending; sensation; observation. — Per-

cep'ti-bly, adv. — Per-cep'tive (-tTv), a. Able
to perceive ; used in perception. — Per-cep'ti-
ble (tl-b'l), (7. Capable of being perceived ;
discernible ; perceivable. — Per-cep'ti-bil'i-ty
(-bTl'i-tJ), n.
Perch (perch),
ft. A food
fish inhabit-
ing both fresh
and salt wa-
ter, and hav-
ing sharp fins.

Perch.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, ix, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, ftbey, Unite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

PERCH

309

PERIOD

Percussion Lock.

Perch (perch), n. A pole ; rod ; measure of length
containing 5£ yards ; pole tor fowls to rest
upon ; roost. — v. i. [Perched (percht) ; Perch-
ing.] To light or settle on a fixed body, as a
bird. — v. t. To place on a fixed object or
perch. — Perch'er, n.

Per-chance' (per-chans'), adv. By chance ; per-
haps ; peradventure.

Per'che-ron (per'she-ron), n. A draft horse of
Norman breed.

Per-cip'i-ent (per-sip'T-ent), a. Having the fac-
ulty of perception ; perceiving. — Per-cip'i-
ence (-ens), ».

Per'CO-late (per'ko-lat), v. t. & i. To strain or
pass through small interstices ; to filter. — Per'-
co-la'tor, n. — Per'co-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A
percolating ; a straining.

Per-CUS'Sion (per-kush'un), n. A striking one
body against another; collision, esp. such as
gives a sound ; vibratory shock. — Percussion
Cap. Small copper cap, containing fulminating
powder, and used to explode gunpowder. —
Percussion lock. Lock of a gun in which gun-
powder id exploded
by percussion of
fulminating pow-
der.

Per-di'tion (per-
dTsh'un), n. En-
tire loss ; utter de-
struction ; ruin;
eternal death.

Per-QU' (per-du' or per'du), Per'due, a. Lost to
view; in concealment, — adv. Secretly.

Per'e-gri-nate (peVe-grT-nat), v. i. To travel
from place to place ; to live in a foreign country.
— Per'e-gri-na'tor (-na'ter), n. — Per'e-gfi-
na'tion (-ua'shiin), n. A traveling or residence
abroad.

Per'emp-tO-ry (per'Smp-to-r^), a. Precluding de-
bate or expostulation ; decisive ; express ; arbi-
trary ; dogmatical. — Per'emp-to-ri-ly, adv.

Per-en'ni-al (per-gn'nT-al), «. Lasting through
the year ; continuing without intermission ; un-
ceasing ; never-failing ; enduring ; permanent ;
continual. — »». A plant living more than two
years. — Per-en'ni-al-ly, adv.

Per'fect (per'fgkt), a. Carried through; com-
pleted ; not defective ; faultless ; blameless ;
unblemished. — n. Perfect tense of a verb, or
tense expressing completed action ; preterit. —
Per'fect-ly, adv. — Per'fect-ness, n. —Per'fect
(per'le"kt or per-f Skt'), v. t. To finish ; to com-
plete. — Per'fect-er, n. — Per-f ect'1-ble (-fek'-
tT-b'l), a. Capable of becoming or of being
made perfect. — Per-fect'i bll'i-ty (-bll'T-ty),
n. — Per-fec'tion (-fek'shun), n. State of being
perfect or complete ; quality or acquirement of
great worth. —Per-f ec'tion-ist, n. One who
believes that moral perfection may be attained
in the present life. — Per-f ect'ive (-fSk'tlv),
a. Calculated or tending to perfect.

Per'fi-dy ( per'fT-d^ ), n. A violating faith, a
promise, vow, or allegiance ; faithlessness ;
treachery. — Per-fid'i-OUS ( per-fld'T-us ), a
Guilty of, or involving, perfidy ; false ; faith-
less ; disloyal ; traitorous. — Per-fid'l-OUS-ly,
adv. — Per-fid'i-ous-ness, n.

Per'fo-Bate (per'fo-rat), v . t. To bore through ;
to pierce ; to penetrate. — Per'fo-ra'tor (-ra'-
ter), n. — Perfo-ra'tion (-ra'shun), n. A per-

forating ; hole through or into the interior of
anything. — Per'fO-ra-tive (per'fo-ra-tiv), a.
Having power to perforate.

Per-force' (per-fors'), adv. By force; violently;
of necessity; absolutely.

Per-form' (per-l6rni'), v. t. [Performed (-fQrmd');
Performing.] To carry through ; to execute ;
to accomplish ; to do ; to act ; to transact ; to
achieve ; to complete. — v. i. To acquit one's
self ; to go through with a part, as in a drama
or other exhibition of skill or capacity. — Per-
form'er, n. — Per-form'a ble (-a-b'i), a. Ad-
mitting of being performed ; practicable. — Per-
form'ance (-«ns), n. A performing, or condition
of being performed ; thing performed ; exhibi-
tion ; execution ; work ; act ; exploit ; feat.

Per'fume (per'fum or per-f um'), n. Scent or
odor ; substance that emits an agreeable scent.
— _Per-fume/ (per-fum' ), v. t. [Perfumed
(-funid') ; Perfuming.] To fill with grateful
odor ; to scent. — Per-fum'er, n. — Per-fum'-
er-y (-er-y), n. Perfumes in general.

Per-ftmc'to-ry (per-f Qnk't6-ry), a. Done without
interest and merely, to get rid of a duty ; indif-
ferent ; negligent. — Per-func'tO-ri-ly, adv.

Per-haps' (per-hSps'), adv. By chance ; perad-
venture ; possibly.

Pe'ri (pe'rT), n. ; pi. Peris (-rlz). An elf or fairy,,
in Persian mythology.

Per'1-anth (peVI-Snth), n. Leaves of a flower
generally, esp. when the calyx and corolla are
not readily distinguished.

llPer'i-car'di-um (per'T-kar'dT-um), n. Double
baglike fold or membrane inclosing the heart. —
Per'i-car'di-ac (-dT-ak), Per'i-car'di-al, Per't-
car'di-an, Peri-car'dic (-dlk), a. Relating to
the pericardium. — HPer'i-Car-di'tis (-di'tTs),
n. Inflammation of the pericardium.

Per'i-carp (per'T-karp), n. The ripened ovary of
a plant ; the germ of a fruit.

6

Pericarps.
ab Drupe of Peach ; e <l Capsule of Poppy ; e Capsule
of Aristolochia.

HPer'i-cra'ni-um ( per'T-kra'nT-um ), n. Mem-
brane immediately investing the skull.

Per'i-gee (peVT-je), n. Point in the moon's or-
bit nearest to the earth.

Per'i-hel'ion (peVT-hel'yun or -he'lT-un), Per'i-
he'li-um (-lT-um), n. Point in a planet's orbit
nearest to the sun.

Per'il (pgr'Tl), n. Instant or impending danger ;
exposure to injury or destruction ; hazard ;
risk. — v. t. [Periled (-Yld) or Perilled; Per-
iling or Perilling.] To expose to danger; to
risk ; to jeopard. — Per'il-OUS (-us), a. Full of,
attended with, or involving, peril ; hazardous.
— Per'il-ous-ly, adv. — Per'il-ous-ness, n.

Per-lm'e-ter (pgr-Tin'e-ter), n. Outer boundary
of a body or figure.

Pe'ri-0d (pe'rT-ud),n. A circuit ; limited period of
time ; cycle ; series of years, months, or days ; in
grammar, a complete sentence, from one full stop
to another ; a clause ; a typographical point [.]

fgrn, recent, drb, rjjde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

PERIODIC

310

PERSONAGE

marking the end of a complete sentence. — Pe'-
ri-od'ic (pe'ri-od'lk), Pe'ri-od'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Performed in a circuit or series of successive
circuits ; returning regularly, after a certain
period of time ; constituting a grammatical pe-
riod. — Pe'ri-Od'iC-al, n. A publication appear-
ing it stated intervals. — Pe'ri-od'ic-al-ly, adv.
At stated periods. — PeTi-O-dic'i-ty (-o-dls'i-
tj), n. State of having regular periods in
changes or conditions.

llPer'i-OS'te-um (per'i-oVte-um), n. A fibrous
membrane investing the bones.

Peri-pa-tet'ic ( per ' T - pa - tet' Tk ), a. Walking
about ; pertaining to the philosophy of Aris-
totle, who gave instruction while walking in
the Lyceum at Athens. — n. Adherent of Aris-
totle'3 philosophy ; a pedestrian.

Pe-riph.'er-y (pe-rTi'er-y), n. Circumference of
a ircle or other curvilinear figure.

Per/i-phrase (perT-fraz), n. Use of more words
than are necessary to express the idea ; circum-
locution. — v. t. To express by circumlocution.

— ||Pe-ripll'ra-sis ( pe - rif ' ra - sis ), n. Peri-
phrase. — Perl-phras'tic (peVT-fraVtTk), Per'-
1-pb.ras'tlc-al (-ti-kirl), a. Expressing or ex-
pressed in many words ; circumlocutory.

Per'lsh (peVTsh), v. i. [Perished (-Tsht) ; Per-
ishing.] To be destroyed ; to come to nothing ;
to be ruined or lost ; to die ; to decay gradu-
ally. — Per'isll-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Liable to per-
ish ; subject to decay. — Per'ish-a-bly, adv. —
Per'ish-a-ble-ness, n. [seed.i

Per'l-3perm (pev'T-sperm), n. The albumen of a|

Per'i-Stal'tiC (per'T-stSl'tik), a. Contracting in
successive circles.

Per'i-style (peVI-stil), n. A range of columns
round a square ; a building encompassed with a
row of columns.

Per'1-to-ne'um (peVT-to-ne'um), n. The mem-
brane lining the abdomen, and enveloping the
abdominal viscera. — Per'i-to-ni'tis (-ni'tis),
n. Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Per'i-wig (per'T-wTg), n. A small wig ; a peruke ;
a scratch. — v. f. To dress with false hair.

Per'i-wln'kle (.peVI-wTn'k'l), n. A small marine
shrilfii h.

Per'I-win'kle (peVT-win/k'l), n
A trailing, evergreen, flowering I
l)''rv>.

Per'jure (per'jur), v. t. [Per-
jured (-jurd) ; Perjuring.] To
cause to swear to wh>it one knows to be un-
true; to forswear. — Per'Jur-er (per'jur-er), n.

— Per'ju-ry (-jft-ry), ».; pi. Perjuries (-riz).
F >!-<• swearing ; crime of making a false oath.

Perk (pSrk), a. Pert ; appish; smart; vain. —
r. /. To display j nmtily or saucily.

Per'ma-nent (pSr'ma-ncnt), a. Continuing with-
out change; lasting; durable. — Per'ma-nent-
ly. adv. — Per'ma-nence (-nenB), Per'ma-nen-
cy (-nm-«y), v.

Per'me-ate (per'mf-at), v. /. To pass through
the pores of fluids. — Per'me-a-ble (-a-b'l), a,

Pcu-trable. — Perme-a-hill-ty (-bTl'T-ty), v.

— Per'me-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A passing
tlironpli interstices.

Permit' (per-mTf), v. t. & >. [Permitted ; Per-
mitting.] To grant permission; to give leave;
to license; to sanction. — Per-mit'ter, n. —
Per'mit (peVmYt or per-mYf), n. Warrant;
written permission. — Per-mit'tance

ad Perpendicu-
lar ; be Hori-
zontal.

Periwinkle.

lea

(-mTt'tffns), n. A permitting. — Per-mis'si-ble
(-nns/sT-b'l), a. Proper to be permitted ; al-
lowable. — Per-miS'Sion (-inlah'un), n. A per-
mitting ; formal consent ; liberty ; license. —
Per-mls'sive (-slv), a. Granting liberty ; suf-
fered without hindrance. — Per-rnis'sive-ly,
tide.
Per'nm-ta'tion (peVmu-ta'shun), n. Arrange-
ment of a number of things in all possible or-
ders.
Per-ni/ci0US (per-nTsh'iis), er. Destructive ; nox-
ious; injurious; mischievous. — Per-ni/ciOUS-ly,
adv. — Per-ni/cious-ness, n.
Per'O-ra'tion (per'6-ra'shun), n. The concluding

part of an oration.
Per'pen-dic'u-lar (rer'pen-dTk'u-ler), a. Exact-
ly upright ; at right angles to a
given line or surface. — n. A
line at right angles to the plane
of the horizon, or falling at right
angles on another line or sur-
face. — Per pen - dic'u - lar - ly,
adv. — Per'pen-dic/u-lar'i-ty
(-lar'T-ty), n.
Per'pe-trate (per'pe-trate), v. t.
To execute ; to commit ; to be
guilty of. — Per'pe-tra'tor (-tra'ter), n. — Per'-
pe-tra'tion (-tra'shttn), n. A perpetrating or
committing a crime ; evil action.
Per-pet/U-al (per-pet'u-al), a. Continuing infi-
nitely ; never-ceasing ; endless ; continual ;
continuous ; incessant ; unceasing. — Per-pet'U-
al-ly, adv. — Per-pef U-ate (-at), r. t. To make
perpetual ; to eternize. — Per-pet'U-a'tion (-n-
a'shun), n. A perpetuating. — Fer'pe-tu'i-ty
(per'pe-tu'i-ty), n. Endless duration ; a thing
without end.
Per-plex' (per-pleks'), v. t. [Perplexed (-plSksf) ;
Perplexing.] To make intricate, complicated,
or difficult to be understood ; to tease with sus-
pense, anxiety, or ambiguity ; to embarrass ; to
puzzle ; to bewilder ; to confuse ; to vex. —
Per-plex'ed-ly (-5d-l^), adv. In a perplexed
manner. —Per-plex'i-ty (-T-tjr), n.
Per'qui-Site (per'kwl-zlt), n. Allowance in money
or things beyond the wages for services ren-
dered.
Perrry (pSr'ry), n. Cider made from pears.
Per'se-CUte (per'se-kut), v. t. To pursue in a
manner to injure or afflict ; to harass. — Per'se-
cu/tor (-ku'ter), n. — Per se-cu'tion (-ku'shttn),
n. A persecuting.
Per'se-verer (per'se-ver'), v. i. [Persevered
(-verd') ; Persevering.] To persist in any busi-
ness or enterprise ; to continue. — Per'se-ver'-
ing-ly, adv. — Per'se-ver'ance (-ver'ans), n.
A persisting in anything undertaken ; steadfast-
ness; constancy; steadiness.
Per-sim'mon (per-sYm'mfin), n. Tree found from
New York southward ; also its fruit, which,
when ripe, is like a plum and luscious, but is
harsh and astringent until exposed to frost.
Per-sist' (per-slsf), v. i. To continue fixed in a
course of conduct ; to persevere. — Per-sist/ent
(-ent), a. Inclined to persist or hold firm ; te-
nacious ; fixed ; immovable. — Per-Sist'ence
(-ms), Per-sist/en-cy (-fn-sj>), n.
Per'SOn(peVs'n), n. Outward appearance : form;
a human being ; an individual ; (me. — Per'son-
a-ble (-4-d1),«t, Having a well-f ormed body;
graiehd. — Per'son-age (-ij), n. Character

&, e, 1, u, u, long ; ft, u, i, 5, »1, y, short ; seuiltc, event, idea, obey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

PERSONAL

311

PESTILENTIALLY

assumed or represented ; an individual distin-
guished by rank, position, etc. — Per'son-al
(-al), a. Pertaining to a person or to private
concerns or bodily appearance. — Per'son-al-
ly, adv. — Per'son-al'i-ty (-Sl'i-ty), n. That
which constitutes a person ; reference, esp. in
a disparaging way, to the conduct of some per-
son. — Per/son-ate (-at), v. t. To assume the
character of ; to counterfeit ; to disguise ; to
mask. — Per'son-a'tor, n. — Per'son-a'tlon (-a'-

shun), n. A personating or counterfeiting the
person of another. — Per-SOn'i-fy (-s5n'i-li), v.
t. [Personified (-fid) ; Personifying.] To treat
as a person ; to mimic ; to counterfeit ; to re-
semble. — Per-son'i-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shun), n.
A personifying ; rhetorical figure, in which an
inanimate being is represented as animated, or
endowed with personality. — || Per'SOn/nel'
(F. par'so'nal' ; E. per'sun-ngl'), n. Body of
persons employed in 60ine public service, as the
arm)r, navy, etc. ; — opposed to materiel.
Per-spec'tlve (per-spSk'ttv), a. Pertaining to
the art, or in accordance with the laws, of per-
spective. — ». A view ; a vista ; the art of cor-

Linear Perspective.

hh Horizon ; o Point opposite the eye ; ao, bo, co, do,
eo, jo, ho, io,jo Vanishing lines.

rectly representing on a plane surface objects
as they appear in nature. — Per-spec'tive-ly,
adv.

Per'spi-ca'cioUS (per'spT-ka'shus), a. Quick-
sighted ; sharp of sight ; keen. — Per'spi-cac'i-
ty (-kaVI-ty), n. Acuteness of sight or dis-
cernment.

Per-spic'u-OUS (per-spTk'u-us), a. Clear to the
understanding ; capable of being clearly under-
stood ; not ambiguous ; plain ; definite. — Per-

spic'u-ous-ly, adv. — Per-spic'u-ous-ness,

Per'spi-CU'i-ty (per'spT-ku'i-ty), n.

Per-spire' (per-spir'), v. i. & t. [Perspired
(-spird') ; Perspiring.] To evacuate (fluids of
the body) through the pores of the skin ; to
sweat. — Per-spir'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of
being perspired. — Per'spi-ra'tion (per'spi-ra'-
shfln), n. A perspiring ; sweat.

Per-suade' (per-swad'), v. t. To influence by ar-
gument, entreaty, or expostulation ; to con-
vince ; to induce ; to prevail on ; to allure ; to

entice. — Per-suad'er; n. — Per-suad'a-ble (-a-

b'l), Per-SUa'si-ble (-swa'sT-b'l), a. Capable of
being persuaded. — Per-suad'a-ble-ness, Per-
sua'sl-ble-ness, n. — Per-sua'slon (-zhfin), n.
A persuading ; motive ; reason ; belief ; a sect
adhering to a creed. — Per-sua'sive (-sTv), a.
Tending or able to persuade. — n. An incite-

ment; exhortation. — Per-sua'sive-ly, adv. —
Per-sua'sive-ness, n. — Per-suaso-ry(-so-rjr),
a. Persuasive.

Pert (pert), a. Indecorously free or presuming ;
saucy ; bold. — Pert' ly, adv. — Pert'ness, n.

Per-tain' (per-tan'), v. i. [Pertained (-land');
Pertaining.] To be the property, right, or
duty of ; to belong ; to relate.

Perti-na'cious (per'ti-na'shiio), a. Holding to
any opinion or design with obstinacy ; firm ;
stubborn ; inflexible ; determined ; constant ;
steady. — Per'ti-na'cious-ly, adv. — Perti-na'-
cious-ness, Perti-nac i-ty (-na3'I-ty), ».

Per'ti-nent (per'ci-nent), a. Pertaining or related
to tiie subject in hand ; adapted to ti.e end pro-
posed ; relevant ; suitable ; fit ; proper. — Per'-
tl-nent-ly, adv. — Per'ti-nence (uena), Per'tl-
nen-cy (-nen-s^), n.

Per-turb' (per-tOru'), v. t. [Perturbed (-tflrbd') ; /
Perturbing.] To disturb ; to agitate ; to dis- f
order; to confuse. — Per' tUT-ba'tion (per'tGr-
ba'shun), n. A perturbing ; irregularity in the
motion of a heavenly body.

Pei'uke (pSr'uk), n. An artificial cap of hair ; a
periwig.

Peruse' (pe-ruz'), v. t. [Perused (-ruzd'); Perus-
ing.] To read attentively. — Pe-rus'al (-ruz'al),
n. A perusing.

Per-vade' (per-vad'), v. t. To pass through ; to
be in all parts. — Per-va'sion (-va'zhun), n. A
pervading. — Per-va'sive (-si v), a. Tending
or able to pervade.

Per-verse' (per-vers'), a. Turned aside ; distort-
ed ; obstinate in wrong ; stubborn ; untracta-
ble ; vexatious. — Per-verse'ly, adv. — Per-
verse'ness, Per-ver'si-ty (-ver'sT-ty), n.

Per-vert' (per-verf), v. t. To turn from truth
or from the right ; to misinterpret ; to corrupt ;
to proselyte. — Per- vert'er, n. — Per-vert'i-ble
(-T-b'l), a. Capable of being perverted. — Per-
ver'sion (-veVshun), n. A perverting ; chanpe
to something worse. — Per-ver'sive, a. Tend-
ing to pervert or corrupt. — Per'vert (peVvert),
n. One perverted.

Per/vi-OUS (per'vi-us), a. Capable of being pen-
etrated ; permeable. — Per'vi-OUS-ness, n.

Pes'si-mism (pes'sT-inTz'm), n. Doctrine that
everything in nature is ordered for the worst,
or that the world is wholly evil. — Pes'si-mlst
(-mist), n. Believer in pessimism. — Pes'si-
mist, Pes'si-mis'tic (-nus'tTk), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, pessimism ; gloomy ;
— opposed to optimism, optimist, etc.

Pest (p§st), n. Fatal epidemic ; disease ; plague ;
pestilence ; anything destructive or trouble-
some ; nuisance. — Pest'house', n. Hospital
for persons infected with malignant disease.

Pes'ter (pes'ter), v. t. [Pestered (-terd) ; Pes-
tering.] To harass with little vexations ; to
tease ; to vex ; to encumber. — Pes'ter-er, n.

Pes-tif er-OUS ( pes-tif'er-us ), a. Pest-bearing ;
pestilential ; infectious ; contagious ; trouble-
some ; vexatious. — Pes-tifer-OUS-ly, adv.

Pes'ti-lent (pgs'tT-lent), a. Noxious to health,
morals, etc. ; offensive ; pestilential. — Pes'tl-
lent-ly, adv. — Pes'ti-lence (-lens), n. Any-
thing pestilent ; the disease known as the
plague. — Pes'ti-len'tial (-ISn'shfll), a. Pro-
ducing or tending to produce the pest, plague,
or other infectious disease ; noxious,
len'tial-ly, adv.

Pes'ti-

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PESTLE

312

PHEASANT

Petals.

leaf,

Petiole.
Ivy Leaf, show-
ing : a Petiole ;
6 Blade ; c Part
of the Branch.

Pes'tle (peV'l), n. Implement for pounding and
breaking substances, in a mortar. — v. t. [Pes-
tled (-'Id); Pestling (-ling).] To pound,
break, or pulverize.

Pet (pet), n. A small creature fondled and in-
dulged ; a fit of peevishness. — a. Petted ; in-
dulged ; cherished, — v. t. [Petted ; Petting.]
To treat as a pet ; to caress ; to indulge.

Pet'al (pfit/al), n. One of the leaves of the co-
rolla, or colored leaves
of a flower. — Pefal-
ous (-us), a. Having
petals.

Pe-tard' ( pe - tard' ), n.
Case containing pow-
der, used to break
gates, barricades, etc.,
by explosion.

Pet'i-ole (peVi-ol), n. The footstalk of a
connecting blade with stem. —
Pet'i-o-lar (-6-ler), Pet'i-o-la-
iy (-la-ry), a. Pertaining to,
proceeding from, or supported
on, a petiole. — Pet'i-o-late
(-lat), a. Having a petiole.

Pet'it ( p8t ' y ; F. pe - te ' ), a.
Small ; little ; mean ; — same as
Petty. —Petit Jury. A jury
of twelve men, to try causes
at the bar of a court ; — in dis-
tinction from the grand jury.
—Petit larceny. The steal-
ing of goods of a small value. —
HPe-tit' maitre (pe-te' matr'),
». A dandy who dangles about
ladies ; a fop ; a coxcomb.

Pe-ti'tion (pe"-tTsh'un), n. A prayer ; entreaty ;
request ; memorial. — v. t. & i. To request ; to
solicit. — Pe-ti'tion-er, ». — Pe-ti'tion-a-ry
(-a-ry), a. Coming with, or containing, a pe-
tition.

Pet'rel (peVrgl), n. Long-winged, web-footed sea
bird ; Mother Carey's
chicken.

Pe-tres'cent (pe-treV-
sent), a. Converting
into stone or stony
hardness. — Pe-tres'-
cence (-sens), n. A
changing into stone. —
Pet'ri-fy (pSf rl-fi), v.
t. [Petbipied (-fid) ;
Petrifying.] To turn Stormy Petrel,

into stone ; to harden.

— Pet'ri-fac'tlon (-fSk'shun), n. A petrifying ;
a body rendered hard by depositions of stony
matter in its cavities ; a body incrusted with stony
matter. — Pet ri-iac'tive (-tlv), Pe-trii'ic (pS-
trlf'Tk), a. Having power to convert into stone.

Petrol' (pe-troP), n. Gasoline.

Pe-tro'le-um (pe-trole-Qm), n. Rock oil, an in-
flammable, bituminous liquid exuding or pumped
from the upper strata of the earth. — IIPO7-
tro'leur' (pii'trS'ieV), n. masc, HP^tro/leuse'
(-leV), n. fern. One who uses petroleum for
incendiary purposes.

Pet'tl-coat (pet'tT-kot), n. Woman's underskirt.

Pet'tl-log (peVtT-f5g), v. i. To do small, petty, or
tricky business as a lawyer. — Pet'tl-fog'ger
(-f5R'per), n. — Pet'ti-fog'ger-y (-$>), n. Mean
legal acts ; disreputable tricks ; quibbles.

Pet'tish (pgt'tish), a. Evincing a pet; fretful;

peevish ; captious ; cross. — Pet'tish-ly, adv. —

Pet'tish-ness, n.
Pet'ti-toes (pet'ti-toz), n. pi. Toes or feet of a

pig, used as food.
Pet'ty(pet'ty),a. [Pettier; Pettiest.] Small;

little ; trilling ; trivial ; frivolous. — Pet/ti-ly,

adv. — Pet'tl-ness, n.
Pet'u-lant (peVu-iaut), a. Inclined to complain ;

captious ; irritable ; peevish ; fretful. — Pet'U-

lant-ly, adv. — Pet'u-lance (-lans), Pet'u-lan-cy

(-lau-sy), n.

Pew (pu), n. An inclosed seat in a church.

Pe'wee (pe'we), n. An American fly-catching
bird, called also pewit and phcebe.

Pe'wit (pe'wTt), Pe'wet (-wet), n. The lapwing ;
also, the European laughing gull ; also, the
pewee.

Pew'ter (pu'ter), n. An alloy of tin and lead ; a
utensil made of pewter. — Pew'ter-er (pu'tSr-
er), n. One who works in pewter.

Pha'e-ton (fa'e-t5n), n. The fabled son of Phoe-
bus, who perished while trying to guide the
chariot of the sun ; a four-wheeled, light, open
carriage.

Pha'lanx (fa'lXnks or faTSnks), n. ; pi. E. Pha-
lanxes (-Sz), L. Phalanges (fa-lXn'jez). A
compact body of soldiers ; a firm combination
of people.

Pnan'tasm (fan'tSz'm), n. Mental image or rep-
resentation of a real object ; an imaginary exist-
ence which seems to be real ; an optical illusion ;
a dream. — Phan-tas'ma-gCri-a (fan-taz'ma-
go'rT-a), n. Exhibition of shadows thrown by
a magic lantern ; illusive images. — Phan-tas'-
ma-gor'ic (-gSr'Tk), a. Of or pertaining to
phantasmagoria.

Phan-tas'tic (fSn-tSs'tTk), a., Phan'ta-sy (f5n'-
ta-s^), n. See Fantastic, and Fancy.

Phan'tom (fSn'tum), n. An apparition ; a ghost.

Phar'i-see (faVI-se), n. One of a Jewish sect
given to strict observance of rites and ceremo-
nies, and pretense of uncommon holiness. —
Phar'i-sa'ic (-sa'Ik), -sa'iC-al (-I-kal), a. Per-
taining to, or like, the Pharisees ; formal ; hyp-
ocritical ; self-righteous. — Phar'i-sa-ic-al-ly,
adv. — Phar'i-sa'lc-al-ness, Phar ' 1 - sa - ism

(-sa-Tz'm), n.

Phar'ma-Cy (far'ma-s^), n. Art of preparing sub-
stances for medicine ; a drug store ; an apothe-
cary's shop. — Phar'ma-ceu'tic ( - su ' t!k ),
Phar'ma-ceu'tiC-al (-tlk-al), a. Pertaining to
pharmacy, or preparation of medicines. — Fhar'-
ma-ceu'tlcs, n. Science of preparing medi-
cines. — Phar'ma-ceu'tist (-su'tYst), Pharma-
cist (far'ma-slst), n. One skilled in pharmacy ;
a druggist. — Phar'ma-co-pce'ia (-ko-pe'ya), n.
Book describing the preparation of medicines ;
a dispensatory.

Pha'ros (fa'rBs), n. A lighthouse ; a beacon.

Phar'ynx (fSr'Tnks), n. ; pi. Pharynges (fi-rYn'-
jez). Part of the alimentary canal between
mouth and esophagus, and into which the nose
opens. — Phar'yn-ge'al (fSr'Tn-je'^l or fA-rln'-
je-fll), a. Belonging to the pharynx. — Phar'-
yn-got'0-my (f5r'In-g5t^-my), n. Operation
of making an incision into the pharynx.

Phase (faz), Pha'Sls (fa'sls), n. Appearance.

Pheas'ant (fgz/ant), n. A large gallinaceous bird,
originally from Asia ; the American ruffed
grouse.

ft, e, 1, o, u, long ; ft, C, 1, 6, H, y , short ; senate, event, Idea, dbey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PHENIX

313

PHRASEOLOGY

Ph^nlx (fe'nTks), n. Bird fabled to exist single, [
and to rise again from its own ashes.

pWnol (le'uol), a. Caustic poison obtained from I
coal tar, etc. ; carbolic acid.

Phe-nom'e-non (ie-uSui'e-non), n. ; pi. Phenom-
ena (-na). Au appearance ; tiling apparent to
observation, as distinguished from its substance
or uuknowu constitution; remarkable or un-
usual appearance. — Phe-nom/e-nal (-nal), a.
Pertaining to a phenomenon ; extraordinary ;

. wonderful.

Phi'al (il'al), n. A glass bottle ; a vial.

Phi-lan'der (iT-15n'der), v. i. To flirt ; to make
love ; to coquet.

PM-lan'thro-py (fT-lSii'thro-p^), n. Love of man-
kind ; universal good will. — Phi-lan'thro-pist
(-pist), n. One who evinces philanthropy. —
Phil'an-throp'ic ( fll'Sn-throp'Tk ), Phil'an-
throp'ic-al (-t-kal), a. Benevolent ; kind.

Phil/liar-mon'ic ( f Il-har-ni5n'Tk ), a. Loving
harmony or music.

Phil-hel'len-ist (iil-heVlSn-ist), n. A friend of
Greece or of the Greeks.

Phi-lat'e-ly (fT-lat'e-ly), n. The collecting of
postage stamps.

PW-Up'pic (ii-lTp/pik), n. Oration of Demos-
thenes against Philip, King of Macedon ; decla-
mation abounding in acrimonious invective.

Phi-lis'tine (iT-Hs'tln), n. An inhabitant of an-
cient Palestine ; a person destitute of culture
and refinement ; one contented with low motives
and enjoyments.

Phi-lol'O-gy (ii-lol'6-jy), n. Scientific study of
language. — Phi-lol'O-ger (-jer), Phi-lol'O-gist
(-jtst), n. One versed in philology. — Phil'O-
log'ic (iTl'6-loj'ik), Phil'o-log'ic-al (-I-knl), a.
Pertaining to philology.

Phil'o-mel (fTi'6-mgl), PhiPo-me'la (-uie'la), n.
The nightingale.

Phil/O-pe'na ( iTl/o-pe,na ), n. A small present
made as a forfeit in a game variously played.

PhiPo-pro-gen'i-tive-ness ( f Tl ' 6-prS-jgn ' I-tTv-
nes), n. Phrenological name for love of off-
spring or of children.

Phi-lOS'0-phy (ri-15s'o-fyl, «•«•' pi- Philosophies
(-fiz). Knowledge of phenomena as explained
by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, pow-
ers and laws ; practical wisdom ; fortitude. —
Phi-los'O-pher (-fer), n. One versed in, or de-
voted to, philosophy ; one who lives according
to the rules of practical wisdom. — Philoso-
pher's Stone. Stone or preparation by which
the alchemists sought to convert base metal
into gold.— Phi-los'o-phize (-fiz), v. i. To
reason like a philosopher ; to search into the
reason and nature of things. — Phil'O-soph'ic
(ill i-so/ik), PhiPo-SOph/ic-aU-i-ktfl),;/. Per-
taining to, proceeuing from, or evincing, phi-
losophy ; rational ; wise ; temperate. — PhJLl'O-
soph'ic-al-ly, adv.
Phil'ter (iTl'ter), n. A charm to excite love.
Phiz (fTz),.n. ; pi. Phizes (-gz). The face ; visage.
Phle-bot'O-my (ne-bot'o-my), n. The opening
a vein for letting blood ; bleeding. — Phle-DOt'O-

mist (-mist), n. — Phle-bot'o-mize (-miz), v. t.

To let blood from (a vein)-
Phlegm (flgm), n. Tenacious mucus secreted in
the respiratory and digestive passages ; cold-
ness ; sluggishness ; indifference. — Phleg-
mat'ic (fleg-niaVTk), a. Abounding in phlegm;
sluggish ; heavy. — Fhleg-mat'ic-al-ly, adv.

Phlox (floks), n. An American herb, bearing red,
white, or purple flowers.

Phoe'nix (fe'nTks), n. See Phenix.

Phon/ic (iou'Tk), a. Pertaining to sound ; acous-
tic. — Phon/ics, n. Phonetics. — Pho-net'ic
(io-net/ik), a. Pertaining to the voice ; repre-
senting sounds. — Pho-net'ics, n. Science of
sounds, esp. those of the human voice ; repre-
sentation of sounds by written characters ; pho-
nology. — Pho'ne-tist (io'iie-tTst), n. One versed
in phonology. — Pho'no-graph (-no-grai) , n. A
character used in phonography to represent a
sound ; an instrument which mechanically reg-
isters and reproduces articulate speech, music,
and similar sounds. — PhO'no-graph'ic (-gr5F-
Tk) , Pho'no-graph'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining

{■T)-S , t

«~/T

They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.
Phonographic Characters.

to phonography or the phonograph. — PhO-nog'-
ra-phy (f o-nog'ra-ly), n. Science of the laws of
the human voice ; a representation of sounds by
distinctive characters ; a system of shorthand ;
the construction or use of the phonograph. —
Pho-nog'ra-pher (-fer), n. One skilled in pho-
nography. — Pho'no-type (fo'no-tip), n. Type
or character representing a sound.
Phos'phor (fSs'fSr), Phos'phor-us (-us), ».
Planet Venus, when the morning star ; Lucifer.

— PhoS'phor-US, n. Poisonous and very com-
bustible mineral substance, which glows in the
dark, and is used for tipping friction matches.

— PhoS'phor-OUS (-us), a. Pertaining to, or
obtained from, phosphorus. — Phos ' phor - ate
(-at), v. t. To combine, or impregnate, with
phosphorus. — Phos'phor-esce' (-es' ) ; v. i.
To emit a faint light, without sensible heat. —
Phos'phor-es'cent (-gs'sent), a. Shining with
a faint light. — Phos'phor-es'cence (-s^ns), n.

— Phos-phor'ic (f5s-for'Tk), Phos-phor'ic-al, a.
Pertaining to, or obtained from, phosphorus.

Pho'to-en-grav'ing (fo't&'-en-grav'Tng), n. En-

f raving made by photography, or picture so made.
O'tO-graph (fo'to-graf), n. Picture obtained
by photography, —v. t. & i. [Photographed
(-graft) ; Photographing] To depict by pho-
tography. — Pho'to-graph'ic (-griVTk), Pho7-
tO-graph'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, or
obtained by, photography. — Pho-tOg'ra-phy
(-tog'ra-fy), n. Science of the action of light
on sensitive bodies ; the producing pictures of
objects by the action of light on chemically pre-
pared surfaces of silver, glass, paper, etc. —
PhO-tOg'ra-pher (-fer), n. One who makes
photographs.

Pho'to-lith'o-graph (fo'tS-lith'S-graf), v. t. To
produce a print from a stone prepared by aid of
photography. — n. A print thus made.

Pho-tom'e-ter (fo-tom'e-ter), n. An instrument
for measuring relative intensities of light. —
PhO-tom'e-try (-try), n. Science of measuring
the intensity of light.

Phrase (fraz), n. A brief expression; a sen-
tence ; a pithy expression ; style ; diction. — v. t.
[Phrased (frazd) ; Phrasing.] To express in
words, or in peculiar words. — Phra'se-ol'O-gy
(fra'ze-ol'o-jy), n. Manner of expression ; col-
lection of phrases in a language.

f6rn, recent, orb, rifde, fyll, Urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin-

PHRENETIC

314

PICK

Phre-netrlc (fre-ngfYk), a. Frantic ; mad.
Phre-nol'O-gy (fre-uol'6-jy), n. Science of the

Phrenology.
1 Amativeness; 2Phi1oprogenitiveness; 3 Concentrative-
ness ; 3 a Inhabitiveness ; 4 Adhesiveness : 5 Com-
bativeness ; (i Destructiveness ; <> a Alimentiveness;
7 Secretiveness : 8 Acquisitiveness ; SI Constructive-
ness ; 10 Self-esteem : 11 Love of Approbation ; 12
Cautiousness ; 13 Benevolence ; 14 Veneration ; 15
Firmness ; 111 Conscientiousness ; 17 Hope ; LS Won-
der ; lit Ideality ; lit a (Not determined) ; 20 Wit ;
21 Imitation : 22 Individuality; 23 Form ; 24 Size ;
25 Weight ; 20 Coloring ; 27 Locality ; 28 Number ;
29 Order ; 30 Eventuality ; 31 Time ; 32 Tune ; 33
Language ; 34 Comparison ; 35 Causality.

special functions of the parts of the brain ; the-
ory that the mental faculties are shown on the
surface of the head ; craniology. — Phre-nol'O-
gist (-jYst), n. One versed in phrenology. —
Phren'O-log'iC (frgn'6-lojTk or fre'no-), Phien7-
O-log'ic-al (-T-krrt), a. Pertaining: to phrenology.

Phren'sy (frgn'z^), n. Same as Frenzy.

Phthi'sis (thi'sYs), PMMs'ic (tYz'Tk), n. Pul-
monary consumption ; a wasting Qf the tissues.

-Phthis'ic-al (tiz'T-kni), Phthis'ick-y (tYz'-

Yk-^), a. Consumptive.

Phy-lac'ter-y (fT-lSk'ter-^), n. A box containing
scriptural passages, worn by devout Jews.

HPhyl'lOX-e'ra (fYPloks-e'ra), n. An insect de-
structive to grape-
vines ; a disease of .
vines caused by tliis fc
insect

Phylloxera. <> >> Dorsnl and Ventral View of the Wing-
n from the H'xit ; c Winged Female from the

I.enf ; <\ Wingless Form limn the Leal All mut'li

enlarged'

Phys'lc (fTz'Yk), n. Art of healing; theory or
practice of medicine ; internal application for

<ur.- <>f Hieknens. — v. t. [Physicked (-Tkt) ;
kino.] To treat with physic; to purge ;

to cure. — Phys'ics, n. Science of nature or of

uatural objects ; natural science of the general
properties of bodies, and of their uiodihcation by
gravitation, heat, light, electricity, magnetism,
etc. ; natural philosophy. — Phys'ic-al (-i-kal),
a. Pertaining to nature ; relating to natural or
material things, as opposed to things mental,
moral, spiritual, or imaginary ; corporeal ; ex-
ternal. — Phys'ic-ally, adv. — Phy-si'cian (it-
zisl/an), n. One skilled in physic ; doctor of
medicine. — Phys'i-cist ( f Yz'T-sIst ), n. One
versed in the science ol physics.

Phys'i-Og'no-my (fYz'T-og'no-n y), n. The dis-
cerning the character of the mind from the
face ; face or countenance, with respect to the
temper of the mind ; expression of countenance.
— Phys'i-Og'no-mist (-mist), n. One skilled in
physiognomy. — Pbys'i-Og-nom'ic ( -og-n3ni'-
Yk), Phys'i-Og-nom'iC-al (-i-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to physiognomy.

Phys'i-Ol'O-gy (lTz'T-ol'6-#), n. Science of the
bodily organs and their functions in animals and
plants. — Phys'i-ol'o-ger (-jer), Phys'i-ol'o-
gist (-jist), n. One versed in physiology. —
Phys'i-o-log'ic (-loj'ik), Phys'i-o-log'ic-al (-Y-
kal), a. Pertaining to physiology.

Phy-Sique7 (fe-zek'), n. Natural constitution, or
physical structure, of a person.

Phy-tol'0-gy (f t-tol'6-jjr), n. Science of plants ;
botany. — Phy-tiv'o-rous ( ii-tiv'6-rus ), Phy-
toph'a-gOUS (-tof'a-gus), a. Eating or subsist-
ing on plants.

Pi (pi), n. Mass of type confusedly mixed. —
v. t. [Peed (pld) ; Pieing (pi'Yng).] To disor-
der (type).

HPi'a ma'ter (pi'a ma'ter). Membrane investing
the brain and spinal cord.

llPi-a'no (pe-a'no), a. Soft; — a direction to a
musical performer to execute a passage with
diminished tone. — HPi'a-nls'si-mo (pe'a-nYs'-
sY-mo), a. Very solt ; — direction to execute
a passage in the softest manner.

Pi-an'o ( pY-an'6 ), Pi-an'o-for'te (-for'ta), n.
Musical instrument, consisting of wires oi grad-
uated length and tension, struck by hammers
moved by keyB. — Pi-an'ist (-an'Yst), n. Player
on the piano.

Pi-as'ter (pY-aVter), n. Silver coin of many coun-
tries and values.

Pi-az'za (pY-az'za), n. Portico ; covered walk ;
open space surrounded by buildings.

Pi'hroch (pe'brSk), n. Wild, irregular music,
peculiar to the Scottish Highlands.

Pi'ca (pi'ka), n. A genus of birds including the
magpie ; a kind of printing type of two sizes,
small pica and pica, the former next in size
above long primer.

This line is printed in pica.
This line is printed in small fiica.

Pic/a-yune' (pYk'a-un'), n. A small silver coin,
worth 6J cents.

Plc'ca-lll'li (pTk'ka-lYl'lY), n. East Indian pickle
of various vegetables with pungent spices.

Pick (pTk), r. t. [Picked (pYkt) ; Picking.] To
strike at with anything pointed; to open (a
lock) ; to separate (wool, cotton, oakum, etc.);
to pull apart or away (fruit from a tree, corn from
a stalk) ; to take up suddenly ; to choose ; to se-

ll, 5, 1, o, ii, long ; ft, 6, I, ft, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, ftbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PICKER

315

PILLORY

Pickax.

iect; to collect ; to bring together, — v. t. To
eat slowly or by morsels ; to do anything nicely ;
to steal; to pilfer. — n. Sharp-pointed tool;
miner's tool for loosening hard earth, ground,
stones, etc. ; choice ; right of selection. — Pick'-
er (pik'er),rc. — Pick'ax' (pTk'Sks'), Pick'axe',
7i. A pick with a point at one
end, a transverse blade at the
other, and a handle inserted
at the middle.

PiCk'er-el (pik'er-gl), n. Fresh-
water hsh of the Pike family.

Pick'et (plk'gt), n. Sharpened
stake; narrow board used in
fences , a guard in front of an army. — v. t.
[Picketed ; Picketing.] To fortify or fence
with pickets ; to tether (a horse, etc.).

PlC'kle (pTk'k'l), n. Solution of salt and water ;
brine ; food preserved in vinegar. — v. t. [Pic-
kled (-k'ld) ; Pickling (-klTng).] To preserve
or season in pickle.

Pick'pock et (pik'p5k/e't), n. One who steals
from another's pocket.

Pic'nlc (pik'nik), n. Collation taken on a pleas-
ure excursion into the country ; party making
such an excursion, —v. i. [Picnicked (-nikt) ;
Picnicking (-nlk-Tng).] To go on a picnic.

Pic'ture (pik'tur), n. A thing painted ; likeness
drawn in colors ; graphic representation, —v. t.
[Pictured (-turd); Picturing.] To draw or
paint a resemblance of ; to represent ; to recall
vividly. —Pic'tur-esiiue' (-Ssk'), a. Fitted to
form a pleasing picture. — Pic-tO'rl-al (-to'rT-
al), a. Pertaining to, illustrated by, or form-
ing, pictures. — Pic-to'rl-al-ly, adv.

Pid'dle (pld'd'l), v. i. [Piddled (-d'ld); Pid-
dling (-dllng).] To deal in trides.

Pie (pi), n. Baked paste, containing apple, mince
meat, etc.

Pie (pi), n. 'Magpie. [Written also pye.~\ — Pie'-
bald7 (pi'bald'),a. Of various colors; diversi-
fied in color.

Piece (pes), n. Fragment of a thing separated
from the whole ; part; share; individual article;
literary or artistic composition ; musket, gun,
or cannon ; a coin. — v. t. [Pieced (pest) ; Pie-
cing (pe'sing).] To enlarge or mend by the ad-
dition of a piece; to patch ; to join. — Piece'-
meal/ (peVmel'), adv. In pieces ; in fragments ;
by little and little. — a. Made of parts or pieces ;
single ; separate.

Pied (pid), a. Variegated, like a magpie, with
spots of different colors ; spotted.

Pier (per), n. Mass of stonework supporting an
arch, bridge, etc. ; part of a wall between win-
dows or doors ; a projection of stonework into
the sea, for breaking the force of the waves ;
a wharf ; a landing. — Pier glass. A tall, nar-
row mirror, to stand between windows. — Pier
table. A table placed between windows.

Pierce (pers), v. t. & i. [Pierced (perst) ; Pier-
cing (per'sing).] To thrust into; to bore; to
penetrate ; to reach.

Pi'e-ty (pi'e-tjf), n. Affectionate reverence of
parents, friends, or country ; obedient love of
the will of God and devotion to his service ;
religion ; sanctity. — Pi'e-tism (pi'e-tlz'm), n.
Strict or ostentatious and affected devotion. —
Pi'e-tis'tic (-tTs'tik), Pi'e-tis'tic-al (-tT-kal), a.
Affectedly religious.

Pig (pig), n. The young of swine ; oblong mass

I of cast iron, lead, etc. — v. t. [Pigged (pTgd) ;
Pigging.] To bring forth pigs. — v. i. To lie
I togetner like pigs.

Pi/geon (pi j'un), n. A gallinaceous bird of many
| species; a.dove; a vic-
tim of sharpers. —

Pigeon English.

Grotesque jargon
composed of English
and other words used
by Europeans in busi-
ness dealings with
Chinamen. — Pi'-
geon-hole7 (-hoi'), »•
Compartment, re-
sembling one of those
made for a pigeon's

nest, used for storing letters in a desk, etc. —
v. t. To tile away in a desk ; to put aside ; to
dispose of.

Pig'gin ( pig'gin ), n. A small wooden pail or
uipper.

Pig'ment (pig'ment), n. Material from which
dye, paints, etc., may be made; coloring matter.

Pig'my (pig'mjf), n. See Pygmy.

Pike (piii), n. Long staff, with a pointed head ;
spear ; voracious fresh-water fish ; pickerel ;
a turnpike road. — Piked (pikt or pTk'ed), a.
Furnished with a pike ; ending in a point.

Pi-las'ter (pT-laVter), n. A square column, pro-
jecting partly from a wall.

Pil'chard (pTl'cherd), n. Food fish
resembling the herring.

Pile (pil), n. Miss or collection of
tilings ; a heap ; large building, or
mass of buildings ; series of alternate
disks of two dissimilar metals, pe-
culiarly arranged for producing a
current of electricity, —v. t. [Piled
(pild) ; Piling.] To heap ; to accu-
mulate ; to amass.

Pile (pil), n. A pointed timber driven into the
earth, to support a building, bridge, etc. — 1>. t.
To driv.e piles into ; to strengthen with piles.

Pile (pil), n. Fiber of wool, cotton, etc. ; nap.

Piles (pilz), n. pi. Hemorrhoids, a disease con-
sisting of tumors about the anus.

Pil'fer (pil'fer), v. i. & t. [Pilfered (pil'ferd) ;
Pilfering.] To steal or gain by petty theft ; to
filch. — Pil'fer-er, rc.

Pil-gar'liC (pil-gar'lik), n. One who has lost hia
hair by disease ; a poor wretch.

Pil'grim (pil'grim), n. A wanderer ; a traveler
to a holy place. — Pirgrim-age (-aj), n. Jour-
ney of a pilgrim, or to a shrine or sacred place.

Pill (pTl), n. Medicine in the form of a little
ball ; anything nauseous.

PiPlage (pil'laj), n. A plun-
dering ; rapine ; spoil ; dep-
redation. — v. t. [Pillaged
(-lajd); Pillaging.] To plun-
der ; to spoil.

Pil'lar (pil'ler), n. A column ;
prop ; support.

Pil'lion(pTl'yHn),». A cushion
behind a saddle, as a second
seat.

Pil'l0-ry ( ptl'lS-ry- ), n. ; pi.
Pillories (-rTz). Frame with
holes, through which the head
and hands of a criminal were put, to expose him

Pilaster.

Pillory.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PILLOW

316

PIROUETTE

publicly. — v. t. [Pilloried ( -rid ) ; Pillory-
ing.] To set in the pillory ; to expose to public
scorn.

Pil'lOW (plllo), ft. Cushion to support the head ;
support for a ship's bowsprit, a part of a ma-
chine, etc. ; bearing ; journal box ; coarse fus-
tian. — v. t. [Pillowed (-lou) ; Pillowing. ]_ To
rest or lay for support. — Pil'low-case7 (-kas'),
n. Cover for a pillow.

Pi/lot (pi'lut), n. One who steers ships ; a guide.
— v. t. [Piloted; Piloting.] To direct the
course of a ship ; to guide through dangers or
difficulties. — Pi/lot-age (-aj),7t. Compensation
to, or guidance of, a pilot.

Pi-men'to (pl-uieu'to), Pi-men'ta (-ta), n. All-
spice, a tree and its aromatic iruit.

Pim'per-nel ( plni ' per - nel ), n. A plant whose
flowers close at the approach of bad weather.

Pim/ple (plm'p'l), ft. A small pointed elevation
01 the skin. — Pim'pled (ptm'p'ld), a. Having
pimples on the skin.

Pill (piu), ft. Pointed instrument for fastening
clothes, etc. ; a tpike ; a peg ; a bolt ; a trine. —
v. t. [Pinned (piud) ; Pinning.] To fasten, as
with a pin. — Pin'a-lore' (piu'a-lor'), n. Child's
apron to cover the front of the body. — Pin'-
CUSh'ion (-kdosh'un), n. Cushion to stick pins
in, to keep them. —Pin feather. Small or un-
developed feather. — Pin hole. Hole made by
a pin ; very small opening. — Pin money. Al-
lowance of money, such as a husband makes to
his wife for personal expenditure.

Pin'cers (pln'serz), ft. pi. Pinchers.

Pinch (pinch), v. t. [Pinched (pliicht), Pinch-
ing.] To squeeze as between the ends of the
fingers ; to oppress with want ; to distress. — v. i.
To bear hard ; to spare ; to be covetous. — n.
Close compression with the ends of the fingers ;
that which is taken between the fingers ; oppres-
sion ; difficulty. — Pinch'er, n. — Pinch'ers,
n. A two-handled
instrument, w i t h
grasping jaws, for
griping objects,
drawing nails, etc. Pinchers.

Pinch'beck (plnch'-
bSk), n. Alloy of copper and zinc, resembling
gold. — a. Cheap; spurious.

Pine (pin), v. i. [Pined (plnd) ; Pining.] To
languish ; to droop ; to wither ; to decay.

Pine (pin), n. A coniferous tree of many species,
or its valuable timber ; a pineapple. — Pine'ap'-
ple (pln'ap'p'l), n. A tropical plant and its
eatable fruit, which resembles in appearance
the cones of pine trees. — Pin'er-y (-er-jr), n.
A pine torest ; a place for raising pineapples. —
Pin'y vpl'i'j')? n- Abounding with pines.

Pin feather. See under Pin, n.

Pin'ion (pTn'yiin), n. A feather; a
quill ; a wing ; a fetter for the arm ;
a cogwheel whose teeth engage with
those of a larger wheel or ra<-k. —
v. I. [Pinioned (-yund) ; Pinion-
ing.] To bind the wings or arms
of ; to confine ; to fetter.

Pink (pTnk), n. A garden plant and
ower; color combining red
with white ; anything supremely
excellent. — a. Of a light red
ci.li.r. — Pink eye. Epidemic
ophthalmia, which reddens the eyeball.

Pink.

Pinnacle.

Pink (pink), v. t. [Pinked (plnkt) ; Pinking.]
To pierce with small holes ; to work iu small
scallops ; to stab ; to pierce.

Pin'nace (pln'nas), n. A small vessel navigated
with oars or sails.

Pin'na-Cle (pln'na-k'l), n. Turret; summit;
high point.

Pin'nate (pln'nat), Pin'na-ted (-na-
t6d), a. Shaped like a feather ; hav-
ing fins.

Pint (pint), ft. Half a quart, or four
gills ; in medicine, twelve ounces.

Pin'tle (pln't'l), «. A little pin ; a
long iron bolt or hook.

Pin'y (pin'y), a. See under Pine.

Pio-neer' (pi'S-ner/), ft. One who
goes in advance, to prepare the
way for others, — v.t.&i. To go
before and prepare a way (for).

Pi'OUS (pl'iis), a. Having affection-
ate reverence for a parent or supe-
rior, epp. for the Supreme Being ;
devout ; religious ; holy ; righteous.

— Pi'ous-ly, adv.
Pip (pip), ft. Disease of fowls, in

which a scale grows on the tongue.

Pip ( pip ), ft. A seed of an apple,
orange, etc.

Pip (pip), w. A spot on a playing card.

Pip (pip), v . % To chirp, as a chicken ; to peep.

Pipe (pip), ft. Tube of wood or metal ; wind in-
strument of music ; implement for smoking to-
bacco ; tube for conducting water, gas, etc. ;
cask containing 12G gallons, or the quantity it
contains. — v. i. [Piped (pipt) ; Piping.] To
play on a pipe, fife, nute, etc. ; to whistle. — v. t.
To perform (a tune) on a pipe ; to call (a crew,
etc.) by blowing a pipe ; to furnish or equip (a
boiler, building, etc.) with pipes. — Pip'er, ft.

— Pipe Clay. White clay, used in making to-
bacco pipes and earthenware. — Pip'ing, a.
Giving forth a weak, shrill sound like the voice
of the sick ; feeble ; boiling. — ft. Cord trim-
ming or fluting for ladies' dresses ; a cutting
to be planted ; pipes collectively ; tubing.

Pip'kin (plp'kln), ft. A small earthen boiler.

Pip'pin (pip'pin), «. A kind of tart apple.

Pi'quant (pe'kant or plk'ant), a. Stimulating to
the taste or imagination ; giving zest ; tart ;
pungent ; severe. — Pi'quant-ly, adv. — Pi'-
qnan-cy {-?$), n.

Pique (pek), ft. Annoyance or resentment occa-
sioned by slight or injury ; irritation ; grudge ;
spite. — ?'. t. [Piqued (jekt); Piquing (pe7-
klng).] To excite the sensibilities ol ; to anger ;
to provoke ; to goad ; to stimulate ; to pride
(oneself).

Pi-quet' (pe-kSf or plk'gt), ft. A game played
between two persons, with thirty-two cards.

Pi'rate (pl'rat), n. Robber on the high seas ;
freebooter ; vessel engaged in plundering other
vessels ; one who appropriates the inventions or
writings of other men without permission.—
V. t. To take by theft, or without right. — Pi-
tat'ic-al (pt-rSt'I-kol), a. Pertaining to a pi-
rate : robbing.— Pl-rat'ic-al-ly.orfi'. — Pi'ra-cy
(pPra-ey), v. Act or crime of a pirate ; robbery.

Pi-rogue' (pl-rog'), ft. Canoe dug out of a tree ;
narrow ferryboat.

Pir'OU-ette' (pTr'oo-St'), n. A whirling about on
the toes in dancing. — v. i. To whirl about.

a, e, 1, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 5, a, y, abort ; ueuatu, event, Idea, ftbey , finite, care, arm, ask, all, hnal>

PISCARY

317

PLAICE

Piston.

PIs'ca-ry (pis^a-ry^), n. The right or privilege
of catching fish in another man's waters. —
Pis'ca-to'ri-al ( pTs'ka-to'ri-ol ), Pis'ca-to-ry
(pls'ka-to-r^), a. Relating to fishes or fishing.
— Pis'ci-CUl ture (pTs'sT-kuFtur), n. Artificial
propagation and nurture of fish.

Pis-ta'chio (pis-ta'sho), n. Tree of Arabia, Per-
sia, etc. ; also, its edible nut, of a greenish color,
resembling the almond.

Pis'ta-reen/ (pis'ta-ren'), n. A small sil-
ver coin.

Pis'tll (pls'tll), n. A seed-bearing organ
of a flower.

Pis'tol (pls'tul), n. A small firearm to be
fired from one hand. — r. t. To shoot
with a pistol.

PiS-tole7 (pTs-tol'), n. A Spanish gold Pistil,
coin worth about S3. 60.

Pis'ton (pia'tuu), n. Sliding cylinder which fits
the cavity of a pump or barrel,
and works backward and for-
ward in it, receiving motion
from steam in engines, moving
fluids in pumps, etc.

Pit (pit), n. Hole in the ground ;
well ; abyss ; indenture in the
flesh ; hollow under the arm or
of the stomach ; mark left on
the flesh by a pustule; lowest
place in a theater ; area in which
cocks or dogs fight. — v. t.
[Pitted; Pitting.] To indent;
to mark with little hollows ; to « Follower; 6 Cyl-
provoke to combat.— Pit Saw. inder, shown
A large saw worked vertically *" ^C^"S'~ c.
by two men, one of them in a d'pVton Rodf'
pit below the saw.

Plt'a-pat' ( pTt'a-paV ), adv. In a flutter ; with
palpitation.

Pitch (pich), n. A thick, black, sticky substance
obtained by boiling down tar. — 1\ /. To cover
with pitch ; to darken as if by smearing with
pitch ; to obscure. — Pitch'-dark', a. Dark
as pitch; very dark. — Pitch'y (-f), a. Like,
or smeared with, pitch ; dark ; dismal. — Pitch'-
i-ness, n. — Pitch coal. Bituminous coal. —
Pitch pine. Any of several American pine
trees, very resinous, and yielding pitch.

Pitch (pich),r. t. [Pitched (picht); Pitching.]
To throw ; to toss ; to fix firmly ; to plant ; to
set in array; to set the tone of (a tune in music) ;
to fix (a price). — v. i. To encamp ; to settle ;
to plunge ; to fall ; to slope. — n. Point ; de-
gree of elevation or depression ; position ; de-
clivity ; descent ; slope. — Pitch'er, n.

Pitch'er (pich'er), n . A vessel for holding liquids ;
a jug ; a jar. — Pitch'er-ful (-ful), n. Contents
of a pitcher.

Pitch'fork' (pTch'fSrk'), n. Fork used in pitch-
ing hay or sheaves into carts, lofts, etc.

Pitch'i-ness. Pitch pine, etc. See under Pitch, n.

Pit'e-OUS (pTt'e-Qs), a. Fitted to excite pity;
mournful ; doleful ; wretched ; miserable ; piti-
able ; compassionate ; paltry ; mean ; pitiful.
— Pit'e-ous-ly, adv. — Pit'e-ous-ness, n.

Pit'fall' (pTt'faP), n. A pit slightly covered, as a
trap for wild beasts or men.

Pith (pith), n. Soft, spongy substance in the
center of many plants ; spinal cord ; marrow ;
vital or essential part ; vigor ; strength ; im-
portance. — Pith'y (pith'^), a. Consisting of,

or abounding with, pith; energetic; forcible.

— Pith'i-ly, adv. — Pith'i-ness, n. — Pith'-
less, a. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength,
cogency, or concentrated force.

i Pit'i-a-ble, Pit'i-ful, etc. See under Pity, n.
; Pit'man (pit/inan), n. One who works in a pit ; a
j connecting rod in saw mills and steam engines.

Pit saw. See under Fit.

Pit'tance (pit'tans), n. Small allowance ; trifle.

Fi-tu'i-ta-ry (pT-tu'I-ta-ry), Pi-tu'i-tous (-tus),
a. Consisting of, or resembling, mucus.

Pit'y (pTt'y), re. ; pi. Pities (-Iz). Sorrow for
another's distresses ; cause of grief ; commis-
eration ; fellow-feeling. —y. t. [Pitied (-Id);
Pitting.] To feel pain or grief for ; to commis-
erate ; to sympathize with. — v. i. To be com-
passionate. — Pit'i-a-ble (-T-a-b'l), a. Deserving
pity ; affecting ; mournful ; wretched ; misera-
ble. — Pit'i-a-bly, adv. — Pit'i-a-ble-ness, n.

— Pit'i-ful (-ful;, a. Full of pity ; compassion-
ate ; moving compassion ; deserving pity for
meanness ; contemptible ; despicable ; paltry.

— Pit'i-ful-ly, adv. — Pit'i-ful-ness, n. — Pit'.
i-less (-ISs), a. Destitute of pity ; cruel. —
Pit'i-less-ly, adv — Pit'i-less-ness, n.

PiVot (plv'ut), n. A pin on which anything

turns ; a t u r n i n g

point. — v.t. To place

or turn on a pivot.
Pla'ca-ble (pla'ka-Vi),

a. Capable of being

appeased ; forgiving.

— Pla'ca-bly, adv.

— Pla'ca-ble -ness,
Pla'ca-bil'i-ty(-bTl'-
T-t?), n.

Pla-card' (pla-kard' or plSk'ard), n. A printed no-
tice exposed in a public place ; a poster. — v. t.
To post (a writing or libel) in a public place ;
to notify publicly.

Pla'cate (pla'kat), v. t. To pacify ; to appease ;
to conciliate.

Place (plas), n. Portion of space ; position ; lo-
cality ; rank ; grade ; condition ; official sta-
tion ; residence ; mansion ; fortified post ;
room ; stead. — v. t. [Placed (plast); Placing
(pla'sing).] To assign a place to ; to fix ; to set-
tle ; to put ; to invest. — Pla'cer (pla'ser), n. —
Place'man (plas'man), n. One who holds place
or office under a government.

Plac'er (plaVer; Sp. pla-tliSr'), n. A valuable
mineral deposit, esp. beside a river, or in the
bed of a mountain torrent.

PlaCid (plaVId), a. Pleased ; contented ; tran-
quil ; quiet. — Plac'id-ly, adv. — Plac'id-ness,
Pla-cid'i-ty (pla-sTd'I-ty), n.

Pla'gia-ry (pla'ja-ry or -jl-a-r^), n. A thief in
literature ; one who publishes another's ideas
as his own. — a. Practicing literary theft. —
Pla'gia-rism ( -rTz'm ), n. A plagiarizing. —
Pla'gia-rist ( -rist ), n. One who plagiarizes.

— Pla'gia-rize (-riz), v. t. & i. To steal from
the writings of another.

Plague (plag), n. Calamity ; vexation ; a conta-
gious, malignant disease ; pestilence. — v. t.
[Plagued ( plagd ) ; Plaguing.] To vex; to
tease ; to infest with disease, calamity, or evil.

— Pla'guer, n.— Pla'guy (pla'gy), a. Vexa-
tious; tormenting. — Pla'gui-ly, adv.

Plaice (plas), n. A food fish, allied to the floun-
der.

a Pivot

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PLAID

318

PLATFORM

Plaid (plSd ; in Scot, plad), n. A parallelogram of
variegated clotli, worn in Scotland ; tartan. —
a. Having a pattern like a Scotch plaid ; marked
with bars or stripes crossing one another.

Plain (plan), a. Without elevations or depres-
sions ; flat ; open ; clear ; simple ; without or-
nament ; homely ; unsophisticated ; common ;
not rich ; downright ; unreserved ; distinct ;
obvious; apparent. — adv. In a plain manner.

— n. Level land ; field of battle. — v. t.
[Plained (pland); Plaining.] To level; to
explain. — Flain'ly, adv. — Plain'ness, n.

Plaint (plant), n. Audible expression of sorrow ;
lamentation; complaint; sad or serious song.

— Plain'tiff (plan'tn), n. One who begins a
lawsuit ; — opposed to defendant. — Plain'tive
(-ttv), a. Containing a plaint, or expression of
sorrow ; indicating grief ; pathetic ; sad.

Plait (plat ; colloq. plet), n. A fold ; a doubling
(of cloth) ; a pleat ; a braid (of hair or straw).

— v. t. To fold ; to double in narrow folds ; to
braid ; to plat ; to entangle ; to involve.

Plan (plan), n. Draught or form; thing drawn
on a plane ; a method of action or procedure ;
a scheme ; a plot ; a design. — v. t. [Planned
(plSirl); Planning.] To scheme ; to contrive.

Planch'et (plauch'ei), n. A flat piece of metal ;
a disk ready to be stamped as a coin.

Plane (plan), n. A tree of various species; the
sycamore ; buttonwood.

Plane (plan), a. Without elevations or depres-
sions ; even ; level ; flat. — n. A plane sur-
face ; a carpenter's tool for smoothing boards
or other surfaces,
for forming mold-
ings, etc. — v. t. -

make smooth ; to
free from inequal-
ities of surface. — Plan'er (plan'er), n.

Plan'et (plaVgt), n. A celestial body revolving
about tlie sun. — Plan'e-ta'ri-um (plan'e-ta'rT-
0i»), n. A mechanical device representing the
motions and orbits of the planets ; an orrery. —
Plan'et-a-ry (plSn'St-a-if ), a. Pertaining to,
consisting of, under the influence of, or pro-
duced by, planets.

Plan'lsh (planish), v. t. To smooth (a metallic
surface) by light blows with a hammer.

Plan'i-sphere (plXn'T-sfer), n. A sphere projected
upon a plane, showing the position or the
heavens, rising and setting of stars, etc.

Plank (plSnk), n. A broad piece of sawed timber,
thicker than a board; support; bridge; item
In a political "platform." — v. t. [Planked
(plankt); Planking.] To cover or lay with
plunks ; to lay down upon a plank ; to produce
(a wager, or cash).

Pla'no-con'cave (pla'n*-kon'kav), a. Flat on
one ride, concave on the other. — Pla'no-con'-
V6X (kon'vfiks), a. Plane or flat on one side,
and convex on the other.

Plant (plant), ?>. A vegetable; an organized liv-
n Ing, when complete, a root, stem,
and leaves; fixtures necessary to carry on a me-
chanical business.— v. t. To put (seed, young
etc.) In the ground for growth ; to settle ;
'" e tahW I, ; to introduce. — Plant'er, v. —
Plantation (plan-t5'shBn), v. A planting;
a place planted and cultivated ; estate ; colony.

Jack Plane.

A low, flowering herb,
A tropical, perennial,

Plantain.

Plan'tain (plan'tan), n.
originally from Europe.

Plan'tain (plan'tan), n.
treelike herb ; also,
its fruit, resembling
the banana, and edi-
ble when cooked.

Plan-ta'tion, Plant'er.
See under Plant, n.

Plan'ti-grade (plSn'ff-

grad), n. An animal

that walks on the sole

of the foot, as the

bear or man. — a.

Walking on the sole

of the foot.
Plaque (rlak), n. A flat

and thin decorative

plate or tablet, to be

hung on a wall ; a

brooch worn on the

person.
Plash (plash), n. Puddle; dash of water; splash.

— v. t. & %. [Plashed (plXsht) ; Plashing.]
To dabble ; to splash ; to sprinkle. — Plash'y,
a. Watery ; abounding in puddles.

Plash (plXsh), v. t. To lop off, bind, or cut, and
intertwine the branches of (a hedge, etc.). — n.
Branch of a tree, partly cut, and bound to other
branches.

Plasm (plXz'm), n. A mold ; a matrix ; a plasma.

Plas'ma (plXz'rna), n. A kind of quartz used for
engraved ornaments ; viscous material of an
animal or vegetable cell, from which tissues are
formed ; protoplasm.

Plas'ter (plas'ter), n. An external application,
harder than an ointment, to be applied to the
body; composition of lime, water, sand, etc.,
for coating walls, making moldings or orna-
ments, etc. — v. t. [Plastered (-terd), Plas-
tering.] To cover with plaster; to smooth
over ; to conceal the defects of. — Plas'ter-er,
n. — Plas'ter-ing, n. Plaster work of a build-
ing : covering of plaster.

Plas'tic (plXs'tTk), a. Giving form or fashion ;
capable of being molded or modeled. — Plas-
ticity (plXs-tTs'T-ty), ft.

Plat (plXt), v. t. [Platted ; Platting.] To form
by interweaving ; to weave ; to braid. — n. In-
terwoven or braided work ; a plait.

Plat (plSt), n. A small piece of ground (usually
flat) laid out with some design. — v. t. To lay
out (ground) in plats.

Plate (plat), n. A flat piece of metal ; wrought
gold or silver ; metallic ware overlaid with
gold, silver, etc. ; shallow vessel to hold food
at table ; piece of metal on which anything is
engraved ; impression from an engraved piece
of metal ; page of stereotype for printing from.

— V. t. To coat with metal. — Plate'ful (plaf-
ful), n. Enough to fill a plate. — Plate glass.
Fine glass, cast in thick plates, for mirrors,
luge windows, etc.

Plateau' (pla-to'), n. A broad, level area of
l;md ; a table-land.

Plat'en (plXt'gn), n. The flat part of a printing
press, typewriter, machine tool, etc.

Plat'fornV (plXt'fSrm'), n. A floor of timber or
boards; an elevated standing place; the dec-
laration of principles upon which a person,
party, sect, etc., takes a stand.

u, 5, 1, 5, Q, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, ft, yf Bhort ; senate, Svent, idea, &bey, tlnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

PLATINA

319

PLOD

Flat'i-na (plat'i-na or pla-te'na), Plat'i-num
(-uuin), n. A ductile and malleable metallic
element, between gold and silver in value, and
the heaviest and least expansible of the metals.

Plat'i-tude (plSt'I-tud), n. Flatness ; insipidity ;
a weak or empty remark.

Pla-ton'ic (pla-tonTk), Pla-ton'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to Plato or to his philosophy or
opinions. — Platonic love. Spiritual affection
subsisting between the sexes, unmixed with
carual desires. — Pla'tO-nlsm (pla'to-nlz'ui), n.
Philosophy 01 PI ito and his followers.

Pla-tOOn' (pla-tobu'), n. Half of a company of
sol Hers.

Plat tsr (plaVter), n. Large, shallow dish, for food
attible.

Plau'dit (pla/dTt), n. Expression of applause;
acclamation ; approbation. — Plau'di-tO-ry (-di-
to-ry), a. Applauding ; commending.

Plau'sl-ble (pla/zi-b'l), a. Fitted to gain favor
or approbation ; superficially pleasing ; appar-
ently right ; specious. — Plau'si-blV, adv. —
Plau'si-ble-ness, Plau'si-bil'i-ty (-oll'l-ty), n.

Play (pla), v. i. [Played (plaJ) ; Playing.] To
sport ; to frolic ; to trifle ; to contend in a
game ; to gamble ; to perforin on a musical in-
strument ; to move with alternate or recipro-
cating motion ; to operate ; to act a part upon
the stage or in any p irticular character. — v. t.
To put in action ; to perform music upon ; to
act by representing a character. — n. Motion ;
movemeut, regular or irregular ; freedom or
room for motion ; scope ; amusement ; game ;
employment. — Play' er (pla'er), n. — Play'-
ful (-ful), a. Sportive. — Playfully, adv. —
Play'ful-ness, n. — Playbill', n. A printed
advertisement of a pi ly, with parts assigned to
the actors. — Play'day', n. A day given to di-
version ; a holiday.— Play'f el-low, Play'mate',
n. A companion in amusements or sports. —
Playhouse', n. A theater. — Plaything', n.
A tiling that serves to amuse ; a toy. — Play'-
Wright' (-rif), n. A maker of plays.

HPla za (pla'za ; Sp. pla'tha), n. A public square
in a city.

Plea (pie), n. What is advanced in support of a
cause in court ; a lawsuit ; an excuse ; an apol-
ogy ; an entreaty.

Plead (plel), v. i. & I. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded
{colloq. Plead (plgd) or Pled) ; p. pr. Plead-
ing.] To argue in support of a claim, or in de-
fense against another ; to urge ; to supplicate.

Please (plez), v. t. [Pleased (plezd) ; Pleasing.]
To give pleasure to; to gratify. — v. i. To be
pleased ; to like ; to choose ; to prefer. — Pleas'-
er (plez'er), n. — Pleas'ing, a. Giving pleasure
or satisfaction ; gratifying ; grateful ; pleas-
urable. — Pleas'ant (plez'ant), a. Fitted to
please; enlivening; gay; gratifying; sportive.

— Pleas'ant-ly, adv. — Pleas'ant-ness, n. —
Pleas'ant-ry (-ry), n. Gayety ; raillery ; liveli-
ness ; a sprightly saying ; lively talk. — Pleas'-
Ure (plezh'ur), n. Gratification ; agreeable sen-
sations or emotions ; enjoyment ; satisfaction ;
comfort ; joy; will ; choice ; purpose ; command.

— Pleas'ur-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Pleasing; afford-
ing gratification. — Pleas'ur-a-bly, adv.

Pleat (plet), v. t. To plait.

Ple-be'ian ( ple-be'yan ), a. Of or pertaining to

the common people ; vulgar. — n. One of the

common people.

LPle'bis-ci'tum (ple'bTs-si'tuin), iiPleVl-i

(plel/i-sit), n. Law enacted by the common

people ; vote by universal suffrage.
Pled (pled), imp. & p. p. of Plead.
Pledge (plej), n. A pawn ; a security for a debt

or engagement ; wish of health to another. — ■

v. I. [Pledged (plejd) ; Pledgisg.] To deposit

as security ; to promise ; to uriuk tne health of.
Pledg'et (plej'et), n. A surgeon's compress, or

tent of lint over a wound.
Ple'iad (ple'yad), n. One of the Pleiades. —

Ple'ia-des ( ple'ya-dez ), n. pi. Seven stars

clustered in the constellation Taurus, in the

Milky Way.
Ple'na-ry (ple'na-r^), a. Full ; entire ; com-

plete. — Ple'na-ri-ly, adv. — Fle'na-ri-ness, n.
Ple-nip'O-tent (ple-nlp'o-teut), a. Poasestmg lull

power. — Ple-nip'o-tence (-t€ns), Ple-nip'o-
ten-cy (-ten-sy ),ji. — Plen'i-po-ten ti-a-ry

(plen'i-po-ten'si.I-a-ry ), n. One having lull
power to transact a business ; an einbas&aaor at
a foreign court furnished with full power. — a.
Containing full power.

Plen'i-tUde (plen'I-tud), n. Fullness ; complete-
ness ; repletion.

Plen'ty (plen'ty), n. Full supply ; enough and
to spare ; copiousness ; abundance. — a. Plen-
tiful. — Plen'te-OUS (-te-us), a. Containing or
having plenty ; well provided for ; abundant ;
full; fruitful. — Plen'te-ous-ly, adv. — Flen'-
te-OUS-ness, n. — Plen'ti-fuK-tl-lul), a. Con-
taining plenty; aflording ample supply; exu-
berant; fruitful. — Plen ' ti - ful - ly, adv. —
Plen'ti-ful-ness, n.

Ple'O-nasm (ple'o-naz'm), n. Use of more words
than are necessary to express an idea. — Fle'O-
nas'tic (-nas'tik), Ple'o-nas'tic-al (-tl-kai), a.
Redundant.

Pleth'O-ra (pleth'6-ra), n. Over-fullness ; excess
of blood ; repletion. — Ple-thor'ic Q le-thSr'Ik
or pleth'6-rtk), a. Evincing plethora.

Pleu'ra (plu'ra), n. ; pi. L. Pleurae (-re), E.
Pleuras (-raz). Serous membrane lining the
thorax, and investing the lungs. — FleU'ri-sy
(-rT-sy), n. Inflammation of the pleura, with
fever, difficult respiration, and cough. — Pleu-
rit'lc (piu-rlt'ik), Pleu-rit'ic-al (-I-kal), n. Per-
taining to, or diseased with, pleurisy. — Pleu'-
ro-pneu-mo/ni-a (plu'r6-nu-mo'nT-a), n. An
inflammation of the pleura and lungs.

Plex'i-form (pleks/i-f6rm), a. Like network;
complicated.

Pli'a-Dle (pll'a-b'l), a. Capable of being plied or
bent ; easily yielding: ; flexible ; limber. — Pli'-
a-ble-ness, Pli'a-bil'i-ty (-bTi'l-ty), n.

Pli'ant (pli'ont), a. Capable of plying or bend-
ing ; easily bent ; easy to be persuaded ; lithe ;
limber ; docile ; obsequious. — Pli'ant-ness,
Pli'an-cy (-^m-sj), v.

Pli'cate (pll'kat), Pli'ca-ted (-ka-ted), a. Plait-
ed ; folded like a fan.

Pli'ers (plFerz), n. pi. Pinchers for holding and
bending small objects.

Plight (plit), n. Pledge ; secu-
rity ; exposed condition ; dan-
gerous state. — v. t. To pledge
(faith, honor, troth) ; to prom- Pliers,

ise ; to engage.

Plinth (plinth), n. The square member at the
base of n column.

Plod (p!5d), v. i. [Plodded; Plodding.] To

fern, recent, dro, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, 6ing, ink, then, thin.

PLODDER

320

PLY

travel steadily ; to toil ; to drudge ; to study
heavily. — ». t. To tread, with heavy step —
Flod'der (plod'der), n.

Plot (plot), n. Plat ; small extent of ground ;
draught of a field or tract of land, drawn to
scale ; complot ; complicated scheme, strata-
gem, or intrigue ; plan of a play, novel, poem,
etc. — v. i. & t. [Plotted ; Plotting.] To de-
vise ; to plan ; to delineate. — Plot'ter, n.

Plough (plou), n. See Plow.

Plov'er (pluv'er), n. A game bird frequenting
banks of rivers and the seashore ; the sandpiper.

Plow (plou), Plough, n. Agricultural implement
for turning up the soil ; joiner's instrument for

Erring ; knife for trimming paper. — v. t. & i.
3wbd ( ploud ) or Ploughed ; Plowing or
ughing.] To trench and turn up with a plow.
— Plow'er (plou'er), Plough'er, n. — Plow'a-
ble, Plough'a-ble, «. — PloWboy', Plough'-
boy, PLow'man, Plough/man, n. One who
plows ; a rustic ; a countryman. — Plow'shar©7
(-sbaV), Plougfl'sh.are', n. The part of a plow
cutting the ground at the bottom of the furrow.
Pluck (pluk), r. /. & i. [Plucked (plukt) ; Pluck-
ing.] To pull suddenly ; to snatch ; to twitch ;
to strip by plucking. — n. A plucking; pull;
the heart, liver, and lungs of an animal; in-
domitableness ; courage ; fortitude ; nerve. —
PlUCk'er (pluk'er), n. -Pluck'y (-$'), a Hav-
ing resolute and enduring courage ; spirited.
Plug (plug), n. A stopper of a hole ; a stopple ;
a Hat cake of pressed tobacco.— v. t. [Plugged
(plugd); Plugging.] To stop with a plug; to
make tight by stopping a hole.
Plum ^lum), n. Edible stone fruit of a tree of
many varieties ; the tree itself ; a raisin ; a
handsome fortune ; the sum of £100,000, or its

Plum'age (plum'Sj), n. The plumes or feathers
which cover a bird.

Plumb (plum), n. A leaden weight at-
tached to a line, used to indicate a verti-
cal direction ; plummet. — a. Perpen-
dicular. — adv. Perpendicularly. — ?•. t.
To adjust by a plumb line; to examine
-ts; to sound. — Plumb line. A
plummet; aline directed to the center
of gravity of the earth. — Plumb rule.
A Banow board with a plumb lino, need
by builders. — Plumber (pluin'er), n.
Worker in lead, e<-p. in pipes for drain-
age, etc. — Plumb'er-y. n. Work done

lumber. — Plumb'lng, n. Work piTimb

in )f.-i<l. etc. • arrangement of pipes, etc. Rule.
— Plum-ba'gOfl'irim-ba'c!1.). w. Graph-
ite — Plum-bag'1-nous (-layT-nus), a. Re-
sembling or containing plumbago.

Plume (plum), n. Feather of a bird, esp. a large
feather worn as an ornament ; token of honor,
stateliness, etc. — v. t. [Plumed ( plumd ) ;
Pluming.] To adjust the feathers of ; to pride ;
to value; to boast. — Plum'y (plum'y), a.
Adorned with plumes. — Plu'mi-ped (plu'mi-
pe"d), a. Having feet covered with feathers.—
n. A bird having feathers on its feet.
Plum'met (pliiin'inet), n. Piece of lead attached
to a line, for sounding the depth of water, or to
determine a perpendicular or (with a square)
a horizontal line.
Plump (plump), a. Fat ; sleek ; full ; blunt ; un-
reserved ; fleshy. — v. t. &■ i. [Plumped (pluint) ;
Plumping.] To swell out ; to fatten ; to drop
heavily. — adv. At once ; suddenly.
Plum'y, a. See under Plume, n.
Plun'der (plun'der), v. I. [Plundered (derd);
Plundering.] To take the goods of by force ;
to pillage ; to despoil ; to sack ; to strip ; to rob.
— n. Pillage; prey; spoil. — Plun'der-er, n.
Plunge (plunj), v. t. & i. [Plunged (plunjd) ;
Plunging (plun'jing).] To dip suddenly, into
water, etc. ; to pitch headlong. — n. A plun-
ging ; a dive. — Plun'ger (plun'jer), n. One
who plunges ; a long cylinder, used as a forcer in
pumps. —Plunger pump. A pump which acts
upon the water
by a plunger, in-
stead of a piston.
Plu'per'iect (plu'-
per'fgkt), a.
More than per-
fect ; — said of a
tense of a verb
denoting that an
action took
place previous to
another past ac-
tion.
Plu'ral (plu'ral),
a. Containing
more than one.
— Plu'ral-ly, adv. In a sense implying more
than one. — Plu'ral-lst, n. Clergyman who
holds more than one benefice. — Plu-ral'i-ty
(-r511-ty), n. A consisting of more than one ;
greater number. — Plurality of votes. Ex-
cess of votes for one individual over those cast
for any one of several competing candidates.
Plus (plus), a. & adv. More, required to be
added. — Plus sign. Mathematical sign [-+-]
which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.
Plush (plush), n. Cloth with velvet nap or shag

on one side.
Plu'tO-crat ( plu'to-krat ), n. One powerful
through his wealth. — Plu-toc'ra-cy (,} 1 u-tcVra-
6$), n. Government by the rich ; controlling
class of rich men. — Plu'to-crat'ic (plu'tii-krXf-
Ik), a. — Plu-t0l'0-gy (iilu-tol'o-jy), U. Science
of wealth.
Plu'vi-al (plu'vT-ol), Plu'vi-OUS (-us), a. Abound-
ing in rain ; rainy. — Plu vi-am'e-ter ( am'e-
ter). Plu'vi-om'e-ter (-5m'e-ter). n. An instru-
ment showing the quantity of rainfall in a
given time ; a rain (range.
Ply (pH), v. t. [Plied (plid) : Plying.] To
urge ; to importune ; to keep busy ; to press ;
to force. — r. i. To work steadily or with per-
tinacity ; to make regular trips. — n. A fold;
plait ; torn , direction ; bias.

Plunger Pump, a Plunger.

K» e, i, u, u, long , &,£,!, 5, a, y, »hort , seuate, event, idea, obey finite, care, arm, ask, ali, final,

PNEUMATIC

321

POLEMIC

Pocketknife. A Scale ; B Spring
C Tang of Blade ; D Kick.

Pneu-mat'ic (nu-maVTk), Pneu-mat'ic-al (-T-

kul), a. Consisting of, resembling, pertaining
to, or moved by, air ; fitted to contain air. —
Pneu-mat'ics (-Tks), n. Science of the me-
chanical properties of air and other elastic
fluids. — Pneu'ma-tol'O-gy (nu'ina-t51'6-jy), n.
Science of air and elastic fluids ; doctrine of
spiritual existences.

Pneu-mo'ni-a (nu-mo'uT-a), n. Inflammation of
the lungs. — Pneu-mon'ic (-nion'ik), a. Per-
taining to the lungs; pulmonary. — n. Medi-
cine for the lungs.

Poach (poch), v. t. [Poached (pocht) ; Poach-
ing.] To cook (eggs) by breaking them into
boiling water ; to rob of game ; to plunder. —
v. t. To steal game. — Poach'er (poch'er), n.

— Poach'y (poch'y), a. Wet ; soft ; marshy.
Pock (pok), n. Pustule raised on the body by

smallpox, etc. —Pock hole or mark. Pit made
by smallpox. — Pock'y, a. Marked with pocks
or pustules.

POCk'et (pfik'St), n. Small bag, esp. one inserted
in a garment ; pouch ; body of ore deposited in
a cavity by itself ; hole containing water. —
v. t. [Pocketed; Pocketing.] To put, or
conceal, in the pocket ; to take clandestinely. —
Pock'et-book' (-book'), n. Small case for car-
rying papers in «
the pocket. — ^r
Pock'et-kniie'
(-nif'),ra. Knife
with blades
which fold into
the handle so
as to be carried in the pocket.

Pock'y, a. See under Pock, n.

Pod (pod), n. A capsule of a plant, esp
ume ; a dry dehiscent fruit. — v. i.
[Podded; Podding.] To swell; to
fill ; to produce pods.

Po'em (pS'Sm), n. Metrical composition ;

— opposed to p~ose. — Po'e-sy (-e-sy),
n. Art of composing poems ; metrical
composition. — Po'et (-et), n. Author
of a poem ; imaginative thinker or
writer. — Po'et-633, n. A female poet.

— Po-et'ic(-e-t'Ik), Po-et'ic-al (-T-kal),
a. Pertaining or suitable to, or ex-
pressed in, poetry ; having the beauties Pod.
of poetry. — Po-et'ic-al-ly, adv. — Po7-

et-ize (po'St-iz), v. i. To compose verse. —
Po'et-ry (-ry), n. Expressions of thought and
feeling suitable to the imagination when ex-
cited ; metrical composition ; verse.

Poh (po), inter j. Pish! pshaw! — an exclama-
tion of disgust.

Poign'ant (poin'ant), a. Stimulating to the
organs of taste ; acutely painful ; sharp ; keen ; t
satirical ; bitter. — Poign'an-cy (-an-sy), n.

Point (point), n. That which pricks or pierces ;
sharp end ; mark made by the end of a piercing
instrument ; indefinitely small space ; mere j
spot ; small promontory or cape ; moment ; in-
stant; degree; rank; position in argument or ,
discourse ; pith or gist of an expression ; lively I
turn of thought ; geometrical position, without !
length, breadth, or thickness ; character mark-
ing the divisions of a sentence ; object ; end. —
v. t. To give a point to ; to sharpen ; to aim ; i
to direct attention toward ; to mark (a sen- j
tence) with marks of punctuation ; to punctu-

ate ; to indicate the aim or purpose of ; to in-
dicate (game) by a fixed look. — v. i. To direct
the finger toward an object; to show distinctly :
to fill joints of a wall with mortar. — Polnt'ed
(point/ed), a. Having a point ; keen ; satirical ;
direct. — Point'ed-ly, adv. — Point' er, n. Any-
thing that points ; hand of a timepiece ; variety

Pointer.

of dog, trained to point out game to sportsmen ;
one of the two stars in the Great Bear, the
line between which points to the north star. —
Pointless, a. Having no point ; blunt ; ob-
tuse ; dull ; stupid. — Point'-blank' (-blank'),
a. Aimed directly toward the mark ; direct ;
plain ; express. — adv. Directly.
Poise (poiz), n. Weight ; balance ; equilibrium.

— i'. t. [Poised (poizd) ; Poising.] To make
of equal weight ; to balance ; to weigh.

Pol'son (poi'z'n), n. Any substance noxious to
life or health ; venom ; ruin ; malignity. — v. t.
[Poisoned (-z'nd) ; Poisoning.] To infect with
poison ; to attack, injure, or kill, by poison ; to
corrupt the character or happiness of. — Poi'-
SOn-er, n. — Poi'son-OUS (-us), a. Corrupting ;
impairing soundness or purity.

Poke (pok), n. Bag ; pocket ; long, wide sleeve.

Poke (pok), v. t. [Poked (pokt); Poking.] To
thrust against ; to push with anything pointed ;
to feel for with a long instrument. — v. i. To
grope, as in the dark ; to dawdle ; to move
slowly. — • n. A poking ; thrust ; a lazy or stu-
pid person ; a kind of yoke, to prevent unruly
beasts from breaking through fences. — Pok'et
(pok'er), n. One who, or that which, pokes ;
bar to stir a fire.

Poke (pok), n. A North American herb, bearing
purple, jui'-y berries.

Pok'er (pok'er), n. A game of cards.

Pok'er (pok'er), n. Any frightful object ; spook ;
bugbear.

Pole (pol), n. A citizen of Poland ; Polander. —
Pol'ish (polish), a. Pertaining to Poland, its
people, etc. — n. Language of the Poles.

Pole (pol), n. Extremity of an_axis, esp. of the
earth's axis ; sky. — Polar (po'ler), a. Pertain-
ing to the poles. — Po-lar'i-ty (po-lar'T-t^), n.
Tendency to the pole. — Po'lar-ize (po'ler-iz),
v . t. To communicate polarity to. — Po'lar-i-
za'tion (-T-za'shun), n. A polarizing.

Pole (pol), n. A long, slender piece of wood ; a
rod ; a measure of length of 5£ yards ; a perch.

— v. t. [Poled (pold) ; Poling.] To support or
move by polps.

Pole'cat' (poi'-
k5f),7i. A car-
nivorous mam-
mal, allied to -pL i
the weasel, >m

which exhales «^^

a disagreeable
odor. Polecat-

Po-lem'ic (po-lemTk), a. Pertaining to, or given

igrn, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, ttien, thin.

POLEMICAL

322

POMEGRANATE

to, controversy ; disputatious. — n. A disput-
ant. — Po-lem'ic-al (po-lem'i-kal), a. Polemic.
— Po-lem'ics, n. Contest ; controversy, esp. ou
religious subjects.

Pole/Star/ (poi'star'), n. Polaris, or the north
star ; anything which serves as a guide.

Po-lice' (po-le&'), n. An organized force for ad-
ministering civil order, government, etc. —v. t.
To keep in order ; to regulate. — Po-lice'man
(-man), n. One of the police.

Pol'i-cy (p51'T-sy), n. ; pi. Policies (-siz). Meth-
od by which the government and affairs of a
nation or of any institution is administered ;
dexterity of management ; prudence ; wisdom.

Pol'i-cy (p51'T-sy), n. Ticket or warrant for
money in the public funds ; a writing which em-
bodies a contract of insurance.

Pol'ish (pol'ish), a. & n. See under Pole, a
citizen of Poland.

Polish (pol'ish), v. t. [Polished (-Tsht) ; Polish-
ing.] To smooth ; to refine. — ra. Smooth, glos-
sy surface, produced by friction ; refinement ;
elegance of manners. — Pol'Ish-er, n.

Po-lite' (po-lif), a. Elegant in manners ; re-
fined ; well-bred ; courteous ; affable ; civil. —

Po-lite'ly, adv. — Po-lite/ness, n.

Pol'i-tiC (polT-tik), a. Pertaining to a policy;
well devised ; prudent ; sagacious ; discreet ;
wary ; artful ; cunning. — Pol'i-tics, n. Sci-
ence of government ; management of political
parties ; political trickery. — Po-lit'ic-al (p6-
lYf T-kal), a. Pertaining to public policy or to
state affairs; public. — Po-lit'ic-al- ly, adv.—
Pol i-ti'cian (-tTsh'an), n. One versed, in the
science of government ; one devoted to politics
or to the advancement of a political party.

Pol'i-ty (p51T-ty), n. ; pi. Polities (-t!z). Form
or constitution of civil government by which a
state or any institution is organized.

Pol'ka (pol'ka), n. Dance of Polish origin, now
popular everywhere, performed by two persons
in common time ; lively tune for 3uch a dance.

Poll (p51), n. A parrot.

Poll (pol), n. The head, or back part of the
head ; register of heads, that is, of persons ;
entry of the names of electors for civil officers ;
election ; place where an election is held. —v. t.
[Polled (pold) ; Polling.] To remove the poll
or head of ; to clip ; to lop ; to cut closely ; to
enter (polls or persons) in a list or register, for
taxation, voting, etc. ; to enroll ; to deposit or
call forth (votes or voters). — Poll'er (pol'er),
n. — Poll tax. A tax levied by the head or
poll ; capitation tax.

Pollard (p51'lerd), n. A tree having its top cut
Off, that it may throw out branches ; the chub
fish ; a hornless stag or beeve. ■»- v. t. To lop;
to poll (trees).

Pollen (pSl'len), n. Fecundating dust or pow-
der of the anthers of flowers.

Pol'li-wig (p51'lT-wTg), n. A tadpole. [In U. S.

called polliWOg."]
Pol'lock (p51'luk), n. A marine food fish, akin to

the cod.

Pol-lute' (pSl-luf), v. t.
To make foul or un-
clean; to defile; to soil;
to corrupt ; to taint. — Pollock.

Pol-lut'er.n.-pol-lu'-

tion (-lu'shun), n. A polluting; contamina-
tion; taint; impurity.

U:\JU

Po'lo (po'lo), n. A game played by driving a ball
with sticks, the players being mounted on skates
or on ponies.

Po'lo-naise' (po^o-naV), a. Polish. — n. The
Polish language ; Polish robe ; a Polish dance.

Pol-troon/ ( pol - troon ' ), n. An arrant coward ;
a craven ; a dastard. — Pol-tTOOU'er-y (-er-y),».
Cowardice ; baseness.

Pol'y-an'thUS (pol'I-an'thus), n. Bulbous plant,
producing flowers in clusters.

Po-lyg'a-my (po-lTg'a-niy), n. Plurality of wives
or husbands at the same time. — Po-lyg'a-H101lS
(-mils), a. Pertaining to polygamy. — Po-lyg'-
a-mist (-mist), n. One who commits, or advo-
cates, polygamy.

Pol'y-glot (pol'i-glot), a. Containing, pertain-
ing to, or versed in, several languages. — n.
One acquainted with several languages ; a book,
esp. the Scriptures, in several languages.

Pol'y-gon (pol'i-gon), v. A plane figure of many
angles and sides. — Po-lyg'O-
nal (po-lTg'6-nal), a. Hav-
ing many angles.

Pol'y-graph (pol'I-graf ), n. An
instrument for multiplying
copies of a writing. — PcP'
graph'ic (-grgf'Tk), Pol'
grapfiC-al (-t-kal), a. Per- p0lvgons.

taining to polygraphy ; done
with a polygraph. — Po-lyg'ra-phy (p6-l!g'ri-
ff), n. Art of writing in various ciphers.

Pol'y-he'dron (pol'i-heMrSn), n. Solid contained
by many sides or planes. — Pol'y-he'droU3

(-drfis), Pol'y-ne'dral (-droi), Pol'y-hed'ric-al

(-hSd'rT-kal), a. Having many sides.

PoPy-no'mi-al (pol'T-no'nii-al), n. An algebraic
expression composed of two or more terms. —
a. Containing many names or terms.

Pol'yp (pol'ip), n. An aquatic animal of the ra-
diate type, including corals
and sea anemones.

Pol'y-pus (p51'i-pus), n.
E. Polypuses (-5z), L. Polt-
Pi (-pi). Something that has
many feet or roots ; a polyp ;
a tumor with a narrow base,
resembling a pear. — Pol'y-
POUS (-pus), a. Having the Polyp.

nature of the polvpus.

Pol'y-sylla-ble (p'oil-sTFla-b'l), ». A word of
many syllables, that is, of more than three. —
PoPy-syl-lab'ic (-lSb'Tk), Pol'y-syl-laVic-al
(-T-kol), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of,
many syllables.

Pol'y-tech'nic (pol'T-tSk'nTk), a. Comprehend-
ing many arts ; — applied particularly to schools
ot art or science.

Pol'y-the-ism (pol'T-the-Tz'm), n. Doctrine of a
plurality of gods. — Pol'y-ttie-ist (-Tst), n. An
advocate of polytheism. — Pol y-the-is'tic (-Ts'-
tik), Pol'y-the-is'tiC-al (-tl-k«l), a. Pertain-
ing to polytheism.

Pom'ace (pum'is), n. Substance of apples, etc.,
crushed by grinding. — Po-ma'ce0US (po-ma7-
shiis), a. Consisting of apples ; like pomace.

Po-made' (po-mad'), Po-ma'tum (-ma'tum), n.
Perfumed unguent for dressing the hair.

Pome'gran'ate (pfim'grSntt), n. A tree of Ori-
ental origin, also its fruit, large as an orange,
having a hard rind filled with many seeds ; an
ornament resembling a pomegranate.

animal of the ra-

it

a, 5, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, ii, y, short ; senate, «vent, tdea, ftbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

POMIFEROUS

323

PORGY

PO-Xttil'er-OUS (po-mif'er-iis), a. Apple-bearing ;
bearing large fruits, such as melons, pumpkins,
cucumbers, etc.

Pom'mel (pum'mel) , n. A knob ; a ball ; knob
on the hilt of a sword ; protuberant part of a
saddle-bow. — v. t. [Pommeled (-meld) or Pom-
melled; Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat
with something thick or bulky. [Written also
pummel. ]

PO-mol'0-gy (p6-m51'o-jy), n. Science ot fruits,
or of their cultivation. — Po-mol'O-gist (-jist),
n. One interested in pomology. — pVmG-lOG'-
lc-al (po/in6-15j/i-kal), a. Belonging tc po-
mology.

Pomp (pomp), n. Show of magnificence; pa-
rade ; state ; ostentation ; pride. — Pomp'OUS
(poinp'us), a. Displaying pomp \ boa&tlul ;
stately ; lofty. — Pomp'ous-ly, adv. — Pomp7-
ous-ness, Pom-pos'i-ty (poni-posT-ty), n.

Pon'cho (pon'cho), n. Blanket-like cloak worn
by Spanish Americans.

Pond (pond), n.^ A small body of fresh water.

Pon'der (p5n'der), v. I. & i. [Pondered (-derd) ;
Pondering.] To weigh in the mind ; to con-
sider ; to muse; to deliberate. — Pon'der-er, n.

Pon'dor-OUS (pon'der -us), a. Very heavy;
weighty ; momentous. — Pon'der-OUS-ly, adv.
— Pon'der-a-ble (-a-bT), a. Capable of being
weighed. — Pon'der-ance (-ans), Pon'dar-os'i-
ty (-os'T-ty), n. State of being ponderous;
weight; gravity; heaviness.

Pon-gee/ (p5a-je'), n. A durable, thin silk fabric.

Pon'iard (pon'yerd), n. A small dagger. — v. t.
To stab.

Fon'tifl (pon'tlf), n. A high priest ; the
pope. — Pon-tif'ic (-tif'Ik), Pon-tii'ic-
al (-T-kal), a. Belonging to a high
priest or to the pope. — Pon-tif'ic-al,
n. Book of forms used in ecclesias-
tical rites ; pi. dress and ornaments of
a priest, bishop, or the pope. — Pon-
tli'ic-al-ly, a'dv. — Pon-tif'i-cate
(-T-kat), n. Dignity of a high priest ;
dignity or reign of a pope.

Pon-ton' (pon-tobn'), Pon-toon', n. A
portable float; a boat for careening
ships, raising weights, etc. ; a lighter.

Po'ny (po'ny), n. ; pi. Pontes (-niz). Poniard.
Small horse; nag; student's transla-
tion or key ; small glass of liquor. — v. t. & i.
To pay (up) money; to use a key in translation.

Poo'dle (pob'd'l), n. A curly-haired dog.

Pooh (poo), interj.
Pshaw ! pish ! — ex-
pression of scorn or
contempt. — Pooh/—
P00hf (poa'pob'),
v. t. & i. To reject
with disgust.

Pool (pool), n. Small
or still collection of
water ; a puddle.

Pool (pool), n. Stake

played for at games ; Poodle,

commercial venture

by associated investors; combination of finan-
cial ope?ators, or the stock invested by them ;
a common fund. — v. t. & i. To combine in a
common fund or venture.

POOP (poop), n. A high deck at the stern of a
ship. — v. t. To strike upon the stern.

Poor (poor), a. Destitute of property or of desir-
able qualities ; of little worth ; barren ; mean ;
paltry. — Pooray, adv. — Poor'ness, n. —
Poor'house7 (poor'hous7), n. Dwelling for pau-
pp rs ; almshouse ; workhouse.

Pop (pop), n. Small, smart, quick sound or re-
port. — v.i.& t. [Popped (popt) ; Popping.]
To start or burst suddenly. — adv. Suddenly.

Pope (pop), n. Bishop of Rome, head of the Ro-
man Catholic Church. — Popedom (popMum),
n. Dignity or jurisdiction of the pope. — Pop'-
er-y (-er-y), n. Religion of the Roman Catho-
lic Church. — Pop'ish, a. Pertaining to, or
taught by, the pope or the Roman Catholic
Church. — Pop'Ish-ly, adv.

Pop'gun' (pop'gun'), n. A child's air gun.

Pop'in-jay (popTn-ja), n. A parrot ; a mark to
be shot at ; a fop • a coxcomb. •

Pop'ish, etc. See under Pope, n.

Pop'lar (popper), n. A rapidly growing tree,
of several species, with soft wood.

Pop'lin (pop/lin), n. A silk and worsted corded
fabric, for ladies' dresses.

Pop'py (pop/py), n. ; pi. Poppies (-piz). A plant
with showy flowers and milky juice, one species
of which (white poppy) yields opium.

Pop'py-COCk ( poVpy-kSk ), n. Humbug ; false
representation. \Colloq.~\

Pop'U-lace (pSp/u-las), n. The common people ;
the vulgar ; multitude ; commonalty. — Pop'U-
lai (-lei), a. Pertaining or suitable to common
people; easy to be comprehended; familiar;
pleasing to people in general. — Pop'U-lax-ly,
adv. — Pop'U-lar'i-ty (-15r'T-ty), n. — Pop'-
U-lar-ize (-u-ler-iz), v. t. To make common or
popular ; to spread among the people. — Popu-
late (-lat), v. t. To furnish with inhabitants ; to
people. — v. i. To breed people ; to propagate-
— Pop/U-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. A peopling;
multiplication of inhabitants ; whole number of
people in a country. — Pop'U-lOUS (-lus), a.
Containing many inhabitants.

Por'ce-lain ( por'ie-lin ), n. Fine translucent
eartnenware ; china.

Porch (porch), n. A covered entrance way to a-
building.

Por'cine (p6r'sln), a. Pertaining to swine.

Por'cu-pine (p&Vku-pin), n. A rodent quadruped,
having quills which it can erect at pleasure.

Porcupine.

Pore (por), n. Minute orifice in an animal mem-
brane or other body. — Por'ous (por'tis), a.
Pull of pores, interstices, or passages for fluids.
— Por'ous-ly, adv. — Por'ous-ness, Po-ros'i-
ty (po-ros'T-ty), n.

Pore (por), v. i. To look intently; to study (over
or upon).

Por'gy (pQr'gy), n. ; pi. Porgies (-gTz). A salt-
water food fish of several species. [Written also
porgee, porgie, and paugy.~\

fgm, recent, 6rb, rude, f ull, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tliin,

PORK

324

POST

Pork (pork), to. Flesh of swine. — Pork'er (pork'-
er), to. A hog.

Po-ros'i-ty, Por'OUS, etc. See under Pore, to.

Por'phy-ry ( pQr'il-ry ), n. A variously colored
compact rock, containing feldspar crystals. —
Por'phy-rit'iC (-rit'ik), a. Pertaining to, or
consisting of, porphyry.

Por'poise (pSr'pus), to. A cetaceous mammal ;
a dolphin.

Por'ridge (por'rij), to. Food made by boiling
vegetables in water, with or without meat.

Por'rin-ger (p5r'rin-jer), to. A vessel for warm-
ing porridge or other liquids.

Port (port), to. Harbor ; haven ; shelter for ships ;
dark astringent wine made in Portugal; pas-
sageway ; gate ; door ; opening in the side of a
ship, etc., or the lid closing such an opening. —
Por'ter (por'ter), to. One in charge of a door or
gate ; a doorkeeper.

Port (port), to. The larboard or left side of a ship.
—v. t. To put (the helm) to the left.

Port (port), to. Bearing ; carriage ; demeanor ;
behavior ; deportment, —v. t. To hold (a mus-
ket, etc.) in a position crossing the body diag-
onally. — Port'a-ble (port'a-b'l), a. Capable of
being carried easily. — Port'a-ble-ness, Port'a-
Dil'i-ty (-bT11-t#), n. — Por'ter, to. A carrier ;
one who carries burdens, messages, etc. ; a
strong malt liquor. — Por'ter-age (-aj), to. Pay-
ment to a porter ; business of a porter. — Port'-
age (-aj), to. A carrying ; price of carriage ;
place where boats, etc., are carried.

Por'tal (por'tal), n. A small door or gate ; a pas-
sageway ; an imposing entrance.

Port-cul/lis (port-kullis), to. Movable framework
for closing a gateway
against the entrance of
an enemy.

Porte (p5rt), to. The gov-
ernment of the Turkish
empire.

IPorte' - co'chere' (p8rf-

ko'shfir'), ». Large door-
way, allowing vehicles to
drive into a building;
porch over a driveway
before an entrance door.

Porte/mon-naie/ (port'mun-
na'), to. A pocketbook;
wallet for carrying money.

Por-tend' (pQr-tend'), v. t. To foreshow ; to be-
token ; to forbode ; to threaten. — Portent'
(-tSnf), to. That which portends or foretokens ;
omen of ill. — Por-tent'OUS (-us), a. Serving
to portend ; foreshadowing ill ; ominous. — Por-
tent'ous-ly, adv.

Por'ter, to. See under Port, harbor.

Por'ter, Por'ter-age, n. See under Port, bearing.

Port-lol'io (port-fol'yS
or -fo'll-o), to. A
portable case, for
loose papers ; the of-
flce of a minister of

vt.ite.

Port'hole/ (porfhol'),

n. An opening for a
gun in a ship's Ride.
Por'tl-CO (por'tT-kS),
n. A colonnade ; a
covered space at the
entrance of a building.

Portcullis.

HPor'tiere' (poVtyar'), to. A curtain over a door-
way.

Por'tion (por'shun), to. A part of anything; a
part assigned ; allotment ; a wife's fortune. —
v. t. To separate into portions ; to divide ; to
parcel ; to supply with a portion ; to endow. —
Por'tion-er, to.— Por'tion-less, a. Having no
portion ; poor.

Port'ly (port'ly), a. Having a dignified port or
nrien ; bulky ; corpulent. — Forfli-ness, to.

Port-man'teau ( port - man ' to ), n. A traveler's
hand bag for clothes, etc.

Por-tray' (por-tra'), v. t. [Portrayed (-trad') ;
Portraying.] To paint the likeness of ; to de-
scribe in words. [Written also pourtray.~\ —

Por-tray'er, to. — Por-tray'al, n. a portraying.

— Por'trait (por'trat), n. A likeness of a per-
son. — Por'trai-ture (-tr£-tur), to. A portrait ;
the drawing of portraits.

Por'tress (por'tres), to. A female porter.

Pose (poz), to. Attitude assumed for effect. —
v. t. [Posed (pozd); Posing.] To bring to a
stand ; to halt ; to place (a model for a painting,
statue, etc.) in an effective position, —v. i. To
assume (a studied attitude, a fixed character,
etc.); to attitudinize. — Pos'er (roz^er), n. —
Po-Si'tion (po-zish'un), to. Manner or place in
which a person or thing is placed ; ground taken
in argument, etc. ; proposition to be reasoned
out ; thesis ; place in society ; social rank.

Pose (poz), v. t. To question with a view to puz-
zling; to embarrass by scrutiny ; to interrogate
rigidly. — Pos'er (poz'er), to. One who puzzles
by difficult questions; a question, statement,
etc., which puzzles or silences.

Pos'i-tive (p5z'I-ti v), a. Certain ; real ; actual ;
explicit ; decisive ; confident. — to. Reality ; a
word that asserts existence ; a picture corre-
sponding in lights and shades with the original,
instead of being reversed. — Pcs'i-tlve-ly, adv.

— Pos'i-tive-ness, to. — Pos'i-tiv-ism (-Tz'm),
TO. A philosophical system dealing with natural
phenomena or properties of knowable things,
excluding consideration of causes.

llPos'se com'i-ta'tns (pos'se kom'T-ta'tfis). Power
of the county ; the body of citizens who may be
summoned to assist in suppressing a riot, etc.

Pos-sess' (pSz-zes' or pSs-sgs'), v. I. [Possessed
(-zSsf or -sSst') ; Possessing.] To occupy in per-
son ; to have ; to hold ; to own. — Pos-sess'or
(-er), n. — Pos-ses'sion (-zg6h'un or -seWun),
to. A possessing ; occupancy ; ownership ; thing
which one owns or controls. — Pos-sess'ive
(-Tv), a. Pertaining to, having, or expressing,
possession or relation of one thing to another. —
Pos-sess'O-ry (-so-ry), a. Relating to a pos-
sessor, or to possessions ; having possession.

Pos'set (pos'sSt), n. Milk curdled by wine, etc.

— v. t. To curdle ; to turn.

Pos'sl-ble ( pos'sT-b'l ), a. Liable to happen ;
likely ; barely able to come to pass, bit im-
probable. — Pos'si-oly, adv. — Pos'si-bil'I-ty

(-bYl'i-ty), to.
Post (post), to. A piece of timber or other solid
substance, set upright ; a pillar ; place at which
anything is stayed or fixed ; station ; position
of service, trust, or emolument ; messenger who
goes from station to station ; letter carrier ;
postman ; established conveyance for letters ;
mail ; a size of writing paper. — v. t. To at-
tach (a notice, etc.) to a post or public place ;

h, e, i, 5, u, long ; &,«,!, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, dnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

POSTER

325

POULTICE

to placard ; to advertise ; to assign to a sta-
tion ; to set ; to place ; to send by the post ;
to put in the mail ; to carry (an account) from
the journal to the ledger, in book keeping ; to
acquaint with what has occurred ; to inform. —
Post'er (posfer), n. One who posts ; a courier ;
a placard posted in a public place. — Postage
(-aj), n. Price for conveying matter by post. —
Postage Stamp. Adhesive stamp attached to
articles sent by mail, to pay the postal charge.

— Postal (-al), a. Belonging to the post office
or mail service. — Posthaste7 (post'hasf), n.
Rapid traveling, —adv. With speed; expedi-
tiously. — Post'man (post/man), n. A letter
carrier. — Post' mark' (-mark'), n. A mark
stamped on a letter, showing where and when it
was mailed or posted. — v. t. To mark with
such stamp. — Posfmas'ter (-mas'ter), n. One
in charge of a post office. — Postpaid7 (posf-
pad'), a. Having the postage prepaid. — Post
card, Postal card. Card issued by govern-
ment, on which messages may be sent through
the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a let-
ter. — Post office. Governmental office where
mail matter is received, forwarded, and deliv-
ered ; system of forwarding mail matter.

Postdate7 (post'daf), v. t. To date after the

real time.
Postdi-lu'vi-an (post'dT-lu'vT-an), a. After the

flood in Noah's days. — u. One who lived after

the flood.
Pos-te'ri-OI (pos-te'rT-er), a. Later ; subsequent ;

after. — Pos-te/ri-ors (-erz), n. pi. Hinder

parts of an animal's body. — Pos-teTi-or'i-ty

(-or'I-ty), n. State of being later.
P0S-ter'i-ty (pos-tgr'I-ty), n. A race proceediug

from a progenitor ; descendants.
Pos'tern (pos'tern), n. A back door or gate.
Post'fix (poit/f Iks), it. A letter or syllable added

to a word ; a suffix. — Post-fix' (-f Iks'), v. t.

To add (a letter, syllable, or word) to the end of

another.
Post' haste', n. & adv. See under Post, n.
Posthu-mous (posf hu-mfis), a. Born, published,

or continuing, after one's decease. — Post'hU-

mous-ly, adv.

Pos-tll'ion (pos-tTl'yun), n. A rider of a horse in
the team of a coach, etc.

Post'man, Postmark, Post'mas-ter, etc. See
under Post, n.

P0St'me-rid'i-an (post'me-rldT-an), a. Belong-
ing to the afternoon, — ». Afternoon. (Abbr.
p. M.)

ilPost-mor'tem (post-mortem), a. [L.] After
death. — Post-mortem examination. Exami-
nation of a body after the death of the patient.

Post-pone' (post-pon'), v. t. [Postponee (-pond') ;
Postponing.] To defer to a later time; to put
off ; to adjourn ; to delay ; to retard ; to hinder.

— Post-pone'ment (-ment), n. A deferring.
Postscript (post'skript), n. A paragraph added

to a letter after it is signed ; an addition to a
book, etc., supposed to be finished.
Pos'tU-late (pos'tu-lat), n. A thing demanded or
required ; supposition assumed without proof ;
enunciation of a self-evident problem in geom-
etry, etc. — v. t. To beg or assume without
proof; to take for granted. — Pos'tu-la'tlon
(-la'shun), n. Gratuitous assumption. — Pos'-
tu-la-to-ry (-la-to-r^), a. Assuming or assumed
without proof.

Posture (pos'tur), n. Attitude ; position ; situ-
ation. — v. t. &i. To pose ; to attitudiuize.

Po'sy (po'zy), n. A motto or verse; a nosegay;
a bouquet ; a flower.

Pot (pot), n. Deep vessel for many uses ; mug ;
contents of such a vessel. — v. t. [Potted ;
Potting.] To put in pots. — Potter (potter),
n. Maker of pottery. — Pot hanger, Pof-
hook' (-hd6k'), n. An S-shaped hook on which
pots are hung over the fire. — Potpie', n.
A boiled pie containing meat. — Potsherd'
(-sherd'), n. Fragment of a broken pot. — Pot-
ter-y (-ter-y), n. Ware made by potters ; earth-
enware ; place or business of making earthen
vessels.

Po'ta-ble (po'ta-ble), a. Fit to be drunk ; drink-
able. — Po'ta-ble-ness, n.

Potash (pot'ash), n. Alkaline salt from ashes of
plants ; lye ; pearlash.

Po-ta'tion (po-ta'shiin), n. A drinking ; draught.

Po-ta'to (po-ta't6), n. ; pi. Potatoes (-toz). A
plant of the Nightshade family, and its edible
tuberous root. — Sweet potato. A climbing
plant, allied to the morning - glory, bearing
farinaceous tubers, cooked for food. — Potato
beetle, Potato bug. A beetle very destructive
to potato vines.

Potato Beetles. A Colorado Beetle (Doryphora decern.
lineata) : a Larva ; 6 Pupa ; c Adult Beetle. B Three-
striped Potato Beetle (Lema trilineata). All nat. size.

Potent (po'tent), a. Having great power;
strong ; efficient ; cogent ; influential. — Po'-
tent-ly, adv. — Po'tent-ness, Po'ten-cy (-ten-
s^), n. — Po/ten-tate(-tat), n. One who is po-
tent ; prince ; sovereign ; monarch. — Po-ten'-
tlal (po-ten'shal); a. Existing in possibility, not
in reality. — Po-ten'tlal-ly, adv. — Po-ten'tl-
al'l-ty ( -shT-al'i-ty ), n. — Potential mode.
Form of the verb expressing the power, possi-
bility, liberty, or necessity of an action.

Pot hanger, etc. See under Pot, n.

Poth'er (pSth'er), n. Bustle ; confusion.

Po'tion (po'shiin), n. A draught ; a dose.

Pottage (pot'taj), n. Food made of meat boiled
to softness, usually with vegetables ; thick
soup.

Potter, Pot'ter-y. See under Pot, n.

Potter (p5t'ter), v. i. [Pottered (-terd) ; Pot-
tering.] To busy one's self with trifles; to
labor purposelessly or inefficiently.

Pottle (pot't'l), n. Liquid measure of four pints ;
a small vessel or basket.

Pouch (pouch), n. A small bag ; a purse ; the
crop of a bird ; sac in which marsupials carry
their young. — v. t. [Pouched (poucht) ; Pouch-
ing.] To pocket ; to save.

Pou-chong' (poo-sh3ng'), n. A kind of black tea.

Poult (polt), n. A young chicken, partridge, etc.
— Poul'tfy (pol'tr^), n. Domestic fowls, reared
for the table, or for eggs, feathers, etc. — Poul'-
ter-er (-ter-er), n. One who deals in poultry.

Poul'tice (pol'tis), n. A soft composition applied

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cuair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

POULTRY

326

PRAIRIE MARMOT

to sores, boils, etc. ; cataplasm. — v. t. [Poul-
ticed (-tist) ; Poulticing.] To cover or dress
with a poultice.

Poul'try (pol'try), n. See under Poult, n.

Pounce (pouns), n. Fine powder to prevent ink
from spreading on paper, or used by embroid-
erers in making designs on paper. — v. t<
[Pounced (pounst) ; Pouncing.] To sprinkle
or rub with pounce.

Pounce (pouns), n. Claw or talon of a bird of
prey. — v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with
the claws.

Pound (pound), n. A weight ; 16 ounces avoirdu-
pois, or 12 ounces troy ; British money of ac-
count, worth 20 shillings, or about $4.86. —
Pound'cake7 (pound'kak'), n. Rich sweet cake,
the ingredients of which are used by pounds, or
in equal quantities. — Pound'age (-aj), n. Sum
deducted on each pound, as commission ; allow-
ance to a sheriff, etc., upon the proceeds of an
execution.

Pound (pound), n. A public inclosure for stray
animals. — v. t. To confine in a pound ; to im-
pound.

Pound (pound), v. t. To beat; to strike repeat-
edly ; to pulverize by beating. — Pound'er, n.

Pour (por), v. t. [Poured (pord) ; Pouring.] To
cause a liquid to flow in a stream ; to emit ; to
utter. — v. i. To issue forth in a stream ; to
move impetuously ; to flow.

Pout (pout), n. A sea-fish, of several varieties.

Pout (pout), v. i. To thrust out the lips, as in
sullenness or displeasure ; to look sullen ; to
protrude, —n. A fit of sullenness ; protrusion
of the lips. — Pout'er (pout'er), n. One who
pouts; a variety of pi-
geon, which can greatly
dilate its throat and
breast.

Pov'er-ty (pov'er-ty), n.
Want of means, re-
sources, sentiment, or
words ; penury ; need ;
lack; meagerness; pau-
perism.

Pow'der (pou'der), n. Dry :>
substance in minute par-
ticles ; dust ; explosive
composition of saltpeter,
sulphur, and charcoal,
mixed and granulated ;
gunpowder ; perfumed
dust, used as a cosmetic. — v. I. [Powdered
(-derd) ; Powdering.] To reduce to fine par-
ticles ; to pulverize ; to sprinkle with powder.—
v. ?'. To separate into minute particles. — Pow'-
der-y(-y), a. Easily crumbling to pieces ; dusty.
— Pow'der-flask/ ( - flask ' ), Pow'der horn'
(-li6rn'), 7i. Small utensil for holding gunpow-
der. — Pow'der-mlll' (-mil'), n. Mill in winch
gunpowder is made.

Pow'er (pou'er), n. Ability to act; faculty of
doing ; strength ; force ; energy ; susceptibil-
ity ; influence ; command ; an individual, insti-
tution, or government, which exercises control ;
military or naval force ; army or navy ; product
arising from the multiplication of a number into
itself ; mechanical agent by which force is ap-
plied, or mechanical advantage is gained ; de-
gree to which an optical instrument magnifies ;
legal authority. — PoWer-IUl (-fi.il), a. ¥n\\ of

Pouter.

power; strong; potent; energetic; intense. —
Pow'er-ful-ly, adv. — Pow'er-iul-ness, n. —
Pow'er-less, a. Without power ; weak ; im-
potent. — Pow'er-less-ly, adv. — Pow'er-less-
ness, n. — Power loom, Power press, etc.
Loom, press, etc., driven by machinery, and not
by the hand, foot, etc.

Pow'wow' (pou'wou'), a. Indian priest, or con-
jurer ; conjuration for cure of diseases, etc. ;
a noisy assembly or frolic. — v. i. To use con-
juration ; toassemble tumultuously.

Poy'OU (poi'oo), n. A South American arma-
dillo.

Poyou.

Prac'ti-ca-ble (prak'tT-ka-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing practiced, performed, or accomplished ; ad-
mitting of use, or of being traveled. — Prac'ti-
ca-bly, adv. — Prac'ti-ca-bil'i-ty (-bilT-ty), n.

Prac'ti-cal (prak'tT-kal), a. Pertaining to prac-
tice ; capable of being turned to account ; evin-
cing practice or skill ; derived from practice. —
Prac'ti-cal-ly, adv. — Prac'ti-cal-ness, n.

Prac'tice (prak'tis), n. Customary or constant
use ; actual performance ; action ; art ; strata-
gem ; artifice ; legal form of carrying on suits.

— v. t. [Practiced (-tist) ; Practicing.] To do
frequently ; to use ; to exercise. — v. i. To per-
form certain acts ; to apply theory or knowledge
(in law, medicine, etc.). — Prac'tl-cer (-tT-ser),
n. — Prac-ti'tlon-er (-tish'un-ei), n. One en-
gaged in the exercise of any art or profession,
esp. in law or medicine.

Prag-mat'ic (prag-mat'Tk), Prag-mat'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Over-forward in acting ; officious ;
meddlesome ; impertinent ; fussy. — Prag-mat'-
ic, n. One skilled in business ; a solemn decree
by the head of a state. — Prag-mat'ic-al-ly, adv.

— Prag-mat'ic-al-ness, n.

Pral'rie (pra'ri), n. Extensive tract of land des-
titute of trees, and covered with coarse grass.

—Prairie chicken or grouse. A kind of grouse

Prairie Chicken.

inhabiting the American prairies. — Prairie
dog or marmot. A small burrowing rodent,
found on the prairies, having a sharp bark like

a, e, i, u, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, 6 vent, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PRAIRIE SQUIRREL

327

PRECURSOR

a dog. — Prairie squirrel. A ground squirrel
inhabiting prames ; a gopner. — Prairie wolf.
The coyote.
Praise (praz), n. Commendation for worth ; ob-
ject or reason of praise ; eulogy ; panegyric ;
applause, —v.t. [Praised (prazd) ; Praising.]
To express approbation of ; to laud ; to eulogize ;
to celebrate ; to glorify ; to magnify ; to extol.

— Prais'er, n. — Praise'wor'thy (praz'wuv-
thy), a. Worthy of praise ; commendable.

Prance (prans), v. i. To spring ; to bound ; to
strut about in a showy manner.

Prank (prank), v. t. To adorn in a showy man-
ner ; to dress ostentatiously. — n. Gay or sport-
ive action ; frolic ; freak ; sport. — Prank'ish
(prank'Tsh), a. Full of pranks.

Prate (prat), v. i. & t. To talk much and fool-
ishly. — ra. Talk to little purpose; loquacity;
babble. — Prat'er (prat'er), n.

Prat'tle (prSt't'l), v. i. & t. To prate ; to babble.

— n. Trifling or childish tattle. — Prat'tler, n.
Prawn (pran), n. An edible crustacean, allied to

the shrimp.

HPrax'is (prSksTs), n.
Use ; practice ; exam-
ple to teach practice.

Pray (pra), v. i. & I.
[Prayed (prad) ; Pray-
ing.] To ask earnestly ;
to entreat; to suppli-
cate ; to beg ; to implore. Prawn

— Pray'er (pra'er), n.

One who prays ; supplicant. — Prayer (pr&r), n.
A praying or asking a favor ; earnest memorial ;
form of words used in praying; petition; en-
treaty; suit; request. — Prayer book. Book
containing forms of devotion, public or private.

— Prayer'f ul, a. Given to prayer ; devotional.
Preach, (prech), v. i. & t. [Preached (precht) ;

Preaching.] To discourse publicly on a reli-
gious subject. — Preacb/er (prech'er), n.

Pre/ad-mon,ish (pre/Sd-mon'Tsb), v. t. To ad-
monish previously. — Pre-ad'mo-ni'tion (pre-
Sd'mo-nTsh'un), n. Previous warning.

Pre'am/ble(pre,5ni/b,l),». Introduction; preface.

PreVend (preVend), n. Stipend allowed from
the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church —
Pre-ben'dal (pre-ben'dal), a. Pertaining to a
prebend. — Preb'en-da-ry (-da-ry), n. Clergy-
man who enjoys a prebend in consideration of
his officiating at stated times.

Pre-ca'ri-OUS (pre-ka'rT-us), a. Depending on the
will of another ; held by courtesy or by a doubt-
ful tenure ; unsettled ; dubious ; equivocal. —
Pre-ca'ri-ous-ly, adv. — Preca'ri-ous-ness, n.

Pre-cau'tion (pre-ka'shim), n. Previous caution
or care ; measure taken beforehand to ward off
evil or secure success. — Pre-cau'tion-al (-erl),
Pre-cau'tion-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Preventive of mis-
chief.

Pre-cede' (pre-sed'), v. t. To go before. — Pre-
cedence (-ens), Pre-ced'en-cy (-en-sy), n. An-
tecedence ; priority ; preference ; superiority.

— Pre-ced'ent (-ent), a. Going before ; pre-
ceding ; antecedent. — Pre-ced'ent-ly, adv. —
Prec'e-dent (prgs'e-dent), n. Something done
or said that may authorize a subsequent act of
like kind ; preceding circumstance ; prognostic.

Pre-cen'tor (pre-sen'ter), n. The leader of a

cathedral choir.
Pre'cept (pre'sgpt), n. Commandment or order as

an authoritative rule of action ; injunction ; man-
date ; law ; doctriue ; maxim. — Pre-cep'ttve
(pre-sep'civ), a. Giving precepts ; dii-eccing in
moral conduct ; didactic. — Pre-cep/tor (-ter),
71. Teacher ; instructor ; head of a school. —
Pre-cep'tress, n. Female teacher. — Pre'cep-
to'ri-al ( pre'sep-to'x i-al ), a. Pertaining to a
preceptor. — Pre-cep'tO-fy ( pre-sep'to-ry ), a.
Giving precepts ; preceptive. — Pre-ces'sion
(-sesh'iin), n. A going before, or forward. — Pre-
ces'sion-al (-al), a. Belonging to precession.

Pre'cinct (pre'sTnkt), n. Outward limit ; bound-
ary ; minor territorial or jurisdictional division.

Previous (presh'iis), a. Of great price, value,
or worth ; highly esteemed ; costly ; in irony,
worthless; contemptible. — Pre'ci0US-ly, adv.

— Pre'cious-ness, n.

Prec'i-pice (pres'T-pTs), n. A very steep, perpen-
dicular, or overhanging place ; abrupt declivity.

— Pre-cip'i-tate (pre-sip'i-tat), v. t. To throw
headlong, or from a steep height ; to urge
eagerly ; to hasten ; to throw down, or to the
bottom of a vessel. — Pre-cip'i-tate (-tat), a.
Headlong ; rash ; very hasty. — n. Substance in
solution, chemically separated from its solvent,
and thrown to the bottom of the vessel con-
taining it. — Pre-cip'i-tate-ly, adv. Headlong ;
rashly. — Pre-cip'i-ta'tor (-ta'ter), n. — Pre-
Cip'i-ta'tion (-ta'shiin), n. A precipitating;
hurry ; tumultuous haste ; chemical deposit of
a substance in solution. — Pre-Cip'i-ta-bld
(-sTp'i-ta-b'l), a. Capable of being precipitated.

— Pre-cip'i-tance (-tans), Pre-cip'i-tan-cy
(-tan-sy), n. Headlong hurry. — Pre-cip'i-tant
(-tant), a. Falling or rushing headlong ; hasty ;
unexpectedly brought on or hastened. — n. A
liquor which, when poured on a solution, sepa-
rates what is dissolved, and makes it fall to the
bottom. — Pre-cip'i-tant-ly, adv. With great
haste. — Pre-cip'i-tOUS (-tus), a. Very steep ;
descending rapidly. — Pre-Cip'i-tOUS-ly, adv. —
Pre-cip'i-tous-ness, n.

Pre-cise' (pre-sis'), a. Not loose, vague, uncer-
tain, or equivocal; accurate; exact; scrupulous;
particular ; formal ; finical. — Pre-cise'ly, adv.

— Pre-cise'ness, n. — Pre-ci'sian (-sTzh'an),
n. One rigidly or ceremoniously exact ; a form-
alist. — Pre-Ci'sion (-sTzh'un), n. Quality of
being precise ; exactness ; accuracy ; pedantry.

Pre-CludV (pre-klud'), v. t. To prevent from en-
tering ; to shut off ; to hinder. — Pre-clu'sion
(-klu'zlmn), n. A precluding ; shutting out. — ■
Pre-Clu'sive (-siv), a. Shutting out ; tending
to preclude. — Pre-clu'sive-ly, adv.

Pre-CO/ciOUS (pre-ko'shiis), a. Ripe before the
natural time ; too forward ; premature. — Pre-

co'cious-ly, adv. — Pre-corcious-ness, Pre-
cocity (-kos'I-ty), n.

Pre'COg-ni'tion (pre'kog-nish'un), n. Previous
knowledge or examination.

Pre/COn-ceiver (pre'kon-seV), v. t. To conceive
previously ; to form a previous idea of. — Pre7-
con-cep'tion (-sep'shun), n. A preconceiving;
an opinion previously formed.

PrCCOn-cert' (pre'kon-serf), v. t. To concert be-
forehand ; to settle by previous agreement. —
Pre-con'cert (pre-kon'sert), n. Previous agree-
ment.

Pre-con'tract (pre-kou'tr5kt), n. Contract pre-
vious to another.

Pre-CUT'SOr (pre-kQr'ser), n. One who, or that

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien. thin.

PRECURSORY

328

PRELACY

which, precedes an event, indicating its ap-
proach ; forerunner ; harbinger ; omen ; sign. —
Pre-CUT'SO-ry (pre-kfir'so-ry), a. Forerunning.

Pre-da'ceous (pre-da'shus), Pred'a-to-ry (pred'a-
t6-ry), a. Characterized by plundering ; hun-
gry ; ravenous.

Pred'e-ces'sor (prgd'e-ses'ser), n. One who pre-
cedes ; an ancestor.

Pre-des'ti-nate (pre-dgs'tT-nat), Pre-des'tine
(-des'tln), v. t. To appoint or ordain beforehand ;
to predetermine ; to foreordain ; to decree ; to
foredoom. — Pre-des'ti-na'ri-an (-na'rl-au), n.
A believer in predestination. — a. Pertaining to
predestination. — Pre-des'ti-na'tion (-shun), n.
A predestinating ; purpose of God from eter-
nity respecting all events ; preordination of
men to everlasting happiness or misery.

Pre'de-ter'mine (pre'de-ter'mTn), v . t. To deter-
mine beforehand ; to doom by previous decree.
— Pre'de-ter'mi-nate (-nrf-nat), a. Determined
beforehand. — PrCde-ter'mi-na'tion (-na'shun),
n. Previous determination ; purpose formed
beforehand.

Pre'di-al (pre'di-al), a. Consisting of , or attached
to, farms ; growing from land.

Pre-dic'a-ment (pre-dlk'a-ment), n. A class de-
scribed by definite marks ; condition ; a trying
position ; state ; plight.

Pred'1-cate (prgd'I-kat), v. t. To assert to belong
to something ; to affirm one thing of another ; to
declare; to assert.— Pred'i-cate (-kat), ra. Qual-
ity affirmed of the subject ; word or words in a
proposition expressing that which is affirmed of
the subject. — Pred'i-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. A
predicating ; assertion.— Pred'i-ca-to-ry (pred'-
t-ka-to-ry), a. Affirmative ; positive. — Pred'i-
ca-ble (-ka-b'l), a. Capable of being affirmed
of or attributed to. — Pred'i-ca-bil'i-ty, n.

Pre-dict' (pre-dTkf), v. t. To foretell ; to proph-
esy ; to presage ; to foreshow ; to bode. — Pre-
dlct'or (-er), n. — Pre-dic'tUm (-dlk'shun), n.
A foretelling ; previous declaration of a future
event; augury; divination; soothsaying. — Pre-
dlct'ive (-dTkt'Tv), a. Foretelling ; prophetic.

Pre/di-lec'tion (pre'dT-lek'shun), n. Preposses-
sion of mind in favor of something ; partiality.

pT6/dls-pose/ (preMTs-poz'), v. t. To incline be-
forehand; to adapt previously. — Pre-dis'po-si'-
tlon (pre-dTs'po-zish'un), n. A predisposing;
previous inclination, fitness, or adaptation to
any change, impression, or purpose.

Pre-dom'i-nate (pre-d5m'T-nat), v . ?". To surpass
in strength, influence, or authority ; to have
controlling influence ; to prevail ; to rule. — Pre-
dom'i-nant (-n«nt), a. Prevalent over others ;
superior; controlling; overruling. — Pre-dom'i-
nant-ly, adv. — Pre-dom'i-na'tion (-na'shun),
Pre-dom'i-nance (-n«ns), Pre-dom'i-nan-cy
(-nan-ay), n. Condition or quality of being pre-
doniin int ; ascendency.

Pre-e,m'l-nent(prc-eiii'i-nrnt),r/. Eminent above
others; superior. — Pre-em'i-nent-ly, adv. —
Pre-em'l nence, v. Distinction above others.

Pre-empt' (pn-emt'), »« '■ A L To take np (land)
with a ripiit of preemption. - Pre-emp'tion
| • nip'sliuii), n. Act or right of purchasing be-
ll hers.

Proen (prin), n. Forked instrmnent used by

elothien In dressing elotb. — v.t. [Panrao
fprSnd); Prerninq.j To drew (clotb, a bird's

.■•rs, el,-.).

Pre'en-gage' (prg/gn-gaj'), v. t. To engage by
previous contract or influence. — Pre/en-gage/-
ment (-ment), n. Prior engagement.

Pre'e'S-tab'liSA ( pre'es-tab'ilsh ), v. t. To es-
tablish beforehand. — Pre ' es - tab ' lisb - ment
(-ment), n. Settlement beforehand.

Pre'ex-ist' (pre'egz-Tsf), v. t. To exist before-
hand, or before something else. — Pre'ex-iSt'-
ence (-ens), n. Existence previous to some-
thing else ; existence of the soul before union
with the body. — Pre'ex-ist'ent (-ent), a. Ex-
isting beforehand.

Preface (prei'as), n. Something introductory to
a discourse, book, or essay ; introduction ; pre-
amble ; prelude ; prologue. — v. t. [Prefaced
(-ast) ; Prefacing (-a-sing).] To introduce by
preliminary remarks. — Pref'a-cer (-a-ser), n.

— Pref'a-tO-ry (-a-to-ry), a. Introductory.
Pre'f ect ( pre'lgkt ), n. A governor ; a com-
mander ; a chief officer. — Pre'f ec-ture (-fgk-
tur), n. Office or jurisdiction 01 a prefect.

Pre-fer' (pre-f er'), v. I. [Preferred (-ferd') ;
Preferring.] To set forth ; to offer; to ad-
vance ; to raise ; to set above something else ;
to choose ; to elect ; to select. — Pre-fer'rei
(-rer), n. — Pre-fer'ment (-ment), n. A pre-
ferring or advancing ; promotion ; exaltation. —
Pref'er-a-ble (prgl'er-a-b'l), a. Worthy to be
preferred ; more desirable. — Pref ' er - a - ble-
ness, n. — Pref'er-a-bly, adv. — Preference

(-ens), n. A preferring ; predilection ; choice.

— Pref/er-en'tial (-gn'slu/1), a. Giving, indi-
cating, or having, a preference.

Pre fig'ure (pre-lig'ur), v. t. To announce or
suggest by types and similitudes ; to foreshadow.

— Pre-f ig'ure-ment (-ment), Pre-f ig'u-ra'tion
(-u-ra'shun), n. A prefiguring. — Pre-fig'ttT-a-
tive (-ur-a-tlv), a. Showing by previous fig-
ures, types, or similitudes ; prefiguring.

Pre-fix' (pre-fiks'), v. t. [Prefixed (-fTksf);
Prefixing.] To put or fix belore. — Pre'f Ix
(pre'iiks), n. Letter, syllable, or word, set be-
fore a word to vary its signification.

Preg'nant (preg'naut), a. Being with young, as
a female ; heavy with important contents ; big ;
fruitful ; inventive. — Preg'nant-ly, adv. —
Preg'nan-cy (-nan-s^), n. Condition of being
pregnant; fertility.

Pre-hen'Sion (pre-hgn'shun), n. A seizing, as
with the hand or other limb. — Pre-hen'si-ble
(-sT-b'l), a. Admitting of being seized. — Pre-
hen'sile (-sil), a. Adapted to seize or grasp.

Pre-judge7 (pre-juj'), v. t. & i. To judge, beiore
hearing ; to condemn beforehand. — Pre-Judg'-
ment (-ment), n. A. prejudging.

Pre-ju'di-cate (pre-ju'dT-kat), v. t. & i. To pre-
judge. — Pre-jU'dl-Ca'tion (pre-ju'dl-ka'shun),
n. Prejudgment.

Prej'U-dice (prej'u-dYs), n. Prejudgment; un-
reasonable prepossession for or against any-
thing ; adverse opinion formed without proper
grounds ; mischief ; damage ; harm ; hurt ; dis-
advantage.—v. I. [Prejudiced (-dtst) ; Prej-
udicing (-dT-sTng).] To bias unduly ; to injure
by prejudices ; to hurt; to impair. — PreJ'U-
di'cial (-dTsh'al), a. Tending to obstruct;
hurtful ; mischievous.

Prel'ate (prgl'fit), n. A high dignitary of the
church. — Prel'ate-Ship, n. Office of a prel-
ate. — Prel'a-cy (-&-sy), n. Dignity of a prel-
ate ; government by prelates ; order of prelates

&>e,i,<>, a, long ; ft, 6, 1, 6, ik, y, short ; sen&te, $ vent, Idea, Obey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

PRELATIST

329

PRESENCE

collectively. — Prel'a-tist (-tist), to. An advo-
cate for prelacy ; a liigh churchman. — Pre-
lat'ic (pr£-lat'lk), Pre-lat'ic-al (-l-kal), a.
Pertaining to prelates or prelacy.

Pre-Iec'tion (pre-lek'shun), to. A public lecture
or discourse.

Pre-lim'i-na-ry (pre-lTm'i-na-ij?), a. Preceding
the main business ; introductory ; prior ; pre-
cedent. — to. ; pi. Preliminaries (-rTz). Some-
thing previous or preparatory ; preface.

Pre'lude (pre'lul or prSl'ud), to. Introductory
performance, preceding the principal matter ;
a preliminary. — Pre-lude7 (pre-lud') , v. t. & i.
To introduce ; to precede. — Pre-lu'sive (-lu'-
sl v), Pre-lU'SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Previous ; intro-
ductory.

Pre'ma-ture' (pre/ma-tur'), a. Ripe before the
natural or proper time; too early. — Pre'ma-
turely, adv. — Pre'ma-ture'ness, Pre/ma-tu'-

rl-ty (-tu'rt-ty), n.

Pre-med'i-tate (pre-uied'T-tat), v. t. & i. To
plan or arrange beforehand. — Pre-med'i-ta'-
tion (-ta'shfiu), to. A meditating beforehand ;
previous contrivance.

Pre'mi-er (pre'mT-er), a. First; chief; princi-
pal. — Pre'mi-er (pre'mi-er or prem'yer), n.
First minister of state ; prime minister. — Pre'-
mi-er-sMp, to. Office or dignity of premier.

Pre-mise7 (pre-miz'), v. t. & i. [Premised
(-mizd') ; Premising.] To set forth before-
hand, or as introductory to a subject ; to lay
down (premises) on which rest subsequent rea-
sonings. — Prem'ise (prem'Is), to. ; pi. Prem-
ises (-I-sez). Proposition admitted, or from
which a conclusion is drawn ; pi. land or thing
granted by deed ; a building and its adjuncts.

Pre/mi-um (preymi-uin), to. ; pi. Premiums (-umz).
Recompense ; advance ; bounty ; amount paid
for a loan of money or for insurance.

Pre-mon'ish (pre-mou'ish), v. t. To forewarn ; to
admonish beforehand. — Pre/mO-ni'tion (pre7-
mo-nish'un),TO. Previous warning, notice, or in-
formation. — Pre-mon'l-to-ry (pre-inon'I-to-ry ),
a. Giving previous notice.

Pre-OC'cu-py (pre-ok'ku-pi), v. t. To take posses-
sion of before another ; to prepossess ; to occupy
by anticipation or prejudices. — Pre-OC'CU-pan-
cy (-pan-sy), Pre-OC'CU-pa'tion (-pa'shun), n.
A preoccupying ; anticipation of objections.

Pre/or-daln' (pre'Sr-dan'), ». t. To ordain or ap-
point beforehand ; to predetermine. — Pre-or'-
di-nance (pre-6r'dl-nans), n. Antecedent de-
cree or determination. — Pre - or ' di - na ' tion
(-na'shun), to. A foreordaining ; previous de-
termination.

Pre-parer ( pre-pSr' ), v. t. & i. [Prepared
(-pard') ; Preparing.] To make ready ; to
qualify ; to equip ; to provide. — Pre-par'er, n.
— Prep'a-ra'tlon (prSp'a-ra'shun), n. A pre-
paring or fitting ; preparatory act or measure ;
anything prepared for a particular purpose. —
Pre-par'a-tive (pre-par'a-tiv), a. Tending to
prepare or make ready. — n. That which has
power of preparing ; preparation. — Pre-par'a-

tive-ly, adv. — Pre-par'a-to-ry (-to-ry), a.

Preparative.

Pre-pay' (pre-pa'), v. t. [Prepaid (-pad') ; Pre-
paying.] To pay in advance. — Pre-pay'ment
(-ment), n. Payment in advance.

Pre-pense' (pre-pens'), a. Devised beforehand ;
premeditated ; aforethought.

Pre-pon'der-ate (pre-pon'der-at), v. t. & i. To
outweigh. — Pre-pon'der-ance (-ems), Pre-pon'-
der-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A preponderating, or
inclining to one side. — Pre-pon'der-ant (-ant),
a. Outweighing ; overbalancing.

Prep'o-si'tion (prep'6-zlsh'un), to. A particle
governing a substantive or pronoun, and showing
its relation to some other word. — Prep'O-si'-
tion-al (-al), a. Pertaining to, or having the
nature of, a preposition

Pre-pos'i-tive (pre-poz'I-tlv), a. Put before;
prefixed. — n. A word, or particle, put before
another word.

Pre/pos-sess/ (pre'poz-zgs' or -pos-ses'), v. t.
[Prepossessed (-zest' or -sest') ; Prepossessing.]
To preoccupy ; to bias ; to prejudice. — Pre'pos-
Sess'ing, a. Tending to invite favor or to se-
cure favor or love. — Pre'pos-ses'sion (-zesl/un
or -sesh'un), n. Preoccupation; prior posses-
sion ; preconceived opinion ; bias ; inclination ;
prejudgment.

Pre-pos'ter-OUS (pre-pos'ter-us), a. Contrary to
nature or reason ; utterly foolish ; absurd ; ir-
rational ; foolish ; monstrous. — Pre-pOS'ter-

ous-ly, adv. — Pre-pos'ter-ous-ness, n.

Pre-req'ui-site (pre-rek'wl-zlt), a. Previously
required or necessary. — to. Something neces-
sary to an end proposed.

Pre-rog'a-tive (pre-rog'a-tlv), n. An exclusive
or peculiar privilege ; a right.

Pre'sage (pre'saj or pres'aj), to. Something
which foreshows a future event ; prognostic ;
omen ; foreknowledge ; presentiment. — Pre-
sage7 (pre-saj'), v. t. To have a presentiment
of ; to forebode ; tojtredict ; to prophesy.

Presljy-ter (prez'bl-ter or prSs'-), n. An elder in
the church ; a priest. — Pres'by-ter-y (-tSr-y),
to. Body of elders in the Christian church ; a
judicatory in the Presbyterian church. — Pres'-
by-te'ri-al (-te'rl-al), Pres by-te'ri-an (-an), a.
Pertaining to a presbyter, or to government by
presbyters ; consisting of presbyters. — Pres7-
by-te'ri-an, '»• One who maintains the valid-
ity of ordination and government by presby-
ters, or who belongs to a ciiurch governed by
presbyters. — Pres'by-te'ri-an-ism (-Iz'm), n.
Presbyterian form of church government.

Pre'SCi-ent (pre'shi-ent or -shent), a. Having
knowledge of events before they take place. —
Pre'SCi-ence (-shT-ens or -shens), to. Fore-
knowledge ; foresight.

Pre-scribe' ( pre - skril/ ), v. t. [Prescribed
(-skribd') ; Prescribing.] To direct ; to ap-
point ; to dictate ; to establish. — Pre-SCrib'er,
to. — Pre'script (pre'skript), a. Directed ; pre-
scribed. — n. Direction ; precept. — Pre-SCrip'-
ti-ble (pre-skr!p'tT-b'l), a. Depending on. or
derived from, prescription. — Pre-scrip'tion
(-shun), to. A prescribing or directing; that
which is prescribed ; direction of remedies for
a disease, and manner of using them ; legal
title to a thing from long use and enjoyment.
— Pre-SCrip'tive (-tiv), a. Consisting in, or
acquired by, immemorial use.

Pres'ent (prlz'ent), a. Being at hand, or within
reach ; now existing, or in process ; now in view,
or under consideration ; instant ; propitious. —
n. Present time. — Pres'ent-ly, adv. At the
present time ; at once ; instantly ; soon ; by and
by. — Pres'ence (-ens), to. State or condition
of being present ; nearness ; the person of a

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, io"bt, out, oil, cnair, go, siug, ink, then, ttiin.

PRESENT

330

PREVAILING

superior ; mien ; air ; personal appearance. —
Pie-sent' (pre-zgnf), v. t. To put or place in
the prepuce of some one ; to introduce ; to ex-
hibit to view or notice ; to set forth ; to offer ;
to make a gift of ; to bestow , to give ; to grant ;
to confer. — Pre-sent/er, n. One who presents.

— Pies' en-tee' (prez'eu-te'), n. One presented
to a oeuence. — Pre-sent'a-ble (pre-zeut'a-b'l),
a. Capable or admitting of being presented ;
properly prepared. — Pres'ent (prez'ent), n. A
thing presented or given ; a gift ; a donation ; a
benefaction. — Pres'entS, n. pi. Writings. —
Pres'en-ta'tion (-gn-ta'shuu), n. A presenting ;
a setting forth ; an offering ; exhibition ; a rep-
resentation. — Pre-sent/ment (pre-zgut'nient),
n. A presenting ; presentation ; accusation by
a grand jury.

Pre-sen'ti-ment (pre-sgn'tT-ment), n. Previous
conception or conviction of something about to
happen ; anticipation of evil.

Pres'ent-ly, Pre-sent'ment. See under Pres-
ent, a.

Pre-serve' (pre-zerv'), v. I. [Preserved (-zervd') ;
Preserving.] To keep or save from injury, de-
struction, or decay, by the use of some preserva-
tive substance, as sugar, etc. ; to maintain or
keep (appearances; ; to uphold ; to sustain ; to
spare ; to shield. — n. Fruit, etc., kept by
suitable preparation ; place for shelter of game,
fish, etc. — Pre-serv'er ( pre-zerv'er ), n. —
Pre-serv'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
preserved. — Pres'er-va'tion (prez'er-va'shun),
n. A keeping safe ; security. — Pre-serv'a-
tlve (pre-zerv'a-tiv), Pre-serv'a-to-ry (-to-ry),
a. Having power to preserve. — n. Anything
which preserves.

Pre-side/ (pre-zid'), v. i. To hold the place of
ruler ; to exercise superintendence. — Pre-sid'-
er, n. — Pres'i-dent (prgz'I-dent), n. One ap-
pointed to preside ; chief officer of a corpora-
tion, company, etc. ; chief executive of a repub-
lic. — Pres'i-den'tial (-dgn'shal), a. Pertaining
to a president. — Pres'i-den-cy (prez'i-den-sy),
Pres'i-dent-sMp (-dent-ship), n. Office of pres-
ident ; terra for which a president holds office.

Piess (prSs), v. t. [Pressed (prgst); Pressing.]
To urge with force or weight ; to squeeze ; to
crush, in order to extract the juice or contents
of ; to make smooth, by squeezing ; to urge
earnestly ; to compel. — v. i. To exert pressure ;
to move on ; to crowd ; to encroach. — n. An in-
strument or m a c h i n e
for pressing, squeezing,
or printing ; business of
printing or publishing ;
publications collective-
ly ; case or closet ; ur-
gency ; crowd ; throng.

— Press'er (prgs'er),
n. — Press'illg, a. Ur-
gent ; exacting ; im-
portunate. — Press'-
ing-ly, adv. — Press'-
man, n. One w h o
tends a press, esp. a
printing press. — Pres'-
SUre (prgsh'ur), v. A
pressing; urgency;
constraining force; a
severe affliction or dif-
ficulty.

Hookbinders' Press.

Pres'tige (pres'tTj ; F. praVtezh'), n. Influence
coming from success, character, or deeds.

Pres'tO (pres'to), adv. Quickly; suddenly.

Pre-sume' (pre-zum'), v. i. [Presumed (-zumd') ;
Presuming.] To suppose or assume something
on grounds deemed valid , to act in a forward
manner ; to take liberties. — Pie-SUm'er, n. —
Pre-sum'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Such as may be
presumed, or supposed to be true. — Pre-SUm'-
a-bly, adv. — Presump'tlon (-zumr/shun), n.
A taking for granted ; strong probability ;
thing believed on satisfactory evidence ; over-
confident or arrogant opinion or conduct. —
Pre-sump'tive (-tTv), a. Taken by presump-
tion or previous supposition ; grounded on prob-
able evidence. — Pre-sump'tive-ly, adv. — Pre-
SUmp'tu-OUS (-tu-us), a. Full of presumption ;
beyond modesty ; proceeding from excess of
confidence ; foolhardy ; rash ; forward ; arro-
gant ; insolent. — Pre-SUmp/tU-OUS-ly, adv. —
Pre-sump'tu-ous-ness, n.

Pre'sup-pose' (pre/sup-poz'), v. t. To suppose as
previous ; to take for granted ; to presume ; to
assume. — Pre'sup-pos'al (-al), Pre-suppo-sl'-
tlon (pre-sup'po-zish'un), n. A presupposing ;
presumption ; previous surmise.

Pre-tend' (pre-tgnd'), v. t. To simulate ; to hold
out falsely ; to feign ; to assume ; to claim. — v. i.
To lay claim ; to strive after something. — Pre-
tend'er, n. — Pre-tend'ed-ly, adv. By false
appearance or representation. — Pre - tense '
(-tens'), Pre-tence', n. A holding something
false or feigned ; simulation ; false or hypocrit-
ical show ; assumption. — Pre-ten'sion (-tgn'-
shun), n. A pretending or laying claim ; right
assumed . — Pre-ten'tiOuS (-shfis), a. Full of pre-
tension ; disposed to claim more than one's due.

Pre/ter-lm-per'fect (pre'ter-Tm-per'fgkt), a. Not
absolutely or distinctly past.

Pret'er-it (prgfer-Tt or pre'ter-Tt), or Pret'er-ite,
a. Past; — applied to the grammatical tense
expressing action perfectly past or finished, —
called^also the perfect tense. — Pre'ter-i'tion
(pre'ter-ish'un), n. A going past ; summary
mention.

Pre/ter-mit/ (pre/ter-mTt'), v. t. [Pretermitted ;
Pretermitting.] To pass by ; to omit ; to dis-
regard.

Prfr'ter-nat'U-ral (pre'ter-nat'fi-ral), a. Beyond
what is natural. — Preler-naVa-raHy, adv.

Pre'ter-pei'lect (pre'ter-per'fgkt), a. Expressing
action or being absolutely past ;_ perfect.

Pre'ter-plu'per-fect ( pre'ter-plu'per-fgkt ), a.
Expressing action or being past at another past
time ; pluperfect.

Pre-text/ (pre-tgksf or pre'tgkst), n. Ostensible
reason assumed as a color for the real motive ;
semblance ; appearance.

Pre'tor (pre'ter), n. Ancient Roman magistrate. .

— Pre-to'ri-al (pre-to'rw/i). Pre-to'ri-an (-an),
a. Belonging to a pretor or judge ; judicial.

Pret'ty (prTt'tj-), a. [Prettibr ; Prettiest.]
Pleasing by delicacy or grace ; foppish ; petty ;
despicable; contemptible. — adv. In some de-
gree ; tolerablv ; quite. — Pret'ti-ly, adv.

Pret'zel (prgt'zgl), n. A brittle cake, twisted,
ami salted on the outside.

Pre-vail' (pre-val'), v. i. To overcome ; to gain
superiority ; to have effect, power, or influence.

— Pre- vailing, ". Superior in power or effi-
cacy ; most general in reception or extension ;

a, e, i, o, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PREVALENT

331

PRINCIPALLY

predominant ; successful. — Prev'a-lent (preV-
a-lent), a. Gaining advantage or superiority ;
generally received or current ; predominant ;
efficacious; powerful. — Prev'a-lent-ly, adv.

— Prev'a-lence (-lens), 71. Condition or qual-
ity of being prevalent ; superior strength, effi-
cacy, existence, or extension.

Pre-var/i-cate (pre-var'T-kat), v. i. To evade
telling the truth ; to equivocate ; to quibble. —
Pre-varl-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n. — Pre-varl- cap-
tion (-ka'shuu), n. A shuffling or quibbling.

Pre-vent' (pre-vent'), v. t. To be beforehand with;
to intercept and thwart; to hinder; to preclude;
to obstruct ; to anticipate. — Pre- vent'er, n. —
Pre-ven/i-ent (-ven'I-ent or -yent), a. Going be-
fore ; preceding ; preventive. — Pre-vent'a-ble
(-vent'a-b'l), a. Capable of being prevented. —
Pre-ven'tion (-ven'shiin), n. A preventing;
hindrance. — Pre- vent' ive (-vent'I v), a Tend-
ing to prevent. — n. That which prevents ; an
antidote to prevent an attack of disease.

Pre'Vi-OUS (pre'vi-Qs), a. Going or happening
before something else ; preceding ; anterior ;
prior ; former. — Pre'vi-ous-ly, ado. — Pre'-
vi-ous-ness, n. — Pre-vi'sion (pre-vTzh'uu), n.
Foresight ; foreknowledge ; prescience.

Prey ( pra), n. Spoil ; booty ; plunder. — v. i.
[Preyed (prad) ; Preying.] To collect spoil ;
to take food by violence. — Prey'er (pra'er), n.

Price (pris), n. Equivalent for which a thing is
bought or sold ; value ; recompense. — v. t.
[Priced (prist) ; Pricing.] To set a price on. —
Price current, Price list. A statement or list
of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks,
specie, bills of exchange, rate of exchange, etc.

— Priceless (pris'les), a. Invaluable ; inesti-
mable.

Prick (prik), n. That which penetrates or punc-
tures ; sharp, stinging pain ; mark made by a
point. — v. t. [Pricked (prikt) ; Pricking.]
To pierce ; to mark or trace by pricking ; to
spur ; to incite ; to erect (the ears of an animal) ;

— hence, to prick up the ears, to listen sharply.

— v. i. To be pricked or feel penetration. —
Prick'er (prlk-er), n. — Pric'kle (prlk'k'l), n.
A little prick ; a small projection. — v. t. To
pierce with fine, sharp points ; to prick slightly.

— Prickly (-ly)i «• Ful1 of, or armed with,
prickles. — Prickli-ness, n.

Pride (prid), n. Inordinate self-esteem ; conceit ;
loftiness ; elevation of character ; arrogance of
demeanor ; ornament ; show ; ostentation. —
v. t. To indulge (one's self) in pride or self-es-
teem.

Priest (prest), n. One who officiates at an altar
or performs sacrifice ; clergyman ; ecclesiastic.

— Priesfess (prest'es), n. A female priest. —
Priest'craft' (-kraff), n. Stratagems of priests ;
religious fraud. — Priest'hOOd (-hood), n. Of-
fice or character of a priest ; order of priests.

— Priestly (-ly), a. Pertaining to, or becom-
ing, a priest ; sacerdotal. — Priestli-ness, n.

Prig (prig\n. A pert, pragmatical fellow; athief.

— v. t. 'To filch or steal. — Prig'gish (prig'-
gtsh), a. Affected ; coxcombical ; conceited.

Prim (prim), a Formal; precise; affectedly
nice. — v. t. To deck with great nicety ; to
prink. — Primly, <><1>\ — Prim'ness, n.

Pri'ma-cy, Pri'ma-ry, etc. See under Prime, a.

UPri'ma don'na (pre'ina don'na), n. The first or
chief female singer in an opera.

Pri'mage (pri'maj), n. A charge in addition to
the freight on goods shipped.

Prime (prim), a. Primitive ; primary ; first in rank,
importance, or excellence ; of* highest qual-
ity; early blooming. — n. The first part ; begin-
ning or opening (of the day, year, etc.) ; dawn ;
spring ; youth ; full health or beauty ; best
portion, —v. t. [Primed (primd) ; Priming.]
To charge (a gun) with powder or other device
for communicating fire to the charge ; in paint-
ing, to lay the first color upon. — Prim'er (priin'-
er), n. — Priming, n. A combustible for con-
veying fire to gunpowder, etc. ; first coat laid
on in painting ; a carrying over water from the
boiler to the cylinder of a steam engine. —
Primely, adv. In a prime manner ; excellently.
— Prime'ness, n. — Pri'mal (-mai), Pri'ma-ry
(-ma-ry), a. First; original; chief. — Pri'ma-
ri-ly, adv. — Pri'ma-ri-ness, n. — Pri'mate
(-mat), n. Chief ecclesiastic in a church ; arch-
bishop. — Pri'ma-cy (-ma-sjr), Pri'mate-ship,
n. Condition, dignity, or office of a primate.

Prim'er (prim'er), n. An elementary book for
teaching children to read ; a kind of type, of
two sizes, long primer, and great primer, which
is larger than pica, and the largest type used in
printing books.

Long primer type

Great primer

type.

Pri-m^val (prt-me'val), a. Belonging to the
first ages ; original ; primitive.

Priml-tive (pr!m'i-tiv), a. Pertaining to the
beginning or origin ; primary ; antique ; anti-
quated ; old-fashioned. — n. An original word ;
a word not derived from another. — Priml-tive-
ly, adv. — Priml-tive-ness, n.

Primly, adv., Prim'ness, n. See under Prim, a.

Pri'mo-ge'ni-al (pri'mo-je'nT-al), a. First born,
made, or generated ; primary ; elemental. —
Pri'mo-genl-tor (-jSn'T-tor), n. The first father
or forefather. — Pri/mo-genl-ture (-tur), n.
Seniority by birth among children ; exclusive
right of inheritance belonging to the eldest son
or daughter. — Pri'mo-gen'i-ture-snip, n.

Pri-mor'di-al (pr t-m6r'dT-al), a. First in order ;
original. — n. First principle or element ; or-
igin.

Prim'rose' (prim'roz'), n. An early flowering
plant allied to the cowslip.

Prince (prins), n. Person of
highest place and authority ;
sovereign ; monarch ; son of a
king or emperor, or issue of a
royal family. — Prin'COSS
(prin'ses), n. Female prince ;
consort of a prince ; king's
daughter. —Prince'ly
(prins'l^), a. Belonging to,
or becoming, a prince ; grand ;
noble ; magnificent. —
Princeli-ness, n. — Prince'-
dom (-dum), n. Jurisdiction, rank, or estate,
of a prince

Prin'Ci-pal (prTn'sT-pal), a. Highest in rank,
authority, or importance ; chief. — n. A chief
or head ; a capital sum of money, placed at in-
terest. — Prin'Ci-pal-ly, adv. Chiefly ; mainly ;
especially : particularly.

Primrose.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PRINCIPALITY

332

PROCONSULAR

Prin'ci-pal'i-ty ( priii'sT-pal'i-ty" ), n. Sover-
eignty ; supreme power ; one invested with
sovereignty ; territory of a prince.

Prin'ci-ple (prin'sT-p'l), n. Source or origin ;
fundamental truth or tenet ; settled rule of
action ; right rule of conduct ; original chem-
ical element characterizing some substance,
from which it may be obtained by analysis.

Prink (prink), v. i. To dress lor show ; to strut.

Print (print), v. t. & i. To mark by impression;
to publish a book. — n. A mark made by pres-
sure ; impressions of type ; anything produced
by printing ; a stamped likeness ; engraving ;
newspaper ; fabric figured by stamping ; calico.
— Print'er (printer), n. — Print'ing, n. An
impressing letters, characters, or figures on
paper, cloth, etc. ; typography.

Pri'or (pri'er), a. Preceding in time ; anterior ;
precedent. — n. Superior of a priory ; one next
in dignity to an abbot. — Pri'or-ess (-8s), n.
Female superior of a convent of nuns. — Pri-
or'i-ty (pri-orf-t^), n. State of being prior ;
preeminence ; preference. — Pri/O-iy (pri'o-r^),
n. A religious house, in dignity below an abbey ;
a convent.

Prism (priz'm), n. A solid whose bases are sim-
ilar, equal, and parallel plane figures,
and its sides parallelograms. — PriS-

mat'ic (prTz-m5t'Ik), Pris-mat'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Resembling or formed by
a prism. — Pris-mat'ic-al-ly, adv.

Pris'on (prTz''n), n. Place lor confine-
ment of debtors, criminals, or those
accused of crime ; a jail. — v . t. To
shut up ; to confine. — Pris'on-er, n.
One in custody ; a captive.

Pris'tine (prTs'tin), a. Belonging to rns
the earliest time ; original : primitive ; former.

Prith'ee (prith'e), interj. [I] pray thee.

Pri'vate (pri'vat), a. Belonging to one's self
only; not open: secret. — n. A. common sol-
dier. — Pri'vate-ly, adv. — Pri'vate-ness, n. —
Pri'va-cy (-va-sy), n. State of retirement ;
place of seclusion ; retreat ; secrecy.

Pri'va-teer' (pri'va-ter'), n. An armed private
vessel commissioned by a state to cruise against
an enemy's commerce. — v. i. To cruise in a
privateer.

Pri-va'tion (prt-va'shun), n. A depriving ; des-
titution ; need ; absence. — PriVa-tive (priv'a-
tiv), a. Causing privation; depriving; giving
negative force to ; not
positive. — n. Prefix or
suffix to a word, giving
it a contrary sense.

Priv'et (priv'gt), n. An
ornamental shrub, used
in hedges.

Priv'i-lege(prTv'T-lgj),
n. A peculiar benefit,
right, or immunity ;
franchise ; liberty. —
v. t. To grant some
right or exemption to;
to deliver ; to excuse.

PriV'y (priv'3?), a. Per-
taining to some person
exclusively; private;
secret ; clandestine. —
PriV'i-ly (-T-iy), adv.
Privately ; secretly. —

Privet.

Priv'i-ty (prTv'i-ty), n. Private knowledge;
joint knowledge with another of a private con-
cern ; a secret.

Prize (priz), n. Something taken from another;
tiling seized by force, or as the result of a con-
test ; anything worth striving for.

Prize (priz), v. t. [Prized (prizd) ; Prizing.]
To set or estimate the value of ; to rate ; to value
highly ; to esteem.

Prize (priz), v. t. To raise with a lever ; to pry.
— n. A lever.

Pro (pro), adv. For or in behalf of the affirma-
tive side. —Pro and COn. For and against ; pi.
things which may be said for or against a thing.

Prob'a-ble (prob'a-b'l), a. Having more evidence
for than against ; likely. — ProVa-bly, adv. —
Prob'a-bil'i-ty (-bTl'I-ty), n. Quality of being
probable ; credibleness ; likelihood ; chance.

Prolate (pro'bat), n. Official proof ; proof of
the validity of a will; jurisdiction of proving
wills. — Pro-ba'tion (pro-ba'shun), n. Any pro-
ceeding designed to ascertain truth, determine
character, etc. ; examination ; trial. — Pro-ba'-
tion-er, n. One undergoing probation ; a nov-
ice. — Pro-ba'tion-al, Pro-ba'tion-a-ry (-a-ry),
Pro'ba-tO-ry ( pro'la-to-ry ), a. Serving for
trial. — Pro-ba'tor (pro-ba'ter), n. An exam-
iner ; an approver.

Probe (prob), v. t. [Probed (probd); Probing.]
To examine (a wound, ulcer, etc.), by an in-
strument thrust into the part ; to scrutinize ;
to examine thoroughly. — n. Instrument for
examining a wound, etc.

Prob'i-ty (pr5b'I-ty), «. Tried virtue or integ-
rity ; uprightness ; sincerity.

Prob'lem (prBb'lem), n. A question proposed for
solution ; a matter difficult of settlement ; a thing
required to be done. — ProVlem-afic (-5t/ik),
Pro'b'lem-at'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Questionable;
unsettled ; disputable ; doubtful. — Prob'lem-
at'ic-al-ly, adv.

Pro-bOS'ciS (pro-bos'sTs), n. ; pi. Proboscides (-sT-
dez). A hollow organ or tube connected with
the head or mouth of various animals, usually
for taking food ; a snout ; a trunk.

Pro-ceeoV (pro-sed'), v. i. To move or go for-
ward ; to issue ; to arise ; to flow. — Pro'ceeds
(pro'sedz), n. pi. That which comes forth or
results ; yield ; issue ; product. — Pro-ce'dure
(-serdur), Pro-ceed'ing, n. Transaction ; meas-
ure ; step ; course ; conduct.

Proc'ess (prSs'Ss), n. A proceeding ; progress ;
transaction ; regular manner of activity ; pro-
jecting part of any surface ; legal course of
proceedings in a cause.

Pro-ces'sion (pro-sSsh'un), n. A proceeding ;
a regular or ceremonious progress ; a train of
individuals advancing in order ; a retinue. —
Pro-ces'sion-al (-«1), a. Pertaining to, or con-
sisting in, a procession.

Pro-claim' (pro-klam'), v. I. [Proclaimed (pro-
klamd'); Proclaiming.] To make known by
public announcement ; to give publicity to ; to
publish ; to declare. - Pro-claim'er, n. — ProC-
la-ma'tion (pr5k']a-ma'shun ). v. A publish-
ing abroad ; an official or general notice ; a pub-
lished ordinance.

Pro-cliv'i-ty (pr6-klYv'T-ty), n. An inclination ;
propensity ; tendency.

Pro-con'sul (pro-kon'sQl) , n. Roman governor of
a province. — Pro-con'su-lar (-su-ler), Pro-con'-

5, e, I, u, u, long ; a, u, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, ail, final.

PROCONSULARY

333

PROGENY

SU-la-ry (pro-kon'su-la-ry), a. Pertaining to,
or under rule of, a proconsul. — Pro-con'sul-ate
(-1st), Pro-COn'SUl-sMp (-sul-sbTp), n. Office of
a proconsul, or the term of his office.
Pro-Cias'ti-nate (pro-kraVtl-nat), v. t. & i. To
put off from day to day ; to postpone ; to delay.

— Pro-cras'ti-na'tor, n. — Pro-cras'ti-na'tion

(-na'sliiin), n. A putting off; dilatoriness.

PlO'cre-ate (.prc^kre-at), v. t. To beget ; to gener-
ate ; to engender. — Pro'cre-a'tor (-a'ter), n. —
Pro7 Cie-a' lion (-a'-shun), n. A begetting ; gen-
eration of young. — Pro'cre-a'tive (-a'tlv), a.
Hiving power to beget.

Pro-crus'te-an (pr6-krus'te-an), a. Like Procrus-
tes, a legendary Greek highwayman of Attica,
who fitted his victims to an iron bed by stretch-
ing out or cutting off their legs, as the case
required ; hence, violently or pedantically en-
forcing conformity to a measure or model.

PlOC'tor (prSk'ter), n. An officer in admiralty
and ecclesiastical causes ; in colleges, oue who
attends to the morals of the students, and en-
forces regulations. — Pr0C-tO,ri-al (-to'rwil), a.
Pertaining to a proctor. — Proc'tor-sMp (-ter-
8hTp), n. Office or dignity of a proctor.

PlO-CUm'bent (pre-kum'beut), a. Lying on the
face ; prone ; prostrate.

Pro-Cure' (pro-kur'), v. t. [Procured (-kurd') ;
Procuring.] To acquire ; to provide for one's
self or for another ; to contrive and effect ; to
bring about ; to get ; to obtain ; to earn ; to
effect ; to cause. — v. i. To pimp. — Pro-cure'-
ment (-ment), n. A procuring ; agency. — Pro-
CUT'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being procured.

— Proc'U-ra'tion (prok'u-ra'shun), n. A pro-
curing ; management of another's affairs ; au-
thorization to transact the affairs of another. —
PTOC'U-ra'tor ( prSk'u-ra'ter ), n. One who
manages another's affairs.

Prod'i-gal (pr51'I-g«l), a. Given to extravagant
expenditures ; profuse ; lavish ; extravagant.

— n. A spendthrift. — Prod'i-gal-ly, adv. —

Prod'i-gal'i-ty (-gSii-ty), ».

Prod'i-gy (pr5d'f-jy), n.;pL Prodigies (-jiz).
Something extraordinary, wonderful, or out of
the ordinary course of nature ; portent ; mar-
vel ; monster. — Pro-di'glous (pro-dij'us), a.
Of the nature of a prodigy ; enormous in size,
quantity, extent, etc. ; monstrous; marvelous;
amazing ; extraordinary. — PTO-df giOUS-ly,
adv. — Pra-dl'glDus-ness (-dij'us-), n.

Pro-duce' (pro-duV), v. t. [Produced (-dust') ;
Producing.] To bring forth ; to give birth to ;
to propagate ; to furnish ; to exhibit ; to manu-
facture ; to lengthen out ; to extend. — Pro-
ducer (-du'ser), n. — Pro-du'ci-ble (-sT-b'l),
a. Capable of being produced. — Pro-du'ci-
ble-ness, Pro-du'ci-bil'i-ty (-bil'T-ty), n. —
Prod'uce (pr5d'us), n. That which is pro-
duced, brought forth, or yielded ; proceeds ;
agricultural products. — Prod'UCt (prSd'ukt),
n. Thing produced ; fruit; a number resulting
from multiplication of other numbers. — Pro-
duc'tile (pro-duk'tTl), a. Capable of being
prolonged ; extensible. — Pro-dUC'tlon, n. A
producing ; thing produced or made ; product ;
prolongation ; work; performance. — Pro-dUC'-
tlve (pro-duk'tiv), a. Having power of pro-
ducing ; yielding results ; efficient ; producing

good crops. — Pro-duc'tive-ly, adv. — Pro-
duc'tlve-ness, n.

Pro'em (prc/em), n. A preface ; an introduction ;
aprelude. — Pro-e'mi-al (pr6-e'uil-ul), a. In-
troductory.

Pro-fane7 (pro-fan'), a. Not holy; relating to
matters other than sacred ; secular ; worldly ;
treating sacred things with irreverence ; un-
hallowed ; unholy ; wicked ; impious. — v. t.
[Profaned (-fand') ; Profaning.] To treat
with irreverence ; to put to a wrong use ; to
desecrate ; to pollute ; to defile. — Pro-fan'er,
n. — Pro-fane'ly, adv. — Pro-iane'ness, Pro-
fan'i-ty (-ian'l-ty), n. — Prof a-na'tion (pr5f-
a-na'shuu), n. A violating sacred things.

Pro-fess' (pro-feV), v. I. [Professed (-fesf) ;
Professing.] To confess publicly ; to avow. —
Pro-fess' ed-ly (-ed-ly), adv. By profession;
by avowal. — Pro-fes'Sion (-fSsh'un), n. A pro-
fessing ; declaration ; avowal ; occupation (not
mechanical, agricultural, etc.) one pursues; vo-
cation; office; collective body of persons en-
gaged in a calling. — Pro-fes'sion-al (-al), a.
Pertaining to a profession ; being by profession ;
avowed. — n. One who lollows a trade, art,
sport, etc., for a livelihood, and not as an ama-
teur. — Pro-fes'sion-al-ly, adv. — Pro-fess'or
(-feVei), n. One wiio makes proleo&ion, esp.
f orma. profession of religion ; teacher of any
science or branch of learning. — Prc-fess'or-
Ship, n. Office of a professor. — Pro f es-SO'ri-
al (pro'fSs-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to, or like,
a professor.

Proffer (prSf'fer), v. t. [Proffered (-ferd);
Proffering.] To offer for acceptance ; to ten-
der ; to propose. — n. Offer made ; attempt.

Pro-fi'cient (pro-f ish'ent), a. Well advanced in
knowledge or skill ; versed. — n. One skilled
in any business, art, science, etc. ; an expert ;
adept. — Pro-fi'clent-ly, adv. — Pro-fl'cience
(-ens), Pro-fi'cien-cy (-eu-s^), n.

PTO'file (pro'fll or -fel), n. Outline; contour;
portrait represented in a side view. — v. t. To
draw in profile.

Profit (profit), n. Acquisition beyond expendi-
ture ; useful consequences ; avails ; advance-
ment; gain; emolument. — v. t. & i. [Prof-
ited; Profiting.] To benefit ; to improve.—
Profit-a-bie (-a-b'l), a. Yielding or bringing
profit; useful; advantageous. — Prof it-a-bly,
adv. — Prof it-a-ble-ness, n. — Prof it-less, a.
Void of profit, gain, or advantage.

Prof li-gate (pr5f1T-gat), a. Abandoned to vice ;
openly immoral ; corrupt; dissolute ; depraved ;
wicked. —7?. Vicious person. — Profli-gate-ly,
adv. — Profli-ga-cy (-ga-sy), n. Lavishness ;
prodigality ; exuberance.

Pro-found' (pro-found'), a. Descending far be-
low the surface ; deep ; learned ; thorough ; pen-
etrating.—«.. The deep; the ocean. — Pro-
foundly, adv. — Pro-found'ness, Pro-fun'di-ty
(-fiin'dT-ty), n. Condition or quality of being
profound ; depth of place, of knowledge, of
science, of feeling, etc.

Pro-fuse' (pro-fus'), a. Very liberal ; bountiful ;
prodigal ; extravagant. — Pro-fusely, adv. —
Pro-fuse'ness, Pro-fu'sion (-fu'zhfin), n.

Prog (pr5g), r. ?'. To wander about and beg ; to
steal. — n. Victuals sought by begging, or
found by wandering ; food ; supplies.

Pro-gen'i-tor (pro-jgnt-ter), ??. An ancestor; a
forefather. — Prog'e-ny (pr5j'e-n^), n. De-
scendants; offspring.

fern, recent, orb, riide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PROGNOSIS

334

PRONGHORN

PrOg-no'siS (pr5g-no'sis), n. The foretelling of a
disease by particular symptoms. — Prog-nOS'-
tlc (-nos'tik), a. Indicating something by
6ymptoms. — n. A sign by which a future
event may be foretold ; a prediction ; symptom
indicating the course and event of a disease. —
Prog-nos'ti-cate (-ti-kat), v. t. To indicate as
future ; to betoken ; to forebode ; to presage ;
to prophesy. — Prog-nos'ti-ca'tor (-ka'ter), n.

— Prog-nos'ti-Ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. A fore-
telling something future by present signs ; fore-
token ; previous sign.

Pro'gram (pro'gram), Pro'gramme, n. A brief
outline of the order to be pursued, or subjects
embraced, in any public exercise.

PlOg'resS (prog'res), n. A moving forward ; ad-
vancement ; improvement ; proficiency ; mo-
tion. — Pro-gress' (pro-greV), v. i. [Pro-
gressed (pro-gresf) ; Progressing.] To make
progress ; to move forward ; to advance ; to go
on ; to make improvement. — Pro-gres'sion
(pro-gresh'Qn), n. A moving forward ; course ;
passage ; advance. — Pro-gres'sion-al (-al), a.
Tending to progress ; relating to progression. —
Pro-giess'ive (-gres'Tv), a. Moving forward ;
advancing ; improving. — Pro-gress'ive-ly, adv.
— Pro-gress'ive-ness, n.

Pro-MVit (pro-hib'It), v. t. [Prohibited ; Pro-
hibiting.] To forbid ; to prevent ; to preclude.

— Pro - Mb ' it - er, ». — PrCM-bi'tion (pro^hT-
Msh'un), n. A forbidding, esp. legal interdiction
of the sale of intoxicating liquor. — Pro'M-bi'-
tion-ist, n. One who favors prohibitory duties
in commerce, or prohibition of the sale of in-
toxicants. — Pro - Mb ' it- lVO (pr§-hTb'Tt-Tv),
Pro-Mb'it-O-ry (-6-ry), a. Tending to prohibit,
forbid, or exclude.

ProJ'ect (proj'Skt), n. That which is projected,
intended, or devised ; an idle scheme ; a design ; a
plan ; a purpose. — Pro-Ject' (pro-jeW), v. t. To
throw out ; to cast forward ; to devise ; to draw
or exhibit (the form of anything) ; to design ; to
delineate. — v. i. To shoot forward ; to extend
beyond something else ; to jut. — Pro-ject'or
(-jgkfer), n. One who projects designs or
schemes, esp. impracticable schemes. — Pro-
Ject'ile (-T1), a. Impelling or impelled forward.

— n. A body projected through the air, as a
cannon ball ; pi. science of the motion, range,
etc., of bodies thrown by an impelling force
above the earth. — Pro-Jec'tion (-jSk'shun), n.
A throwing or shooting forward ; part jutting
out (of a building, etc.) ; plan ; scheme ; delin-
eation of an object on a perspective plane. —
Pro-]ec'ture (-jSk'tur), n. A jutting out.

Pro'late (pro'lat), a. Stretched out ; extended in
the direction of a line joining the poles.

Prol'i-cide (prSl'T-sid or pro'lT-), n. Crime of
destroying one's offspring.

Pro-lii'ic (pr6-lIf'Yk), a. Producing young or
fruit; fruitful; productive; active.

Pro-lix' (pro-lTks' or pro'lTks), a. Extending to
a great length ; diffuse ; protracted.; tedious ;
wearisome. — Pro-lixly, adv. — Pro-llx'ness,
Pro-lix'i-ty (-lYks'Y-ty), 71.

Prol/O-CU'tor (prol'fi-ku'ter or pro-lok'u-ter), n.
One who speaks for another ; speaker or chair-
man of a convocat ion.

Prologue (proM5g), n. Introduction to a dis-
course or to a dramatic performance.

Pro-long' (pro-13ng'), ?'• »• To lengthen ; to ex-

tend ; to protract ; to defer ; to postpone. —
Pro'lon-ga'tion (pro/lon-ga'shun), n. A length-
ening ; extension ; postponement.

Prom'e-nade' (proin'e-nad' or -nad'), n. A walk ;
place for walking. — v. i. To walk for amuse-
ment or exercise.

Pro-me'the-an (pro-me'the-an), a. Pertaining to
Prometheus, who was fabled to have formed
men of clay, and given them life by fire stolen
from heaven ; life-giving ; inspiring.

Prom'i-nent (proni'i-nent), a. Standing out be-
yond other things ; distinguished above others ;
conspicuous. — Prom'i-nent-ly, adv. —Promi-
nence (-nens), Prom'i-nen-cy (-nen-s^), n.

Pro-mis'CU-OUS(pro-niTs'ku-us), a. Mixed; con-
fused. — Pro-mis'cu-ous-ly, adv.

Prom'ise (prom'Ts), n. A declaration, written or
verbal, binding the person who makes it to do
a specified act ; basis of hope ; fulfillment of
what is promised. — v . t. & i. [Promised (-1st) ;
Promising.] To give assurance by a promise ;
to afford hopes or expectations. — Prom/is-ee/
(prSm'Ts-e7), n. One to whom a promise is
made.— Prom'is-er (prom'is-er), Prom'is-or
(-6r), n. One who engages or undertakes. —
Prom'is-SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Containing a prom-
ise or binding declaration. — Promissory note.
A written promise to pay, at a time specified, a
certain sum of money.

Prom'on-to-ry (prom'un-to-ry), n. ; pi. Promon-
tories (-riz). A high point of land projecting
into the sea ; a headland.

Pro-mote' (pro-mot'), v. t. To contribute to the
growth or excellence of ; to forward ; to ad-
vance ; to exalt in station or honor. — Pro-
moter, n. — Pro-mo'tion (-mo'shun), n. A
promoting or exalting ; encouragement ; eleva-
tion. — Pro-mo'tive (-tlv), a. Tending to ad-
vance or encourage.

Prompt (promt), a. Ready to act as occasion
demands ; cheerfully performed ; quick ; alert.

— v. t. To excite to action or exertion ; to sug-
gest to the mind ; to assist (a speaker or
learner) when at loss ; to instigate ; to remind ;
to dictate. — Prompt' er, n. — Prompt'ly, adv.

— Prompt'ness, Prompt'i-tude (-T-tud), n.
Pro-mul'gate (pro-miil'gat), Pro-mulge' (prfc-

miilj'), v. t. [Promdlged (-miiljd') ; Promux-
ging (-mul'jing).] To make known (laws, de-
crees, tidings, etc.) by declaration ; to publish ;
to declare ; to proclaim. — Pro'mul-ga'tion
(pro'mul-ga'shun), n. A promul-
gating ; declaration. — Pro'mul-
ga'tor (pro'mul-ga'ter), Pro-mul'-
ger (pro-mul'jer), n.
Prone (pron), a. Bending forward ;
lying with the face downward ; in-
clined ; disposed.

— Prone'ly, adv.
— Prone'ness, n.

Prong (prong), n.
Sharp- pointed
instrument; tine
of a fork, etc. ;
a pointed projec-
tion. — Prong'-
horn' (prSng'-
hSrn'), n. Amer-
ican antelope of
the Rocky Moun-
tain region.

Pronghorn.

5, e, I, o, a, long ; ft, 6, 1, 6, ft, y, short ; sou&te, $vent, idea, 6bey, ftnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

PRONONCE

335

PROSCRIPTION

UPTO'Ilon'oS' ( pr6'n6N'sa' ), a. Strongly pro-
nounced or marked ; decided ; emphatic.

Pro'noun (pronoun), n. Word used instead of
a noun. — Pro-nom/i-nal ( pr6-noin'T-nal ), a.
Belonging to, or of the nature of, a pronoun.

Pro-nounce' ( pro-nouns' ), v. t. [Pronounced
(-nounsf); Pronouncing.] To speak distinctly;
to utter formally or solemnly. — Pro-HOUnce'a-
ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being pronounced.
— Pro-nounced' (-nounsf), a. Strongly marked;
decided. — Pro-nun'ci-a'tion ( -nun'sl-a'shun
or -shT-a'shun), n. Utterance.

Pro-nun/ci-a-men'to (pro-nun'sT-a-meVto), iiPro-
nun'Ci-a'mi-en'tO (pro-nun'the-a/me-au'to), n.
Proclamation ; manifesto ; formal declaration.

Proof (proof), n. Any process or operation to
establish a fact or truth ; a test ; a degree of
strength ; trial impression from type, an en-
graved plate, etc., taken for correction. — a.
Firm or successful in resisting. — Proof sheet
A proof, or trial impression, of printed or en-
graved matter.

Prop (prop), v. t. [Propped (propt) ; Propping.]
To support by placing something uuder or
against ; to sustain ; to uphold. — n. That
which sustains an incumbent weight ; a stay ;
a staff ; a pillar.

Prop'a-gate (prop'a-gat), v. t. To generate ; to
increase ; to spread ; to disseminate ; to promote.

— v. i. To have young or issue ; to be multi-
plied. — Prop'a-ga'tor (-ga'ter), ».— Propa-
gation (-ga'shun), n. A propagating; exten-
sion of anything ; generation ; spread ; increase.

— Prop'a-ga-ble (prop'a-ga-b'l), a. Capable of
being propagated. — Prop' a-gan'da (-gan'da),
n. A society in Rome, which directs Roman
Catholic missions. — Prop'a-gan'dism (-dlz'm),
n. A propagating tenets or principles. — Prop'-
a-gaa'dist (-dist), n. One who propagates any
system of principles.

Pro-pel' (pro-pel'), v. t. [Propelled (-peld') ;
Propelling.] To drive, urge, or press onward.

— Pro-pel'ler, n. One who, or that which,
propels ; a contrivance for propelling a steam
vessel, being usually a revolving screw placed
in the stern ; a steamer thus propelled.

Pro-pens©' (pro-pens'), a. Inclined ; disposed ;
prone. — Pro-pense'ness, Pro-pen'sion (-pen'-
shun), Pro-pen'si-ty (-sl-ty), n. Disposition;
bias ; proclivity ; proneness.

Prop'er (prop'er), a. One's own ; natural ; fit ;
adapted ; just ; right ; accurate. — Prop'er-ly,
adv. — Prop'er-ness, n.

Prop'er-ty (prSp'er-ty), n. ; pi. Properties (-tiz).
That which is proper to anything or peculiar to
any person ; thing owned ; ownership ; estate ;
laud with the appurtenant buildings ; goods ;
riches ; wealth.

Proph'et (pr5f'St), n. One who prophecies, or
foretells events. — Proph'et-ess (-Ss), n. A fe-
male prophet. — Pro-phet'lC (pr$-f6t'Tk), Pro-
phet'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Containing or pertain-
ing to prophecy. — Pro-phet'ic-al-ly, adv. —
Pro-phet'ic-al-ness, n. — Proph'e-cy (-e-s^), n.;
pi. Prophecies (-siz). Declaration of something
to come ; inspired foretelling ; a book of proph-
ecies ; interpretation of Scripture. — Proph'e-sy
(-si), v. t. & i. [Prophesied (-sid) ; Prophesy-
ing (-si'Tne;).] To foretell; to preach; to ex-
hort. — Propn'e-si'er (-si'er), n.

Propb/y-lac'tiC ( pr5f'i-lSk'tIk or pro'fl-), n.

Medicine which defends against disease ; a pre-
ventive. — Proph'y-lac'tic, Proph'y-lac'tic-al
(-ti-kal), a. Preventive.

Pro-pin'qui-ty (pr6-p!n'kwi-ty), n. Nearness;
neighborhood ; proximity.

Pro-pi'tiOUS (pro-pTsh'us), a. Favorable; kind.

— Pro-pi'tious-ly, adv. — Pro-pi'ti-ate (-pist/-
T-at), v. t. To appease and render favorable ; to
make propitious. — Pro-pi'ti-a'tor (-a'ter), n. —
Pro-pi/ti-a'tion (-a'shuu), n. A propitiating;
atonement; atoning sacrifice. — Pro-pi'tl-a-to-
ry (-a-to-ry), a. Having power to propitiate.

Pro'po-liS (pro'po-lis or prop'6-), n. A resinous
substance used by bees to stop crevices in their
hives, etc.

Pro-po'nent (pro-po'nent), n. One who makes a
proposal, or lays down a proposition.

Pro-por'tion (pr6-por'shun), n. Arrangement of
parts ; comparative relation ; share ; equality
of ratios. — v. t. To adjust in suitable propor-
tion. — Pro-por'tion-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable
of being proportioned ; proportional. — Pro-
por'tion-a-ble-ness, n — Pro-por'tlon-a-bly,
adv. — Pro-por'tlon-al, a. Having a due pro-
portion ; having the same, or a constant, ratio.

— n. A number or quantity in a proportion. —

Pro-por'tlon-al-ly, adv. — Pro-por'tion-al'1-ty

(-Sl'I-ty), n. — Pro-por'tlon-ate (-at), a. Pro-
portional. — v. t. To make proportional ; to pro-
portion. — Pro-por'tion-ate-ly, adv. — Pro-por'-
tion-ate-ness, n.

Pro-pose' (pr6-poz'), v. t. [Proposed (-pozd') ;
Proposing.] To offer for consideration ; to pur-
pose ; to intend. — ■ v. t. To lay schemes ; to offer
one's self in marriage. — Pro-pos'er, n. — Pro-
pos'al (-poz'al), n. Proposition ; offer ; over-
ture. — Prop'O-Si'tlon ( pr5p ' o - zTsh ' un ), n.
Thing proposed or offered, for consideration or
adoption ; complete sentence ; subject and pred-
icate united by a copula ; statement of a truth
to be demonstrated or of an operation to be
performed.

Pro-pound' (pro-pound'), v. t. To lay before ; to
offer for consideration. — Pro-pound'er, n.

Pro-pri'e-tor (pro-prl'e-ter), n. One who has
legal right or exclusive title to anything ; owner.

— Pro-pri'e-tress, n. A female proprietor. —
Pro-pri/e-ta-ry (-ta-ry), n. A proprietor ; body
of proprietors collectively. — a. Pertaining to
a proprietor.

Pro-pri'e-ty (pr6-prl'e-ty), n. ; pi. Proprieties
(-tiz). Fitness ; suitableness ; accuracy.

Pro-pttl'sion (pro-pul'shfin), n. A propelling or
driving forward. — Pro-pul'sive (-slv), a. Tend-
ing to propel.

Pro-rate' (pro-rat'), v. t. To divide, distribute,
or assess pro rata, or proportionally.

Pro-rogue' (pro-rog'), v. t. [Prorogued (-rogd') ;
Proroguing.] To protract; to defer; to con-
tinue (parliament) from one session to another ;
to adjourn indefinitely. — ProTO-ga'tion (pro7-
ro-ga'shun), n. Adjournment.

Pro-sa'ic (pro-zalk), Pro-sa'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to, like, or in the form of, prose ; dull ;
uninteresting ; prosy. — Pro-sa'lo-al-ly, adv.

Pro-sce'nl-um (prS-se'nT-um), n. The front part
of a theater stage.

Pro-scribe' (pro-skrib'), v. t. [Proscribed (prS-
skrlbd') ; Proscribing. ] To denounce and con-
demn ; to outlaw ; to doom. — Pro-scrib'er, n.

— Pro-scrip'tion (-skrlp'shun), n. Outlawry;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food; foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PROSCRIPTIVE

336

PROUDLY

condemnation ; denunciation. — Pro-SCrip'tive
(pro-skrlp'tlv), a. Pertaining to, or consisting
in, proscription ; proscribing.

FlOSe (proz), n. Natural language of man ; lan-
guage not in verse ; dull and commonplace dis-
course. — a. Pertaining to, or composed of,
prose ; dull.— v. i. To write prose ; to talk in. a
prosy, tedious manner. — Pros'er, n. — Pros'y
\-$), a. Like prose ; dull ; Hat. — Pros'i-ly,
adv. — Pros'i-ness, n.

Pros'e-CUte (pros'e-kut), v. t. To follow or pursue ;
to seek by legal process ; to accuse of crime ; to
criminate. — ?;, i. To carry on a legal prosecu-
tion. — Pros'e-cu'tor, n. — Pros'e-cu'tion (-ku'-
shiinj, n. A prosecuting; institution of a suit
at law.

Pros'e-lyte (prSs'e-lit), n. A convert to a sect,
opinion, system, or party. — v. t. To convert.

— Pros'e-ly-tism (-11 tTz'm or -li-tlz'in), n. A
proselyting.

Pros'er, Pros'i-ness. See under Peose, n.

Pros'O-dy (pros'6-d^), n. The part of grammar
which treats of quantity of syllables, accent,
and laws of versification. — Pros'O-dist, Pro-SO'-
di-an (pr6-s6vdT-an), n. One skilled in prosody.

— Pro-so'di-al (-ai), Pro-sod'i-cal (-sod'l-kal),
a. Pertaining to, or according to rules of,
prosody.

Pros'pect (prSs'pgkt), n. View ; landscape ; look-
out ; ground for hoping ; expectation. — v. t. & i.
To look over ; to explore (land, for gold, etc.).

— Pros'pect-or (prSs'pekt-er), n. — Pro-spec'-
tlon (pro-spgk'shun), n. A looking forward, or
providing for future wants. — Pro-spec'tive
(-ti v), a. Looking forward ; acting with fore-
sight; relating to the future. — Pro-spec/tUS
(-tus), n. Plan of a work, containing the gen-
eral subject or design, cost, etc.

Pros'per ( prosper), v. t. [Prospered (-perd) ;
Prospering.] To favor ; to render successful. —
v. i. To be successful ; to thrive ; to advance. —
Pros-per'i-ty (-perf-tj), n. Success ; welfare ;
happiness. — Pros'per-OUS ( pros'per-us ), a.
Fortunate ; successful ; auspicious ; lucky. —
Pros'per-ous-ly, adv. — Pros'per-ous-ness, n.

Pros'ti-tute (pros'tT-tut), v. t. To devote to base
purposes. — n. — Pros ti-tu'tion (-tu'shiin), n.
A setting to sale (one's self, one's abilities, etc.).

Pros'trate (pros'trat), a. Lying at length ; occu-
pying a humble or suppliant position. — Pros'-
trate (-trat), v. t. To lay or fall flat ; to throw-
down; to deprive of strength ; to reduce. — Pros-
tra'tion (-tra'shun), n. A prostrating ; depres-
sion ; oppression of natural strength and vigor.

Pros'y, a. See under Prose, n.

Pro'te-an (pro'te-rtn), a. Pertaining to Proteus,
a sea god who took different shapes ; variable.

Pro-tect' (pr6-tekf), v. t. To shield from danger ;
to defend , to guard ; to preserve ; to secure. —
Pro-tect'or, n. — Pro-tect'ress, n. A female
protector. — Pro-tec'tlon (-tek'shiin), n. A pro-
tecting ; defense ; guard ; security ; safety. —
Pro-tec'tlon-ist, n. One who favors the pro-
tection of industry by legal enactments.— Pro-
tect'ive ( -tekt'Tv ), a. Affording protection ;
si eltering. — Pro tect'or-ate (-tt), n. Govern-
ment by a protector ; authority assumed by a su-
perior ]>o\\ er over an inferior one. — Pro-tect'or-

ship, v. Office 01 a protector or regent.
HPro'te'ge7 (pro'tu'zba'), n. ra., Pro'te'geV, n.f.
One under the protection of anotlier.

Pro'te-les (pro'te-lez), n. A South African beast
of prey, akin to the hyena.

Pro-test' (pro-test'), v. i. To affirm solemnly; to
aver ; to declare ; to profess. — v. t. To make
declaration of or against ; to disown ; to dis-
claim. — Pro'test (pro'test), n. Formal decla-
ration of dissent. — Prot'es-tant (pr5t'gs-tant),
a. Making a protest ; pertaining to those who
disagree with the Church of Rome. — n. One
who dissents from the doctrines of the Roman
Catholic Church. — Prot'es-tan-tlsm ( -Tz'm ),
n. Protestant religion. — Prot'es-ta'tlon (-ta'-
shun), n. A making protest ; solemn declara.
tion, esp. of dissent.

Pro-thon'o-ta-ry ( pro-thon'o-tfi-ry- ), n. Chief
notary or clerk of a court.

Pro'tO-COl (pro'to-kol), n. Original copy of a
writing, treaty, or transaction.

Pro'tO-mar'tyr ( pro'to-mar'ter ), n. The first
martyr, Stephen ; first person sacrificed in any
cause.

Pro'to-plasm (pro'to-plaz'm), n. Viscid material
in vegetable and animal cells, which furnishes
the beginning of nutrition and growth in all liv-
ing organisms. — Pro'tO-plast (-plSst), n. Thing
first formed, as a copy to be imitated ; an orig-
inal ; a prototype.

Pro'to-type (pro'to-tip), n. Original or model
after which anything is copied ; pattern ; exem-
plar.

Pro-tract' ( pro-trakt' ), v. t. To draw out or
lengthen; to prolong; to defer; to retard. — Pro-
tract'er, n. One who protracts ; a protractor. —
Pro-tract'or (-er), n. Mathematical instrument
for laying down angles on
paper; surgical instruments
for extracting foreign matter
from a wound. — Pro-trac'- =
tlon (-trSk'shiin), n. A draw- fl** I
ing out. — Pro - tract ' ive Protractor.

(-trakt'Tv), a. Drawing out
or lengthening ; prolonging ; delaying.

Pro-trude' (prS-triid'). v. t. & ?'. To thrust out ;
to shoot forward. — Pro-tru'sion (-tru'zhun), n.
A thrusting forward. —Pro-tTU'sive (-siv), a.
Thrusting forward.

Pro-tU'ber-ance ( pr6-tu'ber-<rns ), re. Anything
swelled beyond the adjacent surface ; projec-
tion. — Pro-tU'ber-ant (-ant), a. Prominent. —
Pro-tu'ber-ate (-at), v. i. To swell beyond the
adjacent surface ; to bulge out. — Pro-tu'ber-a'-
tion (-a'shiiii), n. A swelling.

Proud (proud), a. Feeling or manifesting pride ;
having inordinate self-esteem ; conceited ; ar-
rogant ; lofty ; splendid. — Proud flesh. A
fungous growth or excrescence in a wound or
ulcer. — Proud'ly, adv.

6, e, I, o, u, long ; a, c, 1, 6, ix, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, 6bey, tlnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

PROVABLE

337

PTARMIGAN

Prov'a-ble ( proov'a-b'l ), a. Capable of being
proved.

Prove (proov), v. t. & i. To try or ascertain by
experiment, test, or standard ; to verily ; to
establish ; to show ; to demonstrate.

PTOV'en-der ( prQv'eu-der ), «. Dry food for
beasts, as corn, hay, oats, etc.

Prov'erb (prSv'erb), n. An old and common say-
ing ; sentence briefly expressing some practical
truth; paradoxical assertion; maxim; adage;
a saw. — Pro-Ver'bi-al (pro-ver'bi-al), a. Per-
taining to, or comprised in, a proverb ; univer-
sally acknowledged. — Pro-ver'bi-al-ly, adv.

Pro-Vide' (pro-vid'), v. t. To look out for in ad-
vance ; to make ready for future use ; to pre-
pare ; to supply. — v. i. To procure supplies ; to
f urniah ; to stipulate previously. — Pro-Vid'ed,
conj. On condition ; if ; — followed by that. —
Pro-vid'er, n. — Prov'i-dent (pr5v'I-deut), a.
Foreseeing ; cautious ; careful ; prudent ; fru-
gal. — Prov'i-dence (-dens), n. A providing or
preparing for future use ; foresight and care
which God exercises over his creatures. — Prov7-
1-den/tial (-dSu'shal), a. Effected by, or refer-
able to, providence. — ProVi-den'tial-ly, adv.

Province (proVhis), n. A district or portion of
an empire, or state, remote from the capital ; a
region of country ; tract ; division in any de-
partment of knowledge ; business ; duty ; call-
ing. — Pro-Vin'cial (pro-viu'shal), a. Of or per-
taining to a province ; exhibiting the ways or
manners of a province ; not cosmopolitan ; un-
polished ; rude ; narrow ; illiberal. — n. One
belonging to a province ; one having direction of
religious houses of a fraternity in a given dis-
trict. — Pro- vin'cial-ism (-Tz'm), n. Manner
of Bpeech or thought characteristic of a prov-
ince ; narrowness ; illiberality.

Pro-VPsion (pro-vtzh'un), n. A providing ; meas-
ures taken beforehand ; stock of food collected
or stored ; condition ; previous agreement ;
proviso ; temporary arrangement. — v. t. To
supply with food. — Pro-vPsion-al (-al), a. Pro-
vided for present need ; temporary. — Pro-VP-
slon-al-ly, adv. — Pro-vi'sion-a-ry (-a-ry), a.
Provisional.

Pro-vPso (pro-vi'zo), n. ; pi. Provisos (-zoz).
Conditional stipulation. — Pro-vi'so-ry (-zo-ry),
a. Containing a proviso ; conditional ; tem-
porary.

Pro-VOkV (pro-vok')» v. t. [Provoked (-vokf) ;
Provoking.] To call forth; to stimulate; to
irritate ; to offend. — Provo-ca'tion ( pr5v'6-
ka'shuu), n. A provoking ; that which excites
anger. — Pro- VO'ca-tive (pro -vo'ka-tiv), a.
Tending to provoke or
stimulate. — n. A
stimulant.

Prov'ost (prbVSst), n.
Chief magistrate of a
city or town ; head of
a college. — Provost
marshal (oftm pron.
pro-vo'). A military or
naval officer charged
with police and disci-
pi in ary administra-
tion.

Prow (prou), n. The fore part of a ship ; the bow.

Prow'esS (prou'Ss), n. Distinguished bravery ;
valor.

Prow of Ancient Galley.

Prowl (proul), v. /. & i. [Prowled ( prould ) ;
Prowling.] To rove, esp. for prey ; to plunder.

— ProwPer, n.

Prox'i-mate ( prSks'T-mat ), a. Next preceding
or following ; closest ; direct. — Proximate-
ly, adv. — Prox-im'i-ty (proks-Tin'i-ty), n. —
Prox'i-mo (pr5ks'I-niS), n. [Lat., on the next.]
The next month.

Prox'y (pr5ks'y), n. ; pi. Proxies (-Tz). Agency
of one who acts as substitute lor another ; one
deputed to act for another ; writing by which
one person authorizes another to vote in his
place.

Prude (prud), n. A woman of affected or exagger-
ated modesty. — Prud'er-y, n. Affected scru-
pulousness ; coyness. — Prud'ish, a. Very
formal, precise, or reserved.

Pm'dence (pru'dens), n. State of being prudent ;
judiciousness ; discretion ; judgment. — PnP-
dent (-dent), a. Practically wise ; careful ; eco-
nomical; discreet; judicious; provident. — PnP-
denUy, adv. — Pru-den'tial (pru-dgn'shai), a.
Proceeding from, or prescribed by, prudence ;
discretionary; advisory. — Pru-den'tial-ly, adv.

Prud'er-y, Prud'ish. See under Prude, n.

Prune (prim), v. t. [Pruned (prund) ; Pruning.]
To lop or cut off (superfluous branches of trees) ;
to trim; to dress, as a bird its feathers.—/', i. To
dress ; to prink. — Prun'er, n. — Prun'ing, n.
A trimming. — Pruning hook, knife, shears.
Implements for trimming trees, shrubs, etc.

Prune (prun), n. A dried plum ; sometimes, a
fresh plum.

Pms'sian (prBsh'an or prus'shan), a. Of or
pertaining to Prussia. — n. Citizen of Prussia.

— Prussian blue. Coloring substance obtained
from cyanides of ferrous iron, used in dyeing,
making ink, etc. — Prus'sic (priis'sTk or prus'-
sTk), a. Pertaining to Prussian blue. — Prussia
acid. Hydrocyanic acid, a virulent poison.

Pry (pri), v. i. [Pried; Prying.] To inspect
closely; to peep. — n. Curious inspection ; im-
pertinent peeping. — Pry'ing, a. Inquisitive.

Pry (pri), n. A lever. — v. t. To raise with a
lever ; to prize.

Psalm (sam), n. A sacred song ; hymn. — Psalm'-
ist (saui'Tst), n. Writer of sacred songs. —
PsaPmo-dy (sSl'mS-dy or sam'6-dy), n. The
singing of psalms ; sacred song collectively. —
PsaPmo-dist n.

Psal'ter (sal'ter), n. The Book of Psalms, esp.
as printed in the Book of Common Prayer.

PsaPter-y (sal'ter-J-), n. A Hebrew stringed in-
strument of music.

Pseu'do-nym (su'do-nTm), n. A fictitious name ;
a pen name. [Written also pseudonyme."] —
Pseu-don'y-mous (su-d5n1-mus), a. "Bearing
a false name.

Pshaw (sha), inter j. Pish ! pooh ! — exclamation
of contempt or dislike.

Psy'chic (si'kTk), a. Pertaining to the soul or to
the living principle in man.

Psy-choPo-gy (st-koPo-jJr), n. Science of the
powers and functions of the soul. — Psy'ChO-
log'ic (si'k6--i5j'Tk), Psy'cho-log'ic-al (-T-k«i),

a. Pertaining to psychology. — Psy-choPo-gist
(st-kSKo-jTst), n. One versed in psychology.
Ptar'mi-gan (tar'mT-gflrn), n. Bird of the Grouse
family, having feathered feet, most species
being brown in summer, and turning white in
winter.

fern, recent, orb, ruue, lull, inn, lood, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PTOLEMAIC

338

PUMP

Ptol'e-ma'ic (tSl'e-ma'Tk), a. Pertaining to
Ptolemy, ancient geographer and astronomer.

Pto'ma-ine (to'ma-Tn), n. A poisonous alkaloid
formed in decaying matter.

Pty'a-lism (ti'a-lTz'm), n. Salivation.

PuVliC (pur/Ilk), a. Pertaining to the people ;
relath g to a nation or community ; open to the
knowled ,-e of all or to common use ; general ;
notorious. — n. The body of the people. — In

JJUblic In open view ; before the people at
arge. — PuVlic-ly, adv. - Pub-lic'i-ty (-lls'I-
ty), n. State of being public ; notoriety.

Pub/li-can (pub'lT-kan), n. The keeper of an inn
or public house.

Pub'll-ca'tion (pub'lT-ka'shun), n. A publishing
or making known ; the offering a work to the
public by sale or by gratuitous distribution ;
work offered for public circulation.

Pub'li-cist (pub'lT-sist), n. A writer on the laws
of nature and nations.

PuVlish (pul/lTsh), v. t. [Published (-ITsht) ;
Publishing.] To make public; to divulge ; to
proclaim (a law or edict); to make known by
posting, or by reading in a church ; to put forth
(a book or other work) ; to put into circulation.

— PuVlish-er, n.

Puck'er (puk^er), v. t. Te gather into small folds
or wrinkles ; to corrugate. — n. Fold ; wrinkle ;
state of perplexity ; bother.

Pud'dlng ( pud'dTng ), n. Soft food variously
made, but often a compound of flour, with milk
and eggs ; anything resembling pudding in soft-
ness, consistency, etc.

Pud'dle (pud'd'l), n. A small quantity of dirty
standing water ; mixture of clay and sand,
worked together with water, until it is imper-
vious to water. — v. t. To make foul or muddy ;
to make thick or close (with clay, sand, water,
etc.) and impervious to water ; to deprive (iron)
of carbon and other impurities.

Pudg'y (puj'jf), a. Short and fat; dumpy;
stumpy. — Pud'gi-ness, n.

Pu'ei-ile (pu'er-Tl), a. Boyish ; trifling : child-
ish ; juvenile. — Pu'er-il'i-tyt-Tl'T-t?), a. Child-
ishness ; a silly or insipid expression.

Pufi (puf), n. A sudden or short blast of wind ;
a whiff; anything light and filled with air ; a dry,
fungous ball containing dust ; light pastry . ex-
aggerated praise, esp. in
a public journal. —v. i.
& t. [Puffed (puft);
Puffing.] To blow with
whiffs; to swell with air;
to inflate with pride, flat-
tery, etc. — Puff 'er, n

— Puff'er-y(-^),ra. Ex-
travagant commenda-
tion. -Puff 'ball' (-bal'),
n. A fungus or mush-
room full of dust. —
Puffy (-?), a. Swelled ;
inflated ; bombastic. —
Puff i-ness. n.

Puffin (pttf'fYn), n. An

Arctic diving bird, allied Tuffin.

to the auk.

Pug (pug), n. A monkey ; a small kind of dog,
having a deformed nose and head.

Pugh (poo), inter j. Pshaw ! pish ! —used in con-
tempt or disdain.

Pu'gll (pii'jil), n. As much as can be taken up

between the thumb and first two fingers. — Pu'-
gil-lsm ( -Tz'm ),n n. Boxing or fighting with
fists. — Pu'gil-ist (-1st), n. A boxer. — Pu'gll-
is'tic (-ts'tik), a. Pertaining to boxing.

Pug-na'ci0US (pug-na'shiis), a. Disposed to fight ;
quarrelsome. — Pug-nac'i-ty ( -nas'i-ty ), n.
Quarrelsomeness.

Pug' nose7 (pug' noz/), n. A short, thick nose ;
a snub nose.

Puls'ne (pu'ii^), a. Younger ; inferior in rank.

Pu'ls-sant (pu'Ts-sant), a. Powerful; strong;
mighty ; forcible. — Pu'is-sant-ly, adv.

Pule (pul), v. i. To cry like a chicken or a com-
plaining child ; to whimper ; to whine.

Pull (pul), v. I. & i. [Pulled (puld) , Pulling.]
To draw ; to drag ; to haul ; to pluck ; to tug.
— ». A drawing forcibly; contest; struggle;
handle ; advantage. — Pulfback (pul'bak), n.
That which keeps back, or restrains ; a draw-
back.

Pul'let (pullSt), n. A young hen.

Pul'ley (pul'ly), n. ; pi. Pulleys (-ITz). A wheel
for transmitting, impart- c
ing, or changing the direc-
tion of, power in machin-
ery, by means of a belt,
cord, or rope.

Pull'man car' (pul 'man
kar'). Sleeping car or par-
lor car.

Pul'mo-na-ry (pul'm6-n£-

rf), Pul-mon'iC (-mon'- Pulley.

Tk), a. Pertaining to, or
affecting, the lungs. — Pul-mon'ic, n. Medi-
cine for the lungs.

Pulp (pulp), n. A soft, moist, slightly cohering
mass of animal or vegetable matter, as the sue-,
culent part of fruit, material of which paper is
made, etc.— Pulp'y (-y), Pulp'OUS (-fife), a.
Like pulp ; soft ; succulent.

Pul'pit (pul'pit), n. Elevated desk for a preacher.

Pul'sate (pfil'sat), v. i. To beat or throb. — Pul'-
sa-tile (-sa-tTJ), a. Capable of being struck ;
played by beating. — Pul-sa'tlon (-sa'sl.un), n.
A beating ; throb ; stroke. — Pul'sa-tire (pul'-
sa-tlv), Pul'sa-tO-ry (-to-r^), a. Throbbing.

Pulse (puis), n. The beating or throbbing of the
heart or blood vessels, esp. of the arteries ;
measured or regular beat ; oscillation ; vibra-
tion. — v. i. [Pulsed (pulst) ; Pulsing (pul'-
sTng).] To beat, as the arteries ; to pulsate.

Pulse (puis), n Leguminous plants, or their
seeds, as beans, peas, etc.

Pul-som'e-ter (pfil-sfimf-ter), n. Vacuum pump ;
a pump with no piston, the steam acting directly
on the water.

Pul'ver-ize (pul'ver-Iz ), V. t. To reduce to fine
powder by beating, grinding, etc. — v. i. To
turn to powder ; to fall to dust. — Pul'ver-1-
za'tion (-T-7a'shun), n. A reducing to powder.
— Pul-ver'U-lent ( -v6r'u-lent ), a. Consisting
of fine powder ; powdery ; dusty.

Pu'ma (pii'ma), n. An American carnivorous an-
imal ; the catamount ; cougar : panther.

Pum'ice (piimTs), to. Porous substance ejected
from volcanoes. — Pu-ml'ce0US (pu-niYsh'us),
a. Consisting of, or resembling, pumice.

Pump fpfimp), n. A low, thin-soled shoe.

Pump (pump), n. An engine for raising or trans-
ferring fluids. — v. t. [Pumped (pfimt); Pump-
ing.] To raise (water, etc.) with a pump; to

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

PUMPKIN

339

PURITAN

draw out by artful interrogatories-; to examine
by questions to elicit secrets from. — v. i. To
work a pump ; to raise water with a pump.

Pump'kin (pump'ki'n), n. A vine ; also, its fruit,
ediole when cooked.

Pun (pun), n. Word or expression capable of
different minings ; quibble. — v. i. [Punned
(pund); PuniTing.] To play upon words; to
use the sain vvord in two senses.

Punch (pGncl »), i. Drink composed of spirituous
liquors, variously flavored.

Punch (punch), n. A buffoon of a puppet show.

Punch (punch)., n. Tool for stamping, perforating
holes in metal, etc. ; a blow; a thrust.—?', t.
[Punched (puucht) ; Punching.] To perforate ;
to strike. — Punch'er, n.

Punch (punch), n. A short, fat fellow ; a heavy
draught horse.

Punch/eon (pGnch'un), n. A tool for piercing,
staiuping, etc. ; a punch ; a cask containing from
84 to 120 gallons.

Punc-tirio (punk-tll'yo), n. Nice point of exact-
ness in conduct ; ceremoniousness. — Punc-til'-
iOUS (-yGs), a. Attentive to punctilio; cere-
monious. — Pune-til'ious-ly, adv. — Punc-til'-
ious-ness, n.

Punc'tu-al (DGnk'tu-al), a. Observant of nice
points ; punctilious ; adhering to an appoint-
ment ; prompt ; precise ; accurate. — Punc'tU-
al-ly, adv. - Punc'tu-al'i-ty (-Sit-ty), ».

PuntftU-ate (pBnk'tu-at), v. t. To separate (into
sentences, clauses, etc.) by points. — Punc'tU-
a'tlon (-a'shiin), n. The punctuating a writ-
ing.

Punc'ture (pGnk'tur), n. A perforating or per-
foration ; a small hole made by a point. — v. I.
To pierce ; to prick.

Pun'dit (pQn'dTt), n. A learned Brahmin.

Pung (pung), n. A one-horse sleigh.

Pun'gent (pQn'jent), a. Pricking; piercing ; bit-
ing ; keen ; acrimonious ; severe. — Pun'gent-
ly, adv. — Pun'gen-cy (-j«i-s^), a.

Pu'nlc (pu'nik), a. Pertaining to, or like, the
Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous.

Pun'lsh (punish), v. t. [Punished (-Tsht) : Pun-
ishing.] To afflict with pain for a crime or
a fault ; to chastise ; to castigate ; to whip ; to
discipline. — Pun'ish-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Liable
to punishment ; capable of being punished. —
Pun'ish-er, n. — Pun'ish-ment, n. A punish-
ing ; pain indicted because of offense. — Pu'ni-
tlve (pu'nT-tT v), a. Pertaining to punishment.

Punk (pQnk), n. Fungus or decayed wood, used
as tinder ; touchwood ; artificial tinder.

Pun'ka (pQn'ka), Pun'kah, n. Suspended frame
for fanning a room, — used in India, etc.

Pun'ster (pun'ster), n. One who makes puns.

Punt (pGnt), n. A flat-bottomed boat. — v. t. To

Punt.

propel (a boat) by a pole thrust against the bot-
tom of a stream, pond, etc. ; to kick (a dropped
football) before it touches the ground.

Pupa and Caterpillar
of Peacock butterfly.

Pu'ny (pu'n^), a. [Puniee; Puniest.] Small
and feeole ; inferior ; petty.

Pup (pup), n. A puppy ; a young seal. — v. i. & t.
[Pupped (pupt); Pupping.] To bring forth
(puppies).

Pu'pa (pu'pa), n. An insect in a stage of devel-
opment before maturity ;
a chrysalis.

Pu'pil (pu'pil), n. Small
opening in the iris through
which the rays of light
pass to the retina ; scholar
under the care of an in-
structor. — Pu ' pil - age
(-aj), n. State of being a
pupd.

Pup'pet (puppet), n. Doll ;
a figure moved by a wire
in a mock drama.

Pup'py (pup'p^), n. ; pi. Puppies (-piz). A pup ;
a young dog ; a whelp ; a person contemptible
from insignificance and conceit. — Pup'py-ish,
a. Like a puppy. — Pup'py-ism (-Tz'ui), n. Ex-
treme meanness, affectation, or conceit.

PUT (pflr), v. i. [Pureed (pOrd) ; Purring.] To
utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a
cat. — v. t. To express by purring. — n. Sound
made by a contented cat. [Written also purr.}

Pur'blind' (pfir'bllnd'), a. Nearsighted or dim-
sighted ; seeing obscurely. — Pur'blind'ness, n.

Pur'chase (pfir'ch'as), v. t. [Purchased (-chast) ;
Purchasing.] To buy ; to obtain by outlay ; to
procure. — n. Acquisition of anything for a
price ; thing bought ; property ; acquisition ;
mechanical hold or force applied to the moving
of heavy bodies, as by a lever, capstan, etc. —
Pur'chas-a-ble ( -a-b'l ), a. Capable of being
purchased. — Pur'chas-er, n.

Pure (pur), a. Separate from that which defiles
or blemishes ; unmixed ; clear ; real ; genuine ;
uncorrupted ; clean ; fair ; chaste ; innocent ;
holy. — Pure'ly, adv. — Pure'ness, Pu'ri-ty
(pu'rf-ty), n. — Pur'iSt (pur'ist), n. One nice
in the choice of words. — Pur'ism (-Tz'm), n.
Niceness, esp. in use of language ; over-solici-
tude as to purity. — Pu'ri-fy (pu'rT-fn, v. t. & i.
To cleanse ; to refine. — Pu'ri-li/er (-ii'er), n.

— Pu'ri-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shQn), n. A purify-
ing ; cleansing from sin.

Pur-ga'tlon (pGr-ga'shGn), n. A purging or puri-
fying ; a cleansing from imputation of guilt. —
Pur'ga-tive (pur'ga-tlv), a. Having power of
purging ; cathartic. — n. A purgative medicine.

PUT'ga-tO-ry (pur'ga-to-ry), a. Tending to purge
or cleanse ; expiatory. — n. Place or state in
which (as taught by the Roman Catholic Church)
the souls of persons expiate such offenses com-
mitted in this life as do not merit eternal dam-
nation. — Pur'ga-tO'ri-al (-tc^rf-al), a. Per-
taining to purgatory.

Purge (pUrj), v. t. [Purged (ptirjd) : Purging
(pur'jtng).] To render pure ; to purify ; to
cleanse ; to clear from accusation or from guilt.

— v. i. To become pure; to have excessive
evacuations from the intestines. — n. A pur-
ging ; medicine that evacuates the intestines ; a
carthartic. — Pur'ger, ».

Pu'ri-fy (pu'vT-fi), Pu'ri-fi-ca'tion, Pur'ist, etc.

See under Pure, a.
Pu'ri-tan (pii'rT-tfln), n. A dissenter from the

Church of England in the 16th and 17th centuries:

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

PUKITANIC

340

PYRIFORM

one strict in his religious life. — a. Pertaining
to or characterizing the Puritans. — Pu'ri-tan'ic
(pu'rl-tSn'Ik), Pu'ri-tail'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Per-
taining to the Puritans, or their practice ; over-
scrupulous ; rigid. — Pu'ri-tan'ic-al-ly, adv. —
Pu'ri-tan-ism (pu'rl-tan-iz'in), n. Notions or
practice of Puritans.

Pu'ri-ty, n. See under Puke, a.

Purl (pfirl), n. To decorate with fringe or em-
broidery. — n. An embroidered border ; fringe ;
inversion of stitches in knitting, causing a ribbed
appearance. — v. t. To trim with fringe, etc.

Purl (pfirl), v. i. To run swiftly round, as a
small stream among stones ; to eddy ; to mur-
mur, as running water. — n. An eddy ; ripple ;
sound of flowing water ; spiced malt liquor.

Purlieu (pur'lu), n. Outer portion of a place ;
environs.

Pur'lin (pfir'lin), PuT'line, n. Horizontal tim-
ber supporting rafters.

Pur-loin' (pfir-loin'), v. t. [Purloined (-loind') ;
Purloining.] To steal ; to filch ; to pilfer. —
Pur-loin'er, n.

Pur'ple (pfir'p'l), n. A color composed of red and
blue ; royal rank ; exalted station. — a. Of the
color called purple; regal; imperial; blood-
red ; bloody. — v. t. To make purple ; to dye of
a deep red.

Pur'port ( pfir'port ), n. Design or tendency ;
meaning ; import. — v. t. To intend ; to sig-
nify ; to profess.

Pur'pose (pfir'pus), n. An object to be reached ;
end ; aim. — v. t. [Purposed (-pQst) ; Purpos-
ing.] To design ; to intend ; to mean. — Pur'-
pose-ly, adv. By design ; intentionally.

Purr, r. i. See Pur.

Purse (pfirs), n. A bag to carry money in ; treas-
ury ; sum of money offered as a prize or pres-
ent. — v. t. To put in a purse , to contract (the
brow, mouth, etc.) into wrinkles, like the mouth
of a purse. — Purse 'proud' (- proud ' ), a.
Proud of wealth ;
elated by riches. —

Purse crab. A

fruit - eating land
crab of the islands
of the Pacific and
Indian Oceans,
sometimes exceed-
ing 20 pounds in

weight. — Purse

net. A fishing net
whose mouth may
be drawn together
like a purse.

Purs'er (pfirs'er), n.
A paymaster of a
ship.

Pur'Si-ness (pfir'si-ngs), n,
sy ; shortness of breath.

Pur-sue7 (pfir-su'), v. t. [Pursued (-sud') ; Pur-
suing.] To follow ; to chase ; to seek. — v. i.
To go on ; to proceed. — Pur-SU'er, n. — PUT-
SU'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being, or fit to
be, pursued. — Pur-SU'ance (-<7ns), n. A pursu-
ing or prosecuting ; consequence. — Pur-SU'ant
(-/mt), a. Done in consequence ; according. —
Pur-SUit' (-suf), n. A following with haste ;
chase ; business ; occupation ; prosecution.

Pur'SUi-vant (pGr'swfc-vant), n. A state mes-
senger.

Purse Crab.
State of being pur-

PUT'sy (pfir'sy), a. Inflated ; swelled ; fat,
short, and thick ; short-breathed.

Pu'ru-lent (pu'ru-lent), a. Consisting of, or per-
taining to, pus.

Pur-vey' (pur-va'), v. t. & i. [Pufvfyed (-vad') ;
Purveying.] To furnish ; to provide ; to cater.

— Pur-vey'or, n. — Pur-vey'ar«e (-ems), n. A
providing or procuring ; provif.io.ns ; food.

Pur'view (pQr'vu), n. Body of -tatute ; limit ;
scope ; extent.

PUS (pus), n. Matter ; a yellovvifh-white liquid
produced by suppuration of a wove, ulcer, etc.

Push (push), v. t. & i. [Pushed (pusht) ; Push-
ing. ] To press or urge ; to drive. — n. A thrust ;
impulse ; emergency. — Push'er, n.

Pu'Sil-lan'1-mous (pu'sTl-lSn'T-mii.-), a. Without
manly courage ; cowardly ; feeble. — Pu'sil-
la-nim'i-ty (-la-nlm'T-ty), ».

Puss (pus), Puss'y (-y), n. A cat ; a hare.

Pus'tule (pus'tul), n. A pimple containing pus.

— Pus'tu-lous (-tu-liis), a. Covered with pus-
tules. — Pus'tu-late (-tu-lat), v. t. To form into
pustules, or blisters.

Put (put), v. t. [Put ; Putting.] To place ; to
lay ; to set ; to apply ; to express ; to urge. — »
v . i. To go or move ; to steer ; to direct.

Pu'ta-tive (pu'ta-tiv), a. Commonly thought j
supposed ; reputed.

Put/log' (put'log'), n. A timber supporting the
floor of a i caff old.

Put'-ofl' (put'of), n. A shift for delay ; an eva-
sion ; an excuse.

Put'-out' (put/out'), a- Vexed ; annoyed ; angry.

Pu'trid (pu'trid), a. Tending to decay ; decom-
posed ; rotten. — Pu-trid'i-ty (pu-trTd'T-ty),

Pu'trid-ness (pu'tild-ngs), n. — Pu'tre-fy (pu'-
tre-fi4 v. t. & i. [Putrefied (-fid) ; Putrefy-
ing.]" To foul ; to rot. — Pu'tre-fac'tion (pu7-
tre-fak'shun), n. A putrefying ; that which is
putrefied. — Pu'tre-fac'tive (-tTv), a. Pertain-
ing to, or causing, putrefaction. — Pu-tres'cence
(pu-treVeens), n. State of rotting. — Pu-tres'-
cent (-sent), a. Becoming putrid.

Put'ty (put'ty), n. Paste or cement of whiting
and linseed oil. — v. t. [Puttied (-tld) ; Put-
tying.] To cement or stop up with putty.

Puz'Zle (puz'z'l), n. Perplexity ; toy or problem
taxing one's ingenuity. — v. t. [Puzzled (-z'ld) ;
Puzzling.] To perplex ; to embarrass ; to be-
wilder ; to confound.

Pyg'my (pTg'my), n. ; pi. Pygmies (-miz). A
dwarf ; insignificant person. — Pyg'my, Pyg-
me/an (pYg-me'an), a. Dwarfish ; very small
or contemptible.

llPy-Ja'ma (pt-ja/ma), n. Oriental loose trou-
sers; a nightdress with legs. [Written also
paijama.]

HPy-lo'rus (pT-lo'rQs), n. ; pi. Pylori (-ri). Open-
ing from the stomach to the intestine. — Py-
lor'ic (-lor'Tk), a. Pertaining to the pylorus.

Pyr'a-mid (pYr'a-mYd), n. A solid having a rec-
tilinear base, and terminating
in a point at the top. — Py-

ram'i-dal ( pT - rSm ' T - dol ),

Pyr'a-mid'ic (pYr'a-mTdTk),

Pyr'a-mid'ic-al (-T-kol),

Having the form of a pyramid.
Pyre (pir), n. A funeral pile

a pile to be burnt.
Pyr'i-form(pTr'T-f6rm), a. Hav- Pyramids.

ing the form of a pear.

4*

a, e, I, *>, O, long ; &, C, I, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

PYRITES

341

QUAGMIRE

Py-ll'tes (pT-ri'tez), n. Metallic mineral, com-
biuiug sulphur with iron, copper, cobalt, or
nickel.

Py-rol'o-gy (pt-rol'o-jy), n. Science of, or a trea-
tise oiij neat.

Py-rom'e-ter (pt-rom'e-ter), n. An instrument
measuring degrees of heat above those indicated
by the mercurial thermometer.

Pyr'o-tech'nic (pTr'6-tek'uik), Pyr'o-tech'nic-al

(-nl-kul), a. Pertaining to fireworks. — Pyr/O-
tech'nics(-niks), Pyr'o-tech'ny (plr'6-tek'uy),
n. Art of making are works. — Pyr'O-tech'niSt
(-tek'uist), n. One skilled in pyrotecnuy ; a
maker of fireworks.

Pyl'rhiC (pTr'ri k), n. An ancient military dance ;
a metrical foot of ten short syllables.

PyrThO-nlsni (plr'ro-niz'in), n. Skepticism ;
universal doubt.

Pyth'a-gO're-an (pTth'a-go're-an or pT-thag'6-re'-
an), a. Pertaining to the Greek philosopher
Pythagoras, his philosophy, or the commonly

received system of astronomy first taught "by

him. — n. A follower of Py-
thagoras.
Py'thon (pi'thon), n. A large

snake of the bo >. kind ; diviner

by spirits.— Pyth'0-ness (pith'-

o - nes ), n. Priestess who gave

oracular answers at Delphi, in

Greece ; a witch. — Py-thoa'ic

(pl-thon'ik), a. Oracular.

Pyx (pTks), n. Box,
in Roman Catholic
churches, contain-
ing the Host ; box
containing stand-
ard coins in a mint ; box containing
the magnetic compass on ships. — »
v. t. To test (purity of coins).
iPyx-id'i-Um (piks-TdT-uro), n A
seed pod whicli divides into halves*

Pyx.

Pyxidium.

of which the upper serves as a lid.

Q.

Hi:

Quack (kwXk), v. i. [Quacked (kw&Tit) ; Quack-
ing.] To cry like a duck ; to boast. — a. Cry of
the duck ; boastful pretender to medical skill ;
a mountebank ; a charlatan. — a. Pertaining to
quackery ; used by quacks. — Quack' er-y (-er-
$), n. Practice of a quack ; empiricism.

HQuad'ra-ges'i-ma (kwofia-jeVi-ma), n. The
forty days of fast preceding Easter ; Lent. —
Quad'ra-ges'i-mal (-mal), a. Belonging to, or
used in, Lent.

Quad'ran-gle (kwod'riin-g'l), n. Any
geometrical plane figure of 4 angles
and 4 sides. — Quad -ran' gu- lar
(kw&M-rSn'gu-ler), a. Having four
angles. " Quadran-

Quad'rant (kwoPmnt), n. Quarter of gle-
a circle; an arc of 9(P; an instrument for meas-
uring altitudes. — Quad - ran ' tal
(kw5d-r£u'tal), a. Pertaining to
a quadrant.

Quad'rat (kwol'rett), n. A piece of
type metal, lower than the letters,
to leave a blank space on the paper,
when printed. [Abbrev. quad.'] a a Quad-

Quad'rate (kw&d'rat), a. Square; runts.
divisible by four ; suited ; applicable. — n. A
square. — V. i. To agree ; to suit ; to corre-
spond ; to square ; to tit. — Quad-rat'ic (kwod-
rX'Tk), a. Pertaining to a square; square. —
Quadratic equation. Equation in which the
highest power ot the unknown quantity is a
square. — Quad'ra-ture (kw5 l'ra-tur), n. A
square; the rinding a square having the same
area as a given curvilinear figure.

Quad-ren'ni-al (kwSd-ren'nf-al), a.
or occurring once in four years.

Quad'ri-lat'er-al (kw5 Prf-iaVer-ai)

four sides and four angles. — n. _ .

A plane figure having four sides /
and four angles. /

Quadrille' (kwa-drll' or ka-dnl'), /

n. Game played by four persons <- '

with forty cards ; a dance having Quadri!ateral
four couples in each set.

Comprising
a. Having

Quad-rll'llon (kw5d-rTPyQn), n. By English no*
taiio.i, the 4th power of a million, or a unit with
24 ciphers annexed ; by French notation, the 5th
power of a thousand, or a unit with 15 ciphers.

Quad'ri-syl'la-hle (kwSd'ri-sii'ia-b'l), n. A word

of four syllables.

Quad-roon' (kwod-roon'), n. The offspring of a
mulatto and a white person.

Quad-ni/ma-n0US (kwod-ru/uia-nu3), a. Having
four hands.

Quad'ru-ped (kwod'ru-pe'd), a. Having four
feet. — n. A four-footed animal.

Quad'ru-ple (kwod'ru-p'l), a. Fourfold ; four
times told. — n. Four times the sum or num*
har.— v. t. [Quadrupled (-p'ld); Quadrupling.]
To multiply by four ; to double twice ; to in-
crease fourfold. — Quad-ru'pli-cate (kwS'-ru/-
plT-ka1:), a. Fourfold. — v. t. To quadruple.
— Quad ru-pli-ca'tion (kwod/ru-pli-ka'shun),
n. A making fourfold.

I Quffl're (kwe're), v. impera. Inquire ; see.

Quaff (kwa:), v. t. & i. [Quaffed (kwaft);
Quaffing.] To drink copiously. — Quaff 'er, n.

Quag'ga (k\\ ag'ga), n. A South African wild ass.

Qua;

Quag'gy (kwSg'g^), a. Of the nature of a quag*
mire ; trembling; under the foot ; soft ; spongy.
— Quag'mire' (-mir'), n. Soft, wet land.

fern, recenc, orb, rude, full, urn, lood, loot, out, oil, cliair, go, siug, ink, tiien,

QUAHAUG

342

QUEEN'S METAL

An edible

European Quail.
a Adult ; b Young.

Qualiaug, Qua'hog (kwa'hog), n
American clam ; the round clam.

Quail (kwal), v. i. [Quailed (kwald) ; Quail-
ing.] To become quelled; to lose spirit; to
shrink ; to cower.

Quail (kwal), n. A gallinaceous bird of the par-
tridge kind ; bobwhite.

Quaint (kwant), a. Char-
acterized by ingenuity
or art; subtle ; an-
tique ; fancitul ; odd ;
whimsical ; unusual. —

Quaint'ly, adv. —
Quaint'ness, n.

Quake (kwak), v. i.
[Quaked (kwakt) ;
Quaking.] To tremble;
to quiver ; to shudder.
— n. A shake ; a trem-
bling; a shudder. —
Quak'er, n. One who
quakes ; one of the religious sect of Friends. —
Quak/er-ish, a. Like or pertaining to Quak-
ers. — Quak'er-ism (-Tz'm), n. Peculiar char-
acter, manners, or worship of the Quakers.

Qual'i-fy (kwolf-fi), v. t. [Qualified (-fid);
Qualifying.] To lit ; to prepare ; to adapt ; to
modify ; to restrict ; to restrain. — r. i. To
become qualified. — Qual'i-fi'er (-fFer), n. —
QuaTi-fi/a-ble (-fi'a-b'l), a. Capable of being
qualified ; abatable. — QuaTi-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'-
shun), n. A qualifying ; condition or acquire-
ment which qualifies ; a limiting ; diminution.

Qual'i-ty (kwol'i-ty), n. Nature ; character ; dis-
tinguishing property, characteristic, or attri-
bute ; station ; rank.

Qualm (kwani), n. Sudden attack of illness,
faintness, etc. ; a scruple of conscience. —
Qualm'ish, a. Sick at the stomach ; affected
with nausea.

Quan'da-ry (kwon'da-ry' or kwon-da'rjf), n. ; pi.
Quandaries (-rlz). State of difficulty or per-
plexity ; a dilemma.

Quan'ti-ty (kwon'tT-tjf), n. ; pi. Quantities (-tiz).
Property of being measurable, or capable of in-
crease and decrease ; certain portion or part ;
considerable amount.

Quan'tum (kwSn'tfim), n. ; pi. Quanta (-ta).
Quantity ; amount.

Quar'an-tine (kwor'an-ten), n. Enforced isola-
tion of a ship arriving in port, and thought to
be infected with contagious disease ; inhibition
of intercourse. — (-ten'), v. t. [Quarantined
(-tend') ; Quarantining.] To put in quarantine.

Quar'rel (kw5r'r51), n. An angry contest; a
broil ; a feud ; a dispute ; contention. — v. i.
[Quarreled (-r51d) or Quarrelled ; Quarrel-
ing or Quarrelling.] To dispute violently ;
to wrangle; to find fault. — Quar'rel-er, n. —
Quar/rel-SOme(-sum), a. Apt to quarrel ; iras-
cible. — Quar/rel-some-ly, adv. — Quar'rel-
some-ness. n.

Quar/ry (kwSr'rjf), n. An object of chase ; game
hunted for by hawking. — v. i. To prey.

Quar/ry (kwSr'r^), n. A place where stones are
cut or dug from the earth for building, etc. —
r. t. To take from a quarry.

Quart (kwart), v. The fourth part of a gallon;
two pints. — Quar'tan (k\var't«n)( a. Of or
pertaining to the fourth. — it. An intermitting
ague that occurs every fourth day.

Quar'ter (kwar'ter), n. One of four equal parts
into which a thing is divided ; fourth of a hun-
dredweight, being 28 or 25 pounds; fourth of
a ton, or eight bushels ; fourth part of the
year ; region ; territory ; locality ; assigned
position ; station ; pi. encampment occupied by
troops ; merciful treatment oi an enemy. — v. t.
[Quartered (-terd) ; Quartering.] To divide
into four equal parts ; to fumith with shelter.

— v. i. To lodge. — Quar'ter-ly, a. Contain-
ing or consisting of a lourth part ; recurring at
the end of each quarter of the year. — n. A
periodical published four times during a year.

— adv. By quarters ; once in each quarter of
a year. — Quarter day. A day regarded as ter-
minating a quarter of the year ; one on which
rent is due. — Quar'ter-deck/ (-dSk'), «• The
part of a ship's deck from stern to mainmast.

— Quar'ter-mas'ter (-mas'ter), n. An officer
who provides quarters, provisions, etc., for the
army ; a petty naval officer who attends to the
helm, binnacle, signals, etc.

Quar'tern (kwar'tern), n. Fourth part of a pint ;

a gill ; a loaf weighing about four pounds.
Quar'ter-Stafi' (kwar'ter-stafO, n. A stout staff

formerly used as a weapon of defense.
Quar-tet/V(kwar-teV), Quartette', n. A musical

composition in four parts ; a set of four persons

performing a piece of music ; a stanza of four

lines.
Quar'tile (kwar'tTl), n. The aspect of planets

when they are distant from each other a quar-
ter of the circle, or 90°.
Quar'to (kwar'to), n. ; pi. Quartos (-toz). Book

of the size of the fourth of a sheet of printing

paper ; book of a nearly square form. —a. Hav-
ing the form or size of a quarto.
Quartz (kwarts), n. A crystalline form of silica ;

rock crystal.
Quash (kwosh), v. t. [Quashed (kwosht);

Quashing.] To beat in pieces ; to crush ; to

annul ; to make void.
Qua'si (kwa'si). [L.] As if ; in a certain sense ;

as it were.
Quas'sia (kw5sh'T-a or kw2sh'T-a), n. The bitter

medicinal wood of a tropical American tree.
Qua-ter'na-ry (kwa-ter'na-ry), a. Consisting of

four ; by fours. — n. The number four-
Qua-ter'nl-on (kwa-ter'nT-un), n. The number

four ; a set of four parts or objects.
Quat/rain (kwot'ran), n. A stanza of four lines

rhyming alternately.
Qua'ver (kwa'ver), v. i. [Quavered (-verd) ;

Quaverinp.] To tremble ; to vibrate ; to shake.

— n. A shake of the voice ; in music, an eighth
note.

Quay (ke), n. A mole or bank beside the water ;
a wharf ; a key.

Queach'y (kwech^), a. Yielding under the feet;
boggy.

Quean (kwen), n. A woman ; a girl ; a wench.

Quea'sy (kwe'zy), a. Sick at the stomach ;
squeamish. — Quea'si-ness. n.

Queen (kwen), n. The consort of a king ; a wo-
man sovereign of a kingdom ; the female of so-
cial bees, ants, etc. — Queen consort Wife of a
reigning kintr. — Queen dowager. Widow of a
king. — Queen mother. A queen dowager who
is mother Of the reigning king or queen. —
Queen regent or- regnant. Queen reigning in
her own right. — Queen's metal. An alloy of

tt, e, I, o, u, long ; u, e, I, 6, u, y, short; senate, eveut, idea, ooey, unite, cure, iirm, u&k, all, final,

QUEEN'S WARE

343

QUIP

Queen-post Roof.

tin and other metals, resembling pewter. —
Queen's ware. Glazed yellowish earthenware.

— Queen'ly (-ljf), a. Like or becoming a queen.
QueenZ-post' (kvven'posf), n. One of two sus-
pending posts in a
truss.

Queer (kwer), a. Odd ;
singular; quaint ;
whimsical. — n. Coun-
terfeit money. [Sl(mg]

— Queer 'ly, adv.—
Queer'ness, n.

Quell (kwgi), v. t.
[Quelled (kwgld) ; Quelling.] To subdue ;
to crush ; to quiet ; to calm. — Quell'er, n.

Quench (kwSnch), v. t. [Quenched (kwgucht) ;
Quenching.] To extinguish ; to put out (fire,
etc.) ; to stiiie ; to cool ; to check. — Quench'a-
We(-a-b'l),a. — Quench'er, n. — Quenchless,
a. Inextinguishable ; irrepressible.

Quer'cit-ron (kwer'sYt-run), n. Bark of the
black oak, or dyer's oak, used in tanning and
dyeing yellow.

Que'rist (kwe'rYst), n. One who asks questions.

Quern (kwern), n. Handmill for grinding grain.

Quer'U-lOUS (kwSr'u-lus), a. Apt to repine;
complaining ; whining ; dissatisfied. — Quer'U-
lous-ly, adv. — Quer'u-lous-ness, n.

Que'ry (kwe'ry), n. ; pi. Queries C-rTz). A ques-
tion ; an inquiry to be answered or resolved. —
v. i. & t. [Queried (-rTd) ; Querying.] To
ask ; to doubt ; to question.

Quest (kwe.st), n. A seeking, or looking after
anything ; search.

Ques'tion (kwgs'chun), n. An asking; interro-
gation ; debate ; thing asked ; query ; a subject
of investigation, —v. t. To ask; to doubt. —
Ques'tlon-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Doubtful ; disputa-
ble ; suspicious. — Ques'tlon-er, n. — Ques'-
tlon-less, adv. Doubtless.

Queue (kii), n. [F.] A cue ; a pigtail.

Qulb'ble (kwYb'b'l), n. An evasion ; cavil ; pun ;
low conceit. — v. i. [Quibbled (-b'ld) ; Quib-
bling.] To evade the point in question by ar-
tifice ; to play upon words ; to trifle in argu-
ment ; to pun. — Quib'bler, n.

Quick (kwik), a. Alive ; living ; animated ;
sprightly ; hasty ; swift ; brisk ; nimble ; lively.

— adv. In a quick manner; rapidly; without
delay. — n. A living animal or plant ; part of
the body sensitive to pain ; sensitive point. —
Quickly, adv. — Qulck'ness, n. — Quick'en
(kwYk"n), v. t. [Quickened (-'nd) ; Quicken-
ing.] To make alive ; to invigorate ; to stimu-
late ; to hasten ; to speed. — v. i. To become
enlivened ; to move rapidly. — Qulck'en-er, 11.

QuickTime' (kwYk'lim'), n. Unslacked lime.
Qulck'sanoV (kwYk'sSnd'), n. Sand mixed with

water, and unable to support weight.
Qulck'set' (kwYk'sgf), n. Hedging consisting of

thick shrubs ; hawthorn. — v. t. To plant

shrubs in a hedge, —a. Made of quickset.
Quick'sll'ver (kwYk'sYl'ver), n. Mercury.
Quid (kwYd), w. A piece of tobacco for chewing ;

a cini.
Quid'dl-ty (kwYd'dY-t#), n. Essence of a thing ;

trifling nicety.
Quld'nunc' (kwYd'niink'), n. [L., what now?]

One curious for news ; a busybody ; a gossip.
Qul-es'cence (kwt-gs'sens), Qui es'cen-cy (-sen-

sj), n. State of being quiescent ; rest; repose.

Being in ^repose ;

— Qul-es'cent (-sSnt), a.

still ; quiet ; mute.
Qui'et (kwl'et), a. Being in rest ; tranquil ; calm ;
placid ; mild ; contented. — n. Rest ; repose ;
tranquillity. — v. t. [Quieted ; Quieting.] To
stop motion in ; to calm ; to pacify. — Qui'et-
er, n. — Qul'et-lsm (-Yz'm), n. Peace ot mind.

— Qui'et-ly, adv. — Qui'et-ness, Qul'e-tude
(-e-tud), n. — Qui-e'tus (kwi-e'tus), n. Rest;
death ; final discharge or acquittance.

Quill (kwll), n. A large, strong feather ; a pen ;

a spine or prickle. — v. t. [Quilled (kwild) ;

Quilling.] To plait, or to form with ridges like

quills ; to wind on a quill, as yarn. — Qulll'lng,

n. Narrow border or trimming, plaited so as to

resemble a row of quills.
Quilt (kwilt), n. Cover

made by sewing wool,

cotton, etc., between

two cloths. — v. t. To

stitch together with

some soft and warm

substance between. —

Quilt'er, n.
Quince (kwlns), n. A

small tree, of the ap-
ple kind, and its fruit,

of acid taste and pleas-
ant flavor.
Qul'nlne ( kwi ' nin or

kwY-nin'), n. Alka- Quince.

loid obtained from cinchona, and used as a tonic

and febrifuge.
Quin'nat (kwYn'nSt), n. The California salmon ;

the king salmon.

Quinnat.

Quln'aua-ges'1-ma (kwin'kwa-jgs'Y-ma), a. Fif-
tieth. — Quinquagesima Sunday. Shrove
Sunday, which is fiity days before Easter.

Quin-quan'gu-lar (kwin-kwan'gu-ler), a. Hav-
ing five angles or corners.

Quin-quen'nl-al ( kwin-kwgn'uY-al ), a. Occur-
ring once in five years.

Quin'sy (kwYn'zy), n. Inflammation of the throat
or tonsils, with inflammatory fever.

Quint (kwTnt), n. A set or sequence of five.

Quin'tal (kwYn'tal), n. A weight of 112 or 100
pounds, according to the scale used.

Quln-tes'sence (kwYn-tSs'sens), n. Fifth or high-
est essence ; pure essence ; best part.

Quintet' ( kwTn-teV ), Quln-tette', n. A musical
(•(imposition for five voices or instruments.

Quin-til'lion (kwYn-tYl'yun), n. By English nota-
tion, the fifth power of a million, or a unit and 30
ciphers annexed ; by French notation, the sixth
power of a thousand, or a unit and 18 ciphers.

Quin'tu pie (kwYn'tu-p'l), a. Multiplied by five ;
fivefold, — v. I. [Quintupled (-p'ld); Quin-
tupling (-plYng).] To multiply by five.

Quip (kwip), n. A smart, sarcastic taunt ; gibe ;
jeer. — v. t. & i. To taunt ; to scoff.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

QUIRE

344

RACK

Quire (kwlr), n. A bundle of 24 sheets of paper.

Quirk (kwerk), n. A sudden turn ; a retort.

Quit (kwit), v. t. [Quit or Quitted ; Quitting.]
To release from obligation, penalty, etc. ; to ac-
quit ; to depart from ; to forsake ; to give up.
— a. Clear; free; released.

Quit'claim' (kwlt/klam'), n. Release or relin-

?uishnient of a claim. — v. t. [Quitclaimed
-klamd'); Quitclaiming.] To relinquish a

claim to by deed.
Quite (kwit), adv. Completely; wholly ; entirely; |

to a great extent 01 degree ; very.
Quit'rent' (kwu'rent/), n. A rent whose pay.

ment frees the tenant irom all other service.
Quittance (kwlt'tans), n. Discharge from i

debt ; acquittance ; repayment.
QuiV'er (kwls'er), n. A cise for arrows.
QuiVer (kwlv'er), v. i. [Quivered

( - erd ) ; Quivering.] To shake ;

to quake ; to shiver ; to tremble.
GQui' ViV6r (ke' vev'). Challenge of

a French sentinel. Hence, To be

on the qui Vive, to be on the alert,

like a sentinel.
Quix-ot'ic ( kwIks-oVIk ), a. Like

Don Quixote ; extravagantly ro-
mantic ; fantastically benevolent.
Quiz (kwlz), n. Riddle ; enigma ;

one who quizzes others. — v. t.

[Quizzed (kwizd); Quizzing.] To

puzzle ; to question sharply ; to

peer at. — Quiz'ziC-al (-zl-kt/l), a.

Stone Quoins set in Brick-
work

QUOd (kw5d), n. A quadrangle ; a court ; a prison.
Quoin ( kwoin or koin ), n. An angle ; wedge-

like piece of stone,

wood, metal, etc.
Quoit (kwoit or koit), n.

Ring of iron, etc., to

pitch at a mark. — v.

t. To play at quoits.
Quon'dam (kwSn'dani),

a. [L., formerly.]

Having been former-
ly ; former.
Quo'rum (kwo'rum), n.

Bench of justices ;

number of members of any body sufficient to

transact business.
Quo'ta (kwo'ta), n. Proportional part ; share or

proportion assigned to each.
Quote (kwot), v. t. To cite (a passage from some

author) ; to name the price of. — Quot'er, n. —

Quot'a-ble (kwot'a-b'l), a. Worthy of being

quoted or cited. — Quo-ta'tion (kwo-ta'shiin), n.

A quoting ; anything quoted or cited ; enumera-
tion of the price of commodities.
Quoth (kwoth or kwuth), v. i. Said ; spoke ; —

used in the first and third persons in past tenses.
Quo-tid'i-an (kw6-tld'l-an), a. Occurring daily.

— n. Anything returning daily ; a fever whose

paroxysms return every day.
Quo'tient (kwo'shent), n. K umber resulting from

the division of one number by another.
Quran' (ku-ran'), n. Koran.

R.

Rabbet (raVbSt), v. t. [Rabbeted ; Rabbet-
ing.] To cut (the edge of a board) so that it
will join another board by lapping. — n. A
groove on the edge of a board.

Rab'bi (r&Vbi or rSt/bl), n. ; pi. Rabbis or Rab-
bies (-biz or -biz). Master ; lord ; sir ; — a Jew-
ish title for a teacher or doctor of the law.
— Rab'bin, n. Same as Rabbi. — Rab-bin'ic
(rSb-Mulk), Rab-bin'iC-al (-i-kol), a. Per-
taining to rabbins, or to their opinions, lan-
guage, etc.

Rab'bit (r5t/bYt), n. A small burrowing animal,
resembling the
hare, but small-

Rab'/ble(r5b'b'l),
n. A crowd of
noisy people ; a
mob.

Rab'id (rXl/Id),
a. Furious;
raging; mad. —
Rab'id-iy, adv.
— Rab'ld-ness, n.

llRa/bi-es (ra'bl-ez), n. [L.] Hydrophobia ; ca-
nine madness.

Rac-coon' (r3k-koon'), n. A small American ani-
mal, of the bear kind.

Race (rasN, n. A root.

Race (ras), 7i. The descendants of a common an-
cestor ; a family, tribe, or nation, of the same
stock; characteristic flavor, amack, quality, or
disposition.

Ilubbit.

Race (ras), n. A movement or progression ; a
method or course of action ; process ; swift
progress ; rapid course or motion ; trial of
speed ; rapid current of water ; canal from a
dam to a water wheel which it drives.— v. i.
[Raced (rast) ; Racing.] To run swiftly ; to
contend in running, — v. t. To cause (a horse,
etc.) to run in a race. — Ra'cer (ra'ser), n. —
Race horse. A horse bred for running in con-
test.

Ra-ceme' (ra-sem'), n. A cluster of flowers or
fruit on a stem.

! Ra-chl'tls (ra-ki'tls), n. Inflammation of the
spine ; rickets. — Ra-chit'ic (-klt'Ik), a. Per-
taining to rachitis ; rickety.

Ra'ci-ness (raM-ngs), n. Quality of being racy ;
peculiar flavor.

Rack (rSk), n. Neck of veal or mutton.

Rack (r5k), n. A wreck ; destruction. — Rack
and ruin. Utter destruction.

Rack (rSk), n. Thin, broken clouds, or floating
vapor in the sky.

Rack (rSk), v. t. [Racked (r5kt); Racking.]
To amble rapidly, swaying the body ; — said of
a horse. — n. A fast amble. — Rack'er, n. A
horse having this gait.

Rack (r5k), v. t. To draw, off (wine) from the
lees.

Rack (rSk), n. An instrument for stretching or
extending anything ; an engine of torture, for
stretching the body ; an open wooden frame, to
hold food for horses and cattle ; framework on
which articles are denosited ; a bar in a ma-

il, v, I, 3, u, long ; a, £, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, gvent, tdea, ft bey, finite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

RACK

345

RAISE

radiua or

chine, having teeth arranged to work with those
of a wheel or pinion which is to drive or follow
it. — v. t. [Racked (rati) ; Racking.] To ex-
tend by force ; to strain ; to torture ; to harass.

Rack (r5k), n. Arrack, — a spirituous liquor.

Rack/et (ri-t'et), n. Netted frame for striking
the ball in certain games ; a snowshoe.

Rack'et (r5k'et), n. A confused, clattering noise ;
din ; noisy sport. — v. i. To make a clamor.

Rack'-rent' (rSk'renf), n. An annual rent raised
to the utmost; excessive rent. — v. t. To sub-
ject (a tenant or a farm) to rack-rent. — Rack'-
renf er, n. One who pays, or who exacts, rack-
rent.

HRa'COn/teur' (ra/k&N'teV), n. [F.J A relator.

Ra'cy (ra'sjf), a. [Racieb (ra'dl-er ) ; Raciest
(-sl-gst).] Having a strong flavor indicating
origin ; tasting of the soil ; fresh ; piquant.

Ra'di-al (ra'JI-al), a. Pertaining to a radiu
ray. — Ra'di-al-ly, adv.

Ra'di-ant (ra'il-ant), a. Emitting or proceeding
from a center ; radiating ; darting rays of light
or heat ; emitting light or splendor. — Ra'di-
ant-ly, adv. — Ra'di-ance (-ans), Ra'di-an-cy
(-an-sy), n. Luster ; splendor ; glare ; glitter.

Ra'di-ata (ra'dT-at), v. i. To emit rays ; to be ra-
diant ; to shine ; to proceed or issue in rays. —
v. i. To sen 1 out in direct lines from a point or
surface. — Ra'di-ate (-at), a. Formed of rays
diverging from a center ; having the parts of a
structure arranged radiately about a center ; be-
longing to the Badiaia, or invertebrate animals
having the
parts arranged
radially about
the vertical
axis of the
body, — as
starfishes. — i
n. One of the
Radiata. —
Ra di-a'tion

(-a'shun), n.
A radiating ; emission of rays of light. — Ra'-
di-a'tor (ra'dT-a'ter), n. That which radiates ;
an apparatus for diffusing heat.

Rad'1-cal (rSd'Y-kal), a. Pertaining to, or pro-
ceeding from, the root or origin ; primitive ; en-
tire ; extreme. — n. A primitive word ; a radi-
cal quantity in algebra ; one who advocates
radical changes in government, esp. changes
which will level class distinctions. — Radical
quantity. An algebraic quantity with the rad-
ical sign. —Radical Sign- The sign V< placed
before any quantity, denoting that its root is to
be extracted — Rad'i-cal-ly, adv. — Rad'i-
cal-ness, n. — Rad'i-cal-ism (-Tz]m), n. State
of being radical : doctrines of radicals.

Rad'i-cate (r5d'T-kat), v. t. To root; to plant
firmly. — Rad'l-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. A tak-
ing: root deeply ; disposition of roots of a plant.

Rad'i-COl (rSdT-sSl), n. A little root.

Rad'i-cl© (rSd'T-k'l), n. The part of a seed which
becomes a root.

Ra'di-O-ac'tive (ra'dT-o-Sk'tTv), a. Sending out
rays consisting of particles moving very swiftly.

Ra'di-O-graph (ra'dT-o-graf ), n. A picture made
by Routgen or other rays.

Rad'ish (rXd'Tah), n. A plant, and its pungent
root which is eaten raw as a salad.

Ra'di-um (ra'dl-um), n. A radio-active element.

Radiata. b Coral ; d Starfish.

ah Radius.

I Ra'di-US (ra'dT-Qs), n. ; pi. L. Radii (-i), E.
Radiuses (-Qs-ezj. Hall the di-
ameter of a circle, or a line from
its center to the periphery ; the
exterior bone of the forearm.

Ra'diX (ra'dlks), n. A primitive
word ; a radical ; a root.

Raffle ( raff '1 ), n. A lottery in
which several persons contribute
the value of something, and determine by
chance which shall become sole possessor. —
V. i. To engage in a rathe. — v. t. To dispose
of by a raffle.

Raft (raft), n. A float of boards, planks, etc. —
v. i. To carry on or in a raft.

Raft'er (raft/er), n. A roof timber of a building.

Rag (r5g), n. A torn piece of cloth ; a tattered
lragment ; a bit ; a patch ; pi. mean attire.

Rage (raj), n. Violent excitement ; vehemence ;
fury ; a thing eagerly sought for. — 1\ i. [.Raged
(rajd) ; Raging (ra'jlng).] To be furious with
anger ; to prevail without restraint ; to storm.

Rag'ged (rag'ged), a. Rent or worn into tatters ;
uneven; rough; jagged; dressed in rags. —
Rag'ged-ly, adv. — Rag'ged-ness, n.

Rag'man (rag'inan), n. ; pi. Ragmen. One who
collects or deals in rags.

Ra-gout' (ra-goo'), n. Fragments of meat, mixed,
stewed, and seasoned ; hash.

Raid (rad), n. A hostile or predatory incursion ;
an inroad of mounted men. — v. t. To make a
raid upon or into. — Raid'er, n.

Rail (ral), n. A piece of timber, iron, etc., ex-
tending from one support to another ; in rail-
roads, a bar of iron, on which the wheels of the
cars roll ; a plank on a ship's upper works. —
v. t. [Railed (raid) ; Railing.] To inclose
with rails. — Rail'ing, n. A series of rails ; a
fence ; material for fencing.

Rail (ral), n. A game bird of America and Eu-
rope.

Rail (ral), v. i. To use in-
solent and reproachful
language ; to scoff. —
Rail'er, n.— Rail'ing,
a. Reproachful ; insult-
ing. — Rail'ing-ly, adv.
— Rail'ler-y (rSi'ler-jr
or raP-), n. Good-hu-
mored satire ; banter.

Rail'road' (ral'rod'), Rail'way' (-w50,n. A road
with iron rails, for wheeled vehicles to run on.

Ral'ment (ra'ment), n. Clothing ; garments.

Rain (ran), n. Water falling from the clouds;
descent of water from the clouds in drops. —
v. i. [Rained (rand) ; Raining.] To fall in
drops from the clouds, or drop like water from
the clouds, —v. t. To pour or shower down
from above like rain from the clouds. — Rain'-
DOW' (ran'bb7), n. A bow or arch exhibiting
the colors of the spectrum, formed by refraction
and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of fall-
ing rain. — Rain gauge. An instrument for
measuring the quantity of rain that falls. —
Rain water. Water that has fallen from the
clouds in rain. — Rain'y (ran'J); a. Abound-
ing with rain ; wet ; showery. — Raln'i-ness. n.

Raise (raz), v. /. [Raised (r'azd) ; Raising.] To
cause to rise ; to elevate ; to lift ; to exalt ; to
heighten : to arouse ; to excite ; to give life to ;
to create ; to constitute.

Rail.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sins, ink, ttien, thin,

RAISIN

346

RAP

Rai'sln (raVn), ». A dried grape.

Ra'jah (ra'ja or ra'ja), n. In India, a native
prince or king ; a large landholder.

Bake (rak), n. An implement for collecting hay
or other light things spread over a large sur-
face, or for smoothing the earth. — v . t. [Raked
(rakt) ; Raking.] To collect with a rake ; to
scrape together ; to search ; to ransack ; to
scratch across ; to enfilade. — v. i. To scrape ;
to search closely ; to pass violently or rapidly.

Rake (rak), n. A dissolute man ; a libertine.

Rake (rak), n. Inclination from a perpendicular
direction, as of a staircase, a ship's mast not
perpendicular to the keel, etc. — 1\ i. To in-
cline from the perpendicular.

Rally (rSl'ly), v. t. & i. [Rallied (-lid) ; Ral-
lying.] To collect in order ; to reassemble ; to
reunite ; to renew wasted strength. — n. / pi.
Rallies (-liz). A rallying ; a political mass
meeting.

Ral'ly (rSl'ty), v. t. & i. To banter ; to ridicule ;
to mock. — «. Good-humored raillery.

Ram (ram), n. The male of the sheep kind ;
Aries, the sign of
the zodiac which
the sun enters
about March 21st;
the constellation
Aries, which does
not now, as for-
merly, occupy the
sign of the same
name; an engine
of war, used for
butting or batter- Kam-

ing ; a steel beak on the prow of a war ship, for
piercing an enemy's vessel ; an hydraulic ram,
or pump ; the plunger of a pile driver, stamp
mill, hydraulic press, etc. — v. t. [Rammed
(r$md) ; Ramming.] To strike against ; to
thrust violently ; to cram ; to compact by
pounding. — Ram'mer, n.

Ram'ble ( rXm'b'l ), v. i. [Rambled (-b'ld) ;
Rambling (-bllng).] To walk, ride, or sail
about, without determinate Object ; to expand
or grow without constraint ; to roam ; to wander.
— n. A going from place to place without ob-
ject. — Ram'bler, n.

Ram'le (rXm'e), n. The grass-cloth plant, and
- its strong, fine fiber ; China grass ; rhea.

Ram i-fi-ca'tion (rSm'T-fT-ka'shun), n. Process
of branching, or shooting branches from a stem;
mode of their arrangement ; division proceed-
ing from a main stock or channel ; division into
principal and subordinate classes or heads.

Ram'i-fy (ram'T-fi), v. t. & i. [Ramified (-fid) ;
Ramifying.] To divide into branches or parts.

Ram'mer (rXm'mer), n. One who,
or that which, rams or drives.

Ram'mlsh (rXm'mTsh), a. Ram-
like ; rank ; lascivious.

Ramose' (ra-mos'), Ra'mous

(ra'miis), a. Branched, as a stem

or root ; branchy.
Ramp ( r a m p ), v. i. [Ramped

(rXmt) ; Ramping.] To spring ;

to frolic ; to romp. — n. A leap ;

a bound. — Ramp'age (-a j), n.

Violent behavior ; a state of ex- Ramose Root.

citement or passion. — Ramp'an-

Cy (r5in{/r;ii-sy),n. Exuberance; extravagance.

— Ramp'ant (rXmp'ant), a. Springing or
climbing unchecked ; wanton ; frisky.

Ram'part ( rXm'part ), n. A mound of earth
round a place, for its defense ; a bulwark. —
v. t. To fortify with ramparts.

Ram/rod' (rXui'rod'), n. A rod for loading a gun.

Ram'shac-kle (rXni'shXk-k'l), a. Loose ; old ;
disjointed.

Ran (rXn), imp. of Run.

Ranch (iXnch), n. Tract of land for grazing, for
rearing hoibes, cattle, sheep, etc. — Ranch'-
man, iRan-che'ro (rXn-cha'ro), n. A herds-
man ; owner ol a ranch ; person employed on
a ranch. — jRan'cho (rXn'cho), n. A hut
where herdsmen lodge ; a large establishment,
esp. one for rearing cattle and horses.

Ran'Cid (iXn'sid), a. Having a rank smell ;
sour ; musty. — Ran-Cid'i-ty (-sTdT-tJ), Ran'-
cid-ness, n.

Ran'ccr (rSn'ker), n. Deep malignity or spite ;
ill will ; malice ; grudge. — Ran'COr-OUS (-us),
a. Malignant ; bitter ; malevolent ; virulent.

Ran'dom (rSn'dum), n. A roving motion ; haz-
ard ; chance; range; reach. — a. Done at
hazard ; left to chance.

Range (ranj), v. t. [Ranged (ranjd) ; Ran-
ging.] To set in rows ; to dispose in order ; to
rove over. — v. i. To wander without direction ;
to be placed in order ; to have a particular di-
rection ; to be in line. — n. A series of things
in line ; a row ; a class ; a cooking apparatus ;
compass of knowledge ; scope ; distance to
which a shot is carried ; region of country in
which cattle may pasture ; a row of townships
between meridian lines six miles apart. — Ran'-
ger (ran'jer), n. One who ranges ; a dog that
beats the ground ; a mounted soldier who ranges
over the country ; a keeper of a park.

Rank (r5nk), n. A row or line ; a range ; a tier ;
a line of soldiers ; — opposed to file ; official
standing ; degree ; grade ; high social position ;
class ; order ; dignity, —v. t. [Ranked (rankt) ;
Ranking.] To place abreast, or in a line ; to
range in a particular class, order, or division ;
to class ; to dispose methodically ; to take pre-
cedence of. — v. i. To be ranged or set ; to
have a certain grade or dignity. *

Rank (rSnk), a. Luxuriant in growth ; exuber-
ant ; very rich and fertile ; strong to the smell ;
rancid ; sour ; high-tasted ; excessive ; coarse.

— Rank'ly. adv. — Rank'ness, n.

Ran'kle (ran'k'l), v. i. [Rankled (-k'ld) ; Ran-
kling (-kllng).] To grow rank ; to be inflamed ;
to become violent ; to rage.

Rank'ly, Rank'ness. See under Rank, a.

Ran'sack (rSn'sSk), v. t. [Ransacked (-s5kt) ;
Ransacking.] To search thoroughly; to plun-
der ; to pillage.

Ran'som (rSn'sum), n. Release from captivity ;
price paid for redemption of a prisoner, or for
goods captured by an enemy. — v. t. [Ran-
somed (-siimd) ; Ransoming.] To redeem from
captivity, punishment, or forfeit, by paying an
equivalent. — Ran'som-er. n.

Rant (rSnt), v. i. To rave in violent or extrava-
gant language. — n. Boisterous, empty decla-
mation ; bombast. — Rant'er, n.

Rap (rSp), n. A skein of 120 yards of yarn.

Rap (rSp), v. I. & i. [Rapped (rSpt) ; Rapping.]
To strike sharply ; to knock. — n. A quick,
smart blow ; a knock.

a, e, I, o, u, long , a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, shor* s senate, event, tdea, ftbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

RAPACIOUS

347

RATTLESNAKE

Ra-pa'clOUS <r&-pa'shus), a. Given to plunder ;
subsisting on prey ; ravenous ; voracious. —
Ra-pa'cious-ly, adv. — Ra-pa'cious-ness, Ra-
pacity (-pas'T-ty), n.

Rape (rap), n. A seizing by violence ; robbery.

Rape (rap), n. A plant of the turnip kind, whose
seeds yield oil, and serve as food for cage birds.

Rapid (rXp'Id), a. Swift; quick; violent; hur-
ried.— n.; pi. A steep descent of a stream
without actual waterfall. — Rapidly, adv. —
Rap-ld-ness, Ra-pid'i-ty (ra-pld'l-ty), n.

Ra'pi-er (ra'pT-er), n. A straight, pointed sword.

Rapine (rXpln), n. A plundering ; spoliation.

Rap-pee7 (rXp-pe'), n. A dark kind of snuff.

Rap'per (rXp'per), n. One that knocks; the
knocker of a door.

Rapt (rXpt), a. Snatched away ; transported
with admiration ; enraptured. — Rap-to'ri-al
(i-Xp-to'rT-al), a. Rapacious ; living upon prey.

Rap'ture (rXp'tur), n. Condition of being rapt ;
ecstacy ; transport ; exultation. — Rap'tur-ous
(-us), a. Ecstatic ; ravishing.

Rare (r£r), a. Of loose texture ; thin ; scattered ;
not frequent ; scarce ; extraordinary ; incom-
parable. — Rarely, adv. — Rare'ness, n.

Rare (ra"r), a. Nearly raw ; imperfectly cooked.

Rar e-fac'tion ( raVe-f5k'sh&n ), n. A making
rare, or expanding by separating the parts.

Rar'e-fy (rXr'e-fi), v. t. & i. [Rarefied (-fid) ;
Rarefying.] To make or become rare, thin,
porous, or less dense.

Rare'ly, Rare'ness. See under Rare, a.

Rare'ripe7 (rar'rip/), a. Early ripe ; ripe before
the usual season. — ». An early fruit ; a kind
of peach which ripens early.

Rar'i-ty (rXr'I-tjf), n. Rareness ; thinness ; in-
frequency ; a thing valued for its scarcity.

Ras'cal (ras'kal), n. A mean fellow; a scoun-
drel ; a rogue, —a. Low ; mean ; base. — Ras'-
cal-ly, a. & adv. — Ras-cal'i-ty (-kXl'T-ty), n.
— Ras-cal'lion (-kXl'yun), n. A mean wretch.

Rase (raz), v. t. [Rased (razd) ; Rasing.] To
erase ; to cancel ; to destroy ; to ruin.

Rash. (rXsh), a. Hasty ; quick ; sudden ; head-
long ; heedless ; thoughtless ; adventurous. —
Rash'ly, adv. — Rash'ness, n.

Rash (rXsh), n. A slight eruption on the body.

Rash'er (rX^h'er), n. A thin slice of bacon ; a
California rockfish.

Rasp (rasp), n. A coarse file, with distinct, cut-
ting prominences. — v. t. [Rasped (raspt) ;
Rasping.] To rub with a rasp ; to grate upon.

Raspberry (rXz'ber-r^), n. The thimbleshaped
fruit of a bramble ; also, the shrub bearing it.

Ra'sure (ra'zhur), n. A scraping, shaving, or
erasing ; obliteration.

Rat (rXt), n. An animal of the mouse kind ; one
who deserts his party or associates. — v. i.
[Ratted ; Ratting.] To desert one'3 party,
associates, etc. ; to work for less than the estab-
lished wages.

Rat'a-ble (rat'a-b'l), a. Capable of being rated,
or set at a certain value ; liable to taxation. —
Rat'a-bly (-bl£), adv. By rate or proportion.

Rat a-fi'a (rXt/a-fe'a), n. A spirituous liquor,
flavored with cherries, apricots, peaches, or
other fruit. [Written also ratifia and ratafee.]

Ratch (rXch), n. A ratchet.

Ratch/et (rXch'gt), n. A bar that falls into the
teeth of a wheel or rack, allowing the latter to
move in one direction only ; pawl ; click ; de-

A toothed wheel.
C

n Ratchet Wheel : h Reciproca-
ting Lever; c Click, Paw4, or
Ratchet, for communicating
motion; d Pawl, for prevent-
ing backward motion.

tent. — Ratchet wheel.

with a lever and
ratchet, moving it
forward.

Rate (rat), n. Es-
tablished portion
or measure ; al-
lowance ; propor-
tion ; ratio ; val-
ue ; price ; rank ;
movement ; tax.
— v. t. To value ;
to appraise ; to
estimate; to reck-
on. — v. i. To
have rank ; to make an estimate. — Rat'er, n.

Rate (rat), v. t. & i. To chide; to reprove; to
scold.

Rath'er (rather), adv. More readily or willing-
ly ; preferably.

Ratify (rXt'I-fi), v. t. [Ratified (-fid) ; Rati-
fying.] To approve and sanction ; to make
valid. — Ratl-fl-ca'tion ( -f I-ka'shun ), ». A
ratifying ; confirmation.

Ra'ti-o (ra'shi-o or ra'sho), n. Proportion ; rate ;
quota.

Ra'ti-OCl-na'tion (rXsh/T-Bs'T-na'shQn), n. A rea-
soning.

Ra'tion (ra'shun or rXsh'un), n. Allowance of
provisions.

Ra'tion-al (rXsh'un-al), a. Relating to, or en-
dowed with, reason ; intelligent ; reasonable ;
wise ; judicious. — Ra'tion-al-ly, adv. — Ra'-
tlon-al'i-ty (-Xl'T-ty), n. ; pi. -ties (-tlz). —
Ralion-ale (rXsh'uii-a'le), n. A series of rea-
sons assigned ; explanation of the principles of
some opinion, action, etc. ; the principles them-
selves. — Ra'tlon-al-ism (rXsh'un-al-Iz'in), n.
A system of opinions deduced from reason, as
distinct from revelation ; excessive reliance on
reason. — Ra'tion-al-ist, n. One who proceeds
wholly upon reason, esp. in matters of religion.
-Ra'tion-al-istlc (-Ist1k), Ralion-al-istlc-al
(-tl-kttl), a. Belonging to, or in accordance
with, the principles of rationalism.

Rat'lines (rXtllnz), Ratlins, n. Small lines
traversing the shrouds of
a ship, making steps of a
ladder.

Ra-toon' (ra-todn'), n. & v.
See Rattoon.

Rats'bane' (rXts'ban'), n. f|i

Poison for rats ; white ar-
senic.

Rat -tan' (rXt-tXn'), n.
Tough stem of a palm of
East India, also of Africa
and Australia, used for
wicker work, seats of
chairs, canes, cordage, etc.

Rat -teen' (rat-ten'), n.
Thick woolen stuff quilled Shrouds and R&tlinea.
or twilled.

Rat'ten (rXt't'n), v. t. To destroy or steal the
tools of (a mechanic, etc.), to stop his working.

Rat'tle (rXt't'l), v. i. & t. [Rattled (-t'ld) ;
Rattling.] To make quick, sharp noises, by
collision ; to clatter ; to jabber. — n. A rapid
succession of sharp sounds ; rapid talk ; a toy
or instrument making a clattering sound. —
Rat'tle-snake, n. A venomous American snake

fern, recent, orb, rjide, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

RATTOON

348

REAL

Rattlesnake.

having a aeries of horny joints at the end of the
tail which make a rat-
tling sound.

Rat-toon' (r£t-toon'), n.
A stem or shoot of su*
gar cane of the second
year's growth from the
root. — v. i. To sprout
from a root of a previ-
ous year's planting.

Rau'ci-ty (ra/sT-tjf), n.
Harshness of sound ;
hoarseness.

Rau'cous (ra'k&s), a.
Hoarse; harsh.

Rav'age (raVij), n. Desolation by violence ;
violent devastation ; pillage ; spoil ; waste ;
ruin. — v . t. [Ravaged ( -ajd ) ; Ravaging
(-a-jing).] To lay waste ; to plunder ; to sack ;
to destroy ; to ruin. — Rav'a-ger, n.

Rave (rav), v. i. [Raved (ravd) ; Raving.] To
wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious;
to talk excitedly.

Rave (rav), n. A side piece of a wagon body or
sleigh.

Rav'el (raV'l), v. t. [Raveled (-'Id) or Rav-
elled ; Raveling or Ravelling.] To undo
the texture of; to take apart; to unsew; to
disentangle ; to pull apart (a texture) so that
the threads fall into a tangled mass ; to entan-
gle ; to involve. — v. i. To be untwisted or un-
woven ; to be disentangled.

Rave'lin (raViln), n. A detached work in for-
tification, with embank-
ments making a salient an-
gle.

Ra'ven (ra'v'n), n. A bird
of the crow kind. — a. Jet
black.

Rav'en (r5v"n), n. Rapine ;
rapacity ; prey ; plunder.

— v. t. & i. [Ravened
(-'nd) ; Ravening.] To
seize or devour greedily. —

Rav'en-er, n. — Rav'en-
ing, n. Eagerness for B®, *?Yeh" ' t£ Jr
plunder; rapacity. _ <, ^f^ ^
Greedy; rapacious. — Fortress to Ravelin.

Ray'en-ous (-'n-us), a.
Furiously voracious ; eager for prey or gratifica-
tion. — Rav'en-ous-ly, adv. — Rav'en-ous-
ness, n.
RaVin (rSvTn), RaVine, n. Raven ; plunder.

— v. I. & i. To raven.

Ra-vine7 (ra-veu'), n. A deep, narrow hollow,
usually worn by a torrent of water ; a gorge.

Rav'ish (rfiv'Tsh), v. t. [Ravished (-Tsht) ; Rav-
ishing.] To seize and carry away by violence,
or with joy or delight.

Raw (ra), a. [Rawer ; Rawest.] Not cooked ;
unprepared for use ; unfinished ; immature ; un-
practiced ; unwrought ; not covered ; bare ; de-
prived of skin ; galled ; sore ; chilly ; bleak. —
Raw'ly, adv. In a raw manner ; unskillfully ;
without preparation. — Raw'ness, n. — Raw'-
fconed' (-bond'), a. Having little flesh on the
bones; hide-bound. — Raw'hide7 (-hid'), »• A
cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of uu-
tanned leather twisted.

Ray (ra), n. One of a number of lines or parts
diverging from a common point or center ; a ra-

fishes including the

diating part of a plant ; one of the bony spines
forming the framework of the fins of fishes ; a
line of light or heat proceeding from a point ;
one of the colored portions of the spectrum. —
v. (.' [Rayed (rad) ; Raying.] To send forth
or shoot out ; to beam. — Ray'less, a. With-
out rays or light ; dark.

Ray (ra), n. A genus of fishes including the
skate, thornback, and tor-
pedo.

Raze (raz), v. t. [Razed
(iSzd) ; Razing.] To
erase ; to efface ; to demol
ish ; to ruin.

Razee' (ra-ze'), »• A ship
having her upper deck cut
down, and thus reduced to the next inferior
rate. — v. t. [Razeed (-zed') ; Razeeing (-ze'- .
Tng).] To cut down to an inferior rate ; to r
prune or abridge by cutting off parts.

Ra'ZOI (ra'zer), n. An instrument for removing
the beard or hair ; a boar's tusk.

Ra'zure (ra'zhur), n. An erasing or effacing;
erasure.

Re- (re-). [L.] A prefix signifying back, against,
again, anew ; as, recall, to call back ; rejoin, to
join again. [Combinations containing the prefix
re- are for the most part of obvious significa-
tion, and are not inserted here.]

Reach (rech), v. t. [Reached (recht) ; Reach-
ing.] To extend; to stretch; to hand over;
to attain or obtain by stretching forth the
hand ; to extend to ; to arrive at ; to gain. —
v. i. To stretch after something ; to touch, at-
tain to, or be equal with, something. — n. A
stretching or extending ; extent of force or ca-
pacity ; stretch ; influence ; result.

Reach (rech), v. i. To retch.

Re-act' (re-akf), v. t. To act a second time ; to
do over again. — v. i. To resist by an opposite
force ; to exercise a reverse effect. — Re-act'-
ive (-Tv), a. Able or tending to react ; of the
nature of reaction. — Re-ac'tion (re-Sk'shun),
n. Any action in resisting other action or
power ; counter tendency ; opposition. — Re-
ac'tlon-a-ry (-a-ry), a. For or implying reac-
tion. — n. One who favors reaction, or would
undo what has been accomplished.

Read (red), v. t. [Read (rgd); Reading.] To
peruse ; to know fully ; to comprehend. — v. i.
To perform the act of reading ; to be studious ;
to appear in print or writing. — Reafl'er. n. —
Read'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being read ; .
fit, legible, or suitable to be read ; worth read-
ing. — Read'illg, n. Act of one who reads ;
study ; way in which anything reads ; version.

Read'i-ly, Read'I-ness. See under Ready, a.

Re'ad-mit' (re/5d-mlt'), v. t. To admit again.
— R^ad-mis'sion (-mish'un), Re'ad-mit'tance
(-mTt'tans), n. A second admittance; allow-
ance to enter again.

Read'y (red'y), «. [Readier (-T-er) ; Readiest.]
Prepared ; not behindhand or backward ;
prompt ; apt ; skillful ; handy ; easy ; willing ;
cheerful. — adv. In a state rf preparation so
as to need no delay. — Read'i-ly, adv. — Read'-
i-ness, n. — Read'y-made' (-mad'), a. Al-
ready provided ; kept on hand to answer de-
mands ; not made to order.

Re'al (re''fl), a. Actually being or existing ; not
artificial, counterfeit, or factitious; true; gen-

ii, e, i, o, u, ioug , a, e, i, 6, u, y, abort ; actuate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

REALLY

349

RECEIVE

uine ; authentic. — Re'al-ly, adv. In fact ;
truly. — Re-al'i-ty (ie-al'i-ty), n. State or
quality of being real ; fact ; certainty.

Re'al i za-ble (re'ul-i'za-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing realized. — Re'al-i-za'tion (re'al-T-za'shun),
n. A realizing or making real. — Re'al-ize
(re'al-Iz), v. t. [Realized (-Izd) ; Realizing.]
To make real ; to convert into real property ;
to gain ; to get. — v. i. To receive value or
property, esp. in money.

Realm (relin), n. A royal jurisdiction; king-
dom ; region ; department.

Realty (re'al-ty), n. Real property.

Ream (rem), n. A package of twenty quires of
paper.

Ream (rem), v. t. [Reamed (remd) ; Reaming.]
To enlarge or
dress out (a
hole). —
Ream'er, n.
One that Reamer,

reams ; a revolving instrument for enlarging a
round hole.

Re-an/i-mate (re-ah'T-mat), v. t. To animate
anew ; to infuse new life into ; to revive.

Reap (rep), v. t. & i. [Reaped (rept) ; Reap-
ing.] To cut (grain) with a sickle ; to gather ;
to obtain ; to clear of a crop by reaping.

Re appear' (re'Sp-per'), v. i. To appear a sec-
ond time. — Re'ap-pear'ance (-ana), n.

Re'ap-point' (re'Xp-poinf), v. t. To appoint
again. — Re'ap-poLat'ment (-ment), n.

Rear (rer), n. The back or hindmost part ; part
of an army or fleet which comes last. — a.
Hindmost ; last.

Rear (rer), v. t. [Reared (rerd); Rearing.]
To bring up, or to raise, to maturity ; to lift ;
to erect ; to establish. — v. i. To rise up on the
hind lags, as a horse.

Rear' ad'ml-ral (rer' Xd'mT-ral). A naval offi-
cer next in rank after the vice admiral and
above a commodore.

Rear'ward (rer'werd), a. & adv. At or toward
the rear.

Rea'son (re'z'n), n. A thought or a considera-
tion ; the faculty of the human mind by which it
judges ; exercise of the reasoning faculty ; pro-
priety ; justice ; motive ; ground ; sake ; ob-
ject ; purpose ; design. — v. i. [Reasoned
(-z'nd) ; Reasoning.] To exercise the rational
faculty ; to discuss ; to argue ; to prove. —
v. t. To examine by arguments ; to discuss ; to
persuade by reasoning or argument. — Rea'-
son-er, n. — Rea'son-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Having
the faculty of reason ; governed by reason ;
within due limits ; just ; fair ; suitable ; mod-
erate ; tolerable. — Rea'son-a-ble-ness, n. —
Rea'son-a-bly, adv. — Rea'son-ing, n. A de-
riving conclusions from premises ; reasons ar-
ranged and developed ; argument.

Re/as-sume/ (reVSs-sum'), v. t. To resume ; to
take again.

Re'as-sure' (re'a-shur'), v. t. To assure anew;
to free from fear ; to obtain insurance from
another of what one has already insured.

Re-bate' ( re-bat'), v. t. To beat to obtuseness ;
to blunt ; to make a discount from for prompt
payment. — Re-bate', Re-bate'ment, n. Dimi-
nution ; reduction.

Re-bate' (re-bat'), n. A groove or channel on
the edge of a board ; a rabbet.

Re'bec (re'bSk), n. An old musical instrument
resembling a violin.

Reb'el (reVel), a. Pertaining to rebels or re-
bellion ; insurgent. — n. One who rebels or
revolts from the government to which he owes
allegiance. — Re-bel' (re-bgl'), v. i. [Rebelled
(-bSld') ; Rebelling.] To revolt ; to take up
arms traitorously against the state or govern-
ment. — Re-bel'lion (-bel'yun), n. A resistance
to lawful authority ; sedition ; revolt ; mutiny.
— Re-bel'li0US (-yus), a. Engaged in, or marked
by, rebellion. — Re-bel'liOUS-ly, adv.

Re-bound' (re-bound'), v. i. To spring back ; to
start back. —v. t. To drive back ; to reverber-
ate. — n. A flying bock upon collision with
another body.

Re-buff' (re-buf'), n. A beating back ; a quick
resistance ; sudden check ; defeat ; refusal. —
v. t. [Rebuffed (re-buff) ; Rebuffing.] To
beat back ; to repel violently or harshly.

Re-build' (re-bTld'), v. t. [Rebuilt (-bilf) ; Re-
building.] To build (something which has
been demolished).

Re-buke7 (re-buk'), v. t. [Rebuked (-bukf) ;
Rebuking.] To check, silence, or put down
with reproof ; to reprehend ; to chide ; to
check. — n. A direct reproof ; a punishment.

Re'bus (re'bus), n.; pi. Rebuses (-8z). A riddle
representing words by figures.

Re-but' (re-biit'), v. t. [Rebutted ; Rebutting.]
To drive back; to repel; to oppose by argu-
ment or countervailing proof, —v. i. To make
an answer (to a plaintiff's surrejoinder).

Re-cal'ci-trant ( re-kal'sl-trant ) , a. Kicking
back ; showing opposition.

Re-call' (re-kal'), v. t. [Recalled (-kald') ; Re-
calling.] To call back ; to revoke ; to annul
by a subsequent act ; to recollect ; to remem-
ber. — n. A calling back ; revocation.

Re-cant' (re-kXnf), v. t. To contradict (a former
declaration); to retract; to recall; to abjure;
to disown. — Re'can-ta'tlon (re'kSn-ta'shun),
n. A recanting ; retraction.

R©/ca-plt'U-late (rg/ka-pTfu-lat), v. t. To give a
summary of the principal points or arguments
of ; to relate in brief ; to reiterate ; to repeat ;
to recite, —v. i. To sum up what has been
previously said. — Re'ca-pit'U-la'tion (-pTt'u-
la'shfin), n. A recapitulating ; a summary. —
Re/ca-pit'U-la-tO-ry (-pit'u-la-tS-ry), a. Re-
peating again.

Re-cap'tion (re-kSp'shun), n. A retaking; re-
prisal.

Re-cap'ture (re-k5p'tur), n. A retaking ; the
retaking of goods from a captor ; a prize re-
taken. — v. t. To retake, esp. to retake a
prize previously taken.

Re-cast' (re-kast'), v. t. [Recast ; Recasting.]
To throw again ; to mold anew ; to throw into
a new shape ; to compute a second time.

Re-cede' (reused'), v. i. To move back ; to re-
treat ; to withdraw a claim or pretension ; to
retire ; to desist. — v. t. To cede back ; to
yield to a former possessor.

Re-celpt' (re-set'), n. A receiving; reception;
power of receiving or containing ; capacity ; a
plan according to which things are to be com-
bined ; a recipe ; a written acknowledgment of
payment ; anything received. — v. t. To give
a receipt for. —v. i. To give a receipt.

Re-celve' (re-sev'), v. t. [Received (-sevd') ; Re-

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, aiug, ink, then, thin.

RECEIVER

350

RECONCILE

CEIVTNG.] To take (a thing offered, paid, etc.) ; to
accept; to suffer. — Re-ceiv'er (re-seVer), n.

— Re-ceiv'a-blC, a. Capable of being received.
Re-cen'sion (re-sen'shiin), n. A revising ; review

of a text by an editor ; revised text.
Re'cent (resent), a. Of late origin or occur-
rence ; modern ; new ; late. — Re'cent-ly, adv.

— RCcent-noss, Re'cen-cy (re'sen-sy), n.
Re-cep'ta-cle (re-bep'ta-k'l), n. A place to re-
ceive things ; a holder ; a reservoir. — Recep-
tac'U-lar (rgs'gp-tSk'u-ler), a. Pertaining to
the receptacle of a plant, or growing on it.

Re-cep'ti-ble (re-sgp'tT-b'l), a. Admitting re-
ception ; receivable. — Re-cep'ti-bil'i-ty (-sgp'-
tT-bil'I-ty), n.

Re-cep'tion (re-sgp'shiin), n. A receiving ; ad-
mission ; entertainment ; ceremony of receiving
guests. — Re-cep'tive (-ti v), a. Having the
quality of receiving.

Re-cess' (re-sgs'), n. A withdrawing , retire-
ment ; intermission ; an alcove ; a niche. — v. t.
To make a recess in (a wall, etc.).

Re-ces'sion (re-£gsh'uu), n. A receding or with-
drawing ; a ceding back ; restoration.

Re-Charge7 (re-chari/), v. t. To charge or accuse
in return ; to attack again.

HRe-Cher'che7 (re-shSr'sha'), a. Sought out with
care ; rare ; choice ; elegant.

Rec'i-pe (rgs'T-pe), n. ; pi. Recipes (-pez). A
prescription for some combination, esp. for pre-
paring medicine.

Re-Cip'i-ent (re-sTpT-ent), a. Receiving. — n.
A receiver ; person or thing that receives. —
Re-cip'i-en-cy (-en-sy), n. State or quality ox
being recipient.

Re-Cip'ro-cal (re-slp'ro-kal), a. Done by each
to the other ; mutually interchangeable ; alter-
nate. — n. Thing reciprocal to another thing ;
quotient arising from dividing unity by any
quantity. — Re-cip'ro-cal-ly, adv. — Re-cip'ro-
cal-ness, Re-cip'ro-cal'i-ty (-kal'T-ty), n. —
Re-cip'ro-Cate (-kat), v. i. To act interchange-
ably ; to alternate. — v. t. To give and return
mutually ; to requite ; to interchange. — Re-
CipTO-Ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. A reciprocating ;
alternation. — ReCi-proc'i-ty (rgs'i-prSs'T-ty),
». Mutual action and reaction ; reciprocal ad-
vantages, obligations, or rights ; interchange.

Re-ci'sion (re-sizh'Qn), n. A cutting off.

Re-Cite7 (re-slf), v. t. To repeat (something
prepared, written down, etc.) ; to tell over ; to
rehearse ; to describe ; to detail ; to count. —
v. i. To repeat something prepared. — Re-Cit'-
er, n. — Re-Cit'al (-nl), n. A reciting ; thing
recited ; narration ; explanation ; narrative. —
ReCi-ta'tion (rgB^-fa'shun), n. A reciting;
public reading or reproduction ; rehearsal of a
lesson by pupils before their instructor. — ReC-
l-ta-tlve/ (-ta-tev'), n. Musical recitation ; a
piece of music intended for recitation.

Reck (rgk), v. i. To make account ; to take
heed ; to care. — Reck'less. a. Rashly neg-
ligent; careless; inattentive ; remiss. — Reck'-
less-ly, adv. — Reck'less-ness, «.

Reck'on (reV'n), v. t. & i. [Reckoned (-'nd) ;
Reckoning.] To count ; to number ; to value ;
to esteem. — Reck'on-er, n. — Reck'on ing
(rgk''n-Tng), n. Calculation ; adjustment of
claims and accounts ; penalty incurred ; ac-
count ; estimation ; calculation of a ship's posi-
tion from observations.

Re-claim' (re-klam'), v. t. To call back ; to re-
cover ; to reform ; to restore (land, etc.) to
use. — v. i. To exclaim against anything ; to
contradict. — Re-claim'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — Re-
Claim'ant (-ant), n. One who reclaims. —
Rec la-ma'tion (rgk'la-ina'shun), n. Recov-
ery ; demand of something to be restored ; ex-
ception taken.

Rec'li-na'tion (rgk'lT-na'shun), n. A reclining.

Recline' (re-klin'), v. t. & i. [Reclined ; Re-
clining.] To lean back or sidewise.

Re-Cluse' (re-klus'), a. Shut up ; retired from
the world or from public notice ; solitary. — n.
One who lives in seclusion ; a religious devotee.
— Re-cluse'ly, adv. — Re-cluse'ness, Re-clu'-
Slon (-klu'zhun), n. Seclusion. — Re-ClU'sive
(-siv), a. Affording retirement.

Rec'og-nize (rgk'5g-nlz), v. t. [Recognized
(-nlzd) ; Recognizing.] To know again ; to
recall knowledge of ; to admit formally ; to con-
fess ; to own ; to concede. — Re-C0g/ni-zee/
(re-kSg'nT-ze7 or -k5n'T-ze'), n. One to whom
a recognizance is made. — Re-COg'ni-zor' (-z6r')»
n. One who enters into a recognizance. —
Rec'Og-ni'tion (rek/gg-nTsh'un) , n. A recogniz-
ing ; acknowledgment ; knowledge confessed or
avowed. — Rec'Og-ni/za-ble (rgk'og-ni'za-b'l or
re-k5g'nT-), a. Capable of being recognized or
acknowledged. — Re-COg'ni-zance ( re-kog'nT-
zans or re-kon'T-), n. Acknowledgment of a
person or thing ; avowal ; a legal obligation of
record to do some particular act; the verdict
of a jury upon assize ; a badge ; a token. — Re-
COg ni-za'tion (-za'shun), n. A recognizing.

Re-C0il' (re-koil'), v. i. [Recoiled (-koild') ; Re-
coiling.] To start, roll, bound, or fall back ;
to draw (from a thing repugnant or alarming) ;
to shrink. — n. A starting back ; the reaction
of firearms when discharged. — Re-COil'er, n.

Rec'Ol-lecf (rgk'ol-lgkf), v. t. To recover knowl-
edge of ; to bring back to memory ; to remem-
ber. — Rec'ol-lec'tion (-lgk'shiin), n. A recol-
lecting ; remembrance ; reminiscence.

Re'-col-lect' (re'kSl-lgkf), v. t. To collect again ;
to gather (something that has been scattered).

Re'com-mence' (re'kSni-mgns'), v. t. To com-
mence again ; to begin anew.

Recommend' (rgk'om-nignd'), v. t. To com-
mend to favorable notice ; to make acceptable ;
to praise ; to advise (an action, measure, rem-
edy, etc.). — Rec'om-men-da'tion (-mgn-da'-
shun), n. A recommending ; that which rec-
ommends ; advice. — Rec ' om - mend ' a - to - ry
(-mend'a-to-r^), a. Serving to recommend ;
commendatory. — Rec om-mend'er, n.

Re commit' (re'kbm-nnt'), v. t. To commit
again; to refer again to a committee. —Re'-
com-mit'ment, Re'com-mit'tal (-tfli), n. A
second commitment ; renewed reference.

Rec'om-pense (rek'5m-pgns), v. t. [Recompensed
(-pgnst) ; Recompensing.] To make a return
to ; to make up to any one ; to repay ; to re-
quite; to compensate, —n. An equivalent re-
turned for anything given or suffered ; amends :
satisfaction ; reward ; requital.

Re compose' (re'k5ni-poz'), v. t. To compose
again ; to tranquilise.

Rec'on-cila-ble(rek'5n-sI'la-b,l), a. Capable of
being reconciled, or of being made to agree or
be consistent. — Rec'on ci la-ble-ness. n. —
Rec'on-ci la-bly, ado. — Reconcile' (-sil'), v

5, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, I, o, 0, y, short , senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, fiuul,

RECONCILER

351

RECUSANT

t. [Reconciled (-slid') ; Reconciling.] To
conciliate anew ; to bring to acquiescence, con-
tent, or submission ; to make consistent ; to
adjust ; to settle. — Rec'on-ci'ler, re. — Rec'-
on-cile'ment, Rec'on-cil'i-a'tion (rek'on-sii'I-
a'shun). re. A reconciling ; restoration to har-
mony or consistency ; reunion ; pacification ;
atonement. — Rec'on-cil'i-a-tO-ry (-sil'i-a-to-
ry), a. Serving or tending to reconcile.

Rec'on-dite (rgk'5n-dit or re-kon'dit), a. Hidden
from the view or intellect ; secret ; abstruse ;
profound ; deep.

Re-con'nois-sance ( re-k5n'nTs-sans ), Re-con'-
nais-sancd, n. [F.] A reconnoitering ; ex-
amination of a tract of country, in warlike
movements or for carrying on public works,
canals, railroads, etc. ; preliminary survey.

Rec'on-noi'ter (rgk'on-noi'ter), Rec'on-noi'tre,

v. t. To examine by the eye; to make a pre-
liminary survey of.

Re-con'quer (re-kon'ker), v. t. To conquer
again ; to recover ; to regain.

Re con-sld'er (re'kon-sid'er), v. t. To consider
again ; to review. — Re'COn-sid'er-a'tlon (-sid'-
er-a'dhun), re. A reconsidering ; renewed con-
sideration or review.

Re'con-Struct' (re'kSn-strQkt'X v. t. To con-
struct again ; to rebuild. — Re'con-Struc'tion
(-struk'shun), re. A constructing again.

Re'COn-vey7 (re'kSn-va'), v. t. To convey back ;
to transfer to a former owner. — Re'COn-vey'-
ance (-ans), re. A reconveying.

Re-COrd' (re-k6rd')? v. t. To preserve the mem-
ory of, by committing to writing, printing, in-
scription, etc. ; to make note of. — Re-cord'er,
re. — Rec'ord (rgk'erd), re. A register; an au-
thentic copy of any writing ; a memorial of facts
entered in a book for preservation.

Re-count' (re-kounf), v. t. To count or reckon
again. — re. A counting (of votes, etc.) a sec-
ond time.

Re-count' (re-kounf), v. t. To relate in detail ;
to tell the particulars of ; to narrate ; to re-
hearse ; to describe.

Re-COUp' (re-koop'), Re-coupe7, v. t. To deduct ;
to reimburse ; to indemnify.

Re-course' (re-kors'), re. Return ; recurrence ;
a going for help ; resort.

Re-cov'er (re-kfiv'er), v. t. [Recovered (-erd) ;
Recovering.] To get or obtain again ; to win
back ; to repair the loss or injury of ; to bring
back to life or health ; to obtain in return for
injury or debt. — v. i. To regain health after
sickness; to regain a former condition after
misfortune ; to succeed in a lawsuit. — Re-
COV'er-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of being re-
covered or restored. — Re-COV'er-y (-er-y), re.
A recovering or obtaining possession ; restora-
tion from sickness, misfortune, etc. ; the ob-
taining of a right by a legal judgment.

Rec're-ail-cy (reVreVm-sy), re. Quality of being
recreant. — Rec're-ant (-ant), a Crying for
mercy ; cowardly ; craven ; false ; unfaithful.
— re. One who yields in combat, and begs for
mercy ; a cowardly wretch.

Re'-cre-ate' (re'kre-af), v. t. To create or form
anew. — Re'-cre-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A form-
ing anew ; a new creation. — Re'-Cre-a'tive
(-a'tiv), a. Creating anew.

Rec're-ate (rgk're-at), v. t. To give fresh life to ;
to reanimate ; to revive ; to refresh ; to amuse ;

Rectangle.

to divert ; to cheer. — v. i. To take recreation.

— Rec're-a'tion (-a'shun), re. A recreating;
refreshment ; amusement ; sport. — Rec're-a'-
tive (rek're-a'ti v), a. Refreshing ; amusing.

Recrement (rek're-ment), re. Superfluous mat-
ter separated from that which is useful ; dross.

Re-crim'1-nate (le-krTm'T-nat), v. t. & i. To
accuse in return. — Re-crim'i-na'tor (-na'ter),
re. — Re-crim'i-na'tion (-na'shun), re. A re-
criminating ; return of one accusation with
another. — Re-crim'i-na-tlve (re-krTm'T-n&-
tiv), Re-crim'i-na-to-ry (-to-ry), a. Recrimi-
nating ; retorting accusation.

Re-cruit' (re-kruf), v. t. To repair by fresh sup-
plies (anything wasted) ; to supply deficiency
in ; to renew in strength or health ; to supply
(an army, etc.) with new men. — 1>. i. To gain
new supplies; to gain flesh, health, spirits,
etc., or new supplies of men for service. — re.
Supply of anything wasted ; a newly enlisted
soldier. — Re-cruit'ment, re. A recruiting.

ReCtan'gle (rek'tSn'g'l), re. A four-sided fig.
ure, having only right angles ;
a right-angled parallelogram.

— Rec-tan'gu-lar (-gu-ler), a.
Right-angled.

Rec'ti-fi-ca'tion (rgk'ti-fT-ka'-
shiin), re. A rectifying, amending, or setting
right; process of refining or purifying.

Rec'tl-fy (rgk'tT-fi), v. t. [Rectified (-fid);
Rectifying.] To make straight or right; to
correct ; to refine ; to better ; to reform ; to
adjust ; to regulate. — Rec'ti-fl'er (-i'er), re.

Recti-lin'e-al (rgk'tT-lTn'e-«i), Rec'ti-lin'e-ar
(-ei), a. Ri?ht-lined ; consisting of right hues;
bounded by right lines.

Rec'ti-tUde (rgk'tT-tud), re. Rightness of princi-
ple or practice ; uprightness ; honesty.

Rec'tor (rgk'ter), re. A clergyman in charge of a
parish ; a pastor ; head master of a public
school ; officer of a university, convent, or reli-
gious house. — Rec'tor-ate (-it), Rec'tor-ship
(-ship), re. Office or rank of a rector. — Rec'-
to-ry (-to-r^), re. A parish church ; parsonage.

Rec'tum (rgk'tum), re. The terminal part of the
large intestines.

Re-cum'bence ( re-kSm'bens ), Re-cum'ben-cy
(-ben-ay), re. The state of being recumbent;
resting. — Re-CUm'bent (-bent), a. Leaning ;
reclining; inactive; idle.

Re-CU'per-ate (re-ku'per-at), v. i. To recover
health. — Re-cu'per-a-tive (a-tlv), Re-cu'per-

a-to-ry (-to-ry), a. Tending to recovery ; per-
taining to recovery.

Re-CUr' (re-kQr'), v. i. [Recurred (-kfird') ; Re-
curring.] To come back ; to return again or
occur at a stated interval ; to resort ; to have
recourse. — Re-cur'rence (-kur'rens), Re-CUX'-
ren-cy (-rgn-sy), re. A recurring ; return ; re-
sort. — Re - cur ' rent (-rSnt), a. Returning
from time to time.

Re-cur'vate (re-kQr'vat), a. Bent backward or
outward. — Re'CUT-va'tion (re'kur-va'shuu), re.
A recurving ; a bending backward. — Re-CUrV6/
(re-kQrv'), v. t. To bend back.

Re-cu'sant ( re-ku'zant ), a. Obstinate in re-
fusal ; refusing to acknowledge the supremacy
of the king, or to conform to the rites of the
church. — re. One obstinate in refusal ; one
who doubts the supremacy of the king in mat-
ters of religion ; a nonconformist.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

RED

352

REENGAGE

Redans.

Refl(r5d),a. [Reddeb ; Reddest.] Of the color
of biood. — n. The color of blood ; a red pig-
ment ; a Red Republican, or extreme radical in
social reform.

Re-dan' (re-dan'), n. In fortification, a work
having two faces
forming an angle
toward the enemy.

Red 'breast (rgd'-
brgsf ), n. The rob-
in ; a kind of snipe ;
a pondfish.

Red'den (rgd'd'n), v.
t. & i. [Reddened (-d'nd) ; Reddening.] To
make or become red ; to blush. — Red'dish, a.
Somewhat red. — Red'dish-ness, n.

Red-dl'tlon (rgd-dTsh'uu), n. A returning ; res-
titution ; surrender.

Re-deem' (re"-den,'), v. t. [Redeemed (-demd') ;
Redeeming.] To purchase back ; to ransom or
rescue from captivity, or from the bondage of
sin and its penalties ; to free ; to deliver ; to
save. — Re-deem'a-ble, a. — Re-deem'er, n.
One who redeems. — Re-demp'tlon (-demp'-
shun), n. A redeeming ; repurchase,; ransom ;
deliverance from sin and the penalties of vio-
lated law. — Re-demp'tion-er, n. One who
redeems himself. — Re-demp'tive (-ti v), Re-
demp'to-ry (-to-r^), a. Serving to redeem.

Red'-gum' (rgd'gum'), w. An eruption of red
pimples in infancy ; tooth rash ; a disease of
grain.

Red'-hot' (rgdlioV), n. Red with heat ; heated ;
excited ; violent.

Re-din'te-grate (re-dTn'te-grat), v. t. To renew ;
to restore to a perfect state. — Re-din'te-gra'-
tlon (-gra'shQn), n. Restoration to a sound
Btate; renovation.

Red'ness (rgd'ngs), n. Quality of being red ; red
color.

Red'o-lence (rSd'S-lens), Red'o-len-cy (-lni-s^),

n. Quality of being redolent. — Red'0-lent
(-lent), a. Diffusing odor or fragrance ; scented.

Re-dou'ble (re-dub"l), v. t. & i. To double again
or repeatedly ; to multiply.

Re-dOUbt' (readout'), n. An outwork within an-
other outwork in fortification.

Redoubt.

Re-dOUbt'a-ble (re-dout'a-b'l), a. Formidable;

valiant.
Redound' (re-dound'), v. i. To roll back as a

wave ; to ccme back as a consequence or result ;

to be in ex cess; to be redundant.
Red'OW-a (rgd'<i-a), n. A dance in triple time.
Re-dress' (rS-dreV), 1-. I. [Rf.dressed (-drgsf) ;

Redressing.] To set right (a wrong) ; to rem-

edy ; to make amends to. — n. Deliverance
from wrong, injury, or oppression ; reparation ;
amendment ; remedy. — Re-dress'er, n. — Re-
dress'ive (-Tv), a. Tending to redress.

Red'top' (rgd'top'), n. An American pasture
grass ; herd's grass.

Reduce' (re-dus'), v. t. [Reduced (-dust') ; Re-
ducing.] To bring to a specified condition ; to
convert ; to diminish ; to lessen ; to bring into
subjection ; to change (numbers) from one de-
nomination into another without altering their

value. — Re-du'cer (-du'eer), n. — Re-du'ci-ble
(-sT-b'l), a. Capable of being reduced ; con-
vertible. — Re-dUC'tlon (-duk'shun), n. A re-
ducing ; conversion ; conquest ; a changing
numbers from one denomination to another, or
the form of a quantity or expression, without
altering its value. — Re-dUC'tive (-tlv), a. Hav-
ing power to reduce.
Re-dun'dance (re -dun 'dans), Re-dun'dan-cy

(-dan-s^), n. Quality of being redundant ; any-
thing superfluous. — Re-dun'daut (-dant), a.
Exceeding what is natural or necessary ; using
more words than are useful ; excessive ; exuber-
ant ; copious. — Re-dun'daut- ly, adv.

Re-du'pli-cate (re-du'pll-kat), v . t. To redouble ;
to multiply ; to repeat. — Re-du'pli-ca'tion
( -ka'shun ), n. A doubling. — Re-du'pli-ca-
tlve (-ka-tYv), a. Double.

Re-ech'o (re-gk'6), v. t. & i. To echo back ; to
reverberate again. — n. The echo of an echo.

Reed (red), n. A grasslike plant with hollow,
jointed stems ; a musical pipe. — Reed Organ.
A wind instrument in which the wind acts on a
set of reeds, as the melodeon. — Reed'y (red'jf ),
a. Abounding with reeds ; shrill in tone.

Reef (ref), n. A. chain of rocks near the surface
of the water. — Reefy (-?), a. Full of reefs or
rocks.

Reef (ref), n. Part of a sail which may be taken
in or let out, according to the force of the wind.

— v./. [Reefed (reft); Reefing.] To reduce
the extent of (sail) by rolling or folding.

Reek (rek), n. Vapor; steam; smoke. — v, i.
[Reeked (rekt) ; Reeking.] To emit vapor ; to
steam ; to fume. — Reek'y (-y), a. Soiled with
smoke or steam ; smoky.

Reel (rel), 11. A lively Scotch dance.

Reel (rel), n. A frame on which yarn, thread,
lines, etc., are wound ; an attachment to a har-
vesting machine, to hold grain while the knives
cut it. — v. t. [Reeled (reld) ; Reeling.] To
wind (thread) upon a reel. — v. i. To move un-
steadily in walking ; to stagger ; to be giddy.

Re'e-lect' (rc^e-lgkf), v. t. To elect again. —
Re'e-lec'tion (-15k'.shun), n. Repeated election.

— Re-el'i-gl-blO (-glT-jI-b'l), a. Capable of
being elected again.

Re'en-act' (re^u-Skf), t». t. To enact again. —
Re'en-ac'tion (-Sk'shun), Reen-act'ment
(-Skt'ment), n. The enacting a law a second
time ; renewal of a law.

Re'e'n-force' (re gn-fors'), v. I. To strengthen
with new force or support. — n. Something
which strengthens ; part of a gun near the
breecli stronger than the rest of the piece ; an
additional thickness of cloth round a button-
hole, etc. — Re- en-f orce'ment (-ment), n. A
reenforring ; additional force.

Re'en-gage' (re'gn-gaj'), v. t. & i. To engage a
second time.

a, e, 1, 5, G, long ; &, C, I, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, fcbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

REENTER

353

REFUTATION

Re-en'ter (re-gn'ter), v. t. & i. To enter again or
anew. — Reentering angle. An angle of a
polygon pointing inward.

Re/es-tab'lish (re'eVtaViTsh),

v. t. To establish anew ; to

fix again. — Re'es-tab'lish-
ment, n. An estaulishiiig
again ; restoration.

Reeve (rev), n. The female of

the ruff. a Reentering Angle.

Reeve (rev), v. i. [Rove (rov) j Reeving.] To
pass (the end of a rope) through a block, cleat,
cringle, etc.

Re/e'x-port' (re7eks-port'), v. t. To export again,
as wii.it has been imported. — Re-ex'poit (re-
eko'port), n. Any commodity reexported.

Re-fash'ion (re-fSsh'un), v. t. To fashion anew ;
to form into shape a second time.

Re-fec'tlon (re-fek'shun), n. Refreshment after
hunger or fatigue ; a lunch. — Re-f ec'to-ry (-to-
ry), n. A room for refreshment.

Re-fer' (re-fer'), v. t. & i. [Referred (-ferd') ;
Referring.] To carry or send back; to allude;
to appeal. — Ref er-a-ble (rgfer-a-bl), a. Ca-
pable of being referred. — Ref'er-ee' (rgf'er-e'),
n. One to whom a thing is referred; an um-
pire.— Reference (rgfer-ens), n. A refer-
ring ; allusion. — Ref er-en'dum (rgf'er-gn'-
dum) , n. Right of the people to -vote on a meas-
ure passed by the legislature. — Re-f er'ri-ble (re-
fer'rl-b'l), a. Referable.

Re-fine7 (re-fin'), v- t. [Refined (-find7) ; Re-
fining.] To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure
state ; to purify ; to clarify ; to polish. — v. i.
To become pure. — Re-fined7 (-Ind'), a. Freed
from extraneous matter ; purified ; cultured ;
polite ; delicate. — Re-fine/ment, n. A refin-
ing ; culture ; elegance ; over-nicety. — Re-fin'-
er, n. — Re-fln'er-y (-er-^), n. Place and ap-
paratus for refining metals, sugar, etc.

Re-lit'(re-fTt') v.l.&i. [Refitted ; Refitting.]
To fit or prepare again ; to repair.

Re-flect' (rfc-ASkf), v. t. & i. To bend or throw
back; to return after striking upon any surface ;
to turn back the thoughts upon anything ; to
consider ; to contemplate ; to ponder. — Re-
flec'tion (-flSk'shuii), n. [Written also reflex-
ion.] A reflecting ; the return of rays, sound
etc., from a surface; attentive consideration ;
thinking ; reproach ; censure. — Re-flect'ive
(-flgktlv), a. Reflecting ; prone to meditation ;
reciprocal. — Re-flect'or (-er), n.

Re/fiex (re'flgks ; formerly re-flgks'), a. Directed
back ; retroactive ; introspective ; produced in
reaction, in resistance, or in return. — Re-flex'-
ive (-flgksf v), a. Bending or turned backward ;
reflective.

Reflu-ence (rgf'lu-«ns), Ref'ln-en-cy (-en-sf), n.
A Sowing back. — Reflu-ent (-ent), n. Flow-
in? back ; returning ; ebbing. — Re'flnx (re'-
fluks), n. A flowing back ; ebb ; reaction.

Re-form' (re-form'), v. t. To form again ; to
create or shape anew ; to restore to a former
good state, or bring from bad to good. — v. i.
To return to a good state ; to be corree ted. — n.
Amendment of what is defective, corrupt, or de-
praved ; rectification : correction. — Re-form'er.
n. — Re'-for-ma'tion (re'fBr-ma'shunj, n. A
forming anew ; a second forming (of troops,
etc.) in order. — Ref or-ma'tlon (rgf'5r-ma'-
shiin), n. A reforming ; amendment ; rectifi-

of Incidence ; rpq
Angle of Refraction.

cation. — Re-f orm'a-tlve (re-fo"rm'i-tTv), Re-
fonn'a-to-ry (-to-rjr), a. Tending to produce
reformation.

Re-fract' (re-frSkf), v. t. To bend abruptly back ;
to turn (rays of light) from a direct course. —
Re-frac'tion ( -frSk'shun ), n. A refracting ;
change in direction. — Re-
fract'ive(-Tv), a. Serving
to refract; pertaining to
refraction. — Re - fract ' or
(-er), n. — Re-frac'to-ry
(-to-ry), a. Perverse ; ob-
stinate ; stubborn. — Re-

frac'to-ri-ly, a.— Re-frac'-
to-ri-ness, n

Ref'ra-ga-ble (rgf'ra-ga-b'l),
a. Capable of being re-
futed ; refutable.

Re-frain' (re-fran'), v. t. & i.
[Refrained (-fraud') ; Re-
fraining.] To hold back ;
to restrain ; to forbear. — _
n. The burden of a soug / r 4
or a phrase recurring at Refraction,

the end of each division of a Glass Vessel filled
a poem. with Water, showing

Re-fran'gl-ble ( re - frSn ' jl- gj-J '«ction of H*y °f
b'l), a. Capable of being B Vels;el, having it8

refracted.— Re-frail' gl- lower part filled with

bil'l-ty (-bil'I-ty), n. Water; ri Rav of

Re-fresh' (re-fresh'), v. t. Y^^^xl^J

[Refreshed (-frgsht'); Re- Zc^/,°^^t

freshing.] To make fresh dicular: sPQ Angle
again ; to invigorate ; to re-
vive; to renovate; to cheer.

— Re-fresh'er, n. — Re-

fresh'ment, n. A refreshing ; restoration of
strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness ; food taken
for fresh strength or vigor.
Re-frig'er-ant (re-frlj'er-ant), a. Cooling. — n.
That which abates heat, or cools. — Re-frig'er-
ate (-at), v. t. To allay the heat of ; to refresh.

— Re-frig'er-a'tion (-a'shiin), n. A cooling. —
Re-frig'er-a-tlve (-a-tTv), a. Allaying heat. —
n. A cooling medicine. — Re-frig'er-a'tor (-5'-
ter), n. That which cools ; a box for keeping
articles cool by means of ice ; apparatus for
rapid cooling, connected with a still, etc.

Ref'nge (rgf'uj), n. Shelter from danger or dis-
tress ; a place inaccessible to an enemy ; re-
treat; cover. — Refn-gce7 (rgf fi-je7), n. One
who flies to a place of saferv.

Re-fnl'gence (re-fui'jms), Re-fnl'gen-cy (-jen-
sf), n. Quality of being ref ulgent. — Re-ful'-
gent (-jent), a. Casting a bright light ; radi-
ant ; brilliant ; splendid. — Re-ful'gent-ly, adv.

Re-fund' (re-fund'), v. t. To return for what has
been taken : to repay ; to restore.

Re-fns'al (re-fuz'al), n. A refusing ; denial of
anything demanded, solicited, or offered for ac-
ceptance ; the right of taking in preference to
others ; option ; preference.

Re-fuse' (re-fuz'), v. t. & i. [Refused (-f uzd') ;
Refusing.] To deny ; to reject. — Re-fus'er,
«. — Ref'nse (rgf'us), a. Refused; rejected;
worthless. — n. Waste matter ; dregs; trash.

Re-fute' (re-fuf), p. t. To prove to be false or
erroneous ; to confute ; to repel. — Re-fut/er,
n. — Re-fut'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Admitting of be-
ing refuted. — Ref'U-ta'tlon (rgfu-ta'shdn), n.
A refuting or disproving.

l§rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

REGAIN

354

REINSURE

Re-gain' (re-gan'), v. t. To gain anew ; to re-
cover (what has been lost) ; to retrieve.

Re'gal (re'gal), a. Pertaining to a king ; kingly ;
royal. — Re'gal-ly, adv.

Re-gale' (re-gal'), v. t. [Regaled (-galdV) ; Re-
galing.] To entertain sumptuously ; to refresh.

— v. i. To feast. — n. A banquet. — Re-gale'-
ment, n. Refreshment ; gratification.

Re-ga'li-a (re-ga'lT-a), n. pi. Insignia of royalty ;
regal symbols ; decorations of an office or order.

Re-gal'i-ty ( re-gal' i-tf), n. Royalty ; sovereign
jurisdiction.

Re-gard' (re-gard'), v. t. To observe ; to notice
particularly ; to pay respect to ; to look upon ;
to esteem ; to value. — n. Look ; aspect ; heed ;
care ; esteem ; attachment ; reverence. — Re-
gard'f ul (-ful), a. Mindful ; heedful ; observ-
ant.— Re-gard'ful-ly, adv. — Re-gard'less, a.
Not looking or attending ; negligent ; careless ;
inattentive ; neglectful. — Re - gaid ' less - ly,
adv. — Re-gardless-ness, n.

Re-gatrta(re-g5t/ta), n. A rowing match ; a boat
race.

Re'gen-cy (re'jen-syl, n. The office of a regent
or ruler ; authority ; government ; body of men
intrusted with vicarious government.

Re-gen'er-ate (re-je'n'er-at), v. t. To produce
anew ; to convert to holiness ; to make a radical
change for the better. —Re-gen'er-ate (-at), a.
Reproduced ; spiritually renewed. — Re-gen'er-
a-cy (-a-s^), Re-gen'er-ate-ness, n. — Re-gen' -
er-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A regenerating ; repro-
duction ; the entering into a new spiritual life.

— Re-gen' er-a-tlve (-jen'er-a-tT v), a. Belong-
ing to regeneration.

Re'gent (re'jpnt), a. Ruling ; governing ; exer-
cising vicarious authority. — n. One who rules,
or who governs a kingdom in the minority or
disability of the sovereign ; a trustee or over-
seer. — Re'gent-Ship, n. Power of governing ;
office of a regent ; regency.

Reg'i-cide (rgjl-sld), n. A killer, or the killing,
of a king.

llRe^gime' (ra'zhem'), n. Mode of rule ; admin-
istration.

Reg'i-nten (rgjT-men), n. Orderly government ;
a course of diet ; administration.

Reg'i-ment (r6jT-tnfint), n. A body of troops
commanded by a colonel, consisting usually of
ten companies. — Reg'i-men'tal (-inSn'tal), a.
Belonging to a regiment. — Reg'i-men'tals
(-trrlz), n. pi. Uniform of a regiment.

Re'gion (re'jiin), n. A space or territory; dis-
trict ; tract.

Reg'lS-ter (rgjTs-ter), n. A written account ;
list; record; keeper of a record ; musical com-
pass of a voice or instrument ; a portion of the
compass of a voice; a set of pipes in an organ.

— v. t. [Registered ; Registering.] To enter
in a register; to enroll. — Reg'is trar (-trar),
n. One who registers ; a keeper of records. —
Reg'i3-tra'tion (-tra'shun), n. An inserting in
a register. — Reg'is-try (rgj'Ts-tr^), n. A re-
cording in a register ; place where a register is
kept ; a s<>ri<\s of facts recorded.

Reg'let (re'g'le't), n. A flat, narrow molding; a
thin strip of wood or metal used to space type
for printing.

Reg'nant (reg'nrmt), <7. Exercising regal author-
it y; reigning; dominant; prevalent.

Re'gress (re'gres), ?i. Passage back ; return ;

liberty of returning or passing back. — Re-
gression (re-gresh'Qn), n. A returning. — Re-
gressive (-gres'Iv), a. Passing back.

Re-gret' (re-gr^f ), v. t. [Regretted ; Regret-
ting.] To grieve over; to look back at with
longing. — n. Pain of mind at something caus-
ing unhappiness ; concern ; sorrow ; penitence ;
remorse. — Re-gref ful (-ful), a. Full of re-
gret. — Re-gret'ful-ly, adv.

Reg'U-lar (rgg'u-ler), a. Conformed to a rule,
law, principle, or mode ; uniform in course or
occurrence; normal; orderly; periodical. —«.
A duly qualified member of a religious order ; a
soldier of a standing army. — Reg'U-lar'i-ty
(-lar'I-ty), n. Condition of being regular;
uniformity. — Reg'U-lar-ly (-ler-ty), adv.

Reg'U-late (rgg'u-lat), v. t. To adjust by rule,
method, or established mode ; to put in good
order ; to direct ; to govern. — Reg'U-la'tion
(-la'shun), n. A regulating ; prescribed rule or
order ; a method ; a principle. — Reg'U-la'tor
(rgg'u-la/ter), n.

Re-gur'gi-tate (re-gfir'jT-tat), v. t. & i. To throw
or pour back. — Re-gur'gi-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n.
A pouring back by the orifice of entrance ; swal-
lowing again.

Re'ha-bil'i-tate (re'ha-bil'T-tat), v. t. To restore
to a lost rank or right ; to reinstate. — Re'ha-
Dil'i-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. A rehabilitating.

Re-hear' (re-her'), v. t. [Reheard (re-herd');
Rehearing.] To hear again ; to try anew.

Re-hearse' (re-hers'), v. t. [Rehearsed (-hersf) ;
Rehearsing.] To repeat (what has been al-
ready said) ; to recount ; to relate ; to recite in
private for experiment and improvement, be-
fore a public representation. —Re-hears'er, ».
— Re-hears'al (,-al), n. A recital ; narration.

I Reichs'rath/ (riks'rat'), n. The Austrian parlia-
ment.

HReichs'stadt' (riks'stat'), n. A free city of the
old German Empire.

HRelchs'tag' (riks'tag'), n. The German house
of representatives, or diet.

Rei'gle (re'g'l), n. A hollow cut or channel for
guiding anything.

Reign (ran), n. Royal authority ; supreme power ;
time during which a sovereign possesses the au-
thority ; empire ; dominion ; influence ; preva-
lence. — v. i. [Reigned (rand) ; Reigning.]
To possess or exercise sovereign power ; to be
predominant ; to prevail.

Re'im-hurse' (re'Tm-btirs'), v. i. [Reimbursed
(-bursty ; Reimbursing.] To pay back ; to
indemnify ; to make up ; to restore. — Re'im-
burse'ment, n. A repayment.

Rein (ran), ». The strap of a bridle, which re-
strains a horse, etc. ; an instrument of curbing
or governing. — v. I. [Reined (rand) ; Rein-
ino.] To govern by a bridle ; to control.

Rein'deer' (ran'der'), n. A large animal of the
deer kind, found in the colder part of both
hemispheres.

Re'in-force', n. See Reenforce.

Reins (ranz), n. pi. The kidneys ; the loins ;
the affections and passions.

Re'in-State' (re'Tn-stat'), v. I. To place again in
possession, or in a former state.

Re'in-SUre' (re'Tn-shur'), v. t. To insure again,
after a former insurance lias ceased ; to insure
property in favor of one who has previously in-
sured it.

a, 8,1, 5, II, long ; a, e, I, 6, il, y, short ; aeuftte, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

REINVEST

355

REMEDY

Re'in-vest' (rS'Tn-vSst/), v. t. To invest anew.

Re-is'Slie (re-Tsh'u), v. t. To issue a second
time. — n. A repeated issue.

Re-it'er-ate (re-it'er-at), v. t. To repeat again
and again ; to recapitulate ; to rehearse. — Re-
it' er-a'tion (-a'shiiu), n. Repetition.

Re-jectf (re-jSkf), v. I. To cast from one ; to
throw away ; to decline harshly ; to repel ■, to
slight ; to repudiate ; to decline. — Re-ject'er,
n. — Re-jec'tion (-jSk'shun), n. A rejecting ;
a refusal ; a repulse ; a slight.

Re-Juice7 (re-joia'), v. i. [Rejoiced (-joist/) ; Re-
joicing.] To feel joy ; to delight ; to triumph.

— v. t. To give joy to ; to please ; to delight.
Re-join' (re"-join'), v. t. [Rejoined (-johid') ; Re-
joining.] To join again ; to unite after separa-
tion. — v. i. To answer to a reply. — Re-join'-
der (re-join'derX n. An answer to a reply.

Re-]u've-nate (re-ju've-nat), v. t. To render
young again. — Re-Ju've-nes'cence (-nes'sens),
n. A growing young again.

Re-lapse' (re-laps'), v. t. [Relapsed (-lapsf) ;
Relapsing.] To slip or slide back; to return
to a former state, — n. A falling back, esp.
into a former bad state of body or morals.

Re-late' (re-lat'), v. t. To recount ; to narrate ;
to ally by connection or kindred, — v. i. To
pertain ; to refer. — Re-lat'er (-er), Re-lat'or,
n. — Re-la'tion (-la'shun), n. A relating or
telling; narrative of facts ; relative condition;
kindred; affinity; kinsman. — Re-la'tion-al
(-til), a. Related ; specifying some relation. —
Re-la'tion-ship, n. State of being related.

Rel'a-tive (rgi'a-tiv), a. Having relation ; re-
specting ; not absolute. — n. One who, or
that which, relates to something else ; a rela-
tion by blood or affinity. — Rel'a-tive-ly, adv.

— Rel'a-tive-ness, n.

Re-lat' or, n. See under Relate, v. t.

Re-lax' (re-lSks'), v. t. [Relaxed (-lSksf) ; Re-
laxing.] To make less close, firm, rigid, etc. ;
to relieve from effort ; to remit ; to abate ; to
divert, — v. i. To become loosened, feeble, or
lax ; to abate ; to remit. — Re'lax-a'tion (-a'-
shun), n. A relaxing.

Re-lay' (re-la'), n. A supply (of horses, dogs,
men, etc.) to relieve those who are tired; an
auxiliary electric current.

Re-lay' (re-la'), v. t. [Relayed (-lad') ; Relay-
ing.] To lay again, or a second time.

Re-lease7 (re-lea'), v. t. To lease again; to let
back.

Re-lease' (re-les'), v. t. [Released (-lest') ; Re-
leasing.] To set free from restraint, obliga-
tion, or oppression ; to let go (a legal claim) ;
to free ; to acquit. — n. A letting loose or
freeing ; discharge from obligation or responsi-
bility ; a quitclaim. — Re-leas'er, n.

Rel'6-gate (rgl'e-gat), V. t. To remove ; to con-
sign ; to remand ; to banish. — Rel'e-ga'tion
(-ga'shun), n. A relegating; removal; exile.

Re-leaf (re-lguf), v. i. To become less harsh,
hard, cruel, etc. ; to feel compassion. — Re-
lent'less, a. Unmoved by sympathy or for-
Kiveuess ; unpitying ; unmerciful ; cruel.

Rel'6-vant (rgl'e-v«nt), a. Bearing upon the
case in hand; pertinent; applicable. — Rel'e-
vance (-vans), Rel'e-van-cy (-▼an-a^), n.

Re-li'a-Dle (re-li'a-b'l), a. Suitable or fit to be
relied on ; trustworthy. — Re-li'a-ble-ness,
Re-li'a-bil'i-ty (-bTlT-ty), n.

Re-li'ance (re-ll'ans), n. Trust ; confidence.

Rel'ic (rgl'Tk), n. That which remains after loss
or decay ; a corpse ; a memorial.

Rel'ict (rel'Tkt), n. A widow.

Re-lief (re-lei'), n. A relieving, or state of being
relieved ; removal of evil or of anything op-
pressive ; whatever gives aid or comfort ,• in art,
prominence of a figure above the ground ; pro-
jection.

Relieve' (re-lev'), v. t. [Relieved (-levd') ; Re-
lieving.] To cause to rise or seem to rise ; to
set off by contrast ; to free from burden, evil,
distress, etc., or from the discharge of a duty.

Re-11'gion (re-llj'un), n. A system of faith and
worship ; piety ; sanctity. — Re-li'gion-ism
(-Tz'm), n. Practice of affected or false reli-
gion. — Re-li'gion-ist, n. One bigotedly de-
voted to a religion ; a zealot ; a devotee. — Re-
li'giOUS (-iis), a. Pertaining to, or concerned
with, religion ; faithful or exact ; pious ; holy ;
devout ; strict ; rigid. — Re-li'giOUS-ly, adv.

Re-lin'quish (re-lTn'kwish), v. t. [Relinquished
(-kwisht) ; Relinquishing.] To withdraw from ;
to leave behind ; to renounce a claim to ; to
quit ; to forsake ; to abandon ; to forego. —
Re-lin'quish-er, «. — Re-lin'qtnish-ment, n.

A relinquishing ; renunciation.
Rel'1-qua-ry (rel'T-kwa-ry), n. A depositary ; a

Rel'ish (rgl'ish), v. t. [Relished (-isht) ; Rel-
ishing.] To taste with pleasure ; to enjoy ; to
give a pleasing flavor to. —v. i. To have a
pleasing taste or flavor, —n. A pleasing taste
or quality ; flavor ; fondness ; something taken
with food to render it more palatable. — Rel'-
ish-a-ble, a. Of agreeable taste.

Re-lUCt' (re-lukf), v. i. To strive against any-
thing; to make resistance. — Re-lllC'tance
(-liik'tans), Re-lUC'tan-cy (-tan-sy), n. Aver-
sion ; repugnance ; unwillingness ; dislike. —
Re-luc'tant (-tant), a. Averse ; loth ; disin-
clined ; backward. — Re-luc'tant-ly, adv.

Re lame' (re-Kim'), v. t. [Relumed (-liimd') ;
Reluming.] To rekindle ; to light again.

Re-ly' (re-li'), v. i. [Relied (-lid') ; Relying.]
To confide ; to rest satisfied ; to trust.

Re-main' (re-man'), v. i. [Remained (-mand') ;
Remaining.] To stay behind while others
withdraw ; to continue fixed or unchanged ; to
stay ; to last ; to endure. — Re-mains' (-manz'),
n. pi. That which is left ; relic ; remainder ;
a corpse ; literary works of one who is dead. —
Re-main'der (-man'dSr), n. Anything that re-
mains ; rest ; residue ; remnant.

Re-mark' (re-m'ark'), v. t. [Remarked (-markf) ;
Remarking.] To take notice of ; to observe ; to
say. — n. An observation ; a note ; a comment.
— Re-mark'a-ble, a. Worthy or capable of
being remarked ; extraordinary ; unusual ;
wonderful ; strange ; famous. — Re-mark'a-
ble-ness, n. — Re-mark'a-bly, adv.

Re-me'di-a-ble (re-me'dl-a-b'l), a. Capable of
being remedied.

Re-me'di-al (re-mevdT-fll), a . Affording a remedy.

Re-med'i-less (re-m5d'T-lSs or rSm'e-dT-lSs), a.
Incapable of being remedied ; incurable.

Rem'e-dy (rSm'e-d^), n. ; pi. Remedies (-dTz).
That which cures a disease or counteracts an
evil ; cure ; relief ; aid ; help. —v. t. [Remedied
(-dTd) ; Remedying.] To apply a remedy or
cure to ; to heal ; to redress ; to counteract.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, Bine, ink, then, thin.

REMEMBER

356

RENNET

Re-mem'ber (re-mem'ber), v. t. [Remembered
(-berd) ; Remembering.] To bring to mind
again ; to recall ; to preserve in the memory. —
Re-mem'ber-er, n. — Re-mem'brance (-brans),
n. A remembering ; recollection ; a memo-
rial ; a memento ; a reminiscence. — Re-mem'-
bran-cer (-bran-ser), n. One who, or that
which, reminds ; a memorial.

Re-mind' (rfe-mind'), ». t. To put in mind ; to
bring to the remembrance or to the notice of.
— -Re-mind'er, n.

Rem'i-nis'cence ( rem ' T - nis ' sens ), n. That
which is recalled to mind ; remembrance ; rec-
ollection. — Rem'i-nis'cent (-sent), a Able
or inclined to call to mind.

Re-mise' (re-miz'), v. t. [Remised (-mlzd') ; Re-
mising.] To release a claim to ; to grant back.

Re-miss' (re-mis'), a. Slack in discharging duty
or business ; negligent ; careless ; inattentive.

Re-mis'si-ble (re"-rnls'sl-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing remitted.

Re-mis'sion (re-mlsh'un), n. A remitting ; dis-
charge from that which is due ; relinquishment
of a claim, right, or obligation ; temporary sub-
sidence of disease or pain ; abatement ; release.

Re-mit' (re-mlt'), v. t. [Remitted ; Remitting.]
To send back ; to give up ; to surrender ; to re-
lax in intensity ; to forgive ; to transmit to a
distance (money, bills, etc.).— v.i. To abate;
to become moderated. — Re-mit'ter (-ter), Re-
mit'tor (-tor), n. — Re-mit'ment, Re-mit'tal
(-tal), n. A remitting ; a surrender. — Re-mit'-
tance (-tans), n. A transmitting money, etc.,
to a distant place ; sum or thing remitted. —
Re-mit'tent (-tent), a. Temporarily ceasing.

Rem'nant (rem'nont), a. Remaining ; still left.
— n. Residue; rest; a small portion.

Re-mod'el (re-mod'el), v. t. To model or fashion
anew.

Re-mold' (re-mold'), Re-mould', v. t. To mold
or shape anew ; to make over.

Re-mon'strance (re-m5n'strans), n. A remon-
strating ; expostulation ; earnest advice or re-
proof. — Re-mon'Strant (-strant), a. Inclined
or tending to remonstrate ; expostulatory. — n.
One who remonstrates.

Re-mon'strate (re-mon'strat), v. i. To exhibit
reasons against an act, measure, etc. ; to ex-
postulate. — Re-mon'stra-tor (-stra-ter), n.

Rem'o-ra (rgm'6-ra), n. The sucking fish, whose
anterior dorsal fin is a sucking disk, by which it
can adhere to sharks, vessels, etc.

ft Remora (EcheneU naucrates), clinging to a Sand
Shark (c).

Re-morse' (re-m6rs'), n. Keen pain excited by a
sense of guilt ; compunction ; regret ; compas-
sion. — Re-morse'ful (-ful), a. Full of remorse
or compunction. — Re-mbrse'less, c Without
remorse or sensibility ; cruel ; pitiless ; relent-
less; savage. — Re-morse'less-ly, adv.

Re-mote' (ru-mof), a. Removed to a "distance;
far away ; foreign ; alien ; slight ; inconsidera-
ble. — Re-mote'ly, adv. — Re-mote'ness, n.

Re-mount' (re -mount'), v. t. & i. To mount
again ; to reascend.

Re-mov'a-ble (re-modv'a-b'l), a. Admitting of
being removed. — Re-moVa-bil'i-ty, n.

Re-mov'al (re-mobv'«l), n. A removing or taking
away ; change of place ; dismission ; death.

Re-move' (re-moov'), v. t. & i. [Removed ; Re-
moving.] To change place ; to move away. —
n. A removing ; removal ; thing removed ;
space through which anything is removed ; in-
terval ; step ; distance. — Re-mov'er, n.

Re-mu'ner-ate ( re-mu'uer-at ), v. t. To pay an
equivalent to for any service, loss, etc. ; to re-
ward ; to compensate ; to repay. — Re-mu'ner-
a'tion (-a'shun), n. A remunerating; repay-
ment ; satisfaction ; requital. — Re-mu'ner-a-
tive (-a-tlv), Re-mu'ner-a-to-ry (-t$-ry), a.
Affording recompense.

I Re-nais sance' (F. re-na'saNS' ; E. re-nas'sans),
n. A new birth ; revival ; the revival of learn-
ing and art in the 15th century ; the style of art
then prevailing.

Re'nal (re'nal), a. Pertaining to the kidneys.

Ren'ard (ren'erd), n. A fox.

Re-nas'cence (re-nas'sens), Re-nas'cen-cy (-sen-
s^), n. The state of being produced again.

Re-nas'cent ( - sent ), a. Springing into being
again ; reproduced ; rejuvenated.

Ren-COn'tre ( ren-kon'ter ; F. raN'kCN'tr' ), n.
Same as Rencounter, n.

Ren-COUn'ter (ren-koun'ter), v. t. & i. To meet
unexpectedly ; to encounter. — n. A meeting
of two persons or bodies ; action or engagement ;
conflict ; collision ; clash.

Rend (rgnd), v. t. [Rent (rent) ; Rending.] To
separate into parts suddenly or violently ; to
tear asunder ; to split. — Rend'er, n.

Ren'der ( rgn ' der ), v. t. [Rendered ( - derd ) ;
Rendering.] To return ; to fay back ; to re-
store ; to inflict as retribution ; to surrender ; to
contribute ; to state ; to interpret ; to extract
(oil, lard, fat, etc.) from animal substances ; to
plaster roughly. — Ren'der-a-ble, a.

Ren'dez-VOUS (rgn'de-voo or riiN'-), n. A place
for meeting ; a meeting by appointment, —v. i.
& t. [Rendezvoused (-vood) ; Rendezvousing
(-voo-ing).] To assemble at a particular place.

Ren-di'tion ( ren-dish'un ), n. A rendering, or
returning ; surrender ; translation.

Rend'rock7 (rend'rok'), n. A kind of dynamite,
for blasting.

Ren'e-gade (ren'e-gad), Ren'e-ga'do (-pa'do), n.
One faithless to principle or party ; an apostate.

Re-new' (re-nu'), v. t. [Renewed (-nud') ; Re-
newing.] To make over as good as new ; to
give new life to ; to begin again ; to repeat ex-
actly ; to transform ; to reestablish. — v. i. To
be made new ; to commence again. — Re-new'-
a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — Re-new'al (-al), n. A re-
newing ; thing renewed. — Re-new'ed-ly (-6d-
\f), adv. Again ; once more.

Ren'i form (rgn'I-f6rm), a. Having the form of
a kidney.

Re-ni'tence ( re-nl'tens ), Re-nl'-
ten-cy ( - ten - sjr ), n. State of
being renitent ; reluctance. —
Re-ni'tent (-tent), a. Resist ng
pressure ; persistently opposed.

Ren'net (rgn'ngt), v. The inner
membrane of a calf's stomach, Rcniform Lcaf.
used for coagulating milk.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

RENOUNCE

357

REPOSITORY

Re-nounce' (re-nouns'), v. t. [Renounced (re-
nounst') ; Renouncing.] To declare against ;
to reject; to disavow; to disclaim; to give up.

— Re-nounce'ment, n. A disclaiming ; renun-
ciation. — Re-noun'cer (-noun'ser), n.

Ren'O-vate (ren'6-vat), v. t. To make over again ;
to render as good as new. — Ren'O-Va'tion (-va'-
shun), n. A renovating ; renewal.

Re-nown' (re-noun'), n. The being known and
talked of ; celebrity. — Re-nowned/ (-nound'),
a. Famous ; noted ; eminent ; remarkable ;
wonderful. — Re-nown'ed-ly, adv.

Rent (rent), imp. & p. p. of Rend. —n. An open-
ing made by rending ; a breach made by force ;
a schism ; a separation ; a rupture.

Rent (rent), n. A periodical payment for use of
property. — v. t. To grant the possession and
enjoyment of ; to lease. — v. i. To be leased,
or let for rent. — Rent'a-ble ( rent'a-b'l ), a.
Rent'al (-al), n. An account of rents. — Renti-
er, n. — Rent roll. A list of rents ; a rental.

Re-nun'ci-a'tion (re - nun ' si - a ' shun or -slu-a'-
shiiu), n. A renouncing ; disownment ; recan-
tation ; denial ; relinquishment.

Re-OI'gan-i-za'tion (re-Cr'gan-T-za'shun), n. An
organizing anew.

Re-01'gan-ize (re-6r'gan-iz), v. t. To organize
anew ; to reduce again to organized condition.

Rep (rep), n. A fabric of silk or wool, having a
surface appearing as if made of small cords. —
a. Formed with such a surface.

Re-pair' (re-paV), v. t. [Repaired (-pSrd') ; Re-
pairing.] To restore to a sound or good state ; to
make amends for (an injury) by an equivalent ;
to mend ; to retrieve ; to recruit. — n. Resto-
ration after decay, waste, or partial destruction ;
reparation. — Re-palr'er, n.

Re-palr' (re-paV), v. i. To go ; to betake one's
self ; to resort.

Re-pair'a-ble (re-pSr'a-b'l), Rep'a-ra-ble (rer/-
a-ra-b'l), a. Capable of being repaired ; retriev-
able ; recoverable.

Rep'a-ra'tion (rgp'a-ra'shun), n. A repairing;
indemnification for loss or damage ; amends.

Re-par'a-tlve (re-pXr'a-tTv), a. Tending to repair
or to amend defect. — n. That which restores.

Rep'ar-tee7 (rep/ar-te'), n. A smart reply ; a re-
tort.

Re-pass' (re-pas'), v. t. To pass again or a second
time. — v. i. To pass or move back.

Re-past' (re-pasf), n. A taking food ; a meal.

Re-pay' (re-pa'), v. t. [Repaid (-pad') ; Repay-
ing.] To pay back ; to make return for ; to
pay anew, or a second time, as a debt. — Re-
pay'ment, n. A paying back ; sum repaid.

Re-peal' (re-pel'), v. t. [Repealed (-peld') ; Re-
pealing.] To recall (a deed, will, law, or stat-
ute) ; to abrogate ; to abolish ; to revoke ; to
rescind ; to annul ; to cancel ; to reverse. — n.
Revocation ; abrogation. — Re-peal'a-ble, a.

Re-peat' ( re-pet'), v. t. To go over a second time ;
to do, try, make, attempt, or utter again ; to
reiterate ; to recite ; to relate ;' to recapitulate.

— Ji. A repeating ; that which is, or is to be,
repeated. — Re-peat'ed-ly (-ed-ly), adv. Again
and again ; indefinitely. — Re-peat' er, n. One
who, or that which, repeats ; a watch that
strikes the hours ; a firearm that may be dis-
charged many times without reloading ; one who
votes more than once at an election.

He-pel' (re-pgl'), v. I. [Repelled (-peld') ; Re-

pelling.] To drive back ; to resist ; to repulse ;
to reject. — Re-pel'lence (-lens), Re-pel'len-cy

(-len-s^), n. Quality of repelling ; repulsion. --
Re-pel'lent (-lent), a. Driving back. — n. That
which repels or scatters. — Re-pel'ler, n.

Re'pent (re'pent), a. Creeping, as a plant or rep-
tile ; reptant.

Re-pent' (re-penf ), v. t. & i. To regret ; to feel
sorrow (for something done or omitted). — Re-
pent'ance ( - ans ), n. A repenting ; sorrow ;
contrition ; regret ; compunction. — Re-pent'-
ant, a. Inclined to repent ; sorry or showing sor-
row for sin. — n. A penitent. — Re-pent'er, n.

Re'per-CUS'sion (re'per-kfish'un), n. A driving
back ; reverberation ; reflection.

Rep'er-tO-ry ( rep'er-to-ry ), n. A place where
things are arranged so as to be easily found ;
a treasury ; a magazine.

Rep'e-tend' (rep^e-tend'), n. That part of a re-
peating decimal which recurs continually.

Rep'e-ti'tion (rep'e-tTsh'Qn), n. A repeating; re-
cital from memory ; tautology ; iteration. —
Rep'e-ti'tious (-tisb/Hs), a. Repeating.

Re-pine' (re-pin'), v. i. To indulge in envy or
complaint ; to murmur. — Re-pin' er, n.

Re-place7 (re-plas'), v. t. To restore to a former
place, position, condition, etc. ; to repay ; to
supply an equivalent for, or the want of ; to
fulfill the end of. — Re-place'ment (-ment), n.

Re-plen'ish (re-plen'ish), v. t. [Replenished
(-plgn'isht) ; Replenishing.] To fill up again ;
to fill compiet^y. — Re-plen'lsh-ment (-ment),
n. A replenishing ; supply.

Re-plete' (re-plef), a. Filled again ; completely
filled ; full. — Re-ple'tion (-ple'shun), n. Full-
ness; plethora.

Re-pleVin (re-plev'Tn), n. A legal writ by which

foods and chattels are replevied. — Re-plev'y
■y), v. t. [Replevd3d (-id) ; Replevying.] To
get back goods wrongfully detained, upon giv-
ing security ; to bail.

||Rep'li-ca (rep'lT-ka), n. A copy of a painting
or statue, made by the origmal artist.

Rep'll-cant (rgp'li-krtnt), n. One who replies. —
Rep'li-ca'tion (-ka'shun), n. An answer; a
plaintiff's reply to the defendant's plea ; re-
sponse ; rejoinder.

Re-ply' (re-pli'), v. i. & t. [Replied (-plidO ; Re-
plying.] To make a return to ; to answer ; to
respond; to rejoin. — n. Rejoinder; answer.

Re-port' (re-porf), v. t. To bring back (an an-
swer or an account of something) ; to circulate
publicly ; to make minutes of (a speech, or do-
ings of a public body). — v. i. To make a re-
turn or statement ; to be ready to do service. —
n. Thing reported ; account ; story ; rumor ;
loud sound ; account of a law case or of public
events ; detail. — Re-port'er, n. One who re-
ports ; one who records law proceedings, legis-
lative debates, or current events for newspa-
per publication.

Re-pos'al (re-poz'al), n. A reposing or resting.

Re-pose' (re-poz'), v. t. [Reposed (-pozd') ; Re-
posing.] To lay at rest; to cause to be quiet;
to deposit ; to lodge. — v. i. To lie ; to rest ;
to abide. — n. Rest ; ease ; quiet ; peace.

Re-pOS'lt (re-poz'Tt), v. t. [Reposited ; Reposit-
ing.] To lay up, or lodge, for safety. — Re7-
po-si'tion (re'po-zish'un), n. A repositing. —
Re-pos'i-to-iy (re-poz'I-to-ry), n. A place
where things are stored ; a depository.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siug, ink, then, thin.

REPOSSESS

358

REQUIEM

Re'pos-sess' (re'poz-zes' or re'pos-seV), v. t. To
possess again. — Re pos-ses'sion (-zesh'tin or
-sesh'uu), n. A possessing again.

Rep're -nend' (rep're-hend'), v. t. To accuse ; to
chide ; to reprove. — Rep're hen'si-ble (-hen'-
si-b'l), a. Worthy of blame ; culpable. — Rep'-
re-hen'si-ble-ness, n. — Rep're-hen'si-bly,
adv. — Rep/re-hen'sion (-shiin), n. Reproof ;
blame. — RepTe-hen'sive (-slv), Rep'rehen'-
SO-ry (-so-ry), a. Containing reproof.

Rep're-sent' (rgp're-zenf), v. t. To exhibit the
counterpart or image of ; to delineate ; to re-
produce ; to act the part of ; to personate ; to
supply the place of ; to serve as a sign of. —
Rep're-sen-ta'tion (-zen-ta'shiin), n. A repre-
senting ; anything which represents ; a picture,
model, etc. ; a dramatic performance ; descrip-
tion ; body of representatives. — Rep're-sent'-
a-tive (-zent'a-tiv), a. Fitted to represent ;
bearing the character or power of another. — n.
One that represents another ; an agent or sub-
stitute, who supplies the place of another ;
a member of the lower house, in a legislature or
in Congress ; a deputy. — Rep're-sent'er, n.

Re-press' (re-prSs'), v. t. [Reprkssed (-prgsf) ;
Repressing.] To press back or down effectu-
ally, or a second time ; to crush out ; to sub-
due ; to quell ; to check. — Re-preSS'er, n. —
Re-press'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. — Re-pres'slcn
(-prgsh'un), n. A repressing ; check ; restraint.

— Re-press'ive (-Tv), a. Able or tending to
repress. — Re-press'ive-ly, adv.

Re-prieve7 (re-prev'), v. t. [Reprieved (-prevd') ;
Reprieving.] To try over again ; to delay the
punishment of ; to respite. — n. Temporary
suspension of the execution of sentence, esp.
sentence of death ; interval of relief ; respite.

Rep'ri-mand (rer/rT-mand), v. t. To reprove se-
verely ; to chide ; to rebuke. — n. Reproof.

Re-print' (re-print'), v. t. To print again ; to
print a new edition of. — Re'print (re'print),
n. A new impression of any printed work ; the
publication in one country of a work previously
published in another.

Re-pris'al (re-priz'al), n. A retaking ; seizure
by way of retaliation.

Reproach' ( re - proch ' ), v. t. [Reproached
(-pro(.ht') ; Reproaching.] To censure severely
or contemptuously ; to upbraid ; to rebuke ; to
revile ; to vilify. — n. An expression or occa-
sion of blame or censure ; dishonor ; 6candal ;
insolence ; insult ; scorn ; shame ; disgrace ; in-
famy. — Re-proach'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — Re-
proach/fill (-ful), a. Expressing or deserving
reproach ; abusive ; offensive ; scornful ; inso-
lent. — Re-proach'less (-les), a. Without re-
proach ; irreproachable ; blameless.

Rep'ro-bate (rgp'ro-bat), a. Abandoned to vice
or punishment ; morally lost ; depraved ; cor-
rupt ; base ; vile ; castaway. — n. One morally
lost. — Reprobate (-bat), V. t. To condemn ;
to reprehend ; to censure ; to disown. — Rep'ro-
ba'tion (-ba'shOn), n. A reprobating.

Re'pro-duce' (re'pr6-duV), v. t. [Reproduced
(-'lust'); Reproducing.] To produce again ; to
bring to the memory or the imagination ; to re-
new the production of; to generate (offspring).

— Re'pro-duc'tion (-dfik'shiin), n. A repro-
ducing ; thing reproduced. — Re'pro-duc'tive
(-tTv), Re'pro-dUC'to-ry (-to-r^), a. Tending
Or pertaining to reproduction.

Re-proof (re-proof), n. A reproving ; expression
of blame or censure ; chiding ; reprimand ;
blame. — Re-pro V'a-ble ( re -prbov' a-b'l), a.
Worthy of reproof.

Re-prov'al (-al), n. A reproving; anything said
in reproving ; reproof.

Re-prove' (re-probv'), v. I. [Reproved (-prodvd') ;
Reproving.] To chide as blameworthy; to ac-
cuse as guilty ; to rebuke ; to censure.

Rep'tant (rep'tant), a. Creeping ; crawling ; re-
pent.

Rep'tile (rgp'til), a. Creeping ; moving on the
belly, or by small, short legs ; groveling ; vul-
gar. — n. An auimal that crawls or moves on
its belly, as snakes, or by small, short legs, as
lizards ; a groveling or very mean person. —
Rep-til'i-an (-tTl'i-an), a. Belonging to the
reptiles, —n. A reptile.

Re-pub'lic (re-pub'lTk),ra. A state in which sov-
ereign power resides in the whole people, and is
exercised by representatives elected by them ; a
commonwealth. — Re-pub'lic-an (-lT-kan), a.
Pertaining to, or consonant with the principles
of, a republic. — n. One who favors a repub-
lican government ; the American cliff swallow ;
the South African weaver bird. — Re-pub'lic-
an-ism (-Tz'm), n. A republican system of gov-
ernment ; attachment to republican principles.

Re-publi-ca'tion (re-pub'lT-ka'shfin), n. A sec-
ond publication ; a new publication of some-
thing before published ; a reprint.

Re-pub'llsh (re-pub'lish), v. t. To publish anew ;
to publish a work first published in another
country.

Re-pu'dl-ate (re-pu'dT-at), v. t. To cast off and
disavow ; to put away ; to divorce ; to refuse
longer to acknowledge or to pay ; to discard ;
to disclaim. — Re-pu'di-a'tion (-a^shiin), n. A
repudiating. — Re-pu'di-a'tor (-pu'dl-a'tSr), n.

Re-pug'nance (re -pug 'nans), Re-pug'nan-cy
(-nan-sy), n. An opposing, or state of being re-
pugnant ; contrariety ; aversion ; dislike ; antip-
athy ; inconsistency. — Re-pug'nant (re-pug'-
nant), a. Opposite ; contrary ; inconsistent ;
offensive. — Re-pug'nant-ly, adv.

Re-pulse' (re-puds'), v. t. [Repulsed (-pulsf) ;
Repulsing.] To repel ; to beat or drive back. —
n. A driving back ; defeat ; refusal ; denial. —
Re-pul'sion (re-pul'sliQn), n. A repulsing. —
Re-pul'sive (-pul'siv), a. Repelling ; reserved ;
forbidding ; offensive. — Re-pul'sive-ly, adv.
— Re-pul'sive-ness, n.

Re-pur'chase (re-pfir'clms), v. t. To buy again ;
to buy back. — n. A repurchasing.

Rep'U-ta-ble (rep'fi-ta-b'l), a. Worthy of repute
or distinction ; honorable. — Rep'u-ta-bly, adv.

Rep'U-ta'tion (rep'u-ta'shiin), n. General esti-
mation ; public esteem ; credit ; repute ; re-
gard ; fame._

Re-pute' (re-put'), v. t. To account ; to hold ; to
attribute. — n. Character attributed ; esti-
mate; reputation. — Re-put'ed-ly (-ed-ly). adv.
In common opinion or estimation ; by repute.

Re-quest' (ro-kwgsf), n. An asking for anything
desired ; thing asked for ; state of being de-
sired or held in high estimation; petition;
prayer ; entreaty ; suit. — v. t. To ask for ear-
nestly ; to beg ; to solicit ; to beseech.

Re'qui-em (re'kwT-8m), ?i. A hymn or mass
sung for the dead ; a musical composition in
honor of some deceased person.

a, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, u, I, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

REQUIRE

359

RESOURCE

Re-quire' (re-kwir'), v. t. [Required (-kwird') ;
Requiring.] To insist upon having; to claim
as by right ; to make necessary ; to exact ; to
prescribe ; to order ; to demand ; to need. —
Re-quire'ment (-ment), re. A requiring ; de-
mand ; thing required ; an essential condition.

Rei'ui-Site (rek'wl-zit), a. Required by the na-
ture of things, or by circumstances; needful;
indispensable ; essential. — re. Something in-
dispensable. — Reg/ui.-sito-ly, adv. — Req'ui-
site-ness, re. — Req/ui-si'tion (-zlsb/un), re. A
requiring ; demand ; writteu call or invitation ;
a quota of supplies or necessaries.

Re-quifal (re-kwit'al), re. That which requites
or repays ; recompense ; punishment.

Re-quite' (re-kwlf), v. t. To repay ; to reward ;
to satisfy ; to retaliate ; to punish.

Rere'dOS (rer'dos), re. A screen behind an altar
in a church ; the back of a fireplace. [Also
spelled reredosse.]

Re-SCind' (re-sTnd'), v. t. To cut off ; to abro-
gate ; to revoke ; to repeal ; to annul ; to void.
— Re-SCiS'sion (-sTzh'un), re. A rescinding.

Re'SMipt (re'skrTpt), re. An emperor's edict or
decree ; a decision by the pope.

Res'cue (rgs'ku), v. t. [Rescued (-kiid) ; Rescu-
ing.] To free from confinement, danger, or
evil ; to recapture ; to free ; to liberate ; to
save. — re. A deliverance. — Res'CU-er, re.

Re-search' (re-serch'), re. Diligent inquiry ; in-
vestigation ; scrutiny. — v. t. To search dili-
gently ; to search again ; to examine anew.

Re-sem/blance (re-zgm'blflns), re. A resembling ;
likeness ; similarity ; representation ; image. —
Re-sem'ble (re-zgm'b'l), v. t. [Resembled
(-b'ld) ; Resembling.] To be like or similar to ;
to liken ; to compare.

Re-sent' (re-zenf), v. t. To take ill ; to consider
as an injury or affront. — Re-sent'er, re. — Re-
sent'ful (-ful), n. Inclined to resent ; easily
provoked. — Re-sent'ful-ly, adv. — Re-sent'-
ment, re. Act of resenting ; irritation.

Res'er-va'tion (rgz'er-va'shun), re. A reserving,
or keeping back ; thing withheld ; tract of land
reserved for some special use ; a proviso.

Re-serve7 (re-zerv'), v. t. [Reserved (-zervd') ; [
Reserving.] To keep in store for future use ;
to withhold from present use for another pur-
pose ; to retain ; to withhold. — n. A reserving
or keeping back ; thing withheld ; reticence ;
coldness ; shyness ; tract of land reserved for
a particular purpose ; body of troops kept for
an exigency. — Re-served' (-zervd'), a. Kept
for future or special use ; restrained from free-
dom ; not frank ; cold ; shv. — Re-serv'ed-ly
(-zerv'Sd-150, adv. — Re-serv'ed-ness, re.

Res'er-VOir' (rgz'er-vwoV), re. A place where
water is collected for use ; a cistern ; a basin.

Re-set' (re-sSf), v. t. [Reset : Resetting.] To
set (plants, type, etc.) over again; to furnish
with a new setting or adornment.

Re-Side' (re-zid'), v. i. To dwell permanently ; to
have a seat or fixed position ; to remain ; to
live. — Res'i-dence (rgz'T-dens), re. A resid-
ing ; place where one resides ; sojourn ; stay ;
abode; home; dwelling. —Res'i-dent (-dent),
a. Dwelling in a place for a length of time ;
fixed ; residing. — re. One who resides in a
place for some time; a public minister who re-
sides at a foreign court. — Res i-den'tia-ry
(-den'sha-r^), a. Having residence.

Re-sid'U-al (re-zTd'ii-fll), a. Remaining after a
part is taken. — Re-sid'U-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Per-
taining to the residue, or part remaining. —
Residuary legatee. One to whom the residue
of personal estate is bequeathed.

Res'i-due (rez'i-du), re. That which remains
alter a part is taken ; remainder of a debt or
account ; remnant ; balance. — Re - Sid ' U - 11m
(re-ztd/ii-um), re. That which is left after sepa-
ration or purification ; residue.

Re-Sign' (re-zin'), v. t. [Resigned (-zind') ; Re-
signing.] To return by a formal act; to yield
to another ; to give up ; to withdraw (a claim).

— Re-Sign'er, re. — Re-Signed' (-zind'), a. Sub-
missive ; yielding. — Res'Tg-na'tlon (reVTg-ua'-
shun), n. A resigning or giving up ; surrender ;
forsaking ; abandonment ; submission ; acqui-
escence ; endurance ; patience.

Re-sii'i-ence (re-zii'T-ens), Re-sil'i-en-cy (-en-sy),
re. A springing back ; a recoil. — Re-sil'i-ent
(-ent), a. Inclined to spring back ; rebounding.

Res'in (rez'in), re. A solid, inflammable sub-
stance, exuded from trees, a nonconductor of
electricity, and insoluble in water, but soluble
in alcohol and in essential ods. — Res'in-OUS
(-us), a. Resembling or obtained from resin.

Re-Sist' (re-zlsf), v. t. To stand against ; to act
in opposition to ; to withstand ; to hinder ; to
disappoint. — Re-sist'ance (-ans), re. A resist-
ing ; opposition ; check. — Re-Sist'i-Dle (-i-b'l),
a. Capable of resisting or being resisted. — Re-
sist'i-ble-ness, Re-sist'i-bil'i-ty (-T-bTlT-ty),
re. — Re-sist'i-bly, adv. — Re-sist'less (-les), a.
Incapable of being resisted ; irresistible.

Res'O-lU-bie (rgz'o-lu-b'l), a. Admitting of be-
ing resolved or melted.

Res'O-lute (rez'o-lut), a. Having a decided pur-
pose ; constant ; fixed ; steadfast ; steady ; firm.

— Res'o-lute-ly, adv. — Res'o-lute-ness, n.
Res'O-lu'tion (rez'6-lu'shun), re. A resolving; a

separating, analyzing, or solving ; thing resolved
or determined ; solution ; analysis ; separation ;
resoluteness ; firmness ; constancy ; fortitude.

Re-SOlV'a-ble (re-zolv'a-b'l), a. Capable of being
resolved.

Re-SOlve' (re-z51v'), v. t. [Resolved (-zolvd');
Resolving.] To separate the component parts
of ; to melt ; to dissolve and reduce to a differ-
ent form ; to make clear or certain ; to free
from doubt ; to form or constitute by resolu-
tion, vote, or determination ; to explain ; to dis-
entangle. — v. i. To be separated into compo-
nent parts or distinct principles ; to dissolve ;
to form a resolution or purpose, —re. A resolv-
ing or making clear ; tiling resolved on or de-
termined ; decisive conclusion ; legislative art
or declaration. — Re-SOlv'ed-ness (-ed-n6s), n.
Fixedness of purpose ; firmness. — Re-solv'ent
(-ent), a. Able to resolve, or to cause solu-
tion ; solvent. — n. That which has power to
cause solution, to disperse inflammation, etc.

Res'O-nance (rgz'o-nans), n. State of being res-
onant; a resounding. — Res'o-nant (-nant), a.
Able to return sound ; echoing back.

Re-sort' (re-z6rt'), v. i. To go; to repair; to
have recourse. — n. A going to, or making ap-
plication ; a place of habitual meeting; a haunt.

Re-sound' (re-zound'), v. t. & i. To echo ; to cel-
ebrate. — 71. Echo.

Re-SOurce' (re-sors'), re. Means of supply or sup-
port ; contrivance ; device ; pi. funds ; money.

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, i||k, then, thin.

RESPECT

360

RETCH

Re-spect' (re-spgkf), v. t. To look upon with spe-
cial attention ; to regard as worthy of particu-
lar notice ; to esteem ; to concern ; to relate to.
—71. A respecting, or holding in estimation;
attention ; estimation ; relation. — Re-spect'a-
ble (-a-b'l), a. Worthy of respect ; deserving
regard; moderate in degree of excellence or
in number. — Re-spect'a-ble-ness, Re-spect/a-
bil'i-ty (re-spekt/a-bil'i-ty), n. — Re-spect'a-
bly (-a-bly), adv. — Re-spect'er, n. — Re-
spectful (,-ful), a. Marked or characterized by
respect. — Re-spect'ful-ly, adv. — Re-specf-
f Ul-ness, n. — Re-spect'ing, prep. Haviug re-
gard or relation to ; concerning. — Re-spect'ive
(-iv), a. Noticing with attention; careful;
having reference to ; particular ; own. — Re-
spect'ive-ly, adv.

Re-spell' (re-spel'), v. t. To spell again.

Re-spir'a-ble (re-spir'a-b'l or res'pi-raPb'l), a.
Capable of being breathed ; fit for respiration.

— Re-spir'a-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Serving for respi-
ration ; pertaining to respiration. — Res'pi-
ra'tion (res/pf-ra'shun), n. A breathing, or
drawing breath. — Res'pi-ra'tor (res'pi-ra'ter),
n. A cover for the mouth through which to
breathe without injury. — Re-spire' (re-spir'),
v. i. [Respired (-splrd') ; Respiring.] To
breathe.

Res'pite (reVpit), n. A postponement or delay ;
intermission of labor, or of any process or op-
eration ; interval ; stop ; stay ; reprieve. — v. t.
[Respited ; Respiting.] To give a respite to.

Re-splen'dent (re-splgn'dent), a. Shining bril-
liantly ; very bright. — Re-splen'dent-ly, adv.

— Re-splen'dence (-dens), Re-splen/den-cy
(-den-s^), n.

Re-spond' (re-spond'), v. i. To answer ; to re-
ply ; to correspond ; to suit ; to rejoin. — Re-
spondent (-ent), a. Answering. — n. One
who responds ; one who rejoins in certain legal
proceedings ; a defendant. — Re-sponse', n. A
responding ; an answer or reply. — Re-spon'si-
ble (-spon'si-b'l), a. Liable or able to respond ;
accountable ; answerable. — Re-spon'si-ble-

ness, Re-spon'si-bil'i-ty (-bTi'T-ty), n. — Re-
spon'si-bly, adv. — Re-spon'sive (-sTv), a.
Able or ready to respond ; correspondent. —
Re-spon'SO-ry }-so-ry), a. Containing or mak-
ing answer.
Rest (rSst), n. A state of quiet or repose ; a ces-
sation ; a stop ; a pause ; ease ; that on which
anything rests ; support ; in music, a pause dur-
ing which sound ceases ; the mark of such in-

-£-*—*

-3-t-n

•a-

Rests (j»/hs.).

termission. —v. i. To cease from action ; to be
quiet ; to repose ; to trust ; to rely. — v. t. To
put at rest ; to quiet ; to support.

Rest (rgst), n. That which is left after separa-
tion of a part ; remainder ; remnant ; others. —
v. ?. To be loft ; to remain ; to continue.

Res'tau-rant (ros'to-iv/nt), n. An eating house.
— HRe'stau/ra'teur' ( ra'sto'ra'ter' ), n. The

keeper of a restaurant.
Res'ti-tu'tlon (r&j/tl-tu'shun), n. A restoring;
return ; compensation ; amends.

Rest'ive (rgst'Tv), a. Unwilling to go; stub-
born ; refractory ; restless ; fidgety. — Rest'-
ive-ly, adv. — Rest'ive-ness, n.
Rest' less (rest'lgs), a. Never resting ; unquiet
discontented ; unsettled ; wandering. — Rest'
less-ly, adv. — Rest'less-ness, n.
Re-stor'a-ble (re-stor'a-b'l), a. Admitting of be-
ing restored.
Res'tO-ra'tion (rgs/to-ra'shiin), n. A restoring or

state of being restored.
Re-St0Z'a-tive (re-stor'a-tiv), a. Pertaining to
restoration ; able to restore. — n. Medicine
for restoring strength and vigor.
Re-Store' (re-stor'), v. t. [Restored (-stord') ;
Restoring.] To bring back ; to return ; to re-
new ; to heal ; to cure. — Re-Stor'er, n.
Re-Strain' (re-stran'), v. t. [Restrained
(-strand'); Restraining.] To hold back; to
hinder ; to withhold ; to restrict ; to limit ; to
confine. — Re-strain'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — Re-
Strain'er, n. — Re-Straint' (-stranf), n. A re-
straining ; hindrance ; check ; restriction.
Re-Strict' (re-strTkf), v. t. To restrain within
bounds; to confine. — Re-Stric'tion (-strik'-
shQn), n. A restricting ; confinement. — Re-
strictive (re-strTkt'Iv), a. Having power or
tendency to restrict. — Re-Strict'ive-ly, adv.
Re-SUlt' (re-zulf), v. t. To proceed as a conse-
quence; to arise ; to ensue. — n. The conclu-
sion to which anything leads ; effect ; conse-
quence; issue; event. — Re-SUlt'ant (-ant), a.
Resulting or issuing from a combination. — n.
A force or motion resulting from the joint
action of two or more other forces.
||Re/SU/me'' (ra'zu'ma'), n. A summing up ; a re-
capitulation ; a summary.
Re-sume' (re-zum'), v. t. [Resumed (-zumd') ;
Resuming.] To take back ; to enter upon or
begin again. — Re-SUmp'tion (-zump'shuu), n.
A resuming. — Re-SUmp'tive (-tiv), a. Taking
back or again.
Res'UT-rec'tion (rgz'ur-rek'shun), n. A rising

again ; the rising again from the dead.
Re-SUS'ci-tate (re-sus'si-tat), v. t. & i. To re-
vive. — Re-SUS'ci-ta'tion (-ta'shun), n. A re-
viving from a state of apparent death.
Re-tail' (re-tal'), v. t. [Retailed (-tald') ; Re-
tailing.] To sell in small parcels or at second
hand. — Re'tail (re'tal), n. Sale in small quan-
tities or at second hand. — a. Done at retail ;
engaged in retailing goods. — Re-tail'er, n.
Re-tain' (re-tan'), v. t. [Retained (-tand') ; Re-
taining.] To keep in possession ; to keep in
pay; to hold. — Re-tain'er, n. One who re-
tains or is retained ; an adherent ; a fee paid to
engage a lawyer.
Re-take' (re-tak'), v. t. [imp. Retook (-td6k') ;
p. p. Retaken (-tak"n) ; p. pr. & rb. n. Retak-
ing.] To take again ; to recapture.
Re-tal'i-ate (re-tal'T-at), v. t. & i. To return the
like for ; to repay in kind ; to return evil for
evil. — Re-tal'i-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A retalia-
ting ; reprisal ; punishment. — Re-tal'i-a-tiv©
(-tSl'T-a-ttv), Re-tal'i-a-to-ry ( -to-ry), a. Tend-
ing to, or involving, retaliation.
Re-tard' (re-tiird'), v. t. To delay ; to hinder ; to
put off; to defer. — Re'tar-da'tion (re'tar-da'-
shiin), n. A retarding ; hindrance ; obstacle ;

obstruction. — Re-tard'er, n.
Retch (rgch or rech), v. i. [Retched (rgcht or
recht) ; Retching.] To attempt to vomit.

S, e, I, o, u, long , &, e, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; sen&te, 3 vent, idea, 6bey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

RETENTION

Reticulate Leaf.

Rd-ten'tion (re-ten'shun), n. A retaining or keep-
ing ; custody. — Re-ten'tive (-tiv), a. Having
power to retain.

Ret'i-cence (rSt'I-sens), n. State of being reti-
cent ; continued silence. — Ret'i-cent (-sent),
a. Inclined to keep silent ; reserved ; taciturn.

Ret'i-Cle (ret'T-k'l), n. A small net or bag. —
Refi-fonn (-i6rm), Re-tiC'U-lar (re-tik'u-ler),

Re-tic'u-late (-lit), Re-tic'u-la'ted (-la'ted), a.
Resembling network ; net-
ted. — Re-tic'u-la'tion (-15'-
shun), n. State of being re-
ticulated ; network. — Ret'i-
CUle (reVY-kffl), n. A little
bag of network ; a workbag.

Ret'i-na (ret'T-na), n. The in-
nermost coat of the eye, in
which the optic nerve termi-
nates, and which receives
impressionr causing vision.

Ret'i-nue (rgt'T-nii), n. A body of retainers or
attendants ; a suite.

Re-tire' (re-tir'), v. i. & t. [Retihed (-tird') ;
Retiring. ] To draw back or away ; to with-
draw ; to fall back. — Re-tire'ment (-ment), n.
A retiring or withdrawing ; place to which any
one retires ; private abode ; retreat ; seclusion ;
privacy. — Re-tir'ing, a. Reserved ; shy ; per-
taining to, or causing, retirement.

Re-tort' (re-t6rt'), v. t. To bend or curve back ;
to throw back ; to return (an argument, accu-
sation, or insult). — v. i. To return an argu-
ment or charge. — n. The return of an argu-
ment, etc. ; a quick and witty response ; a
chemist's vessel in which
substances are su
distillation or decomposition
by heat.

Re-tOUCh' (re-tuch')
improve by new touches ; to
revise. xwtorr.

Re-trace' (re-tras'), v. t. To track or trace back ;
to reverse.

Re-tracf (re-traktO, v. t. To draw back, as
claws ; to recall (a declaration or saying) ; to
withdraw; to unsay; to abjure ; to disown.—
v. i. To take back what has been said. — Re-
tract'i-ble C-T-b'i), Re-tract'ile (-11), a. Capa-
ble of being drawn back. — Re-tract'ive (-Tv),
a. Able or ready to retract; retractile. — n.
That which withdraws or takes from. — Re-
trac'tion ( re-tr£k'shun ), n. A retracting or
drawing back ; a withdrawing something ad-
vanced or done ; recantation.

Re-treat' (re-tret'), n. A retiring or withdrawing
one's self, esp. from what is dangerous or disa-
greeable ; place to which one retires ; depar-
ture ; seclusion ; privacy ; asylum ; refuge. —
v. i. To withdraw ; to retire.

Re-trench' ( re - trench' ), v. t. [Retrenched
(-trgnchf) ; Retrenching.] To cut off ; to
lessen; to curtail (expenses, etc.). — v. i. To
live at less expense. — Re-trench'ment (-ment),
n. A retrenching ; removal of what is super-
fluous ; a lessening or abridging.

Ret/ri-bu'tion (rSf rf-bu'shttn), n. A repaying ;
return suitable to the merits or deserts of ;
punishment ; requital ; retaliation. — Re-trib'U-
tlve (re-trTb'u-tTv), Re-trib'u-to-ry (-to-rj,), a.
Involving or pertaining to retribution.

Re-triev'a-ble (re-trev'a-b'l), a. Capable of be-

361 REVELRY

ing retrieved. —Re- triev'al (-al), n. A re-
trieving. — R e - 1 r i e v e ', v. t. [Retrieved
(-trevd') ; Retreeving.] To find again ; to
remedy evil consequences of ; to recover ; to
repair ; to restore. — Re-triev'er, n. One who
retrieves ; a dog trained to retrieve, or to find
and recover, birds killed or wounded.

iick ana wuty response ; a

in which •— «ij

lbjected to S} >T

composition y^f \

), v. t. To <^ ^p

Retriever.

Re'tTO-acf (re'tro-Skf or ret'ro-), v. i. To act
backward, in return or in opposition. — Re'tTO-
ac'tion (-Sk'shiin), n. Action returned or back-
ward ; operation on something past or preced-
ing. — Re/tTO-act'ive (-ak'tiv), a. Fitted or
designed to retroact ; affecting what is past ; re-
trospective.

Re'tro-cede (re'tro-sed or ret'ro-), v. t. To cede
or grant back. — Re'tTO-ces'sion (-sesh'iin), n.
A retroceding ; a being ceded or granted back.

Re'tro-grade (re'tro-grad or ret'ro-), a. Tending
or serving to move backward ; contrary ; de-
clining from a better to a worse state. — Re'-
tTO-gres'sion (-gresh'un), n. A going back-
ward. — Re'tTO-gres'sive (-grgs'slv), a. Going:
backward.

Retro-spect (re'tro-spSkt or rSt'ro-), v. i. To-
look back ; to affect what is past. — n. View
of something past ; review ; reexamination. —
Re'tro-spec'tlon (-spgk'shun), n. A looking
back on things past. — Re'tro-spec'tive (-tiv),
a. Looking back ; referring to what is past.

Re'tro-vert (re'tro-vert or rSt'ro-), v. t. To turn
back.

Re-turn' (re-tGrn'), v. i. [Returned (-tGrnd') ;
Returning.] To go or come again to the same
place or condition ; to answer ; to reply. — v. t.
To bring, carry, or send back ; to repay. — n.
A returning, coming back, or sending back, to
the same place or condition ; thing returned ; a
payment ; an answer ; a report ; profit on labor,
an investment, etc. — Re-turn'a-ble (-a-b'l), a.

Re-un'ion (re-un'yun), n. A second union ; union
after separation or discord : assembly of famil-
iar friends. — Re/U-nite' (re'u-nif), v. t. & i.
To unite again ; to join after separation.

Re-veal' (re-vel'), v. t. [Revealed (-veld') ; Re-
vealing.] To make known after having been
conoenled ; to disclose ; to impart ; to show.

Re-veil'le (rS-val'yfi ; in U. S. service commonly
rev'a-le'), n. Morning summons by drum beat
or trumpet call.

Rev'el (reVel), n. A noisy feast; carousal.— •
V. /. [Reveled (-eld) or Revelled; Revel-
ing or Revelling.] To feast riotously ; to ca-
rouse. — Rev'el-er, Rev'el-ler, n. — Rev'el-ry
(-ry), n. Revel ; festivity.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fobt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

REVELATION

362

RHAPSODIST

ReVe-la'tion (rgv'e-la'shun), n. A revealing, or
disclosing what was before unknown ; thing re-
vealed ; the last book of the New Testament ;
the Apocalypse.

Re-venge7 (re-vgnj'), v. t. [Revenged (-vgnjd') ;
Revenging.] To inflict punishment in vindica-
tion of ; to inflict injury for, in a malignant
spirit ; to avenge ; to vindicate. — n. A re-
venging ; disposition to revenge. — Re-venge'-
lul, a. Vindictive ; resentful ; malicious. —
Re-venge'f ul-ly, adv. — Re-venge'f ul-ness, n.

Rev'e-nue (rgv'e-nu), n. Return from an in-
vestment ; income ; produce of taxes, duties,
etc., which a nation collects for public use.

Re-ver'ber-ant (re-ver'ber-ant), a. Resounding.
— Re-ver'ber-ate (-at), v. t. To return or send
back (sound) ; to echo ; to reflect (light or heat) ;
to repel from side to side. — v. i. To resound;
to be repelled ; to echo. — Re-ver'ber-ation
(-a' shun), n. A reverberating or reechoing. —
Re-yerO)er-a-tO-ry (-ver'ber-a-to-ry), a. Pro-
ducing or acting by reverberation.

Re-vere' (re-ver'), v. t. [Revered (-verd') ; Re-
vering.] To regard with fear mingled with re-
spect and affection ; to venerate ; to adore ; to
reverence. — Rev'er-enoe (rgv'er-ens), n. Awe ;
veneration ; a low bow. — v. I. [Reverenced
(rgv'er-enst) ; Reverencing.] To regard with
reverence. — ReVer-end (-end), a. Worthy of
reverence ; — a title given to the clergy. —
Rev'er-ent (-ent), a. Expressing reverence ;
humble. — Rev'er-ent-ly, adv. — Rev'er-en'tial
(-gn'shal), a. Proceeding from, or expressing,
reverence. — Rev'er-en'tial-ly, adv.

ReVer-ie (rgv'er-y or rgv'er-e'), ReVer-y (rgv'-
er-^), n. Irregular train of thoughts, occurring
in meditation ; a daydream ; musing.

Re-ver'sal (re-ver's<zl), n. A change or over-
throwing. — Re-verse7 (-vers'), v. t. [Reversed
(-versf); Reversing.] To turn back; to
Change totally or from one position to the oppo-
site ; to overthrow; to subvert. — n. Opposite
side ; complete change ; misfortune. — a.
Turned backward ; contrary. — Re-verse'ly,
■adv. — Re-vers'l-ble (-vers'T-b'l), a. Capable
of being reversed.

Re-ver'sion (re"-ver'shun), n. The returning of
an estate to the grantor or his heirs ; a right to
future possession ; succession. — Re-ver'sion-
a-ry (-a-rjf), a. Pertaining to, or involving, a
reversion. — Re-ver'sion-er, n. One who has
a reversion.

Re-vert' (re-vert/), v. t. To turn back ; to re-
verse ; to reverberate. — v. i. To return. —
Re-vert'i-ble (-T-b'l), a. Capable of being re-
verted. — Re-vert'ive (-1 v), a. Reversing.

Rev'er-y, n. See Reverie.

Re-vest' (re-vgsf), v. I. To clothe again ; to
vest again with possession or office, —v. i. To
return to a former owner.

Re-view' (re-vfi'), v. t. [Reviewed (-vud') ; Re-
viewing.] To examine critically. — n. A sec-
ond or repeated view ; a critical examination ;
criticism ; an inspection of troops ; a period-
ical pamphlet containing examinations of new
publications. —Re- Vie W'er, v. One who re-
views; one who publishes criticisms on new
publications, etc.

Re-vile' (re-vil'), v. t. [Reviled (-vihl') ; Revil-
ing.] To assail with opprobrious language ; to
vilify ; to calumniate. — Re-vll'er, n.

Re-Vis'al (re-viz'al), n. A revising ; revision,

Re-vise' (re-viz'), v. 1. [Revised (-vizd'> , Re-
vising.] To reexamine; to look over .or cor-
rection ; to review, alter, and amend — n. A
second proof sheet ; a proof taken after correc-
tion. — Re-vis'er, «.— Re-vi'siou (-vlzh'un)
n. A revising ; reexamination ; review.

Re-Viv'al (re-viv'al), n. A reviving ; return to
life ; a religious awakening — Re-viv'al-ist, n.
One who promotes religious revivals.

Re-vive' (re-viv'), v. i. [Revived (-vivd') ; Re-
viving.] To return to fife ; to recover from a
state of depression. — v. t. To bring again to
life ; to reanimate ; to awaken. — Re-viv'er, n.

Re-ViVi-fi-ca'tion (re-vYv/I-f i-ka'shun), n. Re-
newal of life ; resuscitation.

Re-viv'i-fy (re-viv'T-fi), v. t. [Revivified (-fid) ;
Revivifying.] To revive.

Rev'O-Ca-ble (rgv'o-ka-b'l), a. Capable of being
recalled or revoked. — Rev'O-ca-ble-ness, ReV-
o-ca-bil'i-ty (-btl'T-ty), n.

Rev'O-ca'tion (rgv'6-ka'shun), n. A revoking, or
calling back ; recall ; reversal.

Re-VOke' (re-vok'), v. t. [Revoked (re-vokt') ;
Revoking.] To annul by recalling or taking
back ; to abolish ; to repeal ; to countermand ;
to abrogate ; to cancel ; to reverse. — v. i. To
fail to follow suit (in card playing) ; to renounce.
— ».. A revoking, or neglecting to follow suit.

Re-VOlt' (re-volf or re-volt'), v. i. To turn away ;
to renounce allegiance or subjection ; to be
grossly offended or shocked, —v. t. To do vio-
lence to; to shock. — n. A revolting; a re-
nunciation of allegiance to one's government ;
sedition ; rebellion ; mutiny. — Re-volt'er, n.

Rev'O-lU'tion (rgv'6-lu'shun), n. Motion round
an axis or center ; rotation ; a total or radical
change, esp. in a government. — Rev'O-lu'tion-
a-ry (-a-ry ), a. Tending or pertaining to a revo-
lution in government. — Rev'O-lU'tion-lst (-Tst),
n. One who favors revolution. — ReVO-lu'-
tlon-ize (-Iz), v. t. [Revolutionized (-izd) ;
Revolutionizing.] To change completely.

Re-volve' (re-volv'), v. i. [Revolved (-vglvd') ;
Revolving.] To turn or move round, —v. t.
To cause to turn ; to turn over and over ; to re-
flect repeatedly upon. — Re-VOlVer, n. One
that revolves ; a fire-
arm with several
barrels revolving on
an axis and dis-
charged in succes-
sion by the same^
lock.

Re-vul'sion (re-vSl'-'

sliQn), n. A hold- Revolver,

ing or drawing back;

sudden reaction ; repugnance; hostility. — Re-
VUl'sive (-slv), a. Tending to revulsion ; re-
pugnant.

Re-ward' (re-ward'), v. t. To give in return ; to
repay; to recompense, —n. Anything given
in return for good or evil received ; a token of
regard ; compensation ; remuneration ; pay. —
Re-ward'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. — Re-ward'er, n.

Rey'nard (rS'nerd or rgn'erd), n. A fox ; ren-
ard.

Rhap-sod'Ic (rSp-sgd'Tk), Rhap-sod'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, rhap-
sody. — Rhap'SO-dlst (rSp'so--dTst), n. One
who writes or speaks rhapsody.

?on. — Re-VOlVer, n. One

a, e, 1, 5, li, long ; a, 8, I, 6, ii, y, short ; Benate, Svent, tdea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

RHAPSODY

363

RIDDLE

Rhea.

Rhap'S0-dy (r5p's6-dy), n. A wild, rambling
composition or discourse.

Rne'a (re'a), n. Ramie ; the grass-cloth plant.

Rhe'a (re'a), n. The South American ostrich.

Rhen/ish (ren'ish), a.
Pertaining to the river
Rhine. — n. Wine from
vineyard son the Rhine.

Rhe-om'e-ter (re-om'e-
ter), ». An instrument
to measure currents,
esp. the force of elec-
trical currents, or the
velocity of the blood
current in the arteries.
— Rhe'o-scope (-skop),
n. An instrument to
show the movement of
currents. — Rhe'o-Stat
(-stat), n. A contri-
vance to regulate the
strength of electrical currents. — Rhe'O-tome
(-torn), n. An instrument to interrupt an elec-
trical current.

Rhet'O-ric (ret'6-rlk), n. Art of elegant compo-
sition, esp. in prose ; oratory ; artificial elo-
quence, as opposed to real; power of persuasion.
— Rhe-tor'ic-al (re-toVi-kal), a. Pertaining to,
or involving, rhetoric ; oratorical. — Rhe-tor'-
ic-al-ly, adv. — Rhet'o-ri'cian (ret'6-rlsh'«n),
n. One versed in rhetoric ; an artificial orator ;
a declaimer.

Rheum (rum), n. A serous or mucous discharge,
esp. from the eye3 or nose.

Rheu-mat'ic (ru-inat'Tk), a. Pertaining to rheu-
matism. — n. One afflicted with rheumatism.

Rheu'ma-tism (ru/ma-tTz'ni), n. A painful in-
flammation of the joints, muscles, or inner
organs.

Rheum'y (rum'y), a. Pertaining to, or abound-
ing in, rheum.

Rhi'no (ri'no), n. Slang name for money.

Rii-aoc'e-ros (ri-noVe-r5s), n. An African
quadruped akin to the elephant, hippopotamus,
etc., and having a horn (sometimes two) upon
the nose.

km i

*

Rhinoceros.

RhCdo-den'dron (ro'dft-dgu'drbn), n. A small
tree having evergreen leaves, and rose-colored
or purple flowers. r- ; — ■,

Rhomb (romb or rom), n. A geo- / \ \ /

metrical figure of four equal / \ \ J
sides but unequal angles. — / \ ; /

Rhom'biC (r5m'bTk), a. Having
the figure of a rhomb. — Rhom'-
bold (rSm'boid), n. An oblique-

\]

Rhomb.

angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having
only the opposite sides equal,
. the length and width being dif-
ferent. — Rhom'boid, Rhom-
boid'al (-boid'al), a. Having
the shape of a rhomboid. — Rhomboid.
Rhom/bus (-bus), n. A rhomb.

Rhu/barb (rn/barb), n. A plant of several spe-
cies, some bearing fleshy stalks used in cookery,
while the roots of others furnish a cathartic
medicine.

Rhyme (rim), a. [The Old English spelling rimt
is becoming again common.] Poetry ; corre-
spondence of sound in the terminating syllables
of verses ; verses, usually two, having such cor-
respondences ; a couplet ; a word answering in
sound to another word. — v. i. [Rhymed ;
Rhyming.] To make verses ; to accord in sound.
— v. t. To put into rhyme. — Rhym'er (riin'-
er), n. One who makes rhymes. — Rhyme'ster
(-ster), n. A minor poet.

Rhythm (rTth'm or rlth'm), n. Regular succes-
sion of monotonous sounds, as in poetry, music,
etc. — Rhyth'mic (-mlk), Rhyth'mic-al (-ml-
kal), a. Pertaining to rhythm.

Rib (rib), n. One of the long bones inclosing the
thoracic cavity ; a curved timber in the side of
a ship or in a vault ; a nerve or vein of a leaf ; a
line like a rib in cloth, —v. t. [Ribbed (rtbd) ;
Ribbing.] To furnish or inclose with ribs.

RiVald (rit/ald), n. A low, brutal, foul-mouthed
wretch ; a lewd fellow. — a. Low ; mean ; ob-
scene. — RiVald-ry (-ry), n. The talk of a
ribald ; obscenity.

Rib'bon (rTb'biin), n. A fillet of silk ; pi. reins
for a horse \_Colloq.~\. —v. t. [Ribboned (-bund);
Ribboning.] To adorn with ribbons ; to mark
with stripes resembling ribbons.

Rice (ris), n. A cereal grass growing in warm
climates, and its edible seed. —
Rice paper. A thin, delicate
paper, brought from China, and
used for painting upon, and for
manufacture of fancy articles.

Rich (rich), a. Abounding in pos-
sessions ; well supplied ; wealthy ;
productive ; fertile ; copious ; viv-
id ; bright. — Rich'es (-Sz), n. pi.
Wealth ; opulence ; plenty ; abun-
dance. — Richly, adv. — Rich'-
ness, n.

Rick (r!k), n. A covered heap of
grain or hay in the open air.

Rick'ets (rTk'gts), n. pi. A disease of children ;
rachitis. — Rick'et-y (-St-y), a. Affected with
rickets ; feeble in the joints ; weak ; shaky.

Rick'rack' (rTk'rXk'), n. Openwork edging made
of serpentine braid.

Ric'O-chet' (rlk'o-sha' or rik'6-shSt'), n. The
firing of guns, so as to cause the balls to re-
bound from point to point. — (rik'o-shef ), v. i.
[Ricochetted ; Ricochetting. ] To skip with
a ricochet movement.

Rid (rid), v. t. [Rid or Ridded ; Ridding.] To
free ; to deliver ; to disencumber. — Rid'dance
(rTd'dflns), n. A ridding or freeing ; escape.

Rld'den (rTd'd'n), p. p. of Ride.

Rld'dle (rld'd'l), n. A coarse sieve.— v. t.
[Riddled ( -d'ld ) ; Riddling.] To separate
(grain from chaff) with a riddle ; to perforate
with many shot.

Rice.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, f«Tot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

RIDDLE

364

RINGLET

Rld'dle (rid'd'l), n. Something to be solved by
conjecture ; an enigma ; anything puzzling. —
v. t. To solve ; to unriddle. — Rid'dler, n.

Ride (rid), v . i. [imp. Rode (rod) or Kid (rid) ;
p. p. Rid or Ridden (rid'd'n) ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Riding.] To be carried on horseback or in a
vehicle ; to rest on something. — v. t. To sit
on, so as to be carried. — n. An excursion on
horseback or in a vehicle. — Rid'er, n. One
who rides ; an addition to a document ; an ad-
ditional clause affixed to a legislative bill.

Ridge (rij), n. The top of the back ; upper part
of an elevation, as of a mountain, house, roof,
etc. — v. t. [Ridged ; Ridging.] To form a
ridge of; to wrinkle. — Ridge'pole' (rij'poF),
n. The timber forming the ridge, or upper
angle, of a roof. — Ridg'y (rij'y), a. Having
or rising in a ridge^

Rid'i-CUle (rid'I-kul), n. Laughter, mingled
with contempt ; derision ; banter ; mockery ;
irony ; jeer ; sneer, — v. t. [Ridiculed (-kuld) ;
Ridiculing.] To deride ; to rally ; to mock.

— Rid'i^cul'er ( -kul'er ), n. — Ri-dic'u-lous
(ri-dik'u-lus), a. Fitted to excite ridicule ;
ludicrous ; droll ; absurd ; preposterous. — Ri-
dic'u-lous-ly, adv. — Ri-dic'u-lous-ness, n.

Rife (rif), a. Prevailing; abounding. — Rife'ly,
adv. — Rife'ness, n.

Riffraff' (rif'rftf), n. Sweepings; refuse; the
lowest order of society.

Ri'fle (ri'f'l), v. t. [Rifled (rl'f 'Id) ; Rifling
(-fling).] To seize and bear away by force ; to
rob ; to pillage ; to plunder. — Ri'fler, n.

Ri'fle (ri'f'l), n. A gun, whose barrel is grooved
within with spiral channels, which impart to
the ball a rotary motion, and great precision ; a
whetstone for a scythe. — v. t. To groove ; to
channel internally with spiral channels; to
sharpen (a scythe) with a rifle. — Ri'fle-man
(-man), n. One armed with a rifle.

Rift (rift), n. A cleft ; a fissure. — v. t. & i.
To cleave ; to split.

Rig (rig), v. t. [Rigged (rigd) ; Rigging (rig'-
ging).] To dress ; to clothe ; to furnish with
apparatus or gear. — n. Dress; odd clothing;
manner of fitting masts and rigging to a vessel;
trick ; frolic. — Rig'ger, n. — Rig'ging, n.
Dress; tackle; the ropes which support the
masts, extend the sails, etc., of a ship.

Rigs'dag (rTgz'dag), n. Legislature of Denmark.

Right (rit), a. Straight ; direct ; upright ; erect ;
just ; true ; real ; belonging to the (usually
stronger) side of the body opposed to the left.

— adv. In a right manner; in a right or
straight line ; directly ; justly ; truly ; in a
great degree ; very. — n. That which is right
or correct ; justice ; that to which one has just
claim ; legal power ; the outward or finished
surface ; side opposed to the left. — v. t. To
make right or straight; to set upright; to do
justice to. — v. i. To become upright. —
Right'er, n. — Right'ly, adv. — Right'ness, n.

Right'-an'gled (rit'aVgl'd), a. Containing a
right angle, or the angle formed by one line
meeting another perpendicularly.

Right'eous (ri'chiis), a. According with, or per-
forming, that which is right ; upright ; just ;
holy ; virtuous ; honest. — Right'eOUS-ly, adv.

— Right'eous-ness, n.

Rlght'iul (rit'ful), a. Having a rip;ht ; just;
lawful; true; proper. — Right'f ul-ly, adv.

Right'-hand'ed (rit'hand-'ed), a. Using the
right hand habitually or more easily than the
left ; moving in the direction of the hands of a
watch.

Right'ly, Right'ness. See under Right, a.

Rig'id (rij'id), a. Difficult to bend ; inflexible ;
unyielding ; strict ; stern. — Rig'id-ly, adv. —
Rig'id-ness, Ri-gid'i-ty (rl-jid'i-ty), n.

Rig'ma-role (rTg'ma-rol), n. Foolish talk ; non-
sense. [Colloq.~\ — a. Silly.

Rig'or (L. ri'gor ; E. rig'er), n. The state of be-
ing rigid; stiffness; a shuddering, as in the
cold fit of a fever ; severity ; sternness ; harsh-
ness ; exactness. — Rig'or-OUS (rig'er-us), a.
Rigid ; inflexible ; stern ; strict ; exact. — Rig'-
or-ous-ly, adv. — Rig'or-ous-ness, n.

Riks'dag (riks'dag), n. Legislature of Sweden.

Rile (ril), v. t. To render turbid ; to roil. — Ri'ly
(rl'ly), a. Turbid.

Rill (ril), n. A small brook; a streamlet.

Rim (rim), n. A border; edge. — v. t. [Rimmed
(rimd); Rimming.] To furnish with a rim.

Rime (rim), n. Rhyme. — v.i.& t. To rhyme.

Rime (rim), n. White or hoar frost, — v. i. To
freeze.

Rime (rim), n. A chink ; a crack. — Ri-mose'
(rt-mos'), a. Full of rimes or chinks, like those
in the bark of trees.

Rim'ple (rim'p'l), «• A fold or wrinkle. — v. U
[Rimpled (-p'ld) ; Rimpling.] To rumple.

Rind (rind), n. The external covering or coat ;
skin ; peel ; bark ; shell.

Rin'der-pest (rin'der-pest), n. A contagious dis-
temper of neat cattle, sheep, and goats ; the cat-
tle plague.

Ring (ring), n. A circle or circular line ; a
hoop ; a gold hoop worn as an ornament on the
finger, in the ear, etc. ; circular area for games
or contests of strength or skill ; prize fighting ;
a combination of persons to control markets or
offices, or for other selfish purposes ; a clique.
— v. t. [Ringed (ringd) ; Ringing.] To sur-
round with a ring ; to encircle. — Ring finger.
The third finger of the left hand, on which the
ring is placed in marriage.

Ring, r. t. [imp. Rang (r5ng) or Rung (rung) ;
p.p. Rung ; p.pr. & vb. n. Ringing.] To cause
to sound, esp. by striking, as a metallic body ;
to repeat often or earnestly. — v. i. To sound,
as a bell or sonorous body ; to resound ; to be
filled with report or talk. — n. A sound, esp.
of vibrating metals ; a chime, or set of bells.

Ring'bolt' (ring'bolf),
n. An iron bolt, hav-
ing a ring through an
eye at its head.

Ring'dove' (rTng'duv'),
n. A European wild
pigeon, marked with a
partial ring of white
upon the neck ; the
cushat ; the wood pi-
geon.

Ring' lead 'er (ring*-
led'er), n. The leader
of a ring, or of an as-
sociation of mischie-
vous or disorderly per-

fl0ns' „ - v European Ringdove.

Ring'let (rYnglSt), n.
A little ring or curl of hair.

3, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, H, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, fcbey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, finaL

RINGWORM

365

ROCKY

Ring'WOrm' ( ring'wurni' ), n. A contagious,

ring-shaped eruption of the skin, caused by a

vegetable parasite.
Rinse (vius), v. t. [Rinsed (rTnst) ; Rinsing.]

To cleanse with a second application of water

after washing. — Rins'er, to.
Rl'Ot (ri'ut), n. Tumult ; uproar ; row ; sedition.

— v. i. [Rioted ; Rioting.] To engage in
riot, or in excess of luxury, feasting, behavior,
etc. ; to raise an uproar or sedition. — Ri'ot-er,
n. — Ri/Ot-OUS (-Ob), a. Involving or engaging
in riot ; tumultuous. — Ri'ot-OUS-ly, adv.

Rip (rip), v. t. [Ripped (ript) ; Ripping.] To
divide or tear asunder. — n. A rent made by
ripping ; a tear ; laceration. — Rip'per, to.

Ri-pa'ri-an (ri-pa'rl-an), a. Pertaining to the
bank of a river.

Ripe (rip), a. Ready for reaping ; mature ; com-
plete. — Ripe'ly (rip'ljf), adv. — Rip'en (rip"n),
v. i. [Ripened (-'nd) ; Ripening.] To grow
ripe ; to come to perfection ; to be prepared. —
v. t. To make ripe ; to fit or prepare.

Rip'ple (rip'p'l), v. i. & t. [Rippled (-p'ld) ;
Rippling (-pllng).] To fret or dimple, as the
surface of running water. — n. The dimpling
of the surface of water ; a little wave.

Rise (riz), v. i. [imp. Rose (roz) ; p. p. Risen
(riz''n) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rising.] To move
from a lower position to a higher ; to ascend ;
to begin ; to increase in size, force, value, price,
etc. — Ris'er, to. — Rise (ris or riz), n. A ris-
ing ; source ; increase ; augmentation.

Ris'i-ble ( riz'i-b'l ), a. Capable of exciting
laughter ; laughable ; ridiculous. — Ris'i-bly,
adv. — Ris'i-ble-ness, Ris'i-bil'i-ty, n.

Risk (risk), n. Hazard ; peril ; jeopardy ; expo-
sure. — v. t. [Risked (rlskt) ; Risking.] To
expose to risk ; to venture. — Risk'y (-y), a.
Attended with danger ; hazardous.

Rite (rit), to. A religious ceremony or usage ; ob-
servance ; ordinance. — Rit'U-al (rit'u-ol), a.
Pertaining to rites ; ceremonial; formal. — to.
Manner of performing divine service ; a book
containing the rites to be observed. — Rit'U-al-
ism (-iz'm), n. Observance of prescribed
forms in religion. — Rifu-al-ist, to. One de-
voted to a ritual. — Rit'U-al-ly, adv.

Ri'val (ri'vfll), n. One seeking the same object
as another ; competitor ; antagonist. — a. Hav-
ing the same pretensions or claims ; competing.

— v. t. [Rivaled (ri'vold) or Rivalled; Ri-
valing or Rivalling.] To stand in competition
with ; to emulate. — Ri'val-ry (-ry), Ri'val-
Ship, to. A rivaling ; competition ; strife.

Rive (riv), v. t. & i. [imp. Rived (rivd) ; p. p.
Rived or Riven (rTV'n) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Riv-
ing.] To break asunder ; to split ; to cleave.

Riv'er,(riv'er), n. A large stream of water.

Riv'et (rlv'et), n. A metallic pin clinched at
one or both ends by being spread. — v. t. [Riv-
eted; Riveting.] To fasten with rivets; to
clinch ; to make firm or strong.

Riv'U-let (rlv'u-let), to. A small river ; a stream-
let.

Rix'-doMar (riks'doi'ler), n. A European silver
coin, varying from 30 cents to $1.10.

Roach, (roch), n. A cockroach.

Roach (roch), n. A fresh-water fish of the Carp
family ; a chub ; a shiner.

Road (rod), n. An open way or public track for
traveling ; highway ; street ; route ; a place

where ships may ride at anchor. — Road'bed'
(-bed')? n- The foundation of a road or rail-
road. — Road'less, a. Destitute* of roads. —
Road'stead (-sted), n. An anchorage off shore.
— Road'Ster (-ster), n. A horse, also a bicycle,
suitable for use on common roads.

Roam (roni), v. i. [Roamed (romd) ; Roam-
ing.] To move purposely from place to place ;
to wander ; to stroll ; to stray. — v. t. To wan-
der over. — Roam'er, n.

Roan (ron), a. Having a bay, sorrel, or dark
color, with spots of gray interspersed ; — said
of a horse. — n. The color of a roan horse ; a
roan horse ; a kind of leather made from sheep-
skin, in imitation of morocco.

Roar (ror), v. i. & t. [Roared (rord) ; Roar-
ing.] To cry loudly, confusedly, hoarsely, or
continuously, —n. The noise of billows, a wild
beast, cannon, one in pain, etc. — Roar'er, n.

Roast (rost), v. t. & i. To cook by exposure to
heat, before the fire. —n. That which is roast-
ed. — a. Roasted.

Rob (rSb), v. t. [Robbed (robd) ; Robbing.] To
take away from by force ; to plunder ; to steal
from. — Rob'ber, n. — Rob'ber-y (-ber-y), n.
Depredation ; plunder ; pillage ; piracy.

Robe (rob), n. An outer garment, esp. one of a
rich style or make ; a skin of the wolf, buffalo,
etc. , dressed for use. — v. t. [Robed (robd) ;
Robing.] To invest with a robe ; to array.

Rob'in (rot/in), n. A European and American
singing bird.

American Robin.

Ro-bnst' (ro-busf), a. Evincing strength or health;
requiring vigor ; lusty ; sturdy ; hearty ; sound.
— Ro-bust'ly, adv. — Ro-bus't'ness, n.

Roch'et (roch'et), n. An ecclesiastical garment
resembling a surplice.

Rock (rok), n. A mass of stone ; a fish, the strip-
ed bass. — Rock'y, a. Full of rocks ; hard. —
Rock'i-ness, n.

Rock (r5k), w. A distaff used in spinning.

Rock (rok), v.t.&i. [Rocked (r5kt) ; Rocking.]
To move backward and forward, as a body bal-
anced ; to reel ; to totter.

Rock'a-way (r5k'a-wa), n. A light, four-wheeled,
two-seated pleasure-carriage.

Rock'er (r5k'er), n. One who rocks (a cradle).-
one of the curving pieces of wood on which a
cradle or chair rocks ; an implement capable of
a rocking motion.

Rock'et (r5k'5t), to. An artificial firework, which
is projected through the air by a force arising
from the combustion.

Rock'et (rok'et), n. A plant sometimes eaten as
a salad.

Rock'i-ness, Rock'y. See under Rock, a stone.

fgrn, recent, orb, rijde, full, urn, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ROD

366

ROOMINESS

Rod (r5d). n. The shoot of a woody plant; a
long, sleuder stick ; au instrument of punish-
ment ; a scepter, or badge of office ; power ;
tyranny ; a measure of length (16£ feet) ; a
perch ; a pole.

Rode, imp. of Ride.

Ro'dent (rodent), a. Gnawing. — rc. An animal
that gnaws, as a rat.

Rod/0-mon-tader (rod'S-mon-tad'), n. Bluster;
vain boasting. — v. i. To boast ; to brag.

Roe (ro), n. The female of the deer.

Roe (ro), n. The eggs of fish and amphibious an-
imals.

Roelmck' (ro'bfik/), n. A small European and
Asiatic deer, having erect branched horns.

1 Ro-man'tlC (ro-man'tik), a. Pertaining to, or
resembling, romance ; fictitious ; sentimental ;
extravagant ; wild. — Ro-man'tic-al-ly (-tT-kal-
lf), adv. — Ro-man'ti-cism (-ti-sTz'm), Ro-
man/tlc-ness, n. State of being romantic ; ex-
travagance ; fancifulness.

Rom'a-ny (r5m'a-ny), n. A gypsy ; the language
of the gypsies. [Written also RommahyJ]

Rom/ish (rom'Tsh), a. Belonging to Rome, or to
the Roman Catholic Church.

Romp (romp), v. i. [Romped (r5mt) ; Romping.]
To play rudely and boisterously. — n. A girl
addicted to rude play ; rough sport or frolic. —
Romp'ish (-Tsh), a. Given to rude play. —
Romp'ish-ly, adv. — Romp'ish-ness, n.

Ront'gen ray (rent'gen). An electric ray that
penetrates opaque bodies, so that their interior
is seenand may be photographed.

Rood (rood), n. A representation of the cross with
Christ hanging on it ; a measure of 5£ yards ; a
rod, pole, or perch ; the fourth of an acre, or
40 square rods.

Roof (roof), n. The cover or upper part of a

Roebuck. Male and Fawn.

RO-ga'tion (ro-ga'shun), n. Litany; supplica-
tion.

Rogue ( rog ), n. A vagrant ; a vagabond ; a
knave ; a cheat ; one mischievous or frolicsome.

— Rogll'er-y (rog'er-^), n. Knavish tricks;
cheating ; fraud ; waggery ; mischievousness.

— RogU'ish (rog'Tsh), a. Resembling a rogue ;
slightly mischievous. — RogU'ish-ly, adv.

Roll (roil), v. t. [Roiled (roild) ; Roiling.] To
render turbid by stirring ; to excite.

Rois'ter (rois'ter), Rois'ter-er (-ter-er), n. A
blustering, turbulent fellow.

Role (rol), n. An actor's part in a drama; a
function or duty performed by any one.

Roll (rol), v. t. & i. [Rolled (rold) ; Rolling.] i
To turn in a circle ; to revolve ; to form into a
sphere or cylinder ; to press or level with a
roller. — n. A rolling ; a roller ; anything rolled
up ; a small loaf of bread. — Roll'er, n.

Ro-ma'ic (ro-ma'Tk), a. Pertaining to modern
Greece or its language. — n. The modern
Greek language ; Hellenic.

Ro'man (ro'man), a. Pertaining to Rome, or to
the Roman Catholic religion. — n. A citizen of
Rome. —Roman Catholic. Pertaining to the
church of which the pope is the head.

Ro-mance' (ro-mSns'), n. A fictitious and won-
derful tale ; a language formed from mixture of
Latin and the languages of the barbarians, and
now developed into Italian, Spanish, French,
etc.— v. i. [Romanced (ro-inSnsf) ; Roman-
cing. ] To tell romances. — Ro man'cer (-mSn'-
ser), n.

Ro'man-ism (ro'man-Tz'm), n. The tenets of the
Church of Rome. — Ro'man-lst (-Tst), n. A
Roman Catholic. — Ro'man-ize (iz), v. t. & i.
[Romanized (-Izd) ; Romanizing. | To turn to
the Roman Catholic religion.

Timbers in a Roof.

aa Wall Plate : bh Tiebeam ; c King Post : (Id Struts ;
ee Principal Rafters ; ff Pole Plate ; gg Purlin ; hh
Ridgepiece, or Ridgepole ; i i Common Rafters.

building. — v. t. [Roofed (robft) ; Roofing.]
To cover with a roof ; to shelter. — Roofing, n.
A covering with a roof ; materials for a roof. —
Roofless (-les), a. Having no roof or home ;
unsheltered. — Roof tree' (-tre7), n. The beam
in the angle of a roof ; the roof itself.

Rook (ro"6k), n. One of the four pieces placed on
the corner squares of a chess board ; a castle.

Rook (rdbk), n. A European bird of the crow
kind, but smaller, —v. i. & t. [Rooked (rdokt) ;
Rooking.] To cheat ; to defraud. — Rook'er-y
(-er-^), n. A place where rooks build their
nests ; a dilapidated building. — Rook'y (-$), a.
Inhabited by rooks.

Room ( room ), n. Space ; extent ; scope ; an
apartment in a house; place left by another;
office ; station. — v. i. [Roomed ( roomd ) ;
Rooming.] To occupy a room or apartment;
to lodge. — Room'ful (-ful), n. ; pi. Roomfdls.
As much or as many as a room will hold. —
Room'mate', n. One of two or more persona
rooming together ; a chum. — Room'y (-$'), a.
Having ample room ; spacious; wide. — Room'-
i-ly, adv. — Room'i-ness, n.

a, e, i, o, a, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; seuiite, event, idea, 6 bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

ROOST

367

ROUGHHEW

b—

Roost (roost), ft. The pole on which birds rest
at uiglit ; a perch ; a collection of fowls roosting
together, —v. i. To perch ; to rest ; to lodge.

— Roost/er, n. The male of the domestic fowl ;
acock._ {U. £.] •

Root (root), n. The underground portion of a
plant; a source of nourish-
ment or support ; that
from which anything pro-
ceeds ; a word from which
other words are formed ;
that factor of a quantity
which when multiplied
into itself will produce
that quantity. — v. i. To
be firmly fixed or estab-
lished. — v. t. To plant
and fix deeply in the earth;
to make deep or radical ;
to tear up by the root ; to
eradicate ; to extirpate.

— Root'let (root'let), n.
A radicle ; a little root. —
Root/y (-y), a. Full of roots.

Rope (rop), n. A stout, twisted cord. — v. i.
[Roped (ropt) ; Roping.] To be formed into
rope ; to draw out or extend into a thread. —
v. t. To draw by, or as by, a rope. — Rop'er-y
(-er-y), n. A place where ropes are made. —
Rope' walk' (-wak/), n. A long, covered walk,
or building where ropes are manufactured. —
Rop'y (rop'y), a. Stringy ; adhesive ; tena-
cious ; glutinous. — Rop'i-ness, n.

Ror'qual (ror'kwal), n. A large whalebone whale
of the North Atlantic ; the razorback.

Root.

aa Crown or head of
Root; bb Rootlets; cc
Fibers.

Rorqual.

Ro'sa-ry (ro'za-ry), n. A bed of roses ; a string
of beads for counting prayers.

Rose (roz), n. A shrub and its flower of many
varieties ; the color of the rose ; red ; pink. —
Rose beetle, Rose bug, Rose chafer. A small
beetle which eats the leaves of rosebushes, apple
trees, grapevines, etc. — Rose water. Water
tinctured with roses by distillation.

Rose, imp. of Rise, v. i.

Ro'se-ate ( ro'ze-at ), a. Full of roses ; rosy ;
blooming.

Rose'bud' (roz'biid'), n. The flower of a rose,
not yet fully open.

Rosebush/ (roz'bush'), n. The shrub which bears

Rose'ma-ry (roz'ma-ry), n. A shrub
growing hi warm climates, having a
fragrant aaell, and a warm, pun-
gent, bitterish taste.

Ro-sette/ (vt-eW), n. An imitation
of a rose, — used as an ornament.

Rose'wood' (roz'wood'), n' The
wood of several tropical trees,
much used in cabinetwork.

Ros'in (rSz'Tn), n. [A variant of
renin.'] The resin left after distill-
ing off the volatile oil of turpen-
tine. — v. t. To rub with rosin. —
Ros'ln-y (-y), a. Like rosin.

Rosemary.

ROSS (ros), n. The rough external bark of trees.

Ros'ter (ros'ter), n. A list of officers, order of
military duties, etc.

Ros'tral (ros'tral), a. Resembling or pertaining
to a rostrum or a beak. — Ros'trate (-trat),
Ros'tra-ted (-tra-te'd), a. Furnished or adorned
with beaks. — Ros'trum (-truni), n. The bill
of a bird or beak of a ship ; a platform from
which a speaker addresses an audience.

Ros'y (roz'y), a. [Rosier (-T-er) ; Rosiest.] Re-
sembling a rose ; blooming ; red ; blushing ;
charming.

Rot (rot), v. i. & t. [Rotted ; Rotting.] To
putrefy ; to corrupt ; to decay ; to spoil. — n.
A rotting ; decay ; putrefaction ; a disease of
sheep, also one of potatoes; a form of decay
which attacks timber ; — usually called dry rot.

Ro/ta-ry (ro'ta-r^), a. Turning, as a wheel on
its axis ; rotatory. — Ro'tate (-tat), a. Wheel-
shaped. — Ro'tate (-tat), v. i. To revolve or
move round a center ; to go out of office, and be
succeeded by another. — v. t. To cause to re-
volve. — Ro-ta'tioir (-ta'shvin), n. A rotating
or turning ; a return or succession in a series.

— Ro/ta-tive (ro'ta-ttv), Ro'ta-to-ry (-t6-ry), a.
Turning on an axis ; following in succession.

Rotche (roch), n. A small Arctic sea bird ; the
little auk ; the sea dove.

Rote (rot), n. Repetition
of words without atten-
tion to the meaning.

Rot'ten (rSt'fc'n), a. Hav-
ing rotted ; putrid ; de-
cayed ; unsound ; cor-
rupt ; treacherous. —
Rot'ten-ness, n. —Rot-
ten Stone. A soft stone
used for polishing, and
for cleaning metallic
substances.

Ro-tund' (rotund'), a.
Round ; circular ; com-
plete ; entire. — Ro-
ttm'da (-tun'da), n. A
building round both outside and inside. — Ro-
tund'ness, Ro-tund'i-ty (-i-ty), n.

Rouche (roosh), n. A goffered quilling of lace,
ribbon, etc. [Written also ruche.~\

HRou'e' (roo/a/), n. One devoted to sensual
pleasure ; a debauchee ; a rake.

Rouge (robzh), a. Red. — n. A powder for pol-
ishing glass, metal, gems, etc. ; a cosmetic for
giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. — v. i.
& t. [Rouged (roozhd) ; Rouging.] To paint
(face or cheeks) with rouge.

Rough (ruf), a. Having an uneven surface;
coarse ; harsh ; not polished ; boisterous ;
shaggy ; ragged ; rude ; hard ; austere ;
stormy. — n. A rude, coarse fellow; a bully.

— v. t. To render rough ; to rouehen. —
Rougb/ly, adv. — Rough'ness, n. — Rou?h'-
cast' (riif'kasf), v. t. [Roughcast; Rough-
casting.] To form or mold rudely ; to plaster
with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles. —
7?. A rude model ; a mixture of lime with
shells or pebbles, for covering buildines. —
Rough/draW {-drS/),v. t. To draw or deline-
ate coarsely. — Rough'en (ruf'n), v. t. [Rough-
ened (-'nd) ; Roughening.] To make rough. —
v. i. To grow or become rough. — Rough/hew'
(-hu7), v. t. To hew coarsely, without smooth-

Rotche.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, fo"bt, out, oil, ciiair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

ROUGHSHOD

368

RUEFULNESS

ing. — Rough'shod' (ruf'shod'), a. Shod with
shoes armed with points. — To ride rough-
shod. To pursue a course regardless of the
distress it may cause others.

HRou'leau' (roo'lo'), n. ; pi. P. Rouleaux {F.
-15'; E. -loz'), E. Rouleaus (-loz'). A little
roll ; a roll of coins in paper.

Roulette7 (rob-lef ), n. A game of chance, played
by rolling a ball round a circle divided into red
or black spaces ; a small toothed wheel used by
engravers to produce dots on the plate.

Rouace (rouns), n. The handle of a printing
press.

Round (round), a. Circular; spherical; cylin-
drical ; full ; complete ; large ; positive ; de-
cided. — n. That which is round ; a ring ; a
circle ; a globe ; a sphere ; a cycle ; a series of
duties performed in turn, and repeated ; a step
of a ladder ; a volley. — adv. On every side ;
around ; circularly ; back to the starting point.
— prep. On every side of ; about. — v. t. To
make circular, spherical, or cylindrical ; to
complete ; to go round. — v. i. To become
round or full. — Roundly, adv. — Round'ness,
n. — Round'a-bout' (-a-bouf), a. Indirect ;
going round ; loose. — n. A jacket.

Round'head' (round'hed'), n. A Puritan.

Round'house' (round'hous'), n. A cabin in the
after part of a ship's quarter-deck ; a building
for'housing locomotives.

Round'ing (round'ing), Roundish (-Tsh), a.
Somewhat round.

Round'ly, Round'ness. See under Round, a.

Rouse (rouz), v. t. & i. [Roused (rouzd) ; Rous-
ing.] To wake ; to excite ; to start.

Rout (rout), n. A troop ; a throng ; a tumultu-
ous crowd ; uproar ; noise ; disturbance. — v. t.
To break the ranks of (troops) ; to put to flight.

Route (root or rout), n. A course or way trav-
eled ; a march.

Rou-tiner (roo-ten'), n. A round or habitual
course of action or business.

Rove (rov), v. i. [Roved (rovd) ; Roving.] To
wander ; to ramble ; to roam. — Rov'er, n.

Rove (rov), v. t. To draw through an eye or
aperture ; to twist slightly.

Row (ro), n. A series of persons or things in
line ; a rank ; a file.

Row (ro), v. t. [Rowed (rod); Rowing.] To
impel (a boat) by oars ; to transport by rowing.
— v. i. To move by oars. — n. Act of rowing ;
excursion in a rowboat. -*■ Row'er, n.

Row (rou), n. A noisy disturbance ; a brawl.

Row'dV (rou'dy), n. One who engages in rows
or riots ; a turbulent fellow ; a ruffian ; a
rough. — a. Turbulent, — Row ' dy - ish, a.
Rowdy. — Row'dy-ism (-Tz'm), n. Conduct of
a rowdy.

Row'el (rou'Sl), n. The little wheel of a spur,
formed with sharp points; a roll of hair or
silk, used as a seton. — v. t. [Roweled (-Sid)
or Rowelled ; Roweling or Rowelling.] To
insert a rowel ill.

Row'en (rou'gn), n. A second growth of grass.

Row'er (ro'er), 7?. One who rows or pulls an oar.

Row'lock (ro'lok, colloq. rul'uk), n. A support
or fulcrum for an oar in rowing.

Roy'al (roi'f/l), a. Kingly; pertaining to the
crown; princely; majestic J splendid ; mag-
nanimous. — n. A large size of paper j B small
sail above the topgallant sail. — Roy'al-ly, adv.

— Roy'al-ism (-tz'm), n. Principles or con-
duct of royalists. — Roy'al-ist, n. An adherent
to a king or to kingly government. — Roy'al-ty
(-al-ty), n. State of being royal ; kingly office ;
royal prerogative ; kingdom ; domain ; a tax
paid to the crown or government ; a duty paid
by one who uses the patent of another, or a per-
centage paid by one who hires the use of an
article or privilege belonging to another.

Rub (rub), v. t. [Rubbed (rubd) ; Rubbing.] To
move with pressure or friction ; to wipe ; to
scour ; to smear ; to chafe ; to fret. — v. i. To
move or pass with difficulty. — n. A rubbing ;
friction ; a difficulty hard to overcome ; a sar-
casm ; joke. — Rub'ber, n. One that rubs ; in
whist and other games, the decisive game of a
series ; India rubber ; caoutchouc ; pi. India-
rubber overshoes. — India rubber. Caoutchouc,

— originally used to rub out pencil marks.
Rub'bish (rfib'bxah), n. Waste matter ; trash ;

ruins; debris.
Rub'ble ( rub ' b' 1), n. Rough stones, broken

bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry.
Ru-bes'cence (ru-bea/sens), n. A reddening ; a

flush. — Ru-bes'cent (-sent), a. Growing red ;

tending to a red color. — Ru'bi-CUnd (ru'bi-

kund), a. Inclining to redness.
Ru'ble (ru/b'l), n. A Russian silver coin, worth

about GO cents.
Ru'bric (ru'brik), n. Part of a written or printed

work colored red ; a title of a statute ; in prayer

books, the directions for the conduct oi service.

— Ru'bric, Ru'bric-al (-bri-kol), a. Colored
in red ; pertaining to the rubric. — Ru'bri-cate
(-kat), v. t. To mark or distinguish with red ;
to arrange as in a rubric.

Ru'by (ru'by), n. A precious stone of a carmine
red color ; the English name for a size of print-
ing type smaller than nonpareil, called agate
in the United States. — a. Red.

(jglr" This line is printed in ruby, or agate.

I Ruche (roosh), n. A plaited quilling ; rouche.

Ruck (ruk), v. t. & i. [Rucked (rukt) ; Ruck-
ing.] To draw into wrinkles or folds ; to
crease. — n. A wrinkle or plait in cloth.

Ruc-ta'tion (ruk-ta'shun), n. A belching of wind
from the stomach.

Rud'der (rud'der), n. The instrument by which
a vessel is steered. a

Rud'dy(rud'dy),fl. [Rud-
dier ; Ruddiest.] Of a
red color ; of a lively flesh
color. — Rud'di-ness, n.

Rude (rud),a. Character-
ized by roughness ; rug-
ged ; coarse ; unfash-
ioned ; uncouth ; rustic ; a Tiller . b Ruddcr.
vulgar ; harsh ; severe.

— Rude'ly, adv. — Rude'ness, n.
Ru'di-ment (ru/dl-ment), n. That which is un-
developed ; unfinished beginning ; a first prin-
ciple of any art or science. — Ru'di-men'tal
(-men'trtl), Ru/di-men'ta-ry (-ta-iy), a. Ele-
mentary ; imperfectly developed.

Rue (nv), n. An herb of bitter taste, used in
medicine : bitterness ; grief.

Rue (nO, v. t. [Rued (rud)j Ruing,] To la-
ment ; to grieve for. Rue'ful f-ful), O. Caus-
ing one to rue ; woeful : sorrowful. — Rue'iul-
ly, adv. — Rue'iul-ness. n.

5, e, I, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senSte, 6vont, Idea, 6bey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

RUFF

369

RURAL

Ruff.

a Male ; b Female, or
Reeve.

Ruff (ruf), n. A muslin or linen collar plaited,
crimped, or fluted;
a ruffle ; a Euro-
pean bird, akin to
the sandpipers,
and having tufted
feathers about its
neck. — v . t .
[Ruffed ( ruf t ) ;
Ruffing.] To ruf-
fle ; to disorder.

Rufi (ruf), n. An
old game of cards,
resembling whist ;
a trumping, in-
stead of discard-
in?, when one has
no card of the suit led. — v. t. & i. To trump.

Rui'fian (ruf'yan or ruf'f I-au), n. A boisterous,
brutal fellow ; a desperado ; a murderer. — a.
Brutal ; savagely boisterous. — Ruf/fian-ism
(-Tz'm), n. Act or conduct of a ruffian. — Ruf/-
f ian-ly, a. Like a ruffian ; violent ; licentious.

Rui'fle (ruf'f'l), v. t. [Ruffled (-fid); Ruf-
fling (-rling).j To make into a ruff; to wrin-
kle ; to roughen or disturb the surface of ; to
agitate. — v. i. To play loosely ; to flutter.

— n. A strip of fine cloth, bordering a gar-
ment ; a frill ; agitation ; commotion ; a low,
vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll.

Ru'fous (1 u'lus), a. Reddish ; brownish red.

Rug (rug), n. A coarse woolen fabric, used to
cover a carpet, as a wrap, etc.

Rug'ged (rQg'gSd), a. Rough ; harsh ; crabbed ;
tempestuous ; surly ; rude ; robust ; hardy. —
Rug'ged-ly, adv. — Rug'ged-ness, n.

Ru-gose' (ru-gos'), a. Wrinkled ; full of wrin-
kle,. - Rii-gOS'i-ty (-gSs'T-ty), n.

RU'ln (ru/Ii), 7i. Destruction; downfall; over-
throw; deieat; mischief; pi. the remains of
a destroyed house, city, etc. —v./. [Ruined
(-Tnd) ; Ruining.] To bring to ruin ; to dam-
age esseuthlly. — ?•. i. To fall to ruins; to
perish. — Ru'ln-a'tion (-a'shun), ?i. Over-
throw ; demolition. — Ru'in-OUS (-us), a. Bring-
ing or characterized by ruin ; decayed ; per-
nicious ; destructive; wasteful; injurious. —
Ru'in-ous-ly. ndv. — Ru'in-ous-ness, it.

Hul'a-ble (rul'a-b'l), a. Accordant or conforma-
ble to rule ; proper.

Rule (rul), 7i. Anything laid down as a guide for
conduct ; precept ; regulation ; an instrument
used in measuring or in drawing a straight line ;
administration of law ; government ; authority ;
control. — v. t. [Ruled (ruld) ; Ruling.] To
mark with lines by a ruler ; to govern ; to estab-
lish or lay down (a rule, decree, decision, etc.).

— v. t. To have power or command ; to keep
within a certain rang" ; — said of market prices.

— Rlll'er, ». One that rules; an instrument
for drawing lines ; a governor.

Rum (rum), a. A spirit distilled from cane juice,
or from molasses.

Hum (rum), ff. Old-fashioned; queer; odd.

Rum'ble (rum'b'l), V. i. To make a low, heavy,
continued sound. — n. A low, heavy sound ;
reverberation ; a servants' seat behind a car-
riage.

Ru'ml-nant (ru/mY-nant), a. Chewing the cud.

— n. An animal of the camel, deer, goat, and
bovine kind. — Ru'mi-nate (-nat), v. i. & /. To

Stomach of a Rumi-
nant, r Paunch, or
Rumen ; n Reticu-
lum ; m Manyplies,
Omasum, or Psalte-
riu in ; s Rennet
Stomach, or Abonia-
Bum - p Beginning
of Intestine ; o End
of Esophagus ; •
Esophageal Groove.

chew (the cud) : to meditate
Ru'mi-na'tion (-ua'shuu),
n. A ruminating, or chew-
ing the cud ; meditation or

reflection. — Ru'mi-na'tor
(ru/mi-na'ter), n.

Rum'mage (rum'maj), n. A
close searching by looking
into every corner. — v. t.
& i. [Rummaged ; Rum-
maging.] To search or ex-
amine thoroughly. — ■
Rum'ma-ger (-ma-jer), n.

Ru'mor (ru'mer), n. A cur-
rent story, without known
authority for its tiuth ;
reputation ; hearsay, —v. t.
[Rumored (-merd); Rumor-
ing.] To report by rumor ;
to tell.

Rump (rump), n. The end
of the backbone of an ani-
mal, with parts adjacent ; the buttocks.

Rum'ple (rum'p'l), v. i. [Rumpled (-p'ld) ;
Rumpling.] To make uneven ; to wrinkle, — n.
An irregular fold or plait.

Rum/pus (runi'pus), n. A disturbance ; noise
and confusion.

Run (run), v. i. & t. [imp. Ran (ran) or Run ;
p. p. Run ; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.] To move
rapidly ; to hasten ; to flow ; to melt ; to form in
a mold ; to pass ; to smuggle. — n. A running ;
course ; flow ; small stream ; result. — Run'ner,
n. One that runs ;
a slender trailing
branch, which
takes root at the
joints or at the
end, and forms new
plants.

Run'a-way' (rQn'a-
wa'), n. One who
flees from danger or restraint ; a fugitive. — a.
Fleeing ; accomplished b}' or during flight.

Run'dle (run'd'l), n. A round or step of a ladder.

Rung, imp. & p. p. of Ring.

Rung (rung), 7i. A floor timber in a ship ; a round
of a ladder ; a stake of a cart.

Run'let (run'let), n. A little run or stream ; a
brook.

Run'round' ( riin'round' ), n. A felon or whit-
low. \_U. 5.]

Runt (runt), n. An animal unnaturally small.

Rupee' (ru-pe'), n. An East India silver coin,
worth about 34 cents.

iRu-pic'o-la (ru-pTk'o-la), n. A South American
bird, having beauti-
ful plumage and
crest; the cock of
the rock.

Rup'ture (riip'tur),
n. A bursting;
breach; break; dis-
ruption; hernia. —
v. t. [ Ruptured
( -turd ) ; Ruptur-
ing.] To part by
violence ; to burst.

Ru'ral (ru'ral), a.
Pertaining to the country, to farming, or to
agriculture.

Runner.

Rupicola.

fgm, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

RUSE

370

SACREDNESS

Ruse (ruz), n. Artifice ; trick ; stratagem ; fraud ;
deceit.'— ijRuse de guerre (ruz' de gaV). [F-]
A stratagem of war.

Rush (rush), n. A plant growing in wet ground ; a
tride ; a straw. — Rusb/y (rush'y), a. Abound-
ing with, or made of, rushes.

Rush (rush), v. i. [Rushed (riisht) ; Rushing.]
To move, push, or drive forward violently. — u.
A driving forward ; haste. — Rush'er, n.

Rusk (rusk), n. A kind of light cake, or sweet-
ened biscuit.

RUSS (rus), v. A Russian ; language of Russia.

RU3'set (ruV.-gt). a. Of a reddish color. — Rus'-
set, Rus'set-ing (-Tng), n. An apple of a russet
color and rough skin. — Rus'set-y (-^), a. Of
a russet color.

Rus'sian (rQsh'r/n or ru/shon), a. Of or pertain-
ing to Russia. — n. A citizen, also the language,
of Russia ; Russ.

Rust (rust), n. A crust or coating on iron and
otner metals ; a fungus on leaves and stalks of
grain, — v. i. To be oxidized, and rough on the
surface ; to become dull by inaction. — v. t. To
corrode ; to impair by time and inactivity. —
Rust mite. A minute mite which punctures
tl \c rind of oranges, causing rust-colored patches.

Rus/tiC (rus'tlk), a. Pertaining to the country ;

rude ; untaught ; rough ; unadorned ; honest. —
n. An inhabitant of the country ; a clown. —
Rus'tic-al-ly (-al-ly), adv. — Rus'ti-cate (-tT-
kat), v. i. To dwell in the country. — v. t. To
compel to reside in the country ; to banish from
a town or college for a time. — Rus'ti-ca'tion
( - ka ' shun ), n. A rusticating. — Rus-tic'i-ty
(-tis'T-t^), n. State of being rustic ; rudeness ;
simplicity.

Rus'tle (ruV'l), v. i. [Rustled (-'Id); Rus-
tling.] To make a quick succession of small
sounds, like the rubbing of silk cloth or dry
leaves.—??. A rustling.

Rust'y (rust'y), a. [Rustier; Rustiest.] Cov-
ered or affected with rust ; in. paired by inac-
tion. — Rust'i-ly, adv. — Rust'i-ness, n.

Rut (rut), n. The copulation of animals, espe-
cially of deer. — v. i. [Rutted; Rutting.] To
seek copulation.

Rut (rut), a. A track worn by a wheel.

Ru'ta-ba'ga (ru/ta-ba'ga), n. A Swedish turnip.

Ruth (ruth), 77. Sorrow for misery of another;
pity. — Ruth'less, a . Cruel ; pitiless. — Ruth'-
less-ly, adv. — Ruth'less-ness, n.

Rye (ri), n. A grass plant allied to wheat ; the
grain or fruit of this plant.

Ry'Ot (ri'ot), n. An East Indian peasant.

s.

Saan (san), n. pi. Bushmen.

Sab'a-Oth (taVa-Bth or sa-ba'5th), n. pi. Annies ;
hosts.

Sab'ba-ta'ri-an ( f5b'ba-ta'rl-an ), n. A rigid
observer of the Sabbath, by the letter of the
fourth commandment in the Decalogue. — a.
Pertaining to the Sabbath, or to the tenets of
Sabbatarians.

Sab'bath (saVbath), n. A season or day of rest ;
the seventh or last day of the week, which the
Jews were commanded to keep as a day of rest or
worship ; a time of rest or repose. — Sab-bat'ic
(s5b-b5tTk), Sab-bat'ic-al (-i-kal), a. Per-
taining to the Sabbath.

Sa'ber (sa'ber), SaTire, n. A sword with a
broad and heavy blade,
curved toward the
point. — v. t. [Sa-
bered or Sabred ; Sa- Saber.
Bering or Sabring.] To strike with a saber.

Sa'bi-an ( sa'bT-on ). a. Relating to Saba, in
Arabia, or to worship of the heavenly bodies. —
n. An adherent of the Sabian religion ; a wor-
shiper of the heavenly bodies. — Sa'bi-an-lsm
(-Yz'm), n. Worship of the sun, moon, stars.

Sa'ble (sa'b'l), n. An animal of the weasel kind,
or its fine, soft fur;
pi. mourning ; a fu-
neral dress. — a. Of
the color of the sable ;
black.

HSa'bot' (saW), n. A

wooden shoe worn by Sable.

European peasants.

Sa'bre (ca1)er), n. A heavy sword. See Saber.

Sac (sSk), n. A bag or receptacle for a liquid in
the body ; a sack.

Sac (sak), n. One of the Sacs (Indians).

SaCcha-rif'er-OUS (saVka-rTfer-iis), a. Produ-
cing sugar. — Sac'cha-rlne (-rlu), a. Pertain-
ing to, or like, sugar ; sweet.

Sac'er-dO'tal (saVeWo't^l), a. Priestly. — Sac'-
er-do/tal-ism (-Tz'ni), n. The system, spirit, or
influence oi a priesthood.

Sa'cbem (sa'chem), n. An Indian chief.

HSa/cheV (sa'sha'), n. A scent bag, for perfum-
ing clothes.

Sack (i 5k), n. A bag for holding goods ; a large
pouch ; a measure of various capacity (215 lbs.
of salt, 2 bushels of wheat, etc.) ; a loose outer
coat or garment. — v. I. [Sacked (s-3kt) ; Sack-
ing.] To put into a sa( k ; to bag. — Sack'-
Cloth' (-klSth'), n. Cloth for making sacks;
coarse cloth ; anciently, a garment worn in
mourning or mortification. — Sack'ful (-ful),
n. ; pi. Sackfuls (-fulz). As much as a sack
will hold. — Sack'ing (-Tng), n. Cloth of which
sacks are made ; coarse canvas fastened to a
bedstead, for supporting the bed.

Sack (sSk), n. An old name for sweet Spanish
wine ; sherry.

Sack (*5k), n. The pillage (of a town) ; devas-
tation ; ravage, —v. t. [Sacked (s5kt) ; Sack-
ing.] To plunder (a city); to devastate; to
ravage. — Sack'er, n. — Sack'age (-aj), n. A
taking by storm and pillaging ; sack.

SackTrat (s-Sk'bGt), n. A brass wind instrument
of music.

Sac'ra-ment (sXk'ra-ment), v. A solemn reli-
gious ordinance ; the eucharist ; the Lord's Sup-
per. — Sac'ra-meu'tal (-men't^l), a. Belong-
ing to, or constituting, a sacrament ; sacredly
binding. — Sac'ra-men'tal-ly, adv.

Sa'Cied (sa'kred), n. Pertaining to God or to
religion ; holy ; divine ; hnllowed ; reverend. —
Sa'cred-ly, adv. — Sa'cred-ness, n.

a, 5, 1, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, d, ii, y. short ; Beuate, Svent, Idea, dbey, nnite, care, arm, ask, all, finoL

SACRIFICE

371

SAIL

SaCri-fice (s5k'rT-fiz), re. An offering to God ;
destruction or surrender of anything for the
sake of something else ; loss incurred. — v. t.
[Sacrificed (-fizd) ; Sacrificing.] To make an
offering of ; to destroy, or suffer to be lost,
for the sake of obtaining something. — v. i. To
make offerings. — SaCri-fi'cial (-flsh'al), a.
Relating to, or consisting in, sacrifice.

Sac'ri-lege (s5k'rT-lej), re. A violating or pro-
faning sacred things. — Sac/ri-le/gi0US (saVrT-
le'jus), a. Violating sacred things; profane;
impious. — Sac'ri-le'gions-ly, adv. — Sac'ri-
le'gious-ness, n. — Sac'ri-le gist (s5k'ri-le-
jlst), n. One guilty of sacrilege.

Sac'rls-tail (s5k'rTs-tan), re. A church officer in
charge of its utensils ; a sexton. — Sac'ris-ty
(-ty), n. An apartment in a church where sa-
cred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept ; vestry.

ilSa'crum (sa'krum), re. ; pi. Sacra (-kra). The
lower end of the vertical column, forming part
of the pelvis.

Sacs (saks), n. pi. A tribe of 'Indians formerly
inhabiting Wisconsin ; Sauks.

Sad (sSd), a. [Sadder; Saddest.] Heavy;
dull ; grave ; mournful ; gloomy ; grievous ; ca-
lamitous. — Sadly, adv. — Sad'ness, re. —
Sad'den (sSd'd'n), v. t. [Saddened (-d'nd) ;
Saddening.] To make sad or sorrowful.

Sad'dle (sSd'd'l), re. A seat for a horse's back ;
a piece of meat containing part of the back-
bone with ribs on each side. — v. t. [Saddled ;
Saddling.] To put a saddle upon ; to burden ;
to encumber. — Saddle horse. A horse ridden
with a saddle. —Saddle joint In sheet-metal
roofing, a joint formed by a
double bend of one sheet over
the turned-up edge of the
next sheet. — Sad'dle-bags'
(-b5gz/), n. pi. Bags formerly
carried by travelers on horseback, one bag on
each side, containing small articles. — Sad'dle-
TboW (-bo7), re. The bow in front of a saddle,
or the pieces which form the front. — Sad'dler
(-dler), re. A maker of saddles, harness, etc.

— Sad'dler-y (-y), re. Materials for saddles and
harnesses ; articles usually for sale in a saddler's
shop ; trade of a saddler. — Sad' die- tree (-tre7),
re. The frame of a saddle.

Sad'du-cee (s5i'u-se), re. One of a Jewish sect,
who denied the resurrection.

Sad'i ron (sSdl'drn), re. An instrument for iron-
ing clothes ; a flatiron.

[|Saeng'er-fest (sgng'er-fSst), re. A German sing-
ing festival.

Safe (saf), a. [Safer ; Safest.] Free from harm
or risk ; to be relied upon ; unendangered ; sure.

— re. A place for safety ; a fireproof chest for
money, papers, etc. ; a cupboard for meats ; a
refrigerator. — Saf e'ly, adv. — Safe'ness, re. —
Safe'-COn'dUCt (-k5n'dukt), re. That which
gives a safe passage ; a convoy or guard ; a pass
or warrant of security. — Safe'guard' (-gard'),
re. That which protects ; defense ; protection ;
guard ; a warrant of security. — Safe'-keep'ing
(-kej/Tng), re. A keeping in safety from injury
or from escape. — Safe'ty (-ty), re. Condition
of being safe ; exemption from hurt or loss. —
Safety lamp. A lamp surrounded with wire
gauze, to prevent explosion of gases. — Safety
match. A match which will light only on a
specially prepared surface. — Safety valve. A

valve for relieving pressure on a steam boiler,
to prevent its bursting.

Ji

Saddle Joint.

Safety Valve, a Boiler ; b Valve ; c Lever ; d Fulcrum ;
e Guide ; / "Weight for holding Valve down.

Saffron (sSf'frun), re. A bulbous plant of the
crocus kind, bearing yellow flowers. — a. Of
the color of saffron flowers ; deep yellow.

Sag (s5g), v. i. [Sagged (s5gd) ; Sagging.] To
lean or bend under pressure.

Sa-ga'ciOUS (sa-ga'shQs), a. Of keen penetra-
tion and judgment ; shrewd ; quick ; wise. —
Sa-ga'cious-ness, Sa-gac'i-ty (-gas'T-ty), n.

Sag'a-more (s5g'a-mor), re. A sachem.

Sage (saj), re. An herb, of which one species is
cultivated and used in cookery as a condiment.

Sage (saj), a. Having nice discernment ; wise ;
grave ; judicious. — re. A wise man.

Sag'it-tal (sSj'Tt-tal), a. Pertaining to, or re-
sembling, an arrow. — liSag'it-ta'ri-US (-ta'ri-
Qs), re. [L., an archer.] The ninth sign of the
zodiac, which the sun enters about November
22, marked thus [£] in almanacs.

Sa'go (sa'go), re. Granulated starch, from East
India palm trees, used as food, for starch, etc.

llSa'hlh (s'a'heb), llSa'heb, re. A title of respect
given to Europeans in India.

Said (s6d), imp. & p. p. of Say. — a. Before
mentioned ; already spoken of ; aforesaid.

Sail (sal), re. A sheet of canvas, etc., spread to

Sails of a Ship.
a Frying Jib : h Jib : c Fore Topmast Staysail ; d Fore
Course, or Foresail; e Fore Topsail ; j Fore Topgallant
Sail ; g Fore Royal ; h Fore Skysail ; ii Fore Royal
Studding Sails: jj Fore Topgallant Studding Sails; fc
Fore Topmast Studding Sail: I Main Course, or Main-
sail ; m Main Topsail : n Main Topgallant Sail ; O
Main Royal; /'Main Skvsail; qq M>iin Roval Studding
Sails; r r Main Topgallant Studding Sails; .« Main
Topmast Studding Sail ; t Mizzen Course, or Cross-
jack ; « Mizzen Topsail : v Mizzen Topgallant Sail ;
W Mizzen Royal; x Mizzen Skysail; y Spanker, partly
brailed in (the corresponding sails on the other masts
are the Fore Trvsail and Main Trysail); 1 1 1 Clew
Garnets; 22 2 Clew Lines: 3 Throat Brail of Spanker;
4 Middle Brail; 5 Foot Brail.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SAILABLE

372

SALUTER

the wind, for propelling a vessel through the
water ; a sailing vessel ; a craft ; a journey up-
on the water, — v. i. [Sailed (said) ; Sailing.]
To be conveyed in a vessel on water ; to begin
a voyage ; to move smoothly through the air. —
■v. t. To fly through ; to direct the motion of (a
vessel). — Sail'a-ble (sal'a-b'l), a. Admitting
of being passed through by ships ; navigable. —
Sail'er, n. A vessel ; — with qualifying words
descriptive of manner of sailing. — Sail/or (-er),
n. One who navigates ships ; a mariner ; a sea-
man. — SaiKboat', n. A boat propelled by sails.
— Sail/Cloth/ (-kl5th'), n. Duck or canvas used
in making sails. — Sail loft. A loft where sails
are made. — Sail yard. The yard or spar on
which sails are extended.

Saiilt (sant), n. A holy person; one of the
blessed in heaven. — v. t. To make a saint of ;
to canonize. — Saint'ed, a. Consecrated ; holy ;
entered into heaven. — Saint/ly (-ly), a. Like
a saint or holy person. — Saint'li-ness, n.

Sake (sak), n. Final cause ; end ; purpose ; rea-
son; account.

.Sal (sal), n. [L.] Salt ; — a word used in chem-
istry.

Sal'a-ble (sal'a-b'l), a. Capable of being sold ;
finding a ready market ; in demand. — Sal'a-
ble-ness, n. — Sal'a-bly, adv.

Sa-la'cious (sa-la'shiis), a. Lustful ; lewd. —
Sa-laCi-ty (-las'T-ty), n. Lust.

Sal'ad (sSl'ad), n. A preparation of vegetables
(lettuce, celery, onions, or the like) dressed with
salt, vinegar, oil, etc., and eaten to give relish to
other food.

LlSa-lam' (sa-lam'), n. A salutation of ceremony
in the East. [Written also salaam.']

Sal'a-man'der (sSl'a-mSn'der), n. A reptile re-
sembling lizards
and frogs, for-
merly believed
able to endure
fire without
harm. — Sal'a-

man'drlne

(-drln), a. Per-
taining to a salamander ; enduring fire.

Sal'a-ry (sal'a-ry), n. Recompense paid for serv-
ices; wages; allowance.— v. t. [Salaried (-rid);
Salaeying.] To fix or pay a salary to one.

Sale (sal), n. A selling ; transfer of property for
a price ; opportunity to sell ; demand ; market.

•Sal'e-ra'tUS (sSl'e-ra'tus), n. Aerated salt, or
baking soda, used in cookery, as a substitute
for yeast, in effervescing drinks, etc.

Sales'man (salz'man), n. ; pi. Salesmen. One
employed to sell goods.

Sal'ic (sal'Tk), a. According to a law excluding
women from inheritance.

Sa'li-ent (sa'lT-ent), a. Shooting out or up ; pro-
jecting; prominent. — n. A projection.

Sa-lif'er-OUS (sa-]Tf'er-us), a. Producing salt. —
Sal'i-li'a-bletsal'T-fi'a-b'l), a. Capable of com-
bining with an acid to form a salt. — Sal'i-fy
(-fi), y. t. [Salipied (-fid) ; Salifying.] To
form into a salt, as a base, by combining it with
an acid. — Sa'line (sa'lin or sa-lin'), a. Con-
sisting of, containing, or resembling, salt. — n.
A salt spring.

Sa-li/va (sa-li'va), n. An alkaline liquid secreted
by glands in the mouth ; spittle. — Sa-li'val
(-vrd), Sal'i-va-ry (sXl'T-vit-ry), a. Pertaining

Salamander.

to saliva ; secreting or conveying saliva. — Sal'-
i-vate (-vat), v. t. To produce excessive flow
of saliva, as by use of mercury. — Sal'i-va'tion
(-va'shfin), n. Continued flow of saliva.

Sal'lOW (sal'16), n. A kind of willow.

Sal'lOW (sal'lo), a. Of a pale, sickly color,
tinged with yellow. — Sal'low-ness, n.

Sal'ly (sSl'ly), v. i. [Sallied (-ITci) ; Sallying.]
To leap or rush out ; to issue suddenly ; to
burst forth. — n. ; pi. Sallies (-Hz). A leap-
ing forth ; a spring ; a sortie ; a frolic.

Sarma-gun'di (sal'ma-gunMY), n. A mixture of
chopped meat and pickled herring with condi-
ments ; an olio or medley ; a miscellany.

Salm'on (sam'fin), n. A food fish of northern
climates ; a reddish color, like the flesh of the
fish. — Salmon trout. A small fish resembling
the common salmon in color.

Salmon.

HSa'lon' (sa/l6N'), n. [F.] An apartment for
reception of company ; pi. fashionable society.

Sa-loon' (sa-16on'), n. A spacious apartment for
reception of company, public amusements,
works of art, etc. ; a barroom.

Sal'si-fy (sal'sT-fy), n. A plant like the parsnip ;
oyster plant.

Salt (salt), n. Chloride of sodium, a substance
found' in the earth, or left from evaporation of
sea water, and used for seasoning food, preserv-
ing meat, etc. ; flavor ; taste ; seasoning ; ar,
old sailor ; a chemical combination of an acid
with a base. — a. Impregnated with, abound-
ing in, or containing, salt ; prepared with, or
tasting of, salt. — v. t. To sprinkle, impreg-
nate, or season, with salt. — Salt'ness, n. —
Salt'ish, a. Somewhat salt. '

Salt'pe'ter (salt'pe'ter), Salt/pe'tre, n. A min-
eral salt consisting of nitric acid and potassa ;
niter, — used in making gunpowder, in curing
meat, and medicinally.

Salt' rheum' (salt' rum'). A skin disease ; ec-
zema.

Sa-lu'bri-OUS (sa-lu'brT-iis), a. Favorable to, or
promoting, health ; wholesome ; salutary. —
Sa-lu'bri-ous-ly, adv. — Sa-lu'bri-ous-ness,
Sa-lu'bri-ty (-ty), n.

Sal'U-ta-ry (s51'u-ta-ry), a. Promoting health or
public safety ; beneficial ; advantageous ; profit-
able. — Sal'u-ta-ri-ness, v.

Sal'U-ta'tion (sSl'u-ta'shun), n. A saluting ;
greeting; address.

Sa-lU'ta-tO'ri-an (sa-lu'ta-to'n-ffn), n. A student
of a college who pronounces the salutatory ora-
tion at the annual Commencement. — Sa-lu'ta-
to-ry (-lu'ta-to-rj?), a. Containing salutations ;
greeting; welcoming. — ?;. The salutatory or
opening oration at the Commencement of a col-
lege. [A>i)Pr.~]

Sa-lUte' (sa-lut'), v. t. To greet; to hail; to
kiss; to honor (a day, person, nation, etc.) by
discharging cannon, striking colors, etc. — n.
A saluting ; greeting. — Sa-lut'er, n.

11, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, u, H, y, abort ; eeu&te, 6 vent, tdea, 6bey, Anite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

SALVAGE

373

SAPIENT

Sal'vag© (sSl'vaj), ». Compensation for saving
a ship or her cargo ; property saved.

Sal-va'tioa (sSl-va'shun), n. A saving ; preser-
vation from destruction or calamity ; redemp-
tion of man from sin and from liability to eter-
nal death.

Salve (sav), n. A composition to be applied to
wounds or sores, —v. t. [Salved (s'avd) ; Salv-
ing.] To apply salve to ; to heal ; to soothe.

Sal'ver (sai'ver), n. A plate or waiter to present
anything on.

Sal'VO (sXl'vo), n. ; pi. Salvos (-voz). A general
discharge of firearms ; a volley.

Same (sam), a. Not different or other; iden-
tical ; similar. — Same'ness, n. State of being
the same ; identity ; monotony.

||Sam/0-var (s5m'6-var), n. A Russian tea urn.

Samp (simp), n. Maize broken coarse, boiled,
and eaten with milk ; hominy.

Sam/pMre (sSm'fir or sSm'fer), n. A fleshy herb
which grows on the sea-shore, used as a pickle.

Sam/pie (sSm'p'l), n. A part of anything pre-
sented as evidence of the quality of the whole ;
specimen ; example. — Sam/pier (-pier), n.
One who distributes things into samples for in-
spection ; a pattern of work.

San'a-ble (saVa-b'l), a. Capable of being healed ;
curable. — San'a-bil'i-ty (-bfi'T-ty), n. — San'-
a-tive (-ttv), San'a-tO-ry (-t6-rjf), a. Condu-
cive to health ; healing; curative.

SanCti-li-ca'tion (sank/tl-fT-ka'shun), n. A
sanctifying or making holy ; consecration. —
Sanc'ti-fy (-fi), v. t. [Sanctified (-fid) ; Sanc-
tifying.] To make sacred or holy ; to set apart
to religious use ; to secure from violation ; to
give sanction to. — Sanc'ti-fi'er, n.

Sanc'ti-mo'ni-OUS (sSnkaT-mo'nT-us), a. Pos-
sessing sanctimony ; sacred ; making a show of
sanctity ; hypocritically devout or pious. —
Sanc'ti-mo'ni-ous-ly, adv. — Sane ti-mo'ni-
ous-ness, n. — Sanc'ti-mo-ny (sXnk'ti-mo-ivjf),
n. Holiness ; affected devoutness.

Sanc'tion (sSnk'shun), n. Solemn ratification;
approbation ; authorization ; countenance ; sup-
port. — v. t. [Sanctioned (-shund) ; Sanc-
tioning.] To give validity to ; to authorize.

Sanc'ti-tude (s5nk'tT-tud), Sanc'ti-ty (-tf), n.
State of bein? sacred ; holiness ; solemnity.

Sanc'tu-a-ry (sSnk'tu-a-r^), n. ; pi. Sanctuaries
(-riz). A sacred place ; a place of refuge.

Sanc'tum (sSnk'tum), n. A sacred place ; a re-
treat for privacy.

Sand (sa"nd), n. Stone in fine particles, but not
reduced to powder ; pi. tracts of land consist-
ing of sand. — v. t. To sprinkle or cover with
sand. — Sand bag. A bag filled with sand for
use in fortifications or as ballast, also as a club
which leaves no bruise. — Sand bath. A chem-
ist's box filled with hot sand, in which to immerse
vessels that are to be heated ; an immersing the
body in hot sand. — Sand blast. An engrav-
ing glass, metals, etc., by driving a jet of sand
upon their surface. — Sand box. A box hold-
ing sand for sprinkling paper, railroad tracks,
etc. — Sand Storm. A cloud of sand driven
by the wind.

San'dal (san'dal), n. A kind of shoe, slipper, or
overshoe.

San'dal-WOOd' (saVdal-wdod'), n. An East In-
dian and Polynesian tree, and its fragrant, yel-
lowish wood.

Sand'i-ness ( sand'i-nes ), n. State of being

sandy, or of a sandy color.
Sand'pa'per (sand'pa'per), n. Paper covered on

one side with a gritty substance, for polishing.

— v. t. To smooth (wood, etc.) with sandpaper.
Sand'Stone' (sand'ston'), n. A rock made of

sand more or less firmly united.

Sand'wich (sand'wich), n. Two pieces of bread
and butter, with a slice of meat, cheese, etc.,
between them.— v. t. [Sandwiched (-wlcht) ;
Sandwiching.] To make into a sandwich; to
form of alternating layers of different nature.

Sand'y (sand'y), a. Consisting of, abounding
with, or like, sand ; of a yellowish red color.

Sane (san), a. In a sound condition ; not disor-
dered in intellect ; in one's right mind. — Sane-
ly, adv. — Sane'ness, San'i-ty (s5n'T-ty), n.

Sang, imp. of Sing, v. i. & t.

San/ga-ree/ (.s3n/ga-re'), n. Wine and water
sweetened and spiced.

[Sang'-froid' (skN/frwa'), n. [F., cold blood.]
Freedom from agitation of mind ; coolness.

San-guif/er-OUS (s&n-gwTi'er-us), a. Conveying
blood. — San'gui-fi-ca'tion (saVgwi-fT-ka'-
shun), n. Production of blood. — San'gui-fy
(sSn'gwf-fl), v. i. To produce blood. — San'-
gni-fi/er (-fl'er), n. — San'gui-na-ry (-na-ry),
a. Bloody; eager to shed blood -, murderous.

San'guine (sXn'gwin), a. Red, like blood ; full
of blood ; warm ; lively ; hopeful. — San'guine-
ly, adv. — San'guine-ness, n. — San-guin'e-
OUS (sXn-gwTn'e-us), a. Abounding with blood ;
pertaining to blood ; blood-red ; crimson.

San'he-drin (sXn'he-dnn), or -drim (-drim), n.
The supreme religious council of the Jews.

USa'ni-es (sa'nT-ez), n. A thin, watery flui'l dis-
charged from ulcers or wounds. — Sa'ni ous
(-us), a. Pertaining to, or discharging, sanies.

San'i-ta-ry (s5n'i-ta-ry), a. Pertaining to, or
designed to secure, sanity or health ; relating to
the preservation of health ; hygienic. —Sani-
tation (-ta'shun), n. Preservation of health ;
use of sanitary measures ; hygiene.

San'i-ty (saVT-t^), n. Condition of being sane ;
soundness of body or mind, esp. the latter.

Sank, imp. of' Sink.

San'scrit, n. See Sanskrit.

llSans'-CU'lotte'tF. saN'ku'16-f ; E. sXnz'ku-lot'),
n. [F., without breeches.] A ragged fellow ;
an extreme republican in the first French revo-
lution ; a revolutionist ; a radical.

San'skrit (sXn'skrit), n. The obsolete ancient
language of the Hindoos. — a. Pertaining to,
or expressed in, Sanskrit.

Sap (sSp), n. The juice of plants ; the alburnum
of a tree ; sapwood ; a simpleton. — Sap'less
(sSp'ISs), a. Destitute of sap ; dry ; old ; with-
ered. — Sap'ling, n. A young tree. — Sap'py
(sap'pjr), a. [Sappier; Sappiest.] Abounding
with sap ; juicy ; succulent ; not firm or mature ;
young ; weak in intellect; silly. — Sap'pi-ness. n.

Sap (sap), v. t. & i. [Sapped (sapt) ; Sapping.] To
subvert by digging ; to undermine. — n. An
approach made to a fortified place by covered
dicrcring. — Sap'per, n.

Sap'id (sSp'id), a. Possessing savor or flavor.

— Sap'id-ness. Sa-pid'i-ty (sa-pTd'T-tj), n.
Sa'pi-ence (sa'pl-ens), n. Quality of being sapi-
ent ; wisdom. — Sarpi-ent (-ent), a. Having
wisdom ; discerning ; sagacious ; knowing ; sup-
posing one's self wise.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SAPONACEOUS

374

SAUCE

Sap'O-na'ceous (sap'6-na'shiis), a. Resembling
soap ; soapy. — Sa-pon'i-li-ca'tion (sa-pon'I-f I-
ka'shiin), n. A converting into soap. — Sa-
pon'i-fy (-pon'I-fi), v. t. [Saponified (-fid) ;
Saponifying.] To convert into soap.

llSa'por (i-a'por), n. Taste ; flavor ; savor. —
Sap'O-rif ic (say6-rTf'Tk), a. Producing flavor.

Sap'phiC (sal'Ik), a. Pertaining to Sappho, a
Grecian poetess, or to a kind of verse used by
her.

Sap'phire (sSflr or safer), n. Pure, crystallized
alumina, a precious stone ; corundum.

Sap'sa-gO (sap'sa-go), n. A Swiss cheese of dark
green color.

Sar'a-band (sar'a-band), n. A Spanish dance, to
an air in triple time.

Sar'a-cen (sar'a-sen), n. An Arabian ; a Mus-
sulman. — Sar'a-cen'ic (-sgu'lk), Sar'a-cen'ic-
al (-I-k«l), a. Of or pertaining to the Sara-
cens, or to their architecture.

Sar'casm (siir'kaz'ni), n. A satirical remark ;
irony ; taunt ; gibe. — Sar-Cas'tic (sar-kaV-
tik), Sar-cas'tic-al (-tl-kal), a. Bitterly satir-
ical ; severe. — Sar-cas'tic-al-ly, adv.

Sar-COl'0-gy (sar-kol'6-jy), n. Anatomy of the
soft parts of the body. — Sar-COph'a-gOUS
(-k5f'a-gfis), a. Feeding on flesh. — Sar-coph/-
a-gus (-gus), n. A species of limestone used
among the Greeks for coffins, because it con-
sumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it ; a
coffin, or tomb.

Sar'dine (sar'den or sar-den'), n. A small salt-
water fish, of the Herring family, put up with
©live oil as a delicacy.

Sardine.

Sar'dine (sar'din or -din), Sar'dl-US (-dt-iis), n.
A precious stone, probably a carnelian, set in
Aaron's breastplate.

Sar-don'ic (sar-don'Tk), a. Forced, heartless, or
bitter ; — said of a laugh ; concealing bitterness
of heart ; mocking.

Sar'do-nyx (sar'do-mks), n. A silicious stone,
allied to onyx, of a reddish yellow color.

Sar-gas'SO (saT-eSs'so), n. The floating seaweed
of the North Atlantic.

Sar'sa-pa-ril'la (sar'sa-pa-rTna), n. A tropical
American plant, whose rootstock is used in
medicine.

Sash (sJCsh), n. An ornamental belt; a band
about the waist or over the shoulder ; a girdle.

Sash (sash), ??. The frame of a window, inclosing
the panes of glass ; the frame straining; and
working the saw in a sawmill.—?'. /. [Sashed
(sSsht) ; Sashing.] To furnish with sashes.

Sas'sa-fras (s&Vsa-frXs), n. An American tree
of the Laurel family, whose bark has an aro-
matic smell and taste.

Sat, imp. of Sit.

Sa'tan (.sa'tmi ; safan, ob.t.), n. The grand ad-
versary of man ; the devil. — Sa-tan'ic (sa-
tXn'Tk), Sa-tan'ic-al (-Y-kal), a. Like Satan ;

devilish; infernal. - Sa-tan'lC-al-ly, adv.

Satch'el (sach'Sl), n. A little sack or bag.

Sate (sat), v. t. [Sated ; Sating.] To satisfy
the desire or appetite of ; to satiate ; to glut.

Sat'el-lite (saVel-lit), n. A small planet revolv-
ing round another ; an obsequious follower.

Sa'ti-ate (sa'shT-at), v. t. To satisfy the appetite
or desire of ; to fill to repletion or loathing ; to
sate ; to cloy ; to gorge ; to surfeit ; to glut. —
Sa'ti-ate (-at), a. Filled to satiety; glutted.

— Sa'ti-a'tion (-a'shfin), Sa-ti'e-ty (sa-ti'e-tjf ),
n. Repletion ; surfeit ; cloyment.

Safin (sat'in), n. A glossy silk cloth. — Safi-
nef (sSt/i-n6f ), n. A thin species of satin ; a
cloth of cotton warp and woolen filling.

Saf ire (sStlr ; in Eng. often saVer), n. A dis-
course or poem rebuking vice or folly ; severity
of remark ; sarcasm ; irony ; ridicule ; bur-
lesque. — Sa-tir'ic (sa-tTr'lk), Sa-tir'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Of the nature of satire ; severe in
language ; cutting ; bitter ; abusive. — Sa-tir'-
ic-al-ly, adv. — Saf ir-iSt (sSf er-Tst), n. One
who writes satire. — Saf ir-ize (-iz), v. t. [Sat-
irized (-Izd) ; Satirizing.] To make the object
of satire ; to censure severely.

Safis-fac'tion (s5fTs-f5k'shun), n. A satisfy-
ing ; gratification of desire ; settlement of a
claim, due, demand, etc. ; recompense ; amends ;
atonement. — Safis-fac'to-ry (-to-rjf), a. Giv-
ing or producing satisfaction ; making amends or
recompense. — Sat'li-fac'tO-rHy (-rl-ly), adv.

— Saf is-fac'to-ri-ness, n. — Safis-ry (saVTs-
fi), v. t. [Satisfied (-fid) ; Satisfying.] To
content ; to answer or discharge (a claim, debt,
etc.); to free from doubt, suspense, or uncer-
tainty ; to give assurance to. — v. i. To give
satisfaction ; to supply to the full ; to atone.

Sa'trap (sa'trap or s5f rap), n. The governor of
a province in ancient Persia ; a petty despot. —
Sa'tra-py (sa'trSp-y" or sSt'ra-py), n. The ju-
risdiction of a satrap.

Saf U-ra-Dle (saf u-ra-b'l), a. Admitting of being
saturated. — Saf U-rate (-rat), v. t. To com-
pletely penetrate or soak. — Saf U-ra'tion (-ra'-
shun), n. A saturating ; complete penetration
or impregnation.

Safur-day (s2t'ur-da), n. The seventh or last
day of the week.

Safurn(s5t'urn), n. A Roman deity, father of
Jupiter ; a remote planet of the solar system. —
I Saf ur-nali-a (safur-na'11-a), n. pi. The fes-
tival of Saturn ; an occasion of general license
or excess. — Saf ur-na'li-an (-an), a. Pertain-
ing to the Saturnalia ; riotously merry. — Sa-
tur'ni-an (^a-tfir'nT-an), a. Pertaining to Sat-
urn, or to his reign, called the golden age. —
Safur-nine (sSt'ur-nin),
a. Under the influence of
the planet Saturn; dull;
heavy ; grave.

Sa'tyr (sa'ter), n. A myth-
ological sylvan deity, part
man and part goat. — Sa-
tyr'iC (sa-tTr'Tk), a. Per-
taining to satyrs.

Sauce (sas), n. Something
used to give relish to food ;
garden vegetables ; imper-
tinence. — r. t. [Sauced
(sast) ; Saucing.] To give
zest, flavor, or interest to ; Satyr,

to be impertinent to. —

a, e, 1, o, O, long; &, 6, 1, 8, tt, y, short; senate, Svent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

SAUCEBOX

375

SCALE

SaUCe'bOX' (<ayboks'), n. A saucy fellow ; a
pert child. — Sau'cy (sa'sy), a. [Saucieb;
Sauciest;] Bold to excess ; insolent ; rude. —
Sau'cl-ly (-si-l^), adv. — Sau'ci-ness, n.

Sau'cer (sa/ser), n. A small dish, to hold a cup.

||Sauer/kraut/ (sour'krout/), n. Cabbage pre-
served in brine, and allowed to ferment.

Saun'ter (san'ter), v. i. [Sauntered (-terd) ;
Sauntering.] To wander about idly ; to loiter ;
to wander. — Saun'ter-er, n.

Sau'ri-an (sa'rl-an), a. Pertaining to the lizard
kind. — n." A reptile covered with scales, and
having four legs.

San/ sage (sa'saj), n. A roll of meat minced,
seasoned, and inclosed in a skin.

Sau'terne' (so'taTn'), n. A French white wine.

Sav'a-ble (sav'a-b'l), a. Capable of being saved.

Sav'age (sSv'aj), a. Pertaining to the forest ;
wild ; rude ; brutish ; cruel ; fierce ; merciless ;
murderous. — n. An uncivilized person ; a bar-
barian. — Sav'age-ly, adv. — Sav'age-ness, n.

— Sav'age-ry (-ry), n. State of being savage ;
cruelty ; barbarity.

Sa-van'na (sa-vau'na), n. An extensive open

plain.
llSa'vanf (sa'vaN'), n. ; pi. Savants (F. saA-aN' ;

E. sa'vaNz'). A man of learning.
Save (sav), v. t. [Saved (savd) ; Saving.] To

make safe ; to preserve ; to lay up ; to spare. —

v. i. To hinder expense ; to be economical. —

frep. Except ; excepting ; not including. —
av'er (saVer), n. — Sav'ing, a. Preserving ;
avoiding unnecessary expense ; frugal ; econom-
ical, —prep, or conj. With the exception of ;
in lavor of ; without disrespect to. — n. Some-
thing kept -from expenditure or loss. — Savings
bank- A bank in which savings or earnings
may be deposited at interest. — Sav'ing-ly,
adv. — SaVing-ness, n. Frugality.

Sav'ior (sav'yer), SaViour, n. One who saves or
delivers ; he who brings salvation to men, Jesus
Christ, the Redeemer.

Sa'VOI (sa'ver), n. Taste ; flavor ; odor ; scent ;
smell. — 1>. i. [Savored (-verd) ; Savoring.]
To have a particular smell or taste ; to indicate
the presence or influence. — Sa'vor-less, a.
Having no savor; insipid. — Sa'vor-y (-f), a.
Having savor ; pleasing to the taste or smell. —
n. An aromatic plant, used in cooking. — Sa'-
vor-l-ly, adv. — Sa'vor-i-ness, n.

Sa-voy' (sa-voi'), n. A variety of cabbage, hav-
ing curled leaves,
cultivated for win-
ter use.

Saw, imp. of See.

Saw (sa), n. Some-
thing said ; a prov-
erb ; a maxim.

Saw, n. A cutting
instrument, consist-
ing of a thin steel blade, with sharp teeth on one
edge. — v. 1. & i. [imp. Sawed (sad) ; p. p.
Sawed or SAWN(san) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sawing.]
To cut, separate, or form by cutting, with a saw.

— Saw'dust' (-dust/), n. Dust or small frag-
ments of wood, stone, etc., made by the cutting
of a saw. — Saw'flsh/ (-fish'), n. A sharklike
fish, having the upper jaw prolonged into a long
beak, with teeth along both edges. — Saw'f ly'
(-fli'), n. An insect, the female of which has
an ovipositor for boring holes for her eggs in

Savoy Cabbage

stems of plants. — Saw'mllP (-mTP), n. A
mill for sawing (timber, marble, etc.). — Saw
pit. A pit over which timber is sawed by two
men, one standing below the timber and the
other above. — Saw'yer (-yer), n. One who
saws timber ; a tree, fallen into a stream, but
held by the roots, with its branches rocking
above the surface of the water. [U. £.]

Sax'i-frage (sSks'T-fraj), n. A plant of many
species, growing among rocks. — Sax-if'ra-gOUS
(sSks-Tf'ra-giis), a. Dissolving stone, esp. stone
in the bladder.

Sax'on (saks'un or -'n), n. One of a northern
German race, who anciently invaded England ;
a native of Saxony ; the language of the Saxons ;
Anglo-Saxon. — a. Pertaining to the Saxons,
their country, or their language, also to Saxony
or its inhabitants. — Sax'on-ism (-tz'm), n.
An idiom of the Saxon language.

Say (sa), v. t. [Said (sed), contr. from obs. Sayed;
Saying. ] To utter in words ; to tell ; to re-
peat; to recite. — n. A speech; something
said. — Say'lng, n. Thing said ; an expression ;
a maxim ; a saw.

Scab (skao), n. An incrustation over a sore or
wound ; the itch or mange in sheep.

Scabbard (skSb'berd), n. The case covering the
blade of a sword ; a sheath.

Scabbed (skSb'bgd or skSbd), a. Abounding
with scabs ; mean ; vile. — Scab'bed-ness, n.

ScaVby (skSb'b^), a. [Scabbd3r (-bl-er) ; Scab-
biest.] Affected with scabs ; diseased with the
mange ; mangy ; disgusting. — Scab'bi-ness, n.

Sca'bi-OUS (ska'bT-Qs), a. Consisting of scabs ;
rough ; itchy.

Sca'brous (ska'brus), a. Having hard, short
points; rough ; rugged. — Sca'broUS-nesS, n.

Scaffold (skXf'fold), n. A staging for support-
ing workmen and materials, in building, etc. ; a
platform for the execution of a criminal. — v. t.
To furnish with a scaffold. — Scaf'fold-lng, n.
A frame for temporary support ; materials for
scaffolds.

Scagl-lc/la (skSl-yola), n. Stucco in imitation
of marble.

Scal'a-ble ( skal'a-b'l ), a. Capable of being
scaled.

Sca-lade7 (ska-lad'), n. An assault on a besieged
place with ladders ; an escalade.

Scal'a-wag (skSl'a-wSg), n. A scamp; a scape-
grace. {Colloq. U. £.]

Scald (skald), v. t. To burn with hot liquid. —
n. A burn by hot liquid, or by steam.

Scald (skald), n. Scurf on the head ; scab. — a.
Scabby. —Scald head. A disease in which the
scalp is covered with pustules, followed by
scabs, and falling out of the hair.

Scald (skSld or skald), n. A poet or bard among
the Norsemen. — Scald'lc, a. Pertaining to
the seal Is. [Written also skald, skaldic.']

Scale (skal), n. The dish of a balance ; an in-
strument for weighing ; — chiefly in pi. — v. t.
[Scaled (skald) ; Scaling.] To weigh or meas-
ure (so many pounds, feet, etc.) ; to grade, vary,
or reduce (a debt, tax, etc. ) according to a scale or
system. — Scale'beanV (-bem'), n. The beam or
lover of a balance or platform scale ; a weighing
apparatus with a sliding weight.

Scale (skal), n. One of the thin, bony pieces form-
ing the covering of fishes and reptiles ; a thin,
layer or leaf of metal, etc. ; an incrustation in

f0rn, recent, drb, r\jde, f^iUi <lrni food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SCALE

376

SCARLET FEVER

a vessel in which water is heated, or on the sur-
face of metals. — v. t. To clear off scales from ;
to pare off (a surface). — v. i. To separate and
come off in thin layers. — Scale'leSS (skal'les),
a. Destitute of scales.

Scale (skal), n. A ladder ; series of steps ; any-
thing graduated, as a measure or rule ; in music,
a gamut, or graduating series of all tones, from
the keytone to its octave ; gradation ; compara-
tive rank or order ; relative dimensions. — v. t.
[Scaled (skald) ; Scaling.] To climb by a lad-
der ; to clamber up.

Sca-lene' (ska-leu'), a. Having
the sides and angles unequal ;
— said of a triangle.

Sca'li-ness(ska'll-n6s),n. The Scalene'i^£
state of being scaly.

Scal'lion (skSl'yun), n. A plant allied to the
g.irlic and onion ; eschalot ; shallot.

Scal'lop (skSl'lup), n. A marine shellfish or bi-
valve mollusk, whose shell was formerly worn
by pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the
Holy Land ; a curving edge like the surface of
a scallop shell. — v. t. [Scalloped (-lupt) ;
Scalloping.] To mark the edge or border of
into segments of circles.

Scalp (skalp), ra. The skin on top of the head,
usually covered with hair ; the skin of the head,
torn off by Indian warriors as a trophy. — v. t.
[Scalped (skalpt) ; Scalping.] To tear the
scalp from. — v. i. To make small, quick profits
by slight fluctuations of the market. — Scal'pel
(-pel), 7i. A knife used in dissections and sur-
gical operations.

Scalpel.

Scal'y (skal^), a. Covered or abounding with
scales; rough; mean or scabby. [Colloq.~\

Scam1)le (skSm'b'l), v. i. To stir quickly ; to be
awkward. — v. t. To mangle ; to maul.

Scam/mo-ny (sk5m'm6-ny), n. A plant of the
bindweed kind, whose root yields a cathartic sap.

Scamp (skSmp), 7i. A rascal ; a scoundrel, —v. t.
[Scamped ( skSmt ) ; Scamping.] To perform
(work, etc.) hastily or imperfectly. — Scamp'-
ish, a. Like a scamp ; rascally.

Scam'per (skam'per), v. i. [Scampered (-perd) ;
Scampering.] To run away speedily ; to move
hurriedly. — n. A run ; hasty flight.

Scan (sk5n), v. t. [Scanned (skSnd) ; Scanning.]
To mount by steps ; to go through with (a verse
in poetry) marking the feet which compose it ;
to examine carefully ; to scrutinize.

Scan'dal (sk$n'dal), 7i. Reproach for what is
wrong ; defamatory speech ; detraction ; slan-
der; shame; disgrace. — Scan'dal-ize ( -iz ),
v. t. [Scandalized (-izd) ; Scandalizing.] To
give offense to ; to shock ; to reproach ; to de-
fame. — Scan'dal-OUS (-us), a. Giving offense ;
disgraceful ; shameful ; base. — Scan'dal-ons-
ly, adv. — Scan'dal-ous-ness, n.

Scan'sloil (skah'shnn), n. The act of scanning.

Scan-SO'ri-al ( skSn-so'rT-rtl ), a. Climbing or
adapted to climbing ; — said of birds.

Scant (skint), a. Not full or plentiful; insuf-
ficient. — r. t. To limit ; to straiten ; to make
scanty. —c £ To fail. — Scant'ly, adv. —
Scant'ness, n. — Scant'y (-?). a. [Scantier

Scape of Plantain.

(-T-er) ; Scantiest.] Scant; hardly sufficient;
narrow ; small ; niggardly ; penurious. —
Scant'i-ly, adv. — Scant'i-ness, n. •

Scant'ling (skant'ling), 71. A timber cut of a
small size, as for studs, rails, etc.

Scape (skap), v. t. & i. To escape. — n. Escape.
[Obs. ox poet. ~\

Scape (skap), 7i. A peduncle
rising from the ground or a
subterranean stem, as in
stemless violets.

Scape'goat' (skap'gof), n. A
goat upon whose head the
Jewish priests symbolically
placed the sins of the people,
then turning him into the
wilderness; one made to
bear blame due to others.

Scape'grace (skap'graV), ?i. A graceless fellow ;
one wild and reckless.

Scap'u-la (sk5p'u-la), n. ; pi. Scapula (-le), E.
Scapulas (-laz). [L.] The shoulder blade. —
Scap'U-lar (-lei), a. Pertaining to the shoul-
der or to the scapula. — Scap'u-lar, Scap'u-
la-ry (-la-r^), n. A sleeveless vestment worn
by certain religious orders ; a bandage for the
shoulder.

Scar (skar), n. A mark remaining after a wound
is healed ; a blemish. — v. t. [Scarred (skard) ;
Scarring.] To mark with scars.

Scarce (skSrs), a. [Scarcer (skars'er) ; Scar-
cest.] Not plentiful ; not easily procured ; rare ;
uncommon. — Scarce, Scarce'ly, adv. With
difficulty ; hardly ; barely ; but just. — Scarce'-
ness, Scar'ci-ty (skSr'sT-ty), n.

Scare (skSr), v. t. [Scared (skSrd) ; Scaring.]
To terrify suddenly ; to frighten ; to alarm ; to
terrify. — n. Fright ; panic ; groundless alarm.

— Scare'crow' ( skaVkro' ), n. Anything set
up to frighten crows from cornfields ; anything
terrifying without danger ; a ragged fellow.

Scarf (skarf), n. ; pi. Scarps (skarfs) or Scarves
(skarvz). A light and decorative piece of dress,
worn over the shoulders or neck.

Scarf (skarf), v. t. [Scarfed (sk'arft) ; Scarp-
ing.] To cut a scarf on ; to unite by a scarf
joint. —7i. Part of a timber, bar, etc., tapered
or notched so as to form a scarf joint with an-
other piece. — Scarf joint A joint made by
overlapping, bolting, or
locking together ends of
timbers cut to fit each
other, or by welding,
riveting, or brazing to-
gether the overlapping
ends of metal rods,
sheets, etc.

Scarf'skin' (skarf/- skin'),
7i. The cuticle; the
epidermis.

Scari-fi-ca'tion (skar'T-fT-ka'shun), n. A slight
incision in the skin. — Scar'i-fi-ca'tor (skaVI-
fY-ka'ter), n. An instrument for scarifying. —
Scar'i-fy (-fi), v. t. [Scarified (-fid) ; Scarify-
ing.] To scratch or cut the skin of ; to stir the
surface soil of. — Scar'i-fi'er, 7i.

Scar la-ti'na (skar'la-te'na), n. Scarlet fever.

Scar'let (skaVlgt), n. An orange-red color; cloth
of a scarlet color. — a. Of an orange-red color.

— Scarlet fever. A contagious disease, char-
acterized by a scarlet rash.

f

h

1 h

■

1* 6-

-a — =i.

12

— J

Modes of Scarfing.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; sen&te, Svent, tdea, 6bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SCARP

377

SCIRRHUS

Scarp (skarp), n. Interior slope of a ditch near-
est the parapet. — r. t. [Scarped (skarpt) ;
Scarping.] To cut down perpendicularly.

Scath ( skXth ), n. Damage ; injury ; waste ;
harm. — Scath (skSth), Scathe (skath), v. t.
[Scathed (skStht or skathd) ; ScATmNG (skaW-
Tng or skatb/Tng).] To injure; to destroy. —
Scath'ful(sk5th'ful),a. Injurious; destructive.

— Scath'less, a. Without damage ; unharmed.
Scat'ter (skSt/ter), v. t. & i. [Scattered (-terd) ;

Scattering.] To strew about ; to disperse ; to
spread ; to sprinkle. — Scat'ter-brain' (-bran'),
n. A giddy or thoughtless person.

Scant (skar), n. A precipitous bank or rock ; a
scar.

Scav'en-ger (skaVSn-jer), n. One employed in
cleaning streets and carrying off filth.

Scene (sen), n. The structure on which a play is
exhibited ; stage ; one of the devices used to
give appearance of reality to a play ; a portion
of a play, subordinate to the act ; circumstances
in which anything is imagined to occur ; an as-
semblage of objects presented to the view at
once; spectacle; show; view; exhibition of
passionate feeling, esp. when done for effect. —
Scen'er-y (-er-^), n. Assemblage of scenes in
a play ; landscape ; general aspect.

Scen'ic (sen'ik or senlk), Scen'ic-al (-T-kcl), a.

Pertaining to scenery ; theatrical.

Scent (s5nt), v. t. To perceive by the organs of
smell ; to perfume. — n. Odor ; sense of smell ;
chase followed by the scent ; track. — Scent'-
less (-18s), a. Having no scent ; inodorous.

Scep'ter (sep'ter), Scep'tre, n. A king's
staff borne as a badge of authority ; royal
power. — v. t. [Sceptered or Sceptred ;
Sceptering or Sceptring.] To invest with
royal authority.

Scep'tic (skgp'ttk), n. See Skeptic.

Sched'ule (skSd'ul ; in Eng. commonly shed'-
ul), n. A document ; formal list or inven-
tory ; a time table. — v. t. To enroll ; to
enumerate.

Scheik (shek or shak), n. See Sheik. f

Scheme (skem), n. A combination of things Sce_.
connected by design ; plan ; project ; con- ter_
trivance ; purpose ; plot. — v. t. & i.
[Schemed (skemd) ; Scheming.] To plan ; to
contrive ; to project. — Schem'er, Schem'lst,

n. One who schemes ; a projector ; an intriguer.

Schle-dam' (ske-dXm'), n. Holland gin.

Schil'ling (shilling), n. A small German and
Dutch coin.

Schism (slz'm), n. Division ; esp., permanent
separation in the Christian church, from diver-
sity of opinions, or other reason. — SchlS-mat'-
ic ( siz-mStTk ), Schis-mat'ic-al (-I-kal), a.
Pertaining to, implying, or tending to, schism.

— Schls-mat'ic, n. Oue who separates from an
established church or religious faith ; a heretic.

Schist (shlst), n. A crystalline rock of a slaty
structure.

Schnapps (<?. Bhnaps; E. shnSps), n. Holland
gin.

Schol'ar (skSPer), n. One who attends a school
or learns of a teacher ; a learner ; a disciple ; a
learned person; a pedant. — SchoPar-ly My),
a. Like or becoming a scholar. — Schol'ar-shlp
(-ship), n. Character of a scholar ; attainments
in science or literature ; learning ; erudition ;
a foundation for support of students.

Scho-las'tic ( skt-ifc'tTk ), Scho-las'tic-al (-tT-
k«l), a. Pertaining to a scholar, or schools,
also to the schoolmen, or philosophers of the-
Middle Ages ; pedantic ; formal. — Scho-las'-
tic-al-ly, adv. — Scho-las'ti-cism (-tl-slz'm),

n. Scholastic formality.

SclH/li-ast (sko'li-ast), n. A commentator or an-
notator. — Scho'li-as'tic (-as'tik), a. Pertain-
ing to a scholiast.

Scho'li-um (skolT-um), /?. ; pi. L. Scholia (-a) ;
E. Scholiums (-umz). A marginal annotation ;
a remark subjoined to a mathematical demon-
stration.

School (skool), n. A shoal (of fish).

School (skool), n. A place for instruction ; an
institution for learning, esp. one of a grade be-
low a college or university ; an assemblage of
scholars ; the disciples or followers of a teacher ;
a sect in philosophy, theology, science, etc. —
v. t. [Schooled (skoold); Schooling.] To
instruct or train ; to tutor ; to chide. — SchOOl'-
DOOk' (-book'), n. A book used in school for
learning lessons. — School'boy' (-boi'), n. A
boy who attends a school. — School'fel'low
(-fSPlo), n. One bred at the same school aa
another. — SchooPhOUSe7 (-hous'), n. A house
for the use of a school. .— School'lng, n. In-
struction ; tuition ; reproof ; compensation for
instruction. —Scheol'man (-man), n. One
versed in scholastic divinity ; a pedant. —
School'mas'ter (-master), SchooPmis'tress.
(-mis'trgs), 7K A man, or a woman, teacher.

Schoon'er (skoon'er), n. A sharp-built vessel, hav-
ing two or more masts, with fore-and-aft sails.

Sci'a-graph (sl'a-graf), n. A radiograph.

Sd-ag'ra-phy (sl-Sg'ra-fJ), n. The drawing of
shadows as they fall in nature ; the vertical sec-
tion of a building.

Sci-at'ic (st-aVTk), a. Pertaining to the hip. —
n. Sciatica. — Sci-at'1-ca (-i-ka), n. Neuralgia
in the hip joint.

ScPence (si'ens), n. Knowledge ; comprehensive
information ; classified and established knowl-
edge ; skill. — ScPen-tlf'ic (sI'gn-tTf'Tk), a.
Agreeing with, or depending on, principles of
science.— ScPen-tif'ic-al-ly, adv. — Sci'en-tlst

(-tist), n. A scientific investigator : a savant.

Scim/i-ter (simT-ter), n. A sword with a curved
blade, edged on the
convex side. [Writ-
ten also cimeter and
sci/metar.~\

iScin-tiPla (sTn-tTl'- Scimlter-

la), n. Spark ; tittle ; least particle. — Scin'til-
lant (sTn'til-1/mt), a. Sparkling. — Scin'tll-late
(-lat), v. i. To emit sparks ; to sparkle. — Scin'-
tll-la'tlon ( -la'shun ), n. A scintillating or
twinkling.

ScPo-llsm (sPo-liz'm), n. Superficial knowledge.
— Sci'O-llSt (-list), n. One who knows super-
ficially ; a smatterer.

ScPon (si'un), 7i. A shoot or twig of a plant ; a
scion ; a sucker ; a descendant ; an heir. [For-
merly written don and cyon.]

Scir-rhOS'i-ty (sk!r-r5sT-ty), n. A morbid hard-
ening (of a gland, etc.). — Scir'rhous (skTr'-
rus), a. Proceeding from, or resembling, scir-
rhus ; indurated ; knotty. — Scir'rhus ( *kTr '-
rSs), n. ; pi. L. Scirrhi (-ri), E. Scirrhi-ses
(-rus-ez). A hardened gland or other part ; a
hard, cancerous growth in the flesh.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin,

SCISSEL

378

SCRATCH

Scis'sel (sis'sgl), n. Clippings of metals.

Scis'sile (sTs'sil), a. Capable of being cut.

Scis'sion (sizh'un), n. A cutting.

Scis'sor (slz'zer), v. t. To cut with scissors or
shears ; to clip. — Scis'SOTS (-zerz), n. pi. A
cutting instrument consisting of two blades
movable on a pivot.

SciS'SUie (sizh'ur), n. A longitudinal opening
made by cutting ; a cleft.

Sclav (sklav or skiSv), Scla-vo'ni-an (skla-vo'-
m-an), etc. See Slav, etc.

Scie-rot'ic ( skle - rot ' Tk ), a. Hard ; firm. — n.
The outer coat of the eye.

Scoff (sk5f), n. Derision ; sneer ; mockery, — v. i.
[Scoffed (skSft) ; Scoffing.] To show insolent
ridicule ; to sneer ; to mock ; to jeer. — v. t.
To mock at. — Scoff 'er, n. — Scoff 'ing-ly, adv.

Scold (skold), v. i. & t. To find fault ; to chide.
— n. One who scolds ; a shrew. — Scold'er, n.

Scol'lop (skSllup), n. & v. See Scallop.

Sconce (skSns), n. A fortification ; a fort ; a hel-
met ; the head ; the skull ; sense ; a candlestick.

Scoop (skobp), n. A large ladle ; a basinlike
cavity; a sweep; a stroke; a swoop, —v. t.
[Scooped (skobpt) ; Scooping.] To take out
with a scoop, or with a sweeping motion ; to
empty by lading ; to hollow ; to excavate. —
Scoop net. A hand net.

Scoot (skobt), v. i. To go hastily ; to run. [Col-
log. U. 5.]

Scope (skop), n. That at which one aims ; room
for free outlook ; free course ; extent ; sweep ;
purpose ; intentionj object ; drift.

Scorbu'tic (sk6r-bu'tTk), Scor-bu'tic-al (-tT-
kol), a. Of or pertaining to scurvy.

Scorch (sk&rch), v. t. & i. [Scorched (sk8rcht) ;
Scorching.] To burn on the surface ; to parch ;
to dry up.

Score (skor), n. A notch ; a tally ; an account ;
indebtedness ; account ; the number 20. — r. t.
To mark with lines, notches, or furrows ; to re-
cord ; to change. — Scor'er, n.

||SC0'ri-a (sko'rT-a), n. ; pi. Scorle (-e). Refuse
of melted metals ; slag ; dross. — SCO ri-a'ceous
(-a/shus), a. Pertaining to scoria ; drossy. —
ScoTi-fl-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shun,), n. A reducing
a body to scoria. — Sco'ri-fy (-fi), v . I. [Sco-
rified (-fid) ; Scorifying.] To reduce to dross.

Scorn (skSrn), n. Extreme contempt ; an object
of extreme disdain ; contumely ; slight ; dis-
honor. — v. /. [Scorned (sk6rnd) ; Scorning.]
To hold in contempt ; to despise ; to neglect ;
to disregard. — Scom'er, n. — Scom'ful (-ful),
a. Contemptuous ; reproachful ; insolent. —
Scorn'ful-ly, adv. — Scorn'ful-ness, n.

Scor'pl-on (sk&r'pT-un), n. A spiderlike animal,
wh ose jointed
tail terminates
in a sting; the
eighth sign
of t h e zodiac,
marked thus
[1T\] in alma-
nacs, and called Scorpion,
also Scorpio.

Scot (sk5t), n. A tax or contribution ; a fine.

Scot (sk5t), n. A native of Scotland. —Scotch
(skScli), n. Pertaining to Scotland ; Scottish. —
n. The dialect spoken in Scotland ; the people
of Scotland collectively. — Scotch'man (sk5ch'-
man), n. A Scot.

Scotch (skSch), v. t. [Scotched (skocht) ; Scotch-
ing.] To support (a wheel) by preventing its
rolling. — n. A chock, wedge, or brake.

Scotch (skoch), v. I. To chop superficially ; to
wound. — n. A slight cut ; a score.

Scot'-free' (sk5t'fre'). a. Free from payment
or scot ; untaxed ; unhurt ; clear ; safe.

Scots (skSts), a. Of or pertaining to the Scotch ;
Scotch ; Scottish. — Scots'man (-man), n. A
Scot. — Scot'ti-cism (fekot'ti-siz'm), n. An id-
iom peculiar to Scotland. — Scot'tish (skgf-
tish), a. Scotch.

Scoun'drel (skoun'drgl), n. A mean, worthless
fellow; a rascal; a villain. — a. Low; mean.
— Scoun'drel-lsm (-Tz'm), n. RascpRy.

Scour (skour), v. t. & i. [Scoured (skourd) ;
I Scouring.] To clean by hard rubbing ; to run
over quickly. — Scour'er, n.

Scourge (skfirj), n. A lash ; a whip ; vindictive
or cruel punishment. — v. t. [ Scourged
(skQrjd); Scourging.] To whip severely ; to
afflict for faults, for the purpose of correction.

Scout (skout), v. t. To reject contemptuously ;
to ridicule ; to flout.

Scout (skout), n. One sent to gain tidings, esp.
of an enemy's condition ; a spy. —v. t. & i. To
spy out ; to reconnoiter.

Scow (skou), n. A large, flat-bottomed boat.

Scowl (skoul), v. i. [Scowled (skould) ; Scowl-
ing.] To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning ;
to look gloomy, dark, or tempestuous. — n. A
surly frown ; dark aspect.

ScrabTble (skraVb'l), v. i. & t. [Scrabbled
(-b'ld) ; Scrabbling.] To scrape or scratch
with the hands ; to scramble ; to scribble ; to
scrawl. — n. A scrabbling ; a scramble.

Scrag (skrSg), n. Something thin or lean and
rough ; a neck piece of meat. — Scrag'ged
(skrag'ge'd), a. Rough with irregular points ;
lean and pointed. — Scrag 'ged-ness, n. —
Scrag'gy (-gy), a. [Scraggier (-gi-er) ; Scrag-
giest.] Scragged.

Scram'ble (skram'b']), v. i. [Scrambled (-b'ld) ;
Scrambling.] To clamber with hands and
knees ; to struggle for something thrown upon
the ground, —v. t. To mix and cook in a con-
fused mass. — n. A scrambling or clambering ;
an eager struggle for something desired. —
Scrambler (-bier), n.

Scrap (skrap), n. Something scraped off; a
small piece ; a bit ; a fragment. — ScrapHbook7
(skr8p/b<56k'), n. A blank book in which to
preserve clippings, pictures, etc.

Scrape (skrap), v. t. [Scraped (skrapt) ; Scrap-
ing.] To rub with something sharp or rough ;
to abrade ; to collect (together) by laborious
effort.— v. i. To rub along laboriously or
harshly ; to play (a violin, etc.) inharmoniously ;
to bow clumsily. — n. A rubbing harshly ; an
awkward bow ; a disagreeable predicament ;
perplexity. — Scrap'er, n.

Scratch (skrSch), v. t. &i. [Scratched (skrScht) ;
Scratching.] To rub and tear the surface of ;
to dig with the claws ; to write badly ; to
count accidentally in billiards. — n. A break
in the surface of a thing ; a slight incision ; a
line across the prize ring, up to which boxers
are brought to fipht ; hence, test, trial, or proof
of courage [Colloq.] ; a wig partly covering the
head ; pi. dry scabs between a horse's heel and
pastern joint.

a, e, I, o, ii, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; seu&te, Sveut, tdea, ftbey, ftnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

SCRAWL

379

SCUPPER

Scrawl (skral), 1). t. & i. [Scrawled (skrald) ;
Scrawling.] To draw or write awkwardly and
irregularly ; to scribble. — 7t. Unskillful writ-
ing. — Scrawl'er, n.

Scraw'ny (skra'ny), a. Meager ; thin ; bony.

Screak (skrek ),'v. i. [Screaked (skrekt) ; Screak-
ing.] To utter a sharp, shrill sound ; to creak,
as a door or wheel. — n. A creaking ; a
screech.

Scream (skrem), v. i. [Screamed (skremd) ;
Screaming.] To utter a sudden, sharp out-
cry ; to shriek. — to. A shriek ; a screech.

Screech (skrech), v. i. [Screeched (skrecht) ;
Screeching. ] To scream. — n. A scream. —
Screech owl. An owl that utters a harsh cry.

Screed (skrel), n. A rule for running mold-
ings ; a guide in plastering a wall.

Screed (skred), n. A breach or rent ; an out-
burst of sound ; an harangue ; a tirade.

Screen (skren), n. Anything that shelters from
danger, prevents inconvenience, shuts off view,
etc. ; a coarse riddle or sieve. — v. t. [Screened
(skrend) ; Screening.] To provide with shel-
ter ; to protect by hiding ; to conceal ; to pass
through a screen.

Screw (skru), n. A cylinder, or cylindrical per-
foration, grooved spirally, to
produce motion or pressure
when turned ; a kind of bolt
to unite things firmly ; a form
of wheel for propelling steam
vessels; a sharp bargainer
or extortioner ; a worthless
horse. — v. t. [Screwed
(skrud); Screwing.] To
press, iasten, or make firm by
a screw ; to squeeze ; to twist ;

to distort. — Screw'-driv'er

(skru'driv'er), n. An imple- Screw, a External
ment for turning screws. — or Male Screw ;

Endless, or Perpetual, ^{71^?"

Screw. A screw moving a ,hown in Section!

toothed wheel by the action of

its threads on the teeth of the wheel ; a worm.

— Screw propeller. A spiral-bladed wheel for
propelling steam vessels ; a vessel so propelled.

— Wood screw. A metal screw with sharp
threads, for holding fast in wood.

ScriVhle (skril/b'l), v. t.&i. [Scribbled (-b'ld) ;

Scribbling.] To write hastily or carelessly ; to

scrawl. — n. Hasty or careless writing. —

Scrib'bler, n.
Scribe (skrib), to. One who writes ; a Jewish

doctor of the law. — v. t. [Scribed (skrfbd) ;

Scribing.] To mark or fit (one edge of a board,

etc.) to another edge, or to a surface.
Scrim'mage (skrTm'rnaj), to. Orig., a skirmish ;

now, a general row or fight.
Scrimp (skrTmp), v. t. [Scrimped (skrimt) ;

Scrimping.] To make too small or short; to

scant. — a. Scanty. — to. A miser.
Scrip (skrlp), n. A small bag ; a wallet ; a

satchel.
Scrip (skrTp), to. A small writing or schedule ; a

certificate of stock subscribed, or of a share of

other joint property.
Script (skrTpt), n. A kind of type in imitation of

handwriting ; style of writing.

Scrip'tur-al (skrlp'tur-al), a. Contained in, or
according to, the Scriptures. — Scrip' ture
(-tur), to. Anything written; a writing; the
books of the Old and New Testament ; the
Bible ; — chiefly in plural.

Scrlve'ner (skrlv'ner or skrTV'n-er), to. One
who draws contracts or other writings ; a copy-
ist ; a clerk.

Scroi'u-la (skrof'u-la), to. A chronic disease,
generally hereditary, of the lymphatic glands,
esp. of the neck ; king's evil. — Scrof/U-Ious
(-his), a. Pertaining to, or diseased with,
scrofula.

Scroll (skrol), n. A roll of paper ; a schedule ;
an architectural spiral ornament.

Scrub (skrub), v. t. & i. [Scrubbed (skrubd) ;
Scrubbing.] To rub hard ; to scour ; to
brighten, — to. One who labors hard and lives
meanly ; a worn-out brush ; close, low growth
of bushes ; thicket ; jungle. — a. Mean ; scrub-
by. — Scrubbed (-bed), a. Dwarfed or stunt-
ed ; scrubby. — Scrubby (-b^), a. [Scrubbier
( - bT - er ) ; Scrubbiest.] Small and mean ;
stunted ; covered with bushes.

Scrunch (skrunch), v. i. & i. To crunch ; to
grind.

Scru'ple (skru/p'l), n. A weight of 20 grains, the
third part of a dram ; a very small quantity ;
hesitation to act, from difficulty of determining
what is right ; conscientious doubt. — v. i.
[Scrupled (-p'ld) ; Scrupling.] To be reluc-
tant to act ; to hesitate. — Scru'pler (-pier), n.
— Scru'pu-lOUS (-pu-lu«), a. Full of scruples ;
cautious ; exact. — Scru ' pu - lOUS - lj, adv. —

Scru'pu-lous-ness, n.

Scru'ti-nize (3kru'tT-nIz), v. t. [Scrutinized
(-nizd) ; Scrutinizing.] To search closely ; to
examine critically. — SCTO'ti-ny (-njf), n. Close
search ; minute inquiry.

Scud (skud), v. i. & t. [Scudded; Scudding.]
To drive or fly quickly, as before a tempest. —
n. A driving ; low clouds driven by the wind.

Scuffle (skuf'f '1), v. i. [Scuffled (-fid) ; Scuf-
fling.] To struggle with close grapple ; to
strive tumultuously. — n. A rough contest of
strength ; a wrestling ; a fight. — Scul'f ler. n.

Sculk, v. i. See Skulk.

Scull (skill), n. A boat ; a short oar ; a single
oar used in propelling a boat, being placed over
the stern, — v. t. [Sculled (skuld) ; Sculling.]
To impel a boat by sculls. — Scull'er, n.

Scul'ler-y (skul'ler-^), to. A place for keeping
kitchen utensils, or doing dirty work. — Scul'-
lion (skul'yOn), n. A kitchen servant.

Scul'pln (skul'ptn), n. A spiny salt-water fish.

Sculp'tor (skulp'ter), n.
One who carves images
or figures, or designs
sculpture. — Sculp'-
tur-al (-tur-al), a.
Pertaining to sculp-
)n™\~ Sculp'ture Sculpin.

(-tur), n. The carving

wood, stone, etc., into images ; carved work. —
v. t. [ScuLFruRED ; Sculpturing.] To carve ;
to engrave.

Scum (skum), n. Impurities which rise to the
surface of liquids, in boiling or fermentation ;
dross; refuse, —v. t. [Scummed (skumd); Scum-
ming.] To take the scum from ; to skim.

Scup'per (skup'per), n. A channel through the

f6rn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SCUPPER NAIL

380

SEALING WAX

side of a ship, to carry off water from the deck.

— Scupper nail (skup'per nal). A nail with a
broad head, for securing hose to the scupper.

Scup'per-nong (skup'per-n5ng), n. A grape of
the Southern United States, or the wine made
from it.

Scurf (skftrf), n. A dry scab or crust on the
skin; dandruff; scale. — Scurfy (-y), a.
[Scurfier; Scurfiest.] Having scurf; re-
sembling scurf. — Scurf'i-ness, n.

Scur'rlle (skur'ril), a. Befitting a buffoon or
vulgar jester ; low ; mean. — Scur-ril'i-ty (-ril'-
T-ty), n. — Scur'ril-OUS (skiir'ril-us), a. Using
indecent language ; abusive ; offensive ; gross.

— Scur'ril-ous-ly, adv. — Scur'ril-ous-ness, n.
Scur'ry (skiir'iy), v. i. To hasten away ; to hur-
ry. — n. Hurried movement.

Scur'vy (skflr'vy), a. [Scurvier (-vT-er) ; Scur-
viest.] Covered by scurf or scabs ; diseased
with the scurvy ; mean ; low ; contemptible. —
n. A disease caused by confinement and poor
food, and characterized by livid spots, paleness,
general exhaustion, and bleeding from the mu-
cous membranes. — Scurvy grass. A kind of
cress growing on rocks near the sea, used as a
remedy for scurvy.

Scut (skut), n. The tail of a hare or similarly
short-tailed animal.

Scu'tate (sku'tat), a. Shaped like a shield;
roundish.

Scutch (skuch), v. t. [Scutched
(skucht); Scutching.] To beat
slightly ; to dress (flax, cotton,
silk, etc.) by beating out impuri-
ties from.

Scutch'eon (skuch'iin), n. An es-
cutcheon ; a brass plate over a key- gcutate Leaf,
hole.

Scu'tl-form (sku'tT-form), a. Shaped like a
shield.

Scut'tle (skut't'l), n. A broad, shallow basket ;
a wide-mouthed vessel for holding coal.

Scut'tle (skut't'l), v. i. To run with affected
haste ; to hurry ; to bustle. — n. A short run.

Scut'tle (skut't'l), n. A small opening, with a
lid, in a wall or roof, or in a ship's deck or bot-
tom. — v. t. [Scuttled (-t'ld) ; Scuttling.]
To cut holes through the bottom or sides of (a
ship) ; to sink (a ship) by making holes through
the bottom.

Scym'e-tar, n. See Scimeter.

Scythe (sith), n. An instrument for mowing
grass, grain, etc.

Sea (se), n. A large body of salt water, less than
an ocean ; the ocean ; the swell of the ocean or
other water in a tempest ; a high wave or billow ;
a surge. — Sea breeze. A wind blowing from
the sea toward the land. — Sea captain. The
captain of a vessel that sails on the sea. —
Sea chart. A map representing the shores,
islands, harbors, shoals, etc. — Sea dog. The
dogfish ; the common seal ; a salt, or old sailor.

— Sea elephant. A large antarctic seal, hunted
for its oil. — Sea fight. A naval action ; com-
bat between ships. — Sea foam. Foam of sea
water ; meerschaum. — Sea fowl. Any bird
(an auk, gull, petrel, etc.), which frequents
the sea; all such birds collectively. — Sea
gTeen. The green color of sea water. — Sea
gull. Any gull living on the seacoast. — Sea
hog. The porpoise. — Sea horse. The walrus ;

California Sea Lion.

a fish of the hippocampus kind. —Sea level.
The level of the surface of the sea ; laud on the
same level with the sea. — Sea lion. A seal of
large size. —
Seamark. An
object on land
so elevated as
to be a guide
to those at sea;
a b eacon. —
Sea maw, or
Sea mew. A
gull. — Sea
nettle. A jelly-
fish or medusa.

— Sea otter.
A large carniv-
orous animal of
the North Pa-
cific, allied to the common otter, and valuable
for its fur. — Sea piece. A picture of the sea.

— Sea risk. Risk of injury by the sea, or
while at sea. — Sea room. Space at sea for a
vessel to maneuver, drive, or scud, without
danger of running aground. — Sea serpent. A
sea snake ; a large marine animal of unknown
nature, often reported to have been seen, but
never captured. — Sea term. A term used by
seamen or peculiar to navigation ; a nautical
phrase. — Sea turtle. A large turtle of sev-
eral species (green turtle, loggerhead, leather-
back, etc.) having paddles Instead of feet, and
inhabiting warm seas. — Sea wall. A wall or
embankment to keep back the sea.

Sea'board7 (se'bord'), n. The seashore. — a.
Bordering on, or near, the sea. — adv. Toward
the sea.

Sea'-born' (se'bSrn'), a. Born of, or produced
by, the sea ; born at sea.

Sea'coast' (se'kost/), n. The shore adjacent to
the sea or ocean.

Sea'far'er (se'fSr'er), n. One who follows the
seas ; a mariner ; a sailor. — Sea'f ar'ing, a.
Following the business of a seaman.

Sea'gO'ing (se'go'Tng), a. Going upon the sea,
esp. upon the deep sea.

Sea'-green' (se'greV), a.
with bluish tinge.

Sea hog, Sea horse, etc.

Seal (sel), n. A carnivorous mammal, of many
species, inhabit-
i n g seacoasts,
and hunted for
its skin and
oil. — Seal'er
( sel'er ), n. A
man, or a vessel,
engaged in hunt-
ing seals.

Seal (sel), n. A
stamp, for mak-
ing an impression in a soft substance ; wax or
other tenacious substance, set to an instrument
and stamped with a seal ; that which confirms,
ratifies, or authenticates, —v. t. [Sealed (seld) ;
Sealing.] To set a seal to ; to ratify ; to fasten
with a seal ; to keep close ; to make fast ; to
keep secret. — Seal'er, n. One who seals; an
officer whose duty is to seal writs, stamp weights
and measures, etc. — Sealing wax, n. A com-
pound of the resin lac, used for sealing letters.

Of a faint green color,
See under Sea, n.

a. e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, obey, Clnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SEAM

381

SECTION

(sem), n. The fold or line on the surface
of cloth formed by sewing together different
pieces ; a line of junction ; a suture ; a thin
mineral layer, or narrow vein between two
thicker ones ; a cicatrix ; a scar left by a wound.

— v. t. [Seamed (semd) ; Seaming.] To form
a seam upon, or join by sewing together ; to
scar ; to knit with a certain stitch. — Seam/less,
a. Without a seam.

Sea'man (se'uian), n. ; pi. Seamen (-men). A
mariner ; a sailor. — Sea'man-ship, n. The
skill of a good seaman ; art of working a ship.

Seam'Stress (sem'stres), n. A woman whose oc-
cupation is sewing ; a needlewoman.

Seam'y (sem'y), a. Containing seams.

llSeanc©' (sa'iiNs'), n. Session, as of some public
body ; a meeting of spiritualists.

Sear (ser), a. Dry; withered, —v. t. [Seabed
(serd); Searing.] To dry up; to scorch; to
make callous.

Search (serch), v. t. & i. [Searched (sercht) ;
Searching.] To look over or through, in order
to find something ; to explore ; to pry into ; to
seek. — n. A seeking ; scrutiny ; inquiry ;
quest; pursuit. — Search'er, n— Search'a-ble,
a. Capable of being searched. — Search war-
rant. A legal authorization to search a house,
etc., for stolen or hidden goods.

Sear'ed-ness (ser'Sd-nSs), n. The state of being
seared, cauterized, or hardened ; insensibility.

Sea'shore7 (se'shor'), n. The coast of the sea ;
land beside the ocean.

Sea'sick' (se'slk'), a. Affected with seasickness.

— Sea'sick-ness, n. The nausea occasioned
by the pitching and rolling of a ship.

Sesi'side (-sid'), n. The land bordering on the
sea. — a. Near or frequenting the seashore.

Sea'SOn (se'z'n), n. One of the divisions of the
year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) ; a suit-
able or convenient time ; a period of time not
very long; awhile. — v. t. [Seasoned (-z'nd) ;
Seasoning.] To render suitable ; to prepare ;
to accustom ; to prepare by drying or harden-
ing ; to give zest or relish to ; to render agree-
able ; to temper, —v. i. To become mature;
to become adapted to a climate ; to become dry
and hard, as timber. — Sea'son-a Die, a. Oc-
curring in good time ; opportune ; timely ; fit ;
convenient. — Sea'son-a-ble-ness, n. — Sea'-
son-a-bly, adv. — Sea'son-ing, n. Anything
added to food, to give it relish ; a condiment.

Seat (set), n. The place or thing upon which one
sits, or where anything is situated or abides ;
station ; site ; part of a thing on which a person
sits ; a right to sit ; way of sitting of a person
on horseback. — v. t. To place on a seat ; to
cause to sit down ; to locate ; to establish ; to
assign a seat to ; to set firm ; to repair by mak-
ing the seat new.

Sea' ward (se'werd), a. Directed toward the
sea. — adv. Toward the sea.

Sea'weed' (se'wed'), n. A marine plant.

Sea'WOr'thy (se'wfir'thj), a. Fit for a voyage,
or to be trusted to transport a cargo. — Sea'-
wor thi-ness, n.

Se-ba'ceous (se-ba'shus), a. Made of, or pertain-
ing to, fat ; affording fatty secretions.

Se'cant (sextant), a. Cutting; dividing into two
parts. — n. A line that cuts another.

Se-cede' (se-sed'), v. i. To withdraw from fellow-
ship or association ; in the United States, to

withdraw, as a State, from the national Union.

— Se-ced'er, n. — Se-ces'sion (-sSsh'un), n. A
seceding ; separation. — Se-ces'sion-ist, n.

Seck'el (se"k''l), n. A small, pulpy variety of
pear.

Se-clU.de' (se-klud'), v. t. To shut up apart from
others ; to shut out ; to exclude. — Se-Clu'sion
(-klu'zhun), n. A secluding ; separation ; with-
drawment ; privacy.

Sec'OJld (sek'und), a. Immediately following
the first ; next to the first in order of place or
time, or in value, power, or rank. — n. One
who follows, or who is next and inferior in
place, time, rank, etc. ; one who attends an-
other for his aid, esp. one who acts as an aid in
a duel ; the 60th part of a minute of time or of
a degree ; in duodecimal mensuration, a line,
or the 12th part of an inch or prime ; pi. a
coarse kind of flour, — v. t. To follow ; to sup-
port ; to back ; to support (a motion or propo-
sal) by adding one's voice to that of the mover.

— Sec'ond-er, n. — Sec'ond-ly, adv. — Sec'ond-
a-ry (-a-ry), a. Succeeding next in order to
the first ; of second origin, rank, etc. ; acting
by delegated authority ; subordinate ; inferior.
-». One who occupies a subordinate or auxil-
iary place. — Sec'ond-a-li-ly (-a-ri-ly), adv. —
Second hand- The hand marking the seconds
in a clock or watch. — Sec'ond-hand' (-hand'),
a. Not original or primary ; not new ; previ-
ously possessed by another. — Sec'cnd-rate7
(-rat'), a. Of the second size, rank, quality,
etc. — Sec'ond-Sight' (-sit/), n. The power of
seeing things future or distant ; prophetic vision.

Se'cret (se'kret), a. Separate; hid; concealed;
secluded ; private ; clandestine. — n. Some-
thing concealed or kept from general knowl-
edge ; a mystery. — Se'cret-ly, adv. — Secret-
ness, Se'Cre-cy (-kre-sy), n.

Sec're-ta-ry (sSk're-ta-ry), n. One person em-
ployed to write for another, or to write orders,
dispatches, public papers, records, etc. ; an offi-
cer charged to manage a department of govern-
ment ; a piece of furniture with conveniences
for writing; an escritoire. — Sec're-ta'ri-at
(sgk're-ta'rT-5t), Sec're-ta'ri-ate (-at), Sec're-
ta-ry-ship, n. Office of a secretary.

Se-crete' (se-kref), v. t. To remove from obser-
vation ; to conceal ; to hide ; to separate (ma-
terial) from blood, sap, etc., and form into new
substances. — Se-cre'tion (se-kre'shun), n. A
secreting or concealing ; the production from
nourishing substance, of particular substances
in the vital economy ; matter secreted (saliva,
bile, gastric juice, etc.). — Se-cret'ive (-kref-
Tv), a. Tending to secrete, or to keep secret.

— Se-cret'lve-ness, n. — Se-cre'to-ry (se-kre7-
to-ry or seHire-to-ry), a. Performing the offices
of secretion. — n. A secretory vessel.

Sect (s5kt), n. A religious body or denomina-
tion. — Sec-ta'ri-an (sgk-ta'rl-on), a. Pertain-
ing or peculiar to a sect, or to sects. — n. One
of a sect ; a heretic ; partisan ; schismatic. —
Sec-ta'ri-an-ism. (-Tz'm), n. The character of
a sectarian ; devotion to a party. — Sec'ta-ry
(sSk'ta-r^), n. A sectarian.

Sec'tile (sSk'tll), a. Capable of being cut, esp.
of being cut smoothly.

Sec'tlon (sgk'shun), n. A cutting ; separation ;
a division ; a portion ; the intersection of two
superficies, or of a superficies and a solid ; repre-

lern, recent, orb, Hfde, f"u> arQ» food, ftfbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SECTIONAL

382

SEERSUCKER

Sections of a Can-
non : a Vertical ;
b Transverse ; c
Horizontal.

sentation of a thing as it would appear if cut

through by an intersecting

plane ; profile. — Sec'tion-al

( sek'shun-al ), a. Pertaining

to a section ; local ; partial ;

consisting of, or divisible into,

sections. — Sec'tion-al-ly, adv.

— Sec'tion-al-ism ( - iz'm ) ,
Sec'tion-al'i-ty (-Sl'T-ty), n.
Local patriotism ; excessive
regard for one's own section ;
provincialism.

Sec/tor (sSk'ter), n. A part of
a circle between two radii and
the included arc ; a mathematical instrument
for plotting.

Sec/u-lar (sek'u-ler), a. Coming once in an age
or century ; pertaining to this world, or to
things not spiritual ; worldly. — n. An ecclesi-
astic not bound by monastic rules ; a layman.

— Sec'u-lar-ly, adv. — Sec'u-lar-ness, n. —
Sec'U-lar-ist (-Tst), n. One opposed to reli-
gious faith or worship, or to church intervention
in education or civil affairs. — Sec'U-lar'i-ty
(-laVI-ty), n. Supreme attention to things of
the present life ; worldliness. — Sec'U-lar-i-za'-
tion (-ler-i-za'shun), n. A rendering secular ;
conversion from religious to lay uses. — Sec'-
U-lar-ize (-ler-iz), v. t. [Secularized (-izd) ;
Secularizing.] To convert to secular use.

Se-CUr'a-ble (se-kur'a-b'l], a. Capable of being
secured. — Se-cure' (-km7), a. Free from care
or anxiety ; safe ; sure ; inattentive. — v. t.
[Secured (-kurd') ; Securing.] To make safe ;
to guard ; to make certain ; to insure ; to close
or confine effectually ; to get possession of. —
Se-curely, adv. — Se-cure'ness, Se-cu'ri-ty
(-ku'rT-ty), n. ; pi. Securities (-tiz). Condition
of being secure ; freedom from care or risk ;
safety ; something which secures or makes cer-
tain the fulfillment of an obligation, payment
of a debt, etc. ; one who becomes surety for
another ; an evidence of debt or of property.

Se-dan' (se-d2n'), n. A portable chair for carry-
ing a single person.

Se-date' (se-dat'), a. Un-
ruffled by passion ; com-
posed ; calm ; quiet.; so-
ber ; serious.— Se-date'-
ly, adv. — Se-date'ness,

Sed'a-tive (sgd'a-tTv), a.
Tending to calm or tran-
quilize ; allaying irrita-
tion.— n. A remedy
which allays irritability
or pain. Sedan.

Sed'en-ta-ry (sSd'gn-ta-

r^), a. Accustomed to sit much or long ; re-
quiring much sitting. — Sed'en-ta-ri-ly, adv.

Sedge (sSj), n. A plant growing in tufts, gener-
ally in wet grounds. — Sedg'y (sSj'y), a. Over-
grown with sedge.

Sed'i-ment (sSdT-ment), n. Matter which sub-
sides to the bottom, from water or other liquid ;
settlings ; lees ; dregs.— Sed'i-men'ta-ry (-niSn'-
ta-r^), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, sedi-
ment.

Se-di'tion (se-dish'iin), n. The raising of commo-
tion in a state ; resistance to lawful authority ;
riot ; revolt. — Se-di/tion-a-ry (-a-r^), n. A pro-

moter of sedition. — Se-di'tiOUS (-dlsh'us), a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sedition ; tur-
bulent ; factious. — Se-di'tious-ly, adv.

Sed'litz. See Seidlitz.

Se-duce' (se-dus'), v. t. [Seduced (-dust/) ; Se-
ducing.] To draw aside from duty ; to allure ;
to tempt ; to mislead. — Se-du'cer (-du'ser), n.

— Se-duce'ment (-ment), n. A seducing ; means
employed to seduce. — Se-du'ci-ble (-sl-b'l), a.
Capable of being led astray. — Se-dUC'tion
(-duk'shun), n. A seducing ; means of leading
astray. — Se-duc'tive (-tlv), a. Tending to lead
astray.

Sed'u-l0US (sed'u-lus), a. Diligent in application ;
steadily industrious ; laborious ; unremitted. —
Sed'u-lous-ly, adv. — Sed'u-lous-ness, Se-du'-
li-ty (se-du'll-ty), n.

See (se), n. A diocese ; jurisdiction of a bishop,
archbishop, or pope ; the pope or court of Rome.

See (se), v. t. [imp. Saw (sa) ; p. p. Seen (sen) ;
p. pr. Seeing.] To perceive by the eye ; to
form an idea of ; to take care of ; to beware ; to
call upon ; to visit ; to experience. — v. i. To
have power of sight or of apprehension ; to pay
regard ; to give heed.

Seed (sed), n. ; pi. Seed or Seeds (sedz). The
germ from which an animal jim^ji o
or plant is produced ; re- "
productive principles ; off-
spring ; children ; descend-
ants. — v. i. To grow to
maturity, so as to produce
seed; to shed the seed.— Seed. A Seed ofVio-
v. t. To sprinkle with seed ; let, enlarged. B
to sow. — Seed bud. Germ s
or rudiment of the fruit in
embryo ; the ovule. — Seed
corn, Seed grain. Com or

grain for seed. — Seed ves-
sel. The pericarp, or part of
a plant containing seeds. —
Seed'ling (-ling), n. A plant
reared from the seed, and not propagated by
layers, buds, etc. — Seeds'man (sedz'man), n. ;
pi. Seedsmen. One who deals in seeds ; a sower.

— Seed'time' (sed'thn'), n. The season proper
for sowing. — Seed'y (-y), a. [Seedier ; Seed-
iest.] Abounding with seeds ; bearing seeds ;
old and worn out ; miserable ; shabbily clothed.

See'ing (se'ing), conj., orig. p. pr. of See. In
view of the fact that ; considering ; since.

Seek (.cek)» v. t. [Sought (sat) ; Seeking.] To
look for ; to go in search of ; to try to find or to
gain by any means. — v. i. To make search or
inquiry ; to attempt ; to strive. — Seek'er. n.

Seem (sem), v. i. [Seemed (*emd) ; Seeming.]
To have a show or semblance ; to appear; to look.

— Seem'er, n. — Seem'ing, a. Appearing like ;
apparent ; specious. — v. Appearance ; show ;
semblance. — Seem'ing-ly, adv. In appear-
ance ; ostensibly.

Seem'ly (sem'ty), a. [Seemlier (-lT-er) ; Seem-
liest.] Suited to the object, occasion, or char-
acter ; fit ; suitable ; proper ; meet ; decent ;
decorous. — Seem'li-ness, n.

Seen, p. p. of See.

Seer ( ser ), n. One who foresees events ; a
prophet.

Seer'SUCk'er (ser'suk'er), n. A thin East India
fabric of silk and linen or cotton, with a craped
or puckered appearance.

Section : c Cotyle-
dons, and ca Cauli-
c\e (these two con-
stituting the Em-
bryo) ; e E n d o-
s pe rm, or Albu-
men ; h Hilum ; r
Raphe.

a, e, i, u, u, long , a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SEESAW

383

SEMIANNUALLY

See'saW (se'sa'), n. A children's play in which
two persons move alternately up and down 011
opposite ends of a balanced board ; a board ad-
justed for this purpose ; vibratory or reciproca-
ting motion ; a crossruff, or alternate leadiug by
partners in whist of cards which the other can
take. — v.t.& i. [Seesawed (-sad') ; Seesaw-
ing.] To move backward and forward, or up-
ward and downward. — a. Reciprocating.

Seethe (*eth), v. t. [imp. Seethed (>>ethd)
(Sod (sod), obs.) ; p.p. Seethed, Sodden (sod'-
d'n) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Seething.] To decoct in
hot liquid ; to boil. — v. i. To boil.

Seg'ment (sSg'ment), n. A section ; a portion ; a
part cut off from a geometrical fig-
ure by a line or plane; esp., that
part of a circle contained between
a chord and an arc of that circle.

Seg're-gate (segTe-gat), v. t. To
separate from others ; to set apart.

— Seg're-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A
segregating ; a parting.

Seid'litz (sed'Hts), a. Pertaining to

Seidlitz, a village in Bohemia. — Seidlitz pow-
ders. A powder of sodium bicarbonate mixed
with tartrate of potassium and sodium, and a
powder of tartaric acid, which effervesce when
mixed in water and form a mild cathartic.

Selgn-eu'rl-al (sen-u'rl-al), a. Pertaining to the
lord of a manor ; vested with large powers ; in-
dependent. — Seign'lor (sen'yer), n. A lord ;

— a South European title corresponding to Sir
or Mr. — Grand Seignior. The sultan of Tur-
key. — Seign/ior-age (-£j), n. A sovereign pre-
rogative ; a toll on bullion coined ; a share of
the profits derived from use of a right, as a copy-
right or patent. — Seign'ior-y (-J), n. Power
of a lord ; a lordship ; a manor.

Seine (sen or san), ra. A large fishing net.
Seis'mic (sis'mTk), a. Of, pertaining to, or

caused by, earthquake.
Seiz'a-ble (sez'a-b'l), a. Capable of being seized.

— Seize (sez), v. t. [Seized (sezd); Seizing.]
To take suddenly, by force, or by legal author-
ity ; to grasp ; to clutch ; to snatch ; to cap-
ture. — Sei'zer, n. — Sei'zln (se'zln), n. Legal
possession of an estate ; thing possessed ; pos-
session.— Sei'zure (se'zhur), n. A seizing;
sudden grasp ; possession ; thing possessed.

Sel'dom (bgl'dum), adv. Rarely ; not often.

Se-lect' (se-lSkf), a. Taken from a number ; of
special value ; chosen ; choice. — v. t. To choose
or pick out ; to cull. — Se-lect'ness, n. — Se-
lector (-er), n. — Se-lec'tion (-lSk'shuu), n. A
selecting ; choice ; something chosen ; a collec-
tion of things culled. — Se-lect'ive (-Tv), a.
Selecting. — Se-lect/man (-lSkt'man), n. ; pi.
Selectmen. A town officer in New England,
having local executive authority.

Sel'e-nog'ra-phy (sel'e-nog'ra-fy), n. A descrip-
tion of the surface of the moon.

Self (self), a. [Chiefly in composition.] Same ;
particular; very. — n. ; pi. Selves (selvz). A
person as a distinct individual; personal interest,
or love of private interest. — Self -a-base'ment
(-a-bas'ment), n. Humiliation from conscious-
ness of inferiority or shaine. — Self-COn-celt'
(-kon-sef), n. Conceit of one's self ; a high opin-
ion of one's powers ; vanity. — Self-COn-ceit'-
6d (-set'gd), a. Vain ; conceited. — Self-COn'-
scious (-kon'shus), a. Conscious of one's acts

as originating in one's self ; conscious of being
observed by others ; estimating too highly one's
capacities or importance. — Sell" - de-f ense'
(-de-feus'), Self-de-fence', n. The defending
or protecting of one's own person, property, or
reputation. — Self'-de-ni'al (-ui'al), n. The
forbearing to gratify one's own desires. — Self—
es-teem' (-es-teni'), n. Good.opinion of one's
6elf ; complacency. — Self-ev'i-dent ( -evi-
dent), a. Evident without proof or reasoning ;
producing conviction upon a bare presentation
to the mind. — Self -ex-ist'ent (-egz-Tst'ent), a.
Existing of or by one's self, independent of any
other being. — Self-in'ter-est (-Tn'ter-est), n.
Private interest ; the advantage of one's self. —
Self '-knowledge (-n51'ej), n. Knowledge of
one's self, or of one's own character, powers, or
limitations. — Self '-love' (-luv'), n. Love of
one's self ; tendency to seek one's own advan-
tage; selfishness. — Self-made7 (-mad'), a.
Made by one's self. — Self-made man. One
who has risen from poverty or obscurity to
wealth, learning, power, etc., by means of his
own talents or energies. — Self'-O-pln'ion (-6-
pln'yun), n. High opinion of one's self ; an
overweening estimate of one's self or opinions.

— Self'-O-pin'ioned (-yund), a. Opinionated ;
conceited. — Self-pos-sessed' (-p5z-zesf or
-pos-sest'), a. Composed or tranquil in mind,
manner, etc.; undisturbed. — Self— pos-ses'-
Slon (-zSsh'Qn or -sesh'un), n. Calmness ; com-
posure. — Self' -reg'ls-ter-lng (-rgjts-ter-Tng),
a. Registering itself ; — said of an instrument
made to record its own indications of phenom-
ena. — Self' -right'eOUS ( -ri'chus ), a. Confi-
dent of one's owrn virtue or merit ; pharasaic.

— Self '-seek' er (-sek'er), n. One who seeks
only his own interest. — Self -seek ing, a.
Selfish. —n. Selfishness; greediness. — Self—
SUf-fi'cient (-fish'ent), a. Sufficient for one's
self, without aid from others ; having overween-
ing confidence in one's own abilities or worth ;
haughty ; overbearing. — Self'-wlll' (-wtl'), n.
One's own will, esp. in opposition to that of
others ; obstinacy. — Self' -Willed' (-wild'), a.
Obstinate ; not compliant.

Selfish, a. Regarding one's own good in disre-
gard, or at the expense , of others. — Selfish-
ly, adv. — Self ish-ness, n.

Selfsame7 (self'sam'), a. Precisely the same.

Sell (sgl), v. 1. [Sold (sold) ; Selling.] To
transfer to another for an equivalent ; to be-
tray ; to make a fool of ; to cheat. — v. i. To
practice selling ; to be sold. — n. An imposi-
tion or trick ; a practical joke. — Sell'er, n.

Sel'vage (sei'vej), Sel'vedge, n. The
edge of cloth, so woven as to prevent
raveling ; list.

Selves, pi. of Self.

Sem'a-phor© (sgm'a-for), n. A signal
telegraph, or apparatus for signaling
by lanterns, flags, moving arms, etc. —
Sem'a-phor'ic (lor'Tk), Sem'a-phor'-
ic-al (-T-kr/l), a. Pertaining to a sema-
phore ; telegraphic.

Sem'blance (seni'blfirns), n. Seeming ;

show ; likeness ; similitude ; appear- gemaDhore
ance ; figure ; form.

Sem'i-an'nn-al (sgm'T-Xn'u-al), a. Half-yearly.

— Sem'i-an'nu-al-ly, adv. Every half year ;
twice a year.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SEMIBREVE

384

SENTENCE

Sem'i-breve' (sem'T-brev'), n. A note in music,
of half the time of the breve ; — called also a
whole note.

Sem'i-cir cle (sgm'I-seVk'l), n. Half of acircle.

— SenVi-cir'cu-lar (-ser'ku-ier),
a. Having the form of half a
circle.

Sem'i-CO'lon (sgm'T-ko'lon), n. A
punctuation mark [;] indicating a
separation between parts of a sen-
tence, more distinct than that _
marked by a comma. Semicircles.

SenVi-di-am'e-ter (sem/T-di-Sm'e-ter), n. Half
of a diameter ; a radius.

Sem'i-flu'id (sgm'1-flu'id), a. Imperfectly fluid.

— n. A substance imperfectly fluid, or half so-
lidified.

Sem 'I - lu ' nar ( sem/i-iu'ner ), Sem'i-lu'nate
(-nat), a. Resembling in form a half moon.

Sem'i-met'al (sgm'I-mgt/al or -'1), n. A chem-
ical element having inferior metallic properties
and not malleable. — Sem/i-me-tal'liC (-me-
tal'lik), a. Pertaining to a semimetal ; resem-
bling metal.

Sem/i-month'ly (sem'T-munthly), a. Coming or
made twice in a month. — n. Something done
every half month ; a semimonthly publication.

— adv. At intervals of half a month.
Sem'i-nal (sem'T-nal), a. Pertaining to or con-
tained in seed ; germinal ; radical ; original.

Sem'i-na-ry (sgm'T-na-ry), n. An institution of
education ; a school, academy, college, etc.

Sem'i-na'tion (sem'i-na'shun), n. A sowing;
dispersion of seeds.

Sem'i-qua'ver (sgm'T-kwa/ver), n. A musical
note half as long as the quaver; a sixteenth
note.

Sem-lt'iC (sgm-Tt'Tk), a. Pertaining to the divi-
sion of the Caucasian race including the Arabs;
Jews, and Berbers.

Sem'i-tone (sgm'T-ton), n. Half a tone.

Sem'i-VOW'el (sgm'I-vou'gl), n. A sound inter-
mediate between a vowel and a consonant, or
partaking of the nature of both.

Sem/i-week'ly ( sgm/T-wek'ljf ), a. Coming or
made twice in a week. — n. Something done
or made every half week ; a semiweekly publi-
cation. — adv. At intervals of half a week.

SenVpi-ter'nal (sgm/pT-ter'netl), a. Of never-
ending duration ; everlasting. — SenVpi-ter'ni-
ty (-nT-t^), n. Future duration without end.

Semp'stress (sgmp'strgs), n. See Seamstress.

Sen/a-ry (sgn'a-ry), a. Of or containing six.

Sen'ate (sen'at), n. An assembly or council of
elders or influential citizens ; the upper branch
of a legislature in France, the United States,
etc. ; a state council. — Sen'a-tor (-a-ter), n.
A member of a senate. — Sen/a-tO'ri-al (-a-tov-
rT-al), a. Pertaining to, or becoming, a senator
or a senate. — Sen'a-to'ri-al-ly, adv. In the
manner of a senate ; with dignity or solemnity.

— Sen'a-tor-ship (-a-ter-shlp), n. Office or
dignity of a senator.

Send (sgnd), v. t. [Sent (sgnt) ; Sending.] To
cause to go ; to dispatch ; to inflict ; to bestow.

— v. i. To dispatch a messenger.

Se nes'cence (se-nSs'sens), n. A growing old ;
decay by time. — Se-nes'cent (-sent), a. Grow-
ing old ; decaying.

Sen'es-chal (sgn'g-shal ; formerly sgn'gs-kal), n.
A steward j an officer in the houses of princes.

Se'nlle (se'nfl), a. Pertaining to, or proceeding
from, age. — Se-nil'i-ty (se-nil'i-ty), n.

Sen'ior (sen'yer), a. More advanced in age, dig-
nity, or rank ; elder. — n. One older than
another, or prior in grade or rank ; an aged
person ; a student in the last year of his colle-
giate course. — Sen-ior'i-ty (-yor'i-ty), n. Qual-
ity of being senior ; priority of birth, or supe-
riority in office or rank.

Sen/na (sgn'na), n. A leguminous plant ; also, its
leaves, used in medicine as a cathartic.

Sen/night (sgn'nlt), n. [Contr. from sevennight.]
The space of seven nights and days ; a week.

HSe-nor' (sa-ny6r'), n. A Spanish title corre-
sponding to Mr. or Sir. — ||Se-norra (-nyS'ra),
n. A Spanish title corresponding to Mrs. or
Madam; also, a lady. — HSe'no-ri'ta (sS'nyS-
re^ta), n. A Spanish title for a young lady;
Miss ; a young lady.

Sen-sa'tion (sen-sa'shtin), n. Perception through
the organs of sense ; a state of excited feeling.
— Sen-sa'tion-al {-al), a. Pertaining to the
sensations ; having, or fitted to excite, great in-
terest ; melodramatic ; trashy. — Sen-sa'tion-
al-ism (-al-Tz'm), n. The doctrine that our
ideas originate solely in sensation ; sensational
writing or speaking.

Sense (sens), n. Perception by the bodily organs,
or through the intellect ; sensation ; feeling ;
apprehension ; discernment ; perception of the
exterior world by means of the bodily organs,
and esp. of the five senses of feeling, sight,
hearing, smell, and taste ; sound reasoning ;
judgment ; opinion ; meaning ; signification. —
Senseless (-lgs), a. Destitute of sense or of
understanding ; insensible ; stupid ; foolish. —
Sense'less-ly, adv. — Sense'less-ness, n. —
Sen's! ble (sgn'sT-b'l), a. Capable of being per-
ceived or of perceiving ; having nice perception
or acute feeling ; perceiving or satisfied ; per-
suaded ; having good sense or reason ; intelli-
gent ; wise. — Sen'si-ble-ness, n. — Sen'si-bly,
adv. — Sen'si-bil'i-ty (-bll'I-ty), n. Quality of
being sensible ; capacity for feeling or emotion ;
sympathy. — Sen'si-tive (sgn'si-tiv), a. Hav-
ing sense or feeling, or quick and acute sensi-
bility ; highly susceptible ; pertaining to, or de-
pending on, sensation. — Sen'si-tive-ly, adv. —
Sen'si-tive-ness, n.

Sen-SO'ri-al (sgn-so'rT-al), a. Pertaining to the
sensorium. — Sen-SO'ri-um (-um), n. The
whole nervous system, as susceptible of sensa-
tions ; an organ of sense. — Sen'SO-ry (sgn'so-
r^), a. Of or pertaining to the sensoriuni or
sensation. — n. The sensorium.

Sen'su-al (sen'shu-al), a. Pertaining to, or af-
fecting, the senses ; carnal ; luxurious ; volup-
tuous. — Sen'su-al-ly, adv. — Sen'su-al-ism
(-Yz'm), n. Subjection to sensual feelings or
appetites; the philosophical doctrine that all
ideas originate in sensation, and are copies or
relics of sensations ; sensationalism. — Sen'SU-
al-ist, n. One given to indulgence of the appe-
tites or senses. — Sen'su-al'i-ty (-5i'T-ty-), n.
Free indulgence in sensual pleasures. — Sen'-
SU-OUS (sgn'shu-us), a. Pertaining to, or strong-
ly influenced by, the senses.

Sent (sgut), imp. & p. p. of Send.

Sen'tence (sgn'tens), n. An opinion ; a judgment
pronounced; doom; a short saying; a maxim;
in grammar, a combination of words, complete

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SENTENTIAL

385

SEQUOIA

A leaf or division of

sss Sepals.

as expressing a thought. — v. t. [Sentenced
( -tenst ) ; Sentencing.] To pass judgment
upon ; to doom. — Sen-ten'tial (sen-ten'shal),
a. Comprising, or pertaining to, sentences. —
Sen-ten'ti0US (-shus), a. Short and energetic.

— Sen - ten ' tious - ly, adv. — Sen-ten'tious-
ness, n.

Sen'ti-ent (sen'shT-ent or -shent), a. Having sen-
sation and perception ; sensitive. — n. A per-
ceiving being. — Sen'ti-ent-ly, adv.

Sen'ti-ment (sen'tT-ment), n. A thought prompted
by feeling ; an opinion ; a sentence expressing a
thought ; a maxim ; a toast. — Sen'ti-men'tal
(-men'tal), a. Abounding with sentiments or
reflections ; having an excess of sensibility ;
affectedly tender ; romantic. — Sen'ti-men'-
tal-ly, adv. — Sen'ti-men-tal'i-ty (-tal'l-ty),
Sen^i-men'tal-ism (-Iz'ni), n. Character of a
sentimentalist ; sentimentality. — Sen'ti-men'-
tal-ist (-men'tal-Tst), n. One who affects sen-
timent or exquisite sensibility.

Sen'ti-nel (sen'ti-nel), Sen'try (-tif), n. A sol-
dier on guard ; a watch.

Se'pal (se'pal or sep'al), n.
the calyx of a plant.

Sep'a-ra-ble (sep'a-ra-b'l),
a. Capable of being sep-
arated, disunited, or rent.

— Sep'a-ra-bly, adv. —
Sep'a-ra-ble-ness, Sep'a-
ra-bil'I-ty (-bil'i-ty), n.

Sep'a-rate (sSp'a-rat), v. t.
& i. To part ; to dis-
unite ; to sever ; to di-
vide. — Sep'a-rate (-rat),
a. Divided ; disconnected ; distinct ; single. —
Sep'a-rate-ly, adv. — Sep'a-rate-ness, n. —
Sepa-ra'tion ( -ra'shun ), n. A separating ;
disjunction ; disunion ; chemical analysis ; di-
vorce. — Sep'a-ra'tor (sep'a-ra'ter), n. — Sep'a-
ra-tism (-ra-tiz'm), n. Withdrawal from a
church. — Sep'a-ra-tist (-tist), n. One who
withdraws himself, esp. from a church to which
he has belonged ; a dissenter ; a sectary.

Se'pi-a (se'pT-a), n. ; pi. Seple (-e). The cuttle-
fish ; a pigment prepared from the ink of the
Guttlefish ; Indian ink. —a. Of a dark reddish
brown color.

Se'poy (se'poi), n. A native of India, in the mili-
tary service of a European power.

Sept (sept), n. A clan, race, or family, esp. in
Ireland.

Sep'tan'gle (sep'taVg'l), n. A geometrical figure
with seven angles ; a heptagon. — Sep-tan'gll-
lar (-gu-ler), a. Having seven angles.

Sep-tem'ber (sep-tein'ber), n. The month fol-
lowing August ; the ninth month of the year.

Sep'ten-a^ry ( sep'ten-a-ry ), a. Consisting of
seven ; lasting seven years.

Sep-ten'ni-al (sep-ten'm-al), a. Lasting or hap-
pening once in seven years.

Sep-ten'tri-on (sSp-tgn'trT-un), n. The north or
northern regions. — Sep-ten'tri-on-al (-al), a.
Northern.

Sep'tic (sgr/tik), a. Of the seventh degree or
order.

Sep'tic (sgp'tik), a. Promoting putrefaction. —
n. A substance that promotes putrefaction of
bodies. — Sep'tic-al (-tT-kal), a. Septic.

Sep-til'lion (sgp-til'yun), n. By French (and
American) numeration, the product of a thou-

ssss Septa.

sand involved to the eighth power, expressed by
a unit followed by 24 ciphers ; by English nota-
tion, the product of a million involved to the
seventh power, expressed by a unit followed by
42 ciphers.
Sep;tu-a-ge-na'rl-an (sep'tu-a-je-na'rT-an), n. A
person seventy years of age ; a septuagenary.

— Sep tu-ag'e-na-ry ( -aj'e-na-ry ), a. Con-
sisting of seventy; seventy years old. — n. A
septuagenarian.

llSep'tn-a-ges'i-ma (sep'tu-a-jes'T-ma), n. The
third Sunday uefore Lent ; — so called because
it is about seventy days before Easter. — Sep'-
tn-a-ges'i-mal (-mal), a. Consisting of seventy,
or of seventy years.

Sep'tu-a-gint (sep'tu-a-jint), n. A Greek version
of the Old Testament.

I Sep'tum (sep'tuin), n. ; pi. Septa
(-ta). A wall separating two cav-
ities; a partition, esp. between
the nostrils or the cells in fruit.

Sep'tU-ple (sep'tu-p'l), a. Seven
times as much ; sevenfold. — v. t.
[Septupled ; Septupling.] To
multiply by seven.

Sep'ul-cher (sep'ui-ker), Sep'ul-
Chre, n. A place in which the dead are interred ;
a grave ; a tomb. — v. t. To bury ; to entomb.

— Se-pnl'chral ( se-pul'-
kral), a. Pertaining to
burial, to the grave, or to
monuments to the dead.

— Sep'ul-ture ( -tur), n.
A depositing the dead in
the grave ; interment.

Se-qua'cious (se-kwa'-
shiis), a. Following ; at-
tendant ; having logical
sequence.

Se'quel (se'kwel), n. That
which follows ; a con-
tinuation ; consequence ;
event.

Se'quence ( seHswens ), n.
State of being sequent ;
succession ; series. — Se'-
quent (se'kwent), «. Fol-
lowing: succeeding.
-Se-ques'ter ( se-kwes'ter ),
v. t. [Sequestered
( -terd ) ; Sequestering.]
To seize and hold for a
time ; to withdraw ; to set
apart ; to separate from
other things. —Se-ques'-
tra-ble (-tra-b'l), a. Capa-
ble of being sequestered.

— Se-ques'trate ( -trat),
v: t. To sequester, —
Seq'nes-tra'tion (sek'-

wes-tra'shun), n. A se-
questering ; retirement. —

Seq'ues-tra'tor (-ter), n.
Se'quin (se'kwTn), «. A

gold coin of Italy and of
I Turkey.
Se-quoi'a ( se-kwoi'a ), n.

A coniferous California

tree, growing to immense

height ; the big tree ;

redwood.

irge
n the

Sequoia, -with lar
Pines and Firs i
background. This
one is " The Beauty
of the Forest," said
to be 325 feet high.

fern, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SERAGLIO

386

SETTLE

Se-ragl'io (se-r51'yo or -ral'yo), n. The palace
of the Turkish sultan ; a harem ; a house of de-
bauchery.

Ser'aph (ser'crf), n. ; pi. E. Seeaphs (-afs) ; Heb.
Seraphim (-a-fim). An angel of the highest or-
der. — Se-raph'ic ( se-rSFik ), Se-raph/ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Angelic ; sublime ; pure.

Ssr'a-phine (ser'a-fen), n. A reed instrument of
the organ kind.

Sere (ser), a. Dry ; withered. See Seae.

Ser e-nade' (sSr'e-nad'), n. Music performed in
the open air at night in compliment to some
person, esp. to a lady. — v. t. & i. To give a
nocturnal concert.

Se-rene' (se-ren'), a. Clear and calm ; fair ; un-
disturbed. — Se-rene'ly, adv. — Se-rene'ness,
Se-ren'i-ty (-ren'I-ty), n.

Serf (serf), n. A servant or slave employed in
husbandry. — Serfage (-aj), Serf 'dom (-dum),
n. The condition of serfs.

Serge ( serj) , n. A woolen twilled stuff, of
worsted warp and woolen weft.

Ser'geant (siir'jent or ser'jent), n. A noncom-
missioned military officer, next in rank above
the corporal ; in England, a lawyer of the high-
est rank. — Sei'geant-at-arms'. A legislative
officer who executes the commands of the body
in preserving order. — Ser'gean-cy ( -jen-sy" ),
Ser'geant-cy (-jent-s£), or Ser'geant-ship, n.
Office of a sergeant.

Se'ri-al (se'ri-ol), a. Pertaining to, or consisting
of, a series; appearing in successive parts. — n.
A work appearing in a series of parts ; a tale
published in successive numbers of a peri-
odical.

HSe'ri-a'tim (se'rl-a'tTm), adv. In regular order ;
severally.

8e-ri'ceouS (se-rTsh'us), a. Pertaining to, or
consisting of, silk ; silky. — Ser'i-cnl'ture (sSr7-
T-kuFtfir), n. The raising of silkworms.

Se'ries (sg'rez or se'rT-ez), n. A number of
things in order, and connected ; sequence.

Se'rl-ous (se'rT-us), a. Grave , important ; at-
tended with danger ; solemn ; weighty. — Se'rf-

ons-ly, adv. — Se'ri-ous-ness, n.

Ser'mon (ser'niun), n. A discourse, for religious
instruction, grounded on Scripture ; a serious
address. — Ser'mon-ize (-Iz), v. i. [Sermon-
ized (-izd) ; Sermonizing.] To compose or
write sermons ; to preach. — Ser'mon-iz'er, n.

Se-ros'i-ty (se-rSsT-ty), n. The thin, watery
part of animal fluids ; serum. — Se'rous (se'-
rus), a. Thin ; watery ; pertaining to serum.

Ser'pent ( ser ' pent ), n. A snake ; a subtle or
malicious person ; a species of firework.
pen-tine (-pgn-tin), a. Like a serpent
ed ; spiral. — n. A mineral or rock
spotted or mottled like a serpent's
skin.

Ser'rate (seVrat), Ser'ra-ted (-ra-tSd),
a. Notched on the edge, like a saw.

Ser'ried (ser'rTd), a. Crowded ; dense ;
compact.

Se'rum (se'rvim), n. The watery part
of animal fluids, blood, milk, etc.

Serv'ant (serv'ant), n. One who serves
or labors for another ; one of base
condition or ignoble spirit.

Serve (serv), v. t. [Served (servd) ;
Serving.] To work for; to act as
servant to ; to render obedience and worship to

to minister to ; to bring or distribute (food pre-
pared for eating, etc.); to conduce to ; to sat-
isfy. — v. i. To be a servant ; to wait ; to dis-
charge the requirements of an employment ; to
act as a soldier, seaman, etc. ; to be sufficient ;
to answer.

Serv'ice (serv'Ts), n. A serving ; performance of
labor for another ; assistance or kindness ren-
dered ; office ; religious duty performed ; mili-
tary or naval duty ; a set of vessels used at
table. — Serv'ice-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Doing serv-.
ice ; beneficial ; advantageous ; durable ; dili-
gent ; officious. — Serv'ice-a-ble-ness, n. —
Serv'ice-a bly, adv.

Serv'ile (serv'Tl), a. Pertaining to a servant;
slavish ; mean ; held in subjection ; cringing ;
fawning. — Serv'ile ly, adv. — Serv'ile-ness,
Ser:vil'i-ty (feSr-yin-ty), n.

Serv'i-tor (servl-ter), n. A servant ; an attend-
ant ; an undergraduate, at the University of
Oxford, partly supported by college funds.

Serv'i-tude (-tud), n. State of subjection to a
master ; service ; bondage.

Ses'sile (i-gs'sTl), a. Attached without any sen-
sible projecting support.

Ses'sion (sgsh'un), n. A sit-)
ting, or being seated ; a meet-
ing of a court, council, legis-
lature, etc., for transacting
business.— Ses'Sion-al (-al),
a. Pertaining to sessions.

Sess'pool' (ses'pool'), n. A cis-
tern in the earth to receive
sediment from drains ; a cess-

_ Poo1- , „ „- . 4 ^ Sessile Leaves.

Ses'terce (ses'ters), n. A Ro-
man coin, worth about four cents.

Set (set), v. t. [Set; Setting.] To cause to
sit ; to place ; to put ; to fix ; to make fast or
stable ; to apply (one's self) ; to adapt (words)
to notes. — v. i. To pass below the horizon ; to
go down ; to tend ; to become fixed or rigid ; to
apply one's self. —a. Fixed; firm; uniform;
formal ; prescribed. — n. A setting ; descent be-
low the horizon ; anything set, placed, or fixed ;
number of things of the same kind ; an assort-
ment ; a suit ; a clique. — Set'ting, «. A put-
ting, marking, or inserting ; that in which a
gem, etc., is set or secured.

Se-ta'ce0US (se-ta'shus), a. Set with, or con-
sisting of, bristles ; slender like a bristle.

Se-tig'er-OUS (se-tlj'er-us), a. Bearing or cov-
ered with bristles.

Set'-Off' (set'Sf). n. That which is set off
against another thing ; an offset ; an ornament ;
a legal counterclaim.

Se'ton (se't'n), n. A twist of hairs or threads,
to keep a wound open.

Se-tOSO' (se-tos'), Se'tOUS (se'tus), a. Set with
bristles ; bristly.

Set-tee' (sgt-te'), n. A long seat with a back.

Set/ter (^gt'ter), n. One who or that which sets ;
a hunting dog, akin to the spaniel and pointer.

Set'ting. n. See under Set, v. t.

Set'tle (sgt't'l), n. A bench with a high back.

Set'tle (sgt't'l), v.*. [Settled (-t'ld) ; Settling.]
To fix or make firm or stable ; to establish ; to
render quiet, clear, etc. ; to still ; to adjust
(something in discussion or accounts) ; to liqui-
date ; to colonize; to people, —v. i. To be-
come fixed or permanent ; to establish one's

a, e, I, o, u, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; Benftte, € vent, Idea, 6bey., ftnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SETTLER

387

SHADOWY

self ; to assume a lasting form or condition ; to
become quiet or clear, or dry and hard ; to
sink gradually ; to subside ; to adjust differ-
ences or accounts. — Set'tler, n. — Set'tle-
ment (-ment), n. A settling or being settled

— Set'tling (-tllng), n. A making a settle-
ment ; a subsiding ; pi. lees ; dregs ; sediment.

Set'-W (set'tobO, n. A conflict.

Sev'en (seV'n), a. One more than six. — n. The
number greater by one than six ; a symbol
representing seven units, as 7, or vii.

Sev'en-fold/ (seV'n-foldOj a. Repeated seven
times.

Sev'en-night (sen'nit or -nit), n. A week.

Sev'en-teen' (seV'n-teu'), a. One more than
sixteen. — n. The sum of ten and seven ; a
symbol representing seventeen units, as 17, or
xvii. — SeVen-teenth/ (-tenth'), a. One next
after the sixteenth ; being one of seventeen
equal parts. — n. One of seventeen equal parts ;
the next after the sixteenth.

Seventh (seV'nth), a. One next after the
sixth ; being one of seven equal parts. — n. One
of seven equal parts ; one next after the sixth.

— Sev'enth-ly, adv. In the seventh place.
Sev'en-tl-eth (seVn-tT-gth), a. Next after the

sixty-ninth ; being one of seventy equal parts.

— n. One of seventy equal parts ; one next in
order after the sixty-ninth.

Sev'en-ty (seV'n-tjf), a. Seven times ten. — n.
The sum of seven times ten ; a symbol repre-
senting seventy units, as 70, or lxx.

Sev'er (sSv'er), v. t. & £. [Severed (-erd) ; Sev-
ering.] To separate; to cut or break open or
apart ; to divide ; to disconnect. — Sev'er-al
(-orl), a. Separate ; distinct ; various ; more
than two, but not many ; sundry. — Sev'er-al-
ly, adv. Separately ; apart from others. — Sev'-
er-al-ty (-ty), n. A separation from others. —
Sev'er-ance (-«ms), n. A severing or dividing.

Se-vere/ (se-ver'), a. Very strict, in judgment,
discipline, or government ; austere ; stern ;
hard ; rough ; harsh ; sarcastic ; cutting ; keen ;
cruel ; difficult to be endured. — Se-verely,
adv. — Se-vere'ness, Se-ver'i-ty (-ver'T-ty), n.

Sew (so), v. t. [Sewed (sod) ; p. p. Sewed, rarely
Sewn (son) ; p. vr. Sewing.] To fasten together
with needle and thread. — v. i. To practice
sewing. — Sew'er (so'er), n.

Sew'age (su'aj), n. The contents of a sewer;
an arrangement of sewers ; sewerage. — Sew'er
(su'er), n. A passage to convey off water and
filth underground. — Sew'er-age (-aj), n. The
system of sewers in a city, town, etc. ; drain-
age by sewers.

Sex (seks), n. Distinction of male and female ;
one of the two groups formed on this distinc-
tion ; esp., womankind.

Sex'a-ge-na'ri-an ( sgks/a-je-na'rT-an ), n. One
sixty years old. — a. Sixty years old. — Sex-
ag'e-na-ry ( sgks-Sj'e-na-ry or sgks'a-je- ), a.
Pertaining to sixty ; proceeding by sixties. — n.
A sexagenarian.

LSex'a-ges'i-ma (sgks'a-jeVY-ma), n. The sec-
ond Sunday before Lent, being about sixty days
before Easter. — Sex'a-geB'i-mal (-mal), a.
Pertaining to sixty.

Sex-en'nl-al (seks-Sn'nT-fd), a. Lasting six years ;
happening; onoe in six years.

Sex'fid (sSks'fid), Sex'i-fld (-T-fTd), a. Six-cleft ;
divided into six parts.

Sextant.

Sex'tant (seks'tant), n. The sixth part of a cir«
cle ; an instrument for meas-
uring angular distances.

Sex'tile (seks'til), n. Aspect
of two planets distant from
each other sixty degrees.

Sex-tll'lion (sSks-tll'yfin), n.
By French (ind American)
numeration, the product of<
a thousand involved to the
seventh power, expressed by
a unit followed by 21 ciphers ;
by English notation, the product of a million
involved to the sixth power, expressed by a unit
followed by 36 ciphers.

Sex'tO-dec'i-mO (sgks'to-dSsl-ino), a. Having
16 leaves to a sheet, or of the size of sheets so
folded. — n. ; pi. Sextodecimos (-moz). A book
composed of sheets folded into 16 leaves, or
32 pages; the size of such a book; — usually
indicated thus : 16mo, 16°.

Sex'ton (seks'tun), n. An under officer who
takes care of the church, attends on the clergy-
man, digs graves, etc. — Sex'ton-ship, n. Of-
fice of a sexton.

Sex'tll-ple (sgks'tu-p'l), a. Six times as much ;
sixfold.

S9X'u-al (se'ks'u-al or sgk'shu-al), a. Pertaining
to, or distinguishing, sex. — Sex'U-al/i-ty (-51'-
T-t^), n. Distinction by sex.

Shab (sh5b), v. i. [Shabbed (shSbd) ; Shabbing.]
To play mean tricks. — v. I. To scratch ; to
rub. — Shabby (sh&Vby), a. [Shabbies ; Shab-
biest.] Worn to rags; mean; poor: paltry; des-
picable. — Sh.ab'bi-iy, adv. — Shab'bi-ness, n.

Shactle (sha'k'k'l), n. A fetter or chain; —
generally in pi. — v. t. [Shackled ( -k'ld ) ;
Shackling.] To tie or confine; to impede ; to
fetter ; to join (railroad cars) by a Hnk or chain.

Shad (sh5d), n. sing. & pi. A food fish of the
Herring family.

. Shad.

Shad'dock (shSd'duk), n. A tropical tree and its
orangelike fruit.

Shade (shad), n. Comparative obscurity owing
to interception of light ; an obscure place ; a
retreat ; protection ; shelter ; a spirit or ghost ;
a very minute difference ; degree ; pi. place of
the dead.— 1\ t. To keep light from; to ob-
scure. — Shad'y (shad'y), a. Sheltered from
light or heat ; pertaining to darkness ; dubious
or corrupt. — Shad'i-ly, adv. — Shad'1-ness, n.

Shad'OW (shXd'o), n. Shade caused by a body
which intercepts rays of light ; shade ; obscu-
rity ; the darker part of a picture ; a faint rep-
resentation ; mystical representation ; type ;
phantom; mockery. — v. t. [Shadowed (-6d) ;
Shadowing.] To cut off light from ; to shade ;
to represent typically ; to attend as closely as a
shadow ; to dog. — Shad'OW-y (-$>), a. Full of
shade ; obscure ; faint ; typical ; unreal.

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, firn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SHADY

388

SHARP

Shad'y (shad'^), a. See under Shade, n.

Shaft (shaft), n. The slender stern of an arrow ;
a missile ; the body of a column ; the spire of
a steeple ; one of the thills of a carriage ; in
machinery, a bar revolving on journals ; an ex-
cavation in the earth, through which a mine is
reached and ore brought to the surface.

Shag (shag), n. Coarse or woolly hair ; cloth
having a long, coarse nap ; a kind of tobacco.

— v. I. [Shagged (shagd) ; Shagging.] To
make rough, hairy, or shaggy. — Shag'gy (-g^),
a. [Shaggieb ; Shaggiest. ] Rough with long
hair or wool ; rugged. — Shag'ged-ness, Shag'-
gi-ness, n. — Shag'bark/ (-bark7), n. A species
of hickory, and its nut ; — so called from its
shaggy bark.

Sha-green' (sha-gren')i n. Leather prepared with-
out tanning, from skins of horses, asses, and
camels, and covered with small granulations.

Shall (sha), n. The monarch of Persia. [Writ-
ten also schah.~\

Shake (shak), v. t. [imp. Shook (sh<56k) ; p.p.
Shaken (shaken) ; p. pr. Shaking.] To move
with quick vibrations ; to make to tremble ; to
agitate ; to endanger ; to cause to waver ; to
trill ; to rid one's self of. — v. i. To tremble ;
to quake ; to totter. — n. Vibratory motion ; a
trill. — Shak'er, n. One that shakes ; one of
a peculiar religious sect. — Shak'y (shak'y), a.
[Shakier (-T-er) ; Shakiest.] Trembling ; easily
shaking ; tottering ; unsound.

Shak'O (shSk'o), n. A military cap.

Shale (shal), n. A shell or husk ; a fine-grained
slaty rock.

Shalljshai), v. i. & auxiliary, [imp. Should
(shdod).] [Shall is defective, having no infini-
tive, imperative, or participle.] As an auxili-
ary, shall indicates a duty or necessity derived
from the person speaking ; as, you shall go.
After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether)
shall expresses futurity simply. Should is used
in the same senses as shall, as its imperfect.

Shal-loon' (sh51-lobn'), n. A thin, loosely woven,
twilled worsted stuff.

Shal'lop(shXl'liip),»?.. A boat.

Shallot' (shH-lStf), n. A kind of small onion.

Shallow (shSl'lo), a. Having little depth ; shoal ;
ignorant ; superficial ; empty ; silly. — n. A
place where the water is of little depth ; a
shoal ; a flat ; a shelf. — v. t. & i. To make or
become shallow. — Shal'lOW-ness, ».

Shalt (sliSlt), 2d per. sing, of Shall.

Sham (shSm), n. A trick, fraud, or device that
deludes ; imposture ; humbug. — a. False ;
counterfeit; pretended, —v. t. & i. [Shammed
(shamd) ; Shamming.] To deceive expectation ;
to trick ; to cheat ; to imitate ; to ape.

Sham/ble (shXm'b'l), v. i. [Shambled (-b'ld) ;
Shambling.] To walk unsteadily, as if the
knees were weak ; to shuffle along.

Sham'bles (shSm'b'lz), n. pi. A place where
butcher's meat is sold, or where animals are
slaughtered ; an abattoir.

Shame (sham), n. A painful consciousness of
guilt or of exposure ; disgrace ; dishonor ; re-
proach.— v. t. [Shamed (shamd); Shaming.]
To make ashamed ; to dishonor ; to disgrace.

— Shame'faced' (-fast'), a. Diffident; bash-
ful Shame'iul (ful), a. Bringing shame or
disgrace ; indecent ; unbecoming ; scandalous ;

infamous.- Shame'ful-ly, adv. — Shame'ful-

A plant used as the

ness, n. — Shame'less, a. Destitute of shame ;
wanting modesty ; impudent ; audacious ; in-
decent ; indelicate. — Shame'less-ly, adv. —
Shame'less-ness, n.

Sham'my (sham'my), n. The chamois ; a kind
of leather prepared originally from its skin, and
very soft and pliant.

Sham-poo' (sham-pdo'), v . t. To rub the surface
of the body, after a hot bath ; to wash the head
of, with a soapy preparation. — n. A shampoo-
ing.

Sham'rock (sham'rok), n.
Irish national em-
blem ; white trefoil ;
white clover.

Shang'hai' (shSng'
hi' ) , n. A large breed
of domestic fowl.

Shank (shank), n. The
leg from knee to foot;
the shin ; part of a
tool serving as a han-
dle.

Qlinn't f<sV.ann finntr Shamrock, a Wood Sorrel :

Shof AS "2: [ell jste cloveri c Black

log.']

Shan'ty (shan'ty), n. A mean dwelling ; a hut.

Shape (shap), v. t. [imp. Shaped (shapt) ; p. p.
Shaped or Shapen (shap''n) ; p. pr. Shaping.]
To form or create ; to mold or make into a par-
ticular form ; to adapt to a purpose ; to adjust ;
to direct. — ». Make ; figure ; form ; guise. —
Shape'less, a. Destitute of regular form. —
Shape'ly (-ly), a. [Shapelier (-lT-er) ; Shape-
liest.] Having regular shape ; well-formed.

Shard (shard), n. A piece of an earthern vessel
or like brittle substance ; the hard wingcase of
a beetle or shell of a snail.

Share (shSr), n. The blade of a plow which cuts
the ground.

Share (shSr), n. A certain portion ; a part ; a
division. — v. t. [Shared (sh&rd) ; Sharing.]
To part among two or more ; to divide ; to par-
take with others, —r. i. To have part; to re-
ceive a portion. — Shar'er. n. One who shares
or participates ; a partaker. — Shareholder
(-hold'er), n. One who holds a share in a joint
fund or property.

Shark (shark), n. A voracious sea fish ; a ra-

Man-eatin? Shark,
pacious person ; a sharper. — v. i. [Sharked
(sharkt); Sharking.] To swindle; to live by
tricks and shifts.
Sharp (sharp), a. Having a thin edge or fine
point ; keen ; penetrating ; acute ; quick ;
shrewd; sour; acid; pungent ; severe ; biting ;
painful; harsh; fierce ; fiery. — n. An acute
sound ; a character in music [JJ] which directs
that a note be raised a half step in pitch ; a
sewing needle with very fine point. — v. t.
[Sharped (sharpt) ; Sharping.] To make keen,

ii, e, I, o, u, long ; a, fi, I, 5, fi, y, short; sen&te, Svent, Idea, 6bey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

SHAEPLY

389

SHEETING

acid, acute, etc. ; to raise (a musical tone)
above the proper pitch. — v. i. To play tricks
in bargaining. — Sharp'ly, adv. — Sharp'ness,
n. — Sharp'en (sharp''ii;. v. t. [Sharpened
(-'nd) ; Sharpening.] To render quick or
acute. — v. i. To become sharp. — Sharp'er, n.
A shrewd man in bargains ; a swindler ; a cheat ;
a deceiver. — Sharp'-set' (-set/), a. Eager in
appetite ; raveuous. — Sharp'shoot er (-shobt/-
er), n. One skilled in shooting ; a good marks-
man. — Sharp'-sight ed (-sit'ed), a. Having
quick sight ; of acute understanding. — Sharp'-
wit ted (-wit tSd |, a. Having an acute or
nicely discerning mind.
Sharp'ie (sharpT), «. A long, sharp, flat-bot-
tomed boat, having one or two masts, with leg-
of-mutton sails.

Sharpie.

Shat'ter (shatter), r. t. [Shattered (-terd) ;
Shattering.] To break in many pieces; to
disorder ; to render unsound. — v. i. To be
broken into fragments.

Shave (shav), v. I. [imp. Shaved (shavd) ; p. p.
Shaved or Shaven (shaVn) : p. pr. Shaving.]
To cut or pare off ; to skim along the surface
of; to strip; to fleece. — v. i. To remove the
beard with a razor ; to cut closely j to cheat. —
n. A thin 6lice or shaving ; a cutting the beard ;
exorbitant discount for cashing a note ; a draw-
ing knife ; a passing so near as almost to graze.
— To Shave a note. To purchase it at great
discount, or to take excessive interest upon it.
[ Colloq. ] — Shav'er. n. One who shaves; a
sharp dealer ; a cheat ; a little fellow ; a lad. —
ShaVlng, n. A paring the surface ; a thin slice
pared off. — Shaveling, n. One whose head
is shaved ; a monk.

Shawl (shall, n. A woolen cloth to cover the
neck and shoulders.

Shawm (sham), n. An obsolete musical wind
instrument.

She (she), pron. [Sing. nom. She; poss. Her
(her) or Hers (herz) ; obj. Her ; pi. nom. They
(tha) ; poss. Twt.tr (thSr or thar) or Theirs
(rharz or tharz) ; obj. Them (them). This or
that female ; the woman referred to.

Sheaf -lief), n. ; pi. Sheaves (shevz). A bundle
of stalks of wheat, rye, oat.*, etc. — '. i. X t.
To collect and bind ; to make (ahesn

Shear (sher), v.t. [imp. Sheared (sherd) (Shore
(shor) Obs. ); p. p. Sheared or Shorn
p. pr. Shearing.] To cut with shears, scissors,
etc. ; to clip from a surface, —n. pi. A cutting
instrument of two pivoted blades ; a frame of

poles with tackle for raising heavy weights.
Shear'er. .

Sheath (sheth), n. A case
for a sword or other in-
strument ; a scabbard ;
any thin covering for de-
fense. — Sheathe
(sheth). v. t. [Sheathed
( shethd ) ; Sheathing.]
To put into a sheath or
case ; to case or c o v e r

with boards, sheets of '_'•'

metal, etc. ; to cover or [™J
line. — Sheath 'er, n. — Cu_

Sheath'ing, n. A casing; &&ears.

material for covering, encasing, or ceiling.

Sheave (shev), n. A wheel in a pulley.

Shed (shed), r. t. [Shed ; Sheddixg.] To throw
off or give forth ; to emit. — Shed'der. n. One
that sheds ; a crab while casting its shell.

Shed (shed), n. A slight erection to shelter
something ; a hut.

Sheen (shen), a. Bright ; showy. — n. Bright-
ness : splendor.

Sheep (shep), n. sing. & pi. A small ruminant
quadruped, valued for its flesh and wool. —
Sheep'cot' (-kot/), Sheep'cotc (-kot ), Sheep'-
fold' (-fold'), 72. A small iuclosure for sheep;
a pen. — Sheep'ish (-Tsh), a. Like a sheep ;
bashful : foolishly diffident. — Sheep'ish-ly,
adv. — Sheep'ish-ness. *.— Sheep's '-eye7
(sheps'i ■'), n. A diffident, loving, or desiring
look. — Sheeps'head' (-hed'), n. A large food

Sheepshead.

fish of the Atlantic coast. — Sheep 'skin',
(-skin'), n. The skin of a sheep, or leather
prepared from it ; a graduate's diploma.

Sheer (sher), a. Bright ; pure ; clear ; simple ;
mere ; downright ; transparent or thin ; per-
pendicular ; straight up and down.

Sheer (sher), r. i. [Sheered (sherd) : Sheering.]
To deviate from the proper course ; to turn
aside. — n. A turn or change in a course ; tho
longitudinal curve of a ship's deck or sides ; pi.
shears, a hoisting implement.

Sheet (shet), n. A broad expanse : a broad piece
of linen or cotton cloth spread over a bed ; a
broad piece of paper ; a newspaper ; an expanse
of water ; a thinly expanded portion of metal,
etc. ; a rope fastened to the lower corner of a
sail, to extend and retain it in position ; pi. the
space in the forward or after part of a boat,
where there are no rowers. — v. t. To fold in a
sheet ; to cover as with a sheet ; to expand, as
a sheet. — Sheet anchor. The largest anchor
of a ship ; the chief support ; main reliance. —
Sheet'ing, n. Cloth for sheets.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SHEIK

390

SHIP

Sheik (shek ; Ar. shak), n. The head of an Arab
tribe. [Written also scheik, shaik, sheikh.]

Shek/el (shekel), n. An ancient weight and coin
among the Jews.

Shel'drake' . (shel'drak'), n. A large species of
duck, resembling a goose in shape.

Sheldrake.

Shell (shelf), n. ; pi. Shelves (shSlvz). A raised
horizontal board or platform, for holding ves-
sels, books, etc. ; a sandbank in the sea, or a
rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water
shallow and dangerous to ships. — Shelf 'y (-y),
a. Abounding in shelves ; full of shallows.

Shell (shel), n. A hard outside covering, esp.
the natural protection of certain fruits and an-
imals and of eggs ; a bomb, or hollow iron
sphere of iron, filled with gunpowder, designed
to burst into pieces when the powder explodes.
— v. t. [Shelled (sheld) ; Shelling.] To
divest or take out of the shell ; to separate
(corn, etc.) from the ear ; to throw bomb shells
into. — v. i. To fall off ; to cast the exterior
covering. — Shell'er, n. — Shell'y, a. Abound-
ing with, or consisting of, shells. — Shell'bark/
(-bark'), n. A kind of hickory having loose
and peeling bark. — Shell'fish', n. An aquatic
animal covered with a shell.

Shell'-laC (shel'laV), Shel'laC, n. The resin
lac, melted and strained, and spread into plates.

Shel'ter (slighter), n. That which covers or de-
fends from injury ; an asylum ; a refuge ; pro-
tection ; security. — v. t. [Sheltered (-terd) ;
Sheltering.] To furnish a shelter for ; to
shield ; to protect. — v. i. To take shelter. —
Shel'ter-less, a. Destitute of shelter.

Shel'tle(shgl't^),n. A Shetland pony. [Written
also shelly.']

Shelve (shglv), v. t. [Shelved (shSlvd) ; Shelv-
ing.] To furnish with, or put on, a shelf; to
put aside or out of sight, —v. i. To incline ; to
be sloping. — Shelv'y (-^), a. Full of rocks or
sandbanks ; shallow.

She'ol (she'ol), n. The place of departed spir-
its; Hades.

Shep'herd (shep'erd), n. One employed in tend-
ing shoe]) ; the pastor of a congregation.—
Shep'herd-ess (-erd-gs), n. A woman that
tends sheep ; a rustic lass.

Sher'bet (sher'bet), n. An Oriental drink flavored
with fruits and sweetened ; a flavored water ice.

Sherd (sherd), n. A fragment.

Sher'ifi (shSr'Tf), n. The chief officer of a
county. - Sher'lff-al-ty (-al-tj), Sher'iff-ship
(-sliT)>), n. The office of sherill ; shrievalty.

Sher'rylsliSr'r^)^"- A strong wine of amber color.

Shew («ho), Shewn (shon). See Show, v. I.

Shield (sheld), n. A piece of defensive armor ; a
defense ; protection. — v. t. To protect.

Shift (shift), v. t. & i. To change ; to transfer
from one place to another ; to change (clothes,
residence, principles, etc.). — n. A turning from
one thing to another ; an expedient ; fraud ;
artifice ; a woman's under-garment ; a chemise.

— Shift/ei, n. — Shift/less, a. Destitute of
expedients ; incapable ; improvident ; lazy 5
weak. — Shift'less-ly, adv. — Shift'less-ness,
n. — Shift'y (-y), a. Fertile in shifts or eva-'
sions ; tricky. — Shift/i-ness, n.

Shil-la'lah (sMl-15'la), Shil-la'ly (-iy), n. A
cudgel. [Irish]

Shilling (shilling), n. An English silver coin,
worth 12 pence, or the twentieth of a pound,
equivalent to about 24 cents.

Shil'ly-Shally (shll'I-shal'T), adv. In an irres-
olute or hesitating manner, —v. i. To hesitate ;
to busy one's self with trifles. — n. Irresolu-
tion ; occupation with trifles.

Shi'ly, adv. See Shyly, under Shy, a.

Shim'mer (shTm'mer), v. i. [Shimmered (-merd) ;
Shimmering.] To shine faintly ; to glisten. —
n. A gleaming ; a glimmering.

Shin (shin), n. The fore part of the leg, between
ankle and knee. —v. i. & t. [Shinned (shind) ;
Shinning.] To climb with the hands and legs ;
to run about, as in borrowing money.

Shin'dy (shinMy), n. An uproar ; spree ; row.

Shine (shin), v. i. [imp. Shone (shon or shon) ;
p. p. Shone or Shined (shind) ; p. pr. Shining.]
To emit rays of light ; to be lively and anima-
ted ; to be conspicuous. — n. Fair weather ;
brightness ; luster ; gloss ; a fancy. — Shin'er,
n. That which shines ; a small fresh- water fish
of the minnow kind. — Shin'ing, a. Radiant ;
bright ; splendid ; conspicuous ; distinguished.

— Shin'y (-^), a. Bright ; clear ; unclouded.
Shin'gle (shin'g'l), n. Round, water-worn, loose

gravel and pebbles.

Shin'gle (shin'g'l), n. An oblong piece of wood,
thinner at one end than the other, for cover-
ing roofs, etc., the thick ends of one row over-
lapping the thin ends of the row below. —
Shin'gle, v . t. [Shingled (-g'ld) ; Shingling.]
To cover with shingles ; to cut (hair) so that
the ends are evenly exposed.

Shin'gle (shin'g'l), v. t. To squeeze or hammer
(iron from "the puddling furnace), to expel im-
purities. — Shin'gler, n.

Shin'gles (shin'g'lz), n. A kind of herpes or tet-
ter, encircling the body like a girdle.

Shin'ing, Shin'y. See under Shine, v. i.

Ship (ship), n. A large seagoing vesBel, esp. one
square-rigged and having three masts. — r. t.

'«M

Ground Plan of 11 Shin.
p Prow : 7 Lnrbonrd, or Port : a Starboard I 1 Round-
House; 2 Tiller; :; c, rutins;; 4 Wheel 1 5 Wheel Chains 1
6 Binnacle 1 7 Mizrenmast ■ 8 Skylight 1 9 Capstan i 10
Mainmast) 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose 1 13 Main
Hatchway; 14 Windlass: i.r. Foremast: 16 Fore Hatch-
way! 17 Hitts; IS Bowsprit! l'Hlend Hnil : 20 BoOlU-
kins; 21 Hows; 22 Fore Chains; 21 Main Chains 1 24
AIizr.cn Chnins.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 6, tt, y, short ; acuate, Svent, Idea, obey, finite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

SHIPPER

391

SHOCKINGLY

[Shipped (shipt) ; Shipping (ship'pTng).] To
put ou board of a ship or vessel ; to dispose of ;
to engage for service on a ship ; to fix anything
in its place ; to send (freight) by any convey-
ance. — v. i. To engage for service on a ship.

— Ship'per, n. One who sends goods by ship
or other conveyance. — Ship'ooard' (-bord'),
adv. Upon a ship ; aboard. — Ship'mas'ter
(-mas'ter), n. The captain or commander of a
ship. — Ship'mate/ (-mat'), n. A fellow sailor.

— Ship'ment (-ment), n. A putting anything
on board of a ship or other public conveyance ;
embarkation ; that which is shipped. — Siiip'-

plng, a. Relating to ships. — n. The sending
goods by ship or other conveyance ; ships col-
lectively ; tonnage. — Ship'shape7 (-shap7), a. &
adv. In a seamanlike manner ; trim ; orderly ;
properly ; according to usage. — Ship'wreck'
(-rek'), n. The destruction of a vessel by being
driven against rocks, shoals, etc. ; total de-
struction ; ruin. — v. t. [Shipwrecked (-rgkt') ;
Shipwrecking.] To destroy (a ship at sea) ; to
expose (sailors) to destruction by the loss of a
ship. — Ship'wrighf (-rhV), n. A builder of
vessels. — Ship'yard' (-yard'), n. A yard where
ships are built, repaired, etc.

SCKrt P.iJPtUW

SWre (shir, sher, shir, sher), n. A county.

Shirk ( sherk), v. t. [Shirked (shgrkt) ; Shirk-
ing.] To avoid or get off from ; to slink away.
— ra. One who avoids duty or lives by shifts
and tricks.

ShlXT (sher), n. A sewing (cloth) in parallel
rows of gathers. —Shirred (sherd), a. Gath-
ered into a shirr ; broken into an earthen dish
and baked over the fire ; — said of eggs.

Shirt (shert), n. A garment worn next the upper
part of the body. — Shirt'ing, n. Cloth for
shirts.

Shive (shiv), n. A slice ; a fragment ; a thin
flat cork for a wide-mouthed bottle ; a wooden
bung for a cask.

Shiv'er (shiv'er), n. A small fragment or splin-
ter. — v. t. & i. [Shivered (-erd) ; Shivering.]
To break into many small pieces ; to shatter.

Shiv'er (shtv'er), v. i. To quake ; to tremble ;
to quiver from cold or fear. — n. A shivering ;
a shuddering ; a tremor.

Shoal (shol), n. A crowd ; a throng ; — said esp.
of fish. — v. i. [Shoaled (shold) ; Shoaling.]
To assemble in a multitude ; to crowd.

Shoal (shol), a. Of little depth ; shallow. — n.
A place where the water of a sea, river, pond,
etc., is shallow ; a bar ; a sandbank. — r I. & i.
To make or become shallow. — Shoal'V (shol'J),
a. Full of shoals ; shallow. — Shoal'i-ness, n.
Shallowness.

Shoat (shot), n. A young hog. See Shote.

Shock (shok), n. A pile of sheaves (of wheat,
rye, etc.). — v. t. & i. To collect or make up
into shocks.

Shock (sh5k), n. A collision; concussion; a
thing which surprises or offends ; violent agita-
tion of the bodily organs or nervous system. —
v. t. [Shocked (shSkt) ; Shocking.] To strike
against suddenly ; to strike with surprise, hor-
ror, or disgust; to offend. — Shock'ing, a.
Striking, as with horror or disgust ; extremely
offensive. — Shock'lng-ly, adv.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, r^jde, full, ur\ food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SHOCK

392

SHOWY

Shock (shok), n. A dog with long hair or shag ;
a thick mass of short hair. —a. Bushy.

Shod, imp. & p. p. of Shoe.

Shod'dy (shod'dy), n. Fibrous material from
refuse woolen goods, rags, druggets, etc. ; poor
cloth largely composed of shoddy. — a. Made
of, or containing, shoddy ; sham ; pretentious.

Shoe (shoo), n. ; pi. Shoes (shooz). A covering
for the foot ; a plate of iron on the bottom of
the runner of a sleigh, on a brake, etc. ; a socket.
— »;. t. [Shod (shod); Shoeing.] To furnish
with shoes ; to cover at the bottom. — Sho'er,
n. — Shoe'Dlack' (-blSk'), n. One who blacks
shoes. — Shoe'mak er (-mak'er), n. One who
makes shoes and boots ; a kind of fish.

Shone, imp. &p. p. of Shine.

Shoo (shoo), inter j. Begone; away; — used in
scaring away fowls, etc.

Shook, imp. of Shake.

Shook (shook), n A set of staves for one hogs-
head, cask, barrel, etc. ; a set of boards for a
sugar box; the parts of a piece of furniture
packed together.

Shoot (shoot), n. A chute, or inclined plane.

Shoot (shoot), v. t. & i. [Shot (shot); Shoot-
ing.] To dart; to jut; to let fly ; to sprout.

— n. A propelling or driving , a sprout ; a
young branch. — Shoot'er, n.

Shop (shop), n. A place where goods are sold
by retail or in which mechanics work ; store ;
warehouse. — v. i. [Shopped (shopt) ; Shop-
ping.] To visit shops for goods. — Shop'per, n.

— Shop'keep'er (-kep'er), n. A trader who
sells goods by retail. — Shop'lift'er (-lift'er),
One who steals in a shop. — Shop'lift'ing,
Larceny committed in a shop. — Shop'man
(-men), n. A petty trader ; a tradesman

Shore (shor), n. The coast or land adjacent to a
sea, lake, etc. — Shore'less, a. Having no
shore or coast ; unbounded ; limitless.

Shore ( shor ), n. A prop, brace, or support.

— v. t. [Shored (shord) ;
Shoring.] To support
by a post or buttress ; to
prop.

Shorn, p. p. of Shear.
Short (sh6rt), a. Not
long ; brief

Ship on the Stocks, sup-
ported by Shores.

inadequate ;
6canty ; defective ; ab-
rupt ; petulant ; crisp ;
brittle ; friable ; not pro-
longed in utterance ; engaging to deliver (stock,
etc.) which one does not possess, —n. A sum-
mary account ; pi. the part of ground grain
next finer than bran. — adv. In a short manner,
as briefly, limitedly, abruptly, suddenly, etc.

— In Short. In few words ; briefly ; to sum
up; in a few words. —The long and short.
The whole. — Shortly, adv. — Shortness, n.

— Short'age (-aj), n. Amount of deficiency ;
deficit. — Short'com'lng (-kum'Yng), n. A fail-
ing or coming short ; failure ; neglect or fail-
ure in duty ; fault. — Short'en (sh6rt"n), v. t.
[Shortened ( -'nd ) ; Shortening.] To make
short ; to reduce or diminish ; to lessen ; to
abridge ; to restrain ; to deprive. — v. i. To
become short or shorter ; to contract. — Short'-
en-er, n. — Short'en-lng, n. A making or be-
coming short ; anything which renders pastry
Bhort or friable, as butter or lard. — Short'hand'
(-hSnd'), n. Abbreviated writing ; stenography.

— Short'-llved' (-livd'), a. Not living or lasting
long ; of short continuance. — Short'sight/ed
(-sit/ed), a. Not able to see far ; nearsighted ;
having little regard for the future ; heedless. —
Short'sight/ed-ness, n. — Short'stop' (-stop'),
n. In baseball, the player stationed between
the second and third bases. — Short'-wind'ed
(-wlnd'ed), a. Affected with shortness of
breath ; having quick respiration.

Shot (sh5t), n. Share or proportion ; reckon-
ing ; scot.

Shot (shot), imp. & p. p. of Shoot. — n. ; pi.
Shot or Shots. A shooting ; a missile weapon ;
a ball or bullet ; small leaden globules for kill-
ing birds, etc. ; flight of a missile, or distance
traversed by it ; a marksman. ■— v. t. [Shotted ;
Shotting.] To load (a gun) with shot over a
cartridge.

Shote (shot), n. A young hog ; a shoat.

ShOUgh (shok), n. A shockdog.

Should (shood), imp. of Shall.

Shoul'der (shol'der), n. The joint connecting
the arm with the body ; the upper part of the
back ; the fore leg of an animal dressed for
market ; projection in machinery, etc. — v. t.
[Shouldered (-derd) ; Shouldering.] To push
or thrust with, or take upon, the shoulder ; to
assume the burden or responsibility of. — Shoul'-
der belt. A belt passing across the shoulder.

— Shoulder blade. The flat bone of the shoul-
der ; the scapula. — Shoulder strap. A strap
worn on or over the shoulder ; a narrow strap
on the shoulder of a military or naval officer,
bearing devices which show what rank he holds.

Shout (shout), v. i. To utter a sudden and loud
cry. — v. 1. To cry loudly ; to clamor. — n. A
loud burst of voice ; a vehement outcry.

Shove (shuv), v. t. & i. [Shoved (shQvd) ; Shov-
ing.] To drive ; to push ; to jostle. — n. A
shoving, pushing, or pressing.

Shov'el (shuv,'l), n. A scooplike instrument for
throwing earth, etc. — v. t. [Shoveled (-'Id) or
Shovelled; Shoveling or Shovelling.] To
throw with a shovel ; to gather in great quanti-
ties. — Shov'el-er, or Shov'el-ler, n.

Show (sho), v. t. & i. [imp. Showed (shod);
p. p. Shown (shon) or Showed ; p. pr. Show-
ing.] To exhibit ; to display ; to prove ; to ap-
pear ; to direct. — ». A showing ; appearance ;
exhibition ; a spectacle ; display ; parade ;
likeness ; appearance ; specious plausibility. —
ShOW'er, n. — Show bill. A broad sheet dis-
playing an advertisement. — Show card. A
placard ; a card for displaying samples. — Show
Case. A glazed case or box for displaying
wares or objects on exhibition.

Show'bread' (sho'brSd'), n. Loaves of bread
which Jewish priests placed before the Lord, in
the sanctuary. [Written also s?iettbread.~\

Show'er ( sh5'er ), n. One who shows or ex-
hibits.

Show'er (shou'er), n. A brief fall of rain or hail.

— v. t. & i. [Showered (-erd) ; Showering.]
To rain in showers ; to wet ; to bestow liber-
ally. — Shower bath. A bath in which water
is showered upon the person from above. —
Show'er-y (-y), a. Raining in showers; per-
taining to showers.

Show'y (sho'y), a. [Showier (-T-er) ; Showiest.]
Making a show ; attracting attention ; gay ;
gaudy ; gorgeous ; pompous ; ostentatious.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, C, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, tlnite, cftre, arm, ask, ^11, final,

SHRANK

393

SICKLY

Broad-nosed Shrew.

Shrank, imp. of Shrink.

Shred (shred), ft. A long, narrow piece torn off ;
a strip; a fragment, —v. t. [Shred; Shred-
ding.] To cut or tear into small pieces.

Shrew (shru), ft. A brawling, turbulent woman ;
a shrewmouse.

Shrewd (shrud), a. Dis-
posed to be critical;
penetrating ; saga-
cious ; subtle ; artful ;
acute. — Shrewdly,
adv. — Shrewd'ness,

Shrew'ish (shru/ish), a. Having the qualities of
a shrew ; f roward ; petulantly clamorous. —
Shrew'ish-ly, adv. — Shrew'ish-ness, n.

Shrew'mouse' (shru'inousO, n. A small, insect-
eating, burrowing animal, resembling a mouse.

Shriek (shrek), v. i. [Shrieked (shrekt) ; Shriek-
ing.] To utter a loud, shrill cry. — n. A sharp
outcry or scream.

Shriev'al-ty (shrev'al-ty), n. Office or jurisdic-
tion of a sheriff.

Shrift (shrift), n. Confession to a priest.

Shrike (shrik), n. A rapacious bird, feeding on
insects, mice, etc. ; butcher bird.

Shrill (shril), a. Acute in sound ; sharp ; pier-
cing. — Shrillness, n. — Shril'ly, adv.

Shrimp (shrimp), ft. A small crustacean, re-
sembling the lobster ; a dwarf.

Shrine (shrin), n. A case or receptacle for sacred
relics ; an altar.

Shrink (shrink), v. i. & t. limp. &p.p. Shrunk
( shrunk ) ; p. pr. Shrinking. The old imp.
Shrank (shrank) and p. p. Shrunken (-'n) are
nearly obsolete.] To become or make less ; to
shrivel ; to contract ; to dry up. — n. A shrink-
ing; recoil.— Shrink/age (-aj),ra. Contraction;
reduction in bulk, dimensions, or value.

Shrive (shrlv), v. t. [Shrived (shrlvd) ; Shriv-
ing.] To receive the confession of ; — said of a
priest ; to confess (one's self).

Shrlv'el (shrivel), v. i. & t. [Shriveled (-'Id) or
Shrivelled ; Shriveling or Shrivelling.] To
shrink or contract.

Shrond (shroud), ft. A cover or garment ; a
winding sheet ; a set of ropes
secured to the sides of a vessel
and supporting the masts. —
v. t. To cover with a shroud ;
to hide ; to veil.

Shrove'tide' (shrov'tld'), «., or
Shrove Tuesday (tuz'da). The
Tuesday following Quinquagesi-
ma Sunday, and preceding the
first day of Lent, or Ash Wednes-
day.

Shrub (shrub), ft. A liquor com- Shrouds,
posed of fruit acid and sugar, with a little spirits
or vinegar.

Shrub (shrub), n. A dwarf tree. — Shrub'ber-y
(shrub'ber-^), n. A collection of shrubs ; a
place where shrubs are planted. — Shrub'by
(-by), a. [Shrubbier (-bT-er) ; Shrubbiest.]
Full of, like, or consisting of, shrubs or brushT
— Shrub'bi-ness, n.

Shrug (shrug), v. t. [Shrugged (shrugd) ; Shrug-
ging.] To draw up ; to contract, esp., to ex-
press dislike, dread, doubt, etc. — v. i. To
raise the shoulders, in aversion, dread, doubt,
etc. — n. A drawing up of the shoulders.

Shrunken, p. p. of Shrink. Contracted ; dried.
Shuck (shuk), n. A shell or covering ; a husk or
pod of a nut. — v. t. [Shucked (shukt) ; Shuck-
ing.] To deprive (oysters, nuts, corn, etc.) of
shucks.
Shud'der (shud'der), v. i. [Shuddered (-derd) ;
Shuddering.] To tremble or shake with fear,
horror, or aversion ; to shiver with cold ; to
quake. — n. Tremor. — Shud'der-ing-ly, adv.
Shuffle (shuf'f'l), v. t. [Shuffled (-fid);
Shuffling (-fling).] To shove one way and the
other ; to throw into disorder ; to change the
relative positions of (cards in the pack). — v. i.
To change the position of cards in a pack ; to
practice shifts ; to move in a slovenly manner ;
to equivocate ; to quibble ; to cavil ; to sophis-
ticate. — ». A shuffling ; an evasion ; an arti-
fice. — Shuffler, n.
Shun (shiin), v. t. [Shunned (shiind) ; Shunning.]
To avoid ; to get out of the way of ; to neglect.
Shunt (shunt), v . t. To turn oft to one side ; to
turn off (a railroad car upon a side track, or an
electric current to another switch) ; to switch
off. — v. i. To turn off. — ft. A turn off to a
side track that the principal rail may be left
free. — Shunt'er, n.
Shut (shut), v. t. & i. [Shut ; Shutting.] To
close ; to contract ; to prohibit ; to bar. — Shut'-
ter, ». One who shuts ; a cover for a window
or other aperture.
Shut'tle (shut't'l), n. A weaver's instrument for
passing the thread of the woof of cloth between
the threads of the warp. — Shut'tle-COCk'
(-k5k0, Shut'tle-cork' (-k6rk'), n.
A cork stuck with feathers, to be
struck by a battledoor in play ; the
game thus played.
Shy (shl), a. [Shyer (shl'er) ; Shy-
est.] Sensitively timid ; reserved;
coy ; wary ; suspicious. — v. i.
[Shied (shid) ; Shying.] To start
suddenly aside, as if frightened. —
n. A sudden start aside, as by a frightened
horse ; a fling. — Shy'ly, Shi'ly, adv. — Shyr-
ness, Shl/ness, n.
Shy'ster (shl'ster), n. A trickish knave ; a dis-
honest lawyer.
Si (se). A syllable applied, in solmization, to the
note B, or to the seventh tone of the major dia-
tonic scale.
SiM-lant (s!b'i-hmt), a. Hissing.— n. A letter
uttered with a hissing sound, as s and z. — Sib'-
i-la'tlon (-la'shun), n. Utterance with a hiss-
ing sound ; the sound itself.
Sib'yl (sib'il), n. An ancient pagan prophetess ;
a female fortune teller. — Sib'yl-line (-Hn), a.
Pertaining to sibyls, or like their productions.
liSic (sik), adv. [L.] Thus ; literally.
Sice (siz or sis), n. The number six at dice.
Sick (sik), a. Affected with, or attended by,
nausea or disease of any kind ; ill ; ailing. —
Sick'ness, n. — Sick headache. Headache
attended with disordered stomach and nausea.
— Sick'en (sTk''n), v. t. [Sickened ( -'nd ) ;
Sickening.] To disgust; to make sick. — v. i.
To be filled to disgust ; to be satiated ; to become
disgusting or sick. — Sick'ish, a. Somewhat
sick ; nauseous. — Sick'ish-Iiess, ft.
Sic'kle (sTk'k'I), ft. A reaping hook. — SiC'kle-

man (-mSn), n. A reaper.
Sick'ly (sTk'ly),rr. [Sicklier (-lT-er) ; Sickli-

ShuttlecocTs.

fgrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food- foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SICKLINESS

394

SILIQUOUS

est.] Somewhat sick ; producing disease ; ail-
ing ; weakly; feeble; languid; faint. — Sickli-
ness (sik'li-nes), n.
Side (sid), n. The broad part of a thing ; one of
the surfaces limiting a solid ; the part of the
body about the ribs ; party ; interest ; favor. — a.
Being on or toward the side ; lateral ; indirect ;
oblique. — v. i. To embrace the opinions of one
party, when opposed to another. — Side'board'
(-boroV), n. A piece of dining-room furniture,
to hold dishes, etc. — Sid'ing, n. A taking sides
or attaching one's self to a party ; a side track
of a railroad ; the covering of the outer wall of
a frame house. — Side'ling (-ling), a. Inclin-
ing to one side ; sloping ; inclined. — Side/long
(-long), a. Lateral; oblique; not directly in
front. — adv. Obliquely ; in the direction of the

side. — Side'wise' C-wiz'), Side'ways' (-waV),

adv. Toward or on one side ; inclining.

Sid'er-al (sTd'er-al), Si-de/re-al (st-de'rev/i), a.
Relating to the stars ; starry ; measured by the
apparent motion of the stars.

Sid'er-Og'ra-phy (sid/er-og'ra-fjf), n. Art of en-
graving on steel ; process of multiplying copies
of engraved steel plates. — Sid'er-O-graph'ic
(-6-gr2fTk), Sid'er-o-graph'ic-al (-Y-kai), a.
Pertaining to siderography, or performed by en-
graved plates of steel.

Side'ways', Side'wise', etc. See under Side, n.

Si'dle (si'd'l), v. i. [Sidled (-d'ld) ; Sidling.]
To move side foremost.

Siege (sej), n. The besetting a fortified place to
compel the garrison to surrender.

Si'en-ite, n. See Syenite.

Si-en'na (sY-gn'na), n. Clay of a brownish yellow
color, used as a pigment.

i Si-er'ra (se-Sr-ra), n. A ridge of mountains and
craggy rocks.

llSi-es'ta (se-Ss'ta), n. A short sleep in the day-
time ; a nap.

Sieve (siv), n. A utensil for separating the fine
part of a pulverized substance
from the coarse; a coarse

Sift (sift), v. t. To separate (the
fine part of a substance from
the coarse) by a sieve ; to ana-
lyze ; to scrutinize. —Sift'er, n.

Sigh, (si), v. i. [Sighed (sid)

make a deep respiration, esp. in fatigue, grief ,
etc. ; to lament. — v. t. To lament or express
by sighs. — n. A deep respiration ; a manifes-
tation of grief. — Sigh'er (sl'er), n.

Sight (sit), n. A seeing ; perception of objects
by the eye ; vision ; faculty of vision ; exami-
nation ; view ; show ; spectacle ; an aperture
through which objects are to be seen, and the
direction ascertained ; a point or notch on a fire-
arm, to guide the eye in taking aim. — v. t.
[Sighted ; Sighting.] To get sight of ; to look
at through a sight ; to see accurately ; to direct
(a gun) by means of a sight. — r. i. To obtain
a distinct view ; to aim. — Sight'less, a. Want-
ing sight ; blind ; unpleasing to the eye ; un-
sightly. — Slght'ly (-iy), a. Open to sight ;
pleasing to the sight ; comely. — Sight'li-ness,
n. — Slght'-see ing (-seeing)', a. Given to see-
ing sights. — n. Act of seeing sights ; eagerness
for novelties or curiosities. — Sight'-se'er, n.

Sign (sin), n. A token ; a mark ; an indication ;
symbol ; omen; presage , manifestation. — ?'. /.

Sieve.
Sighing.] To

[Signed (sind) ; Signing.] To represent by a
sign ; to signify ; to affix a signature to. — v. i.
To make a sign or signal ; to communicate
signs. — Sign'er, n.
Sig'nal (slg'nal), n. A sign agreed upon to give
notice of some occurrence, command, or danger,
to one at a distance ; a token ; an indication. —
a. Eminent ; remarkable ; notable ; conspicu-
ous. — v.t. [Signaled (-nald) or Signalled;
Signaling or Signalling.] To communicate by
signals. — Sig'nal-ly, adv. — Sig'nal-ize (Jz),
v. t. [Signalized ( -Izd ) ; Signalizing.] To
make signal or eminent ; to communicate by a
signal.

Sig'na-ture (sYg'na-tur), n. A sign or mark im-
pressed ; the name of a person written with his
own hand.

Sign'er (sin'er), n. See under Sign, n.

Sig'net (sig'net), n. A seal ; a sovereign's seal
for private letters, etc.

Sig-nif'i-cant (sYg-nif'Y-kant), a. Fitted or de-
signed to signify something; important ; momen-
tous. — n. A sign ; a token ; a symbol. — Sig-
nii 'i-cant-ly, adv. — Sig-nii'i-cance (-T-kans),
Sig-nif'i-can-cy ( -kan-sy ), «. - Sig-nii'i-ca-
tive (-ka-tiv), a. Having meaning. — Sig'ni-fi-
ca'tion (sTg/m-il-ka'shuu), n. A signitying;
thing made known. — Sig'ni-fy (-11), r. t. [Sig-
nified (-fid) ; Signifying.] To make known by
a sign ; to express ; to declare ; to intimate ; to
imply ; to mean. — v. i. To express meaning
with force ; to matter.

Sign'ior (sen'yer), n. Senor ; signor.

||Si-gnor' (se-nyor'), n. [It.] Sir; Mr. ; — an
Italian title of address. — USi-gno'ra (-nyo'ra),
n. Madam ; Mrs. ; — an Italian title of respect.
— llSi/gno-ri'na (seVnyo-re'na), n. Miss ; —
Italian title for a young lady.

Sign'post' (sin'post/), n. A post supporting a
sign, or on which to display posters.

Si'lence (sllens), n. State of being silent;
crecy ; quiet. — interj. Be si-
lent. — v. t. [Silenced (-lenst) ;
Silencing (-len-sing).] To still;
to hush. — Si'lent ( sl'lent ), a.
Free from sound or noise ;
mute ; taciturn ; dumb ; quiet ;
still; dormant. — Si' lent -ly,
adv. — Silent-ness, n.

Si'lex (si'leks), n. [L., a flint.]

Silica. Silhouette.

Sil'hou-ette' (sTl'd-o-gt' or sil'do-
St'), n. A profile likeness in black. — v. t.
represent by a silhouette.

Sil'i-ca (sTl'T-ka), n. The material
constituting quartz and sand. — Sl-
li'ceons (sT-lTsh'us), Si-li'cious, a.

Pertaining to, containing, or like,
silica. — Si-liG'ic ( -ITs'Tk), a. Per-
taining to, or obtained from, flint or
quartz. — Sil'i-COn ( sTl'!-k5n ), v.
A nonmetallic chemical elenn-nt, ;i
nonconductor of electricity, and the
base of silex, or silica.
Sil'i-qna (sTl'T-kwa), n. ; pi. Sdhqu*:
(-kwe). A silique. — Sil'ique (s!l'-
Yk or fcl-lek'), n. A seed vessel, of
two valves, with seeds attached to
both sutures. — Sil'i-quous ( sTl ' Y -
kwus), a. Bearing, pertaining to,
or resembling, siliques.

aters.

>eing silent ; se-

f

Silique.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; &, C. 1, 5, H, y, short ; sen&te, Svent, Idea, ftbey, (Inite, cftre, arm, aak, $11, final,

SILK

395

SINISTRORSAL

Silk (silk), n. The fine, soft thread produced,
by various caterpillars, in the form of a cocoon ;
thread spun, or cloth woven, from this material.

— Silk'y ( -y ) [Silkier ; Silkiest], Silk'en
(sllk/'n), a. Made of, or like, silk ; soft ; ten-
der ; smooth.

Silk'worm' (-wfirm'), n. The caterpillar which
produces silk ; the
larva of any of the
numerous moths
which spin silk in
making their co-
coons.

Sill (sil), n. The
basis or founda-
tion of a house, *^T.

u_:^~« i„ „«.„ Silkworm, a Larva ; b Pupa ; c

bridge, loom, etc. ; Adult Female . d Aduit Male,
a threshold.

Sil'la-bub (silla-bub), n. A mixture of wine or
cider with milk, forming a soft curd. [Written
also syllabub.']

Silly (sil'ly), a. [Sillier (sil'lT-er) ; Silliest.]
Weak in intellect ; witless ; foolish ; imprudent.

— Sil'11-ly (-lt-iy), adv. — Sil'li-ness, n.
Si'lO (si'16 ; F. se'lo'), n. An air-tight pit for

packing away green fodder for winter. use.
Silt (silt), n. Mud or fine earth deposited from

water, —v. 1. & i. To fill with mud ; to choke ;

to ooze.
Sil'va (sil'va), n. The forest trees of a country,

or the study of them. [Written also sylva."]

— Sil'van (-van), a. Pertaining to woods or
groves ; woody. [Written also sylvan.]

Sil'ver (sil'ver), n. A precious metal of white
color ; coin made of silver ; the color of silver.

— a. Made of, or like, silver. — v. t. [Sil-
vered (-verd) ; Silvering.] To cover with sil-
ver ; to make smooth and bright, or white and
shining, like silver. — Sil'ver-ing, ». A coating
the surface of anything with silver. — Sil'ver-
smith (-smith'), n. One who works in silver.

— Sil'ver-y (-ver-y), a. Resembling or covered
with silver.

Sim'i-lar (sTm'T-ler), a. Exactly corresponding;
alike. — Sim'i-lar-ly, adv. — Sim'i-lar'i-ty,
(-lar'T-ty), n. Perfect or partial resemblance.

Sim'i-le (sTra'T-le), n. ; pi. Similes (-lez). A
similitude. — Sl-mil'i-tude ( sT-mTl'T-tud ), n.
Resemblance ; likeness ; comparison.

Sim'i-tar, n. See Scimiter.

Sim'mer (sim'mer), v . i. & t. [Simmered (-merd) ;
Simmering.] To boil gently.

Si-moom' (sT-mobm'), Si-moon' (-moon'), n. A
hot, dry wind, that blows in Arabia and Syria.

Sim'per (sTm'per), v. i. [Simpered (-perd) ; Sim-
pering.] To smile in a silly, affected, or con-
ceited manner. — n. An affected or silly smile.

— Sim'par-er, n. — Sim'per-inr-ly, adv.
Sim'ple (sTm'p'l), «• [Simpler (-pier) ; Simplest.]

Single ; not complex ; plain ; unadorned ; clear ;
intelligible; straightforward; frank; open ; cred-
ulous ; silly ; foolish ; unwise. — n. Something
not mixed or compounded; a medicinal plant. —
Sim 'ply, adv. — Sim'ple-ness, Sim-plic'i-ty
(-plTs'T-t^), n. — Sim'ple-tOll (-p'l-tiin), n. A
silly person ; a fool. — Sim pli-fl-ca'tion (slm'-
plT-fT-ka'shun ), n. A simplifying, or making
simple. — Sim'pli-fy (sim'plT-fi), v. t. [Simpli-
fied (-fid) ; Simplifying.] To make simple ; to
show an easier or shorter process for doing.
Sim'u-late (sTm'u-lat), v. t. To assume appear-

ance of without reality ; to counterfeit ; to
feign. — a. Feigned ; pretended. — Sim'n-la'-
tion (-la'shun), n. A simulating, or putting on
what is not true ; feint ; pretense.

Si'mul-ta'ne-OUS (si'mul-ta'ne-us), a. Existing or
happening at the same time. — Si'mul-ta'ne-
ous-ly, adv. — Si'mul-ta'ne-ous-ness, n.

Sin (sin), n. Violation of divine law or of duty ;
crime ; iniquity ; wickedness ; wrong. — v. i.
[Sinned ( sind ) ; Sinning.] To violate duty,
rights, law, or propriety. — Sin'ncr, n. — Sin'-
ful (-ful), a. Full of sin ; wicked. — Sin'ful-ly,
adv. — Sin'ful-ness, n. — Sin'less ( -les ), a.
Free from sin ; pure ; perfect. — Sill'less-ly,
adv. — Sin'less-ness, n.

Sin'a-pism (sin'a-piz'm), n. A poultice of mus-
tard seed.

Since (sins), adv. In time past ; before this or
now ; ago. —prep. From the time of ; subse-
quently to ; after. — conj. Since the time when ;
from ; because ; considering.

Sin-cere' (sin-ser'), a. [Sincerer; Sinceeest.]
Pure ; honest ; hearty ; unieigned ; real ; frank.

— Sincerely, adv. — Sin-cere'ness, Sin-cer'-
i-ty (-sgr'I-ty), n.

Sine (sin), n. A perpendicular from one extremity
of an arc to the diameter
drawn through the other ex-
tremity.

Si'ne-cure (si'ne-kur), n. An
office or position yielding pay,
but requiring no active serv-
ice. — Si'ne-cnr'ist (-kur'-
ist), n. One who has a sine-
cure.

Sin'ew (sin'u), n. A tendon ;
strength. — v. t. [ Sinewed
(-ud) ; Sinewing.] To knit as
by sinews. — Sin'ewed. a. Furnished with sin-
ews ; firm ; vigorous. — Sin'ew-less, a. Hav-
ing no sinews or vigor. — Sin'ew-y (-y), a. Per
taining to, or resembling, sinews ? strong ; firm.

Sin'ful, Sin'fnl-ly, etc. See under Sin, n.

Sing (s5ng), v. i. & t. [imp. Sung (sung), or Sang
(sang) ; p. p. Sung ; p.pr. Singing.] To utter
musical or melodious sounds; to celebrate in
song. — Sing'er, n.

Singe (sTnj), v. t. [Singed (sYnjd) ; Singeing.]
To burn slightly or superficially ; to 6COrch. —
n. A slight burn.

Sin'gle (sTn'g'l), a. One only ; individual ; sepa-
rate ; unmarried ; pure ; unmixed ; sincere. —
v. I. [Singled (-g'ld) ; Singling.] To select ;
to separate. — n. A unit. — Sin'gle-ness, v.

— Sin'gly ( -gly ), adv. — Sin'gle-hand'ed
(-hSnd'Sd) a. Having one hand or workman
only ; alone ; unassisted. — Sin'gle— heart'ed
(-hart'S(l), a. Having a single or honest heart,
without duplicity.

Sing'song' ( sTng'sSng' ), n. A drawling tone ;
bad singing. — a. Monotonous.

Sin'gU-lar (sTn'gfi-ler), a. Single ; individual ;
out of the ordinary course of things ; extraor-
dinary ; rare; peculiar; strange; odd. — ».
The singular number, in grammar. — Sin'gU-
lar-ly, adv. - Sin'gn-lar'i-ty (-lSr'T-ty), n.

Sin'is-ter (.sTn'Ys-ter), a. On the left hand ; left ;
unlucky ; dishonest. — Sin'is-trouS (-triis), a.
Being on, or inclined to, the left side ; wrong ;
BbstutL — Sin'is-tror'sal (-tr6r'sal), a. Rising
from left to right, as a spiral line, or helix.

Sine.
lb Sine; dc Arc;
cae Diameter.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SINK

396

SKEPTICISM

Sink (sink), v. i. [imp. Sunk (sunk) (Sank
(sank) obsolese.) ; p. p. Sunk (obs. Sunken (-'n)
used as a.) ; p. pr. Sinking.] To fall ; to sub-
side ; to enter deeply ; to fall below the sur-
face ; to be depressed ; to decline ; to decrease.

— v. t. To cause to sink ; to immerse ; to de-
press ; to degrade ; to suppress ; to reduce ; to
diminish. — 71. A drain to carry off filth, or a
box, connected with a drain, for receiving filthy
water, etc. — Sink'er, n.

Sin'less, Sin'ner, etc. See under Sin, n.

Sin'U-ate (sin'u-at), v. t. To wind ; to turn. —
Sinu-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A winding. — Sin'-
U-OS'i-ty (-os'T-ty), n. Quality of bending in
and out. — Sin'u-OUS (-us), a. Bending in and
out ; of a serpentine form ; crooked.

Sip <sip), v. t. & ». [Sipped (sipt) ; Sipping.]
To drink sparingly ; to taste. — n. A small
draught ; a slight taste.

Si'phon (si'fon), n. A bent tube for transferring
liquid from one vessel to
another.

Sir (ser), n. A title of defer-
ence used in address, or pre-
fixed to the Christian name of
a knight or baronet.

Sire (sir), n. A father ; a pro-
genitor ; a title of address to
a king or an emperor ; the a Siphon, through
male parent of a beast, -vt. ^ngfromthe
[Sired ( sird ) ; Siring.] To Dish b.
beget ; to procreate.

Si'ren (si'rgn), n. A fabled sea nymph whose
sweet singing led sailors to destruction ; an al-
luring woman ; a fog horn. — a. Pertaining to
a siren ; bewitching ; alluring.

Sir'loin (ser'loin), n. A loin of beef. [Written
also surloin.~\

Sir'name, n. See Surname.

Si-roc'co (sT-rok'ko), n. ; pi. Siroccos (-koz). A
noxious wind from the Libyan deserts.

Sir'rah (sTr'ra), n. Sir ; — a word of contempt
or of playfulness.

Sir'up (sTr'up), SyT'up, n. Sweet juice of vege-
tables, or sugar boiled with vegetable infusions.

— Sir'up-y (-f), a. Like sirup.

Sis'kin (sis'kin), n. A bird of the finch kind.

Sis'ter (sTs'ter), n. A woman born of the same
parents as another person, or associated with
another person, as in the same faith, society,
etc. — Sis'ter-hood (-hd6d), n. A society of
women united in one faith or order ; relation-
ship or duty of a sister. — Sis'ter-in-laW (-Tu-
la' ), n. ; pi. Sisters-in-law. A husband's or
wife's sister ; a brother's wife. — Sis'ter-ly
(-ly), a. Like or becoming a sister.

Sit (sTt), v. i. [imp. Sat (sSt) (Sate (s8t,
rarely sat), archaic) ; p. p. Sat (Sitten (sif-
t'n), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Sitting.] To rest
upon the haunches ; to perch ; to brood ; to
rest ; to fit. — v. t. To keep the seat upon. —
Sifting, n. A placing one's self on a seat ; a
seat in a church ; a meeting of a body of men
to transact business a session.

Site (sit), n. Place ; situation.

Sithe (sith), n. A scythe.

Sit'u-ate (sit'u-at), Sit'n-a'ted (-a'tSd), a. Hav-
ing a situation ; seated, placed, or permanently
fixed. — Sit U-a'tion (sTt'u-a'shSn), n. Loca-
tion ; position ; circumstances ; station ; post ;
place ; office ; plight ; predicament.

Sitz' bath' (sits' bath'). A tub for bathing in a

sitting posture ; a bath so taken.
Six (siks), a. Twice three ; one more than five.

— n. The sum of three and three; a symbol
representing six units, as 6, or vi.

Six'fold' (sTks'fold'), a. Six times as much or
many. »

Six'pence (sTks'pens), n. An English silver coin
worth six pennies.

Six'teen' (siks'ten'), a. Six and ten. — n. The
sum of ten and six ; a symbol representing six-
teen units, as 16, or xvi. — Sixteenth' (-tenth'),
a. Next in order after the fiiteenth ; being one
of sixteen equal parts. — n. One of sixteen
equal parts ; the next after the fifteenth ; a mu-
sical interval of two octaves and a second.

Sixth (siksth), a. Next after the fifth ; being
one of six equal parts, —n. One of six equal
parts ; the next after the fifth ; a musical inter-
val of four tones and a semitone. — Sixth'ly,
adv. In the sixth place.

Slx'ti-eth (siks'ti-eth), a. Next after the fifty-
ninth ; being one of sixty equal parts. — n.
One of sixty equal parts; the next after the
fifty-ninth.

Six'ty (siks'ty), a. Six times ten ; threescore.

— n. The sum of six times ten ; a symbol rep-
resenting sixty units, as CO, or lx., or LX.

Siz'a-ble (siz'a-b'l), a. Of considerable bulk, or
reasonable or suitable size.

Si'zar (si'zer), n. A student in Cambridge Uni-
versity, England, of a rank next below the pen-
sioners.

Size (siz), n. Thin glue, used in bookbinding,
paperhanging, etc. ; a glutinous or viscid sub-
stance. — v. t. [Sized (sizd) ; Sizing.] To
cover, prepare, or treat with size. — Siz'ing, n.
Size, or the use of it. — Siz'y (-y), o. Gluti-
nous ; viscous.

Size (siz), n. Extent of superficies or volume ;
dimension ; greatness ; magnitude. — v. t.
[Sized (sizd) ; Sizing.] To arrange, according
to size or bulk ; to fit ; to adjust. — Siz'ing, n.
A sorting by size ; the bringing anything to a
certain size.

Siz'zle (sTz'z'l), v. i. To hiss, like hot metal
dipped into water. — n. A hissing sound.

Skate (skat), n. A frame for the foot, with a
metallic runner (or small wheels), for moving
rapidly on ice, etc. — v . i. To slide or move on
skates. — Skat'er, n. One who skates ; an in-
sect which runs on water, as if skating.

Skate (skat), n. A flat-bodied fish of the ray
kind, having the skin set with spines.

Skee, Ski (ske), n. A long strip of wood, curved
in front, used on the foot for sliding over snow.

Ske-dad'dle (ske-dSd'd'l), V. i. To run away as
if in panic. — n. A flight. [Colloq., U. S.~\

Skein (skan), n. A knot, or number of knots, of
thread or yarn.

Skel'e-ton (skgl'e-tun), n. The bony structure
of an animal, without the flesh, muscles, etc.
[see Ilhist., p. 397] ; the general structure or
frame of a building, a sermon etc. — Skel'e-tal
(-t<7l), a. Pertaining to the skeleton.

Skep'tiC (skgp'tik), n. [Written also sceptic]
One undecided as to what is true ; a doubter,
esp. as to the divine origin of Christianity. —
Skep'tiC, Skep'tic-al (-tT-kal), a. Doubting;
questioning or denying the truth of revelation.

— Skep'ti-cism (-tT-sTz'm), n. Doubt.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, li, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, obey, Onite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

SKETCH

397

SLACK

Sketch (skSch), n. An outline or first rough
. draught or plan of a design ; delineation. — v. t.
[Sketched (skecht) ; Sketching.] To draw in
outline ; to portray. — Sketch'y (-y), a. Con-
taining only a sketch ; hasty ; incomplete.
SkeWer (sku'er), n. A pin to hold meat in form.

— v. t. [Skewered (-erd) ; Skewering.] To
fasten with skewers.

Ski'a-graph (ski'a-graf), n. A
radiograph.

Skid (skid), n. A timber used
as a fender, support, etc. ; a
chain fastening a wagon
wheel descending a hill. —
v. t. To protect, support,
move, or check with a skid.

Skiff (skif), n. A small, light
boat. — v. t. [Skiffed
(skift) ; Skiffing.] To sail
in a skiff.

Skill (skil), n. Familiar knowl-
edge, united with dexterity
in performance. — Skilled
(skild), Skill'ful (-ful), a.
Possessed of skill ; dexter-
ous ; masterly ; adroit ; clev-
er. — Skill'ful-ly, adv. —
Skill'ful-ness, n.

Skil'let (skillet), n. A small
kettle or boiler.

Skim (skim), v. t. & i.
[Skimmed ( skimd) ; Skim-
ming.] To clear (a liquid)
from scum ; to pass near the
surface of ; to hasten along
superficially. — Skim'mer, n.

— Skim milk. Milk from
which the cream has been
taken; skimmed milk. —
Skim'ming, n. A taking off
(milk, cream, etc., floating
upon a liquid) ; pi. matter
skimmed from the surface of
a liquid.

Skin (skin), n. The external
covering of animal bodies ; a
hide ; a pelt ; the exterior
coat of fruits and plants. —
v. t. [Skinned (skTnd) ;
Skinning.] To strip off the
skin or hide of ; to flay ; to
peel ; to cover with skin. —
v. i. To be covered with skin.

— Skin'ner, n. — Skin'-
deep' (-dep')? n. Superficial ;
slight. — Skin'flint' (-flTnt'),
71. A miser ; a niggard. —
Skin'less, a. Having no
skin or a very thin skin. —
Skin'ny (-n^), a. Consisting
of skin, or of skin only ;
wanting flesh. — Skin' hi -
ness, n.

Skip (skip), v. i. [Skipped

(skipt) ; Skipping.] To leap ; to bound ; to
spring, as a goat. — v.t. To pass over or by ; to
omit ; to miss. — n. A leap ; an omission of a
part. — Skip'per, n. One that skips; a jump-
ing insect, fish, etc.

Skip'per (skip'per), n. The master of a small
trading vessel.

Skeleton of a Man.
a Parietal Bone ; b Frontal Bone ; c Or-
bit ; d Temporal Bone ; e Lower Jaw ;
/ Clavicle ; g Cervical Vertebrse ; h
Shoulder Blade ; i Humerus ; j Lum-
bar Vertebrse ; kl Ilium : m Ulna ;
n Radius ; o Carpus ; /> Metacarpus ;
q Phalanges ; r Femur ; s Patella ;
t Tibia ; u Fibula ; v Tarsus ; »• Meta-
tarsus : x Phalanges.

Skir'mish (skeVmish), v. i. [Skirmished
(-misht); Skirmishing.] To fight slightly or in
small parties ; to act as skirmishers. — n. A
slight fight in war ; a combat between small
parties ; a contention. — Skir'mish-er, n.
Skirt (skert), n. The lower and loose part of a
coat or other garment ; the edge of a dress ; bor-
der ; margin ; a petticoat. —
v. t. To border; to form or
run along the edge of. — v. i.
To be on the border or near
the extremity.
Skit (skit), v. t. To cast re-
flections on. — n. A jeer; a
sally ; a brief satire.
Skit'tish (skit'tish), a. Easily
frightened ; timorous ; shy ;

fickle. — Skit'tish-ly, adv. -^
Skit/tish-ness, n.

Skit'tles (sklt't'lz), n. pi. A
game like ninepins, in which
wooden disks are thrown at
the pins.

Ski/ver (ski'ver), n. An infe-
rior leather, made of split
sheepskin, tanned in sumac,
ana dyed ; a tool for splitting
sheepskins.

Skulk (skulk), v. i. [Skulked
(skulkt) ; Skulking.] To hide
sneakingly ; to lurk ; to shirk.

Skull (skul), n. The bony case
inclosing the brain. — Skull'-
capy (-kap')5 n. A cap fitting
the head closely; a helmet-
shaped flower.

Skunk (skunk), n. A carnivo-
rous American animal, allied
to the wease> and having two
glands from which it c^n
eject a very fetid liquid.

Sky (ski), n. The apparent
vault of heaven ; the weath-
er; the climate. — Sky'-
blue' (-blu'), n. The color of
the sky ; azure. — S k y ' -
high' (-hi'), a. & adv. High
as the sky ; very high. —
Sky'lark' (-lark'), n. A Eu-
ropean and Asiatic lark that
mounts and sings as it flies.
— Sky 'lark' ing, n. A sail-
or's running about the rig-
ging of a vessel in sport;
frolicking; carousing. —
Sky'light' (-Hf), n. A win-
dow in a roof or ceiling, to
admit light from above. —
Sky'rock'et (-rSk'gt), n. A
rocket that ascends high and
burns as it flies ; a species of
fireworks. — Sky'-sail' (skl'-
sal' ; among seamen, ski'sel
or -s'l), n. The sail set next

— Sky' ward (-werd), a. & adv.

above the royal.

Toward the sky
Slab (slSb), n. A thin piece of anything, esp. of

stone ; the outside piece of a sawed log.
Slab'ber (slob'ber or slSb'-), n. Slaver. — v. i.

& t. To slaver.
Slack (slSk), n. Small coal ; coal dust ; culm.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

SLACK

398

SLEEPILY

Slack (slSk), a. Not tense or hard drawn ; loose ;
weak ; remiss ; slow; tardy, — adv. In a slack
manner ; partially. — n. Part of a rope hang-
ing loose, having no strain upon it. — Slack,
Slack'en (sl5k"n), v. ?'.» & I. [imp. & p. p.
Slacked ( sl&kt ), Slackened ( -'nd ) ; p. pr.
Slacking, Slackening.] To loosen ; to relax.

— Slack'ly, adv. — Slack'ness, n.

Slag (slag), n. Dross of a metal ; vitrified cin-
ders.

Slake (slak), v. t. [Slaked (slakt) ; Slaking.]
To quench ; to extinguish ; to mix (lime, etc)
with water, so that a true chemical combination
shall take place ; to slack. — v. i. To go out ;
to become extinct.

Slam (slam), v. t. [Slammed (slamd) ; Slam-
ming.] To shut violently. — v. i. To strike
violently and noisily. — n. A violent dashing
against ; a violent shutting of a door. — Slam'—
bang' (-bang'), adv. Very noisily or violently.

Slan'der (slan'der), n. A false report maliciously
uttered ; defamation. — v. t. [Slandered
(-derd) ; Slandering.] To injure by a false re-
port ; to defame ; to calumniate ; to libel. —
Slan'der-er, n. — Slan'der-ous (-us), a. Given
or disposed to slander ; calumnious. — Slan'-
der-ous-ly, adv. — Slan'der-ous-ness, n.

Slang (slSng), n. Low, vulgar, unauthorized lan-
guage ; colloquial expression. — Slarig'y (-y), a.
Of the nature of slang ; addicted to slang.

Slant (slant), v. t. & i. To turn from a direct
line; to slope. —n. A slope. —a. Sloping. —
Slant'ing-ly, adv.

Slap (slap), n. A blow with the open hand or
with something broad. — v. t. [Slapped
(slSpt) ; Slapping.] To strike with the open
hand or with something broad. — adv. Quickly ;
instantly. — Slap'dash' (slap'daW), adv. In a
bold, careless manner ; at random.

Slap/jack' (slap'jSk/), n. A flat cake baked on a
griddle.

Slash (sla"sh), v. t. [Slashed (slSsht) ; Slash-
ing.] To cut by striking violently and at ran-
dom ; to cut in long cuts. — v. i. To strike
violently and at random with an edged instru-
ment. — n. A long cut ; a slit in garments to
show a brilliant color through the openings.

Slat (sl$t), n. A narrow piece of board or
metal.

Slate (slat), n. A dark stone which readily
splits into plates ; esp., a prepared piece of such
stone for roofing houses, for writing upon, etc. ;
a list of political candidates or program of
action devised beforehand. [Cant, U. 5.] —
v. t. To cover with slate, or plates of stone. —
Slat'er, n. — Slat'ing, n. A covering with
slates ; slates collectively ; material for slating.

— Slat'y (-y)i "• Resembling slate ; composed
of tliin, parallel plates, capable of being sepa-
rated by splitting.

Slat'tem (slSt'tern), n. A woman negligent of
her dress or house. — Slat'tem-ly, a. Slut-
tish; dirty. — adv. Negligently; awkwardly.

Slaugn'ter (sla'ter), n. A killing ; carnage ;
massacre ; butchery ; murder ; havoc. — v. t.
[Slaughtered (-terd) ; Slaughtering.] To
kill; to slay; to butcher. — Slaugh'ter-er, n.

— Slaugh'ter-house' (-hous'), n. A house
where beasts are butchered for the market.

Slav (sliiv or sl5v), n. One of a race inhabiting
Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bul-

garians, Poles, Bohemians, Croats, etc. —
SlaVic (slav'Tk or sla'vik), a. Slavonian. — n.
The group of languages spoken by the Slavs. —
Sla-VO'ni-an (sla-vo'm-an), a. Pertaining to
Slavonia or its inhabitants, or to the Slavs or
their language. — n. A native of Slavonia ; a
Slav. — Sla-VOn'iC (-von'Tk), a. Slavonian.

Slave (slav), n. One held in bondage to another ;
one who has lost power of resistance ; a
drudge ; a captive ; dependent, —v. i. [Slaved
(slavd) ; Slaving.] To drudge ; to toil. —
Slaveholder (-hold'er), n. One whe holds
slaves. — Slav'ei (slaVer), n. A vessel engaged
in the slave trade ; one engaged in buying and
selling slaves. — Slav'er-y (-er-5'), n. Condition
of a slave ; servitude. — Slav'ish, a. Pertain-
ing to slaves ; servile ; laborious. — SlaVish-ly,
adv. — Slav'ish-ness, n.

SlaVer (slav^er), n. Saliva driveling from the
mouth, —v. i. [Slavered (-erd) ; Slavering.]
To suffer spittle to issue from the mouth ; to
be besmeared with saliva, —v. t. To smear
with spittle. — Slavrer-er, n.

Slav'er-y, Slavish, etc. See under Slave, n.

Sla-VO'ni-an, Sla-von'ic, etc. See under Slav, n.

Slaw (sla), n. Sliced cabbage, served cooked, or
uncooked, as a salad.

Slay (sla), v. t. [imp. Slew (slu) ; p. p. Slain
(slan) ; p. pr & vb. n. Slaying.] To put to
death ; to kill ; to murder. — Slay'er, n.

Sleave (slev), n. Silk or thread untwisted. —
v, t. To separate (threads).

Slea'zy (sle'zy), a. Thin; flimsy. — Slea'zi-
ness, n.

Sled (sled), n. A vehicle on runners, for con-
veying heavy loads or for sliding on snow and
ice. — v. t. [Sledded ; Sledding.] To convey
on a sled.

Sledge (slej), n. A large hammer, wielded with
both hands ; — called also sledge hammer.

Sledge (slej), n. A sled ; a hurdle ; a game at
cards.

Laplander's Sledge.

Sleek (slek), a. Smooth; soft; glossy. — ?', i.
[Sleeked (slekt) ; Sleeking.] To make smooth.
— Sleek'ly, adv. — Sleek'ness, n.

Sleep (slep), v. i. [Slept (slgpt) ; Sleeping.]
To rest, by suspending exercise of the body and
mind ; to be careless or unconcerned ; to be
dead ; to rest. — n. Slumber ; repose ; rest. —
Sleep'er, n. One who sleeps; a timber or
stone supporting a superstructure ; a Bleeping
car \l\ S.~\. — Sleep'y (-y), a. [Sleepier;
Sleepiest.] Disposed or disposing to sleep;
drowsy ; heavy ; sluggish. — Sleep'i-ly, adv.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, C, 1, 6, A, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, flnite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

SLEEPINESS

399

SLOP

— Sleep'1-ness, n. — Sleep'ing, a. Occupied
with sleep or for sleeping. — Sleeping car. A
railroad car fitted with berths for sleeping. —
Sleeping partner. A dormant or silent part-
ner. — Sleep'less, a. Wakeful ; perpetually ag-
itated or on the alert. — Sleep'less-lV, adv. —
Sleep'less-ness, n. — Sleep'wak'er (-wak'er),
n. One in a state of magnetic sleep. — Sleep'-
waklng, ». The state of one mesmerized or
in a partial and morbid sleep. — Sleep' walk er
(-wak'er), n. A somnambulist. — Sleep'walk'-
ing, n. Somnambulism ; noctambulism ; a
walking in one's sleep.

Sleet (slet), n. Rain, mingled with hail or snow.

— r. i. To snow or hail with rain. — Sleot'y
(slet'y), a.

Sleeve (slev), n. Part of a garment covering the
arm ; a tube or pipe covering a joint or con-
necting parts of a machine. — v. t. [Sleeved
(slevd) ; Sleeving.] To furnish with sleeves.

— Sleeve'less (sleVISs), a. Having no sleeves.
Sleigh (sla), n. A vehicle on runners, used on

Sleigh.

snow or ice. — Sleigh'ing, n. State of snow or
ice which admits of running sleighs ; a riding
in a sleigh.

Sleight (slit), n. An artful trick ; dexterity. —
Sleight of hand. Legerdemain.

Slen'der (sleu'der), a. Thin or narrow ; weak ;
feeble ; trivial ; inadequate ; meager. — Slen'-
der-ly, adv. — Slen'der-ness, n.

Slept, imp. & p. p. of Sleep.

Sleuth (sluth), n. The track of man or beast,
followed by scent. — Sleuth'hound' (-hound'),
n. A hound that tracks by scent ; a bloodhound.

Slew, imp. of Slay.

Sley (sla), n. A weaver's reed. — v. t. To part
(threads of) and arrange (them) in a reed.

Slice (slis), n. A thin piece cut off. — v. t.
[Sliced (slist); Slicing.] To cut into thin
pieces ; to cut off a broad piece from.

Slick (slik), a. Sleek ; smooth, —v. I. To make
smooth. — n. A wide paring chisel.

Slide (slid), v. i. & t. [imp. Slid (slid) ; p. p.
Slid, Slidden (slid'd'n) ; p. pr. Sliding.] To
move along the surface ; to slip. — n. A smooth
passage ; a descent down a declivity ; a sound
gliding imperceptibly into another sound or
tone. — Slid'er, n.

Slight (slit), a. Unimportant ; weak ; slender.
— n. Neglect; disregard; inattention; dis-
dain. — v. t. To disregard, as unworthy of
notice ; to neglect : to soorn. — Slight'er, n. —
Slightly, adv. — Slight'ness. «.

Sli'ly, adv. See Slyly, under Sly, a.

Slim (slim), a. [Slimmer ; Slimmest.] Of
small diameter or thickness ; slender ; slight ;
unsubstantial. — Slim'ly, adv. — Slim'ness. n.

Slime (slim), n. Soft, moist earth. — Slim'y

(slim^), a. [Slimter (slImT-er) ; Slimiest.]
Abounding with, overspread with, or resem-
bling, slime ; viscous ; glutinous. — Slim/i-ly,
adv. — Slim'i-ness, ».

Sli'ness, n. See Slyness, under Sly, a.

Sling (sling), n. An arrangement of strings for
throwing stones; a throw; a
stroke ; a bandage hanging round
the neck, to support a wounded arm
or hand ; a rope with loops, hooks,
etc., for grappling or lifting heavy
objects. — v. t. [Slung (slung) ;
Slinging.] To throw with a sling ;
to hurl ; to hang so as to swing ; to
suspend (a cask, gun, etc.). —
Sling'er, n.

Sling (sling), n. A drink composed

of spirit (usually gin) and water sweetened.

Slink (slink), v. i. [Slunk (slunk) (Slank
(slSnk), obs. or rare) ; Slinking.] To creep
away meanly ; to sneak.

Slip (slip), v. i. & t. [Slipped (slipt) : Slipping.]
To slide involuntarily ; to glide ; to depart
secretly ; to fall into error ; to enter by over-
sight ; to be lost. — n. A slipping ; an unin-
tentional fault ; a twig separated from the main
stock ; a leash holding a dog ; a long, narrow
piece ; a dock ; a pew in a church. — Slip'per,
n. One that slips ; a low shoe, easily slipped
off and on. — Slip knot. A knot which slips
along the cord around which it is made.

Slip'per-y (slip/per-y), a. Allowing or causing
anything to slip or move smoothly; smooth;
glib ; apt to slip away ; changeable ; uncertain.
— Slip'per-i-ly (-T-ly), adv. — Slip'per-i-ness, n.

Slip'shod' (slip'shSd'), a. Wearing shoes down
at the heels ; careless ; shuffling.

Slip'slop' (slip'sl5p'), n. Weak or poor liquor ;
Mat beer ; vapid writing or discourse.

Slit (slit), v. t. [imp. Slit ; p. p. Slit or Slit-
ted (slit'ted) ; p. pr. Slitting.] To cut length-
wise ; to cut into strips ; to rend ; to split. —
n. A long cut ; a narrow opening. — Slit'ter,
n. — Slitting mill. A mill where iron bars, or
plates, are slit into strips, as nail rods, etc. •, a
lapidary's apparatus for slicing precious stones.

Sliv'er (slTv'er or sli'ver), v. t. [Slivered (-erd) ;
Slivering.] To cut or divide into long, thin
pieces ; to rend lengthwise. — n. A long strip
or fragment ; a splinter ; a strand of cotton or
other fiber, before it is twisted into thread.

Sloh'ber, n. & v. See Slaver.

Sloe (slo), n. A small, bitter, wild plum, the
fruit of the blackthorn ; the tree itself.

Slo'gan (slo'gan), n. A war cry of a Scottish
Highland clan.

Sloop (sloop), n. A one-masted vessel with fore-
and-aft rig, generally hav-
ing a centerboard, and
therein differing from a cut-
ter, which has a deep keel.
— Sloop Of war. A vessel
of war, whether ship, brig,
or schooner, carrying from
18 to 32 guns.

Slop (sl5p), n. Water spilled
or thrown about ; a puddle ;
pi. dirty water ; mean liquor
or liquid food. — v. t.
[Slopped (sl5pt); Slopping.]
To spill ; to soil with spilled

fern, recent, orb, ryde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, c^air, go, sing, iuk, tlien, tllin.

SLOPPY

400

SMELTER

liquid, — v. i. To be spilled. — Slop'py (slop'-
py), a. [Sloppier ; Sloppiest.] Wet so as to
spatter; muddy; slovenly. — Slop'pi-ness, n.

Slops (slops), n. pi. A lower garment, as breeches,
etc. ; ready-made clothes, bedding, etc. — Slop'-
shop (-shop')? n- A. shop where ready-made
clothes are sold. — Slop'work' (-wfirk'), n. The
manufacture of cheap ready-made clothing ;
slovenly work of any kind.

Slope (slop), n. Direction downward ; slant ; a de-
clivity or acclivity. — v. t. & i. [Sloped (slopt) ;
Sloping.] To incline ; to slant.

Slop'py (slop'py), a. See under Slop, n.

Slop'shop' (slop'shopO, n. See under Slops, n. pi.

Slot (slot), n. A broad, flat, wooden bar ; a slat ;
a depression or aperture to receive a piece slid-
ing or fitting into it.

Slot (slSt), n. The track of a deer.

Sloth (sloth or sloth), n. Slowness ; tardiness ; lazi-
ness ; a South American tree-dwelling animal,
of very slow motions. — Sloth'ful ( - f ul ), a.
Sluggish ; lazy ; idle. — Sloth'ful-ly, ad'v.

Slouch (slouch), n. A hanging of the head; a
limp, ungainly gait ; a heavy, clownish fellow. —
v. i. [Slouched (sloucht) ; Slouching.] To
have a clownish look, gait, or maimer.

Slough (slou), n. A place of deep mud ; quag-
mire. — Slough'y, a. Full of sloughs ; miry.

SlOUgh (slut), n. The cast skin of a serpent ;
the dead part that separates from a foul sore. —
v. i. [Sloughed (sluft) ; Sloughing.] To
form a slough ; to come off, as from a sore.
— v. t. To cast off ; to discard. — Slough'y
(sluf'y^), a. Of the nature of a slough.

Slov'en (sluv'en), n. One careless of dress or
cleanliness. — Sl0V'en-ly, a. & adv. Negligent ;
disorderly. — SlOV'en-li-ness, n.

Slow (slo), a. Not quick ; deliberate ; late ;
tardy ; dull ; inactive. — v. t. [Slowed (slod) ;
Slowing.] To render slow; to retard. —
Slowly, adv. — Slow'ness, n.

Sloyd (sloid), n. A system of training in the use
of tools and mechanical planning.

Sludge (sluj), n. Mud ; mire ; slush.

Slue (slu), v. t. & i. [Slued (slud) ; Sluing.] To
turn about a fixed point ; to twist.

Slug (slug), n. A drone; a lazy fellow; a kind
of snail, destructive to
plants ; an oval missile
for a g u n . — v. t.
[Slugged (sliigd) ;
Slugging.] To load
(a gun) with slugs ;
to strike heavily
[Colloqr\.— Slug'gard
(slug'gSrd), n. A lazy fellow ; a drone. — Slug'-
gish (-sisli), a. Inert; slothful; slow; dull
drowsy; inactive. — Slug ' glsh - ly, adv. —
Slug'gish-ness, n.

Sluice (sius), n. A pas-
sage for water, having
the flow regulated by a
valve or gate ; any open-
ing; a stream flowing
through a flood gate. —
v. t. [Sluiced (slust);
Sluicing.] To wet co-
piously ; to overwhelm.

Slum (slum), n. A back

street of a city, esp. one Sluice.

filled wit ii a poor and vicious population.

Slug.

Slum'ber (slum'ber), v. i. [Slumbered (-berd) •,
Slumbering.] To sleep; to be in a state of
negligence or inactivity, —n. Light sleep; re-
pose. — Slum'ber-er, n. — Slum'ber-ous (-us),
a. Inviting slumber ; soporiferous ; sleepy.

Slump (slump), v. i. [Slumped (slumt) ; Slump-
ing.] To fall or sink through or in (snow, ice,
a bog, etc.) ; to tumble.

Slung (slung), imp. & p. p. of Sling. — Slung
Shot. A metal ball, with a string attached, used
for striking.

Slunk, imp. & p. p. of Slink.

Slux (slQr), v. t. [Slurred (slflrd) ; Slurring.]
To soil ; to sully ; to disgrace ; to disparage ; to
traduce ; to conceal ; to pronounce indistinctly.

— n. A mark or stain ; reproach ; disgrace ; a
mark in music [^ _— ' or x*"— <,], connecting
notes to be sung to the same syllable, or made
in one continued breath ; a tie.

Slush (slush), n. Soft mud ; sludge ; slosh ; a
mixture of grease and fat, to lubricate ; a mix-
ture of white lead and lime, to protect from ox-
idation. — v. t. To smear with slush.

Slut (sliit), n. An untidy woman ; a female dog ;
a bitch. — Slut'tish (-tlsh), a. Like a slut ;
untidy ; disorderly. — Slut'tish-ly, adv.

Sly (sli), a. [Slyer ; Slyest.] Cunning ; crafty ;
subtile ; wily. — Sly'ly, adv. — Sly'ness, n.

Smack (smak), n. Taste ; flavor ; savor ; a small
quantity ; a loud kiss ; a quick, sharp noise, as
of the lips suddenly separated, or of a whip ; a
smart blow ; a slap. — v. i. [Smacked (smSkt) ;
Smacking.] To have a taste; to indicate; to
kiss with a loud sound ; to exhibit indications of
the presence or influence.

Smack (smSk), n. A small coasting vessel.

Small (smal), a. Not large in dimensions; of
slight consequence or little worth or ability;
slender ; trivial ; paltry ; mean. — n. The small
or tender part of a thing. — Small arms.
Muskets, pistols, etc., in distinction from can-
non. — Small beer. Weak beer. — Small talk.
Trifling conversation ; chit-chat. — Small'ness,
n. — Small'pox' (-pSks'), n. A contagious dis-
ease with a cutaneous eruption ; variola.

Smalt (smalt), n. Blue glass ground fine, and
used as a pigment.

Smart (smart), v. i. To feel a lively, pungent
pain ; to be punished. — n. Sharp pain. —
a. Pungent ; quick ; lively ; keen ; clever. —
Smart'ly, adv. — Smart'ness, n.

Smash (smSsh), v. t. & i. [Smashed (smSsht) ;
Smashing.] To break in pieces. — n. A break-
ing to pieces ; utter destruction.

Smat'ter (smXt'ter), v. i. To talk sup< rf.eially
or have a slight knowledge. — Smat'ter-er, 7i.

— Smat'ter- ing, «. A superficial knowledge.
Smear (smer), r. /. [Smeared (smerd) ; Smear-
ing.] To overspread with anything unctuous,
viscous, or adhesive ; to daub ; to soil ; to pol-
lute. — 11. A spot ; blotch; daub; stain.

Smell (smeT), v. t. [Smelled (sn.eld), Smelt
(sniglt) ; Smelling.] To perceive by the nose ;
to have an odor or particular scent or tincture.

— ?). Scent; perfume; fragrance. — Smell'er,
n. — Smelling, n. The sense of smell.

Smelt, imp. & p. p. of Smei.l.

Smelt (sniglt), n. A small silvery fish, allied to

the salmon.
Smelt (smPlt), ?'. t. To melt (ore) in separating

and refining the metal. — Smelt'er, n.

a, 6, 1, o, u, long ; a, C, I, 6, u, y,1short ; senate, fivent, idea, 6bey, dnite, care, arm, a*k, all, final,

SMERK

401

SNAKL

t. & n. See Smibk.

Smi'lax (smi'laks), n. An evergreen, climbing
shrub.

Smile (smll), v. i. [Smiled (smlld) ; Smiling.]
To express pleasure, joy, kindness, sarcasm,
etc., by contracting the features of the face ; to
look gay and joyous ; to favor ; to countenance.

— v. t. To express by a smile. — n. A smiling,
whether in joy or kindness or in contempt,
scorn, etc. ; favor; joyous appearance. — Smil'-
ing-ly, adv. — Smil'ing-ness, n.

Smirch (smerch), v. t. To smear ; to soil.

Smirk (smerk), v. i. [Smirked (smerkt) ; Smirk-
ing.] To look affectedly soft and kind ; to
smile weakly. — n. A silly smile ; a simper.

Snilte (.srnit), v. t. [imp. Smote (sinot) ; p. p.
Smitten (smTt't'n) (Smit (smit) rare) ; p. pr.
Smiting (smit'ing).] To strike ; to kill ; to
alflict ; to punish ; to affect with love, fear, etc.

— v. i. To strike ; to collide. — Smit'er, n.
Smith (smith), n. One who works in metals. —

Smith'er-y (smith'er-y), n. A smithy ; work
dons by a smith. — Smith'y (-f), n. The shop
of a smith.

Smlt/ten, p. p. of Smite.

Smock (smok), n. A woman's under-garment ; a
chemise ; a man's blouse or smockf rock. —
Smock'flOCk' (smok'frokO, n. A coarse out-
side garment for farm laborers.

Smoke (smok), n. Exhalation from burning mat-
ter. — v. i. [Smoked (smokt) ; Smoking.] To
emit smoke ; to use tobacco in a pipe or cigar.

— v. t. To apply smoke to ; to scent, medicate,
or dry, by smoke ; to draw into the mouth and
puff out the smoke of (tobacco, etc.). — Smok'-
er, n. — Smoke'Jack' (-jXk'), n. A contrivance
for turning a
spit by a wheel
turned by the
current of as-
cending air in
a chimney. —
Smoke'less,a.
Making no
smoke. —
Smoke'stack'
(-stSk'), n. A
chimney or
pipe for carry-
ing off t li e
smoke of a lo-
c o m o t i v e,
steamship,
etc. — Smok'y
(-y), a. [Smokier (-T-er) ; Smokiest.] Emitting,
resembling, filled with, or tarnished by, smoke.

— Smok'i-ly, adv. — Smok'i-ness, ».
Smol'der (smol'der). Smoul'der, V. i. To waste

away by slow combustion.

Smooth (smooth), a. [Smoother ; Smoothest.]
Having an even surface ; not rough or ob-
structed ; level ; flat ; polished ; soft ; flatter-
ing ; deceptive. — v. t. [Smoothed (smoothd) ;
Smoothing.] To make smooth. — Smoothly,
adv. — Smooth'ness, n.

Smote, imp. of Smite.

Smoth'er (smuth'er), v. t. [Smothered (-erd) ;
Smothering. ] To stifle ; to suffocate ; to sup-
press. — v. i. To be stifled or concealed ; to
smolder. — n. Smoke ; thick dust.

Smoul'der, v. i. See Smolder.

Smokejack.

Smudge (smuj), n. Dense smoke; a stain; a
smear, —v. t. To stifle ; to smear ; to soil.

Smug (smug), a. Studiously nice ; spruce ; prim.

Smug'gle (smug'g'l), v. t. & i. [Smvgglkd
(-g'ld) ; Smuggling (-gllng).] To import or ex-
port (dutiable goods) without paying duties ; to
convey privately. — Smug'gler, n.

Smut (smut), n. Foul matter ; soot or spot
which this makes ; a fungus, which forms on
grain, blasting it ; filthy language ; ribaldry ;
obscenity. — v. t. & i. To blacken ; to tarnish ;
to crock. — Smut'ty (smut'ty), a. [Smuttier
(-tT-er) ; Smuttiest.] Soiled with smut or
soot ; tainted with mildew ; obscene.

Smutch (smuch), v. t. [Smutched (smucht) ;
Smutching.] To smudge ; to blacken with
smoke or soot. — n. Stain ; dirty spot. [Writ-
ten also smooch.~\

Snack (sn5k), n. A share ; an equal portion ; a
slight meal.

Snai'fle (snSf'f'l), n. A bridle bit, having no
curb.

Snag (snag), n. A short or rough branch ; a
projecting tooth ; a trunk of a tree fallen into a
river, and fixed to the bottom, so as to en-
danger passing vessels. — v. t. [Snagged
(snagd) ; Snagging.] To destroy by a snag.
tu. £.] — Snag'ged (-gSd), Snag'gy (-gy), a.
Full of snags ; abounding with knots.

Snail (snal), n. An air-breathing mollusk, which
moves very slowly by
creeping; a sluggard;
a slow person. — KKSt^Ka -£-

Snail'-paced' ' »-^

(-past'), a. Slow-
moving.

Snake (snak), n. A serpent of the oviparous
kind, distinguished from a viper. — v. t.
[Snaked (snakt) ; Snaking.] To drag or draw
(a snake from a hole) ; to wind (a rope) spirally
with a smaller cord. — Snake'root' (-root'), n.
A plant of several species, considered remedies
for bites of serpents. — Snak'y (-f), a. Per-
taining to, or resembling, a snake ; serpentine ;
cunning ; insinuating.

Snap (snap), v. t. & i. [Snapped (snapt) ; Snap-
ping.] To break short ; to seize suddenly with
the teeth ; to crack. — n. A crack ; sudden
breaking or seizing with the teeth ; catch of a
bracelet, etc. ; sudden interval of cold weather
\U. S.~\ ; vigor, energy, or decision \_U. S.]. —
Snap'per, n. One that snaps; an ocean food
fish ; a snapping turtle ; a kind of woodpecker.

— Snap'drag on (-drSg'Qn), n. A plant whose
flower resembles a dragon's head ; a game in
which raisins are snatched from burning bran-
dy. — Snap'pish, a. Apt to snap ; peevish.

Snare (snSr), n. A noose, cord, or other con-
trivance for catching birds, etc. ; a trap ; a
wile. — v. t. [Snared (snSrd); Snaring.] To
entangle ; to bring into unexpected evil or dan-
ger. — Snare drum. The smaller and more
resonant military drum.

Snarl (snarl), v. i. [Snarled (snarld) ; Snarl-
ing.] To raise or form hollow work in (a me-
tallic vase, etc.) by blows of a snarling iron.

— Snarling iron. A tool of elastic metal, one
end of which is held in a vise, the shank is
struck with a hammer, and the vibrating head
or beak produces raised work upon the surface
of the vase, etc., into which it is inserted.

Snail.

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

SNARL

402

SNUFFER

Snarl (snarl), v. i. To growl, as an angry dog ;
to speak roughly ; to grumble. — Snarl'er, n.

Snarl, v. t. To entangle ; to embarrass ; to in-
snare. — n. A knot or complication of Lair,
thread, etc., difficult to disentangle ; embarrass-
ing difficulty.

Snatch (snach), v. t. & i. [Snatched (snacht) ;
Snatching.] To seize hastily or roughly ; to
pull ; to grasp. — n. A hasty catch or seizing ;
a short period ; a small piece or quantity.

Snath (snath), n. The handle of a scythe.
[Written also snathe, sneathe, snead, etc.]

Sneak (snek), v. i. [Sneaked (snekt) ; Sneak-
ing.] To steal away privately; to behave
meanly ; to truckle. — n. A mean, sneaking
fellow. — Sneaking, a. Mean ; servile ; cov-
etous ; niggardly. — Sneak'ing-ly, adv.

Sneer (sner), v. i. [Sneered (snerd) ; Sneering.]
To show contempt by the countenance ; to
scoff ; to jeer ; to gibe. — n. A look or insinu-
ation of contempt, derision, or scorn. — Sneer'-
er, «. — Sneer'ing-ly, adv.

Sneeze (snez), v. i. [Sneezed (snezd) ; Sneez-
ing.] To emit air through the nose, audibly
and violently. — n. Sudden and noisy ejection
of air through the nose.

Snick'er (snTk'er), v. i. [Snickered (-erd);
Snickering.] To laugh slyly; to laugh with
small, audible catches of voice, as when at-
tempting to suppress loud laughter. — n. A
suppressed laugh.

Sniff (snif), v. i. [Sniffed (smft) or Sndjt;
Sniffing.] To draw air audibly up the nose ;
to snuff, esp. as expressing contempt. — v. t.
To draw in with the breath through the nose ;
to scent. — n. Perception by sniffing.

Snig'ger, v. & n. See Snicker.

Snip (snip), v- '• [Snipped (snipt) ; Snipping.]
To cut off ; to clip ; to nip. — n. A single cut ;
a bit cut off.

Snipe (snip), n. A long-beaked game bird of
many species,
which fre-
quents banks
of rivers and
borders of
fens.

Sniv'el (snTV-
'1), v. i. [Sniv-
eled (-'Id) or
Snivelled;
Sniveling or

S N I V ELLING. ]

To run at the

nose ; to cry or whine as children. — n. Mucus

running from the nose ; snot. — Sniv'el-er, or

Sniv'el-ler, n.
Snob (sn5b), n. An affected .and pretentious

person ; a vulgar person, who apes gentility ;

an upstart; a parvenu. — Snob'ber-y (-ber-y),

n. The quality of being snobbish. — Snob'-

bish, a. Belonging to, or resembling, a snob.

— SnoVbish-ly, adv. — Snob'bish-ness, n.
Snooze (snooz), n. A short sleep ; a nap. — v. i.

[Snoozed (snobzd) ; Snoozing.] To doze.
Snore (sn3r), v. i. [Snored (snord) ; Snoring.]

To breathe with a rough, hoarse noise in deep.

— n. A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep.
Snort (sn8rt), v. i. [Snorted; Snorting.] To

force the air violently and noisily through the

nose ; to laugh loudly. — n. A snorting.

American, or Wilson's, Snipe.

Snot (sn5t), n. Mucus secreted in, or discharged

from, the nose. — Snotfty (-tjf ), a. Foul with

snot ; mean ; dirty.
Snout (snout), n. A long, projecting nose, as of

swine ; the nozzle of a hollow pipe. — v. t. To

furnish with a nozzle or point.
Snow (sno), n. Frozen vapor, falling through the

Snow Crystals.

air in flakes. — v. i. [Snowed (snod) ; Snow-
ing.] To fall in snow. — v. t. To scatter like
snow. — SncWball' (-bal'), n. A round mass of
snow, pressed together. — v. t. [Snowballed
(-bald') ; Snowballing.] To pelt with snow-
balls. — SnoWbird' (-berd'), n. A finch which
appears in flocks in winter. — SnOW'-blind7
(-blind' ), a. Affected with blindness by glare
of the snow. — Snow'-blind'ness, n. — Snow-
bound' (-bound'), a. Enveloped in, or confined
by, snow. — Snowdrift', n. A bank of snow
driven together by the wind. — SnoWdrop', n.
A bulbous plant, bearing white flowers. —
Snow,flake/, n. A flake or filmy mass of
snow ; a plant resembling the snowdrop. —
Snow'ploW, or Snow'plough' (-plou'), n. A
machine for clearing snow from roads, rail-
roads, etc. — Snow'shed', n. A protection
from snow. — Snow'shoe/ (-shoo'), n. A light
frame, long and broad,
worn under the foot
to enable one to walk
on the snow without
sinking. — Snow'-
Storm', n. A storm Snowshoe.

with falling snow. — SnoW- white7 (-hwif), a.
White as snow ; very white. — SnOW'y (-y). a.
White like snow ; abounding or covered with
snow ; pure ; unstained.

Snub (snub), v. t. [Snubbed (sniibd) ; Snub-
bing.] To nip ; to clip or break off the end of ;
to check or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic re-
ply ; to slight designedly, —n. A check or re-
buke. — Snub nose. A short or flat nose. —
Snub'-nosed' (-nozd'), a. Having a short
nose, slightly turned up.

Snuff (sniff ), n. The part of a candle wick charred
by the flame, whether burning or not. — v. t.
[Snuffed (snuft) ; Snuffing.] To crop the
snuff of (a candle).

Snuff (snuf), v. t. [Snuffed (snuft) ; Snuffing.]
To draw in with the breath ; to inhale ; to
scent ; to smell, — v. i. To inhale air violently
or noisily ; to snort ; to take offense, — n. Pul-
verized tobacco or other substance, snuffed up
into the nose. —Up to snuff. Not likely to be
imposed upon ; knowing ; acute. {Colloq.} —
Snuffbox' (-b3ks'), a. A box for carrying
snuff about the person. — Snuff'er, n. One
Who snuffs ; a porpoise ; pi. an instrument for
cropping the snuff of a candle.

fi, e, I, o, ii, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, ftnite, cftre, ftrm, ask, all, final,

SNUFFLE

403

SOLACEMEXT

Snul'fle (snuf'fl), v. i. [Snuffled (-fid) ; Snuf-
fling.] To speak through the nose or as if the
uo.se were obstructed ; to breathe hard through
the nose ; to sniffle. — n. A sound made by air
passing through the nostrils ; an affected nasal
twang ; cant. — Snuf'fler. n. — Snuffles (-Viz),
n. pi. Obstruction of the nose by mucus.

Snuff 'y, a. Soiled with .snuff.

Snug (snug), a. [Snugger ; Snuggest.] Closely
pressed ; concealed ; compact, convenient, and
comfortable. — v. i. [Snugged (snugd) ; Snug-
ging.] To lie close; to snuggle. — Snug'ly,
adv. — Snug'ness, ». — Snug'gle (-g'l), v. i.
[Snuggled (-g'ld) ; Snuggling (-gling).] To
work one's self into a close place ; to lie close
for convenience or warmth.

So (so), adv. Thus; in like manner or degree;
very ; therefore. — conj. Provided that ; in
case that. — So forth. Further in the same
manner. — So that. To the end that ; in order
that.

Soak (sok), v. t. & i. [Soaked (sokt) ; Soaking.]
To steep ; to drench ; to wet thoroughly. —
Soak'y (-y), a. Wet ; soppy.

Soap (sop), ft. A substance which dissolves in
water, forming lather, and is used as a cleans-
ing agent ; a compound of fats and oils with al-
kalies or oxides. — v. t. [Soaped (sopt) ; Soap-
ing.] To rub or wash over with soap. — Soap
bubble. A spherical film of soapsuds formed
by inflation. — Soap'stone7 (-ston'), n. A soft
magnesian mineral, of a soapy or greasy feel ;
talc. — Soap'suds', n. pi. Suds. — Soap'y (-y ),
a. Like soap ; smeared with soap.

Soar (soi), r. i. [Soared (sord) ; Soaring.] To
fly aloft, as a bird ; to mount on wings ; to rise
in imagination. — n. A towering flight.

Sob (s5o), r. i. [Sobbed (s5bd) ; Sobbing.] To
sigh convulsively, or with heaving of the breast.
— «. A catching of the breath in sorrow; a
sorrowful cry.

SCber (somber), a. [Soberer ; Soberest.] Tem-
perate in the use of spirituous liquors; self-
controlled ; moderate ; steady ; cool ; sedate ;
staid ; serious ; solemn. — v. t. [Sobered
(-berd) ; Sobering.] To make sober ; to cure
of intoxication. — v. i. To become sober. —
Somberly, adv. — So'ber-ness, n. — So'oer-
mlnd ed (-mlnd'gd), a. Habitually sober, calm,
and temperate. — So-bri'0-ty (so-bri^e-ty), n.
Habitual soberness ; moderation ; coolness ; se-
dateness; gravity.

So-bran'je (so-bran'yS),n. Legislature of Bulgaria.

llSo'bri/quef (so'bre'ka'), n. An assumed name ;
a nickname. [Sometimes written soubriquet.']

So'cia-Dle (so'sha-b'l), a. Inclined to society ;
disposed to company ; companionable ; friend-
ly ; familiar; accessible. — /;. An informal
party or reception. [Colloq. U. £.] — So'cia-
bly, adv. — So'ciable-ness, So'cia-bil'i-ty, n.

So'clal (so'shal), a. Pertaining to, or fond of.
society ; companionable ; familiar ; convivial ;
festive. — Social science. Science of the so-
cial condition, or of well-being in an organized
community. — So'cial-ly, adv. — So'cial-ness,

n. — So'cial-ism (,-iz'm), ft. A theory that a
community of interests is the best form of soci-
ety ; communism. — So'cial-ist (-Tst), ft. One
who advocates socialism. — Social-is'tic (-Ts'-
tTk), a. Relating to, or like, socialism. — So'Cl-
al'i-ty (so'shl-Sl'T-ty), n. Sociableness. — So'-

cial-ize (so'shol-iz), v. t. [Socialized (-Izd);
Socializing.] To render social ; to subject to,
or regulate by, the principles of socialism.

So-Ci'e-ty (so-si'e-ty), 7i. Union of persons in
some common interest ; fellowship ; the culti-
vated portion of any community ; company.

So-Cin'i-an (so-sin'T-an), a. Pertaining to Soci-
nus or his creed, —n. A follower of Socinus.

— So-cin'i-an-ism (-Tz'm), n. The doctrines
of Socinus, who denied the Trinity, deity of
Christ, personality of the devil, total depravity
of man, and eternity of future punishment.

S0/ci-0l'0-gy (so/shi-ol'o-jy), ft. Philosophy of
i human society ; social science.

Sock (sok), n. The shoe ot an ancient actor of
J comedy ; a short stocking.

Sock'et (s5k'St), n. An opening into which any-
thing is fitted.

Sod (sod), n. Earth filled with roots of grass ;
I turf; sward. — r. t. [Sodded; Sodding.] To
I cover with sod ; to turf.

So'da (soMa), n. An alkali, forming the basis of
common salt ; sodium oxide, carbonate, etc. —
Soda fountain. A receptacle from which to
draw soda water. — Soda water. A beverage
consisting of water charged with carbonic acid
and flavored with sirups.

So-dal'i-ty (s6-d511-ty), n. A fellowship or fra-
ternity, esp. for charitable work.

Sod'den, p. p. of Seethe.

So'dl-um (so'di-um), n. A metallic chemical ele-
ment, used in combination in many salts, and
an important commercial product ; the metallic
base of soda.

So/fa (so'fa), n. ; pi. Sofas (-faz). A long orna-
mental seat.

Soffit (sBf'fTt), n. A ceiling ; the under side of
a staircase, cornice, etc.

Soft (soft), a. Easily yielding to pressure ; not
rough or harsh ; smooth ; mild ; weak ; easy.

— adv. Softly ; quietly. — interj. Be soft ;
hold ; not so fast. — Softly, adv. — Soft'ness,
n. — Soft/en (s5fn), v. t. & i. [Softened
(-'nd) ; Softening.] To make or become soft.

Sog'gy (sog'gy)> a. [Soggler (-gT-er) ; Soggi-
est.] Filled with water ; damp ; wet.

l:Soi/-di/sant' (swa'de'zaN'), a. [F.] Calling
himself ; self-styled ; would-be.

Soil (soil), v. t. [Soiled (soild) ; Soiling.] To
feed (cattle, horses, etc.) with green food, so as
to purge them.

Soil (soil), v. t. To make dirty on the surface ;
to begrime ; to smear ; to daub ; to stain ; to
defile ; to pollute. — r. i. To become dirty. —
ft. Dirt ; tarnish ; spot ; stain.

Soil (soil), n. The upper stratum of the earth ;
mold ; land ; country ; dung ; compost ; ma-
nure. — r. t. To manure.
Soi reV (swa'ra'), n. [F.] An evenine party.

So'joum (so'idrn or so-jdrn'), v. ?'. [Sojourned ;
Sojourning.] To dwell for a time. — ?i. Tem-
porary residence. — So'joum-er. ft.

;Sol (s51), n. [L.] The sun ; the color of gold in
heraldry.

Sol (sol), n. A syllable applied in solmization to
the note G, or the fifth tone of the diatonic
scale ; the tone itself.

Sol'ace (s51'as), n. Comfort in grief; relief;
alleviation. — r. t. [Solaced (-ast) ; Solacing
<-u--Tng).] To cheer in grief ; to allay; to con-
sole. — Sol'ace-ment (-uicnt), ft. A adlacing.

fgro, recent, 6rb, njde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SOLAK

404

SOME

Solar (soler), a. Pertaining to, proceeding
froni, or measured or produced by, the sun.

Sold, imp. & p. p. of Sell.

Sol'der (.aod'er or sol'uer), n. A metallic compo-
sition for uniting surfaces of metals : a metallic
cement. — v. t. [Soldered (-erd) ; Soldering.]
To unite (surfaces of metals) by solder.

Sol'aier (sol'jer), n. One engaged in military
service ; esp., a private as distinguished from an
officer ; a brave warrior. — t . i. To serve as a
soldier ; to make pretense of performing a task.
— Sol'dier-ly (-ly), a. Like a soldier ; martial ;
brave ; heroic ; honorable. — Sol'dier-y (-y), n.
A body of soldiers collectively ; the military.

Sole (sol), n. The bottom of the foot or of a
shoe. — v. t. [Soled ; Soling.] To furnish
with a sole.

Sole (sol), n. A marine flatfish having both eyes
placed on the side
of the head which
is uppermost
when swimming ;
a flounder.

Sole (sol), a. Sin-
gle ; only ; soli- ^^^~ 16
tary. — Sole'ly, Common European Sole.
adv.

Sol'e-Cism (sol'e-siz'm), n. Impropriety in lan-
guage ; any absurdity or impropriety. — Sol'6-
Cist (-sist), n. One who commits a solecism.

Sol'emn. (sol'em), a. Religiously grave ; formal ;
ceremonial ; sober ; serious ; devout. — Sol'-

emn-ly, adv. — Sol'emn-ness, n. — So-lem'ni-

ty (^o-lem'iii-ty), n. ; pi. Solemnities (-tiz).
Solemnness ; seriousness ; a religious ceremony ;
a legal proceeding according to due form. —
Sol'em-nize (sol'eni-niz), v. t. [Solemnized
(-nizd) ; Solemnizing.] To perform with sol-
emn or legal ceremonies ; to dignify ; to cele-
brate. — Sol'em-nl-za'tion (-nl-za'shun), n. A
solemnizing ; celebration.

Sol' -la' (sol'f'a'), v. i. [Sol-faed (-fad'); Sol-
faing.] To sing the notes of the gamut.

So-licit (so-lis'it), v. t. [Solicited ; Soliciting.]
To ask earnestly ; to beseech ; to crave ; to en-
treat ; to beg ; to importune. — So-UCi-ta'tion
(-T-ta'shun), n. A soliciting ; earnest request ;
invitation. — So-liclt-or (-llsTt-er), n. One
who solicits ; an attorney or advocate. — So-
lic'it-OUS (-us), a. Disposed to solicit ; eager
to obtain (something desirable) or to avoid (any-
thing evil) ; careful. — So-liC'it-OUS-ly, adv. —
So-lic'it-ous-ness. So-lic'i-tude (-I-tud), n.

Solid (s51'Td), a. Having the constituent parts
so firmly adhering as to resist the impression or
penetration of other bodies; not hollow ; full of
matter ; not spongy ; dense ; firm ; compact ;
strong ; worthy of credit, trust, or esteem ;
hard ; substantial ; sound ; real ; valid ; just ;
weighty ; grave. — n. A substance having fixed
form, or not fluid ; a geometrical magnitude
which has length, breadth, and thickness. —
Solid angle. An angle formed by three or
more plane angles, not in the same plane,
meeting in a point. — Solld-ly, adv. — Solld-
ness. Solidity (sS-iidT-tj-), n.— Sol i-dar'-
1-ty ( sSl'T-dXr'T-tj' ), n. Union of interests;
consolidation ; fellowship. — So-lid'1-fi-ca'tlon
(so-lTd'T-fT-ka'shiin), n. A making solid. — So-
lid'i-fy (-lTdT-fi), r. t. [Solidified (-fid) ; So-
lidifying] To make solid. — v. i. To harden.

So-lil'O-qtiy (so-lil'o-kwy), n. A talking to one's
sell. — So-liro-quize i-kwiz), v. i. [Solilo-
I quized (-kwizd) ; Soliloquizing (-kwFzing).]
| To utter a soliloquy.

Sol i-taire7 (sol'i-taV), n. A game which one
person can play alone ; a single diamond in a
setting.

Sol'i-ta-ry (sol'T-ta-ry), a. Inclined to be alone ;
not much frequented ; retired ; single ; individ-
ual. — n. A hermit ; a recluse. — Sol'i-ta-ri-ly,
adv. — Sol'i-ta-ri-ness (-ri-nes), n. — Sol'i-
tude (-tud), n. Loneliness ; a desert.

Solo (so'lo), n.; pi. E. Solos (-loz) ; It. Soli
(-le). A tune or strain, played by a single in-
strument, or sung by a single voice. — So'lo-ist,
i n. One who performs a solo.

Sol'stice (sol'stls), n. The point in the ecliptic

WINTER
S.P.LSTJCCL
DEC. 21

F J

SUMME

.SOL ST! Of
JUNE 2]

\

/E

VERiNAL \
EQUtNOX \
MARCH 21 \

A and B Equal Dav and Night ; E Longest
Day ; F Shortest Day.

at which the sun is furthest from the equator,
north or south, about the 21st of June and of
December. — Sol-Sti'tial (sol-stish'al), a. Per-
taining to, or happening at, a solstice.
Sol'U-ble (sol'u-b'l), a. Susceptible of being dis-
solved in a fluid, or of being solved or explained.
-Sol'u-ble-ness, Sol'u-fcil'i-ty (-bT11-ty), n.
! Solus (so'lus), a. [L.] Alone.
So-lU/tion (so-lu'shun), ??. A separating the
parts of any body ; disentanglement of a prob-
j lem ; disintegration ; a preparation made by
j dissolving a solid in a liquid. — Sol'U-tive (s51'-
' u-tlv), a. Tending to dissolve.
Solve (solv). v. t. [Solved (solvd) ; Solving.]
To loosen the parts of; to clear up (what is
obscure); to explain ; to remove. — Solv'a-ble
(s51v'a-b'l), a. Capable of being solved, re-
' solved, or paid. — Solv'a-ble-ness, Solv a-bil'i-

ty (-btlT-ty), n.
Sol- vend' (s51-vgnd'), n. A substance to be dis-
solved.
Sol'vent (s51'vent), a. Having power to dissolve ;
j able or sufficient to pay just debts. — ??. A
j fluid that dissolves any substance. — Sol'ven-cy
(s51'vfn-sy). ». State of being solvent.

Som'ber (som'bSr), Som'bre. Som'brous (-brtis),
</. Dull; dusky; gloomy; sad; grave.
Som-bre'ro (*oin-bra'r6),H. A Spaniard's broad-
brimmed hat.

Some (sum), a. More or less ; a little ; a certain
(person, thing, event, etc.) not known specific-

a, 6, 1, 5, a, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, ^vent, tdea, ftbey, dnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SOMEBODY

405

SORT

ally ; about ; near ; this, not that ; these, not
those (in distinction from others) ; a portion. —
Some^bod-y (siku'bod-jf ), n. A person unknown
or uncertain ; a person of consideration. —
Some/hOW/ (-hou'), adv. In one way or an-
other. — Some'thing (-thing), n. Anything
undetermined ; a portion, more or less. — adv.
In some degree ; somewhat. — Some 'time7
(-tun'), adv. At an indefinite past or future
time ; once ; hereafter. — a. Having been for-
merly; former. — Some/times/ (-timz'), adv. At
times ; at intervals ; now and then. — Some'-
What' (-hwoV), n. More or less ; something.

— adv. In some degree or quantity. — Some'-
where' (-hwaV), adv. In some place not speci-
fied ; in one place or another.

Som'er-sault (sum'er-sait), Som'er-set (-sSt), n.
A leap in which one turns heels over head, and
lights upon his feet.

Som-nam'bU-lism ( som-nam'bu-lTz'm ), n. A
state of sleep in which some of the senses and
powers are partially awake. — Som-nam'bu-list
(-list), n. One who walks in his sleep.

Som-nii'er-ous (aSm-mfSr-fis), Somnific (-Tk),
a. Causing sleep ; tending to induce sleep.

Som-nil'0-q.uence (som-nTl'o-kwens), n. A talk-
ing in sleep. — Som-nil'O-qnist (-kwist), n. One
who talks in his sleep. — Som-nil'0-q.UOUS
(-kwus), a. Apt to talk in sleep. — Som-nil'O-
quy (-kwy), n. A talking in sleep.

Som'no-lent (s5in'n6-lent), a. Sleepy ; drowsy ;
inclined to sleep. — Som'no-lence(-l'ms), Som'-
no-leil-cy (-len-sy), n. Sleepiness ; drowsiness.

Son (sun), n. A male child or descendant.

So'nant (so'nant), a. Sounding ; vocal.

! So-na'ta (so-nii'ta), n. [It.] A tune for one or
two instruments.

Song (song), n. A short poem to be sung; a
ballad ; poetry ; a mere trifle. — Song'ster
(song'ster), n. One who sings ; a singing bird.

— Song'Stress (-stres), n. A female singer.
Son'-Ln-law' (sun'Tn-la/), n. ; pi. Sons-in-law

(sunz'-). A man married to one's daughter.

Son'net (son'net), n. A poem of fourteen lines,
having rhymes adjusted by a particular rule. —
v. i. To compose sonnets.

So-no'rous (so-no'riis), a. Giving sound when
struck, esp. a clear, loud sound ; characterized
by sound ; vocal.

Son'ship (sun'ship), n. State or character of a
son; filiation.

Soon (soon), adv. In a short time ; without de-
lay ; readily ; willingly.

Soot (soot or soot), n. A black substance formed
by combustion ; the fine powder, consisting
chiefly of carbon, which colors smoke. — r. t.
[Sooted; Sooting.] To cover or foul with
soot. — Soot'y (-*), a. [Sootier; Sootiest.]
Producing, consisting of, or soiled by, soot ;
dusky ;_dingy. — Soot'i-ness, n.

Sooth (sooth), n. Truth ; reality.

Soothe (sooth), v. t. [Soothed (soothd) ; Sooth-
ing.] To please with soft words ; to flatter ; to
calm ; to pacify ; to mitigate. — Sooth'er. n.

Sooth/say7 (.-ooth'-a'), v. i. To foretell ; to pre-
dict. — Sooth'say er (-sa'er), n. — Sooth'say-
lng, n. The foretelling of events.

Sop (sop), n. Anything steeped, or softened, in
liquid, to be eaten ; a thing given to pacify. —
v. t. [Sopped (s5pt) ; Sopping.] To steep or
dip in liquor.

Soph'ism (sSf'Tz'm), n. The reasoning of a
sophist ; fallacy designed to deceive. — Soph'ist
(-1st), n. A captious or fallacious reasoner. —
Soph/ist-er (-er), n. An English university stu-
dent advanced beyond the first year of his resi-
dence. — So-phis'tic (so-fls'tlk), So-phis'tic-al
(-ti-kal), a. Pertaining to a sophist, or embody-
ing sophistry ; fallaciously subtle. — So-phis'-
tic-al-ly, adv. — So-phis'tl-cate (-tT-kat), v. t.
To render worthless by admixture ; to adulter-
ate ; to debase ; to corrupt ; to vitiate. — So-
phis'ti-cate (-katj, So-phis'ti-ca'ted (-ka'ted),
a. Adulterated ; not genuine. — So-phis'ti-ca'-
tlon (-fTs/tT-ka'shun), n. An adulterating ; a
counterfeiting or debasing the purity of any-
thing. — So-phis'ti-ca'tor (-fis'tT-ka'ter), n. —
Soph'ist-ry (sot'is-try), n. The practice of a
sophist ; fallacious reasoning.

Soph'o-more (sof'o-mor), n. A member of the
second of the four classes in an American col-
lege. — Soph7 o-mor'ic (-mor'lk), Soph'o-mor'-
ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Pertaining to, or resembling,
a sophomore ; inflated in style or maimer.

llSo'por (so'por), n. [L.] Profound sleep, from
which one is roused only with difficulty. —
Sop o-ril'er-ous ( sSp'o-rffer-us ), Sop'o-rif'ic
(-Ik), a. Causing sleep ; narcotic ; opiate ; ano-
dyne. — Sop'O-rif/ic, n. A medicine or other
thing that induces sleep.

So-pra'no (s6-pra'n6), n. The treble ; the highest
female voice ; a treble singer.

Sor'cer-y (s6r'ser-y), n. Divination by assistance
of^evil spirits ; magic ; witchcraft. — Sor'cer-er
(-er), n. A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a magician.
— Sor'cer-ess (-Ss), n. A female sorcerer. —
Sor'cer-OUS (-us), a. Pertainiug to sorcery.

Sor'did ( s6r'dTd ), a. Vile ; base ; meanly ava-
ricious. — Sor'did-ly, adv. — Sor'did-ness, n.

Sore (sor), a. [Soeeh ; Sorest.] Tender; pain-
ful ; inflamed ; easily pained or vexed ; severe ;
distressing. — n. A place in the body where the
flesh is tender or painful ; an ulcer ; a boil ;
affliction; difficulty, — adv. With pain ; griev-
ously ; deeply. — Sore'ly. adv. — Sore'ness, n.

Sor'gnum (sGr'gum), n. A tall grass or cane, of
which some species have a sweetish juice, from
which sugar is made ; Chinese sugar cane.

Sor'gO (sSr'go), n. Indian millet.

So-ror'i-cide (s6-r5r'i-sid), n. The murder, or
murderer, of a sister.

So-TO'siS (so-ro'sTs), n. A woman's club ; a fleshy
fruit, in which many flowers are consolidated,
as the mulberry, pineapple, etc.

Sor'rel (sor'rSl), a. Of a yellowish color. — n. A
yellowish or reddish brown color.

Sor'rel (s5r'r51), n. One of various plants having
sour juice.

Sor'rl-ly, Sor'rl-ness. See under Sorry, a.

Sor'row (sor'ro), n. Pain of mind produced by
loss or disappointment ; regret ; grief ; mourn-
ing. — v. i. [Sorrowed (-rod) ; Sorrowing.]
To grieve; to be sad. — Sor'row-ful (-fyl), a.
Sad; mournful; dismal; dreary; grievous. —
Sor'row-ful-ly, adv. — Sor'row-ful-ness. ».

Sor'ry (sor'rj'), a. [Sorrier; Sorriest.] Grieved
for something lost; afflicted : poor; mean; worth-
less. — Sor'ri-ly, adv. — Sor'ri-ness, n.

Sort (s6rt), n. A kind or species ; manner ; con-
dition. — v. t. To separate (things having like
qualities) from other things, and place in dis-
tinct classes ; to reduce to order from confusion;

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SORTABLE

406

SPAGHETTI

to select ; to cull. — v. i. To agree ; to asso-
ciate ; to suit ; to fit. — Sort'a-ble (s6rt'a-b'l),
a. Capable of being sorted. — Sort'er, n.

Sor'tie (s6"r'te),^i. An issuing of troops from a
besieged place to attack the besiegers ; a sally.

Sor'ti-lege (s6r'ti-lej), n. A divination by draw-
ing lots.

So'-SO' (so'so'), a. Neither very good nor very
bad ; passable ; indifferent.

Sot (sot), n. One stupefied by drinking ; an ha-
bitual drunkard. — Sot'tish (sot'tish), a. Dolt-
ish ; very foolish ; stupid with intemperance. —
Sot'tish ly, adv. — Sot'tish-ness, n.

HSot'tO VO'ce ( sot 'to vo ' cha ). [It.] With re-
strained or moderate force ; spoken aside or in
an undertone.

Sou (soo), n. ; pi. Sous (sob). An old French
copper coin, worth a cent.

Sou'brette' (soo/bret'), n. [F.] A chambermaid ;
an intriguing servant girl in comedy.

Sou'bri'quet' (sdo'bre'ka'), n. See Sobriquet.

Souchong' (soo-shong'), n. A kind of black tea.

Sough (suf), n. A hollow murmur or roaring ; a
rumor or flying report. — v. i. To whistle or
sigh, as the wind.

Sought (sat), imp. & p. p. of Seek.

Soul (sol), n. The spiritual and immortal part in
man ; the understanding ; the seat of real life ;
the essential part ; the leader or inspirer of any
action ; a human being ; a person ; a man. —
Soul'less (sol'lgs), a. Without a soul ; without
nobleness of mind ; mean ; spiritless.

Sound (sound), n. A fish's air bladder.

Sound (sound), a. Encire ; unbroken ; healthy ;
strong ; supported by justice or law ; weighty ;
heavy ; laid on with force ; profound ; undis-
turbed ; correct ; legal ; valid. — adv. Soundly ;
heartily. — Sound'ly, adv. — Sound'ness, n.

Sound (sound), n. A narrow passage of water ;
a strait connecting two seas, or a sea or lake
with the ocean ; a surgeon's probe for explor-
ing cavities of the body. — v. t. To measure
the depth of (water, by a line and plummet) ;
to introduce a sound into the bladder or other
cavity of the body ; to seek to interpret the in-
tentions or wishes of ; to examine ; to test. —
V. i. To use the line and lead in searching the
depth of water. — Sound'ingS, n. pi. Meas-
urements by sounding; the depths so ascer-
tained ; a part of the ocean where a line will
reach the bottom ; matter brought up from the
bed of the sea by a sounding line.

Sound (sound), n. A perception by the ear of
vibrations of the air ; noise ; report ; noise
without signification ; noise and nothing else.
— v. i. To make a noise; to be conveyed in
sound ; to be spread or published.— v. t. To play
on (a musical instrument, etc.); to utter audi-
bly ; to spread by sound or report. — Sound'-
lng, a. Sonorous ; making a noise ; having a
hue sound. — Sound ' ing — board ' (-bord'),
n. A thin board which propagates the sound
in an organ, violin, etc., or which is suspended
behind or over a pulpit to give effect to a speak-
er's voice.

Sound'ly, Sound'ness. See under Sound, a.

Soup (soop), n. A decoction of flesh for food ;
strong broth.

Sour (sour), a. Having a sharp, pungent taste ;
rancid; harsh ; crabbed ; peevish. — ». A sour
<>r add substance.— v. t. <$: i. [SoUBED ; Sour-

ing.] To make, or become, sour. — Sour'ly,
adv. — Sour'ness, «.— Sour'crout' 4-ki'out'),
n. Sauerkraut. — Sour'ing, n. A sour apple.

— Sour'ish, a. Somewhat sour or acid.
Source (sors), n. A spring whence a stream of

water proceeds ; rise ; beginning ; origin.

Souse (sous), n. Pickle made with salt ; some-
thing steeped in pickle ; esp., the ears, feet, etc.,
of swine, pickled. — v. t. [Soused (soust) ;
Sousing.] To steep in pickle ; to plunge into
water ; to duck ; to drench. — adv. With sud-
den violence.

South (south), n. The point of compass opposite
to the north. — a. Lying toward the south. —
adv. Toward the south ; from the south. —
South (south), v. t. [Southed (southd) ; South-
ing.] To turn or move toward the south. —
South/er (south'er), n. A wind or storm from
the south. — Soutn'ing, n. Tendency or mo-
tion to the south ; the time when the moon
passes the meridian ; course or distance south.

— South'er-ly (suth'er-ly), South'ern (-era), a.
Pertaining to, situated in, or coming from, the
south ; situated, or proceeding, toward the
south. — South'ern-er, n. One who lives in
the south. — South'er-li-ness (-er-11-ngs), n. —
South'ron (-run), n. A southerner ; — a name
formerly given by Scots to an Englishman. —
South'ward (south'werd ; colloq. suth'erd),
Southwards (-werdz), adv. Toward the south.

— Southeast' (south'est' ; colloq. sou'-), n.
The point of the compass equally distant from
south and east. — Southeast', South'east'er-ly
(-er-ly), South'east'ern (-ern), a. Pertaining
to, or proceeding from, the southeast. — South'-
west' (-west'), n. The point of the compass
equally distant from south and west. — South'-
west', South'west'er-ly, South' west'ern, a.
Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the south-
west.

Sou've-nir' (sob've-ner' or sobv'ner), n. [F.] A
remembrancer ; a keepsake.

Sov'er-eign (suv'er-Tn or s5v'-), a. Supreme in
power; chief; effectual; predominant. — n. A
supreme ruler ; king ; prince ; monarch ; poten-
tate ; emperor ; an English gold coin worth £1,
or $4.86. — Sovereign State. A state which ad-
ministers its own government, and is independ-
ent of other powers. — Sov'er-eign-ty (-ty), n.
Exercise of supreme power ; dominion.

Sow (sou), n. The female of the hog kind.

SOW (so), v. t. [imp. Sowed (sod); p. p. Sown
(son) or Sowed ; p. pr. Sowing.] To scatter
(seed) upon the earth ; to plant ; to propagate.

— v. i. To scatter seed for growth. — Sow'er, R.
Soy (soi), n. A kind of sauce for fish.

Spa (spa), n. A spring of mineral water.

Space (spas), n. Extension ; room ; interval be-
tween two points of time, between lines or words
in books, etc. — v. t. [Spaced (spast) ; Spa-
cing.] To arrange spaces and intervals in or
between. — Spa'cious (spa'shus), a. Inclosing
an extended space ; roomy ; ample ; capacious.

— Spa'cious-ly, adv. — Spa'cious-ness. n.
Spade (spSd)i n. An Instrument for digging ;

one of a suit of cards, bearing figures resem-
bling spades. — V. t. To dig witli a spado. —
Spade'ful (-ful).H. .• pi. Spadefuls (-fulz). As
much as a spade will hold.
Spa-ghet'ti (spa-get'tT), n. Macaroni formed in
small sticks.

5, e, 1, 5, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, ii, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SPAHI

407

SPEAR

j, n. a. nauve 01 opaiu.
n. A small, lung - haired,

llSpft'hl (spa/he), Spa'hee, n. A Turkish or Al-
gerian cavalryman.

Span (span), n. The space between the ends of
the extended thumb and little finger ; nine
inches, or one eighth of a fathom ; a brief ex-
tent of time ; extent of an arch between its
abutments ; a pair of horses driven together.

— v. t. [Spanned (spand); Spanning.] To
measure by the extended fingers, or with the
fingers encompassing an object.

Span'gle (spSn'g'l), n. A small plate or boss of
shining metal ; anything small and glittering.

— v. t. [Spangled (-g'ld) ; Spangling.] To
set or sprinkle with spaugles. —v. i. To glitter.

Span'iard (spau'yerd), n. A native of Spain
Span'iel (span'yei), n. A small, long-haired,
sporting dog, of
several varieties.
Span'lsh (spau'ish),
a. Of or pertain-
ing to Spain. — n.
The language of
Spain. — Spanish
bayonet, Spanish
daggers. A lilia-
ceous plant of the Sussex Spaniei.
Southern United
States and Mexico, having rigid pointed leaves.

— Spanish fly. A green beetle of Southern
Europe, used for raising blisters ; blister bee-
tle. — Spanish mackerel. A food fish of the
coasts of Europe and America. — Spanish
main. An old name for the Caribbean Sea and
its vicinity.

Spank (spank), v. t. [Spanked (spXnkt) ; Spank-
ing.] To strike on the breech with the open
hand ; to slap. — Spank'er, n. The after sail
of a ship or bark ; one who walks with long
strides ; a fast horse. — Spanking, a. Moving
with a lively pace.

Span'ner (span'ner), n. One that spans ; a kind
of lever to tighten nuts upon screws.

Span'-new' (spSn'nu7), a. Quite new ; brand-
new.

Span'WOrm' (spau'wArm'), n. The larva of a
geometrid moth ; a cankerworm ; a measuring
worm.

Spar (spar), n. A nonmetallie mineral. — Spar'ry
(-ry), a. Resembling or containing spar.

Spar (spar), n. A long beam ; — a general term
for a ship's mast, yard, boom, and gaff. — v. t.
To equip (a vessel) with spars. — Spar deck.
The upper deck of a vessel.

Spar (spar), v. i. [Sparred (spard) ; Sparring.]
To contend with the fists ; to box ; to quarrel in
words ; to wrangle. — n. A feigned blow ; a
contest at sparring.

Spare (spSr), v. t. [Spared (spa*rd) ; Sparing.]
To hold as scarce or valuable ; to use frugally ;
to part with reluctantly ; to give up ; to do
without ; to forbear ; to save from danger or
punishment. — v. i. To be frugal or parsimoni-
ous ; to forbear ; to use mercy ; to be tender.

— a. Not abundant ; sparing ; more than is
necessary ; held in reserve, to be used in an
emergency ; lean ; meager ; thin. — Sparely,
adv. — Spare'ness, n . — Spar'ing, a. Spare;
saving ; frugal. — Spar'ing-ly, adv. — Spare'-
rib/ (-rib7), n. The piece from the side of a
hog, containing ribs, with little flesh.

Spark (spark), n. A particle of fire; a transient

English Sparrow.

light ; a germ ; a gay man ; a lover ; a beau. —
v. i. To play the spark or lover. — Spark'ish,
a. Like a spark ; airy ; showy ; fine.

Spar'kle (spar'k'l), n. A little spark ; a scintil-
lation. — v. i. & t. [Sparkled (-k'ld) ; Spar-
kling (-kling).] To emit (sparks) ; to flash ; to
shine; to coruscate. — Spar'kler, n. — Spar'-
kling (spar'klTng), a. Glittering ; brilliant ;
shining.

Spar'row (spar'ro), n. Oue of several species
of small birds,
feeding on in-
sects and seeds.
-Spar'row
hawk'. A
small, short-
winged hawk.

Spar'ry (spar'ry),
a. Resembling ,
or consisting of
spar.

Sparse (spars), a.
Thinly scat-
tered ; set here and there. — Sparse'ly, adv. —
Sparse'ness, n.

; Spar'sim (spar'stm), adv. [L.] Sparsely.

Spar'tan (spar'tan), a. Pertaining to Sparta;
hardy ; undaunted ; austere. — n. A native of
Sparta ; a person of courage and fortitude.

Spasm (spSz'm), n. An involuntary contraction
of muscles ; cramp ; a violent and temporary
effort or emotion. — Spas-mod'iC (spaz-m5d'-
Yk), Spas-mod'ic-al (-I-kal), a. Relating to, or
consisting in, spasm ; soon relaxed or exhausted ;
convulsive. — Spas-mod'ic, n. A medicine for
removing spasm ; an antispasmodic. — Spas-
mod'ic-al-ly, adv.

Spat, imp. of Spit. [Obs.~]

Spat (sp5t), n. A young oyster or other shellfish.
— v. i. & t. To emit (spawn).

Spat (spSt), n. A slight blow ; a little quarrel ; a
tiff. — v. i. To dispute. — V. t. To slap.

Spat'ter (spSt'ter), v. t. [Spattered (-terd) ;
Spattering.] To sprinkle with a liquid or with
mud. — v. i. To sputter.

Spat'u-la (spat'u-la), n. A broad knife, for
spreading plasters, paint, etc.

Spav'in (spav'In), n. A swelling in or near a
horse's hock joint, causing lameness. — Spav'-
ined (-Tnd), a. Affected with spavin.

Spawn (span), v. t. [Spawned (spand) ; Spawn-
ing.] To produce or deposit, as fishes do eggs ;
to bring forth. — v. i. To deposit eggs, as fish
or frogs. —». The eggs of fishes, oysters, etc. ;
buds or branches of underground stems.

Spay (spa), v. t. [Spayed (spad) ; Spaying.]
To extirpate the ovaries of (female animals).

Speak (spek), v. i. & t. [imp. Spoke (spok)
TSpake (spak), archaic) ; p.p. Spoken (spo'k'n)
(Spoke (spok), colloq. or R.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Speaking.] To utter (words) ; to talk ; to dis-
course ; to pronounce. — Speak'er, n. One
who speaks, or who pronounces a discourse ;
the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly ;
a chairman. — Speak'er-ship, n. The office of
speaker. — Speak'ing, n. An uttering words ;
discourse; public declamation. — a. Uttering
speech ; expressive ; lifelike.

Spear (sper), n. A long, pointed weapon ; a
lance ; a shoot, as of grass ; a spire. — v. t.
[Speared (sperd) ; Spearing.] To pierce with

fSrn, secent, orb, ryde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin*

SPEAEFISH

408

SPELLING BOOK

a spear. — v. i. To shoot into a long stem, as
some plants. — Spear'fish/ (sper'fish'), n. A

Spearfish.

powerful fish, resembling the swordfish ; the carp
sucker. — Spear'man (-man),n. ; pi. Spearmen
(-men). One armed with a spear. — Speai'-
minf , n. A plant ; a species of mint.

Spe'cial (spesh'al), a. Pertaining to, or consti-
tuting, a species or sort ; different from others ;
extraordinary ; designed for a particular pur-
pose ; appropriate ; specific ; distinctive ; pe-
culiar. — III special. Particularly. — Special
partner. A limited partner, or one with limited
responsibility. —Special pleading. The alle-
gation of special or new matter, instead of de-
nying matter previously alleged on the other
side ; specious argumentation. — Spe'cial-ist,
11. One who devotes himself to a specialty. —
Spe'ci-al'i-ty (-T-aFT-ty), n. A particular or
peculiar case ; a peculiar characteristic ; a spe-
cial occupation or object of attention ; a spe-
cialty. — Spe/Cial-ty (spesh'al-ty), n. ; pi. Spe-
cialties (-tiz). Particularity; a sealed contract
or contract by deed ; a speciality.

Spe/Cie (spe'shT), n. Coined or hard money.

Spe'cies (spe'shez), n. sing. & pi. Sort ; kind ;
variety ; in natural history, a group of things or
beings associated according to their observed
characteristics ; a class subordinate to a genus.
— Specific (spe-slflk), Spe-cif'ic-al (-l-kai),
a. Pertaining to, or constituting, a species;
definite ; limited ; precise. — n. A remedy hav-
ing a peculiar influence over a part of the
body; a remedy supposed to be infallible. —
Spe-cif'ic-al-ly, adv. — Spe-cii'ic-al-ness, n.

Spec'i-fi-ca'tion (speVT-fT-ka'shiin), n. A speci-
fying, or determining, by a mark or limit ; par-
ticular mention ; a minute description of partic-
ulars ; an article or thing specified.

Spec'i-fy (spes'T-fi), v. t. [Specified (-fid);
Specifying.] To mention or name (a particular
tiling) ; to designate.

Spec'i-men (spes'T-men), n. A part of anything,
or number of things, showing the kind and
quality of the whole ; a sample ; a pattern.

Spe'cious (spe'shus), a. Obvious ; apparently
i right ; appearing well at first view ; plausible.
\ — Spe'cious-ly, adv. — Spe'cious-ness, n.

Speck (spSk), n. A small place discolored by
foreign matter, or a color different from the
main substance ; a spot ; stain ; flaw ; blemish ;
a very small thing. — 1>. /. [Specked (spSkt) ;
Specking.] To stain in drops ; to spot.

Spec'kle (spgk'k'l), n. A little spot ; a speck. —
v. t. [Speckled (-k'ld) ; Speckling (-klTng).]
To mark or variegate with spots.

Spec'ta-Cle (spgk'ta-k'l), n. Something exhib-
ited to view ; an unusual or noteworthy sight ;
pi. an optical instrument to assist vision. —
Spec'ta-Cled (-k'ld), a. Wearing spectacles. —
Spec-tac'U-lar (-tSk'u-ler), a. Pertaining to
shows or to spectacles ; showy ; scenic.

Spec-ta'tor (spek-ta'ter), n. One who sees or is
present at any exhibition ; a beholder; an ob-

server ; a witness. — Spec-ta'tress (-tres), Spec-
ta'trix (-triks), n. A female looker-on.

Spec'ter (spek'ter), Spec'tre, n. An apparition ;
a ghost. — Spec'tral (-tral), a. Pertaining to a
specter ; ghostly ; pertaining to a spectrum.

Spec'tTO-SCOpe (spek'tro-skop), n. An optical
instrument for determining the composition of
bodies by passing through prisms the rays of
light which they emit.

Spec'trum (spek'trihn), n. ; pi. Spectra (-tra).
Rays of light separated by the refraction of a
prism or other means; a luminous image left
on the eye after exposure to intense light.

Spec'U-lar (spek'u-ler), a. Like or done by
means of a speculum or mirror ; having a
smooth reflecting surface. — Specular iron. A
crystalline iron ore of brilliant metallic luster.

Spec'U-late (spek'u-lat), v. i. To consider an ob-
ject in its different aspects and relations ; to
meditate ; to buy in expectation of a rise in
value, and a consequent sale at a profit. —
Spec'u-la'tor (-la'ter), n. — Spec ' u: la ' tion
(-la'shun), n. A speculating ; a contemplation ;
a buying of land, goods, etc., in expectation of
selling them at an advance; opinions reached
by speculating ; mere theory ; conjecture. —
Spec'U-la-tist (spek'ii-la-tTst), n. A specula-
tor ; a theorist. — Spec'u-la-tive (-tiv), a.
Given to, concerning, involving, or formed by,
speculation ; ideal ; theoretical. — Spec'U-la-
tive-ly, adv. — Spec'U-la-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Ex-
ercising speculation ; speculative ; adapted for
viewing or espying.

SpecrU-lum (spek'fi-lum), n. ; pi. Specula (-la).
[L.] A mirror ; a reflector of polished metal,
esp. for a reflecting telescope ; a surgeon's in-
strument for dilating passages of the body, and
throwing light within them ; a patch of bright
color on a bird's wing.

Sped, imp. & p. p. of Speed.

Speech (spech), n. Power of speaking ; what is
spoken ; a particular language ; a tongue ; a di-
alect ; a formal discourse in public ; harangue ;
address ; oration. — Speech'less, a. Destitute
of the faculty of speech ; dumb ; mute ; silent.

Speed (sped), n. Haste ; celerity ; quickness ;
dispatch ; expedition ; hurry. — v. I. & i.
[Sped (spgd) or Speeded ; Speeding.] To dis-
patch ; to hasten ; to accelerate ; to hurry. —
Speed'er, n. — Speed'y (-y), a. [Speedier
(-T-er) ; Speediest.] Not dilatory or slow ;
nimble. — Speed'i-ly, adv. — Speed'i-ness, n.

Speiss (spis), n. Copper-nickel.

Spell (spll), v. t. [Spelled (spSld) ; Spelling.]
To supply the place of; to relieve; to help. —
n. Relief of one person by another in working,
watching, etc. ; gratuitous assistance of anoth-
er's work [ U. £.] ; a brief period.

Spell (spSl), n. A verse or phrase repeated for
its magical power; a charm, —v. t. [Spelled
(speld) or Spelt (spelt); Spelling.] To put
under the influence of a spell ; to charm ; to
tell or name the letters of (a word, etc.) ; to
write or print (words) with the proper letters.
— v. i. To form words with the correct let-
ters. — Spell'bOund' (-bound'), a. Bound by,
or as by, a spell ; rapt. — Spell'er. n. One who
spells ; one skilled in spelling ; a spelling book.
\_U. S.] — Spell'ing, n. Act or method of one
who spells ; orthography. — Spelling book-
A book for teaching children to spell and read.

tt, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, H, y, short ; senate, $vent, idea, obey, tlnite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

SPELT

409

SPINET

Spelt (spelt), imp. & p. p. of Spell.

Spelt (sp§lt), n. A grain cultivated for food in
Germany and Switzerland.

Spel'ter (spel'ter), n. Zinc.

Spen'cer (spen'ser), n. A short jacket for men
or women ; a fore-and-aft sail, with a gaff and
no boom.

Spend (spend), v. t. [Spent (spent) ; Spending.]
To weigh or lay out ; to dispose of ; to con-
sume ; to waste ; to pass (time) ; to exhaust of
force or strength. — v. i. To waste ; to disap-
pear. — Spend'er, ». — Spend'thrift' (spend'-
thrift'), n. A prodigal.

Sperm (sperm), n. Animal seed ; spawn of fishes
or frogs.

Sperm (sperm), n. Spermaceti. — Sperm oil.
A fatty oil yielded by the sperm whale. — Sperm
Whale. A very large whale, found in the
warmer parts of all oceans ; the cachalot.

Sperm Whale.

Sper ma-ce'ti (sper'ma-se'ti), n. A white waxy
substance from the head of the sperm whale,
used in making candles, ointments, etc.

Sper-mat'ic (sper-mat'Ik), Sper-mat'ic-al (-T-
kal), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, semen ;
seminal.

Spew (spu), v. t. & i. [Spewed (spud) ; Spew-
ing.] To eject from the stomach ; to vomit.

Sphe'noid (sfe'noid), Sphe-noid'al (-noid'al), a.
Resembling a wedge.

Sphere (sfer), n. A globe ; a body whose surface
has every part equally distant from a point
within, called its center ; an orb or star ; rank ;
order of society ; province ; employment. —
v. t. [Sphered (sferd) ; Sphering.] To place
in a sphere ; to make round. — Spher'ic (sfer'-
Ik), Spher'ic-al (-I-kal), a. Having the form
of a sphere ; globular ; pertaining to a sphere
or to the heavenly orbs. — Spher'ic-al-ly, adv.
— Spher'ic-al-ness, Sphe-ric'i-ty (sf e-rls'I-ty),
n. — Spherics (sfer'Iks), n. The science of the
properties of circles, figures, and magnitudes
produced by planes intersecting a sphere. —
Sphe'roid (sfe'roid), n. A body nearly spher-
ical ; a solid generated by a revolving ellipse. —
Sphe-roid'al (sfe-roid'«l), Sphe-roid'ic (-Ik),
Sphe-roid'ic-al (-T-kil), a. Having the form
of a spheroid. — Spher'nle (sfgr'ul or -ul), n. A
little sphere.

Sphinx (sfinks), n. A fabulous monster repre-
sented as a winged lion,
with the face and breast
of a young woman. It
put to death all who
were unable to solve the
riddles which it pro-
pounded.

Spice (apis), v. A fragrant
or aromati e vegetable

Spider, with its Eggs.

Grecian Sphinx.

production ; anything which enriches the qual-
ity of a thing ; a small quantity. — v. t. [Spiced
(spist) ; Spicing (spi'slng).] To season with
spice, or impregnate with odor of spices. —
Spi'cer (spl'ser), n. One who seasons with
spice, or who deals in spice. — Spi'cer-y (-y), n.
Spices in general ; a repository of spices. —
Spi'cy (-sy), a. [Spicier (-si-er) ; Spiciest.}
Flavored with, or containing, spice ; fragrant ;
pungent ; sharp ; smart ; racy. — Spi'ci-ly,
adv. — Spi'ci-ness, n.

Spic'U-lar (spik'u-ler), a. Resembling a dart;
sharp. — SpiC'U-late (-lat), v. t. To sharpen to
a point.

Spi'cy, a. See under Spice, n.

Spi'der (spi'der), n. An animal, resembling an
insect, which spins
webs for taking its
prey ; a frying pan.

Spie'gel-ei'sen (sper-
gel-i'sen), n., Spie/-
gel i'ron ( I'um ).
White cast iron, con-
taining much carbon,
used in making Bessemer steel.

Spig'ot (spig'ut), n. A peg to stop a faucet or a

i hole in a cask.

Spike (spik), n. A large nail ; an ear of corn or
grain ; a flower cluster. — v. t. [Spdxed
(spikt) ; Spdxtng.] To fasten or set
with spikes ; to stop the vent of (a gun,
etc.) with a spike. — Spiked (spikt), a.
Furnished, fastened, or stopped with
spikes. — Spike'let (-let), n. A small
spike making a part of a large one. —
Spik'y (-y), a. Having sharp points ;
armed with spikes.

Spike'nard (spik'nard; colloq. spik'nerd),
n. An aromatic plant, yielding a fra-
grant essential oil.

Spile (spil), n. A small peg or pin, to
stop a hole ; a pile.

Spill (spil), n. A slender piece ; a peg ; a pin ; a
metallic rod ; a wisp of paper.

Spill (spil), v. t. [Spilled (spild) or Spilt
(spilt); SprLLiNG.] To suffer to fall or run
out ; to lose ; to shed. — v. i. To be shed, lost,
or wasted.

Spin (spin), v. t. & i. [Spun (spun) ; Spinning.]
To draw out and twist into threads ; to extend
to a great length ; to protract ; to whirl ; to
twirl. — Spin'ner, n.

Spin'ach (spln'aj), Spin'age, n. A pot herb
used for greens.

Spi'nal (spi'nal), a. Pertaining to the spine or
backbone ; vertebral.

Spin'dle (spinM'l), n. A pin holding thread i:
spinning machines; a rod on which anything
turns ; a stalk. — v. ■>'. [Spindled (-d'ld) ;
Spindling (-dlTng).] To shoot in a loner, slen-
der stalk or body. — Spin'dle-legged' (-legd'
or -lgg'ggd), Spin'dle-shanked' (-BhSnkf ), a.
Having long, slender legs. — Spin'dle-shanks'
(-shSnks7), n. A tall, slender person.

Spine (spin), n. A sharp appendage or process;
a thorn ; the backbone or spinal column of an
animal. — Spi'noilS (spl'nus), Spin'y (spln'y),
a. Full of spines ; thorny ; difficult ; trouble-
some. — Spi-nos'i-ty (spt-n5s'T-t£). n.

Spin'et (spTn'gt or spT-nSt/), n. An obsolete mu-
sical instrument, superseded by the pianoforte.

Spike.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SPINNING

410

SPLENETIC

Spinning Wheel.

Spin'nlng (spTn'mng), a. & to. from Spin. —
Spinning jenny. A machine for spinning
wool or cotton. — Spinning Wheel. A ma-
chine for spinning yarn
or thread, in which a
wheel drives a single
spindle.

Spin'ny ( spTn'ny ), pi.
Spinnies (-niz), Spin'-
ney, to. A small thick-
et with undergrowth ;
a copse.

Spi-nos'i-ty, Spi'nons,
Spin'y. See under
Spine.

Spin'Ster (spin'ster), to.

A woman who spins ; an unmarried woman.

Spir'a-Cle (splr'a-k'l or spl'ra-k'l), to. A nostril ;
a minute breathing hole in insects, fish, etc.

Spi'ral (spi'ral), a. Winding round a cylinder or
in a circular form, or like a screw. — to. A
curve of spiral form. — Spi'ral-ly, adv.

Spire (spir), to. A winding like threads of a
screw ; a curl ; a twist ; a taper-
ing body that shoots up to a
point ; a steeple ; a stalk or blade
of grass, etc. — v. i. [Spiked
(spird) ; Spiring.] To shoot up
in conical form ; to sprout.

Spirit (spir'It), to. Air set in mo-
tion by breathing ; breath ; life ;
the immaterial part of man ; the
soul; a supernatural apparition;
a ghost ; a sprite ; a manifesta-
tion of life or energy ; pi. anima-
tion ; cheerfulness ; liquor pro-
duced by distillation ; alcohol ;
rum, whisky, and other distilled
alcoholic liquors; real meaning.
— 1>. t. [Spirited; Spiriting.] Spire,
To animate with vigor ; to en-
courage ; to convey rapidly and secretly ; to kid-
nap. — Spir'it-ed, a. Animated ; full of life ;
vivacious ; ardent ; bold ; courageous. — Spir'-
it-ed-ly, adv. — Spir'it-ed-ness, «. — Animal
spirits. Physical health and energy ; sportive-
ness. — Ardent spirits. Strong alcoholic liq-
uor. — Holy Spirit, or The Spirit. The third
person of the Trinity ; the Holy Ghost. — Spirit
level. An instrument indicating a level or hor-
izontal position by a bubble left in a glass tube
otherwise filled with spirit. — Spirit of Wine.
Pure alcohol. — Spir'it-ism ( -Tz'm ), «. Be-
lief of the spiritists. — Spir'it-ist, to. A be-
liever in direct intercourse with departed spirits
through persons called mediums ; a spiritualist.
— n. Pertaining to spiritists or spiritism. —
Spir'it-less. a. Destitute of spirits ; wanting
animation, life, courage, or fire. — Spir'it-lesS-
ly, adv. — Spir'it-less-ness, to. — Spir'it-ons
(-us), a. Like spirit ; refined ; pure. — Spir'it-
n-al (-u-tfl), a. Consisting of spirit; incorpo-
real ; mental ; intellectual ; pure ; holy ; divine ;
ecclesiastical. — Spir'it-n-al-ly, adv. — Spir'it-
n-al-ism (-Tz'm), n. State of being spiritual;
doctrine that all which exists is spirit or soul ;
belief in communication from disembodied spir-
its, esp. through a person called a medium. —
Spir'it-U-al-ist, n. One who believes in spirit-
ualism. — Spir'lt-u-al'1-ty (-u-HT-tf), to. State
of being spiritual ; property of the church, an

ecclesiastic, or religion ; the clergy collectively.
— Spir'it-n-al-ize (-u-al-iz), v. t. [Spiritual-
ized (-Izd) ; Spiritualizing.] To refine ; to
imbue with spirituality or life. — [Spi'ri'tn/-
elle7 (spe're'tu'gl'), a. [F.] Like a spirit;
pure ; refined. — Spir'it-n-ons (-u-fis), a. Hav-
ing the quality of spirit ; active ; pure ; con-
taining refined spirit ; ardent.

Spirt, v . & to. See Spurt.

Spir'y (splr'y), a. Of a spiral or pyramidical
form ; abounding with spires.

Spit (spit), n. A pointed prong or bar to hold
meat while cooking; a point of land running
into the sea. — v. t. [Spitted ; Spitting.] To
thrust a spit through ; to transfix ; to pierce.

Spit (spit), v. t. [Spit (Spat (spat), obs.) ; Spit-
ting.] To eject from the mouth ; to throw out
violently. — r. i. To throw out saliva from the
mouth. -- to. Saliva ; spittle. — Spit'ter, to.

Spite (spit), to. Hatred ; malice ; malignity ;
grudge. — v. t. To be angry at ; to thwart ; to
injure. — In spite of. In opposition to all
efforts of ; in defiance of ; notwithstanding. —
Spite ' fnl, a. Full of spite ; malignant. —
Spite'ful-ly, adv. — Spite'fnl-ness, to.

Spit'fire' (spit'fir/), to. A violent or passionate
person. [Colloq.~\

Spit'tle (splt't'l), to. The thick matter secreted
by_the salivary glands; saliva. — Spit-toon'
(-toon'), to. A vessel to receive spittle.

Spitz' dog' (spits' d5g'). A dog having erect
ears and long silky hair, usually white ; a Pom-
eranian dog.

Spitz Dog.

Spitz'en-DUTgh (spTts'en-bfirg), «. A medium-
sized red and yellow apple, of spicy flavor.

Splash (splSsh), v. t. & i. [Splashed (splSsht) ;
Splashing.] To spatter. — to. Dirt thrown
from a puddle, etc. — Splash'y (splash'jf), a.
Full of dirty water ; wet and muddy.

Splay'foot' (spla'fSof), n. A foot having the
sole flattened ; flat foot. — Splay'fOOt', Splay'-
foot'ed (-foot'gd), a. Having a splayfoot.

Spleen (splen), n. A glandular organ, to the left
of the stomach ; the milt ; latent spite ; ill hu-
mor ; melancholy. — Spleen'ish, Spleen'y (-J0,
a Angry ; peevish ; melancholy.

Splen'dent (splSn'dent), a. Shining ; conspicu-
ous; illustrious.

Splen'did (splen'dtd), a. Displaying splendor ; he-
roic ; shining; magnificent; famous. — Splen'-
did-ly, adv. — Splen'did-ness. w.

Splen'dor (splgn'der), «. Great brightness;
brilliancy ; magnificence ; pomp ; parade.

Splen'e-tiC (splen'e-tTk or sple-ngt'Tk), a. Af-
fected with spleen ; morose ; sullen ; peevish ;
fretful, —to. One affected with spleen.

a, 5, 1, 5, fl, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, ft, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, &bey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

SPLICE

411

SPOUT

Splice (splis), v. t. [Spliced (splist) : Splicing
(spll'sing).] To unite (two
ropes or parts of a rope) by
interweaving the strands ;
to unite (spars, timbers,
etc.) by lapping, binding,
or in any way making fast.

— n. Union of ropes by in-
terweaving, or of wood or
metal by overlapping parts ;
a scarfing. «

Splint (splint), n. A piece £ g . . ,
split off ; a splinter ; a strip a ^ye g^ce.
of wood, or other substance,
protecting a broken bone when set. — v. t. To
fasten or confine with splints. — Splint bone.
One of the bones on either side of the cannon
bone in the legs of horses and like animals.

Splin'ter (splln'ter), v. t. & i. [Splintered
(-terd); Splintering.] To split into long thin
pieces ; to shiver. — n. A thin piece of wood,
etc., rent from the main body.

Split (split), v. t. & i. [Split (Splitted (-ted),
R.); Splitting.] To divide lengthwise; to
cleave ; to burst ; to separate into parts or par-
ties. — n. A crack ; a rent ; a breach.

Splurge (splQrj), n. A blustering demonstration,
or great effort. — v. i. To make a great dis-
play, esp. in oratory.

Splut'ter (splut'ter), n. A bustle ; a stir. [Low]

— v. i. [Spluttered (-terd); Spluttering.]
To speak hastily and confusedly.

Spoil (spoil), v. t. [Spoiled (spoild) or Spoilt
(spoilt); Spoiling.] To strip by violence; to
rob ; to mar ; to ruin ; to destroy. — v. i. To
decay. — n. Plunder ; pillage ; booty ; robbery.

— Spoil'er, n. — Spoils'man (spoilz'inan), n.
One who serves a cause for a share of the spoils ;
a politician who treats public offices as rewards
for partisan services. — Spoils'mon'ger (-mun/-
ger), n. One who uses the emoluments of pub-
lic offices as the price for party services.

Spoke, imp. of Speak.

Spoke (spok), n. A ray of a wheel, or round of
a ladder, — v. t. [Spoked (spokt); Spoking.]
To furnish with spokes.

Spok'en, p. p. of Speak.

Spoke'shave7 (spok'shaV), n. A drawing knife
for dressing spokes of wheels and other curved
work.

Spokes'man (spoks'man), n.; pi. Spokesmen
(-men). One who speaks for others.

Spo'li-ate (spo'lT-at), v. t. & i. To plunder. —
Spo'li-a'tor (-a'ter), ra.— Spo'li-a'tlon (-a'shfin),
n. A plundering ; robbery ; destruction.

Spon'dee (spon'de), n. A poetic foot of two long
syllables. — Spon-da'ic (sp5n-da'Tk), Spon-da'-
ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, or consisting
of, spondees.

Spon'dyl (spon'dTi), Spon'dyle, n. A joint of
the spine ; a vertebra.

Sponge (spunj), n. A marine animal growth, and
its fibrous framework or skeleton, found adher-
ing to rocks, shells, etc., which imbibes and
holds water till it is forced out by compression ;
one who lives upon others; any spongelike
substance, as dough before it is kneaded, iron
from the puddling furnace, etc. ; an instrument
for cleaning cannon after a discharge. — v. t.
[Sponged (spunjd) ; Sponging.] To cleanse or
wipe out with a sponge. — v. i. To suck in or

imbibe ; to gain by mean arts or hanging on j
to be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy
mass by the agency of yeast or leaven. — Spon'-
ger (spfin'jer), n. — Spon'gy (-jy), a. Soft and
full of cavities; drenched; soaked and soft,
like sponge. — Spon'gi-ness, n.

Spon'sal (spon'sal), a. Kelating to marriage, 01
to a spouse.

Spon'sion (spon'shun), n. A becoming suretj
for another. — Spon'sor (sp5n'ser), n. A sure-
ty ; a godfather or godmother.

Spon-ta'ne-OUS (spon-ta'ne-us), a. Voluntary;
uncompelled ; willing. — Spon-ta'ne-OUS-ly,

adv. — Spon-ta'ne-ous-ness, Spon'ta-ne'i-ty

(spSn'ta-ne'i-ty), n.
Spool (spool), n. A cylinder_to wind thread

upon. — v. t. [Spooled (spoold) ; Spooling.]

To wind jui spools ; to reel.
Spoon (spoon), n. A small basin with a handle,

used in preparing or partaking of food. —

Spoon'biLV (spoon'bTF), n. A wading bird, like

the heron, having

a long bill expand-
ed and flattened at

the tip. — Spoon'-

fttl (-ful), n. ; pi.

Spoonfuls (-fulz).

As much as a

spoon contains ; a

small quantity.
Spoor ( spoor ), n.

The trail of a wild

animal.

Spo-rad'ic (spo-
rad'Ik), Spo-rad'-
iC-al (-T-kal), a.
Occurring singly,
or here and there ;
separate; single. — Spo-rad'lc-al-ly, adv.

Spore (spor), n. A reproductive grain in a flow-
erless plant.

Sport (sport), n. That which diverts and makes
mirth ; diversion of the field, as fowling, hunt-
ing, fishing, etc. ; frolic ; mock ; jeer. — v. t.
To divert ; to exhibit or bring out in public.
\_Colloq.]—v. i. To play; to practice diver-
sions of the field. — Sport'er, n. — Sport'ful
(-ful), a. Full of sport ; merry ; done in jest.

— Sport'lve (-Tv), a. Frolicsome ; playful. —
Sport'ive-ly, <uh\ — Sport' ive-ness, n. —
Sports'man (sports'man), n. ; pi. Sportsmen
(-men). One skilled in field sports; one who
hunts, fishes, etc. — Sports'man-ship, n. Skill
in field sports.

Spot (spot), n. A mark made by foreign matter ;
a stain ; a particular place ; a locality. — v. t.
[Spotted; Spotting.] To mark; to blot ; to
stain ; to disgrace. — Spot'less, a. Without a
spot ; free from reproach or impurity ; unblem-
ished ; pure ; irreproachable. — SpOt'less-ly,
adv. — Spotaess-ness, n. — Spot'ty (-ty), a.
Full of spots ; marked with discolored places.

Spouse (spouz), n. One engaged or joined in
wedlock ; a married person, husband or wife.

— Spous'al (spouz'al), a. Pertaining to a
spouse, or to a marriage ; conjugal ; bridal. — n.
Marriage ; nuptials. — Spouse'lOSS, a. Desti-
tute of a spouse ; unmarried.

Spout (spout), n. A pipe for conducting a fluid ;
a projecting mouth of a vessel. — v. t. & i. To
pour from a spout ; to speak pompously.

Spoonbill.

fgrn, recent, orb, r^jde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SPRAIN

412

SPURT

Sprain (spran), v. t. To weaken (a joint or mus-
cle) by sudden and excessive exertion ; to over-
strain. — n. An excessive strain of muscles or
ligaments, without dislocation.

Sprang, imp. of Spring, v . i. & t.

Sprat (sprat), n. A small fish, allied to the her-
ring.

Sprawl ( spral ), v. i. To lie with the limbs
stretched out or struggling; to spread irregu-
larly.

Spray (spra), n. A small shoot or branch ; a
twig.

Spray (spra), n. Water driven in small drops by
the wind, dashing of waves, etc. ; a jet of va-
por. — v. I. To throw spray upon.

Spread (spred), v. t. & i. [Spread ; Spreading.]
To extend ; to reach ; to diffuse ; to scatter ; to
propagate. — n. Extent ; compass ; expansion ;
a banquet. — Spread'er, n. — Spread'ing-ly,
adv. Increasingly.

Sprig (sprig), n. A small shoot or twig ; a
youth ; a lad ; a brad, or nail without a head. —
v. t. [ Sprigged ( sprigd ) ; Sprigging. ] To
mark with representation of branches. — Sprig'-
gy (-gy)i a- Full of small branches.

Spright (sprit), ric A spirit ; a shade ; a soul ;
an apparition. — Spright'less, adv. Destitute
of life ; dull. — Spright'ly (-ly), «• Spiritlike ;
lively ; brisk ; airy ; gay. — Spright'li-ness, n.

Spring (spring), v. i. [imp. Sprang (sprang) or
Sprung (sprung) ; p. p. Sprung ; p. pr. Spring-
ing.] To leap; to bound; to issue forcibly;
to start or rise ; to begin ; to proceed. — v. L
To start or rouse ; to produce or propose on a
sudden ; to explode ; to burst ; to crack or split ;
to bend or strain. — n. A leap ; a bound ; a
jump ; a flying back ; elas-
tic power ; an elastic body,
as a steel rod or coil or
strip of India rubber, used
for such mechanical pur-
poses as imparting power,
diminishing shock, meas-
uring weight, etc.; a
source of supply; esp., the
source from which a
stream proceeds ; a cause;
origin ; the season of the
year when plants begin to
rise (March, April, and
May). — Spring tide. A a Spiral Spring ; b Coil
high tide at, or soon after, Spring;^ Elliptic

Springs.

the new and full moon. —

Spring ; d Half-ellip-
tic Spring.

Spring wheat. Wheat

sown in the spring, as distinguished from winter
wheat, sown in autumn. — Spring'er, n. —
Spring'halt/ (-half), n. A lameness causing
horses to twitch" up the legs. — Spring'head'
(-h5(P), n. A fountain or source. — Spring'y
(->'),"■ [Springier (-T-er) ; Springiest.] Like
a spring ; elastic ; wet. — Spring'i-ness, n.

Spring'bok' (sprTng'bok'), Spring'buck' (-bttk'),
n. A swift and agile South African gazelle.

Springe (sprinj), n. A noose which closes with a
Bpring. and catches birds, animals, etc.

Sprin/kle (sprfn'k'l), v. t. & i. [Sprinkled (-k'ld):
Ki'kinkmnc] To scatter or fall in small drops
or particles, as water, seed, etc. — ». A small
quantity scattered; utensil for sprinkling. —
Sprin'kler, v. — Sprin'kling, n. A scattering

in .small drops ; a small number or quantity.

Sprint (sprint), v. i. To run very rapidly— n.
A short run at high speed. — Sprint'er, n.

Sprit (sprit), n. A pole or spar, to extend and
elevate a boat's sail.

Sprite (sprit), n. A spirit ; an apparition.

Sprit'sail (sprTt/sal ; among seamen sprit's'l), n.
A sail extended by a sprit.

Sprout (sprout), v. i. To shoot, as a plant ; to
germinate. — v. t. To cause to sprout ; to de-
prive of sprouts. — n. The shoot of a plant.

Spruce (sprus), a. Neat, without elegance ;

. finical ; trim. — v. t. & i. [Spruced (sprust) ;

Sprucing.] To dress with affected neatness;

to prink. — Spruce'ly, adv. — Spruce'ness, n.

Spruce (sprus), n. A cone-bearing, evergreen
tree. — Spruce beer. A
kind of beer tinctured or
flavored with spruce.

Sprung, imp. & p. p. of
Spring, v. i. & I.

Spry (~.prl), a. [Sprier;
Spriest.] Having great
power of leaping or run-
ning ; nimble ; active.

Spud (spud), n. An imple-
ment for destroying weeds.

Spume (spurn), n. Froth ;
foam; Bcum.-r. i.
[Spumed (spumd) ; Spum-
ing.] To froth; to foam. No™&?
— Spum/ous (-us), Spum'y (-y), a. Consisting
of froth or scum ; foamy.

Spun, imp. & p. p. of Spin.

Spunge, n. See Sponge.

Spunk (spunk), n. Wood that readily takes fire ;
touchwood ; punk ; an inflammable temper ;
spirit ; pluck. — Spunkry (spunk'y), a. [Spunk-
ier ; Spunkiest.] Full of spunk ; spirited.

Spur (spfir), n. A pricking instrument on a
horseman's heels, to prick and stimulate a horse ;
incitement ; instigation ; a snag ; a projecting
spine on a cock's leg, or from a stem or flower,
etc. ; a lateral projection from a mountain. —
v. t. [Spurred (spfird) ; Spurring.] To prick
with spurs ; to incite ; to impel ; to drive. —
v. i. To hasten. — Spur'gall' (spfir'gal'), v. t.
To gall or wound (a horse) with a spur. — Spur
gear, Spur wheel. A cogwheel having teeth
projecting radially and paral-
lel to the axis.

Spurge (spfirj), n. A plant
having an acrid, milky juice.

Spu'ri-OUS (spu'rT-us), a. Not
proceeding from the true
source ; not genuine ; coun-
terfeit ; bastard. — Spu'ri-
ous-ly, adv. — Spu'ri-ous-
ness, n.

Spurn (spQrn), v. t. [Spurned
( spftrnd ) ; Spurning.] To
kick ; to reject with disdain ; to treat with con-
tempt.— v. Disdainful rejection.

Spurred (spQrd), a. Wearing or having spurs.

Spur'ri-er ( spfir'rT-er ), n. One who makes
spurs.

Spurt (spfrrt), n. A short occasion or exigency ;
a sudden effort, —r. t. To make a sudden and
violent exertion. [fV/07.]

Spurt (spOrt), v. i. To gush or issue out in a
stream, as liquor from a cask. — v. t. To eject
in a stream. — n. A violent gushing; a jet.

Spur Wheel.

5, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SPUTTER

413

STABLE

Sput'ter (sput'ter), v. i. [Sputtered (-terd) ;
Sputtering.] To spit, as in rapid speaking ; to
utter words hastily and indistinctly. — n. Moist
matter thrown out in small particles.

Spy (spi), v. t. &i. [Spied (spid) ; Spying.] To
discover ; to see ; to discover by close search ;
to explore, — n.; pi. Spies (splz). One who
watches the conduct of others ; one sent into
an enemy's camp to learn their condition or
plans ; a scout ; an emissary. — Spy'-glass'
(-glas'), n. A small telescope.

Squab (skwob), a. Fat ; plump ; bulky ; un-
fledged ; unf eathered. — n. A young pigeon or
dove ; a person having a short, fat figure.

Squab'ble (skwok/b'l), v. t. [Squabbled (-b'ld) ;
Squabbling (-bling).] To contend for superior-
ity ; to debate peevishly ; to wrangle ; to quar-
rel. — v. t. To disarrange (type in printing). —
n. A scuffle ; a brawl ; a petty quarrel.

Squad (skwod), n. A small party of soldiers as-
sembled for drill, inspection, etc.

Squad'ron (skwod'run), n. A body of cavalry
comprising two companies or troops ; a number
of vessels commanded by the senior officer.

Squal'id (skwol'Td), a. Dirty through neglect ;
foul ; filthy. — Squal'id-ly, adv. — Squal'id-
ness. Squa-lid'i-ty (skwa-iTd'T-ty), n.

Squall (skwal), n. A loud scream ; a harsh cry ;
a violent gust of wind, often with rain or snow.
— v. i. [ Squalled ( skwald ) ;
Squalling.] To scream or cry vio-
lently. — Squall'er, n. — Squall'y
(->*), a. Abounding with squalls.

Squa'lor (skwa'lor), n. Foulness ;
tilthiness ; squalidness.

Squa-mose' ( skwa-mos' or skwa'-
mos'), Squa'mous (skwa'inuV), a.
Covered with, or consisting of,
scales ; scaly.

Squan'der (skwon'der), v. t. [Squan-
dered (-derd) ; Squandering.] To
spend lavishly or prodigally; to
waste ; to dissipate. — Squan'der-
er, n.

Square (skwar), n. A figure having four equal
sides and four right angles ; an open
space in a town ; a rectangular
block of buildings ; a mechanic's
instrument for forming right an-
gles ; the product of a number
multiplied by itself. — a. Of
the figure of a square ; right-

Square.

angled; true; just; fair; even. — v. t
[Squared ; Squaring.] To form with four
equal sides and four right angles ; to reduce
to a square, or to a given measure or stan-
dard ; to adjust ; to fit ; to make even, so
as to leave no difference ; to multiply by
itself. — v. i. To agree exactly ; to suit ;
to fit. — Square'ly, adv.— Squareness, a.
— Square'-rigged' (-rTgd'), .^...'d

a. Having the chief sails ex- HWW'-maffl
tended by yards, suspended Carpenter's Square
by the middle, and not by
stays, gaffs, booms, or other fore-and-aft rigging.

Squash (skw5sh), v. t. To beat or press into
pulp or a flat mass ; to crush. — n. Something
soft and easily crushed ; a sudden fall of a soft
body. — Squash'y (-y), a. Soft; muddy.

Squash (skwSsh), n. A plant and its fruit, of the
gourd kind.

Squat (skwot), v. i. [Squatted ; Squatting.]
To sit upon the hams or heels ; to cower or lie
close to escape observation; to settle on an-
other's land without title. — a. Sitting on the
hams or heels ; cowering ; short and thick ;
chunky. — n. The posture of one that squats.

— Squat'ter, n.

Squaw (skwa), n. An Indian woman.

Squawk (skwak), v. i. [Squawked (skwakt) ;
Squawking.] To utter a shrill, abrupt scream.
— 11. A harsh squeal ; a species of heron.

Squeak (skwek), v. i. [Squeaked (skwekt);
Squeaking.] To utter a sharp, shrill cry, usu-
ally short ; to make a sharp noise, as a pipe, a
quill, a wheel, a door, etc. — ra. A sharp, shrill,
sudden sound. — Squeak'er. n.

Squeal (skwel), v. i. To cry with a shrill, pro-
longed sound, in want, displeasure, pain, etc. ; to
inform, or confess complicity in crime [Slang~\.

— n. A shrill, prolonged cry.
Squeam/ish (skwem'Ish), a. Having a stomach

easily turned or nauseated; nice to excess;
fastidious ; dainty ; scrupulous. — Squeamish-
ly, adv. — Squeam'ish-ness, ».

Squeeze (skwez), v. t. & i. [Squeezed (skwezd) ;
Squeezing.] To press closely; to pinch; to
crowd. — n. A squeezing ; compression ; a hug ;
an impression taken on some pulpy substance
from an inscription.

Squelch (skwelch), v. t. To crush ; to put down.

— n. A heavy fall ; a crushing reply. \_Colloq.~\
Squib (skwTb), n. A little firework or cracker ;

a sarcastic speech ; a lampoon.

Squid (skwid), n. The cuttlefish; a fishhook,
weighted, that it may be thrown to a distance.

Squill (skwtl), n. A lilylike plant, having emetic
properties ; a crustaceous sea animal, the sea-
onion ; an insect, the mantis.

Squint (skwint), a. Looking obliquely, askant,
or with suspicion. — v. i. To see obliquely ; to
have the axes of the eyes not coincident : to
slope. — w. A squinting; want of coincidence
of the axes of the eyes. — Squint'-eye7 (-i'), n.
An eye that squints. — Squint'-eyed/ (-id/), a.
Having eyes that squint ; oblique ; indirect ;
malignant ; looking obliquely, or by side glances.

Squire (skwlr), n. An esquire ; a country gentle-
man. — v. t. [Squired (skwird) ; Squiring.]
To attend ; to wait on, as a beau. [Colloq.~]

Squirm (skwenn), v. i. & t. To move like a worm
or eel ; to wriggle ; to climb (a tree, etc. ) by
clinging with hands and feet.

Squir'rel (skwer'rel or skwlr'-), n. A small ro-
dent animal having a
bushy tail, and very
nimble in running on
trees.

Squirt (skwert), r. t. & i.
To eject (water, etc.)
out of a narrow pipe
or orifice, in a stream.

— n. A syringe, or
pipe for ejecting a
stream with force ; a
small stream.—
Squirt'er, n.

Stab (stSb), r. t. & i.

[Stabbed (stSbd) ; Stabbing.] To pierce with
a pointed weapon. — v. A thrust or wound of a
dagger, etc. — Stabler, n.

Stable (sta'b*l), a. Firmly established ; steady in

Fox Squirrel.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

STABLY

414

STAMEN

purpose ; firm in resolution ; not liable to change ;
constant ; strong. — Sta'bly (sta'bly), adv. —
Sta'ble-ness, Sta-bil'i-ty (sta-bTi'i-ty), n.
Sta'ble (sta'b'l), n. A house or building for beasts.

— v. t. & i. [Stabled (sta'b'ld); Stabling
(-bling).] To lodge in a stable. — Sta'bling, n.
A keeping cattle in a stable ; room for keeping
horses and cattle.

Sta'bly, etc. See under Stable, a.

||Stac-ca'tO (stak-ka'to), a. [It.] Disconnected;
distinct ; — a direction to perform notes of a pas-
sage in music in a short, distinct, and pointed
manner.

Stack (stak), n. A pile of hay, grain, etc., also
of poles or wood ; a pile containing 108 cubic
feet of wood ; a cluster of funnels or flues ; the
chimney of a locomotive or steam vessel. — v. t.
[Stacked (stakt) ; Stacking.] To lay (hay,
grain, muskets, etc.) in a stack; to pile.

Stad'dle (stad'd'l), n. A support ; esp., a frame
for a stack of hay or grain ; a small forest tree.

||Sta'di-um (sta'dT-um), n. ; pi. Stadia (-a). A
Greek measure of length, of 606 feet 9 inches
English ; a surveyor's measuring rod.

Staff (staf ), n. ; pi. Staves (stavz or stavz) or
Staffs (stafs, in the sense of a body of offi-
cers). A pole or stick for support or defense, or
to indicate authority, or to display a flag upon ;
the five lines and four spaces on which music is
written ; a certain number of executive officers
attached to an army, a department of govern-
ment, a public institution, etc.

Stag (stag), n. The male red deer ; a hart. —
Stag beetle. A beetle having large branched
mandibles, whose larvae
feed on rotten wood.

Stage (staj), n. A raised
floor or platform ; the the-
ater ; the drama ; a sta-
tion or place of rest on a
highway ; the distance be-
tween two such resting
places; a degree of ad-
vancement or of progress ;
a large vehicle running
for the accommodation of
the public ; a phase or period in the develop-
ment and growth of animals. — Stage'COach'
(-koch/), n. A public traveling carriage. —
Stage/play/ (-pla'), n. A theatrical entertain-
ment. — Sta'ger (sta'jer), n. One who has long
acted on the stage of life ; a horse used in draw-
ing a stage. — Sta'ging (-jing), n. A structure
for supporting workmen, etc., in building; the
managing or journeying in stage coaches.

Stag'ger (stag'ger), v. i. [Staggered (-gerd) ;
Staggering.] To reel in standing or walking ;
to vacillate. — v. t. To make less steady or con-
fident. — n. An unsteady movement, as if one
were about to fall ; pi. a disease like apoplexy,
in which horses fall suddenly, without sense or
motion. — Stag'ger-ing-ly, adv.

Stag'nant (stag'nant), a. Inclined to stagnate ;
impure from want of motion; dull; not brisk.

— Stag'nan-cy (-nom-sy), n. — Stag'nate (-nit),
v. i. To cease to flow ; to be motionless, dull,
or sluggish. — Stag-na'tion (-na'shQn), n. A
being stagnant ; cessation of action ; dullness.

Staid (stad), imp. & p. p. of Stay. — a. Sober ;

grave ; steady ; sedate. — Staid'ly, adv.
Stain (stan), v. t. [Stained (stand) ; Staining.]

Stag Beetle.

To discolor ; to tinge with a different color ; to
dye ; to spot with guilt or infamy ; to blot ; to
sully ; to disgrace ; to taint. — n. A discolora-
tion ; blot ; spot ; taint ; blemish ; color ; shame.
— Stain'er, n. — Stain'less, a. Free from
stain, reproach, or sin ; faultless.

Stair (star), n. A step of a series ascending or
descending to a different level ; pi. a series of
steps. — Stair'case' (-kaV), Stair 'way' (-wa'),
n. A flight of steps.

Stake (stak), n. A sharpened stick ; the timber
to which a martyr was affixed while burning ;
martyrdom ; that which is laid down as a wager ;
a pledge. — v. t. [Staked (stakd) ; Staking.]
To fasten, support, or defend with stakes : to
mark (out) the limits with stakes ; to pledge ;
to wager. — At Stake. In danger ; hazarded ,
pledged.

A pendent cone or

Stalactites.

Sta-lac'tite (sta-lak'tit)
cylinder of carbon-
ate of lime, formed
like an icicle. —
Sta-lac'tic (-tik),
Sta-lac'tic-al (-tT-
k«i), Stal'ac-tit'ic
(stal'ak-tTt'Ik),
Stal'ac-tit'ic-al
(-T-krtl), a. Resem-
bling a stalactite.

Sta - lag ' mite ( sta-

lag'mit), n. A deposit of calcareous matter on
floors of caverns. — Stal'ag-mit'ic (staTag-mTt'-
Tk), Stal'ag-mlt'ic-al (-T-k«l), a. Resembling
stalagmites.

Stale (stal), a. Vapid or tasteless from age
decayed ; trite ; common. — Stale'ness, n.

Stalk (stak), n. The stem of a plant or of a quill
a stately step or walk ; a strut. — v. i. [Stalked
(stakt) ; Stalking.] To walk with proud steps
to walk behind something as a screen, for the
purpose of taking game. — v. t. To approach
under cover or by stealth. — Stalk'er, n. —
Stalk'ing-horse' (-h6rs'), n. A horse, or fig-
ure of a horse, behind which a hunter conceals
himself from the game he seeks to kill ; a pre-
tense ; a pretext.

Stall (stal), n. A stand ; a station ; a place where
a beast is kept and fed ;
a place where merchan-
dise is exposed for sale ;
a bench in the choir
of a church. — v. t.
[Stalled (staid) ;
Stalling.] To put into
a stall or stable ; to
plunge into mire so as
not to be able to pro-
ceed. — Stall' -feed'
( -fed' ), v. t. [Stall-
fed ( - f gd ' ) ; Stall-
feeding.] To feed and
fatten in a stable, or
on dry fodder.

Stal'lion ( stSl'yun ), n.
A horse not castrated.

Stal'wart (stSl'wert or
stal '- ), Stal ' worth
( - werth ), a. Brave ;
bold ; daring; vehe-
ment ; violent.

Sta'men (sta'mgn), n. ; pi. E. Stamens (-mgnz) ;

Stalls in tin' Church of
Suntn Maria Gloriosa dei
Frari, Venice.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, i, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, «vent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

STAMINAL

415

STAKVE

L. Stamina (stam'T-na, in the sense of strength,
endurance, etc.). A thread ; a warp thread ; pi.
the fixed, firm part of a body which gives it
strength and solidity ; endurance ; the fertiliz-
ing organ of flowers. — Staml-nal (stani'I-nal),
Sta-min'e-al (sta - mm ' e - al), Sta-min'e-ous
(-e-us), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, sta-
mens or stamina. — Stam'i-nate (stam'T-nat), a.
Having or producing stamens.

Stam'mer(stain'mer), v. i. [Stammered (-merd) ;
Stammering.] To falter in speaking ; to stut-
ter. — n. Defective utterance ; a stutter.

Stamp (stamp), v. t. [Stamped (stamt) ; Stamp-
ing. ] To strike with the bottom of the foot ;
to impress with a mark ; to imprint ; to coin ; to
form; to crush (ore, etc.) by hammers. — v. i.
To strike the foot forcibly downward, —n. A
stamping; an instrument for making impres-
sions ; an impression ; a thing stamped ; an
official mark upon dutiable goods showing that
duty is paid ; an instrument for cutting (paper,
leather etc.) into various forms; authority;
form; character. — Stamper, n.

Stampede' (stam-ped'), n. A fright seizing cat-
tle, horses, etc., causing them to run wildly;
a sudden flight through panic. — v. t. & i. To
disperse tumultuously in panic.

Stanch (stanch), v. t. & i. [Stanched (stancht) ;
Stanching.] To stop the flowing (of blood,
etc.); to dry up. — a. Strong and tight;
sound ; firm ; constant ; zealous ; hearty ;
steady. — • n. A flood gate. — Stanch'er, n.

Stan'chion (stSn'shun), n. A prop or support ;
a small post.

Stand (stand), v. i. & t. [Stood (stdod) ; Stand-
ing.] To rest in an erect position; to keep
firm ; to stop ; to halt ; to endure ; to continue
in force ; to be a candidate, — n. A stop ; halt;
position taken ; place where persons or things
may rest ; resistance ; obstruction ; hesitation ;
a small table. — Stand'ing, a. Resting ; stag-
nant ; settled ; permanent ; enduring ; fixed ;
erect. — n. A stopping or being erect ; continu-
ance ; position ; reputation ; rank. — Stand'-
polnt' (-point'), n. A fixed point or station; a
point of view ; a basis ; a principle. — Stand'-
Still' (-stTl'), n. A stop.

Stand'ard (stand'erd), n. A flag or colors; a
banner ; anything established as a rule or
measure of quantity, weight, etc. ; a rule or
model ; criterion ; an upright support ; an up-
right in framing. —a. Having a fixed or per-
manent value ; of the established size, weight,
quality, etc,

Stan'hope (staVhop ; colloq. stan'up), n. A
light carriage, without
a top.

Stan'na-ry (stan'na-ry),
Pertaining to tin

mines. — n. A tin
mine or tin works. —
S t a n ' n i c ( -nlk ),
Stan'nous (-nus), a.

Stanhope.

Pertaining to, or containing, tin.

Stan'za (stSn'za), n. ; pi. Stanzas (-zaz). A com-
bination of lines of verse.

Sta'ple (sta'p'l), n. A principal commodity, ele-
ment, or ingredient ; the thread of wool, cotton,
flax, etc. ; a metal loop to receive a hook. —a.
Chief ; principal; settled. — Sta'pler (-pier), n.
A dealer in staples ; one who assorts wool

Star (star), n. One of the minor luminous heav-
enly bodies ; a star-shaped ornament to indicate
rank or honor ; the figure of a star [*] used in
printing, as a reference to a note ; an asterisk ;
a person of brilliant qualities, esp. a distin-
guished theatrical performer. — v. t. [Starred
(stiird) ; Starring.] To set with star*. — i . t.
To shine ; to figure prominently. — Starless
(-les), a. Having no stars visible. — Starlight'
(-lit'), n. Light proceeding from the stars. — -
a. Lighted by the stars. — Star'ry* (-ry), a.
Abounding or adorned with, or like, stars ; pro-
ceeding from the stars ; stellar.

Star'board' (star'bord' or -berd'), n. The right-
hand side of a vessel, to one looking forward . —
a. Pertaining to, or lying on, the right side.

Starch (starch), n. A granular substance used
for stiffening cloth. — v. t. [Starched (starcht) ;
Starching.] To stiffen with starch.

Stare (star), v. i. [Stared (stard); Staring.]
To look with fixed eyes wide open ; to look
earnestly, -—v. t. To gaze at. — n. A staring;
a fixed look. — Star'er, n.

Star'flsh/ (star'fish'), n. A marine animal, hav-
ing rays like a star.

Starfish.

Stark (stark), a. Stiff; strong; mere; sheer;
pure ; downright. — adv. Wholly ; absolutely.

Starless, Starlight, Star'ry. See under Star, n.

Starling (starling), n. A small, sociable Eu-
ropean bird ;
the rock
trout, a Cali-
fornia fish.

Star'ry, a. See
under Star,
n.

Start (start), v.
i. & t. To
move sudden-
ly ; to rouse ;
to begin. —
n. A sudden
spring or motion, from surprise, fear, pain,
etc. ; a twitch or spasm ; a sally ; a setting out ;
outset. — Starrer, n.

Star'tle (staVt'l), v. i. [Startled (-t'ld) ; Star-
tling (-tlTng).] To shrink; to move suddenly.
— r. t. To excite by sudden alarm or surprise ;
to frighten. — n. A sudden motion or shock.

Starve (starv), v. i. [Starved (starvd) ; Starv-
ing.] To perish with cold or hunger; to suffer
extreme want. — v. t. To kill witli cold or

A UBdii'i in timpms , uue vvnu assuris wuui. exuit'ine wuiil. ^i. i. au mil vwlii ouiu v,

fern, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

STARVELING

416

STEAM ENGINE

hunger ; to distress or subdue by famine ; to
deprive of force or vigor. — Starveling (starv'-
ling), a. Hungry; lean. — n. An animal or
plant thin and weak through want of nutri-
ment. — Star - va ' tion (star-va'shun), n. A
starving, or state of being starved.

State (stat), n. Condition of a being at any given
time ; rank ; quality ; prosperity or grandeur ;
pomp ; a body of men united by profession ; a
community of a particular character; a body
politic ; the body of people united under one
government ; in the United States, one of the
commonwealths which make up the nation. — a.
Pertaining to the government or to public af-
fairs — v . t. To express the particulars of ; to
narrate ; to recite. — Stat'ed, a. Settled ; es-
tablished ; regular. — Stat'ed-lV, adv. At
stated or appointed times. — State' ment
(-ment), n. A stating or reciting ; a narrative.

State'house' (stat'hous'), n. The building in
which a legislature sits ; a State capitol.

State'ly (stat'ly), a. [Statelier (-li-er) ; State-
liest.] Evincing state or dignity ; majestic ;
magnificent ; grand ; august. — adv. Majestic-
ally ; loftily. — State'li-ness, ».

State'room/ (stat'rooni'), n. A magnificent room
in a palace, etc. ; a compartment for sleeping in
a ship's cabin or in a sleeping car.

States'man (stats'inan), n. ; pi. Statesmen. One
versed in the arts of government ; one eminent
for political abilities. — States'man-ly, adv.
In a manner becoming a statesman. — States'-
man-snip, n. The qualifications or employ-
ments of a statesman.

Stat'ic (stat/ik), Stat'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to bodies at rest ; acting by mere weight. —
Stat'ics, n. Science of the equilibrium of
forces, or of bodies at rest.

Sta'tion (sta'shun), n A spot or place where
anything stands or is appointed to remain; a
place where railroad trains stop, to take in pas-
sengers, etc., or where a police, military, or
naval force is assembled when not on duty;
post assigned ; office ; situation ; occupation ;
business ; state ; condition of life. — r. t.
[Stationed (-shiind) ; Stationing.] To place ;
to set ; to appoint to a post, place, or office. —
Sta'tl011-al (-a\), a. Of or pertaining to a sta-
tion. — Sta'tion-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Not moving;
stable ; fixed ; not growing greater or better.

Sta'tion-er (sta'shun-er), n. One who sells pa-
per, ink, and furniture for writing — Sta'tion-
er-y (-er-Jf ), n. The articles sold by stationers.
— a. Belonging to a stationer.

Sta'tist (sta'tTst), n. A statesman ; one skilled
in government. — Sta-tis'tic (sta-tTs'tTk), Sta-
tis'tic-al (-tT-kal), a. Pertaining to the condition
of a people, their economy, property, and re-
sources ; pertaining to statistics. — Sta-tis'tic-
al-ly, adv. — Sta-tls'tics, n. A collection of
classified facts, exhibiting the condition of the
people in a state, or of any industry, interest,
etc. ; the science of collecting and classifying
such facts. — Stat'is-tl'clan (stXt'Ts-tTsh'rtn), n.
One versed in statistics.

Stat'U-a-ry (st5t'u-i-ry), n. Art of carving stat-
ues ; a maker, also a collection, of statues. —
Stat'ue (staVii), n. A carving in stone, metal,
etc., of the likeness of a living being ; an im-
age. — Stat'u-ette' (-St'), n. A small statue. —
Statuesque' (-8sk'), a. Like a statue.

Stat'ure (stSt'ur), n. The natural height of a
body, esp. of the human body.

HSta'tUS (sta'tus), n. [L.] State ; condition.

Stat'Ute (stat'ut), n. A legislative act declaring,
commanding, or prohibiting something ; a law ;
an edict ; a decree. — Stat'U-ta-ble (-u-ta-b'l),
Stat'u-tO-ry (-to-ry), a. Enacted by statute.

Staunch, a. See Stanch.

Stave (stav), n. A thin, narrow piece of wood,
of which casks are made ; a part of a psalm as
sung in churches. — v. t. [Staved or Stove ;
Staving.] To thrust through with a staff ; to
break a hole in ; to drive away ; — with off.

Stay (sta), v. %. [Stayed (stad) or Staid (stad) ;
Staying.] To remain ; to continue; to stop;
to dwell ; to rely ; to trust ; to endure. — v. t.
To withhold ; to restrain ; to delay ; to stop
from motion or falling ; to prop ; to hold up ;
to satisfy in part. — n. Continuance in a place ;
abode ; sojourn ; stand ; stop ; a prop or sup-
port ; a strong rope supporting a mast ; pi. a
bodice; a corset. — Stay' er, n. — Stay'sail'
(sta'sal'), n. A sail extended on a stay.

Stead (sted), n. Place or room ; turn. — To
Stand in Stead. To be of use or advantage.

Steadfast (sted'fast), a. Firmly established ;
fast fixed ; firm ; resolute.

Stead'y (sted'y), a. [Steadier (-T-er) ; Steadi-
est.] Firm in standing or position ; fixed ; not
changeable or wavering ; uniform ; regular ;
unremitted; stable. — v. t. [Steadied (-id);
Steadying.] To hold or keep from shaking,
reeling, or falling; to support, —v. i. To be
firm ; to maintain an upright position.

Steak (stak), n. A slice of meat for broiling.

Steal (stel), v. t. & i. [_imp. Stole (stol) ; p. p.
Stolen (sto'l'n) ; p. pr. Stealing.] To take
(goods) unlawfully and secretly ; to filch ; to
pilfer. — Steal'er, n.

Stealth (stglth), n. A secret or clandestine act.
— Stealth'y (-y), a. [Stealthier (-T-er);
Stealthiest.] Done by stealth ; secret ; sly. —
Stealth'i-ly, adv. — Stealth'i-ness, n.

Steam (stem), n. The elastic vapor of boiling
water ; an exhalation. — v. i. [Steamed
(stemd) ; Steaming.] To rise in vapor ; to move
by agency of steam. — v. t. To exhale ; to ap-
ply steam to for softening, dressing, or prepar-
ing. — Steam'er, n. A vessel propelled by
steam ; a fire engine whose pumps are worked
by steam ; a vessel for subjecting articles to
action of steam, in washing, cookery, etc. —
Steam/ship', n. A ship propelled by the power
of steam. — Steam'y (-f), a. Consisting of,
like, or full of, steam; misty. — Steam'i-ness.
n. — Steam'boat/ (-bof), n. A boat propelled
by steam. — Steam boiler. A boiler for gener-
ating steam. — Steam engine. An engine

Horizontal Stcnm Enpinc

5, e, I, o, u, long ; &, C, I, 5, ii, y> short ; sentfcte, Svent, tdea, obey, tlnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

STEAM GAUGE

417

STEREOGRAPHICAL

moved by steam. — Steam gauge. An instru-

Portable Steam Engine.

Vertical Steam
Engine.

ment for indicating the pressure of the steam in
a boiler. — Steam tug. A steam vessel used
in towing other vessels. — Steam vessel. A
vessel propelled by steam.

Ste'a-rine (ste'a-rm), n. The harder ingredient
of animal fat, found in tallow, etc.

Ste'a-tite (ste'a-tit), n. A magnesian rock hav-
ing a soapy feel ; soapstone.

Sted'fast, a. See Steadfast.

Steed (sted), n. A horse ; esp., a spirited horse.

Steel (stel), n. Iron combined with a small por-
tion of carbon, used in tools, weapons, etc. ;
sternness ; rigor. — v. t. [Steeled (steld) ;
Steeling.] To overlay, point, or edge with
steel ; to make hard, insensible, or obdurate. —
Steel'y (-y), a. Made of steel ; hard ; firm.

Steel/yard (stel'yard; colloq. stil'yerd), n. A
balance for weighing bod-
ies hung from the shorter
arm of a lever.

Steep (step), a. Greatly in-
clined; precipitous; diffi-
cult. — n. A precipitous
place or ascent. — Steep'- Steelyard.

ly, adv. — Steep'ness, n.

Steep (step), v. t. [Steeped (stept) ; Steeping.]
To soak in a liquid ; to macerate. — Steep'er,
n. A vessel in which things are steeped.

Stee'ple (ste'p'l), n. A pointed tower of a
church ; a spire. — Steeple chase. A race be-
tween horsemen, to see which can first reach
some distant object (as a steeple).

Steer (ster), n. A young ox.

Steer (ster), v. t. [Steered (sterd) ; Steering.]
To control the career of ; to direct ; to guide.
— v. i. To direct and govern a vessel in its
course ; to conduct one's self . — Steer'age (-aj),
n. A directing and governing ; the manner in
which a ship is affected by the helm ; an apart-
ment in a ship for an inferior class of passen-
gers. — Steers'man (sterz'man), n. ; pi. Steers-
men (-men). One who steers ; a helmsman.

Stein'bok (stin'bok or sten'-), n. The ibex.

Stel'lar (stel'ler), Stel'la-ry (-la-r^), a. Pertain-
ing to, or full of, stars ; starry. — Stel'late
(-lat), Stel'la-ted (-la-tSd), Stel'li-form (-1T-
f6rm), Stel'lu-lar (-u-ler), a. Like a star ; ra-
diated. — Stel-lifer-OUS (-lTf'er-us), a. Abound-
ing with stars.

Stem (stgni), n. The principal body of a tree or
plant ; the stock of a family ; a curved timber
to which the sides of a ship are united at the
fore end ; the forward part of a vessel, —v. t.
[Stemmed (stgmd) ; Stemming.] To cut (op-
posing water or a current) ; to oppose ; to check

(a stream or moving force) , to remove stems
from (berries, etc.). — Stem'-wind'er (-wlnd'-
er), n. A watch wound by mechanism moved
by the stem (or handle), and not by a key.

Stench (stSnch), n. A bad smell ; stink.

Sten'cil (sten'dil), n. A thin plate of metal, etc.,
perforated with
letters or pat-
terns, which are
transferred by a
marking brush

mmm

Stencil.

to the surface on
which it is laid.

— v. t. [Stenciled (-sild) or Stencilled ;
Stenciling or Stencilling.] To mark with a
stencil. — Sten'cil-er, Sten'cil- ler, n.

Sten'O-graph (steV6-graf), v. t. [Stenographed
(-graft) ; Stenographing (-graf'Tng).] To write
or report in stenographic characters. — n. A
writing in shorthand. — Ste-nog'ra-phy (ste-
nog'ra-fy), n. The art of writing in shorthand.

— Ste-nog'ra-pMst (-fist), Ste-nog'ra-pher

(-fer), n. One skilled in stenography. — Sten'-
o-graph/ic (sten'o-graf'Tk), Sten'o-graph/ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Pertaining to stenography.

Sten-to'ri-an (sten-to'rT-on), a. Extremely loud.

Step (stgp), v. i. [Stepped (stgpt) ; Stepping.]
To move with the feet ; to walk a little dis-
tance. — v. t. To set (the foot) ; to fix the foot
of (a mast) in its step. — n. A movement made
by one removal of the foot ; a pace ; a stair ; a
small space or distance ; gradation ; degree ;
advancement ; progression ; gain or advantage ;
footprint ; track ; trace ; manner of walking ;
proceeding ; measure ; a round of a ladder ; a
degree or interval in music ; a block in a vessel,
supporting the heel of the mast ; a bearing, in
machinery, in which a spindle or shaft revolves ;
pi. a portable framework of stairs.

Step'broth/er (step'bruth'er), n. A brother by
marriage only. — Step'daugh'ter (-cla/ter), n.
A daughter by marriage oi^y. — Step'fa'tlier
(-fa/ther), n. A father by marriage only. —
Step'moth'er (-muth'er), n. A mother by mar-
riage only. — Step'Sis'ter (-sls'ter), n. A sister
by marriage only. — Step'son' (-sun/), n. A son
by marriage only.

Steppe (step), n. A vast plain in Eastern Europe
and Asia.

Step/ping Stone7 (stgp'ping ston')- A st«ne to
raise the feet above water or mud in walking ;
a means of progress or advancement.

Ster'co-ra'ceous (steVk6-ra'-

shus), a. Of, like, or per-
taining to, dung.

Stere (ster or star), n. The
metric unit for solid meas-
ure, equal to a cubic meter,
being 35.3 cubic feet.

Ste/re-Og'ra-phy (ste're-5g'ra-
f^ or steVe-), n. The delin-
eating forms of solid bodies
on a plane. [By cutting
cardboard or other material
in the forms represented in
the cut, folding them along
the lines indicated, and join-
ing their edges, the five reg-
ular solids may be formed.]

— Ste' re- o- graph 'ic (-6-
grSf'Tk), Ste/re-o-graph'ic-al (-T-kr/1), a. Made

Stereography.
a Tetrahedron , 5
Hexahedron or
Cube ; c Octahe-
dron , '/ Dodecahe-
dron ; e Icosahe-
dron.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

STEREOMETRY

418

STILLBORN

according to the rules of stereography. — Ste'-
re-Om'6-try (ste're-om'e-try or steVe-), n. The
measuring solid bodies, and finding their con-
tents. — Ste're-op'ti-COH (-op'tT-kon), n. A kind
of magic lantern which shows photographic pic-
tures on a screen, as if standing out in relief ;
a pair of magic lanterns to produce dissolving
views. — Ste're-o-scope (-6-skop), n. An op-
tical instrument giving pictures the appearance
of solid forms, as seen in nature. — Ste're-O-
scop'ic (-skop'Tk), Ste're-o-scop'ic-al (-I-kal),
a. Pertaining or adapted to the stereoscope.

— SteTe-O-type (-tip), n. A plate of type met-
al, resembling the surface of a page of type ; the
making metallic plates in imitation of type. —
v. t. [Stereotyped (-tipt) ; Stereotyping.] To
make stereotype plates for (a book, etc.) ; to
repeat without variation. — Ste're-O-typ'er, n.

Ster'ile (ster'Tl), a. Producing no crop ; barren ;
unfruitful. — Ste-ril'i-ty (ste-ril'i-ty), n.

Sterling (sterling), a. Of standard weight or
quality ; — said of British money of account ;
genuine ; pure.

Stern (stern), a. Severe ; austere ; rigid ; harsh ;
immovable. — Stern'ly, adv. — Stern'ness, n.

Stem (stern), n. The hind part of a vessel, — a.
Being astern or in the stern. — Stern board.
Backward motion of a vessel ; loss of way in
making a tack. — Stern chase. A chase in
which one vessel follows in the wake of the
other. — Stern chase, Stern chaser. A gun
in a ship's stern, to annoy a ship pursuing her.

— Stem Sheets. That part of a boat between
the stern and the aftermost seat of the rowers.

— Stern'way (•wa/), n. The movement of a
ship backward, or with her stern foremost.

Stern'ly, Stern'ness. See Stern, a.
Ster'num (ster'niim), n. [NL.] A flat bone at
the center of the chest in front ; the breastbone.

— Ster'nai (-nal), a. Pertaining to the ster-
num.

Ster'nn-ta'tion (steVnu'-ta'shun), n. A sneezing.

— Ster-nu'ta-tive (ster-nu'ta-tTv), Ster-nu'ta-
t«-ry (-to-ry), a. Exciting to sneeze. — Ster-
»«'ta-tO-ry, n. A substance that provokes

Ster-te'ri-ous (st§r-t5vn-us), Ster'to-rous (steV-
fct-riis), a. Characterized by a deep snoring, as
in apoplexy ; hoarsely breathing.

Steih'e-soope (st8th'6-skop), n. An instrument
lot distinguishing sounds in the human chest,
to learn the condition of the part examined, as
the heart, lungs, etc.

One form of Stethoscope, a Main Tube to be
applied to Chest ; b b Ear Tubes.

Steve (stev), v. I. To stow (cotton or wool) in a
ship's hold. — Ste've-dore7 (ste've-dor'), n. One
who loads and unloads vessels.

Stew (stu), v. t. & i. [Stewed (stud) ; Stewing.]
To boil slowly ; to seethe. — n. A dish cooked
by stewing ; a state of excitement ; confusion.

Stew'ard (stu'erd), n. One employed to manage
domestic concerns, superintend other servants,
collect rents, etc. ; a ship's waiter ; a fiscal

agent of certain bodies. — Stew'ard-ess, n. A
female waiter on shipboard . — Ste ward-ship,
n. Office of a steward.

Stib'i-al (stTbf-al), a. Like stibium, or anti-
mony ; antimonial.

Stich (stik), n. A verse in poetry ; a line in the
Scriptures ; a row of trees.

Stick (stik), n. A small shoot of a tree ; a
rod ; a stem or branch of a tree, cut for fuel or
timber ; a printer's instrument in which type
are arranged in lines ; a thrust ; a stab. — v. t.
[Stuck (stuk) ; Sticking.] To pierce ; to stab ;
to fix in ; to impale on a pointed instrument ; to
attach by adhesion. — v. i. To adhere ; to cling ;
to be hindered from proceeding; to stop; to hesi-
tate. — Stlck'y (-$), a. [Stickier ; Stickiest.]
Inclined to stick ; adhesive ; gluey ; viscous ;
tenacious. — Stick/i-ness, n.

Stic'kle (sttk'k'l), v. i. [Stickled (-'Id) ; Stic-
kling.] To contend or altercate pertinaciously.

Stic'kle-back' (stik'k'l-bak'), n. A small fish,
armed with spines,
and which constructs
nests.

Stick'y, a. See under
Stick, n.

Stiff (stYf), a. Not
easily bent ; not flex-
ible, liquid, or fluid ;
thick and tenacious;
not easily subdued ; firm ; rigid ; hardy ; stub-
born ; harsh ; formal ; constrained ; rigorous. —
Stiffly, orfv.-Stiff'ness,n.— Stiffen (st if ''n),
v. t. [Stiffened (-'nd) ; Stiffening.] To make
stiff ; to make less pliant ; to make more thick
or viscous, —v. i. To become stiff.

Sti'fle (stl'f'l), v. t. [Stifled (-fid) ; Stifling.]
To stop the breath ; to choke ; to deaden.

Sti'fle (stl'f'l), n. The joint in a horse's hind
leg corresponding to the knee in man.

Stig'ma (stTg'ma), n. ; pi. E. Stigmas (-maz) ;
L. Stigmata (-ma-ta). A
mark ; a brand ; in plants,
the part of the pistil
which receives the pollen.

Sticklebacks.

-Stig-mat'ic (-mat'Tk),
Stig-mat'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Marked with a stigma. —
Stig'ma-tize (stTg'ma-tlz),
v.t. [Stigmatized (-tizd) ; 5 stigma.

Stigmatizing.] To mark
with a stigma ; to set a mark of disgrace on.

Stile (stil), n. A style, or pin on the face of a
dial to form a shadow.

Stile (stfl), n. A set of steps, for passing a fence
or wall.

Sti-letrtO (sti-let'to), n. ; pi. Stilettos (-toz). A
small dagger ; an instrument
for making eyelet holes. — v. t.
[Stilettoed (-tod); Stiletto- stiletto.
ing (-to-ing).] To stab.

Still ( stil ), v. t. [Stilled (stTld) ; Stilling.]
To stop (noise, motion, or agitation) ; to quiet ; to
calm ; to lull ; to subdue ; to check ; to restrain.
— a. Quiet ; calm ; serene ; inert ; stagnant. —
n. Calm ; silence, —adv. To this time ; until
and during the time now present; always ; uni-
formly ; notwithstanding ; nevertheless ; after
that. — Still'y ( - y ), a. Still ; quiet. — adv.
Quietly. — Still'ness, n. -^ StillTwrn' (-bCrn')i
a. Dead at the birth ; abortive.

B,e, I, o, H, long ; a, 6, i, 5, ii, y, short ; senftte, Svent, Idea, obey, Unite, c&re, ftrm, ask, all, final,

STILL

419

STOCKING

Stilt.

Still (stTl), n. Apparatus for distillation of liq-
uors ; a distillery. — v. t. To distill.

Stilt (stilt), n. A wooden bar, extending the
length of the leg, to raise the foot
above the ground in walking ;
a root rising above the ground. —
v. t. To raise on stilts ; to elevate ;
to raise unnaturally ; to make gro-
tesquely elevated or pompous.

Stim/U-lant (stim'u-lant), a. Serv-
ing to stimulate. — n. That which
stimulates, provokes, or excites;
a medicinal agent for increasing
vital activity. — Stim/u-late (-lat),
V. t. To excite, rouse, or animate ;
to incite or encourage ; to impel ;
to urge • to irritate. — Stlm'U-la'-
tor ( -la'ter ), n. — Stim'u-la'tion
(-la'shun), n. A stimulating ; an
exaltation of organic action. —
Stlm'u-la-tlve (-la-tTv), a. Stimulating. — n.
That which rouses into more vigorous action. —
Stim'u-lns (-lus), n. ; pi. Stimuli (-11). [L.]
A goad ; an incentive ; that which produces in-
creased vital action.

Sting (sting), n. A sharp-pointed weapon with
which certain animals pierce any animal that
provokes them ; the thrust of a sting into the
flesh ; acute pain ; a pointed, sarcastic saying.
— 1\ t. [Stung (stung) (Stang (sting), obs.);
Stinging.] To pierce with a sting; to pain
acutely. — Sting'er, n. — Sting'y (-f ), a.

Stin'gy ( stiii' jy ), a. [Stingier (-jT-er) ; Stin-
giest.] Extremely covetous ; meanly avari-
cious. — Stin'gi-ly, adv. — Stin'gi-ness, n.

Stink (stink), v. i. [Stank (stSnk) or Stunk
(stunk) ; Stinking.] To emit a foul smell. —
n. A strong, offensive smell.

Stint (stint), v. t. To restrain within certain
limits; to bound; to confine", to assign a cer-
tain task of work to. — n. Limit ; restraint ;
proportion allotted. — Stlnt'er, n.

Stipe (stip), n. The base of a frond, stalk of a
pistil, trunk of a tree, or stem of a fungus.

Stl'pend (sti'pSnd), n. Settled pay for services;
wages ; salary. — Sti-pen'di-a-ry (stt-pSn'dt-a-
r^), a. Receiving wages or salary, — n. One
who receives a stipend.

Stlp'ple (sttp'p'l), v. t. [Stippled (-p'ld) ; Stip-
pling (-pling).] To engrave by means of dots.
— n. Engraving in which dots are used, instead
of lines.

Stip'u-late (stTp'u-lat), v. i. To make an agree-
ment to do or forbear anything ; to
bargain ; to contract. — Stip'U-la'-
tlon (- la ' shun ), n. A stipulating ;
an agreement ; a covenant ; an en-
gagement. — Stip'n-la'tor, n.

Stip'u-iate (stTp'u-lat), a. Furnished
with stipules. — Stip'ule (-ul), n.
An appendage at the base of peti-
oles or leaves, resembling a small
leaf. &J

Stir ( ster ), v. t. & i. [Stirred * B
(sterd) ; Stirring.] To move; to
awaken ; to rouse. — n. Agitation ; s g stipules
tumult ; seditious uproar.

Stir'mp (stttr'riip or stTr'riip), n. A kind of ring,
for supporting a horseman's foot.

Stitch (stTch), v. t. [Stitched (stTcht) ; Stitch-
ing.] To form stitches in ; to sew or unite

together. — v. i. To practice stitching. — n

single pass of a needle ^>»m>^cm^

in sewing or knitting ; i

the loop of thread thus J ■ * ^TFtT.i T F -

made ; a sharp pain, ^ A )

like the piercing of a

needle.
Stith'y (stith'y or stTth'-

y), ?i. An anvil

smith's shop.
Stl'ver (stl'ver), n. A

Dutch coin, worth two

cents.
Stoat (stot), n. The ermine,

Sewinir-Mnchine Stitches.
A Chain Stitch, or Loop
Stitch, li Lock Stitch.

Stocks.

so called when of
a reddish color, in summer.

Stock (stok), n. Body of a plant ; stem ; race ;
lineage ; ancestry ; cattle or domestic animals
collectively ; a post ; a dunce or dolt ; a cravat
or stiff neckcloth; a handle for a tool, gun,
etc. ; business capital, securities, or resources ;
fund ; supply ; store ; pi. a frame, with holea
for confining the
hands or feet of
culprits; pi. the
frame supporting a
ship while being
built; an ornamen-
tal flowering plant.
— v. t. [Stocked
(st5kt); Stocking.] &-
To lay up for use ;
to store ; to supply,
—a. Used or avail-
able for constant
service ; standard ;
permanent ; stand-
ing. — Stock car.
A railroad car for transporting cattle. — Stock
company. An incorporated company whose
capital stock is represented by marketable
shares. — Stock exchange. A place where
6tocks are bought and sold ; stock market ;
transactions in stocks ; an association of stock-
brokers. — Stock farmer. One whose busi-
ness is the rearing of live stock. — Stock In
trade. The goods kept for sale by a shop-
keeper ; the fittings and appliances of a work-
man. — Stock list. A list of stocks or securi-
ties dealt in, with their market prices. — Stock
market. The stock exchange ; a market for
live stock. — Stock taking. An iuventory of
stock or goods in a shop, warehouse, etc.

St0Ck-ade' (st5k-ad'), n. A line of posts forming
a fence or barrier ; pen made,
with posts aud stakes. — v. t.
To surround or fortify with
posts fixed in the ground.

StOCkHbro-ker ( stSk'bro-ker},
n. A broker who deals in
shares or stocks.

Stock'dove/ (st8k'duV)« n- Tho
European wild pigeon.

Stock'flsh' (stok 'fish'), n. Stockade-
I Salted and dried fish; codfish dried without
being salted.

Stock'nold'er (stSk'hold'er), n. One who is a
proprietor of stocks, funds, etc.

Stock i-net' (st5k'T-nSt'), n. An elastic textile
fabric for stockings, etc.

Stock'ing (stSk'Tng), n. A close-fitting covering
for the foot and leg.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, fo^ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

STOCKJOBBER

420

STORY

Stock'] ob/ber (stok'job'ber), n. One who specu-
lates in stocks for gain. — Stock'job/bing, n.
Dealing in stocks.

StOCk'-StilT (stok'stTF), a. Still as a stock or
post ; perfectly still.

StOCk'y (stok'y), a. Thick and firm ; stout.

StO'ic (sto'Ik), n. A disciple of the Greek philos-
opher Zeno ; one not easily excited ^an apathetic
person. — StO'ic, Sto'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to the Stoics or their doctrines ; unfeeling ;
indifferent to pleasure or pain ; apathetic. —
Sto'ic-al-ly, adv. — Sto'ic-al-ness, ».— Sto'i-
Cism (-T-sTz'm), n. Opinions of the Stoics ; in-
difference to pleasure or pain.

Stoke (stok), v. t. & i. [Stoked (stokt) ; Stok-
ing.] To supply (a fire) with f uel. — Stok'er,
n. One who tends a furnace, esp. of a locomo-
tive or marine steam engine.

Stole, imp. of Steal.

Stole (stol), n. A long, loose vestment or band
reaching to the feet.

Stolen, p. p. of Steal.

Stol'id (stol'Td), a. Hopelessly insensible or dull.
- Stol'id-ness, Sto-lid'i-ty (stMld'I-ty), n.

Stom/ach (stiim'ak), n. The principal organ of
digestion ; appetite ; liking ; desire. — ■ v. t.
[Stomached (-akt) ; Stomaching.] To receive
into the stomach, or bear without repugnance ;
to brook ; to endure. — Stom'ach-er (-ak-er),
n. An ornament or support to the breast, worn
by women. — StO-mach'iC (sto-ruak'Tk), StO-
mach/ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, strength-
ening, or exciting the action of, the stomach. —
Sto-mach'ic, n. A medicine to strengthen the
stomach and excite its action.

Stone (ston), n. A mass of hard mineral matter ;
a precious stone ; a gem ; a monument ; a con-
cretion in the kidneys or bladder ; the nut of a
drupe or stone fruit ; in England, weight legally
of 14 pounds, but varying with different arti-
cles. — v. t. [Stoned (stond) ; Stoning.] To
pelt or kill with stones ; to free from stones ; to
wall or face with stones. — Philosopher's
Stone. A substance formerly supposed to turn
any other substance into gold. — To leave no
Stone unturned. To use all practicable means
to effect an object. — Stone coal. Hard coal ;
anthracite coal. — Stone fruit. Fruit having
seeds covered with a hard shell enveloped in
the pulp, as peaches, cherries, etc. ; a drupe. —
Stone's cast, Stone's throw. The distance
a stone may be thrown by the hand. — Stone'-
"Ware' (-wa*r'),». A coarse pottery, glazed and
baked. — Stone/WOrk/ (-\vfirk'), n. Mason's
work of stone. — Ston'y (ston'y), a. Relating
to, made of, abounding in, or resembling, stone ;
converting into stone ; petrifying ; cruel ; obdu-

" rate. — Ston'i-ness, n.

Stood, imp. of Stand.

StOOk (stook), n. A collection of sheaves set up
in the field. — v. t. [Stooked (stdokt) ; Stock-
ing. ] To set up (sheaves) in stooks.

Stool (stool), n. A seat without a back. — Stool
pigeon. A pigeon used to tempt others into a
trap ; a decoy.

Stool (stool), n. The root or stem of a plant cut
off near the ground, and sending up shoots.

Stoop (stoop), v. ?'. [Stooped (stoopt) ; Stoop-
ing.] To bend forward ; to swoop ; to sink ; to
lean ; to condescend. — n. A stooping ; the fall
of a bird on its prey ; a swoop.

Stopcock.

n. One that

Stoop (stoop), n. The steps of a door ; a porch
with seats on the sides. [U. S.~\

Stoop (stoop), n. A vessel of liquor ; a stoup.

Stop (stop), v. t. [Stopped (stopt); Stopping.]
To close (an aperture) by filling; to obstruct;
to hinder ; to punctuate. — v. i. To cease to
go forward ; to stay ; to tarry. — n. A stop-
ping ; hindrance ; a contrivance for regulating
the sounds of a musical instrument ; a mark of
punctuation. — Stop'COCk' ( stop'kok' ), n. A
pipe for letting out a fluid,
stopped by a turniug cock
or stopper. — Stop'-gap'
(stop'gap/), n. That which
closes or fills up a gap or
chasm; a temporary ex-
pedient. — Stop'page
(-paj), n. A stopping or
arresting progress. — Stop'per,
stops, closes, or hinders ; that which fills a vent
or hole in a vessel. — v. t. [Stoppered ; Stop-
peeing.] To close or secure with a stopper. —
Stop'ple (-p'l), n. A stopper.

Stor'age (stor'aj), n. A depositing in a store or
warehouse for safe keeping ; the price for keep-
ing goods in a store. — Storage battery. An
accumulator ; a secondary battery for accumu-
lating and storing electrical charges.

Sto'rax (sto'raks), n. A fragrant resin, resem-
bling benzoin, used as an expectorant.

Store (stor), n. A source of supplies ; a great
quantity or number ; a storehouse ; a maga-
zine ; a place where goods are sold. — v. t.
[Stored (stord) ; Storing.] To collect ; to ac-
cumulate ; to deposit for preservation. — Store'-
house' (-hous'), n. A place for keeping goods,
esp. provisions ; a magazine ; a warehouse. —
Store'room', n. A room for storing articles.

StO'ried (sto'rid), a. Told in a story; having a
history; interesting.

Stork (stGrk), n. A large wading bird of the
I heron kind.

Storm (stSrm), n. A violent
disturbance of the atmos-
phere, with wind, rain,
snow, hail, or thunder and
lightning ; a violent agita-
tion or commotion; adver-
sity; distress; a violent
assault on a fortified place.
— v. t. [Stormed (stormd) ;
Storming.] To attack (a
fortified place) by scaling
the walls, forcing gates or
breaches, etc. — v. i. To
raise a tempest ; to rain,
hail, snow, etc. ; to rage ;

to fume. -Storm'y
(stonn'y), a. [Stormier (-T-er) ; Stormiest.]
Marked by, or proceeding from, storm ; agi-
tated ; boisterous ; violent ; passionate ; rough.

I'Stor'thing (stQr'tTng), n. The Parliament of
Norway.

Sto'ry (sto'r^), n. A narration of what has oc-
curred ; history ; a short narrative ; a tale ; a
falsehood. — v. t. [Storied v-rTd) ; Storying.]
To make the subject of a story ; to narrate or
describe. — Sto'ry-tell'er (-tgl'er), n. One
who tells stories ; a narrator of fictitious tales.

Sto'ry (sto'rJOi n- A set of rooms on the same
floor ; a loft ; a floor.

European White
Stork.

a, e, I, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, ii, y, short ; senate, gvent, tdea, &bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

STOUP

421

STREAKY

Stoup.

StOUP (stoop), n. A stoop or flagon

holy water at the entrance of

Roman Catholic churches.
Stout (stout), a. [Stouter;

Stoutest.] Strong ; lusty ;

robust ; bold ; valiant ; brave ;

big in stature ; large ; fleshy.

— n. A kind of strong beer.

— Stout 'ly, adv. — Stout'-
ness, n.

Stove (stov), n. Orig., a house
or room artificially warmed ;
a hothouse ; an apparatus
holding a fire for warming, cooking, etc.

Stove, imp. of Stave.

StOW (sto), v. t. [Stowed (stod) ; Stowing.] To
place in a compact mass ; to pack closely. —
StOW'age (sto'uj), n. A stowing ; disposition
of several thiugs together. — Stow'a-way7
(-a-wa7), n. One who hides on a ship about to
sail, to secure a free passage.

Stra-bis'mus (stra-bTz'mus or -bTs'mus), n. An
affection of the eyes, causing them to squint ;
cross-eye.

Strad'dle (strSd'd'l), *. t. [Straddled (-d'ld) ;
Straddling (-dllng).] To stand or walk with
the legs far apart. — v. t. To stand or sit
astride of. — n. A standing, sitting, or walk-
ing, with feet far apart.

Strag'gle (strag'g'l), v. i. [Straggled (-g'ld) ;
Straggling (-gliug).] To wander from the
direct way ; to rove ; to occur at intervals or
apart from one another. — Strag'gler, n.

Straight (strat), a. Passing from one point to
another by the nearest course ; direct ; not
crooked ; according with justice and rectitude ;
upright. — a. Narrow ; close ; tight. — adv.
Immediately ; directly. — Straight'ly, adv. —
Straight'ness, n.'— Straight'eu (straf'n), v. t.
[Straightened (-'nd) ; Straightening.] To
make straight ; to reduce to order ; to correct. —
Straight'en-er, n. — Straight for'ward (-f6r'-
werd), a. Proceeding in a straight course ; not
deviating; direct; honest; sincere. — Straight'-
OUt/ (-out/), a. Acting directly or without con-
cealment ; unqualified. — Straight' way' (-wa7),
adv. Immediately : without delay.

Strain (stran), v. t. [Strained (strand) ; Strain-
ing.] To draw with force ; to stretch ; to exert
to the utmost ; to injure by drawing or stretch-
ing ; to sprain ; to force ; to constrain ; to fil-
ter. — v. i. To make violent efforts ; to be
filtered. — n. A violent effort; an injurious
tension of the muscles, or hurtful over-exertion ;
a continued course of action ; a portion of a
tune : the subject of a poem or discourse ; style ;
tendency ; disposition. — Strain'er, n. One
who strains ; that through which liquid passes
for purification.

Strait (strat). a. [Straiter ; Straitest.] Nar-
row ; close ; difficult. — n. Distress ; difficulty ;
a narrow pass between mountains or
connecting two seas or oceans. — Strait'ly,
adv. — Strait'ness, n. — Strait/en (-'n), v. t.
[Straitened (-'nd) ; Straitening.] To make
strait or narrow ; to confine ; to tighten ; to
distress with poverty, etc. — Strait'-jack'et

(-jSk'gt), Strait'- waist/coat (-wast'kot ; colioq.
-weVkiit), 7*. A garment for restraining a ma-
niac or delirious person, by preventing move-
ment of the arms.

Strake (strak), n. An iron band securing the
fellies of a wheel ; a range of planks reaching
from stem to stem of the sides or bottom of a
vessel.

Stra-min'e-OUS (stra-min'e-us), a. Consisting of
straw ; chatty ; straw-colored.

Stra-mo'ui-um (stra-ruo'm-um), n. A plant hav-
ing rank leaves, used in medicine as a narcotic.

Strand (strand), n. The shore or beach of the
sea or large body of water. — v. t. & i. To rim
aground.

Strand (strand), n. One of the twists composing
a rope. — r. t. To break a strand of (a rope).

Strange (stranj), a. Belonging to another coun-
try ; not before known, heard, or seen ; new ;
wonderful ; unusual ; odd ; irregular ; queer.
— Strangely, adv. — Strange'ness, n. —
Stran'ger (stran'jer), n. One who is strange ;
a foreigner ; one living at a distance ; one un-
known or unacquainted.

Stran'gle (stran'g'l), v. t. & i. [Strangled
(-g'ld); Strangling (-gliug).] To suffocate;
to choke. — Stran'gler, n. — Stran'gles (-g'lz),
n. A swelling in a horse's throat. — Stran'gU-
la'tion (-gu-la'shun), n. A strangling ; suffo-
cation ; compression or constriction of some of
the bodily organs. — Stran'gU-ry (-gu-r£), n.
A painful discharge of urine, drop by drop.

Strap (strap), n. A long, narrow slip of leather,
cloth, metal, etc.; a strop. — v. t. [Strapped
(strSpt) ; Strapping.] To beat, chastise, fast-
en, or bind, with a strap ; to sharpen (a razor,
etc.) by rubbing on a strap, or strop.

Strapping (strap'ping), a. Tall ; lusty.

Stra'ta, n., pi. of Stratum.

Strat'a-gem (str5t'a-jem), n. A plan for deceiv-
ing an enemy ; an artifice.

Strat'e-gy (strat'e-jy), n. Science of directing
military movements ; generalship. — Strate-
gist (-jist), 7«. One skilled in strategy. — Stra-
te'gic (stra-te'jik or -tej'ik), Stra-te'gic-al
(-T-k(d), a. Pertaining to strategy ; effected by
artifice. — Strategic point. A point in the
theater of warlike operations which affords its
possessor an advantage over his opponent.

Stra'tum (stra'tiim), n. ; pi. E. Stratums (stra'-
tumz) ; L. Strata (-ta). A bed of earth or
rock consisting usuallv of a series of layers. —
Strat'i-fi-ca'tion (strSt'T-fT-ka'shun), n. Ar-
rangement in strata. — Strat'i-form (-f6rm), a.
Having the form of strata. — Strat'i-fy (-fl), v. t.
[Stratified ; Stratifying.] To form or de-
posit in layers.

Straw (stra), n. The stalk or stem of grain ; a
mass of stalks of grain after being thrashed ; any-
thing proverbially worthless. — Straw'y (-y), a.
Pertaining to, made of, or like, straw.

Strawljer-ry (stra'her-ry), n. A plant and its
fruit, of many varieties.

Stray (stra), v.i. [Strayed (strad) ; Straying.]
To wander, as from a direct course or from the
proper limits ; to err ; to swerve ; to depart. —
a. Strayed ; wandering. — n. A domestic ani-
mal that wanders at large ; an estray.

Streak (strek), n. A line or long mark ; a stripe ;
a range of planks on the side or bottom, reach-
ing from stem to stern of a ve^-el ; a strake. —
v. (. [Sti'.k\kf.d (rtrekt); Streaking.] To
form streaks in. — Streaked (sti ekt or strek'6d),
a. Marked with stripes of a different color —
Streak'y (-y), a. Having streaks ; striped.

fern, recent, orb, riide, full, urn, food, fdbt, out, oil, cnair, go, sing, ink, then, tnin.

STREAM

422

STROP

Stream (strem), n. A current of water or other
fluid. — v. %. [Streamed (stremd) ; Stream-
ing.] To issue in a stream ; to flow copiously ;
to radiate ; to stretch in a long line. — v. t. To
send forth in a stream ; to pour. — Stream'er,
n. An ensign or flag ; a column of light shoot-
ing upward from the horizon. — Stream'let
(-ISt), ». A small stream ; a rivulet ; a rill. —
Stream'y (-y), a. Abounding with streams ;
flowing with a current.

Street (stret), n. A paved way ; a city road.

Strength (strength), n. Quality of being strong ;
force or firmness ; number composing any
body, as an army, navy, etc. ; support ; valid-
ity ; authority. — Strengthen ( -'n ), v. t.
[Strengthened (-'nd) ; Strengthening.] To
make strong or stronger ; to invigorate ; to es-
tablish ; to encourage. — v. i. To grow strong
or stronger. — Strength'en-er, n.

Stren'U-OUS (strSn'u-us), a. Eagerly pressing or
urgent ; ardent ; bold ; earnest.

Stress (stres), n. Pressure ; urgency ; impor-
tance ; violence.

Stretch (strech), v. 1. & i. [Stretched (strScht) ;
Stretching.] To draw out; to extend; to
spread ; to strain. — n. A stretching ; exten-
sion ; effort ; reach ; direction. — Stretchier,
n. One who, or that which, stretches ; a long
stone, timber, etc., in a building; a litter for
carrying the sick or wounded.

Strew (stru or stro), v. t. [Strewed (strud or
strod) ; Strewing.] To scatter ; to cover by
scattering something over.

Stri'a (stri'a), n. ; pi. Stride (-e). [L.] A small
channel marking a shell, crystal, etc. — Stri-
ate (-at), Stri'a-ted (-a-tgd), a. Formed with
small channels.

Strick'en (striken), p. p. of Strike. Struck;
smitten ; worn out ; advanced.

Stric'kle (strtk'k'l), n. An instrument to strike
grain to a level with the measure ; a whet for
scythes ; a rifle.

Strict (strtkt), a. Strained ; drawn close ; tight ;
exact ; accurate ; rigorous ; severe. — Strict' -
ly, adv. — Strict'ness, n.

Stric'ture (strTk'tiir), n. Adverse criticism ;
censure ; a morbid contraction of any passage
of the body.

Stride (strld), n. A step, esp. one long, meas-
ured, or pompous. — v. i. [imp. Strode
fstrod) (Strid (strTd), obs.); p. p. Stridden
(strTd'd'n) (Strid, obs.) ; p. pr. Striding.] To
walk with long steps ; to straddle.

Strl'dent (stri'dfint), a. Harsh ; rasping ; grat-
ing. — Strld'U-lOUS (strYd'fi-lus), a. Making a
small, harsh sound ; creaking.

Strife (strlf), n. A striving ; contention for su-
periority ; struggle for victory ; quarrel.

Strike (strik), v. t. [imp. Struck (strfik) ; p. p.
Struck, Stricken (striken) (Strook (strdok),
obs.) ; p. pr. Striking.] To give a blow to ; to
hit ; to impress ; to lower (a flag, sail, etc.) ; to
make and ratify (a bargain, etc.) ; to level (the
surface of a measure of grain, etc.). —v. i. To
hit ; to deal a blow or an attack ; to touch ; to
surrender ; to break forth or commence sud-
denly ; to quit work in order to exact some-
thing from an employer. — n. A striking ; a
combining to stop work and bring an employer
to terms. — Strik'ing, a. Forcible ; impressive.

String (string), n. A slender line or cord ; a row
or line of things ; a cord of a musical instru-
ment ; a nerve or tendon. — v. t. [Strung
(strung) ; p. p. Strung (Stringed (rtrTngd)
rare) ; p. pr. Stringing.] To furnish with
strings ; to put on a string or thread ; to make
tense ; to strip or deprive of strings. — Stringed
(stringd), a. Having strings. — String'er, n.
One who strings or makes or provides strings ;
a longitudinal sleeper or beam. — String'halt'
(-halt'), n. A twitching of a horse's hinder leg.

— String'y (-y), a. Consisting of strings or
small threads ; fibrous , capable of being drawn
into a string or strings ; ropy ; viscid.

Strin'gent (strin'jent), a. Binding strongly ;
urgent ; exacting. — Strin'gen-cy (-jen-s^), n.

Strip (strip), v. t. [Stripped (strlpt) ; Strip-
ping.] To pull off (a covering) ; to skin ; to
peel ; to deprive ; to bereave ; to uncover. —
v. i. To undress. — n. A long, narrow piece.

— Strip'pings (-pingz), n. pi. The last milk
drawn from a cow at a milking.

Stripe (strip), n. A line, or long narrow division
of anything ; a stroke or blow, esp. with a rod
or scourge, or the mark thus made. — v. t.
[Striped (strlpt) ; Striping.] To make stripes ;
to form or variegate with stripes.

Strip'ling (strip/l!ng), n. A youth approaching
manhood ; a lad.

Strive (striv), v. i. [imp. Strove (strov) ; p. p.
Striven (strTv''n) ; p. pr. Striving.] To make
efforts ; to labor hard ; to contend ; to emulate ;
to aim. — Striv'er, n.

Stroke (strok), n. A blow ; a striking ; an attack
of disease or affliction ; calamity ; a dash or
touch of a pen ; a masterly effort ; the sweep
of an oar in rowing, also, the strokesman ; the
entire movement of the piston from end to end
of the cylinder of a steam engine. — v. t.
[Stroked (strokt) ; Stroking.] To rub gently
with the hand ; to soothe ; to set the time for
(a crew of oarsmen). — Strokes'man (stroks'-
man), n. The man who rows the aftermost
oar, giving time to the other rowers.

Stroll (strol), v. i. [Strolled (strold) ; Stroll-
ing.] To wander on foot ; to ramble ; to roam ;
to stray. — n. A wandering on foot ; a ramble.

— Stroll'er, n.

Strong (str5ng), a. [Stronger (stron'ger);

Strongest (-gSst).] Having strength or power

to act, resist, endure, or accomplish ; vigorous ;

having wealth, means, resources, or numbers ;

violent ; impetuous ; sound ; robust ; zealous ;

earnest ; full of spirit ; intoxicating ; cogent ;

valid.— Strong'ly, nd v.— Strong'hold' (-hold'),

n. A fastness ; a fortress ; a place of security.
Strop (str5p), n. A strap, or strip of leather for

sharpening razors, —r. t. [Stropped (strSpt) ;

Stroppino.] To sharpen on a strop.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

STROPHE

423

STURGEON

Strophe (stro'fe), n. ; pi. Strophes (-fez). The
former of two corresponding stanzas in lyric
poetry.

Strove, imp. of Strive.

Strow, v. t. Same as Steew.

Struck, imp. & p. p. of Strike.

StTUC'ture (struk'tur),* n. Manner of building ;
form ; construction ; arrangement of parts ; a
building ; an edifice. — Struc'tUI-al (-tur-al), a.
Pertaining to structure ; inherent.

StXUg'gle (strug'g'l), v. i. [Struggled (strug'-
g'ld) ; Struggling (-gling).] To strive; to
labor hard ; to contend ; to endeavor. — n.
Great labor ; forcible effort ; strife ; difficulty.

llStru'ma (stru/ma), n. Scrofula ; a swelling in
a plant. — Stru-mose' (stru-m5s' or stru/mos),
Stru'mous (stru/nius), a. 'Scrofulous; having
swellings in the glands.

Strong, imp. &p.p. of String.

Strut (strut), v. i. [Strutted ; Strutting.] To
walk pompously. — n. Affectation of dignity
in walking ; an oblique timber to strengthen a
rafter or horizontal piece ; a brace.

Strych'ni-a (strik'nT-a), Strych'nine (-ntn or
-nen), n. A vegetable alkaloid, intensely bitter
and very poisonous.

Stub (stub), n. The stump of a tree ; a part of
a page left after cutting out a check, etc., to re-
cord the transaction ; anything short and thick ;
the butt end of a cigar ; pen with a blunt nib.

— v. t. [Stubbed (stubd) ; Stubbing (stub-
bing).] To grub up by the roots ; to strike (the
toes) against a stump, stone, etc. — Stub'bed
(-he'd), a. Short and thick. — StubOjy (-by), a.
Abounding with stubs ; short and thick ; short
and strong. — Stub'bed-ness, n.

Stub'ble (stift/b'l), n. The stumps of wheat,
rye, etc., left in the ground.

Stub'born ^stut/bern), a. Unreasonably obsti-
nate ; steady ; hardy ; firm ; not easily melted
or worked ; refractory. — Stub'born-ly, adv. —
Stub'born-ness, n.

StUC'co (stuk'ko), n. Plaster used for coating
walls ; esp., fine plaster, for internal decorations.

— r. t. [Stuccoed (-kod) ; Stuccoing (-ko-Ing).]
To overlay with stucco.

Stuck, imp. & p. p. of Stick.

Stud (stud), n. A small timber or joist to sup-
port the beams of a building ; an ornamental
nail ; a button or catch for a shirt ; a short,
projecting rod in machinery. — v. t. [Studded ;
Studding.] To adorn or set thickly with studs
or knobs. — Stud'ding, n. Material for studs
or joists ; studs collectively.

Stud (stud), n. A collection of horses kept for
breeding ; a stallion. — Stud book- A register
of breeds of horses or cattle.

StU'dent (stu'dent), n. One engaged in study ; a
scholar ; a bookish man.

Stud'ied (studld), a. Well considered ; premed-
itated ; deliberate.

Stu'di-0 (stu'dT-6), n. ; pi. Studios (-oz). The
workshop of an artist.

StU'dl-OUS (stu'dT-us), a. Given to study ; con-
templative ; diligent. —StU'di-OUS-ly, adv. —
Stu'di-ous-ness, n.

Stud'y (stud'y), h.; pi. Studies (-Yz). Applica-
tion of mind to books, to science, or to any sub-
ject, for acquisition of knowledge ; attention ;
meditation ; an object of attentive considera-
tion ; a room for reading, writing, etc. ; an

artist's preparatory sketch, — v. I. & i. [Stud-
ied (-id) ; Studying.] To consider attentively
or diligently.

Stuff (stiif ), n. Material ; cloth not made into
garments; refuse or worthless matter; non-
sense.— v.t. [Stuffed (stuft); Stuffing.] To
fill by crowding ; to load to excess ; to press ; to
cram ; to obstruct. — v. i. To feed gluttonously.
— Stuffing, n. That used for filling anything ;
seasoning for meat. — Stuff'y (-y), a. Angry
and obstinate ; sulky \_Celloq.~\ ; close and sti-
fling ; unventilated. — Stuff'i-ness, n.

Stul'ti-fy (stul'tl-fl), v. t. [Stultified (-fid);
Stultd?ying.] To make a fool of.

Stum (stum), 11. Unfermented wine ; must ;
wine revived by new fermentation. — v. t. To
renew (wine) by mixing must with it.

Stum'ble (stQm'b'l), v. i. [Stumbled (-b'ld) ;
Stumbling (-blTng).] To trip in walking ; to
err ; to light by chance. — n. A trip or misstep ;
a blunder. — Stum'bler, n. — Stum'bling-
block/ (-blSk7), n. A block or obstruction ;
cause of error or failure.

Stump (stump), n. The part of a tree remaining
after the trunk is cut off, or of a limb after a
part is destroyed ; a short, thick remnant ; a
block, esp. for an extempore speech; one of
three posts forming the wicket in the game of
cricket. — v. t. [Stumped (stumpt) ; Stump-
ing.] To cut off a part of ; to reduce to a stump;
to challenge [Colloq. U. S.~]; to deliver elec-
tioneering speeches in \_Colloq. U. S.~] ; to knock
down (the stump or wicket) in cricket. —
Stump'y (stumpt), a. Full of stumps ; short
and thick ; stubby.

Stun (stun), v. I. [Stunned (stund) ; Stunning.]
To make senseless or dizzy with a blow on the
head ; to overcome ; to surprise completely. —
Stun'ner, n. One who, or that which, stuns;
something astonishing [Colloq.'].

Stung, imp. & p. p. of Sting.

Stunk, imp. &p. p. of Stink.

Stunt (stunt), v. t. To hinder from growth. —
n. A check in growth.

Stu'pe-fy (stu'pe-fl), v. t. [Stupefied ; Stupefy-
ing.] To make stupid ; to blunt perception or
understanding in. — StU'pe-fi'er (-fi'er), v. —
Stu pel ac'tion, n. A stupefying ; insensibility ;
stupidity. — Stu'pe-f ac'tive, a. Causing insen-
sibility ; deadening feeling or understanding.

StU-pen'dOUS ( stu-pgnMus ), a. Astonishing ;
wonderful ; esp., of astonishing magnitude or
elevation^— Stu-pen'dOUS-ly, adv.

StU'pld (stu'pid), a. Very dull ; sluggish ; sense-
less ; silly ; sottish *, heavy. — Stu'pid-ly, adv.
— Stu'pid-ness, Stu-pid'i-ty (-pTd'T-ty), n.

Stu'por (stu'pQr), n. Loss of sensibility ; numb-
ness ; stupidity.

Stur'dy (stfir'dy), a. [Sturdier (-dT-er) ; Stur-
diest.] Stout ; hardy ; robust ; obstinate. —
Stur'di-ly, adv. — Stur'di-ness, n.

Stur'geon (stuVjiin), n. A large cartilaginous
food fish, whose roes yield caviare, and the air
bladder isinglass.

Sturgeon.

fgrn, recent, orb, rijde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, ttien, thin.

STUTTER

424

SUBLUNARY

Style.

Stut'ter (stut'ter), v. i. [Stutteeed ( -terd ) ;
Stuttering.] To hesitate in speech; to stam-
mer. — n. A stammer. — Stut'ter er, n.

Sty (sti), n. ; pi. Sties (stiz). An inflamed tumor
on the eyelid.

Sty (sti), n. A pen for swine.

Styg'i-an (stTj'I-an), a. Hellish; infernal ; very
dark or black.

Sty'lar (sti'ler), a. Of or pertaining to the style
of a dial ; stilar.

Style (stil), n. An ancient instrument for writ-
ing on wax-covered tablets ; a
sharp-pointed engraver's tool or
surgical instrument ; the pin of a
dial ; the cylindrical portion of
the pistil of a plant ; expression
of thought in language ; choice
of words ; diction ; manner ; title.

— v. t. [Styled (stild) ; Styl-
ing.] To give a title to ; to call ;
to name ; to term ; to character-
ize.—Old Style. The mode of
computing months and days es-
tablished by Julius Caesar, which
made every fourth year consist
of 366 days, and the other years of
365 days. — New Style- A correction of the old
style (which had become 11 days too slow in
1752), by which every year divisible by 4 (unless
it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by
400), has 366 days, and any other year 365 days.

— Styl'ish, a. Given to display of style ; highly
fashionable; genteel. [Colloq. ] — Styl'ist, n.
One attentive to style ; a critic or model of
style. — Stylo-graph (sti'lo-graf), n. A stylo-
graphic pen. — Sty'lo-graph'ic (-grSf'Tk), a.
Pertaining to, or used in, stylography. — Sty-
logiaphic pen. A pen having a conical point
like a style and a reservoir supplying it with
ink. — Sty-log'ra-pby (sti-15g'ra-fy), n. A writ-
ing or drawing with a style.

Styp'tic (stip'tik), n. Something which arrests
hemorrhage. — Styp'tic, Styp'tic-al (-tl-kal),
a. Producing contraction ; restraining hemor-
rhage or bleeding ; astringent. — Styp-tic'i-ty
(-tTs'T-ty), n.

Su'a-bie (su'a-b'l), a. Capable of being sued.

Sua'sion (swa'zhun), n. A persuading ; persua-
sion. — Sua'sive (-slv), Sua'so-ry (-so-ry), a.
Persuasive.

Suave (swav or swav)? a. Sweet ; pleasant ; gra-
cious ; agreeable. — Suave'ly, adv. — SuaVI-ty
(swav'T-ty), n. Sweetness ; gentleness.

Sub(sub),n. A subordinate ; subaltern. [Colloq.']

Sub-ac'id ( sub-SsId ), a. Moderately acid or
sour.

Sub-al'tem ( sub-al'tern ), a. Ranked below ;
subordinate ; inferior. — n. One holding sub-
ordinate position ; esp., a commissioned military
officer below the rank of captain.

Sub-a'que-OUS (siib-a'kwe-us), a. Being under,
or formed in or under, water.

Sub'COm-mlt'tee (siUykom-mTt'te), n. An under
committee ; a division of a committee.

Sub'cu-ta'ne-ous (sfib'ku-ta'ne-us), a. Situated
under the skin.

Sub'di-vide' (suiydT-vId'), v. t. To divide the
parts of into more parts ; to divide again (a thing
already divided). — v. i. To be subdivided. —
Sub'di-vi'sion (-vTzh'iin), n. A subdividing ; a
part made by subdividing

Sub-dUCf (sub-dukf), v. t. To withdraw; to
take away ; to subtract. — Sub-duc'tion (-duk'-
shun), n. A subducting or subtraction.

Sub-due' (sub-du'), v. t. [Subdued (-dud') ; Sub-
duing.] To bring under ; to conquer ; to over-
power ; to surmount. — Sub-du'er, n.

Su-ber'ic (su-ber'Tk), a. • Pertaining to, or ex-
tracted from, cork.

Sub-fam'i-ly (sub-fam'i-ly), n. A subordinate
family ; a division of a family.

Sub-ge'UUS (sub-je'nus), n. A subdivision of a
genus, comprehending one or more species.

Sub-ja'cent ( sub-ja'sent ), a. Lying under or
below.

Sub'ject (sub'jekt), a. Placed or situated under ;
under the power of another ; exposed ; disposed ;
liable. — n. Anything under the authority or
influence of something else ; esp., one under the
authority of a ruler ; a thing subjected to an
operation or process, or brought under exami-
nation or discussion ; the person treated of or
spoken of.

Sub-ject' (sub-jgkf), v. t. To bring under con-
trol or dominion ; to enslave ; to expose ; to
make liable, accountable, or subservient. —
Sub-Jec'tion (-jek'shun), n. A subjecting or
being subject. —Sub-jec'tive (-t!v), a. Per-
taining to a subject ; derived from one's own
consciousness in distinction from external ob-
servation. — Sub-Jec'tive-ly, adv. — Sub-lec'-
tive-ness, «.— Sub'jec-tiv'i-ty (sub'jek-tiv'T-

ty), n. State of being subjective; that which
is treated in a subjective manner.

Sub-Join' (sub-join'), r. t. [Subjoined (-joind') ;
Subjoining.] To add after something else has
been said ; to annex ; to unite ; to coalesce.

Sub'jU-gate (siib'ju-gat), v. t. To subdue and
bring under control of another ; to overcome. —
Sub'jU-ga'tion (-ga'shiiu), n. A subjugating.

Sub-junc'tion (sub-junk'shun), n. A subjoining.
— Sub-junc'tive- (-tiv), a. Subjoined or added
to something before said or written. — n. The
subjunctive mode. — Subjunctive mode. That
form of a verb expressing condition, hypothesis,
contingency, which is subjoined or added to
some other verb, and often connected with it by
if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc.

Sub-la'tion (sub-la'shun), n. A taking away.

Sub-let' (sub-let'), v. t. [Sublet ; Subletting.]
To underlet ; to lease, as a lessee to another
person.

Sub-lim'a-ble (sub-lim'a-b'l).a. Capable of being
sublimated. — Sub'li-mate (sub'11-mat), v. t.
To evaporate (a solid substance) by heat, and
then condense by cold ; to refine and exalt ; to
heighten ; to elevate. — n. The product of a
sublimation. — Sub'li-ma'tion (-ina'shun), n.
A sublimating ; exaltation ; elevation.

Sub-lime' (sub-lim'), a. Lifted up ; exalted ;
lofty ; noble ; majestic. — n. A lofty style. —
v. t. [Sublimed (-limd') ; Subliming.] To sub-
limate ; to exalt ; to heighten ; to dignify ; to
ennoble. — v. i. To be sublimated. — Sub-
lime'ly, adv. — Sub-lime'ness, Sub-lim'i-ty
(-lim'T-ty), n. State of being sublime ; lofti-
ness ; grandeur ; magnificence.

Sub-lin'gual (sub-lin'gwol), a. Situated under
the tongue.

Sub-lu'nar (sub-lu'ner), Sub'lu-na-ry (-n£-ry),
a. Situated beneath the moon ; terrestrial ;
earthly.

a, e, i, o, a, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, u, y , short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SUBMARINE

425

SUBTILIZE

Diver dressed in Sub-
marine Armor.

Sub'ma-rine' (surVma-ren'), a. Being or growing
under the sea. — Submarine armor. A water-
proof dress into which air.
is pumped from above,
enabling a diver to re-
main under water. —
Submarine boat. A boat
that will operate under
water.— Submarine ca-
ble. A telegraph cable.

Sub-merge' (sub-merj'),
v. I. [Submerged (sub-
mer jd' ) ; Submerging. ]
To put under water ; to
plunge ; to drown. — v.
i. To plunge into fluid ;
to be included or incor-
porated. — Sub - mer ' -
gence t, -mer'jens ), n.
A submerging. — Sub-
merse' (-mei-s'), Sub-
mersed' ( -merst' ), a. Being or growing under
water, as the^ leaves of aquatic plants. — Sub-
mer'sion (-iner'shfin), n. A submerging.

Sub-mis'sion (sub-inish'un), n. A submitting;
a yielding ; obedience ; meekness ; resignation ;
confession of error. — Sub-mis'sive (-slv), a.
Inclined to submit ; yielding ; obsequious ; sub-
servient ; passive. — Sub-mis'sive-ly, adv. —
Sub-mis'sive-ness, n.

Sub-mif (sub-nut'), v. t. & i. [Submitted ; Sub-
mitting.] To yield ; to surrender ; to comply.

Sub-mul'ti-ple ( sub-niul'tT-p'l ), n. A number
contained in another an exact number of times.

Sub-nas'cent (sub-nas'sent), a. Growing under-
neath.

Sub-or'di-na-cy (siib-or'dT-na-sy), n. The state
of being subordinate. — Sub-or'di-nate (-nat),
a. Inferior in order, dignity, power, etc. — n.
An inferior. —Sub-or'di-nate (-nat), v. t. To
make inferior ; to subject or subdue. — Sub-
or'di-nate-ly (-nat-ly), adv. — Sub-or'di-na'-
tion (-ua'shun), n. A subordinating ; inferior-
ity; subjection.

Sub-orn' (sub-orn'), v. t. [Suborned (-Srnd') ;
Suborning.] To cause to take a false oath ; to
procure privately, or by collusion. — Sub-orn'er,
n. — Sub'or-na'tion ( sub'Sr-na'shiin ), n. A
suborning ; crime of procuring one to do a crim-
inal or bad action.

Sub-poe'na (sub-peAia), n. A writ commanding
the attendance (of a witness, etc.) in court.—
v. t. [Subpoenaed (-mid); Subpoenaing.] To
serve with a writ of subpoena ; to command at-
tendance in court by a legal writ. [Written
also subpena.~\

Sub-scribe' (siib-skrib'), v. t. [Subscribed (sub-
skribd') ; Subscribing.] To write underneath ;
to sign ; to attest, —v. i. To assent ; to agree ;
to enter one's name for a newspaper, a book,
etc. — Sub-scrib'er, n. — Sub'script ( BttV-
skrTpt), n. Anything underwritten. —</. Writ-
ten below or underneath. — Sub - scrip ' tion
(-skrTp'shun), n. A subscribing ; tiling sub-
scribed ; signature ; consent or attestation ;
amount of sums subscribed.

Sub'se-quent (suVst-kwent), a. Following in

time or place. — Sub'se-quent-ly, adv. — Sub'-

se-quence (-kwens), Sub'se-quen-cy (-kwen-

sy), n.

Sub-serve' (sub-serv'), v. t. [Subserved (-servd');

Subserving.] To serve in subordination ; to
help forward ; to promote. — v. i. To be sub-
ordinate. — Sub-serv'i ence (-serv'T-ens), Sub-
serv'i-en-cy (-en-sy), n. Condition of being
subservient. — Sub-serv'i-ent (-ent), a. Fitted
or disposed to subserve ; inferior ; submissive.

Sub-side' (sub-sld'), v. i. To sink or fall to the
bottom ; to abate ; to sink. — Sub-sid'ence
(-sid'ens), Sub-sid'en-cy (-en-sy), n. A subsid-
ing, sinking, or gradually descending.

Sub-sid'i-a-ry (sub-sTd'T-a-ry), a. Furnishing a
subsidy; assistant. — n. One that contributes
aid ; an auxiliary. — Sub'si-dlze (sub'sT-dlz),
v. t. [Subsidized (-dlzd); Subsidizing.] To
pay a subsidy to. — Sub'si-dy (-dy), n. Sup-
port ; aid ; money paid for the service of aux-
iliary troops.

Subsist' (siib-sTst'), v. i. To be ; to have exist-
ence ; to live. — v. t. To support with provi-
sions; to feed; to maintain. — Subsist' ence
(-ens), n. Real being ; means of support ; pro-
visions. — Sub-Sist'ent (-ent), a. Having real
being ; inherent.

Sub'SOil (sub'soil), n. The bed of earth beneath
the surface soil.

Sub-spe'cies ( sub-spe'shez ), n. A division of
a species.

Sub'stance (sub'stans), n. That which under-
lies or is essential ; substratum ; nature ; es-
sence ; characteristics ; body ; matter ; estate ;
property. — Sub-stan'tial (-stan'shal), a. Be-
longing to substance ; actual ; not seeming or
imaginary ; real ; material ; strong ; solid ; pos-
sessed of estate ; moderately wealthy. — Sub-
Stan'ti-al'i-ty (-shT-al'T-t#), n. State of being
substantial ; corporeity ; materiality. — Sub-
stantially, adv. — Sub-stan'tial-ness, n. —
Sub-Stan'tials, n. pi. Essential parts.

Sub-stan'ti-ate (sub-stan'shT-at), v. t. To make
to exist ; to establish by proof ; to verify.

Sub'stan-tive (sul/stau-tTv), a. Betokening or
expressing existence ; real. — n. A noun ; name
of a thing. — Sub'stan-tive-ly, adv.

Sub'Sti-tUte (suVstT-tut), v. t. To put in the
place of another ; to exchange. — n. Ono sub-
stituted, or put in the place of another. — Sub'-
Sti-tu'tion (-tu'shun), n. A substituting.

Sub-Stra'tum (sfib-stra'tum), n. ; pi. Substrata
(-ta). That which is spread under ; a layer of
earth lying under another ; the subsoil.

Sub-struc'tion (sub-struk'shun), Sub-struc'turo

(-tur), n. An under building ; a foundation.
Sub-tend' (sub-tend'), v. t. To extend under, or

be opposite to. — Sub-tense' (-tens'), n. The

geometrical line subtending or stretching across;

the chord.
Sub'ter-fuge (sub'ter-fuj), n. Thing resorted to

for escape or concealment ; a shift ; an evasion ;

a quibble ; an excuse.
Sub ter-ra'ne-an (silb'te'r-ra'ne-an), Sub'ter-ra'-

ne-OUS (-us), a. Under the surface of the earth ;

underground.
Sub'tile (sub'ttl or suf'l), a. Thin ; not dense or

gross; fine; acute; piercing; refined; crafty;

insinuating; artlul; cunning. — Sub'tile-ly, adv.

— Sub'tile-ness, Sub-til'i-ty (sub-tli'T-ty), n.

— Sub'til-i-za'tion (-T-za'shun), n. A making
subtile or thin or so volatile as to rise in vapor ;
refinement: extreme acuteness. — Sub'til-ize
(-iz),t>. /. [Subtilized (-iz<l) ; Subtilizing.] To
make thin or tine; to refine. — V. i. To make

fern, recent, orb, rude, full,, urn, iood, foot, out, oil, cliair, go, siug, mk, then, thin.

SUBTILTY

426

SUGAR CANE

very nice distinctions. — Sub'til-ty (sub'tTl-ty^
or sut't'l-), n. State of being subtile ; fineness ;
extreme acuteness ; slyness ; cunning ; artifice.

— Sub'tle (sut"l), a. [Subtler (-ler) ; Sub-
tlest.] Sly in design ; artful ; subtile. — Sub'-
tle-ness, Sub'tle-ty (-ty), n. — Subtly, adv.

Sub-tract' (sub-trakf), v. t. To withdraw or take
from the rest ; to deduct. — Sub-tract'er, n.

— Sllb-trac'tion (-trSk'shun), n. A subtract-
ing ; the taking a lesser number or quantity from
a greater. — Sub-trac'tive (-tiv), a. Tending
or having power to subtract ; having the minus
sign. — Sub'tra-hend7 (sub'tra-hend'), n. The
sum to be subtracted or taken from another.

Sub-treas'tir-y (sub-trezh'ur-y), n. A subordinate
treasury or place of deposit.

Sub'urb (sub'firb), n. A region adjoining a city ;
the confines ; the out part. — Sub-ur'ban (-tir'-
ban), a. Pertaining to suburbs. — n. A dweller
in the suburbs of a city.

Sub'va-ri'e-ty (suryva-ri'e-ty), n. A subordinate
variety.

Sub-vene' (sub-ven'), v. i. [Subvened (-vend') ;
Subvening.] To come under or happen. — Sub-
ven'tion (-vgn'shiin), n. A coming under ; a
government aid or bounty.

Sub- vert' (sub-vert'), v. t. To overthrow ; to ruin
utterly ; to pervert ; to corrupt. — Sub-vert'er,
n. — Sub-ver'sion (-ver'shun), n. A subvert-
ing ; overthrow ; utter ruin. — Sub-ver'sive
f-sYv}, a. Tending to subvert. — Sub-vert'i-ble
(-T-b'l), a. Capable of being subverted.

Sub'way' (sub'wa7), n. An underground way or
passage ; esp., a passage under a street to con-
tain water or gas mains, telegraph wires, etc.

SuCce-da'ne-OUS (suk'se-da'ne-us), a. Supplying
the place of something else. — HSuc'ce-da'ne-ura
(-urn), n. ; pi. Succedanea (-a). Anything used
for something else ; a substitute.

Succeed' (suk-sed'), v. t. & i. To follow in order ;
to pursue ; to come in the place of another ; to
prosper. — SllC-ceed'er, Suc-ces'SOr (-ses'ser), n.

— Success' (-ses'), n. A succeeding ; favorable
result ; prosperous issue. — Suc-cess'ful (-ful),
a. Having success ; prosperous ; fortunate ;
lucky. — Suc-cess'ful-ly, adv. — Suc-cess'ful-
ness, n. — Suc-ces'sion (-sgsh'iin), n. A suc-
ceeding ; a following of things in time or place ;
sequence ; series ; lineage ; race ; right of acced-
ing to the station or title of a father or pre-
decessor. — Suc-ces'sive (-si v), a. Following
in order or without interruption or interval. —
Suc-ces'sive-ly, adv. — Suc-ces'sive-ness, n.

Suc-cinct' (suk-sTnkt'), a. Compressed into a
narrow compass ; brief; concise; terse. — Suc-
cinct'ly, adv. — Suc-cinct'ness, n.

Suc'cor (suk'ker), v. t. [Succored (-kerd) ; Suc-
coring.] To help or relieve in difficulty, want,
etc. ; to aid ; to cherish ; to comfort. — n. Aid ;
help ; one that brings relief. — Suc'COT-er, n.

Suc'CO-tash (suk'ko-tSsh), n. Green maize and
beans boiled together. [U. S.~\

Suc'cu-lent (suk'ku-lent), a. Juicy. — Suc'CU-
lence (-lens), Suc'cu-len-cy (-len-sy). n.

Suc-cumb' (suk-kuni'), v. ?'. [Succumbed (suk-
kuiiiil') ; Succumbing (-kum'Tng).] To yield ;
to submit ; to sink unresistingly.

Suc-cus'sion (suk-kush'fln), n. A shaking ; jolt.

Such (such), a. Of that, or a like, kind ; like ;
t he Mine that ; — with cm.

Suck (suk), 7' t. &i. [Sucked (sfikt) ; Sucking.]

To draw in with the mouth ; to imbibe ; to ab-
sorb ; to ingulf. — n. A drawing with the mouth ;
milk drawn from the breast by the mouth. —
Suck'er (suk'er), n. One that sucks ; the pis-
ton of a pump ; a pipe through which anything
is drawn ; a shoot of a plant from the roots ; a
fish of several species. — v. t. [Suckered (-erd) ;
Suckering.] To strip off the suckers or shoots
from. — Suck'llng (suk'lTug), n. A young
child or animal nursed at the breast.
Suc'kle (sttk'k'l), v. t. [Suckled (-'kid) ; Suc-
kling.] To give suck to ; to nurse at the breast.

— Suc'kling, n. Act of nursing at the breast.
Suc'tion (suk'shun), n. A sucking or drawing

(fluids) by exhausting the air. — Suc-tO'ri-al
(siik-to'ri-al), a. Adapted for, living by, or ad-
hering by, suction.

Su'da-tO-ry (su'da-to-ry), a. Sweating ; perspir-
ing. — n. A sweating bath ; a vapor bath.

Sud'den (sud'den), a. Happening without notice ;
quick ; rapid ; abrupt ; unlooked-for. — n. Sur-
prise. — Sud'den-ly, adv. — Sud'den-ness, n.

Su'dor-if'er-OUS (su'der-Tf'er-us), a. Producing
perspiration. — Su'dor-ii'iC (-Tk), a. Causing
sweat. — n. A medicine that produces sweat.

Suds (siidz), n. pi. Water impregnated with soap.

Sue (su), v. t. [Sued (sud) ; Suing.] To follow
up ; to prosecute at law.

Su'et (su'gt), n. Hard fat about the kidneys and
loins. — Su'et-y (-y), a. Consisting of suet ;

Suffer (sQf'fer), v. t. [Suffered (-ferd) ; Suf-
fering.] To bear witli pain, annoyance, etc. ;
to undergo ; to permit ; to endure ; to tolerate.

— v. i. To feel pain ; to undergo punishment ;
to be injured. — Suf'f er-a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Ca-
pable of being suffered ; allowable ; tolerable.

— Suf'f er-a-ble-ness, «. — Suf'f er-a-bly, adv.

— Suf'f er-ance (-«ns), n. Endurance; incon-
venience ; toleration ; permission. — Suf 'f er-CT,
n. — Suf'fer-ing, n.

Suf-fice' (siif-fiz'), v. i. [Sufficed (-fizd') ; Suf-
ficing (-fi'zing).] To be sufficient. — v. t. To
satisfy ; to content ; to be equal to the wants of.

— Suf-fi'cien-cy (-fish'en-s^),n. State of being
sufficient ; ability ; capacity ; competence. —
Suf-fi'cient (-fish'ent), a. Enough ; full ; sat-
isfactory ; ample ; fit ; responsible. — Suf-fi'-
cient-ly, adv.

Suffix (suf'fiks), n. A letter or syllable added
to the end of a word ; an affix ; a postfix. —
Suf-fix' (suf-fiks'), v. t. [Suffixed (-f Ikst') ;
Suffixing.] To add or annex to the end.

Suf fO-cate (suf'fo-kat), v. t. To choke by stop-
ping respiration ; to stifle ; to extinguish. — v. i.
To become choked or smothered. — Suf fo-ca'-
tion (-ka'shiin), n. A suffocating. — Suf fo-
ca'tive (suf'fo-ka'tiv), O. Tending to choke.

Suffxa-gan (suf'fra-gan),a. Assisting, — n. An
assistant bishop.

Suffrage fsfif' frsj), n. A voice ; a vote.

Suffuse' (suf-fuz'), v. t. [Suffused (-fuzd');
Suffusing.] To overspread. — Suf-fu'sion, n.
A suffusing.

Sug'ar (shfibs'er), n. A sweet, crystalline sub-
stance, obtained from sugar cane, maple, beets,
sorghum, etc. ; anything sweet ; flattery. —V. t.
[Sugared (-erd) ; Sugaring.] To season, sprin-
kle, or mix, with sugar ; to compliment ; to
sweeten. —Sugar beet. A kind of beet whose
large white roots yield sugar. — Sugar cane.

a, e, i, 5, u, long ; a, £> i, 5, ti, y, short ; senate, $vent, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

SUGAR LOAF

427

SUNDEW

Sugar Cane.

A grass or cane whose juice yields sugar. —
Sugar loaf. A mass
of refined sugar, usu-
ally of conical shape.

— Sug'ar-plum', ».
Candy made up in
balls or disks. — Sug'-
ar-y (-f), a. Resem-
bling sugar ; sweet ;
saccharine.

Sug-gest' ( sud-jgst' or
sug-jSst'), v. I. To in-
troduce indirectly or
propose with diffi-
dence ; to hint ; to in-
sinuate. — Sug-gest'-
er, n. — Sug-ges'tion
(-chiin), n. A suggesting ; a diffident proposal
or mention ; a hint ; an indication. — Sug-
gest'ive (-iv), a. Containing a suggestion,
hint, or intimation.

Su'i-cidal (su'T-si'dal), a. In the nature of sui-
cide. — Su'i-Cide (-sid), n. A designedly kill-
ing one's self ; one guilty of self-murder.

Suit (sut), n. A suing ; an endeavor to gain an
end or object ; courtship ; a legal action for the
recovery of a right or claim ; a retinue ; a com-
pany of attendants or followers ; a series (of
rooms, buildings, cards, etc.) ; a set. —v. t. &i.
To fit ; to adapt ; to agree ; to correspond ; to
match ; to answer. — Suit'a-ble (sut'a-b'l), a.
Proper ; fitting ; becoming ; correspondent. —
Suit'a-ble-ness, n. — Suit'a-bly, adv.

Suite (swet), n. The retinue or attendants of a
distinguished personage; a suit or connected
series ; a set ; a collection.

Suit'or (sufer), n. One who sues ; a petitioner ;
one who solicits a woman in marriage ; a lover ;
one who prosecutes a demand in court, or at-
tends court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner,
witness, juror, etc.

Sul'cate (sul'kat), Sul'ca-ted (-ka-te"d), a. Scored
with deep channels ; furrowed ; grooved.

Sulk (sulk), v. i. [Sulked (sulkt) ; Sulking.] To
be sullen or sulky. — Sulks, n. pi. A sulky mood
or humor. — Sulk'y (-f), a. [Sulkier (-T-er) ;
Sulkiest.] Sullen; sour; obstinate; morose.
— n. A two- wheeled
carriage for one per-
son. — Sulk'i-ly,
adv. — Sulk'i-ness,
n.

Sul'len ( sul ' len ), a.
Gloomy; dismal ;
malignant ; cross ; ob-
stinate ; dull ; sulky ; sour
len-ly, adv. — Sul'len-ness, n.

Sul'ly (sul'ly), v. t. & i. [Sullied (-lTd) ; Sully-
ing.] To soil ; to spot ; to tarnish ; to stain. —
n. Soil ; tarnish ; spot.

Sul'phate (sul'fat), n. A salt composed of sul-
phuric acid and a base. — Sul'phur (-fur), n.
A mineral substance, insoluble in water, burn-
ing with a peculiar suffocating odor. — Sul'phu-
rate (-fu-rat), a. Belonging to, or resembling,
sulphur. — v. t. To combine with sulphur —
Sul'phur-ous (-f ur-us), Sul-phu're-ous (-ffi're-
us), a. Consisting of, like, or impregnated
with, sulphur. — Sul'phu-ret (sul'fu-rgt), n. A
combination of sulphur with another element.

— Sul'phu-ret'ed, a. Containing, or combined

with, sulphur. — Sul-phu'ric (-fu'rik), a. Per-
taining to, or obtained from, sulphur. — Sul-
phuric acid. An acid formed by one equiva-
lent of sulphur combined with three equivalents
of oxygen.— Sul'phur-y (sul'fur-J), a. Par-
taking of, or like, sulphur.

Sul'tan (siil'tan ; Arabic sul-tan'), n. The Turk-
ish emperor. — Sul- ta'na (-ta'na or -ta'na), n.
The wife of a sultan.

Sul'try (sul'try), a. [Sultrier (-trT-er); Sul-
trd3st.] Very hot, close, stagnant, and op-
pressive. — Sul'tri-ness, n.

Sum (sQm), n. The aggregate of two or more
numbers or quantities ; the amount ; a problem
to be solved in arithmetic. — v. t. [Summed
(sumd) ; Summing.] To bring together into one
whole ; to cast up (a column of figures) ; to col-
lect into a small compass.

Su'mac (su'mak ; colloq. shu'niak), Su'mach, n.
A shrub used in tanning, dyeing, medicine, etc.

Surn'ma-ry (sum'ina-ry), a. Formed into a nar-
row compass, or few words ; short ; brief ; con-
cise ; succinct. — n. An abridged account, ab-
stract, or compendium. — Sum'ma-ri-ly, adv.

Sum-ma'tion (sum-ma'shun), n. A summing ;
an aggregate.

Sum'mer (sum'mer), n. The warmest season of
the year ; north of the equator, the months of
June, July, and August. — v. i. [Summered
(-merd) ; Summering.] To pass the summer.

Sum'mer-sault, Sum'mer-set, n. See Somer-
sault, etc.

Sum'mit (sum'mTt), n. The top; the highest
point ; the utmost elevation.

Sum'mon (sum'mun), v. t. [Summoned (-mund) ;
Summoning.] To call or notify to appear or to
surrender ; to convene ; to excite ; to bid. —
Sum'mon-er, n. — Sum'mons (-munz), n. ; pi.
Summonses (-e*z). A command to appear or to
surrender.

Sump'ter (siimp'ter), n. A horse, mule, etc.,
that carries packs or burdens.

Sump'tu-a-ry (sumr/tu-a-ry), a. Relating to ex-
pense or expenditure. — Sumptuary laws.
Laws designed to forbid extravagance in ap-
parel, food, furniture, etc.

Sump'tU-OUS (sump'tu-Qs), a. Involving large
expense ; costly ; splendid ; magnificent. —

Sump'tu-ous-ly, adv.— Sumptu-ous-ness, n.

Sun (sun), n. The luminary whose light consti-
tutes day, and its absence night; the central
body round which the earth and planets re-
volve; sunshine.— v. t. [Sunned (sund) ; Sun-
ning.] To warm or dry in the light of the sun.
— Suh'beam' (suu'bem'), n. A beam or ray of
the sun. — Sun'bon'net (-bSn'net), n. A pro-
jecting bonnet, worn as a protection against the
rays of the sun.

Sun'burn' (^un'burn'), v. t. [Sunburned (sun'-
bGrnd') or Sunburnt (-bGrnf) ; Sunburning.]
To burn or scorch by the sun.

Sun'day (sun'da), n. The first day of the week ;
the Christian Sabbath ; the Lord's day.

Sun'der (sun'der), v. t. [Sundered (-derd) ;
Sundering.] To disunite ; to part ; to sepa-
rate ; to sever._— n. A separation.

Sun/dew7 (sunMu'), n. A bog plant whose leaves
have small glands, which exude a fluid, glitter-
ing like dewdrops, which attracts and detains in-
sects till the glands turn inward and the leaf di-
gests them.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then,

SUNDIAL

428

SUPERSTITIOUS

Sun'di'al (sun'di'al), n. An instrument to show Su'per-ex'cel-lent (su'per-ek'sel-lent), a. Excel-

the time of day by the shadow of a style on a . lent in an uncommon degree. — Su'per-ex'cel-

plate. lence (-lens), n.

Sun/down' (sun'doun7), n. Sunset. ! Su per-Ii'cial (su'per-f Tsh'al), a. Lying on the

Sun'dry (sun'dry), a. Several ; divers ; more j surface ; shallow ; not deep ; obvious or appar-

than one or two. — Sun'dries (-drlz), n. pi. j ent ; not profound. — Su'per-fi'cial-ly, adv.

Su'per-fi'cies (su'per-flsh'ez or -T-ez), n. 1

Many different or small things.

Sim/fisb/ (sun'flsh'), n. A name for fresh- and j surface ; the exterior part or face of a thing

ll'TIOT-fine CsvI'inpr-fTriV n Vuru fine • onrni

The

Very fine ; surpass-

! Su'per-fine (su'per-fin), a.
whose I ing others in fineness.

Su-per'flU-OUS (su-per'flu-us), a. More than is

sufficient ; unnecessary ; redundant ; needless.

Su-per'flu-ous-ly, adv. — Su-per'flu-ous-

ness, Su'per-f lu'i-ty (su'per-flu'i-ty), n
Su/per-hu'man (su'per-hu'mfm), a

Above or
To lay or

salt-water fish of many species.
Sun'flow'er (sun'flou'er), n. A plant,

flower is a large disk with yellow rays, turning

to the sun.
Sung, imp. & p. p. of Sing.
Sunk, imp. & p. p. of Sink.
Sunk' en (sunk"n), a. Lying on the bottom of

the water ; sunk. beyond what is human ; divine.

Sun'less (sun'les), a. Destitute of the sun or its Su'per-im-pose' (su'per-Tm-poz'), v. t.

rays. impose on something else.

Sun'light' (sunlit'), n. The light of the sun. I Su'per-in-cum'bent ( su/per-Tn-kum'bent ),
Sun'ny (sun'ny), a. [Sunnier ; Sunniest.] Per- 1 Lying or resting on something else.

taining to, resembling, exposed to, or colored Su'per-in-duce' (su'per-Tn-dus'), v. t. [St

by, the sun. I duced (-dust') ; Superinducing.] To bring in,

Sun'rise7 (sun'riz'), Sun'ri^ing (-Tng), n. First \ or upon, as an addition to something. — Su'per-

appearance of the sun above the horizon in the | ln-duc'tion (-duk'shQn), n. A superinducing.

morning ; the east. Su'per-in-tend' (su'per-Tn-tend'), v. t. To have

Sun'set' (sun'set/), Sun'set'ting (-ting), n. The! charge and oversight of; to direct. — Su'per-

descent of the sun below the horizon ; evening ; j in-tend'ent, n. An inspector ; an overseer ; a

the west. j director. — Su^er-in-tend'ence (-ens), Su'per-

Sun'shine7 (sun'shln'), n. The light of the sun, | in-tend'en-cy (-en-sy), n. Inspection ; over-

or place where it shines ; illumination by rays ] sight ; care ; control.

of the sun. Su-pe'ri-or (su-pe'rT-er), a. More elevated ;

Sun'Stroke' (siin'strok'), n. An affection pro- , higher ; upper ; preferable. — ft. One more

duced by the action of the sun; esp., sudden i advanced in age, in rank or office, or in dignity,

prostration, with symptoms like apoplexy, oc- j excellence, etc. ; the chief of a monastery, con-

Pre-

casioned by exposure to excessive heat,
Sup (sup), v. t. [Supped (siipt) ; Supping.] To

take (liquid) into the mouth with the lips ; to

sip. — v. i. To eat the evening meal; to rake

supper. — n. A mouthful of liquor, broth, etc. I
Su'per-a-ble (su'per-a-b'l), a. Capable of being j

overcome.
Su/per-a-bound'(su/per-a-bound,),'?;.i. To be very

abundant. — Su'per-a-bun'dance (-bun'dans), '

n. A being superabundant ; more than enough.

— Su'per-a-bun'dant ( •dant), a. Abounding to Su-per'nal (su-per'nal), a. Relating to things

excess. — Su'per-a-bun'dant-ly, adv. j above ; celestial ; heavenly.

Su'per-add' (su'pSr-Sd'), V. t. To add over and Su'per-na'tant (su'per-na'tont), a. Swimming

above ; to add something extrinsic. — Su'per- above ; floating on the surface.

ad-di'tion (-dish'iin), n. An adding something Su per-nat'U-ral (su/per-nat'u-ral), a. Being be-

vent, etc. — Su-pe'ri-or'i-ty (-or'T-ty),
eminence ; ascendency ; advantage.
Su-per'la-tive (su-perla-tiv), a. Most eminent ;
surpassing all other ; supreme ; expressing the
highest degree of a quality, among objects com-
pared. — n. That which is highest ; in gram-
mar, the highest degree of comparison of adjec-
tives and adverbs ; a word in the superlative
degree. — Su-perla-tive-ly, adv. — Su-per'la-
tive-ness,

extraneous ; thing which is added.

Su'per-an'nu-ate (su'per-Sn'u-at), V. t. To im-
pair by old age and infirmity. — Su'per-an'nu-
a'tion (-a'shtin), n. Disqualification by old
age ; decrepitude.

Su-perV (su-perb'), a. Grand ; magnificent ;
elegant ; showy ; pompous. — Su-perb'ly, adv.

Su'per-car'gO (su'per-kar'go), n. A person in a
merchant ship, who manages sales and superin-
tends the commercial concerns of the voyage.

Su'per-cil'i-OUS (su'per-sTl'T-us), a. Lofty with
pride ; haughty ; overbearing. — Su'per-cil'i-
ous-ly, adv. — Su'per-cil'i-ous-ness, n.

Su'per-em'1-nent (su'per-em'T-nent), a. Eminent
in a superior degree ; surpassing others. — Su'-

per-em'i-nence (-Y-nens), Su'per-em'i-nen-cy

(-nrn-sy), n. — Su'per-em/I-nent-ly, adv.
Su'per-er'O-gate (su'jier-gr'o-gat), r. i. To do
more than duty requires. — Su'per-er o-ga'-
tion (-ga'shun), v. A Bupererogating. — Su'-
per-e-rog'a-to-ry (-e-rBg'a-to-ry), a. Exceeding
the demands of duty or necessity.

yond, or exceeding, the powers or laws of na-
ture ; miraculous ; preternatural. — Su'per-
nat'u-ral-ly, adv.

Su'per-nU'mer-a-ry (su'per-nu'nier-a-ry), a. Ex-
ceeding tlie number necessary, usual, or re-
quired. — n. A person or thing beyond what is
necessary or usual ; esp. , one employed to fill
the place of another.

Su'per-scribe' ( sii ' per - skrib ' ), v. t. [Super-
scribed (-skribd') ; Superscribing.] To write
on the top or on the outside or cover of. — Su'-
per-scrip'tion (-akrlp'shttn), n. A superscrib-
ing ; an inscription on or above something else.

Su'per-sede' (su'per-sed'), v. i. To take the
place of ; to displace ; to set aside ; to render
unnecessary. — Su'per-se'dure (-se'dur), n. A
superseding.

Super-Sti'tion (sn'pSr-stTsh'Hn), v. An excess-
ive exactness or rigor in religion ; false religion ;

fanaticism. — Su'per-sti'tious ( -stTshTis ), a.
Addicted to, or proceeding from, superstition ;
full of idle fancies.

a, ©, I, o, u, long ; a, v, I, 5, u, y, short ; senate, even c, tdea, 6 bey , unite, care, arm,

all, final

SUPERSTRATUM

429

SURGE

Su'per-Stra'tum (su'per-stra'tiim), n. ; pi. Super-
strata (-ta). A stratum or layer above another.

Su'per-struc'tion (su/per-sti-uk'shun), Super-
structure (-tur), n. A structure built on
something else ; a building on a foundation.

Su per-vene' (su'per-ven'), v. i. [Supervened
(-vend') ; Supervening.] To come upon (some-
thing extraneous) ; to take place ; to happen. —
Su per-ven'ient (-ven'yeut), a. Added; addi-
tional. — Su per-ven'tion (-ven'shun), ». A
supervening.

Su'per-vise' (sS'per-viz'), v. t. [Supervised
(-vlzd') ; Supervising.] To oversee and direct ;
to superintend ; to inspect. — Su ' per - vis ' al
( -viz'al ), Su per-vi'sion ( -vizh'un ), n. An
overseeing ; superintendence. — Su'per-vis'or
( -vizier ), n. — Su per-vi'SO-ry ( -vi'zo-ry ), a.
Pertaining to, or having, supervision.

Stt'pi-na'tion (su'pl-na'shun), n. A lying with
the face upward.

Su'pine (su'pin), n. A verbal noun.

Su-pine' (su-pin'), a. Lying on the back ; indo-
lent ; inattentive ; listless ; careless. — Su-
pine'ly, adv. — Su-pine'ness, n.

Sup'per (sup'per), n. A meal at the close of the
day. — Sup'per-less, a. Wanting supper.

Sup-plant' (sup-plant'), v. t. To remove or dis-
place by stratagem ; to take the place of ; to
undermine ; to supersede. — Sup-plant'er. n. —
Sup plau-ta'tion (sup/plan-ta'shun), n. A sup-
pl.mting.

Sup'ple (supVl), a. Easily bent ; pliant ; flex-
ible ; yielding ; fawning ; soft. — v. t. [Suppled
(-p'ld) ; Suppling.] To make pliant or submis-
sive. — Sup'ple-ness, n.

Sup'ple-meut (sup'ple-in^nt), n. That which fills
up or perfects something to which it is added ;
an addition. — v. t. To fill up by additions ; to
add to. — Sup'ple-men'tal (sup/ple-nign'tal),
Sup'ple-m&n'ta-ry (-ta-ry), a. Additional.—
Sup'ple-tive (-tiv), Sup'ple-to-ry (-to-ry), a.
Supplying what is lacking ; supplemental.

Sup'pli-ant (sup'plwrat), a. Supplicating ; ask-
ing earnestly and submissively; imploring. — n.
A humble petitioner. — Sup'pli-ant-ly, adv.

Sup'pli-cant (sup'plT-kant), n. One who suppli-
cates. — Sup'pll-cate (-kat), v. I. &u To en-
treat for ; to address in prayer ; to beseech ; to
beg ; to solicit ; to crave. — Sup'pli-ca'tion
(-ka'shun), n. A supplicating; humble and
earnest prayer; petition. — Sup'pli-ca-tO-ry
(-ka-to-ry), a. Containing supplication.

Sup-ply' (sup-pli'), v. t. [Supplied (-plid') ; Sup-
plying.] To fill up ; to provide ; to minister ;
to yield. — n. Sufficiency for use or want; pi.
the food, etc., which meets daily necessities;
store. — Sup-pli' er, n.

Sup-port' (sup-port'), r. t. To prop ; to sustain ;
to endure ; to substantiate ; to help ; to back ;
to succor ; to favor ; to nourish ; to defend ; to
stay : to forward. — n. A supporting ; a stay ;
a prop ; assistance ; favor ; encouragement ;
patronage ; aid ; help ; nutriment ; lostenaitoe ;
food. — Sup-port'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of
being supported, borne, or sustained ; endur-
able ; tolerable. — Sup-port'er, n.

Sup-pose' (siip-poz'), *•. t. [Supposed (-pozd') ;
Supposing.] To admit without proof; to re-
ceive as true ; to conclude ; to judge ; to con-
sider ; to assume. — >•. i. To make supposition ;
to think. — Sup-pos'a-ble, a. Capable of being

supposed ; imaginable. — Sup-pos'er, n. — Sup-
pos'al (-al), Sup po-si'tion (-zlsh'un), n. A
supposing ; thing supposed ; hypothesis. — Sup'-
po-si'tion-al (-al), a. Hypothetical. — Sup-
pos'i-tive (-ttv), a. Including or implying
supposition. — Sup-pos'i-tive-ly. adv.

Sup-pOS'i-ti'tiOUS (sup-poVi-tloh'us), a. Put by
trick in the place of another ; spurious ; coun-
terfeit. — Sup-posi-ti'tious-ly ( -tlsh'us-ly ),
adv. — Sup-pos'i-ti'tious-ness (-tlsh'us-ngs), n.

Sup-press' (sup-pres'), v. t. [Suppressed
(-presf) ; Suppressing.] To overpower and
crush ; to put down ; to restrain from utter-
ance ; to conceal ; to stifle ; to smother. — Sup-
press'or (-er), n. — Sup-pres'sion (-prSsh'un),

I n. A suppressing ; stoppage ; obstruction ; con-
cealment. — Sup-press'ive (-1 v), a. Tending to

! suppress ; concealing.

Sup'pu-rate (sup'pu-rat), v. i. & t. To generate
pus. — Sup'pu-ra'tiOU (-ra'shun), n. A suppu-
rating ; pus ; matter produced by suppuration.
— Sup'pu-ra-tive (sup'pu-ra-tiv), a. Tending
to suppurate ; promoting suppuration. — n. A
medicine that promotes suppuration.

Su pra-mun'dane (su'pra-inun'dan), a. Above
the world.

Su-preme' (su-preui'), a. Holding the highest
place ; greatest ; most excellent. — Su-preme7-
ly, adv. — Su-prem'a-cy (-prem'a-sy), n. State
of being supreme ; higher power.

Su'rah (sob'ra), n. A French twilled silk for
dresses, etc.

Sur'base' (sQr'baV), n. A cornice or series of
moldings on the base of a pedestal, etc.

Sur-charge' (sUr-charj'), v. t. To overload ; to
overburden. — n. An excessive load or burden.

Sur'cin'gle (sur'sin'g'l), n. A belt or girth over
a saddle.

Surd (sfird), a. Not capable of being mathemat-
ically expressed in rational numbers ; not so-
nant; toneless; whispered. — n. A mathe-
matical quantity which cannot be expressed by
rational numbers.

Sure (shur), a. Certainly knowing and believ-
ing ; confident ; unfailing ; safe ; firm ; strong ;
secure ; positive, —adv. Certainly ; doubtless ;
surely. — TO be sure, or Be sure. Certainly ;
without doubt. — To make sure. To make
certain. — Sure'-foot'ed (-footed), a. Not apt
to stumble or fall. — Surely, adv. In a sure
manner ; certaiidy ; undoubtedly ; steadily. —
Sure'ness (shur'-), n.

Sure'ty (shur'ty), n. State of being sure ; cer-
tainty ; ground of confidence ; security against
loss or damage ; one who answers for another's
appearance in court, his payment of a debt, etc. ;
a bondsman ; a bail. — Sure'ty-sMp, n. State
of being surety ; obligation to answer for an-
other.
i Surf (sfirf), n. Continuous swell of the sea upon
| the shore, or upon sandbanks or rocks.

Sur'face (sur'fas), n. The exterior part of a
tiling ; superficies ; outside ; external appear-
ance ; the geometrical magnitude that has
length and breadth without thickness.

Sur'feit (sfir'fn). v. t. & i. To overfeed ; to cloy ;
to sicken. — n. Excess in eating and drinking ;
disgust caused by excess ; satiety.

Surge i-flrj), n. A large wave or billow. — v. i.
[Surged ; Surging.] To swell ; to rise high and
roll, as waves.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SURGEON

430

SWADDLE

Sur'geon (sGr'jun), n. One who practices sur-
gery. — Sur'ger-y (-jer-y), n. A healing dis-
eases or injuries of the body by manual oper-
ations ; a place where surgical operations are
performed, or medicines prepared. — Sui'gi-cal
(-ji-kal), a. Pertaining to surgeons or surgery.

Sur'lain/ (sGr'loin'), n. A loin of beef.

Sur'ly (sGr'l^), a. [Surlier (-lT-er) ; Surliest.]
Gloomily morose ; ill-natured and rude. — Sur'-
li-ly, adv. — SurOi-ness, n.

Sur-mise' (sGr-miz'), v. t. [Surmised (-mizd') ;
Surmising.] To imagine without certain knowl-
edge ; to suppose, —n. Conjecture; supposi-
tion. — Sur-mis'er, n.

Sur-mount' (stir-mount'), v. t. To rise above, or
higher than ; to surpass ; to exceed ; to con-
quer; to subdue. — Sur-mount'a-ble, a. Ca-
pable of being surmounted. — Sur-mount/er, n.

Sul'name' (sGi'nain'), n. A name added to the
baptismal or Christian name ; a family name. —
Sur-name' (sGr-nani' or sGr'nam), v. t. To call
by an appellation added to the original name.

Surpass' (sGr-pas'), v. t. To go beyond ; to ex-
ceed ; to excel ; to outstrip. — SuT-pass'a-ble,
a. Capable of being surpassed. — Sur-pass'ing,
a. Very excellent ; exceeding others.

SUT'plice (sGr'plis), n. A clergyman's white
garment worn over another dress.

Sur'plus (sGr'pltis), n. That which remains when
use is satisfied ; excess. — Sur'plUS-age (-aj),
n. Surplus ; matter in legal pleading not nec-
essary to the case, and which may be rejected.

Sur-priS'al (sGr-prlz'al), n. A surprising, or
state of being surprised. — Sur-prise' (-priz'),
v. t. [Surprised (-prlzd') ; Surprising.] To
come or fall upon suddenly and unexpectedly ;
to strike with wonder ; to confuse, —m. A sur-
prising ; wonder ; astonishment. — Sur-pris'-
ing, a. Wonderful. — Sur-pris'illg-ly, adv.

Sur-ren'der (snr-rSn'der), v. t. & i. [Surren-
dered (-derd); Surrendering.] To yield; to
give up; to resign, —n. A surrendering; a
yielding one's person, or possession of some-
thing, into the power of another.

Sur'rep-tl'tious (sur'rep-tish'us), a. Done by
stealth or fraud. — Sur'rep-ti'tiOUS-ly, adv.

Sltf'ro-gate (sur'ro-gat), n. A deputy ; a dele-
gate ; an officer charged with the probate of
wills and settlement of estates.

Sur-round' (stir-round'), v. t. To inclose on all
sides ; to encompass ; to hem in ; to fence
about. — Sur-round'ing, n. An encompassing ;
pi. external or attending circumstances.

Sur-sol'id (sGr-sol'Td), n. The fifth power of a
number.

Sur-tout' (sGr-toot'), n. An overcoat.

Sur-veil'lance (sGr-val'yans or -va'lans), n. [F.]
Watch ; inspection ; espionage.

Sur-vey' (sur-va'), v. t. [Surveyed (-vad') ; Sur-
veying.] To inspect or view attentively; to
examine with reference to condition and value ;
to determine the form, extent, position, etc., of
(a tract of land, coast, harbor, etc.) by measure-
ments. — Sur'vey (sGr'va or sur-va'), n. A gen-
eral view ; an examination; a review; a retro-
spect; a finding the contour, dimensions, etc.,
of any part of the earth's surface ; a plan and
description of any line or portion of country. —
Sur-vey'ing, n. Mathematical art or process
of measuring and delineating tracts of land. —
Sur-vey'or, n

Sur-ViV'al (sur-vlv'al), n. A living longer than
another person or event. — Sur-VXVe/ (-viv'),
v. t. [Survived (-vivd') ; Surviving.] To live
beyond the lite or existence of ; to outlive. —
v. i. To remain alive ; to continue to live. —
Sur-viv'or (-er), n. — Sur-viv'or-ship, n.
State of being a survivor ; legal right of a joint
tenant, or other person having a joint interest
in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the
death of the other.

Sus-cep'ti-ble (sus-sep'tT-b'l), a. Capable of re-
ceiving impressions ; tender. — Sus-cep'ti-bil'-
i-ty (-bll'i-ty), a.

Sus-cep'tive ( sus-sgp'tiv ), a. Capable of ad-
mitting ; readily admitting. — SuS'cep-tiv'i-ty
(sus'sep-tiv'i-ty), n. Capacity of admitting.

Sus-cip'i-ent (sus-sip'T-ent), a. Receiving ; ad-
mitting. — n. One who admits.

Sus-pect' (sus-pekf), v. t. To imagine to exist ;
to mistrust ; to surmise ; to doubt. — v. i. To
have a suspicion.

Sus-pend' (sus-pgnd'), v. t. To attach to some-
thing above ; to stop for a time ; to hinder from
proceeding, or from enjoyment of a privilege,
execution of an office, or use of an income,
etc. ; to delay ; to stay ; to debar. — v. i. To
cease from operation ; esp., to stop payment.
— Sus-pend'er, n. One that suspends ; pi.
straps for holding up pantaloons ; braces.
\_U. S.~\ — Sus-pense' (-pSns'), n. A state of
uncertainty ; indecision ; cessation ; stop. —
SuS-pen'sion (-pen'slmn), n. A suspending;
temporary cessation (of labor, judgment, pay-
ment, punishment, etc.). — Sus-pen'SO-ry (-so-
ry), a. Suspended; hanging; suspending. — n.
That which suspends ; a bandage.

Sus-pi'cion ( sus-plsh'un ), n. A suspecting ;
jealousy ; distrust ; doubt. — SuS-pi'CiOUS (-us),
a. Inclined to suspect ; causing suspicion ;
doubtful ; questionable. —Sus-pi'ci0US-ly, adv.

Sus-pir'al (sus-plr'ol), n. A breathing hole ; a
vent. — Sus'pi-ra'tion (sus'pT-ra'shun), n. A
sigh. — Sus-pire' (sus-pir'), v. i. To fetch a
long, deep breath ; to sigh.

Sus-tain' (sus-tan'), v. t. [Sustained (-tand') ;
Sustaining.] To keep from falling; to main-
tain ; to nourish ; to suffer ; to prove ; to estab-
lish by evidence. — Sus-tain'a-ble, a. Capable
of being sustained. — Sus-taill'er, n. — Sus'te-
nance (sfis'te-nans), n. A sustaining ; support ;
food; provisions. — Sus ten-ta'tion (sus'tgn-
ta'shun), n. Support ; use of food ; the main-
tenance of life.

Sut'ler (sut'ler), n. A trader who follows an
army, selling the troops provisions, liquors, etc.

Sut-tee' (sut-te'), n. A Hindoo widow who im-
molates herself on her husband's funeral pile ;
the. burning a widow on the funeral pile. —
Sut-tee'ism ( -Tz'm ), n. Self-immolation of
Hindoo widows.

Su'ture (sii'tur), n. A sewing ; line along which
two parts are sewed together or united ; the
seam uniting the bones of the skull or the
valves of a silique or seed pod of a plant.

Su'ze-rain (su'se-rSn), n. A superior lord. —
Su'ze-rain-ty (-ty), n. Dominion of a suze-
rain ; paramount authority.

Swab (sw5b), v. A mop : a bit of sponge, cloth,
etc., to cleanse the mouth. — v. t. [Swabbed
(sw5bd) ; Swabbing.] To clean with a swab.

Swad'dle (BwBd'dl), v. t. [Swaddled (-d'ld) ;

a, e, 1, 5, fl, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, iirm, ask, all, final,

SWAG

431

SWEETMEAT

Swaddling.] To bind with a bandage; to
swathe (an infant). — n. Clothes bound tight
round the body.

Swag (swag), v. i. [Swagged (swagd) ; Swag-
ging.] To sink down by its weight ; to lean.

Swage (swaj), n. A tool for shaping metal
work. — v. t. & i. [Swaged (swajd) ; Swaging
(swa'jTng).] To shape by a swage ; to fashion
(iron) by drawing it into a mold having the re-
quired shape.

Swag'ger (swag'ger). v. i. [Swaggered (-gerd) ;
Swaggering.] To brag noisily ; to bluster ; to
bully. — a. Boastfulness or insolence of man-
ner. — Swag'ger-er, n.

Swag'gy (swag'gy), a. Hanging or leaning by
its weight.

Swain (swan), n. A rustic ; a country lover.

Swale ( swal ), n. A tract of low and usually
wet laud. — v. I. & i. To melt and run, as a
candle.

Swallow (swol'lo), n. A small, swift-flying, in-
sect-eating bird. —
Swal'low- tailed'
(-tald'), a. Like a swal-
low's tail in form ; hav-
ing narrow and tapering
or pointed skirts.

Swal'lOW (swol'io), v. t.
[Swallowed ( - 1 o d ) ;
S v> allowing. ] To take
into tne stomach ; to
draw into an abyss or
gulf; to receive (opin- American Barn Swallow,
ions) without examina-
tion or scruple ; to seize and waste ; to retract ;
to recant. — n. The gullet ; the throat ; as
much as is swallowed at once.

Swam, imp. of Swim.

Swamp (swSmp), n. Low ground filled with
water, or wet and spongy. — v. t. [Swamped
(swomt) ; Swamping.] To plunge or sink in a
swamp ; to overset or fill (a boat) ; to plunge
into inextricable difficulties. — Swamp'y (-f),
a. Consisting of swamp ; like a swamp.

Swan (sw5u), n. A large web-footed bird, like

Trim

the goose, but handsomer, larger, and stronger.

— Swan's'-down' (sw5nz'doun'), n. A soft,
thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton.

— Swan'skin' (-skin'), «• A soft flannel.
Swap (sw5p), v. t. [Swapped (swgpt) ; Swap-
ping.] To exchange ; to swop. — n. An ex-
change ; barter. [Colloq.']

Sward (sward), n. The grassy surface of land;
turf. — v. t. To cover with sward.

Sware, imp. of Swear.

Swarm (swarm), n. A multitude, esp. of beea
or moving'insects ; a crowd. — v. i. [Swarmed
(swarmd) ; Swarming.] To leave a hive in a
body, as bees ; to collect in a crowd ; to throng ;
to abound ; to climb (a tree) by embracing it
with arms and legs, and scrambling ; to shin.

Swart (swart), Swarth (swarth), Swarth'y (-y),
a. Of a dark hue r complexion ; black ; tawny.

— Swarthl-ly, adv. — Swarthl-ness, n.
Swash (swosh), n. A swaggering fellow ; a

dashing of water; a narrow channel of water
within a sandbank, or between that and the
shore. — v. i. To bluster ; to dash or flow
noisily, as water ; to splash.

Swath (swath), n. A band or fillet; a line of
grain cut by the scythe ; the sweep of a scythe.

Swathe ( swath ), v. t. [Swathed (swathd) ;
Swathing.] To bind with a swath, band,
bandage, or rollers. — n. A bandage.

Sway (swa), v. t. & i. [Swayed (swad) ; Sway-
ing.] To move, influence, direct, or govern;
to incline to one side ; to swing ; to wave. — ra.
Power ; weight ; authority ; control ; influence.

Swear (swSr), v. i. limp. Swore (swor) (formerly
Sware (swar)) ; p. p. Sworn (sworn) ; p. pr.
Swearing.] To affirm, with an appeal to God
for the truth of what is affirmed ; to give legal
evidence on oath ; to use the name of God or
sacred things profanely. — v. t. To utter with
a solemn appeal to God ; to take or administer
a legal oath. — Swear'er, n.

Sweat (swet), n. Moisture issuing from the
pores of an animal ; perspiration ; labor ; toil.
—v. i. [Sweat or Sweated ; Sweating.] To
excrete moisture from the skin ; to labor. — r. t.
To emit from the pores ; to exude. — Sweat'er,
n. — Sweat'y (-y), a. [Sweatier ; Sweatiest.]
Moist with, consisting of, or causing, sweat;
toilsome ; difficult.

Swedish (sweMTsh), a. Of or pertaining to
Sweden, —n. The language of the Swedes.

Sweep (swep), v. 1. [Swept (swgpt) ; Sweeping.]
To clean with a broom or brush ; to drive or
carry along forcibly or with a swinging or drag-
ging motion ; to pass rapidly over, as with the
eye, a telescope, etc. — v. i. To pass with swift-
ness and violence, or with pomp. — n. A sweep-
ing ; comprehensiveness ; reach ; compass of a
stroke ; motion ; general destruction ; one who
sweeps ; a sweeper. — Sweep'er, n. — Sweep'-
lngS, n. pi. Things collected by sweeping;
rubbish. — Sweep'stakes' (-staks'), n. sing, or
pi. The whole amount staked or won at a race.

Sweet (swet), a. Having a taste or flavor resem-
bling that of honey or sugar ; pleasing to any
sense ; fragrant; soft; melodious ; beautiful. —
n. That which is sweet or pleasant. — Sweetly,
adv. — Sweet'ness, v. — Sweet'ish, a. Some-
what sweet. — Sweet'-bread' (-brgd'), ?>. The
pancreas of an animal. — Sweet'bri'er (-brFer),
n. A fragrant shrubby plant of the rose kind.

— Sweet'en (awSf n), v. t. [Sweetened (-'ml) ;
Sweetening.] To make sweet, pleasing, mild,
delicate, pure, etc. ; to restore to purity. — V. ?.
To become sweet. — Sweet'en-er, n. — Sweet'-
heart' (-had/), n. A lover or mistress. —
Sweeting, n. A sweet apple. — Sweet'meat'
(-met'), n. Fruit preserved with sugar.

fSrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tnin.

SWELL

432

SYLLABIFY

Swell (swgl), v. i. [imp. Swelled (sweld) ; p. p.
Swelled or Swollen (swol''n) ; p. pr. Swell-
ing.] To grow larger ; to dilate ; to extend ; to
be inflated or puffed up ; to strut or swagger. —
V. L To increase the size of ; to heighten ; to
aggravate. — n. A swelling ; increase ; ascent ;
a wave or billow ; a boastful person ; a fop or
dandy. —a. Showy; dandified. — Swell'ing,
n. A protuberance ; prominence ; a tumor.

Swel'ter (swel'ter), v . i. [Swelteked (-terd) ;
Sweltering.] To be overcome with heat.

Swept, imp. & p. p. of Sweep.

Swerve ( swerv ), v. i. [Swerved ( swervd ) ;
Swerving.] To wander ; to deviate.

Swilt ( swift ), a. Moving quickly ; ready ;
prompt ; rapid ;
expeditious. — n.
A bird of the swal-
low kind ; a spe-
cies of lizard. —
Swift'ly, adv. —
Swift'ness, n.

Swig (swig), v. I.
& i. [Swigged
(swigd) ; Swig-
ging.] To drink
by large draughts
or greedily. — n.
A large draught.
[Colloq.~]

Swill (swil), v. t.
& i. [Swilled
(swild) ; Swill-
ing.] To drink
grossly or greed-
ily. — n. Large
draughts of liq-
uor ; wash or food for swine. — Swill'er, n.

Swim (swim), v. i. [imp. Swam (swam) or Swum
(swum) ; p. p. Swum ; p. pr. Swimming.] To
float or move in water ; to glide along smooth-
ly ; to be dizzy ; to be overflowed or drenched ;
to abound, — v. t. To pass or move over, or
on, by swimming; to make to float. — n. A
swimming ; a gliding motion ; the time or dis-
tance one swims ; the air bladder of a fish. —
Swim'mer, n. — Swim'ming-ly, adv. In an
easy, gliding manner ; smoothly ; successfully.

Swin'dle (swin'd'l), v. t. [Swindled (-d'ld) ;
Swindling (-dling).] To cheat or defraud. — n.
A swindling. — Swin'dler, n.

Swine (swin), n. sing. & pi. A hog or hogs ; —the
male is called bom; the female sow. — Swine'-
herd' (swin'herd'), n. A keeper of swine. —
Swine'pox' (-poks'), n. A variety of chicken-
pox. — Swin'ish, a. Befitting swine ; gross ;
filthy; brutal.

Swing (swing), v. i. [Swung (swung) ; Swing-
ing.] To move to and fro, as a body suspended
in the air ; to wave ; to vibrate. — n. A swing-
ing ; vibration ; oscillation ; a cord or other thing
suspended, upon which anything may swing ;
power of a body put in motion ; unrestrained
liberty or license ; tendency.

Swinge (swTnj), v.t. [Swinged (swYnjd) ; Swinge-
ing.] To beat .soundly ; to whip ; to chastise. —
Swinge'ing (swTnj'TngV/. Huge; very large.

Swin'glo (swTn'g'l), V. /. To clenn (flax) by
beating; to cutoff the tops of (weeds) without
pulling up the roots, — n. A wooden instru-
ment like a large knife, used for cleaning flax

European Swift ; b American
Chimney Swiit.

Swin'ish, a. See under Swine, n.

Swirl (swerl), 11. An eddy, as of water, wind, or
snow ; a whirl.

Swiss (swTs), n. sing. & pi. A native or inhabi-
tant of Switzerland ; the people of Switzerland.

— a. Pertaining to Switzerland.

Switch (swich), n. A flexible twig or rod ; a
movable part of two opposite rails on a railroad,
for transferring a car from one track to another ;
a shunt ; a device for shifting an electric cur-
rent to another circuit ; a tress of false hair. —
v. t. [Switched (swlcht) ; Switching.] To
strike with a switch ; to lash ; to turn from
one railroad track to another. — Switch/man
(-man), n. ; pi. Switchmen (-men). One who
tends a railroad switch.

Swiv'el (sw!v"l), n. A ring,
link, or staple, that turns on
a pin or neck; a small cannon Swivel and Chain,
fixed in a swivel or socket, or
turning on a pivot, —v. i. To turn on a staple,
pin, or pivot.

Swob, n. & v. Same as Swab.

Swoll'en (swol"n), Swoln, p. p. of Swell^

Swoon ( swoon ), v. i. [Swooned ( swoond ) ;
Swooning.] To sink into a fainting fit ; to
faint. — m. A fainting fit ; syncope.

Swoop (swoop), v. I. & i. [Swooped (swoopt) ;
Swooping.] To fall upon and seize suddenly.

— n. A pouncing and seizing.

Swop (swop), v. I. & n. Same as Swap.

Sword (sord), n. A weapon for cutting or thrust-
ing ; the military power of a country. — Sword'-
fish' (sord'fish/), n. A large sea fish of the
mackerel kind, having the upper jaw elongated
into a sword-shaped process. — Swords'man
(sordz'mon), n. ; pi. Swordsmen. One skilled
in using the sword.

Swore, Sworn. See Swear.

Swum, imp. & p. p. of Swim.

Swung, imp & p. p. of Swing.

Syb'a-rite (sTb'a-rlt), n. One devoted to luxury

and pleasure. — Syb'a-rit'ic (-nt'ik), Syb'a-

rit'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Luxurious ; wanton.
Syc'a-mine (sTk'a-nnn), n. A large kind of fig

tree, of Egypt and Syria.
Syc'a-more ( sik'a-mor ), n. The sycamine ; in

America, the plane tree or but-

tonwood ; in England, a large

maple.
Syc'O-phant (slk'6-fflnt), n. A

parasite ; a mean flatterer. —

Syc'o-phan-cy ( sTk'6-ivm-by ),

n. Character of a sycophant ;
obsequious flattery ; servility. —
Syc'o-phan'tic (-fSn'tTk), SyC-

O-phan'tiC-al (-Y-k«l), a. Obse- Sycamore,
quiously flattering ; parasitic.

Sy'e-nite (si'e-nit), n. A crystalline rock which
differs from granite in containing hornblende in
place of mica. — Sy'e-nit'ic (.-ntt'Tk), a. Re-
lating to, or like, syenite.

Syl'la-ble (sTl'la-b'l), n. An elementary sound
or combination of sounds uttered together, or
at a single impulse of the voice, and constitu-
ting a word or a part of a word ; in writing and
printing, a part of a word separated from the
rest. - Syl-lab'ic ( sTi-iai/Tk ), Syl-lab'ic-al

(-T-k<7l), a, Pertaining to, or consisting of, syl-
lables. - Syl-lab'ic-al-ly, adv.- Syl-lab'i-cate
(-kat), Syl-lab'i-fy (-fi), V. t. To form or divide

it, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y , anon ; senate, $vent, idea, 6bey, finite, cftre, arm, iisk, all, final,

SYLLABICATION

433

SYSTEM

into syllables. — Syl-lab'i-ca'tion (-ka'shiin),
Syl-lab i-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'skun), re. A divid-
ing words into syllables.

Syl'la-bub (sTl'la-biib), re. Sillabub.

Syl'la-bus (sTl'la-bus), re. ; pi. E. Syllabuses
(-ez) ; L. Syllabi (-bi). A compendium of a
discourse ; an abstract.

Syl'lo-gism (sTl'lo-jTz'ni), re. The regular logical
form of every argument, consisting of three
propositions, two called the premises, and the
last the conclusion.

Syl'lO-gize (sTl'16-jiz), v. i. [Syllogized (-jizd) ;
Syllogizing.] To reason by syllogisms. — Syl'-
lo-gis'tic (-jiVtTk), SyHo-gis'tic-al (-tT-kal),
a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a syllogism,
or reasoning by syllogisms. — SyHO-gis'tic-
al-ly, adv.

Sylph (sTli ), re. A fairy inhabiting the air ; a
graceful woman. — Sylph/id, re. A little sylph.

HSyl'va (sTl'va), n. ; pi. Sylv^e (-ve). The forest
trees of a region, or a botanical description of
the forest trees of any region or country. —
Syl'van (-van), a. Pertaining to a sylva ; for-
estlike ; rustic ; abounding in forests ; woody.
— n. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr ; a
faun ; a rustic.

Sym'bol (sTm'bol), re. A representation of some-
thing moral by images of natural things; an
emblem ; a type ; a representation. — Sym'bol-
ize (-iz), v. i. & t. [Symbolized (-Izd) ; Sym-
bolizing.] To resemble or liken in properties
or qualities ; to represent by a symbol. — Sym-
bolic (siin-bol'ik), Sym-bol'iC-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to symbols ; representative. — Sym-
bol'ic-al-ly, adv. — Sym-bol'o-gy (-6-jy), n.

An expressing by symbols.

Sym.'me-try (sTm'me-try), n. Proportion of the
several parts of a body to each other or to the
whole ; harmonious proportion. — Sym-met'-
lic-al (-meVrT-kal), a. Involving or exhibiting
symmetry ; having corresponding parts or rela-
tions. — Sym-met'ric-al-ly, adv.

Sym'pa-thy (siin'pa-thy), n. Feeling correspond-
ing to that of another ; pity ; fellow-feeling ;
compassion ; tenderness ; agreement. — Sym'-
pa-thize (-tliiz), v. i. [Sympathized (-thizd) ;
Sympathizing.] To feel with or for another. —
Sym'pa-thiz'er, n. — Sym pa-thefic (-thet'Ik),
Sym pa-thet'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Inclined to, or
exhibiting, sympathy; produced by sympathy
or the influence which one part of the body ex-
erts on another. — Sym'pa-thet/ic-al-ly, adv.

Sym/phO-ny (sTm'fo-ny), n. Harmony of sounds ;
in music, an elaborate instrumental composition
for a full orchestra. — Sym-pho'ni-OUS (-fo,nT-
us), a. Agreeing in sound ; harmonious.

Sym-po'si-um. (slm-po'zT-um), re. ; pi. Symposia
(-a). A drinking together ; a feast.

Symp'tom (sTmp'tum), re. A change in the body
which indicates disease ; a mark ; a sign ; an
indication. — Symp tom-at'ic (-St'Tk), Symp'-
tom-at'ic-al (-T-kr/1), a. Pertaining, or accord-
ing, to symptoms ; indicating the existence of

something else. — Symp'tom-at'ic-al-ly, adv.

Syn-aer'e-sis (sTn-gr'e-sTs), Syn-er'e-sis, ». Con-
traction of a word by drawing into one syl-
lable two vowels that are ordinarily separated.

Syn'a-gOgue (sTn'a-g5g), re. A Jewish congrega-
tion or place of worship.

Syn'chro-nal ( sTn'kro-n«i ), Syn-chron'ic-al

(sln-kron'T-kcrl), Syn'chlO-nous, a. Happen-

ing at the same time ; simultaneous. — Syn'-
Chro-nize (sTn'kro-niz), v. i. [Synchronized
(-uizd) ; Synchronizing.] To agree in time ; to
concur. — Syn'chro-nism (-nlz'ni), re. Con-
currence of events ; tabular arrangement of his-
torical events according to their dates.
Syn'CO-pe (sin'ko-pe), re. Contraction by omit-
ting letters or a syllable from the middle of a
word ; a fainting fit ; a swoon. — Syn'CO-patd
(-pat), v. I. To contract (a word) by syncope.
— Syn'CO-pa'tioiX (-pa'shun), re. Contraction
by syncope.
Syn'diC (sTn'dTk), n. A magistrate having dif-
ferent powers in different countries ; an agent
to transact business for others. — Syn'ai-cate
(-di-kat), re. Office of a syndic ; a body of syn-
dics ; an association of persons to promote some
enterprise, financial scheme, etc.
Syn-ec'do-che (slu-ek'd6-ke), re. A rhetorical
figure which puts the whole of a thing for a
part, or a part for the whole. — Syn'ec-doch'ic-
al (sTn/Sk-dok'T-kal), a. Expressed by, or im-
plying, a synecdoche.
Syn'Od (sTn'Qd), re. An ecclesiastical meeting,
convention, or council. — Syn-Od'ic (sTn-od'Ik),
Syn-Od'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to, or
transacted in, a synod. — Syn-od'ic-al-ly, adv.
Syn'O-nym (sTn'6-uTni), re. One of two or more
words precisely or nearly equivalent to each
other in meaning. — Syn-on'y-mist (sTn-011'T-
mlst), re. One who treats of synonymous words.
— Syn-on'y-mize (-miz), v. t. [Synonymized
(-mizd); Synonymizing.] To express in differ-
ent words of the same meaning. — Syil-On/y-
mous (-mils), a. Expressing the same thing;
identical; interchangeable. — Syn-on'y-mous-
ly, adv. — Syn-on/y-my (-my), re. Quality of
being synonymous ; the rhetorical use of synon-
ymous words to amplify a discourse.
Syn-op'sis (sTn-op'sTs), re. ; pi. Synopses (-sez).
A general view ; an abridgment ; an epitome ;
an abstract. — Syn-op'tic (-tTk), Syn-op'tic-al
(-tT-kal), a. Affording a general view. — Syn-
op'tic-al-ly, adv.
l|Syn-0'vi-a (sTn-o'vT-a), re. A fluid lubricating
the joints. — Syn-O'vi-al (-al), a. Pertaining
to the synovia.
Syn'tax (sTn'taks), re. The construction of sen-
tences ; the arrangement of words in sentences
in proper relations. — Syn-tac'tiC (sTn-tak'tik),
Syn-tac'tlc-al (-tT-kal), a. Pertaining to syn-
tax ; according to rules of syntax.
Syn'the-sis ( sTn'the-sTs ), re. ; pi. Syntheses
(-sez). Composition, or the putting of two or
more things together. — Syn-thet/ic (sTn-thet'-
Tk), Syn-thet'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertaining to
synthesis; consisting in composition.
Sy'phon (sl'fSn), re. See Siphon.
Sy'ren (si'rgn), re. See Siren.
Syr'i-ac (sfi/l-Sk), a. Pertaining to Syria, or its
language. — n. The language of Syria , esp.,
the ancient language of that country.
Sy-rin/ga (sT-rTn'ga), re. A genus of plants ; the

lilac, also the mock orange.
Syr'inge (sTr'Tnj), re. A pipe for injecting liq-
uids into animal bodies, etc. — v, t. [Syringed
(-Tnjd); Syringing (-Tn-jTng).] To inject by a
syringe ; to wash by injections.
Syr/up (sTr'iip), n. See Sirup.
Sys'tem (sTs'tSm), re. A connected assemblage
of parts or things; method; order; the uni-

fers, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

SYSTEMATIZE

434

TADPOLE

verse ; the body as a functional whole. — Sys'-
tem-a-tize (-a-tiz), v. t. [Systematized (-tizd) ;
Systematizing.] To reduce to system ; to ar-
range metnodically. — Sys'tem-a-tiz'er, n. —
Sys'tem-at'ic (-at'ik), System-at/ic-al (-l-kai),

a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, system ;
methodical. — Sys tem-at'ic-al-ly, adv.
Sys'to-le (sTs'to-le), n. The shortening of a long
syllable ; the contraction of the heart and ar-
teries, forcing the blood to circulate.

T.

Tabard. King Richard HI.
of England wearing a
Tabard emblazoned with
the Royal Arms.

Tab (tab), n. A border of lace, on the inner
iront edge of a bonnet.

Tab'ard (tal/erd), n. A tunic or mantle for-
merly worn over ar-
mor.

Tab' by (taVb?), a.
Wavy or watered in
pattern ; brindled ;
diversified in color.
— n. ; pi. Tabbies
( -biz ). A kind of
waved silk; a cat of
a tabby color.

Tab'er-na-cle (taVer-
na-k'l), n. A tempo-
rary habitation ; a
tent ; a portable place
of worship used by
the Jews during the
exodus; a place for
keeping some precious
thing. — v. i. [Tab-

EBN AC LED (-k'ld) ;

Tabebnacling
(-klTug).] To dwell
temporarily.

UTa'bes (ta'bez), n. Emanation of the body,
with hectic fever. — Tab'id (tat/Td), a. Relat-
ing to, or wasted by, tabes. — Tab'id-ness, n.

Tabla-ture (tat/la-tur), n. A painting on a wall
and ceilinsr ; a picture in general.

TaT)le (ta'b'l), n. A flat-topped piece of furni-
ture ; a board ; fare ; the company-at a meal ; a
condensed statement, scheme, or synopsis.—
V. t. [Tabled (-b'ld) ; Tabling (-blTng).] To
form into a table or catalogue ; to tabulate ; to
lay on the table (or postpone consideration of),
till called for or indefinitely. — Ta'ble-Clotb'
(-kl5th'), n. A cloth for covering a table. —
Ta'ble-land' (-land'), n. Elevated flat land ;
a plateau. — Ta'ble-spoon' (-spoon'), «• One
of the laree*t spoons used at the table. — Ta'-
ble-spoon'ful (-f"l), n. ; pi. Tablespoontuls.
As much as a tablespoon will hold.

UTa'bleau' (ta'Mo' ; E. tab'loO, n. ; pi. Tableattx
(taVbld7 ; E. t5t/loz'). [F.] A representation ;
esp., a picture formed by persons grouped prop-
erly and remaining still.

liTa'ble d'aSte7 (ta'b'l dot')- [F., table of the
landlord.] A common table for guests at a
hotel ; an ordinary.

Tab'l9t (taVlet), n. A small table ; a flat sur-
face on which to write, draw, or engrave ; a
solid medicinal confection, — called also lozenge
and //

Ta-boO' (ta-boT/), n. A political or religious in-
terdict, among Pacific islanders ; a prohibition
of intercourse. — v /. [Tabooed (-bood') ; Ta-
booing.] To forbid use of.

Ta'bor (ta'ber), n. A small drum. — Tab'O-ret
(tab'o-ret), Tab'O-rine (-ren), n. A small,
shallow drum.

Tab'ou-ret (taV6o-ret), n. A stuffed stool ; an
embroidery frame.

TaVu-lar (tab'u-ler), a. Like or pertaining to a
table. — Tab'U-late (-lat), v. t. To reduce to
tables or synopses ; to shape with a flat surface.

Tac'a-ma-bac' (tak'a-ma-hak'), Tac'a-ma-ha'ca
(-ha'Aa), n. A North American tree, — com-
monly called balsam poplar ; a resin yielded by
certain plants.

Ta-cbyg'ra-pby (ta-kig'ra-ty), n. Rapid writ-
ing ; stenography ; shorthand.

Tac'it (taVTt), a. Implied, but not expressed ;
silent. — Tac'it-ly, adv. — Taciturn (-I-tflm),
a. Habitually silent ; not apt to talk ; reserved.

— Tac i-tur'ni-ty (-tGr'm-t^), n.

Tack (t5k), n. A short, sharp-pointed nail ; a
rope to confine a corner of a sail, also the part
of a sail to which the tack is fastened ; the
course of a ship in regard to the position of her
sails, — v. t.&i. [Tacked (takt); Tacking.]
To fasten or attach, esp. to secure in a slight or
hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing ; to
change the course of (a ship) by shitting the
sails and rudder. — Hard tack. A kind of
hard crackers, used for food by sailors and
soldiers.

Tac'kle (tSk'k'l), n. A machine for raising heavy
weights ; rigging and apparatus of a ship. —
v. t. [Tackled (-k'ld) ; Tackling (-klTng).]
To seize ; to lay hold of. — Tac'kling, n. Fur-
niture of the masts and yards of a ship, also of
a carriage ; harness.

Tact (t£kt), n. Peculiar skill or faculty; nice
perception ; power of doing what is required by
circumstances.

Tac'tics (tSk'tlks), 7i. The disposing military
and naval forces for battle. — Tac'tic, Tactic-
al (-tT-kerl), a. Pertaining to the art of tactics.

— Tac-tl'cian (-tlsh'au), n. One versed in
tactics ; an adroit manager.

Tac'tlle (tSk'tll), a. Capable of being touched ;
pertaining to the sense of touch. — Tac-tii'i-ty
(-tTll-ty), n. The state of being tactile. —
Tac'tion (-shun), n. A touching ; contact.

Tad'pole' (tad'pol'), n. The young of a frog ; a
polliwog.

2 o 4-

Tadpoles of Froir. 1

StllL't- Ol

2-6 Tadpoles in Successive
evelopment.

»,e, I, 5, Q, long ; a, 6, I, 5, «, y, short; senate, «vent, Idea, obey, tinite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

TAFFETA

435

TAMPER

Taf'fe-ta (tM'f*-t4), Taf'fe-ty (-#), n. A smooth
silk, bavin? a wavy luster.

Taif'rail (tSf'ral), n. The upper part of a ship's
stern ; also, the rail around it.

Taffy (tSf'iy), n. Candy made of molasses
boiled down ; flattery [Colloq.].

Tag (tag), n. A metallic point at the end of a
string ; any slight appendage ; a direction card,
or label ; a cue, or catchword ending an actor's
speech ; a play in which one person runs after
and touches another. — v. t. [Tagged (tagd) ;
Tagging (-ging).] To fit with points ; to fit
(one thing to another). — v. i. To follow
closely, like an appendage. — Tag'-rag' (-rag')?
n. The lowest class of people ; the rabble.

Tall (tal), n. The appendage terminating an an-
imal's body behind ; a downy appendage of a
seed ; the back or inferior part ; the side of a
coin opposite the head.

Tall (tal), n. In law, limitation; abridgment. —

— a. Limited; abridged. — Estate in tail.
An estate limited to certain heirs.

Tai'lor (taKer), n. One who makes men's gar-
ments. — v. i. [Tailored; Tailoring.] To
make men's clothes. — Tai'lor-ess (-83), n. A
woman who makes garments for men or boys.

— Tailor bird. A small Asi-
atic singing bird which sews
leaves together, forming nests.

Taint (taut), v. t. To impreg-
nate with extraneous matter,
esp. with something odious or
poisonous ; to sully ; to defile ;
to pollute ; to corrupt, —v. i.
To be infected. — n. Tincture ;
stain ; corruption.

Take (tak\ v. t. [imp. Took
(tdbk) ; p. p. Taken (tak'\i) ;
p. pr. Taking.] To lay hold
of ; to seize ; to receive ; to
assume (shape); to convey.—
v. i. To catch ; to fix ; to have
effect ; to please ; to go. —
n. Thing taken ; quantity
of fish caught, or of matter
put in type, at one time. —
Tak'er, n. — Tak'ing, a. Cap-
tivating ; attractive. — n. A
gaming possession ; agitation ,
excitement.

Talc (talk), n. A soft magnesian
mineral, of a soapy f^el. —
Tal-C0S6/ (tSl-kos' or tSlk'SV),
TalC'ons (tSlk'iis), a. Pertain-
ing to, or like, talc.

Tale (tal), n. Anything told; a
count; an anecdote; a story;
TaleHjear'er (-bar'er), n. One who officiously
tells tales. — Tale'bear'ing. a. Tattling. — n.
An informing officiously or maliciously.

Tal'ent (taTent), n. An ancient weight and de-
nomination of money ; intellectual ability ; gen-
ius ; faculty ; gift. — Tal'ent-ed, a. Having
talent or skill.

Tales'man (talz'man), n ; pi. Talesmen (-men).
One called to make up the number of jurors.

Tal'is-man (t51'Tz-man or tSl'Ts-), n. ; pi. Talis-
mans (-m«nz). A magical figure or charm. —
Tal' is- man' ic (-manlk), TaTis-man'ic-al
(-T-kal), a. Like a talisman ; magical.

Talk (tak), v. i. & t. [Talked (takt) ; Talking.]

Nest of Tailor
Bird.

reckoning by
a relation. —

To speak freely and familiarly ; to reason ; to
speak. — n. Familiar converse ; report ; ru-
mor ; chat ; conference ; communication. —
Talk'er, n. — Talk'a-tive (-a-tTv), a. Given
to much talking ; loquacious ; prating. — Talk'-
a-tive-ness, n.

Tall (tal), a. High in stature ; long and com-
paratively slender. — Tall'ness, n.

Tal'low (tal'16), n. The suet or fat of sheep,
oxen, etc. —v. I. [Tallowed (-16d) ; Tallow-
ing.] To grease or smear with tallow. — Tal-
low chandler. A dealer in tallow candles.

Tal'ly (tal'ly), n. / pi. Tallies (-Hz). A stick
bearing notches or scores, as marks of number ;
a match ; a mate. — v. t. & i. [Tallied (-lid) ;
Tallying.] To score with notches which corre-
spond ; to fit ; to suit ; to correspond.

TaHy-ho7 (tal'ly-lio7), inter j. & n. The hunts-
man's cry to his hounds.

Tal'mud (tSl'mud), n. A book of Hebrew laws
and traditions. — Tal'mnd-ist. n. One versed in
the Talmud. — Tal-mud/ic(-mud/ik), Tal-mud'-
ic-al (-T-kfll), a. Pertaining to the Talmud.

Tal'on (tal'un), n. The claw of a bird of prey ;
an architectural molding ; an ogee.

Tam'a-ble (tam'a-b'l), a. Capable of being
tamed or subdued.

Ta-man'du ( ta-man'du ), n. A small South
American ant-eater ; the little ant-bear.

Tnmandu.

Tam'a-rack (tam'a-rak), n. The larch, a conlf.

erous tree having deciduous leaves.
Tam'a-rind (tam'a-rind), n. A tropical tree,

yiel ling seed pods with an acid pulp.
Tam'a-risk (t5m'a-rlsk), n. A tree or shrub oi

southern climates.
Tam'boUT (tXm'boor), n. A small flat drum ; a

circular frame for working embroidery upon ; a

species of embroidery in gold and silver thr^n.d.
TaJn'bOUr-Lne/ ( tam'bodr-en' ), n. A shallow

drum, with only one skin,

played on with the hand.
Tame (tain), a. Free from

wildness and shyness ; sub-
dued ; spiritless ; dull ; flat.

— v. t. [Tamed (tamd) ;

Taming.] To reduce from

a wild to a domestic state ;

to reclaim ; to subdue ; to

conquer. — Tame'ly, adv. — Tame'ness. n.
Tam'is (tam'Ts), Tam'my (-my), n. A glazed

iroolen stuff.
Tamp (tamp), v. t. To fill up (a hole bored in a

rock for blasting) ; to compress by gentle
, Rtrokes.
Tam'per (tam'per), v. i. [Tampered (-perd)-,

Tampering.] To meddle ; to try little experi-
ments.

T.imbourine.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, amg, ink, then, thin,

TAMPION

436

TARTAR

The stopper of a can

Louisiana Tanager.

Tangent.
at Tangent 0f the
Arc ao and of the
Angle aco.

Tam'pl-On (tam'pT-un), n
non ; a plug.

Tan (tan), v. t. [Tanned (tSnd) ; Tanning.]
To convert (skins of animals) into leather ; to
brown by exposure to the sun. — v. i. To be-
come tanned. — n. The bark of the oak, and
other trees, prepared for tanning hides ; a yel-
lowish-brown color. — Tan'ner, n. — Tan'ner-y
(-y), n. Place where tanning is done.

Tan'a-ger (tan'a-jer), n. A singing bird of many
species.

Tan'dem (tau'dem), adv.
& a. [L., at length.]
One before another,as a
team of horses or riders.

— n. A vehicle for tan-
dem riders.

Tang (tang), to. A
strong or offensive
taste ; characteristic
flavor ; smack.

Tang (tang), n. A pro-
jecting part of an ob-
ject connecting it with
a handle or other part ; a tongue.

Tan'gent (tSn'jent), n. A line which touches a
curve but, when produced, , a

does not cut it. — a.
Touching. — Tan' gen -cy
(-jen-sy), n. A contact or
touching. — Tan-gen'tial
( -jgn'shal ), a. Pertaining
to, or in the direction of, a
tangent.

Tan'gi-ble ( tan'jT-b'l), a.
Perceptible by the touch ; palpable ; readily
apprehensible. — Tan'gi-bil'i-ty (-bTlT-ty), n.

Tan'gle (tan'g'l), v. t. [Tangled (-g'ld) ; Tan-
gling (-gling).] To unite or knit together con-
fusedly ; to interweave ; to entrap. — v. i. To
be united confusedly. — n. A knot of threads ;
perplexity ; a ribbonlike, edible seaweed.

Tank (tank), n. A large basin or cistern.

Tank'ard (ta'nk'erd), n. A large cup for liquors.

Tan'ner, Tan'ner-y, n. See under Tan, v. t. —
Tan'nlC (tan'nik), a. Pertaining to, or de-
rived from, tan. — Tan'nin (-nin), n. The
astringent principle of oak bark, nutgalls, etc.

Tan'sy (tan'zy), n. A very bitter plant used in
medicine and cookery.

Tan'ta-lize ( tan ' ta -liz ), v. t. [Tantalized
(-Hzd) ; Tantalizing (-li-zing).] To torment
with a prospect not realized ; to tease ; to vex.

— Tan'ta-lism (-lTz'm), Tan'ta-li-za'tion (-1T-

za'shun), n. A tantalizing.

Tan'ta-mount' ( tan'ta-mount'), a. Equivalent
in value or signification ; equal.

Tan-tiv'y (tan-tTv'y or tau'tT-vy), adv. Swiftly ;
rapidly ; — a hunting term.

Tan'trum (tSn'trttm), n. A burst of ill-humor.

Tap (tap), v. t. [Tapped (tapt) ; Tapping.] To
strike with something small, or with a gentle
blow ; to put a new sole or heel on (a shoe). —
n. A slight blow ; a patch on the bottom of a
boot or shoe.

Tap (tap), v. I. To pierce (a cask, tree, humor,
etc.), so as to let out pput-up fluid, — n. A
hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn ; a
plug for stopping a hole in a cask ; a place
where liquor is drawn for drinking ; a bar ; a
tool for cutting threads in nuts.

A narrow woven fabric for

Tapir.

Tape (tap), n.

strings, etc.

Ta'per (ta'per), n. A small candle; a gradual
diminution of thickness. — a. Regularly nar-
rowed toward the point ; conical ; pyramidical.
— v.i.&t. [Tapered (-perd) ; Tapering.] To
gradually diminish toward one end.
Tap'es-try (tap'gs-try), n. Woven hangings of

wool and silk.
Tape'wornV (tap'wGrm'), n. A many-jointed

worm, often found in the intestines.
Tap'i-O'ca (tap/i-o'ka), n. A nutritious starch

obtained from roots of a Brazilian plant.
Ta'pir (ta'per), «. A hoofed, piglike mammal,
having a short
proboscis.
Tap'pet (tap'-
pet), n. A

small lever or /~*^ ^^J^SS^

projection to ^^ ■^>>

touch some
part of a ma-
chine and reg-
ulate its mo-
tion.
Tap-root/ (tap'-
root/), n. The
root of a plant which penetrates the earth di-
rectly downward.
Tap'ster (tap'ster), n. One who draws liquors.
Tar (tar), n. A resinous substance obtained
from pine trees ; a sailor. — v. t. [Tarred
(tard) ; Tarring.] To smear with tar.
Ta-ran'tU-la (ia-ran'tu-la), n. A venomous spi-
der of southern Italy.
Tar'dy (tar'dy), a. [Tardier (-dT-er) : Tardi-
est.] Moving slowly ; late ; dilatory ; reluc-
tant. — Tar'di-ly, adv. — Tar'di-ness, n.
Tare (t3r), n. A weed ; a vetch.
Tare (tar), n. Allowance in weight or quantity

for casks, bags, etc. , in which goods are sold.
Tare (tar), obs. imp. of Tear.
Tar'get (tar'ggt), n. A small shield ; a mark to
shoot at. — Tar'get-eer', Target-ier' (-er'), n.
One armed with a target.
Tar'iff (tar'Tf ), n. A table of duties payable on

goods imported or exported.
Tar'la-tan (ttir'la-tan), n. A thin muslin for la-
dies' dresses, etc.
Tarn (tint), n. A small lake among mountains ;

a marsh ; a fen.
Tar'nish (tar'nish), v. t. & i. [Tarnished
(-nlsht) ; Tarnishing.] To soil ; to sully ; to
dim.— n. Stain ; blemish.
Tar-paulin (tar-pa/lTn), n. Canvas tarred or
otherwise made waterproof ; a waterproof hat ;
a sailor.
Tar'ry (tar'rjr), v. i. [Tarried (-rTd) ; Tarry-
ing.] To stay behind ; to delay ; to remain ; to
abide ; to loiter. — n. Stay ; stop ; delay.
Tar'ry (tar'r^), a. Consisting of, covered with,

or like, tar.
Tart (tart), a. Sharp to the taste ; acid ; severe.

— Tart'ly, adv. — Tart'ness. n.
Tart (tart), n. A small open pie ; a fruit pie.
Tar'tan (tfirtan), n. A coasting vessel used in

the Mediterranean Sea.
Tar'tan (tfirtan), v. Woolen cloth, checkered or

crossbarred in various colors.
Tar'tar (tar'ter), n. An acid salt, deposited from
wines ; argol ; a concretion on the teeth. — Tar-

a, e, S, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final

TARTAREOUS

437

TEACHING

ta're-OUS (-ta're-Qs), a. Consisting of, or like,
tartar. — Tar-tar'ic (-tar'-Ik), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, tartar. — Tar'tar-ize (-iz),
r. t. [Tartarized (-izd) ; Tart arizing.] To
impregnate with tartar ; to refine by means of
the salt of tartar.
Tar'tar (tar't'ar), n. An inhabitant of Tartary.

— To catch, a Tartar. To encounter one too
strong for the assailant.

Tar'ta-hlS (tar'ta-rus), n. In classic mythology,
the infernal regions. — Tai-ta're-an (-ta're-«u), '■
Tar-ta're-OUS ( - us ), a. Of or pertaining to j
Tartarus ; hellish.

Tart'ly, Tart'ness. See under Tart, a.

Task (task), n. Business or study imposed by
another ; toil ; drudgery. — v. t. [Tasked >
(taskt) ; Tasking.] To impose a task upon;
to burden. — Task'mas ter (-nias'ter), n. One j
who burdens with labor ; an overseer.

Tas'sel (taVal), n. A pendent ornament, ending
in fringe ; the pendent flower or head of some
plants. — v. t. [Tasseled ; Tasseling.] To
adorn with tassels.

Taste (tast), v. t. To try by the palate or touch
of the tongue ; to eat a little of ; to experience ;
to participate in. — v. i. To try food with the I
mouth ; to eat or drink ; to have a particular I
character; to partake, — n. A tasting ; relish;
flavor ; sensibility ; judgment ; nice perception,
or power of perceiving excellence ; critical
judgment ; style. — Tast'er, n. — Taste'ful
(-ful), a. Having a high relish ; savory ; ex-
hibiting grood taste ; tasty. — Taste'ful-ly, adv.

— Taste'ful-ness, n. — Tasteless (-les), a.
Having no taste ; insipid ; not fitted to give
pleasure. — Taste'less-ness, n. — Tast'y (-y),
a. [Tastier (-i-ei) ; Tastiest.] Having good
taste, or nice perception of excellence ; conform-
ing to good taste ; elegant. — Tast'My, adv.

Tat'OU-ay (tat'od-a), n. An armadillo of tropical
South America.

Tatou.iv.

Tat'ter (tat'ter), v. t. &: i. [Tattered (-terd) ;
Tattering.] To rend or tear into ragi —
A rag : a part torn and hanging. — Tat ter-de-
mal'ion (-de-inal'yun), n. A ragged fellow ; a
ragamuffin.

Tat'ting (tat'ting), n. A lace edging woven from
sewing thread. -

Tat'tle (tttt'l), v. i. [Tattled (-t'LJ); Tat-
tling.] To prate ; to use many words with little
meaning; to tell tales; to possip. — 7i. Idle
or trifling talk ; prate. — Tat'tler (-tier), n.

Tat-tOO' (tat-toc/), n. A beat of drum at night,
ordering soldiers to their quarters. — Devil's
tattoo. A drumming with the fineers or foot.

Tat-too' (tat-too'V v. t. [Tattooed (-tool') ; Tat-
tooing.] To color (the flesh) by prickiim in
dyestuffs. — n. Indelible marks pricked into
the body

Taught, imp. & p. p. of Teach.

Taunt (taut), r. <. To reproach insultingly; to
revile ; to upbraid ; to mock. — n. Upbraiding
words; insulting invective. — Taunt'er, n.

! Tau'rus (ta'riis), n. [L.] The Bull, a sign of the
zodiac. — Tau'rine (-1 in or -ren), a. Relating
to a bull, or to the common bull, ox, and cow.

Taut (tat), a. Tight ; tightly drawn or strained.

Tau-tOg' (ta-tog'), n. A food fish fotmd on the
New England coast.

Tau-tol'O-gy (ta-tol'6-jy), n. A repetition of the
same meaning in diUereut words. — Tau-tol'O-
gist (-jist), n. One who uses tautology. —
Tau to-log'ic i-loj'lk), Tau'to-log'ic-al (-I-*kal),
a. Involvmg tautology ; having the same sig-
nification.

Tav'ern (tav'ern), n. A public house for travel-
ers ; an inn ; a hotel.

Taw (ta), v. t. [Tawed (tad); Tawing.] To
dress and prepare (leather; in white, — n. A
large marble ; a game at maroles.

Taw'dry (ta'dry), a. [Tawdrier ( ta'dri.-er ) ;
Tawdriest.] Showy iu colors ; gaudy, wknout
taste. — Taw'dri-ly, adv. — Taw'drf-ness, n.

Taw'ny (ta'uy), a. [Tawndsr (-ui-ei) ; Tawni-
est.] Of a dull yellowi»h-browu color, like
tilings tanned, or sunburnt persons.

Tax (t5ks), n. A charge imposed for the support of
a government ; esp., the sum laid upon a specific
thing, as upon polls, lands, houses, income,
etc. ; a task exacted ; duty ; exaction ; demand.

— 9. t. [Taxed (tSkst) ; Taxing.] To subject
to taxes ; to lay a burden upon ; to assess ; to ac-
cuse. — Tax'a-ble, a. Capable of being taxed ;
liable to taxation. — Tax'a-bly. adv. — Tax-a'-
tion (-a'shiin), n. An imposing a tax.

Taxl-der my (taks'I-der'my), n. A preserving

the skins of animals, so as to represent their

natural appearance. — Tax'i-der mist, n. One

skilled in taxidermy. — Tax i-der'mic (-der'-

mik'i, a. Pertaining to taxidern v.
Tea (te), n. The leaves of a shrub of China and

Japan, or an infusion of its dried leaves in boil-
ing w.tter : any infusion or

decoction ; the evenin g

meal : supper. — Tea'cup7

(te'kup \. n. A small cup

for drinking tea from. —

Tea'ket tie. «. A kettle in

which water is boiled for

making tea. — Tea'pot . n.

A vessel with a spout, in

which tea is made, and

from which it is poured into

teacups. — Tea'spoon ,

n. A small spoon used in

drinking tea and other bev-

erases.— Tea'spoon ful

(-ful), n. The coat*

-:>oon, being a fluid

dram or one quarter of a

tihiespoonful. — Tea ta-
ble. A table on which tea

furniture i-
Teach (tech), v. t. [Taught ( tat ) ; Teaching.]

To inculcate as true or important : to tell; to

guide the studies of ; to counsel. — Teach'er. n.

— Teach/a-ble. a. Capable of being taueht ;
readily receiving instruction ; docile. — Teach'-
a-ble-ness. %.— Teach'ing. ». An instructing ;
education ; breeding.

Tea Plant

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TEAK

438

TELEPHONIC

Green-winged Teal.

Teak (tek), n. An East India tree, and its excel-
lent bliip timber.

Teal (tel), n. A web-footed waterfowl, like the
common
duck, but
smaller.

Team (cem),
n. Sever-
al horses,
oxen, or
other beasts
harnessed
together for
drawing ;
also, several
persons as-
sociated in
work or an
athletic contest; a gang. — Team'ster (-ster),
n. One who drives a team.

Tear (tec), n. A drop of water in the eyes, or
flowing irom them ; a drop of fluid, or a solid,
transparent drop, as of balsam or resin. —
Tear'iul (-ful), a. Shedding tears ; weeping. —
Tearless, a. Without tears.

Tear (iSr), v. t. [imp. Tore (tor) (Tare (tar),
obs.) ; p. p. Torn (torn) ; p. pr. Tearing.] To
separate by violence ; to rend ; to divide or pull
with violence. — v. i. To move and act vio-
lently ; to rage ; to rave. — n. A rent ; a fis-
sure. — Tear'er, n.

Tease (tez), v. t. [Teased (tezd) ; Teasing.] To
comb or card (as wool or flax) ; to harass, an-
no)', disturb, or irritate ; to plague ; to chagrin.

— Tease, Teas'er, n.

Tea'sel (te'z'l), n. A plant of which one species
bears a bur used for
raising a nap on wool-
en cloth ; any contriv-
ance for raising nap
on cloth. — ?>. t. [Tea-
seled (-z'ld) or Tea-
belled ; Teaseling
or Teaselling.] To
subject (woolen cloth)
to the action of tea-
sels.

Teat (tet), n. A nipple ;
a dug.

Tech'nic (tek'nik),
Tech/nic-al (-m-kai),
a. Pertaining to the
useful or mechanic
arts, or to any science,
business, or the like.

— Tech ' nic - al - ly,
adv. — Tech ' nic - al -
ness, 7?. — Tech'ni-
cal'i-ty (-k31'T-ty), n. State of being technical ;
a thing peculiar to any trade, profession, sect,
etc. — Tech'nicS, n. The doctrine of arts in
general ; technical terms or objects.

Tech-nol'0-gy (tgk-n51'o-j¥), n. A description of
useful arts; an explanation of technical terms.

— Tech-IlOl'O-gist (-jist), n. One versed in
technology. — Tech'no-log'ic (t5k'n6-15i'Tk ),
Tech/nO-log'iC-al (-T-kal), a. Of or pertaining
to technology.

Tech'y (tech'jf), a. Peevish ; fretful.
Tec-ton'ic (tgk-t5n'Tk), a. Pertaining to build-
ing or construction.

Common Teasel.

Ted (tSd), v. t. [Tedded ; Tedding.] To spread
(new-mowed grass) and scatter it for drying. —
Ted'der (-der), n. A machine to spread hay
for urying.

Ted'der (ted'der), n. A tether, securing an ani-
mal so that he may feed within its limits, —v. t.
[Teddered (-derd); Teddering.] To tie with
a tedder ; to secure within limits.

||Te/ De'um (te' de'uin). [L.] An ancient Chris-
tian hymn of thanksgiving.

Te/di-OUS (te'dl-us or teu'\ us), a. Involving te-
dium ; tiresome ; fatiguing ; dilatory ; tardy. —
Te'di-ous-ly, adv. — Te'di-ous-ness, n. — Te/-
di-um, n. Irksomeness ; wearisomeiiess.

Teem (tern), v. i. [Teemed (ten.d) ; Teeming.]
To bring lorth, as an animal ; to produce fruit,
as a plant ; to bear ; to be full to overflowing ;
to abound, —v. t. To produce ; to bring forth.

Teens (tenz), n.pl. The years of one's age hav-
ing the termination teen (from thirteen to nine-
teen).

Teeth (teth), n.,pl. of Tooth.

Teeth (teth). v. i. [Teethed (tethd) ; Teething.]
To breed teeth. — Teeth/ing, n. Dentition.

Tee-to'tal (te-to'terl), a. Entire ; total. \_Colloq.~\

— Tee-to'tal-er (-er), n. One pledged to absti-
nence from intoxicating drinks. — Tee-to'tal-
ism (-Tz'm), n. Total abstinence.

Tee-to/tum (te-to'tum), n. A child's toy ; a kind
of top, twirled by the fingers.

Teg'u-lar (tgg'u-ler), a. Pertaining to, or ar-
ranged like, tiles.

Teg'U-ment (tgg'u-ment), n. A covering; esp.,
the covering of a living body. — Teg'u-men'ta-
ry (-mgn'ta-ry), a. Pertaining to, or consisting
of, teguments.

T el' e- gram (tgl'e-grSm), n. A message by tele-
graph. — Tel'e-graph (-graf), n. An apparatus
or process for communicating intelligence rap-
idly between distant points, esp. by electricity.

— V.I.& i. [Telegraphed (-graft); Telegraph-
ing.] To announce by telegraph. — Te-leg'ra-
pher (te-lgg'ra-fer or tSl'e-graf'er), Te-leg'ra-
phlSt (te-lgg'ia-fistortel'-e-grai'ist), v. One
who operates on a telegraph. — Te-leg'ra-
phy (te-lgg'ra-fy), ??. Telegraphic construction
or communication. —
Tel'e-graph'ic (-gr5f-
Tk). Tel'e-graph'ic-al
(-T-kal), a Of, per-
taining to, or sent by,
telegraph.

Te-lep'a-thy (te-lgp'a-
thy),n. Thought trans-
ference.— Tel' e-path'-
ic (tSl'e-path'Tk), a. —
Te-lep'a-thist(te-lgp'-
a-thlst), n.

Tel'e-phone (tgi'e-fon),
n. An electro-magnetic
instrument for con-
versing over wires be-
tween distant points.

— v. t. & i. [Tele-
phoned (-fond) ; Tele-
phoning.] To s pea k
through a telephone. —
Tel e-phon'ic ( -fbn'-
Tk), a. Pertaining to,
or communicated by, n
telephone.

Telephone, n Diaphragm
..I Soft Iron ; b Bobbin ol
Insulated Copper Wire
surrounding the end of
n Steel Magnet .< : <! rf
Longitudinal Holes in
the ('use through which
the enda of the Coll l>
pass to the 1! i n il t n g
Screws <■ and tlience into
the Cord.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, I, 5, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, 8bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

TELESCOPE

439

TENDENCY

Tel'e-SCOp© ( tgl'e-skop ), n. An optical instru-
ment tor viewing distant objects. — v. t. & i.
[Telescoped (-skopt) ; Telescoping.] To slide
over or within ; to collide, as railroad cars, so
that one ruii3 into another. — Tel ' e - SCOP ' ic
(-skop'Tk), Tel'e-SCOp'ic-al (-l-kerl), a. Per-
taining to, or performed by, a telescope; dis-
coverable only by a telescope ; far-seeing ; ex-
tending by joints sliding one within another,
like the tube of a pocket telescope.

Tell (tgl), v. t. [Told (told); Telling.] To
number ; to count ; to recite in detail ; to give
an account of ; to publish ; to betray ; to dis-
cover. — v. i. To give an account ; to produce
a marked effect. — Tell'er, n. One who tells
or communicates ; an enumerator ; one who
counts money at a bank, the votes at an election,
etc. — Tell'tale' (-tal'), «• Telling tales ; bab-
bling. — n. An officious informer ; a mechan-
ical contrivance showing direction of the wind,
height of water in a tank or steam boiler, etc.

Tel-lu'rlc (tel-lu'rik), a. Pertaining to the earth
or to tellurium. — Tel-lu'rl-um (-rT-uin), n. A
metal resembling sulphur and selenium.

Tel'pher (tel'fer), n. An electric contrivance for
moving loids and vehicles. — Telpher line or
road. A line conveying electric currents which
move vehicles upon it. — Tel'pher-age (-aj), n.
Electric transportation.

Te-mer'1-ty (te-mer'T-ty), n. Rashness.

Tem'per (tgm'per), v. t. [Tempered (-perd) ;
Tempering.] To mingle in due proportion ; to
mo lify (by adding some new element); to
soften ; to bring to a proper hardness. — n.
Due mixture of qualities ; temperament ; con-
stitution of the mind ; moderation ; passion ;
proneness to anger ; state of a metal as to hard-
ness, etc. — Tem'per-a-ment (-a-ment), n. In-
ternal constitution ; temperature ; a tempering
or modifying ; adjustment ; peculiar physical
and mental character of an individual.

Tem'per-ance (tgin'per-«ns), n. Habitual mod-
eration of the appetites and passions ; abstemi-
ousness. — Tem'per-ate (-at), a. Moderate ;
not violent ; sober ; calm ; sedate.

Tem/per-a-ture (tgni'per-a-tur), n. Constitution ;
state ; degree of heat or cold.

Tern/pest (tgm'pgst), n. A violent storm, tu-
mult, or commotion ; agitation. — Tem-pes'tU-
OUS (tgm-pgs'tu-us), a. Like or pertaining to a
tempest ; turbulent ; violent ; stormy.

Tem'plar (tgm'pler), n. One of a religious mili-
tary order of the Middle Ages to protect Chris-
tian pilgrims in the Holy Land ; later, a London
student of law.

Tem.'plate (tgm'plat), n. A templet.

Tem'ple (tgm'p'l), n. An edifice in honor of some
deity ; a church.

^^0'^^^^'

Doric Temple at Segesta, Sicily.

Tem'ple (tgm'p'l), n. The flat portion of the head
between forehead and ear.

Tem/plet (tgm'plgt), n. A mold or pattern for
shaping mechanical work.

Tem/po-ral (tgm'po-ral), a. Pertaining to time
or this world ; secular ; political ; transitory.—
n. Anything temporal or secular. — Tem'pO'
ral-ly, adv. — Tem'po-ral'i ty (-r5i'i-ty), ?*.
State or quality ol being temporary ; that which
pertains to temporal welfare ; revenues of an
ecclesiastic from lands, fees, tithes, etc.

Tem'po-ral (tem'po-ral), a. Pertaining to the
temples of the head.

Tem'po-ra-ry (tem'po-ra-ry), a. Lasting for a
time only ; trausitory. — Tem'po-ra-li-ly (-ra-

rt-iy), adv. — Tem'po-ra-ri-ness, n.

Tem'po-rize (tein'po-i-Ls), v. i. [Temporized ;
Temporizing.] To comply with the time or oc-
casion ; to trim ; to procrastinate. — Tem'po-
ri-za'tion (-rT-za'shun), n. A temporizing.

Tempt (tempt), v. t. To endeavor to persuade ;
to instigate ; to test ; to entice ; to decoy ; to
seduce. — Tempt'er, n. Que who tempts ; esp.,
Satan or the Devil. — Tempt'ress (-vgs), n. A
woman who entices. — Tempt'a-ble, a. Liable
to be tempted. — Temp-ta'tlon (tgnip-ta'shun),
n. A tempting ; enticement ; an allurement.

Ten (ten), a. Twice five; nine and one. — n.
The sum of nine and one ; the symbol repre-
senting ten units, as 10 or X.

Ten'a-ble (tgn'a-b'l), a. Capable of being held
or defended. — Ten'a-ble-ness, n.

Te-na'ci0US (te-na'shus), a. Holding fast; apt
to retain ; retentive ; adhesive ; obstinate ;
stubborn. — Te-na'cious-ly, adv. — Te-na'-
cious-ness, Te-nac'i-ty (-naVt-ty), n.

Ten'ant (tenant), n. Oue who holds lands or
tenements belonging to another ; an occupant.
— v. t. To hold as a tenant. — Ten'an-cy (-rm-
sy), n. A holding an estate ; tenure ; tempo-
rary possession of another's property. — Ten'-
ant-a-ble (-ant-a-b'l), a. Fit to be rented ; in
good repair. — Ten'ant-less, a. Without ten-
ants; unoccupied. — Ten'ant-ry (-ry), n. A
body of tenants.

Tench (tgnch), n. A European fish, of the carp
kind.

Tench.

Tend (tgnd). v. t. To accompany and assist or
protect ; to watch ; to guard. — Tend'ance
(-ans), n. State of attending or waiting ; at-
tendance. — Tend'er, n. One who tends or
guards ; a vessel attending another, and carrying
her stOTi ir attached to a locomotive,

to carry its water and fuel.

Tend (tend), v. i. To move in a certain direc-
tion ; to aim ; to contribute. — Tend'en-cy (-en-
sf), n. ; pi. Tendencies (-bTz). Direction or
course toward any place, object, effect, or re-
sult; inclination; drift; scope; aim.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, lood, foot, out, oil, chair, go, hiiik, ink, then, thin.

TENDER

440

TERMINOLOGY

Ten'der (ten'der), v. t. [Tendered (-derd) ; Ten-
dering.] To offer in payment or satisfaction ;
to exhibit or present for acceptance. — n. An
offer (of money to pay a debt, of service to be
pertorraed, etc.) ; a thing offered.

Ten'der (ten'der), a. Easily impressed or in-
jured ; not firm or hard ; easily pained ; not
hardy ; delicate ; soft ; kind ; pitiful ; pathetic.
— Ten'der-ly, adv. — Ten'der-ness, n. — Ten'-
der-loin/ (-loin7), n. A tender part of the hind
quarter of beef.

Ten/don (tSn'dfin), n. A cord or bundle of fibers,
which communicates motion from a muscle to a
bone. — Ten'di-nons (-dT-nus),
a. Pertaining to, or like, a ten-
don ; full of tendons ; sinewy.

Ten'dril (ten'drll), n. A spiral
shoot of a plant that supports
it by winding round another
body.

Ten'e-ment (ten'e-ment), n. A
house or apartment used by one
family ; any permanent prop- Tendrils. A Coil-
erty that may be held. _ . g« £rt£ °j

Ten'et (ten'et), n. An opinion or Endg of Ten-
doctrine, which one holds as dril of Virginia
true ; a dogma.

Ten'fold' (ten 'fold'), a. Ten
times more or ten times as

Creeper, show
ing Disks by
which they
cling.

many
Ten'nis (ten'ms), n. A game in which a ball is

impelled by blows from rackets or the hand.
Ten'on (ten run), n. N

The end of a piece ^

of wood shaped for

insertion into a mor-
tise. — v. t. To fit

into a mortise. —

Tenon saw. A saw

with a thin stiff
blade, for cutting
tenons.
Ten'or (tSn'er), n.
Stamp ; character ; S
general drift or di-
rection of thought •- A
intent ; meaning
the higher male

Ten'ter (ten'ter), n. A frame with hooks for
stretching cloth, —v. t. To hang or stretch on
tenters. — Tenter hook. A hooked nail, used
in stretching cloth on a tenter.

Tenth (tenth), a. Next after the ninth; being
one of ten equal parts into which a thing is di-
vided. — n. One of ten equal parts ; the tenth
part of a thing ; a tithe. — Tenth'ly, adv. In
the tenth place.

Te-nu'i-ty (te-nu'T-ty), n. Thinness; smallness
in diameter ; rarity ; rareness (of a fluid). —
Ten'U-OUS (ten'u-us), a. Thin ; slender ; rare ;
subtile ; not dense.

Ten'ure (ten'ur), n. A holding property, esp.
real estate.

Tep'e-fac'tion (tSp/e-fSk'shun), n. A warming.
— Tep'e-fy (-fi), v. t. & i. [Tepefied (-fid) ;
Tepefying.] To warm moderately. — Tep'id
(-id), a. Moderately warm ; lukewarm. — Tep'-
id-ness, Te-pid'i-ty (te-pTd'T-ty), n.

Ter'a-phim (ter'a-fim), n. pi. Household dei-
ties of the Hebrews.

Ter'e-binth (ter'e-bTnth), n. The turpentine
tree. — Ter'e-bin'thic (-bln'thik), a. Pertain-
ing to turpentine.

HTe-re'do (te-re'd6), n. ; pi. E. Teredos (-doz),
L. Teredines (-re'dT-nez). A shipworm ; a long
bivalve mollusk which bores into submerged
wood, bottoms of ships, etc.

Te-rete' (te-ret'), a. Cylindrical and tapering;
columnar.

Tergi-ver-sa'tion ( teVjT-ver-sa'shun ), n. A
shifting ; shift ; sub-
terfuge; evasion;
fickleness.

Plan of Lawn Tennis Court.

in csincrina or ABBA Double Court ; SSSS Single C
voice in singing, or j . ; A B SCJ)S SCDS Side Lines . cc /)D gervice

the part of -

Lines ; //// DTalf Court Line
Ciite measurement in feet.

tune
adapted to this
voice.

Tense (tens), a. Stretched ; strained ; rigid ; not
lax. —Tensely, adv. — Tense'ness, n.

Tense (tgns), n. A form of a verb indicating the
time of the action or event signified.

Ten'sile (tSn'sTl), a. Of, pertaining to, or ca-
pable of, extension.

Ten'sion (ten'shon), n. A stretching or strain-
ing ; effort; strong excitement ; elastic force.

Tent (t8nt), n. A pavilion of canvas sustained
by pnleR. — v. t. To cover with tents.

Tent (tSnt), n. A roll of lint or linen, to dilate
nn opening in the flesh, or to prevent the heal-
ing of a wound. — v. t. To probe ; to search.

Ten'ta-cle (tSn'ta-k'l), n. A Blender organ of
feeling or motion, attached to the head of cer-
tain insects, polype, etc. — Ten'ta-tive (-tlv),
ft. Trying; experimental. — Ten - tac ' u - lar
(i.~n t.Wu-ler), a. Pertaining to, or like, ten-
tacles.

SSSS Single Court; AA, BB Base
lide Lines; CC, DD Service
iY'iV Net. The figures indi-

Terra (term), n. A
boundary ; a limit ;
the time anything
lasts ; a word or ex-
pression ; pi. propo-
sitions stated or
promises made ;
conditions. — ft. t.
[Termed ( termd ) ;
Terming.] To apply
a term to ; to name ;
to denominate.
Ter'ma-gant (terma-
gant), n. A boister-
ous, turbulent wom-
an. — a. Turbu-
lent ; quarrelsome ;
scolding. — Ter'ma-gan-cy (-gon-sy), n.
HTer'mes (ter'mez), n. ; pi. Termites (-mi-tez).
A tropical ant, very destructive to trees and
woodwork.
Ter'mi-na-ble (ter'mT-na-b'l), a. Capable of
being bounded ; limitable. — Ter'mi-nal (-nfll),
a. Pertaining to the end or extremity ; grow-
ing at the end of a branch or stem. — Termi-
nate (-nat), v. t. To set a term or limit to ; to
put an end to; to complete; to bound.— 1\ i.
To be limited ; to stop ; to cease ; to end ; to
close. —Tei/mi-na-tlve (-nii-tTv), a. Tending
to terminate; determining; absolute; defini-
tive. — Ter'mi-na'tlon (-na'shun), n. A termi-
nating; limit in space OT extent j bound; con-
sequence ; result : the ending of a word.
Ter'mi-nol'0-gy(ter/mY-n51/o-jy), w. A treatise
on terms ; terms used in any business, art, sci-
ence, etc. ; nomenclature.

a, o, i, u, 11, long ; a, e, 1, 5, u, y, short , senate, event, idea, obey, Unite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

TERMINUS

441

TETRARCHY

Ter'mi-MlS (ter'mT-niis), n. ; pi. Termini (-ni).

[L.] A boundary ; a border ; the end of a road.
Ter'mite (ter'mit), n. ; pi. Termites (-mits). The

white ant. See Termes.
Tern (tern), n. A long-winged sea bird, resem-
bling the gulls.
Ter'na-ry (ter'na-ry),

a. Proceeding by

threes. — n. The

number three. =

HTer'ra (ter'ra), n. ^j

[L.] The earth; J&S?

earth. — Terra COt- ^rA

ta. [It.] Baked O^

clay ; a kind of pot-
tery for statues,

vases, etc.— [| Terra

firma. [L.] Solid

ground ; the land, as opposed to water.
Ter'race (ter'ras), n. A raised bank of earth ;

the flat roof of a house.
Ter'ra-pin (tgr'ra-pTn), n. A turtle or tortoise,

living in fresh or brackish water, highly valued

as food.

Tern.

Diamond-Back or Salt-Marsh Terrapin.

Ter-ra'aue-OUS (tgr-ra'kwe-iis), a. Consisting of
land and water. — Ter-rene' (tgr-ren'), a. Per-
taining to the earth ; terrestrial. — Ter-res'tri-
al (ter-reVtrT-al), a. Pertaining to, existing
on, or consisting of, the earth ; sublunary.

Ter'ri-ble (ter'rT-b'l), a. Fitted to excite 'terror,
awe, or dread ; fearful ; horrible ; shocking. —
Ter'ri-ble-ness, n. — Ter'ri-bly, adv.

Ter'ri-er (ter'ri-er), n. A dog which digs into
the ground after animals
that barrow.

Ter-rii'ic (tgr-rTf'Tk), a.
Causing terror or dread.
— Ter'ri-fy ( ter'rT-f I ),
v. t. [Terrified (-fid);
Terrifying.] To shock
with fear ; to alarm.

Ter'ri-to'ri-al (teVrT-to'n-
a\), a. 01 or pertaining
to territory or land ; limited to a certain dis-
trict. — TeVri-to-ry (tgr'n-tft-ry), n. The ex-
tent of land belonging to any state, city, etc. ;
in the United States, a region not within the
limits of any State, but organized with a pro-
visional government.

Ter'ror (tgr'rer), n. Extreme fear ; fright ; dis-
may. — Ter'ror-lsm (-Tz'm), n. A state of be-
ing terrified, or of impressing terror. — Terror-
ize (-iz), v. t. To impress by terror ; to coerce
by intimidation.

Terse (ters), a. Elegantly concise ; compact. —
Tersely, adv. — Terse'ness. n.

Ter'tian (ter'shan), a. Occurring every third
day. —7i.- A disease or fever returning every
third day. — Ter'ti-a-ry (-shT-S-rj? or -sha-ry),
a. Of the third formation, order, or rank.

English Terrier.

Tes'sel-late (teVsel-lat), v. t. To form into, or
lay with, checkered work. — Tes'sel-la'tlon
(-la'shun), n. Mosaic work, or the making it.

Test (test), n. A cupel, for the trial and refine-
ment of metals ; any critical trial and examina-
tion ; a standard ; ground of admission or ex-
clusion. — v. i. To try by a standard; to
prove.

UTes-ta'ce-a (tes-ta'she-a), Tes-ta'ceans (-shanz),
n. pi. Marine animals covered with shells, esp.
mollusks ; shellfish. — Tes-ta'ceous (-anus), a.
Consisting of, or having, a hard, continuous
shell.

Tes'ta-ment (tgs'ta-ment), n. A will ; a written
instrument by which one prescribes the dis-
posal of his estate and effects after his death ;
one of the two general divisions of the Scrip-
tures (the Old and the New Testament). — Tes7-
ta-men'tal (-mgn'tal), Tes'ta-men'ta-ry (-ta-
ry), a. Pertaining to, given or appointed by,
or founded on, a testament or will. — Tes'tate
(-tat), a. Having made and left a will. — Tes-
ta'tor (-ta'ter), n. A man who makes and
leaves a will at death. — Tes-ta'trix (-tnks), n.
A female testator.

Tes'ter (tes'ter), n. The covering of a bed ; a
flat canopy.

Tes'ti-fy (teVtT-fl), v. i. [Testified (-fid) ; Tes-
tifying.] To give testimony ; to bear witness.

— v. t. To affirm or declare solemnly. — Tes'-
ti-fi'er (-fi'Sr), n.

Tes'ti-ly (tes'tT-ly), adv. In a testy manner.

Tes'ti-mo'ni-al (tgs'tT-mo'ni-fll), n. A certificate
bearing testimony in favor of one's character or
conduct. —a. Relating to, or containing, tes-
timony. — Tes'ti-mo-ny (-nio-iiy), n. Affirma-
tion, establishing or proving some fact ; attes-
tation ; witness ; proof ; evidence.

Tes'ti-ness (tgs'ti-nes), n. State of being testy.

Tes-tu'di-nal (tee-tu'di-nal), Tes'tu-din'e-ous
(tg^tu-din'e-us), a. Pertaining to, or resem-
bling, the tortoise or its shell.

Tes'ty (tes't^), a. [Testier (-ti-er) ; Testiest.]
Fretful ; peevish ; easily irritated.

!!Tet'a-nus (tet'a-nus), n. Lockjaw.

HTete/-a-tete/ (taVa-taf), n. [F., head to head.]
Private conversation ; a sofa arranged for two
persons to face each other. — adv. Face to
face ; privately.

Teth'er (tgth'er), n. A rope or chain confining a
beast so that it may feed within certain limits.

— v. t. [Tethered (tgth'erd) ; Tethering.] To
confine (a beast) with a tether.

Tet'ra-gOli (tgt'ra-gon), n. A geometrical figure
having four angles ; a quadrangle. — Te-trag'O-
nal (te-trSg'6-nal), a. Pertaining to a tetra-
gon ; having four angles or sides.

Tet'ra-he'dral (tSt'ra-he'dral), a. Having, or
composed of, four sides. — Tet ' ra - he ' dron
(-dron), n. A solid figure
inclosed by four triangles.

Te-tram'e-ter (te-tram'e-ter),
n. A verse consisting of four
measures.

Te'trarch (te'trark), n. A Ro-
man governor of the fourth
part of a province ; a petty
sovereign. — Te-trarch'ate Tetrahedron.

( te-tr'ark'at ), Tet'nrch-y

(tgt'rark-^), n. The fourth part of a Roman

province ; office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch.

Tet ' ra - he ' dron

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TETRASTICH

442

THEOLOGICALLY

Te-tras'tich (te-tras'tYk or t6t'ra-stYk), n. A
stanza or poem of lour verses.

Tet'ra-Style (tet'ra-stll), n. A building with four
columns in front.

Tet'ra-syl'la-ble (teVra-sYFla-b'l), n. A word of
four syllables. — Tet'ra-syl-lab'ic (-sYl-lab'ik),
Tet'ra-syl-lab'ic-al (-Y-kal), a. Consisting of
four syllables.

Tet'ter (teVter), n. A skin disease, causing itch-
ing ; herpes. — v. t. [Tettered (-terd) ; Tet-
tering.] To affect with tetter.

Teu-ton'ic (tu-ton'Yk), a. Pertaining to the Teu-
tons or ancient Germans.

Text (tekst), n. A composition on which a com-
mentary is written ; the original words of an
author ; a passage of Scripture quoted as the
subject of a discourse. — TexfbOOk' (-book'), n.
A volume on which a teacher comments; a
schoolbook.

Tex'tile (teks'tYl), a. Woven, or capable of being
woven.

Tex'tU-al (tSks'tu-al), a. Pertaining to, or con-
tained in, the text. — Tex'tu-a-rist (-a-rlst),
Tex'tu-a-ry (-ry), n. One well versed in the
Scriptures. — Tex'tn-a-ry, a. Contained in
the text ; authoritative.

Tex'ture (tgks'tur), n. A weaving; a woven
fabric ; the connection of threads or filaments
interwoven ; a web.

HTha'ler (taler), n. A German silver dollar,
worth about 73 cents.

Than (than), conj. A particle expressing com-
parison.

Thane (than), n. A dignitary of Anglo-Saxons
and Danes in England, equivalent to a baron.

Thank (thank), v. t. [Thanked (thankt) ; Thank-
ing.] To express gratitude to for a favor or for
kindness.— ?*. [Generally in jo/.] Expression
of gratitude. — Thank'ful (-ful), a. Impressed
with a sense of kindness received ; grateful. —
Thank'ful-ly, adv. — Thank'ful-ness, n. —
Thank'less (-lSs), a. Not acknowledging fa-
vors ; unthankful ; ungrateful. — Thank'less-
ness, n. — Thanks'giv'ing (thSnks'gYv'Yng or
thSnks'giv'Ing), n. A rendering thanks for
favors or mercies ; a public celebration of di-
vine goodness ; a day set apart for such cele-
bration.

That (thSt), pron., «., conj., & adv. ; pi. Those,
when a pron. or a. As pronoun, referring to
something before mentioned or understood ; the
other ; the former ; who ; which. As conjunc-
tion, introducing a clause, as the object of the
preceding verb; also, introducing a reason or
purpose, and sometimes a result.

Thatch (thSch), n. Straw for covering roofs of
buildings, stacks of grain, etc. — v. t. To cover
with straw, reeds, etc. — Thatch' er, n.

Thau'ma-tur'gic ( tha/ma-tGr'jYk ), Thau'ma-
tur'gic-al ( -jT-kal ), a. Exciting wonder. —
Thau'ma-tur'gy ( -tuVjy" ), n. A performing
something wonderful.

Thaw (tha), v. i. & t. [Thawed (thad) ; Thaw-
ing.] To melt ; to dissolve ; to soften. — n.
Melting of ice or snow ; liquefaction by heat.

The (the, when emphatic or alone ; thT, obscure
before a vowel ; the, obscure before a conso-
nant), definite article, denoting a particular per-
son or thinp.

The (Hie, thY, or the), conj. & adv. By that;
by how much ; by so much ; on that account

Up

The'a-ter (the'a-ter), The'a-tre, n. A playhouse ;
a house for dramatic perioriuances, public lec-
tures, etc. ; the scene or region of important
events. — The-at'ric (the-at'rYk), The-at'ric-al
(-rl-kal), a. Pertaining to a theater ; dramatic.
— The-at'ric-al-ly, adv. — The-at'ric-als, n.
pi. Dramatic performances.

TheCla (thgk'la), n. A small butterfly of many
species.

Thee (the); pron.;
objective case of
Thou.

Theft (theft), n. A
stealing ; the felo-
n i o u s taking of
another person's
goods; thing stol-
en.

Their (thSr), a. pron. Hopvine Thecla. Nat. size.
Belonging to them.
When standing alone, it has the form theirs.

The'ism (the'Yz'in), n. Belief in a personal God,
as opposed to atheism. — The'ist (-1st), n. One
who believes in a personal God. — The-is'tic
(-Ys'tYk), The-is'tiC-al (-tY-kal), a. Pertaining
to theism ; according to the doctrines of theists.

Thel-phu'si-an (thSl-1 u'sY-an), n. A tropical river
crab.

Them ( them ),
pron. ; objective
case of They.
Those persons or
things ; those.

Theme (them), n.
A subject or top-
ic on which one
writes or speaks ;
a radical verb.

Them-selves'
( them-selvz'),
pron. ; pi. of Himself, Herself, and Itself.

Then (then), adv. At that time ; afterward ;
therefore, —conj. In that case ; consequently.

Thence (theus), adv. From that place ; from
that time; for that reason. — Thenceforth'
(thens'iorth' or the'ns'forth'), adv. From that
time. — Thence-f or'ward ( - f 8r ' werd ), adv.
From that time onward.

The-OC'ra-cy (the-ok'ra-sjf), n. Government by
immediate direction of God. — The/0-crat>}/1
(the'6-krat'Tk), The'o-crat'ic-al (-I-kal),- .
Pertaining to a theoc-
racy ; administered by
the immediate direc-
tion of God.

The-cd'o-lite (the-od'o-
lit), ft. A surveyor's
instrument for meas-
uring angles.

The'o-lo'gi-an ( the ' 6 -
lo'jY-«n), The-ol'o-
gist (the-ol'6-jYst), n.
One versed in theolo-
gy ; a professor of di-
vinity ; a divine. —
The'o-log'ic (the '6-
l5j'Yk), The'o-log'ic-
al (-Y-kal), a. Per-
taining to divinity, or
the 8 c i e n c e of God
and of divine things.

Thelphusian (ȣ).

Theodolite.

The'o-log'ic-al-ly,

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, e, i, 6, u, y, abort ; ueuate, event, idea, obey, Unite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

THEOLOGIZE

443

THIMBLE

adv. — The-ol'o-gize (the-5l'6-jiz), v. t. & i.
[Theologized (-jizd) ; Theologizing.] To ren-
der theological ; to speculate upon theological
subjects. — The-ol'O-gy (-jy), n. Science of the
existence, character, and attributes of God. —
The'O-logTie (the'6-15g), n. A theologian ; a
student in a theological seminary. \_Colloq. U. S.~\

The-or'bO (the-6r'b6), n. A musical instrument
of the lute kind, but larger, and with two heads.

The'O-rem (the'6-rem), n. Tliat which is estab-
lished as a principle ; a mathematical statement
of a principle to be demonstrated. — The'O-re-
mat'ic (-re-:n5t'Ik), The^o-re-mat'lc-al (-i-kal),
The'O-rein'iC (-rem'Ik), a. Pertaining to, or
comprised in, a theorem ; consisting of theo-
rems.

The'O-ry (the'o-r^), n. A doctrine, or scheme of
things; speculitiou; science, distinguished from
art. — The'J-rist (-rist), n. One who forms
theories ; a tlieorizer. — The'O-ret'ic (-rSt'ik),
The'O-ret'ic-al (-i-kal), a. Pertaining, or con-
fined, to theory; speculative; unpractical. —
The'o-ret/lc-al-'ly, adv. — The'o-ret'ics, n. The
speculative part of a science ; specul ition. —
The'O-rize (-riz), v. t. [Theorized (-rizd) ; The-
oeizing.] To form theories ; to speculate. —
The'o-riz'er, n.

The-OS'0-phy (the-oVo-ty), n. Direct or personal
knowledge of God, as distinguished from reve-
lation. — The-OS'0-pb.ism (-f Tz'm), n. Theoso-
phy, or a process of it. — The-OS'0-phist (-fist),
n. One addicted to theosophy. - The'O-SOph'iC
(the^o-sol'Ik), Theo-soph'ic-al (-I-kal), a.
Pertaining to theosophv.

Ther'a-peu'tic (thgr'a-pu'tTk), Ther'a-peu'tic-al
(-tT-kal), a. Pertaining to the healing art ; cu-
rative. — Ther'a-peu'tics (-tlks), n. The use
of remedies for diseases.

There (thSr), adv. In that place. — There'a-bout'
(thaVa-bouf), There'a-bOUts' (-bouts'), adv.
Near that place, number, or quantity ; nearly. —
There-aft'er (thSr-af'ter), adv. After that;
afterward. — There-at' ( -St' ), adv. At that
place or event; on that account. — There-by'
(-bl'), adv. By that ; in consequence of that.
— There-f or' (-iQr'), adv. For that, or this, or
it. — Therefore (tnar'ior or ther'for), conj. &
adv. For that or this reason ; consequently ;
in return for this or that. — There-from' (thSr-
fr5m'), adv. From this or that. — Therein'
(-in'), adv. In that or this place, time, or
thing; in that particular. — There'in-tO' (-Tn-
tob'), adv. Into that, or that place. — There-
of (-5 . ' or -ov'), adv. Of that or this. — There-
on' (-on'), adv. On that or this. — There-OUt'
(-out'), adv. Out of that or this. — There-to'
(-tob'^adv. To that or this. — There-un-to'
(-un-too'), adv. Unto that or this ; thereto. —
There/up-On' (-up-on'), adv. Upon that or this ;
in consequence of that ; immediately ; without
delay. — There-Wlth' (-with' or -with'), adv.
With that or this. — There with-al' (-with-al'),
adv. Over and above that.

Ther'mal (theVmal), a. Pertaining to heat.

Ther-mom'e-ter (ther-m5m'e-ter), n. An instm-
ment for measuring temperature. — Ther'mo-
met'ric (ther'mo-meVrik), Ther'mo-met'ric-
al (-rt-kc/l), a. Pertaining to, or made by means
of, a thermometer.

Jglp-^ To reduce decrees Fahrenheit to de-
Centigrade, subtract 32° and multiply by

10

30

■>, 5

-EWia

io

f ; to reduce degrees Centigrade to degrees

Fahrenheit, multiply by §

and add 32°.
|]The-sau'rus (tbfc-sa/rus), n.

[L.] A treasury; esp., a

storehouse of information,

like a dictionary or cyclo-
pedia.
These (thez), pron. ; pi. of

This.
The'sis (the'sis), n. ; pi.

Theses (-sez). [L.] A po-

s i t i o n or proposition ; a

theme ; an essay ; the unac-
cented part of a poetical

foot or musical measure.
Thes'pi-an ( theVpw/n ), a.

Pertaining to tragic acting.
The'UT-gy (the'Gr-jy), n. Art

of doing supernatural

things ; magic. — The-ur'-

gic (the-Qi'jik), The-ur'-
giC-al (-jT-kol), a. Per-
taining to theurgy.

Thew (thu), n. [Chiefly in
pi. Thews (tliuz).] Mus-
cle ; strength ; brawn.

They (tha), pron. [Poss.
Theirs (tharz or tharz),
067. Them (them).] The
plural of He, She, or It.

Thick (thik), a. Dense ; not
thin ; inspissated ; not trans-
parent or clear ; muddy or
misty ; close or crowded in
space ; frequently recur-
ring ; measuring in the third
dimension (the first and
second being length and
breadth) ; of greater depth
than usual ; solid ; gross ;
coarse. — n. The thickest
part ; the time when any-
thing is thickest. — adv.
Frequently ; quick ; close-
ly ; to a great depth. —
Thick'ly, adv. — Thick'-
ness, n. — Thick'en (thTk'-
'n), v. t. & i. [Thickened
(-'nd); Thickening.] To
make or become thick. —
Thick'en-ing, n. A mak-
ing thick ; something put
into a mass to make it
thicker. — Thick ' ish, a.
Somewhat thick.

Thick'et (thTk'gt), n. A collection of trees or
shrubs closely set.

Thick'set/ (thfk'set'), a. Close planted ; having
a short, thick body ; stout. — n. A close or
thick hedge : stout, twilled cotton cloth.

Thief (thef), w. ; pi. Thieves (thevz). One who
steals ; a robber ; a pilferer. — Thieve (thev),
v. i. To steal. — Thlev'er-y (-er-y), n. Theft ;
a thing stolen. — ThieVish, n. Given to steal-
ing ; like a thief ; sly ; secret.

Thigh (tin), n. The thick part of the leg above
the knee.

Thill (Mai), n. A shaft of a carriage.

Thim'ble (thlm'b'l), n. A metal'cap to protect
the finger from the needle in sewing.

Combination Ther-
mometer showing
the Centigrade.
Fahrenheit, and
.Reaumur S c a 1 e 8,
and their relative
gradation.

fSrn, recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

THBIBLEBERRY

444

THRASHER

ThinVble-ber'ry (thiin'b'l-ber'ry), n. An Amer-
ican black raspberry.
Thin (thin), a. [Thinner; Thinnest.] Having
little thickness ; lean ; slender ; rare ; slight ;
flimsy. — adv. Not thickly or closely ; in a
scattered state. — v. t. & i. [Thinned (thind) ;
IhUHIHS.] To make or become thin. — Thin'-
ly, adv. — Thin'ness, n.
Thine (thm), a. Belonging to thee ; thy.
Thing (thing), n. An inanimate object ; what-
ever exists ; an occurrence ; an event ; pi.
clothes ; furniture ; appurtenances.
Think (think), v. i. & (, [Thought (that);
Thinking.] To have ideas; to purpose; to
meditate ; to judge ; to believe. — Think'er,
n. — Think' ing, a. Having the faculty of
thought ; capable of a regular train of ideas. —
72. Imagination ; cogitation ; judgment.
Thin'ly, Thin'ness. See under Thin, a.
Third (therd), a. Next after the second ; being
one of three equal parts. — n. One of three
equal parts ; the next after the second ; a mu-
sical interval of a tone and a semitone ; pi. a
widow's right to the third part of her husband's
estate. — Third'ly, adv. In the third place.
Thirst (therst), n. Desire for drink ; an eager
desire : a longing. — v. i. To be painfully in
want of drink ; to desire intensely. — Thirst'y
(-y), a. [Thirstier (-T-er) ; Thirstiest.] Suf-
fering from want of drink ; dry ; parched. —
Thirst'i-ly, adv. — Thirst'i-ness, n.
Thir'teen' (ther'ten'), a. One more than twelve ;
ten and three. — n. The sum of ten and three ;
a symbol representing thirteen units (13, or
xiii."). — Thirteenth' (-tenth'), a. Next after
the twelfth ; being one of thirteen equal parts.
— n. One of thirteen equal parts; the next
after the twelfth ; the musical interval compris-
ine in octave and a sixth.
Thir'ty (ther'ty >, a. Three times ten. — n. The
sum of three times ten ; a svmbol representing
thirty units (30, or xxx.). — Thir'tl-eth (-tl-
5th), a. Next after the twenty-ninth ; being
one of thirty equal parts. — n . The quotient
of a unit divided by thirty ; one of thirty equal
parts.
This (this), pron. ; pi. These (thez). A pro-
noun, denoting something near in place or
time, or just mentioned, or about to be men-
tioned.
This'tle (thTs"l). n. A prickly plant of several
genera. — This'-
tly ( tlns'ly ), a.
Overgrown with
thistles.
Thith'er (thYth'-
e r ) , adv. To
that place, point,
end, or result. —
Thith ' er - ward
( - w e r d ) , adv.
Toward that
place.
Thole (thol), n.
A pin in the gun-
wale of a boat, to
keep the oar in
place.
Thcng (thorn:), n.

A leather strap for securing anything.
ThoTax (thCrXks), n. The trunk between neck

and abdomen ; the chest. — ThO-rac'iC (-raV-
Ik), a. Pertain-
ing to the tho-
rax or breast.
Thorn (th8rn), n.
A prickly tree or
shrub ; a spine ;
a prickle ; any-
thing trouble-
some ; care ; an-
noyance . —
Thorn'y (-y), a.
[Thoenie:
( -T-er ) ; Thorni-
est.] Full of

pricking ; v e x a - a First Dor6ai Vertebra;
tious ; harassmg. b Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra ;
Thor'OUgh c Clavicle : d Scapula : e Ster-
ft.hHr/M n Vans.- num. or Breastbone ;/ Sternal
i ™ f V^lJh T, Cai tila-es : » Sternal Ribs : h i
ing through or Asternal Ribs ; i Floating Ribs,
to the end ; com-
plete ; perfect. — Thor'ough-ly, adv. — Thor'-
ongh-bred' ( -bred' ), a. Bred from the best
blood, as horses ; well-bred ; completely bred or
accomplished. — Thor'OUgh-fare' (-faV), n. A
passage from one street or opening to another ;
a frequented street. — Thor'ongh-go'ing (-go7-
Tng), a. Going through, or to the end or bottom ;
very thorough ; complete. — Thor'OUgh-paced'
( -past' ), a. Perfect in what is undertaken ;
I complete ; going all lengths.
Thor'OUgh- wort' (-wfirtf), n. A medicinal Amer-
ican plant found in wet grounds ; boneset.
| Those (thoz), pron., pi. of That.
Thou (thou), pron. [Sing. nom. Thou; poss.
Thy (thi) or Thine (thm) ; obj. Thee (the) ; pi.
nom. You (yob); poss. Youb (}6or) or Yours
(yobrz) ; obj. You.] The pronoun denoting the
person addressed.
| Though (tho), adv. & conj. Granting ; admit-
ting : notwithstanding ; however.
Thought (that), imp. & p.p. of Think. — n. A
thinking ; reflection ; meditation ; an opinion ;
a judgment ; a fancy ; purpose ; intention. —
Thought'ful. a. Full of thought ; favorable to
meditation ; considerate ; deliberate ; careful ;
wary : reflective ; discreet. — ThOUght'less, a.
Without thought ; careless.
Thou'sand (thou'zand), a. & n. Ten hundred ;
very many, indefinitely ; a symbol represent-
ing one thousand units (1000, M. or CIO.). —
ThOU'sandth (-zandth), a. Next in order alter
nine hundred and ninety-nine ; being one of a
thousand equal parts. — n. One of a thousand
equal parts.
Thrall (thral), n. A slave ; bondage ; servitude.
— v. t. To enslave. — Thral'dom (-dam), n.
Condition of a thrall ; slaverv.
Thrash (thr5sh), V. i. & i. [Thrashed (thrSsht) ;
Thrashing.] To beat (grain) ; to beat soundly ;
to drub: to toss violently. — Thrash'er, n.
One who thrashes (grain) ; the fox shark or sea
fox.

Thistle.

Thrasher Shark.

a, e, i, o, u, long ; a, £, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

THREAD

445

THUS

Thread (thrgd), to. A very small twist of flax,
wool, cotton, silk, etc. ; a filament ; a line ; the
prominent spiral part of a screw or nut. — v. t.
To pass a thread through ; to pass or pierce
through (a narrow way or channel). — Thread'-
bare' (-baV), a. Worn to the naked thread ;
worn out ; trite ; hackneyed.

Threat (thret), n. Declared intention to inflict
punishment or pain ; menace ; denunciation. —
Threat'en (threV'n), v. t. & i. [Threatened
(-'ud) ; Threatening.] To menace. — Threat'-
en-ing. a. Indicating a threat or something
impending ; imminent ; menacing.

Three (tlire), a. Two and one. — 11. The sum of
two and one ; a symbol representing three units
(3, or hi.). — Three/-COr/nered (-kSr'nerd), a.
Having three corners or angles. — Threefold'
(-fold'), a. Consisting of three ; thrice re-
peated. — Threepence (thrTp'ens), n. A small
silver coin worth three pennies. — Threepen-
ny (thrip'en-ny), a. Worth three pence ; poor ;
mean. — Three/-ply/ (-ph7)* a. Consisting of
three distinct webs inwrought in weaving, as
cloth or carpeting. — Three/-SCOre/ (-skoV), a.
Thrice twenty ; sixty.

Thren'O-dy (thren'6-dy), n. A song of lamenta-
tion ; a dirge.

Thresh (thresh), v. t. To thrash. — Thresh'-
er, n.

Threshold (threshold), n. The doorsill ; the
entrance ; the point of beginning ; outset.

Threw, imp. of Throw.

Thrice (thris), adv. Three times ; emphatically ;
very.

Thrid (thrTd), v. t. [Thridded ; Thridding.]
To slide through (a narrow passage) ; to pass (a
thread) through the eye of a needle ; to thread.

Thrift (thrift), to. A thriving condition ; good
husbandry ; economical management ; frugal-
ity ; vigorous growth ; prosperity ; gain ; profit ;
the seapink, a garden plant.

— Thrilt'y (-f), a. Given
to thrift ; thriving ; frugal ;
sparing ; saving ; careful.

— Thrift'i-ly, adv.—
Thrift'i-ness, to. — Thrift'-
less, a. Not thrifty ; pro-
fuse ; extravagant ; not
thriving.

Thrill (thrTl), to. A drill ; a
warbling ; a trill ; a thrill-
ing sensation. — v. t. To
perforate ; to bore ; to drill.

— v. i. To feel a sharp,
shivering sensation, run-
ning through the body.

Thrive (thrlv), v. i. [Thrived (thrivd) ; p. p.
Thrived or Thriven (thriven) ; p. pr. Thriv-
ing.] To prosper by industry, economy, and
good management ; to grow vigorously ; to
flourish. — Thriv'er, n.

Throat (throt), n. The front of the neck, with
its cavities ; anything long and deep.

Throb (thr5b), v. i. [Throbbed (thr5bd) ; Throb-
bing.] To beat strongly, as the heart or pulse ;
to palpitate. — to. A beat, or strong pulsation.

Throe (thro), n. Extreme pain ; pang ; anguish.

Throne (thron), n." A chair of state ; a royal
seat ; sovereign power and dignity. — v. t.
[Throned (thrond) ; Throning.] To enthrone ;
to exalt.

Thrift.

Throng (throng), n. A multitude of people ; a
crowd. — v. i. & t. [Thronged (throngd) ;
Thronging.] To crowd together ; to press.

Throt'tle (throt't'l), to. The windpipe. — v. t. &
i. [Throttled (-t'ld) ; Throttling (-tling).]
To choke ; to strangle.

Through (throb), prep. From end to end of ;
within ; by means of ; to the end or conclusion.
— adv. From one end to the other ; from be-
ginning to end ; to the ultimate purpose. —
Through-OUt' (throo-ouf), prep. Wholly or
quite through. — adv. In every part.

Throw (thro), v. t. & i. [imp. Threw (thru) ;
p. p. Thrown (thron) ; p. pr. Throwing.] To
fling or cast ; to project ; to send ; to wind or
twist. — n. A hurling or flinging ; a cast of dice ;
the distance a missile is thrown. — Throw'er,
«. — Throw'ster (-ster), n. One who throws,
twists, or winds, silk.

Thrum (thrum), to. An end of weavers' threads ;
a tuft ; coarse yarn. — v. t. [Thrummed
(thrumd); Thrumming.] To furnish with
thrums ; to insert tufts in.

Thrum (thrum), v. i. & t. To play (an instru-
ment) rudely or monotonously with the fingers.

Thrush (thrush), n. A small, migratory singing
bird, of various species.

Thrush (thrush), n. An inflammatory and sup-
purating affection in the feet of the horse and
other animals ; frush ; small ulcers in the
mouth, throat, etc.

Thrust (thrust), v. t. & i. [Thrust , Thrusting.]
To push forcibly ; to drive ; to force ; to impel ;
to squeeze ; to intrude. — n. A violent push or
driving ; attack ; assault ; horizontal, outward
pressure, as of an arch against its abutments.

Thud (thud), n. A stroke or blow, causing a
I dull, hollow sound.

Thug (thug), n. One of a Hindoo religious sect
of robbers and assassins.

Thumb (thurn), to. The short, thick finger of the
hand. —v. t. [Thumbed (thumd) ; Thumbing.]
To handle awkwardly ; to soil or wear with
thumb or fingers. — Thumb screw. A screw
having a flattened head, to be turned by the
thumb and forefinger. —Thumb Stall. A kind
of thimble, for protecting the thumb.

Thump (thump), n. The sudden fall of a heavy
weight ; the sound made by the fall of a heavy
body. — v. t. & i. [Thumped (thumt) ; Thump-
ing.] To beat with something thick or heavy,
or so as to cause a dull sound. — Thump'er, n.

Thun'der (thun'der), to. The sound following
lightning ; a loud noise ; a startling threat. —
r. i. [Thundered (-derd) ; Thundering.] To
sound or roar, as an explosion of electricity. —
Thun'der-er, n. — Thun'der-bolt' (-bolt/), to.
A shaft of lightning; ecclesiastical denuncia-
tion ; fulmination. — Thun'der-clap' (-klXpO,
n. A burst of thunder; sudden report of an
explosion of electricity. — Thun'der-OUS (-us),
a. Making a noise like thunder ; sonorous. —
Thun'der-show'er (-shou'ei •), Thun'der-storm'
(-storm'), "• A storm or shower accompanied
with lightning and thunder. — Thun'der-
| Struck' (-struk'), a. Astonished ; amazed ;
1 struck dumb by something surprising.

Thurs'day (thfirz'dS), n. The fifth day of the
week, following Wednesday and before Friday.

Thus (thus), adv. In this or that manner; to
l this degree or extent : so.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

THWACK

446

TIGER LILY

Tiara.

Thwack (thwXk)> v, t [Thwacked (thwakt) ;
Thwacking.] To strike with something riat or
heavy , to bang ; to thrash ; to thump. — n. A
heavy blow ; a thump.

Thwart (thwart), a. Across something else ;
transverse.— v. t. [Thwarted; Thwarting.]
To move across or counter to ; to cross ; to op-
pose ; to frustrate or defeat. —n. The seat of
a boat on which rowers sit, placed athwart the
boat.

Thy (thi), pron., possessive of Thee. Of or be-
longing to thee.

Thyme (tlm), n. An aromatic plant. — Thym'y
(tini'y), a. Abounding in thyme; fragrant.

Thy-sell' (thi-self), pron. An emphasized form
or Thou.

Ti-a'ra ( t t-a'ra), n. A headdress or diadem ; the
pope's triple crown.

||Tib'i-a (tlb'i-a), n. [L.] The
shin bone; the larger of the
two bones forming the second
segment of the leg. — Tib'i-
al (-al), a. Pertaining to the
tibia, or to a pipe or flute.

Tic (tik), n. A local convulsive
motion of certain muscles;
twitching. — ||Tic douloureux
(doo-loo-roo'). Neuralgia in
the face.

Tick (tik), n. Credit; trust. —v. i. [Ticked
(tikt) ; Ticking.] To go on credit ; to trust.

Tick (tik), n. A little insect that infests sheep,
dogs, cows, etc.

Tick (tik), n. The
cover or case of a
bed ; a kind of
cloth, woven in
stripes of different
colors, used in
making such cases.
— Tick'ing, n. A
closely-woven
cloth for bedticks.

Tick (tik), v. i.
[Ticked ( tikt ) ;
Ticking.] To make
a small noise, as a
watch or clock ; to
beat ; to click. —
n. The distinct,
quick beat of a
watch, dock, etc. ;
a mark to distinguish something ; a check.

Tick'et (tik'et), n. A small piece of paper serv-
ing as a notice, certificate, or token, — used to
give admission to a place of assembly, or a pub-
lic conveyance, or as a label, certificate, etc. —
v. t. [Ticketed ; Ticketing.] To distinguish
by a ticket ; to put a ticket on (goods, etc.).

Tic'kle (tik'k'l), v. t. [Tickled (-k'ld) ; Tickling
(-klTng).] To touch lightly, so as to cause a
thrilling sensation, which commonly causes
laughter ; to please by slight gratification. —
Tic'klish (-klish), a. Sensible to slight touches ;
easily tickled ; liable to fall at a touch ; inse-
cure ; nice ; critical.

Tid'al (tid'al), a. Of or pertaining to tides ; pe-
riodically rising and falling, or flowing and
ebbing.

Tid'bit' (tid'blf), n. A delicate piece of any-
thing eatable. [Written also titbit.]

American Moose Tick. A
Full-grown Tick, nat. size.
B Six-legged Young, en-
larged. C Mouth Parts of
young, much enlarged ; n
Proboscis ; b Mandible ; c
Palpus.

Tide (tid), n. Time ; season ; the alternate rising

Tides.

and falling of the waters of the ocean ; stream ;
current; tendency or direction of causes or
events; course, —v. t. To drive with the tide
or stream, — f. i. To pour a tide or flood.

Ti'di-ly, Ti'di-ness. See under Tidy, a.

Ti' dings (ti'dingz), n pi. News ; information ;
intelligence.

Ti'dy ( tl'dy ), a. [Tidier ( -dT-er ) ; Tidiest.]
Arranged in good order; neat. — n. A cover
for the back of a chair, sofa, etc. — v. t. To
put in order ; to set right. — Ti'di-ly, adv. —
Ti'di-ness, n.

Tie (ti), v. t. [Tied (tid) ; Tying (tl'Tng).] To
fasten ; to bind ; to equal in a contest. — n. A
knot ; a bond ; an obligation ; an equality in
numbers, as of votes, a score in a game, etc. —
Ti'er (ti'er), n. One that ties; a child's apron
or pinafore.

Tier (ter), n. A rank ; one of two or more rows
placed one above another.

Tierce (ters), n. A cask or measure holding 42
wine gallons ; in card playing, a sequence of
three cards of the same suit ; a particular thrust
in fencing.

Tiff (tif), n. A small draught of liquor ; a fit of
peevishness.

Tif'fa-ny (tif'fa-ny), n. A kind of very thin
silk.

Ti'ger (tl'ger), n. An Asiatic beast of prey of

Bengal Tiger.

the cat kind. — American tiger. The panther.
— Tiger cat. A small carnivorous animal re-
sembling the tiger; the ocelot. — Ti'gresS
(-grSs), ii. A female tiger. — Ti'grish (-grish>
a. Like a tiger; ferocious. — Tiger lily. A
lily having spotted flowers.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, c, i, 6, u, y, short ; senate, 6 vent, Idea, Obey, ftnite, c&re, arm, ask, all, nnal,

TIGHT

447

TIPSINESS

Tight (tit), a. Firmly held together ; compact ;
close ; parsimonious. — Tight'en (tif'n), v. t.
[Tightened ( -'nd ) ; Tightening.] To draw
tighter ; to make more close.

Ti'gress, Ti'grish. See uuder Tiger, n.

Tike (tik), n. A countryman or clown ; a cur.

Til'bu-ry (til'ber-y), n. A kind of gig without a
top.

Tile (til), n. A thin piece of slate or baked clay,
for covering roofs or floors, for drains, etc. ; a
hat. — v. t. [Tiled; Tiling.] To cover with
tiles. — Til'er (til'er), n. One who lays tiles;
a doorkeepsr at a lodge of freemasons.

Till (til), n. A money box in a sbop ; a drawer.

Till (til), prep. To the time of ; until.

Till (til), v. t. [Tilled (tild) ; Tilling.] To
plow and dress (land) ; to cultivate. — Till'er.
n. — Till'a-ble, a. Cipable of being tilled;
arable. — Till'age (-aj), n. The operation or art
of tilling ; cultivation ; farming ; agriculture.

Till'er (tTPei), n. The lever used to turn a rud-
der.

Till'er (til'er), n. A shoot from the root or
trunk of a plant. — v.i. [Tillered (tTl'erd) ;
Tillering.] To put forth shoots from the
root of the original stalk. [Sometimes written
tillow.']

Tilt (tilt), n. A covering overhead ; a tent ; an
awning. — v. t. To cover with a tilt.

Tilt (tilt), v. t. To raise one end of (a cask, etc.) ;
to thrust, as a lance ; to hammer with a tilt
hammer, or tilt. — v. i. To thrust with a lance
or rapier ; to lean or fall to one side. — n. A
thrust ; a tournament ; a leaning to one side ;
a tilt hammer. — Tilt'er, n.— Tilt hammer.
A heavy ham-
mer for work-
ing iron, etc.,
which is tilted
or lifted

Tilt Hammer, a Helve ; b Pivot
of Helve ; c Hammer Head ; d
Anvil ; / Shaft carrying Collar e
with Cams for lifting the Ham-
mer Head : q Prop to hold up the
Hammer when not in use.

projections on
arevolving
wheel; a trip
hammer.

Tilth (tilth), ».
State of being
tilled ; culture.

Tim'ber (tTm'ber), n. Wood fit for building, for
tools, utensils, fences, ships, etc. ; the trunk of
atree ; material for any structure ; wooded 1 md.
—v. t. [Timbered (-berd) ; Timbering.] To
furnish with timber.

Tim'brel (tTm'brSl), n. A kind of drum.

Time (tim), n. A particular period or part of
duration; a proper season ; an opportunity ; an
age or period ; the duration of life ; hours and
days at one's disposal ; allotted period ; desig-
nated hour ; in music, the measure of sounds ;
tone. — v. t. [Timed (tlmd) ; Timing.] To adapt
to the occasion ; to ascertain the time or rate
of. — r. i. To keep or beat time ; to proceed in
time. — Time'ly, o. [Timelier (-lT-er) ; Time-
liest.] Being in good time ; sufficiently early ;
seasonable. — adv. Early ; soon. — Time'li-
ness, n. — Time'keep'er (-key er), Time'piece'
(-pes'), n. A clock, watch, or other chronome-
ter. — Time'serv'er (-serv'er), n. One who
complies with prevailing customs or opinions. —
Time'serv'ing, a. Obsequiously compliant ;
temporizing. — Time'-ta'ble. n. A list of the
times at which several things are to take place.

Tim'id (tim'Td), a. Wanting in courage to meet
danger ; afraid ; cowardly ; shrinking ; retir-
ing. — Ti-mid'i-ty (ti-mld'I-ty), Tim'id-ness,
n. — Tim'id-ly, adv.

Tim'or-OUS (tlni'er-Qs), a. Timid; manifesting
fear ; full of scruples. — Tim'or-OUS-ly, adv. —
Tim'or-ous-ness, n.

Tim'o-thy (tlm'o-thy), n., Timothy grass. A
kind of fodder grass.

Tin (tin), n. A white, soft metal, very mallea-
ble ; thin plates of iron covered with tin ; money
[Canf]. —v. t. [Tinned (tind) ; Tinning.] To
cover with tin or tinned iron. — Tin toll. Tin
reduced to a thin leaf. — Tin'ner, Tin'man
(•mffii), n. One who works or deals in tinware.

— Tin'ny (-ny), a. Pertaining to, like, or
abounding in. tin.

Tin'cal (tln'kal), n. Crude borax.

Tinct (tinkt), n. Stain ; color ; tinge ; tincture.

— Tinc'ture (tlnk'tur), n. A shade of color ;
a spirituous solution of a substance ; a slight
taste or quality added to anything. — v. t.
[Tinctured (-turd); Tincturing.] To tinge;
to color ; to dye ; to imbue the mind of.

Tin'der (tin'der), n. Something very inflamma-
ble, for kindling fire from a spark. — Tinder
box. A box to hold tinder.

Tine (tin), n. The tooth of a fork ; a prong.

Ting (ting), n. A sharp sound, as of a bell. —
v. i. To tinkle.

Tinge ( tTnj ), v. t. [Tinged (tinjd) ; Ttngeing
(tTnj'fng).] To imbue or impregnate with some-
thing foreign ; to color slightly ; to dye ; to
stain ; to tincture. — n. A slight infusion of
some color, taste, etc. ; a dye.

Tin'gle (tin'g'l), v. i. [Tingled (-gl'd) ; Tin-
gling (-glTng).j To feel a thrilling sensation or
sharp, pricking pain.

Tink'er (tTnk'er), n. A mender of metal kettles,
pans, etc. — v. t. To mend or solder (metal
wares), —v. i. To busy one's self in small me-
chanical work.

Tin'kle (tin'k'l), v. i. & t. [Tinkled (-k'ld) ;
Tinkling (-klTng).] To clink ; to make sharp,
quick sounds. — n. A small, sharp sound.

Tin'man, Tin'ner, Tin'ny. See under Tin, n.

Tin'sel (tln'sel), n. A shining material, more
gaudy than valuable; ornamental lace. — v. t.
[Tinseled (-seld) or Tinselled; Tinseling or
Tinselling.] To deck out with cheap but
showy ornaments.

Tint (tint), n. A slight coloring ; a feeble dye. —
v. t. To tinge.

Ti'ny (ti'ny), a. [Tinier (ti'ni-er) , Tiniest.]
Very small ; little ; puny.

Tip (tip), n. The end ; the point ; a bit of pri-
vate information [Colloq.~\ ; a small fee or pratu-
ity \_Colloq.~]. — v. t. [Tipped (tipt) ; Tipping.]
To form a point upon ; to cover the tip or end
of ; to bestow a gift upon ; to lower one end of ;
to throw upon the end.

Tip'pet (tTp'pgt), n. A muffler, or warm cover-
ing for the neck.

Tip'ple (tTp'p'1)* v. V. & t. [Tippled (-p'ld) ; Tip-
pling (-plTng).T To drink (stronp liquors) habit-
ually. — 7*. Liquor tippled ; drink. — Tip'pler
(-pier). Ti.

Tip'staff (tip'staf), v. ; pi. Tipstaves (-stavz
or -stavz). A constable.

Tip'sy (tTp's^), a. Affected with strong drink;
fuddled. — Tip'si-ly adv. — Tip'si-ness, n.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, lood, loot, out, oil, cliair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TIPTOE

448

TOILET

Tip/toe/ (tip'to7), n. The end of the toe.

Tip'-top' (tTp'topO, n. The highest or utmost
degree. — a. Very excellent. \_Colloq.~\

Ti-rade' (tT-rad'), n. A strain of censure ; in-
vective ; violent declamation.

Tire (tir), n. A row or rank ; a headdress ; at-
tire ; apparel ; an iron hoop, binding the fellies
of a wheel.

Tire (tir), v. t. [Tired (tird) ; Tiring.] To ex-
haust the strength of, by toil or labor ; to weary ;
to fatigue ; to harass. — v. i. To become
weary ; to have one's strength or patience ex-
hausted. — Tired'ness, n. State of being wea-
ried ; weariness. — Tire/SOme (-sum), a. Fitted
to tire ; fatiguing ; tedious. — Tire'SOme-ly,

adv. — Tiie'some-
ness, n.

Tis'sue ( tlsh'u ), n.
Cloth interwoven
with gold, silver, or
figured colors ; a
layer of matter com-
posing an animal or
vegetable body ; a
connected series. —
Tissue paper. Very
thin, gauzelike pa-
per.

Tit (tit), n. A small
horse ; a small bird ;
a titmouse, or tom-
tit. — Tit for tat.
An equivalent.

TlfMt' (tYt'Mtf), n.
A tidbit.

Tlth'a-ble (tith'a-
b'l), a. Subject to
payment of tithes. —
Tithe (tith), n. A
tenth part ; a small proportion. — v. t,
(tithd) ; Tithing.] To tax to the amount of
tenth. — Tith'ing, n. A levying or taking tithe.

Tit'il-late (tTt'Tl-lat), v. t. To tickle. — Tit'il-
la'tion (-la'shun), n. A tickling ; a pleasura-
ble sensation.

Tit'lark/ (tTt'lark'), n. A small
bird of the lark kind ; a pipit.

Ti'tle (ti't'l), n. An inscription ;
right; an appellation of honor;
a denomination. — v. t. [Ti-
tled (-t'ld) ; Titling.] To call
by a title ; to entitle. — Ti'tle-
page' (-pajO, n. The page of a
book which contains its title.

TU'mouse' (tTt'mous'), n. ; pi.
Titmice. A small perching bird
of many species ; the tit or tomtit.

Tit'ter (tit'ter), v. i. [Tittered (-terd) ; Titter-
ing.] To laugh with the tongue against the upper
teeth ; to piggle. — n. A restrained langb.

Tit'tle (tTt't'l), v. A small particle ; a dot ; a jot ;
an iota. — Tit'tle-tat'tle ( - tat ' t'l ), n. Idle,
trifling talk ; empty prattle; gossip.

Tit'U-lar (tTt'ii-ler), a. Existing in title or name
only; nominal. — Tit'U-lar-ly, adv. — Tit'U-la-
ry (-la-r$>), a. Consisting in a title ; titular. —
n. One invested with a title to an office.

TO (too n-Jirn emphasized or alone; too, obscure
or tmemphasized), prep. Indicating approach
and arrival, also motion or tendency ; — opposed
to from.

Top of Toboggan Slide
[Tithed .

ue Titmouse.

Toad (tod), n. A reptile shaped like the frog
but avoiding water, and useful in gardens by
feeding on noxious insects. — Toad'eat'er (-et/-
er), 71. A fawning parasite ; a mean sycophant.

— Toad' Stool' (-stobF), n. A poisonous fungus,
resembling a mushroom. — Toad'y (-y), n. A
toad-eater. — v. t. & i. [Toadied (-id) ; Toady-
ing.] To flatter meanly ; to fawn.

Toast (tost), v. t. To dry and scorch (bread,
cheese, etc.) by the heat of a fire ; to drink to
the health of, or in honor of. — n. Bread dried
and scorched ; a name or sentiment honored by
drinking. — Toast/er, n.
To-bac'CO (to-bak'ko), n. An American plant
used tor smoking and chewing, and in snuff. —
To-bac'co-nist
(-ulst), n. A dealer
in tobacco.
To-bog'gan (t6-bog'-
gon), n. A Cana-
dian sled, made of
a board turned up
at the end, for coast-
ing down hill, or to
be drawn over the
snow by dogs.— v. i.
To ride on a tobog-
gan. [Written also
tarbogin.~\
Toc'sin (tok'sTn), n.

An alarm bell.
Tod (tod), n. A quan-
tity of wool (28
pounds).
To-day' (td6-da'), n.
The present day. —
adv. On this day.
Tod'dle(tod'd'l),t;.i.
[Toddled (-d'ld);
Toddling.] To walk with short steps, as a
child. — Tod'dler, n.
Tod'dy (tSd'uy), n. A mixture of spirit and water

sweetened.
To-do' (tdo-doc/), n. Bustle ; stir ; commotion ;

ado. \_Colloq.\
Toe (to), n. One of the extremities of the foot.

— v. t. [Toed (tod) ; Toeing.] To touch with
the toes ; to come fully up to.

To'ga (to'ga), n. ; pi. E. Togas (-gaz), L. TogjE
(-je). The loose outer garment of the ancient
Romans.

To-geth'er (too-geth'er), adv. In the same place
or time ; contemporaneously ; unitedly ; into
junction.

Tog'ger-y (tog'ger-y), n.
finery. [Colloq.]

Tog'gle (tSg'g'l), n. A pin for securing a rope,
bolt, etc. ; a button. —Toggle Joint. An elbow
or knee joint, formed by two connected
bars, which exert great outward pressure
when brought into a straight line.

Toll (toil), v. i. [Toiled (toild) ; Toiling.]
To labor; to work hard. — n. Labor
With pain and fatigue ; drudgery : task ;

travail. — Toil ' er, ». — Toil 'some

(-sum), a. Attended with toil or pain ;

Laborious; wearisome. — Toil'some-
ness, >>■
Toil (toil),
prey.

Toi'let (toi'iet).

Clothes ; garments ;

A net or snare for taking
A dressing table ; dress.

u, S, 1, 5, a, long ; &, e. 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6be> , finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

TOKAY

449

TOOTHACHE

To-kay' (to-ka'), n. A wiDe made at Tokay, in
Hungary.

ToTten (tc^k'n), n. Something intended to rep-
resent something else ; a sign ; among printers,
ten quires of paper.

Told, imp. &p. p. of Tell.

Tole (tol), v. t. [Toled (told) ; Toling.] To al-
lure by bait.

Tol'er-a-Dle (t5Per-a-b'l), a. Capable of being
endured ; supportable ; sufferable ; not con-
temptible ; passable. — Tol'er-a-ble-ness n. —
Tol'er-a-bly, adv. — Tol'er-ance ( -«ns ), n.

Endurance of offensive persons or opinions ;
toleration. — Tol'er-ant (-a at), a. Inclined to
tolerate ; forbearing ; indulgent. — Tol'er-ate
(-at), v. t. To allow to be or to be done by not
hindering ; to suffer. — Tol'er-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. A tolerating ; sufferance ; freedom from
bigotry, esp. in matters of religion.

Toll (tol), n. A tax paid for some privilege, as
of passing over a bridge or on a highway ; a
miller's share of the grain, taken in compensa-
tion for grinding ; tax ; impost. — Toll'er, Toll
gatherer, TolTman, n. One who receives or
collects toll. — Toll bridge. A bridge where
toll is paid for passing it. -- Toll'gate (-gat), n.
A gate on a road where passers pay toll.

Toll (tol), v. i. & t. [Tolled (told) ; Tolling.]
To ring (a bell) with slow, measured strokes. —
Toll'er, n.

Tom'a-hawk (tom'a-hak), n. A North American
Indian's war
hatchet. —
[Tom
(-hakt

HAWKING.

or kill

ahawk.

To-ma'to

to or to-ma'to), Tomahawk.

n. A plant and

its fruit, eaten either raw or cooked.

Tomb (tobm), n.~ A pit for burying the dead ; a
grave ; a vault. — v. t. [Tombed (toomd) ;
Tombing.] To bury ; to inter. — Tomb'less
(-les), a. Destitute of a tomb. — Tomb/Stone'
(-ston'), n. A stone over a grave, to preserve
the memory of the deceased.

Tom'boy' (tSm'boi'), n. A romping girl.

Tom'cat' (tom'kSt'), n. A male cat.

Tom'COd/ (tom'kSd'), n. A small food fish abun-
dant on the American coast soon after frost
commences ; the frost fish.

Tome (torn), n. A ponderous volume ; a book.

Tom-fool'er-y ( tSm-fobllr-y ), n. Foolish tri-
fling.

To-mor'row (too-moVro), n. The day after the
present. —adv. On the morrow.

Tom'tit (tom'tit' or tSm'tit'), n. A little bird ;
the titmouse.

||Ton (toN), 7i. [F.] The prevailing fashion or
mode; vogue.

Ton (tun), n. The weight of 2,000 or '2,240 pounds ;
a weight or space (about forty cubic feet) by
which the burden of a ship is estimated.

Tone (ton), n. Sound, or the character or qual-
ity of a sound ; inflection or modulation of the
voice ; a whining or affected speech ; musical
pitch of a sound, or interval between contiguous
sounds ; healthy state of the body, or of mind ;
temper ; mood ; character ; spirit ; drift. — v. t.

lawk (tom'a-hak), n. A North American

an's war w

Bt. — V. t. JL+

AHAWKED ^EkzSt

t); Toma- ^^^\\

ln-g.] to cut ^^ mm

with atom- ^.v**-^ A-J^
:0 ( to-ma'- ^^

[Toned ; Toning.] To utter with an affected
tone ; to tune. — To tone down. To give a
lower tone or sound to ; to diminish the striking
characteristics of ; to soften. — Tone'less (-les),
a. Having no tone ; unmusical.

Tongs (tongz), n. pi. A two-legged instrument,
for handling lire or heated metals.

Tongue (.tiing), n. The organ of taste and speech ;
discourse ; a language ; anything resembling an
animal*s tongue ; as, the tongue of a buckle ; a
tongue of land, etc. — v. t. [Tongued (tfingd) ;
Tonguing.] To modulate with the tongue (notes,
in playing the Mute, etc.) ; to join by means of
a tongue and groove. — To hold the tongue.
To be silent.— Tongued (tungd), a. Having a
tongue. — Tongue'less ( t tingles ), a. Having
no tongue ; speechless ; mute. — Tongue'-tied'
(-tid/), a. Unable to speak freely.

Ton'ic (ton'ik), a. Relating to tones or sounds ;
increasing tension, strength; or the tone of the
annual system. — n. A tonic medicine.

To-nlghf' (too-nit'), n. The present night, or
night after this day. —adv. On this night.

Ton'nage (tiin'i.aj). n. The weight of goods or
cubical content of a ship in tons ; a duty on
ships, estimated per ton.

Ton-neau' (ton-no'), n. An automobile body
rounded at the back.

Ton'sil (ton'sil), n. One of two glands in the
throat. — Ton'sil-i'tis (-i'tls), n. Inflammation
of the tonsils.

Ton-SO'ri-al (ton-so'rT-al), a. Pertaining to a
barber, or to shaving. — Ton'sure (-shur), n.
A clipping the hair, or shaving the crown of the
head ; the crown which Roman Catholic priests
wear as a mark of their order.

Ton-tine' (ton-ten'), n. Annuity; survivorship.

TOO (too), adv. Over ; more than enough ; also ;
in addition ; likewise.

Took, imp. of Take.

Tool (tool), n. An instrument to facilitate me-
chanical operations ; an implement ; a hireling
or emissary. — v. t. [Tooled (tobld) ; Tool-
ing.] To shape or finish with a tool. — Tool'-
ing, n. Workmanship performed with a tool.

Toot (toot), v. ?'. To make a sound by contact of
tongue and teeth ; to sound a horn. — v. I. To
blow; to sound. — Toot'er. '/.

Tooth (tooth), n. ; pi. Teeth (teth). One of the

Permanent Teeth of the Right Side of the
Upper ami Under Juw of Man. so In-

- b i 'unities i cc Bicuspid* : • /</•/ Mo-
lars ; e Crown : / Nuck ; ;/ Fang or Root.

small bones attached to the jaws for chewing
food; a projection; ;i tine: a prong. — r. t.
[Toothed ( tootht ) ; Toothing.] To furnish
with teeth; to indent; to cut into teeth. —
Tooth'ache' (-5k'), "• 1>;li" •" t,|p teeth.—

fern, recent, drb, rade, full, urn, food, fdot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TOOTHLESS

450

TOUCH

IT Top.

TO0thl3SS (tooth'les), a. Having no teeth. —
Tooth/pick' (-pik'), n. An instrument for
cleaning the teetw. — Tooth'SOme (-sum), a.
Gratelul to the taste ; palataule.

Top (top), n. The highest part of anything ; the
platform at the head of a ship's
lower mast ; toy made to spin
on its point. — v. i. [Topped
(topt) ; Topping.] To rise aloft;
to predominate ; to rise above
others. — v. I. To cover on
the top; to cap; to rise above;
to surpass; to crop.

To'paz (typfe), n. A precious
stone, generally yellowish and
pellucid.

Tope (top), v. i. [Toped (topt) ; Toping.] To
drink hard or to excess. — To'per, n. A drunk-
ard ; a sot.

Top'-heav'y (top'heV^), a. Having the top or
upper part too heavy lor the lower.

To'phet (to'iet), n. Hell.

Top'ic (tSp'Ik), n. A subject of discourse, argu-
ment, etc. ; a matter treated of ; a point ; a
head. — Top'ic, Top'ic-al (-T-kol), a. Pertain-
ing to a place ; local. — Top'ic-al-ly, adv.

Top'knot' (top'uot/), n. A crest of leathers on
the head of a bird ; a knot or bow worn on the
head by women.

Top'mast (topmast), n. The mast next above
the lower mast.

Top'most' (top'most/), a. Highest; uppermost.

To-pog'ra-phy (to-pog'ra-fy), u. The description
or a particular place, city, tract of land, etc. ;
the exact delineation of any place or region. —
To-pog'ra-pher (-fer), n. One skilled in topog-
raphy. — Top' o-graph'lc (toyo-graflk), Top'-
O-graph'lC-al (-f-kol), a. Pertaining to topog-
raphy. — Top'o-graph'ic-al-ly, adv.

Top'piig (t5p'ping), a. Rising above ; surpass-
ing; proud.

Top'ple (tSp'p'l), v. i. [Toppled (-p'ld) ; Top-
pling (-plTng).] To fall forward; to pitch or
tumble down.

Top'sail' (top'sal' ; tor/s'l, among seamen), n. A
sail extended across the topmast.

Top'sy-ttir'vy (tSp'sy-tfir'v^), adv. In an in-
verted posture ; with the top or head down-
ward ; upside down.

Torch (torch), n. A light formed of n combus-
tible substance; a flambeau. — Torch'bear er
(-baVer), n. On i who carries a torch. — Torch'-
iight' (-lit'), n. The light of a torch.

Tore. imp. o* Tf.ar.

Tor'meat < tor'ment), n. Extreme pain ; anguish.
— Tor-iafcnt' (tor-nignt'). v. t. To pain; to

distress. — Tor-ment'er, Torment/or, n.
Torn, p. p. of Texr.
Tor-na'do (tdr-iia di), n. ; pi. Tornadoes (-doz).

A violent gust of wind ; a hurricane.
Tor-pe'dO (tdr-pe'di), "• ! Pl- Torpedoes (-doz)

A fish of the ray kind,

which can give electric

shocks ; an apparatus

for blowing wp ships,

etc. ; pellet exploded by

concussion. — Torpedo

boat- A vessei adapted

for firine; torpedoes.
Torpid (tor'pTd).«. With-
out motion, or the power of exertion and feeling ;

Extreme pain ; anguish ;
I. [Tortured (-turd) ;

pi. Torpedoes (-doz).

numb ; sluggish ; inactive. — Tor-pid'i-ty (-pid'-
T-ry), Tor'pid-ness, Tor'pi-tude (-pT-tud), n. —
Torpor (tor'per), n. The state of being tor-
pid ; inactivity ; stupidity.

Torre-fac'tion (tor're-fSk'shQn), n. A torrefying.
— Tor're-fy (-fi), v. t. [Torrefied (-fid) ; Tor-
refying. ] To dry by a fire ; to parch ; to roast
or scorch (metallic ores).

Tor'rent (tor'rent), n. A violent stream ; a strong
current.

Tor'rid (tor'rTd), a. Parched; dried with heat;
burning or parching. — Torrid zone. That
belt of the earth between the tropics, where
heat is always great.

Tor'sion (tSr'shun), n. A turning or twisting ; the
force with which a thread, wire, etc., untwists.

Tor'SO (tQr'so), n. ; pi. E. Torsos (-soz) ; It. Torsi
(-se). The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head
and limbs.

Tort (tort), n. Wrong ; injury done. — Tor'tiOUS
(tor'shuc), a. Injurious; done wronglully.

Tor'toise (t6r'tis or -tiife), n. A reptile incased
in two leathery or
scaly shields, and
having horny jaws in
place of teeth.

Tor'tU-OUS (t8r'tu-u>),
a. Bent in different
directions ; twisted ;
wrong ; deceitful.

Tor'ture (t6r'tfir), n.
agony; torment . — v

Torturing.] To put to torture ; to pain ex-
tremelv. — Tor'tUT-er, n.

To'ry (to'ry), n. ; pi. Tories (-rTz). One of the
conservative party, as opposed to the whig or
progressive party. — a. Pertaining to the to-
ries. — To'ry-ism (-Tz;m), n. The principles
of the tories.

TOSS (tos), v. t. [Tossed (less properly Tost) ;
Tossing.] To throw with the hand ; to throw
upward or with a jerk. — v. i. To roll and
tumble ; to be in commotion. — n. A tossiug.

Tot (tot), n. Anything small.

To'tal (to'tal), a. Full ; complete ; entire ; in-
tegral ; not divided. — n. The whole ; the
whole amount. — To-tal'i-ty (to-tall-ty), n.
The whole sum, quantity, or amount. — To/-
tal-ly, adv.

Tote (tot), i-.f.

To carry or
bear. [Col-
loq., South-
ern u. s.-\

Tot'ter (t5t'ter), v. i.
[Tottered ( - 1 3 1 d ) ;
Tottering.] To shake
so as to threaten a fall ;
to reel ; to lerm.

TOU'can (too'kSn), n. A
4- tropical American

fruit-eating bird, hav-
ing a very lanre bill.

Touoh (tucli ). ''. t.
[ Touched ( t ucht ) ;
Touching.] To come
in contact with ; to
reach to ; to attain ;
to feel; to affect or
move ; to afflict or
To be in contact ; to treat

Toucan
distress. — 1».

a, e, i, 5, u, long ; a, 6, 1, fl, tt, y, short ; Benftte, gvent, idea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

TOUCHBACK

451

TRADE

anything slightly in discourse. — n. A touch-
ing ; contact ; the sense of feeling or common
sensation; a small quantity; a little; test;
proof. — Touch/back' (-bak'), n. The touching
a football down by a player behind his own
line, when it was last imoelled by an opponent.
— Touch'down' (-doun'j, n. The touching a
football down behind the enemy's goal. — Safe-
ty touchdown. The touching to the ground,
behind one's own goal line, a ball last impelled
by one of his own side. — Touch/hole7 (-hoi'),
n. The vent of a caimon, etc., by which fire is
communicated to the powder. — Touch'ing, a.
Affecting ; moving ; pathetic. — prep. Con-
cerning ; relating: to ; with respect to. —
Touch '-me-not' (-me-nof), n. A plant which
burets whan handled, and ejects its see^s ; the
squirting cucumber. — Touch'Stone7 (-ston'), v.
A compact siliceous schist, which indicates the
purity of gold and silver by the streak im-
pressed on the stone ; a test or criterion. —
Touch'WOOd' (-wtxid'), n. Decayed wood, used
like a match for taking fire from a spark. —
Touch'y, n. Peevish ; irritable ; irascible. —
Touch'i-ness, n.

Tough (tut), o. [Tougher; Toughest.] Flexi-
ble but uot brittle ; not easily broken ; firm ;
tenacious; stiff; rigid ; violent. — n. A rowdy.
[Colloq.] — Tough/ness, n. — Tough'en (tfif'-
'n), v. i. [Toughened (-'nd) ; Toughening.]
To grow tough or tougher, —v. t. To make
tough.

Tou-pee7 (tod-pe7), T0U-pet' (tob-pa'), n. A small
wig.

TOUT (toor), n. A going round ; a journey ; an
excursion. — v. i. [Toured (toord) ; Touring.]
To make a tour. — Tour'ist (-Tst), n. One who
makes a tour ; a traveler ior pleasure.

Toui'na-ment (toor'na-ment or tGr'-), n. A
mock fight or martial contest between horse-
men. — Tour'ney (-ny), n. A tournament. —
v. i. To engage in a tournament ; to tilt.

Tour'ni-quet (toor'nY-kSt or tGr'-), n. [F.] A
surgical bandage tightened with a screw, to
check the riow of blood.

HTour-nure' (toor-nur'), n. [F.] Turn ; con-
tour ; figure ; a bu-tle.

TOUSO (touz), r. 1. & t. To pull ; to haul ; to
tear. — Tous'er, n.

Tou'sle (tou'z'l), v. t. To put into disorder; to
tumble ; to touse. [Colloq.~\

HTout -en'sem'ble (tod'tiiN'saN'br), «. [F., all
together.] The general effect of a work as a
whole.

Tow (to), v. t. [Towed (tod) ; Towing.] To
drag (a vessel) through the water by a rope. —
n. A towing; a vessel or group of vessels
towed. — Tow'agO (-aj), n. A towing; price
paid for tow ing. — Tow'boat', n. A boat which
is tow- r for towing other vessels. —

Tow'line' (-Jin'), Tow'rope' (-rop/). n. A rope
for towing a vessel. — Tow'patb/ (-path'), n.
A path, beside a canal, for the beasts that tow-
boats.

TOW (to), n. The coarse and broken part of flax
or hemp.

To'ward (to'erd), To/wards (t./enlz), prep. In
the direction of; with respect to; regarding;
nearly; about. — adv. Near; at hand; in a
state" of preparation. — To'ward (-wenl), a.
Ready to do or learn ; not froward ; apt. —

Tower.

To/ward-ness, n. — To'ward-ly (-\f), a. To-
ward ; docile ; tractable. — To'ward-li-ness, n.

Tow'boat', n. See under Tow, v. t.

Tow'el (tou'el), n. A cloth for wiping the
hands, and for other purposes ; a napkin.

Tow'er (tou'er), n. A lofty edifice ; a citadel ; a
fortress, —v. i. [Tow-
ered ( -erd ) ; Tower-
ing.] To be lofty or
very high ; to soar ; to
mount. — Tow'er-lng,
a. Very high ; ex-
treme ; surpassing.

Tow'ttne7, Tow'patb'.
S^e under Tow, v. t.

| Town (toun), n. A col-
lection of houses larger
than a village ; the in-
habitants of a town ; a
township ; a metropo-
lis or its inhabitants.
— Town'ship, n. The
district or territory of
a town. — Towns'man
( tounz'man ), n. ; pi.
Townsmen (-men). A resident of a town ; one
of the same town with another. — Town talk.
The common talk or gossip of a place.

Tox'1-COl'o-gy (toks'T-kol'6-jy), n. The science
of poisons, their effects, antidotes, etc. — Tox'-
i-co-log'ic-al (-ki-lojl-kal), a.

Tox'in, Tox'ine (toks'hi), n. A poison made by
bacteria, as a ptomaine.

Toy (toi), n. A plaything for children ; a trifle ;
lolly; sport. — v. i. [Toyed (toid); Toying.]
To dally amorously ; to trifle ; to wanton. —
Toy'er, n. — Toy'man (-man), n. ; pi. Toymen.
One who deals in toys.

Trace (tras), n. A mark ; a footprint ; a track ;
a token ; one of the two straps, etc., attaching
ahorse to a vehicle. — v. t. [Traced (trast) ;
Tracing.] To delineate with marks; to copy
(a drawing) by following the lines and marking
them on a sheet superimposed ; to follow the
trace or track of. — Trace'a-ble, a. Capable
of being traced. — Tra'cer-y (tra'ser-y), n.
Ornamental carving in architecture.

Tra'che-a (tra'ke-a, L. tra-ke'a), n. ; pi. Tra-
cheae (-e). The windpipe.

Track (tr5k), n. A mark left by something pass-
ing, or by the foot ; a trace ; a vestige ; a road ;
a path ; a way ; the line of rails of a railroad. —
v.t. [Tracked (trSkt); Tracking.] To follow
by traces; to tow (a vessel). — Track'age (-ajl,
n. A tow ing (a boat). — Track'less, a. Having
no track ; untrodden.

Tract (trSkt), n. Something drawn out or ex-
tended ; a region (of land or water) of indefinite
extent ; a written discourse ; a short treatise on

Tract'a-ble (trakt'a-b'l), a. Easily 1<m1 or man-
aged; docile; practicable; feasible. — Tract'a-
ble-ness. Tract a-bil'1-ty (-Ml'T-U ■), n.

Tract'ile i.rrXkt'Tl). a. Capable of being drawn
out in length ; ductile. — Trac-til'l-ty (trSk-
tTl'T-f.

Trac'tion (trSk'ahfin), n. A drawing. — Tract'ive

(trSkt'Tv). a. Drawing; pulling; attracting.
Trade (trad), n. Exchange of oommoditiefl by
barter ; commerce ; traffic ; a business which
ono has learned and carries on ; mechanical

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TRADER

452

TRANSCENDENTALIST

employment ; men of the same occupation ; pi.
the trade winds. — v. i. & t. To barter, or to
buy and sell ; to traffic ; to bargain. — Trad'er
(trad'er), n. — Trademark' (trad'niark'), n. A
distinguishing mark used by a manufacturer on
his goods ; a label. — Trades'man (tradz'mau),
n. ; pi. Tradesmen. One who trades ; a shop-
keeper ; a mechanic or artificer. — Trades un-
ion, Trade union. A combination among work-
men for maintaining their wages, hours of
labor, customs, etc. — Trade wind. A period-
ical wind in or near the torrid zone, very ser-
viceable to navigators, and hence to trade.
Tra-di'tion (tra-dish'un), n. A delivering into
the hands of another ; the oral delivery of opin-
ions and customs, from father to sou ; knowl-
edge transmitted without written memorials.

— Tra-di/tion-al (-al), a. Pertaining to, or de-
rived from, tradition. — Tra-di'tion-al-ly, adv.

— Tra-di'tion-a-ry (-a-ry), a. Traditional.
Tra-duoe' (tra-duV), v. t. [Teaduced (-dust/) ;

Traducing.] To represent as blamable ; to mis-
represent ; to calumniate ; to defame_; to de-
preciate ; to slander. — Tra-du'cer (-du'ser), n.

Tra-duc'tion (tra-duk'shun), n. Derivation ; prop-
agation ; a transferring ; transportation.

Traffic (traf'f ik), n. Commerce ; dealing ; trade ;
movement of goods and passengers on railroads,
vessels, etc. — v. i. & t. [Trafficked (-fikt) ;
Trafficking.] To buy and sell; to barter; to
trade. — Trafficker, n.

Trag'a-canth (trag'a-kanth), n. The gum of sev-
eral plants, used medicinally, in confectionery,
as a substitute for gum arabic, etc.

Tra-ge'di-an (tra-je'di-an), n. An actor or a
writer of tragedy. — ||Tra-ge'dienne' (tra-zha'-
dyen' ; E. tra-jeMI-en'), n. A woman who
plays in tragedy.

Tiag'e-dy (tr5j'e-dy), n. ; pi. Tragedies (-dTz).
A dramatic representation of some signal action
by illustrious persons, generally resulting fatal-
ly ; a fatal and mournful event ; a loss of life
by violence. — Trag'iC (-ik), Trag'ic-al (-1-
kfll), a. Pertaining to tragedy ; fatal to life ;
calamitous; mournful; expressive of sorrow.

— Trag'ic-al-ly, adv. — Trag'ic-al-ness, n.—
Trag'i-COm/e-dy (-k5ui'e-dy), n. A composi-
tion which unites tragedy and comedy. — Trag'-
i-com'ic (-Ik), Trag'i-com'ic-al (-T-kal), a.
Pertaining to tragi-comedy.

Trail (tral), v. t. & i. [Tradled (trald) ; Trail-
ing.] To drag along the ground; to draw out.

— n. Scent left on the ground by an animal ;
anything drawn to length ; a train.

Train (tran), v. t. [Trained (trand) ; Training.]
To draw along ; to trail ; to entice ; to teach
and form by practice ; to exercise ; to disci-
pline ; to direct or form (plants) by growth,
lopping, or pruning. — n. A thing drawn along ;
that which is in the hinder part or rear ; a num-
ber of followers ; a retinue ; a series ; regular
method ; process ; a line of gunpowder, to fire
a charge ; a connected line of cars on a rail-
road ; the trailing part of a long garment. —
Traln'er, n. — Train'a-ble, a. Capable of being
trained. —Train'bear'er (-baVer), n. An at-
tendant who bears up the train of a garment.

Train' oil' (tran' oil')- Oil boiled from the blub-
ber or fat of whales.

Trait (trat), n. A stroke ; a marked feature or
peculiarity.

Trai'tor (tra'ter), n. One who violates his alle-
giance ; one guilty of treason ; a betrayer. —
Trai'tor-ess (-es), Trai'tress (-ties), n. A wo-
man who betrays. — Trai'tor-OUS (-tei-us), a.
Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious;
disloyal. — Trai'tor-ous-ly, adv. — Trai'tor-
ous-ness, n.
Tra-ject' ( tra-jekt' ), v. t. To throw or cast
through. — Tra-jec'tion (-jek'sl.un), n. A
trajecting; a throwing or casting through or
across ; emission. — Tra-ject'O-ry (-jek't6-ry),
n. The curve which a moving body describes
in space.
Tram (trSm), n. A coal wagon used in English
mines ; a rail or track of a tramroad. — Tram'-
road' (-rod'), Traru'way' (-wa'), n. A road for
easy transit of trains or wagons, by smooth
blocks of stone, beams of wood, or plates or
rails of iron.
Tram'mel (tram'mel), n. A shackle; a hook;
an impediment to progress or freedom. — v. t.
[Trammeled (-meld) or Trammelled ; Tram-
meling or Trammelling.] To confine ; to ham-
per ; to shackle. — Tram'mel-er, n.
Tra-mon'tane ( tra-mon'tan or trarn'on-tan ), a.
Lying or being beyond the mountain ; foreign ;
barbarous.
Tramp (tramp), v. t. & i. [Tramped (trSmt);
Tramping.] To tread ; to travel. — n. The
sound of the foot in walking or marching; a
foot journey ; a foot traveler ; a vagrant.
Tram'ple (tram'p'l), v. t. [Trampled (-p'ld);
| Trampling (-pltng).] To tread under foot ; to

prostrate by treading. — Tram'pler, n.
I Tranee (trans), n: A state of insensibility ; ec-
i stasy ; catalepsy.

; Tran'quil (trSn'kwil), a. Quiet ; calm ; undis-
! turbed. — Tran'quil-ly, adv. — Tran'quil-
| ness, Tran-quil'li-ty (trSn-kwTl'H-ty), n. —
Tran'quil-ize (-iz), Tran'quil-lize, v. t. [Tras-
qdilized (-izd) or Tranquillized ; Tranquil-
izing (-T'zTng) or Tranquillizing.] To render
tranquil ; to quiet ; to compose ; to soothe ; to
pacify. — Tran'quil-i'zer, Tran'quil-li'zer, n.
Trans-act' (trans-Skf), v. t. To do ; to perform ;
to manage. — Trans-act'or (-er), n. — Trans-
action (-ak'shun), n. A doing or performing ;
thing done ; an affair ; an action ; a process.
I Trans-al'pine (trans-al'pin or -pin), a. Lying be-
| yond the Alps (in regard to Rome, that is, north
j or west of the Alps) : — opposed to cisalpine.
i Trans'at-lan'tic (tr5ns' 5t-lan'tlk), a. Being be-
yond the Atlantic.
Tran-scend' (trSu-se'nd') v. t. To rise above ; to
surmount ; to go beyond ; to surpass ; to excel ;
to exceed.— Tran-scend'ent (-ent), a. Very
excellent ; surpassing others ; exceeding the
bounds of human knowledge.— Tran-scend'ent-
ly, adv. — Tran-scend'ent-ness, Tran-scend'-
ence (-his), Tran-scend'en-cy (-eu-sy), n. —
Tran'scen-den'tal (trSn'sen-dgn'tal), a. Su-
pereminent ; surpassing others ; beyond the
reach of ordinary experience or knowledge ; ab-
struse ; vague ; illusive. — Tran'scen-den'tal-
ly, adv. — Tran'scen-den'tal-ness, n. — Tran'-
SCen-den'tal-ism (-Tl'm), n. The transcending
or going beyond empiricism ; a philosophical
Bystem which claims universal knowledge ; that
which is vague and illusive in philosophy. —
Tran'scen-den'tal-ist, n. One who professes
transcendentalism.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 5, a, y, Bhort ; senate, Svent, tdea, 6bey, Onite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

TRANSCRIBE

453

TRANSPLANTATION

Tran-SCribe' (tr5n-skrlb'), v. t. [Transcribed
(-sknbd'); Transcribing.] To write over
again; to copy. — Tran-scrib'er, n. — Tran'-
script ( -skrlpt ), n. A thing transcribed ; a
written copy ; an imitation. — Tran-scrip'tion
(-skrip'shun), n. A transcribing or copying.

Tran'sept (trSn'sept), n. A part of a church
crossing the body or nave at right angles.

Trans-f er' ( trilns - fer' ), v. t. [ Transferred
(-ferd') ; Transferring.] To convey from one
place or person to auother ; to sell ; to alienate.
— Trans'f er ( trans'fer ), n. A transferring ;
conveyance ; removal. — Trans-fer'rer (-leV-
rer), n. — Trans-fer'a-ble (-f er'a-b'l or -fer'a-
b'l), a. Capable of being transferred ; negoti-
able. — Trans'fer-ence (tr5us'fer-ens), Trans-
f er'rence ( tr5ns-f er'rens or -fer'rens ), n. A
transferring ; transfer. — Trans- fer'ri-ble (-11-
b'l), a. Transferable.

Trans-fig'U-ra'tion (trans-fig'i^a^shun), n. A
change of form ; a feast (August G) commemo-
rating the changed appearance of our Savior on
the mount. — Trans-fig'ure (-fig'ur), v. t.
[Transfigured (-urd) ; Transfiguring.] To
change the appearance of ; to transform.

Trans-fix' (tr5ns-fiks'), v. t. To pierce through.

Trans-form' (tr5ns-f6rm'), v. t. [Transformed
( -f6rmd' ) ; Transforming.] To change the
form of ; to metamorphose ; to transmute. —
Trans' for-ma'tion (-for-uia'shun), n. A trans-
forming ; transfiguration.

Trans-fnse' ( trans -fuz'), v. t. [Transfused
(-fuzd'); Transfusing.] To pour out of one
(vejssel, etc.) into another. — Trans-fu'si-ble
(-fu'zT-b'l), a. Capable of being transfused. —
Trans-fn'sion (-zhun), n. A transfusing

Transgress' (tr5ns-grgs'), v. t. [Transgressed
(-grgsf) ; Transgressing.] To overpass (a rule);
to break or violate (a law), —v. i. To sin. —
Trans-gres'sion (-grgsh'un), n. A transgress-
ing ; a fault ; an offense ; a crime ; misdeed. —
Trans-gress'ive (trSns-gres'Tv), a. Disposed
to transgress ; faulty. — Trans-gress'or (-er), n.

Tran-ship', v. t. See Transship.

Tran'sient ( tran'sheut ), a. Passing; of short
duration ; momentary ; fleeting ; evanescent. —
Tran'sient-ly, adv. — Tran'sient-ness, n.

Trans'it (trSus'Tt), n. A passing ; a passage ; a
line of conveyance ; a passage of a heavenly body
over a meridian, through the field of a telescope,
across the disk of a larger body, etc. ; a sur-
veyor's instru-
ment, for measur-
ing angles.

Tran-si'tion (tran-
sizh ' un ), n. A
passing from one
place or state to
another ; change.
— Tran-si'tion-al,
a. Containing or
denoting transi-
tion.

Tran'si-tive (trSn'-
sT-tlv), a. Ef-
fected by trans-
ference ; express-
ing action by an
agent upon an ob-
ject. — Tran'sl-tive-ly, adv. In a transitive

Surveyor's Transit.

I Tran'Si-tO-ry (tran'sl-to-ry ), a. Continuing only
for a short time ; transient ; short-lived. —
I Tran'si-to-ri-ly, adv. — Tran'si-to-ri-ness, n.
Trans-late7 (trans-laf), v. t. To remove from
I one place or condition to another ; to trans-
form ; to render into auother language ; to in-
terpret. — Trans-la'tion (-la'shiin), n. A trans-
lating ; a version. — Trans-lat'or (-lat'er), n.
Trans-lit'er-ate (trans-llt'er-at), v. t. To express
by different (usually simpler) alphabetic char-
acters.
Trans-lU'cent (trans-lu'sent), a. Transmitting
light, but not fully transparent ; pellucid. —
Trans-ln'cence (-sens), Trans-lu'cen-cy (-sen-
sy), n. Partial transparency.
Trans'ma-rine7 (traWma-reu'), a. Lying beyond

the sea.
Trans'mi-grant (trans'ml-grant), a. Migrating.
— • Trans'mi-grate (-grat), v. i. To pass trom
one country to another for residence ; to mi-
grate. — Trans'mi-gra'tor (-gra'ter), n. —
Trans'mi-gra'tion (-shun), n. A migrating ; the
passing of the soul into another body.
Trans-mis'sl-ble (trans-mTs'si-b'l), a. Capable
of being transmitted, or of being passed
through any substance. — Trans - mis ' sion
(-mTsh'un),n. A transmitting, or state of being
transmitted ; a legal right to transmit any in-
heritance, right, or privilege, to one's heirs or
successors. — Trans-mis'sive ( -mTs'sTv ), a.
Capable of being transmitted. — Trans-mif
(-intf), v. t. [Transmitted; Transmitting.]
To pass over or through ; to send from one per
son or place to another. — Trans-mit'ter, n. —
Trans-mit'ti-ble (-tT-b'l), a. Transmissible.
Trans-mut'a-ble (traus-mufa-b'l), a. Capable
of being transmuted Trans-mnt'a-bly, adv.

— Trans'mn-ta'tion (trajis'mu-ta'shun), n. A
transmuting ; the change or reduction of one
geometrical figure or body into an equivalent
one of a different form. — Trans-mute7 (-miit'),
v. t. To change from one nature, form, or sub-
stance, into another ; to transform.

Tran'som (trXn'sOm), n. A cross beam or bar ;

a lintel. — Transom window.

A window divided into two ^

parts by a transom.
Trans-par'ent ( trSns-pSr'ent ),

a. Transmitting light, so that

bodies can be distinctly seen ;

clear ; bright : limpid ; lucid, aaa Transoms.

— Trans-par'ent-ly, adv. —
Trans-par'ent-ness, n. — Trans - par ' en - cy
(-en-sy), n. Transparencies* ; anything trans-
parent; a picture on thin cloth, t'la.s-. porce-
lain, etc. shown clearly by natural or artificial
light shining through it.

Tran-spic'U-OUS (trSn-spTk'u-us), a. Transpar-
ent.

Trans-pierce' (tr5ns-pers'), v. t. [Transpierced
(-persf) ; Transpiercing.] To pierce through ;
to penetrate.

Tran-spire' (tran-epir')i v. t. [Transpired;
Transfiiuno.'] T.> emit through the skin: to
send oil in vapor.— v. i. Topmaa off in per-
Bpiration or vapor ; to become public; to come
to pass. _ Tran spi-ra'tion (-opI-raVahfin), n.

I 'I'CS.

Trans-plant' (trSns-plant'), v. I. To remove and

plant- h, another place. — Trans plan-ta'tion
(-pl5n-ta'sliun\ n. A transplanting.

fgm, recent, drb, r^de, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, tliin.

TRANSPORT

454

TREASONABLY

Trans-port' (trans-porf), v. t. To convey from
one place to another ; to remove ; to carry (a
criminal) into banishment ; to delight exceed-
ingly. — Trans'port (trans'port), a. Transpor-
tation ; carriage ; a ship for transporting (sol-
diers, stores, etc., from one place to another, or
convicts to their destination) ; vehement emo-
tion ; passion ; a convict transported to exile. —
Trans-port'a-tole (-port'a-b'l), a. Capable of
being transported. — Trans' por-ta'tion (-por-
ta'shiin), n. A transporting ; removal ; con-
veyance ; banishment. — Trans-port/er, n.

Trans-pose' ( trans -poz'), v. t. [/Transposed;
Transposing.] To change the place or order
of ; to substitute one for the other. — Trans-
pos'al (-«l), Trans'po-si'tion (-po-zish'im), n.
A transposing.

Trans-Ship' (trans-shTp*'), v. t. To transfer from
one ship or other conveyance to another.

Tran'sub-stan'ti-ate (tran'sub-stSn'shT-at), v. t.
To change into another substance. — Tran'-
SUb-Stan'ti-a'tion (-a'shun), n. A change into
another substance ; the Roman Catholic doc-
trine that the bread and wine in the eucharist
are converted into the body and blood of Christ.

Transude' (tran-sud'), v. i. To pass through
pores, as sweat. — Tran'SU-da'tion (-su-da'-
shun), n. A transuding.

Trans-verse' (trSns-vers'), a. Lying across, or
in a crosswise direction. — n. The longer axis

of an ellipse. — Trans- verse'ly, adv. — Trans-

ver'sal (-ver'sal), a. Running or lying across.
— n. A straight or curved line intersecting a
geometrical system of other lines.

Trap (trap), n. A snare ; a contrivance for catch-
ing animals ; an ambush ; a stratagem ; a drain
pipe for removing water from sinks, etc., with-
out escape of sewer gas; a wagon or light
vehicle [ Colloq. ] — v. t. & i. [Trapped (trapt) ;
Trapping.] To catch (game, foul gases, etc.) in
a trap ; to insnare. — Trap'per, n. — Trap'door'
(-dor'), n. A door, in a floor or root, which
shuts close like a valve. — Trapdoor spider.
A large spicier whose nest
is a vertical hole in the
ground, closed with a
hinged lid, like a trapdoor.

Trap (trap), n. A heavy,
igneous rock, like basalt,

Trap' (trap), v. t. [Trapped

( trapt ) ; Trapping.] To

adorn; to decorate. —

Trap'pings (-pTngz),n. pi.

Decorations ; ornaments

for horses. — Traps, n. pi.

Small portable articles ;

goods ; things ; furniture.

lColloq.-\
Tra-pan' (tra-paV), v. t.

[TRAPANNED(-pand'); Tra-

panning. J To trap ; to en-
trap ; to insnare. — n. A

snare; a stratagem. —

Tra-pan'ner, n.
Tra-peze' (tra-pez'), n. A trapezium

Trapdoor Spider

a swinging

bar, with suspended rods, for gymnastic per-
formances. — Tra-pe'zi-um(-re'zT-um), n. ; pi.
E. Trapeziums (-umz) ; L. Trapezia (-a). A ge-
ometrical plane figure contained under four
right lines, of which no two are parallel.

Trap'e-ZOid (trSp'e-zoid), n. A geometrical plane
figure of four sides, two of which are parallel to
each other.

Trap'per, n. See under Trap, a snare.

Trap'pings, n. pi. See under Trap, to adorn.

Trash (tiash), n. Anything worthless; stuff
good for nothing ; loppings of trees, bruised
canes, etc. — Trash'y (-y), a. [Trashier (-T-
er) ; Trashiest.] Like trash ; waste : worthless.

Trav'ail (trav'al), v. i. [Travailed (trav'ald);
Ira vailing.] To toil ; to sutler the pangs of
childbirth. — n. Severe toil; parturition.

Trav'el (traVel), v. i. [Traveled (-eld) or Trav-
elled ; Traveling or Travelling.] To go on
foot ; to walk ; to pass to a distant place ; to
journey. — v. t. To journey over. — n. A trav-
eling ; pi. an account of occurrences during a
journey. — Trav'el-er, Trav'el-ler, n.

Trav'erse (traVers), a. Transverse ; lying across
something else. — n. Anything that traverses,
crosses, thwarts, or obstructs ; a barrier ; a
legal denial of matter alleged by the opposite
party. — v. t. [Traversed ( -erst ) ; Travers-
ing.] To cross ; to thwart ; to wander over ; to
pass over and view ; to make formal denial of
what the opposite party has alleged in legal pro-
ceedings. — Trav'ers-er, n.

Trav'es-ty (trav'gs-ty), n. A burlesque of a
work; a parody, —v. t. [Travestijed (-tid)',
Travestying.] To translate or parody so as to
render ludicrous.

Trawl (tral), n. A trawl net ; a long fishing line,
having short lines with baited hooks attached to
it. —v. i. To take fish with a trawl. — Trawl'-
er, n. — Trawl net. A drag net for catching
fish near the bottom of the water.

Tray (tra), ». A small trough; a waiter or
salver.

Treach'er-OUS (trech'er-us), a. Like a traitor ;
involving treachery ; betraying a trust ; faith-
less ; false ; insidious ; plotting. — Treach'er-y
(-y), n. Violation of allegiance, faith, or confi-
dence ; treasonable or perfidious conduct.

Trea'cle (tre'k'l), n. Thick siruj. produced in
refining sugar ; molasses.

Tread (tred), v: i. [imp. Trod (trSd); p. p.
Trodden (-d'n), Trod ; p. pr. Treading.] To
step ; to set the foot ; to walk or go. —v. t. To
walk upon ; to trample. — n. A treading ; man-
ner of stepping ; gait ; the flat part of a stair on
which the foot is set ; the part of a car wheel
that bears upon a rail. — Tread'er, n. — Tread'-
mill' (trSd'mTl'), n. A mill worked by persons
(usually convicts)
who tread on
steps forming
the periphery
of a wheel that
revolves under
their weight;
a monot onoua
round of toil.

Trea'dle(trSd"l),
n. The part of a
loom, etc., moved by the foot.

Trea'son (tre'z'n), n. An attempt to overthrow
or betray the government to which one owes
allegiance ; disloyalty ; treachery. — Trea'son-
a-ble, a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or in-
volving, treason ; traitorous ; insidious. — Trea'-
son-a-ble-ness, v. — Trea'son-a-bly, adv.

Treadmill.

S, e, i, o, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 6, A, y, short ; senate, 3 vent, Idea, Obey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

TREASURE

455

TRIANGULATION

Treas'ure (trgzh'ur), n. Wealth accumulated [ a
stock of money in reserve ; anything very much
valued. —v. t. [Treasured (-urd) ; Treasur-
ing.] To collect and lay up for future u^e ; to
hoard. — Treas'UT-er, n. One in charge of a
treasure or treasury, or of collected funds. —
Treas'UT-y (-y), n. A place where valuables,
esp. public revenues, are kept ; the department
of a government having charge of the finances.

Treat (tret), v. t. To manage ; to use ; to deal
with ; to entertain with food or drink, or other
gratification. — v. i. To discourse; to handle a
subject ; to negotiate ; to give an entertain-
ment. — n. An entertainment ; something
which affords much pleasure. — Treat/er, n. —
Trea'tise (tre'tls), n. A composition treating of
a particular subject ; a discourse. — Treat'ment
(tret'ment), n. Manner in which a subject is
treated, or anything is used ; behavior ; usage ;
application of remedies. — Trea'ty (tre'ty), n.
A treating for adjustment of differences ; nego-
tiation ; a league or contract between nations
or sovereigns.

Tremble (trgb"l), a. Threefold ; triple ; acute or
sharp in sound. — n. Highest of the four parts
in music ; soprano, — v. t. &i. [Trebled (-'Id) ;
Trebling.] To make or become thrice as. much
or threefold. — Trembly (trSb'l^), adv.

Tree (tre), n. A plant of the largest class,
woody, branched, perennial, and generally
having a single stock instead of a cluster ;
piece of timber, or thing made of timber. —
v. t. [Treed (tred) ; Treeing.] To drive
to or up a tree ; to fit with, or stretch upon,
a tree.

Tree'nall7 (tre'nal' ; commonly trun'nel), n.
A wooden pin, for fastening planks of a
ship to the timbers.

Tre'foll' (tre'foil'), n, A three-leaved plant
of many species, in-
cluding clover ; an
architectural orna-
ment of three cusps in
a circle, resembling
three - leaved clover.
A frame of lattice- work,
for supporting plants, for a screen, etc.

Tremble (trein'b'l), v. i. [Trembled (-b'ld) ;
Trembling.] To shake or quake ; to quiver ; to
shiver ; to totter ; to quaver. — n. A shaking
or quivering. — Trem'Dler, n.

Tre-men'd0US (tre-men'diis), a. Fitted to excite
fear or terror ; dreadful ; frightful ; horrible ;

awful. — Tre-men'dous-ly, adv. — Tre-men'
dous-ness, n.

Tre'mor (tre'mor or trem'Sr), n. An invol-
untary trembling ; a shivering or shaking ;
a vibratory motion. — Trem'u-lous (trgm'-
u-liis), a. Shaking ; quivering. — Trem'-
u-lous-ly, adv. — Trem'u-lous-ness, ».

Trench (trSnch), v. t. [Trenched (trencht) ;
Trenching.] To cut or dig (a ditch, a chan-
nel, a long hollow in the earth, etc.). — v. i.
To encroach. — n. A long, narrow cut in the
earth ; a ditch. — Trench'er, n.

Trench'ant (trench'ant), a. Fitted to trench or
cut ; cutting ; sharp ; unsparing ; severe.

Trench'er (trench'er), n. A large wooden plate ;
the table or pleasures of the table ; food. —
Trench'er-man (-man), n. ; pi. Trencher-men
(-men). A great eater ; a gormandizer.

Trend (trgnd), v. i. To have a particular direc-
tion ; to run ; to tend. — n. Inclination ; ten-
dency ; direction.

Tre-pan' (tie-pan'), n. A surgeon's cylindrical
saw turned like a gimlet, —v. I. [Trepanned
(-pand'); Trepanning.] To perforate (the
skull), with a trepan, and take out a piece.

Tre-pan' (tre-pan'), v. t. To trapan ; to insnare.
— n. A snare ; a trapan. — Tre-pan'ner, n.

Tre-pang^ (tre-pang'), n. The sea cucumber ; sea
slug ; beche de mer.

Tre-phine' (tre-ilu' or -fen'), n. An instrument
for trepanning. — v. t. [Trephined (-iind' or
-fend') ; Trephining.] To perforate with a tre-
phine ; to trepan.

Trep'i-da'tion (trep/i-da'shun), n. An involun-
tary trembling ; tremor ; a state of terror ; agi-
tation ; emotion ; fear.

Tres'pass (tres'pas), v. i. [Trespassed (-past) ;
Trespassing.] To pass unlawfully upon anoth-
er's land ; to intrude ; to injure or annoy an-
other ; to violate duty. — n. Any injury or
transgression ; a legal action for injuries accom-
panied with force. — Tres'pass-er, n.

Tress (tres), n. A braid or curl of hair; a ring-
let.

Tres'tle (tres''l), n. A support for anything ; a
framework of posts or piles and crossbeams,
supporting a bridge, etc.

Mi

Trefoils.

Trel'lis (trellis), n.

Trestle.

Tret (trSt), n. An allowance to purchasers for
waste or refuse matter in commodities.

Trey (tra), n. A three at cards or dice.

Tri'ad (tii'ad), n. A union of three.

Tri'al (trl'ol), n. A trying ; a test ; an exertion
of strength ; experiment ; anything which tries,
afflicts, or tempts ; a legal examination in a
cause before a competent tribunal.

Tri'an'gle (tii'an'g;,l), n. A geometrical figure

Triangles. 1 Equilateral Triangle; 2 Isosceles Trian-
glej 3 Right-angled Triangle; 4 Obtuse-angled Tri-
angle; •"> Scalene Triangle. 1, 2, and 5, are also Acute-
angled Triangles.

bounded by three lines, and containing three
angles ; a bar of steel in the form of a triangle,
and set vibrating by blows from a rod. — Tri'-
an'gled (-g'ld), Tri-an'gu-lar (trt-an'gS-ier),
«. Having three angles. — Tri-an'gu-late (-lat),
r. t. To survey by means of a series of measured
triangles ; to mate triangular. — Tri-an'gTl-la'-
tion (-la'shQn), n. Measurement by triangles.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TRIBE

456

TRINE

Tribe (trib), n. A family or race; a division,
class, or distinct portion.

Trib'U-la'tion (trTVu-la'shun), n. Affliction.

Tri-bu'nal (trt-bu'nal), n. A court of justice.

Trib'Ulie (trib'uu), n. An ancient Roman magis-
trate chosen to protect the people from oppres-
sion by the patricians or nobles ; a bench from
which speeches were delivered.

Trib'U-ta-ry (triVu-ta-ry), a. Paying tribute to
another ; subordinate ; inferior ; yielding sup-
plies; contributing. — n. One who pays tribute
to another ; a stream which pours its waters into
a larger stream ; an affluent.

Trib'ute (trTb'fit), n. A tax paid as acknowl-
edgment of submission, or as the price of peace
and protection.

Trice (tris), v. t. To tie up by a rope.

Trice (ti L>), n. A very short time ; a moment.

HTri-cM'na (tri-ki'na), n. ; pi. Trichina (-ne).
A deadly animal parasite in the
muscles of animals, and some-
times in man. — HTrich'i-ni'a-sis
( trik'i-ni'a-sls ), HTricb'i-no'sis
(-no'sTs), n. The disease caused
by trichina in the muscles. —
Tricb/i-n0US (trTk'T-nus or trT-
ki'nus), a. Pertaining to, or af-
fected with, trichina.

Trick (trlk), n. Artifice or strata-
gem ; a sly or ingenious proced-
ure ; a particular habit or man-
ner ; a peculiarity ; the whole
number of cards played in one
round of a game, being one card
for each player. — v. t. [Tricked
(trikt) ; Tricking.] To deceive ;
to cheat ; to dress ; to decorate;
to adorn. — v. i. To live by fraud.

— Trick'y ( -y ), Trick'ish, a.
Given to tricks ; knavish. —
Trick'ish-ness, n. — Trick'ster,
n. One given to tricks ; a deceiver ; a cheat.

TricTrle ( trTk'k'l ), v. i. [Trickled ( -k'ld ) ;
Trickling.] To flow in a small stream ; to run
in drops.

Tri'COl'or ttri'kul'er), n. The French banner of
three colors, blue, white, and red. — Tri'col'-
ored (-erd), a. Composed of three colors.

||Tri/COt' (tre/ko/), n. Cloth woven from woolen,
silk, or cotton, so as to resemble knitted work.

Tri-CUS'pid (trt-kus'pTd), a. Having three cusps
or points.

Tri'cy-cle (tri'sT-k'l), n. A three-wheeled veloc-
ipede. A

Tri'dent (trl'dent), n. A scepter or spear \\J
with three prongs ; a three-pronged fish-
spear. — a. Having three teeth or prongs.

— Tri-den'tate (trT-dSn'tat), Tri-den'ta-

ted(-ta-tSd), a. Trident.

Tri-en'ni-al (trt-en'ni-rrl), a. Continuing
three years; happening once in three
years. — Tri-en'ni-al-ly, adv. Trident

Tri'er (tri'er), n. One who tries.

Tri'fid (tri'fid), a. Divided into three parts ;
three-cleft.

Tri'fle (tri'f'l), n. A thing of little value or im-
portance ; a dish composed of cake, with sylla-
bub. — v i. [Trifled (-f'ld); Trifling (-flTne)-]
To act or talk with levity.— Tri'fler, n. — Tra-
iling, a. Trivial; mconsiderahle. — n. Light
conduct ; frivolity. — Tri'fling-ly, (ulv.

Trichina. The
Larval Worm
in the encyst-
ed state im-
bedded in the
Human Mus-
cle. Much
enlarged.

Tri-fo'li-ate (trt-fo'iT-at), Tri-foli-a'ted (-S-'ted),

a. Having three leaves.

Tri'form (trl'iSrm), a. Having a triple form or
shape.

Trig (trig), v. t. To stop (awheel) by placing
something under it ; to scotch.

Trig (trig), a. Spruce ; dapper ; trim ; neat.

Trig'ger (trig'ger), n. A catch to hold a wheel
or other mechanism ; esp., the catch or lever in
a firearm, whose liberation looses the lock for
striking fire. — Trigger fisb. A food fish of
the southern coast
of the United
States, whose ^

rough skin is used >jSl
as sandpaper for ^Bk
scouring and pol- ^83|
ishing. ^%d

Tri'glyph(trl'- ^S^vv

glif ), n. An orua- ^**5r ^^

ment in the frieze Trigger Fish,

of Doric columns.

Tri'gon (tri'gon), n. A triangle. — Trig'o-nal
(trTg'6-nal), a. Triangular. — Trig'o-nom/e-
try (-nom'e-try), n. Science of triangles, their
measurement, etc. — Trig'O-no-met'riC ( - no -
met'rTk), Trig'o-no-met'ric-al ( - rT - kffl ), a.
Pertaining to, performed by, or according to
the rules of, trigonometry. — Trig'O-no-mef-
ric-al-ly, adv.

Tri'grapb (tri'graf), n. Three letters combined
in one sound or syllable.

Tri-be'dral (tri-he'dral), a. Having three equal
sides or faces. — Tri-he'dron (-dron), n. A fig-
ure having three equal sides.

Tri-lat'er-al (tri-lafer-al), a. Having three
sides.

Tri-lit'er-al (trt-lTt'er-al), a. Consisting of three
letters, —n. A word of three letters.

Trill (tril), n. A shake or quaver of the voice in
singing. — v. t. & i. [Trilled (trlld) ; Trill-
ing.] To shake ; to quaver.

Trill (tril), v. i. To trickle.

Tril'lion (tril'yun), n. By English notation,
the third power of a million, or a unit with 18
ciphers annexed ; by French (and American)
notation, the fourth power of a thousand, or a
unit with 12 ciphers annexed.

Trim (trim), a. [Trimmer (-mer) ; Trimmest.]
Fitly adjusted ; in order for service or use ; com-
pact; snug; neat. — v. I. [Trimmed (trTind) ;
Trimming.] To make trim ; to adjust ; to dress ;
to decorate ; to make ready by cutting or short-
ening ; to clip or lop ; to dress (timber) ; to
smooth ; to adjust (a ship) by disposing her
cargo equally ; to balance. — v. i. To balance ;
to fluctuate between parties, seeking to please
each. — n. Dress ; gear ; state or condition. —
Trim'ly, adv. — Trim'ness, n. — Trim'mer,
n. One who trims; a tinieserver. — Trim'-
ming. n. Act of a trimmer ; anything serving
to trim, adjust, ornament, etc. ; pi. ornamental
appendages of a garment ; concomitants of a
disb ; a relish.

Trim'e-ter (trYmt-tSr), n. A poetical division of
verse, consisting of three measures. — Tri-
met'ric-al (trt-met'rT-k'/l), a. Consisting of
three poetical measures.

Trl'nal (tri'nrrl), Trine (trin), a. Threefold. —
Trine, n. The distance of 120 degrees, or one
third of the zodiac, between planets.

a. e, i, o, n, long ; a, 6, i, 5, li, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

TRINITARIAN

457

TROOP

Trln'1-ta'ri-an (trin'i-ta'ri-an), a. Pertaining
to the Trinity. — n. One who believes the doc-
trine of the Trinity. — Trill ' i - ta ' ri - an - ism
(-Tz'm), n. Doctrine of Trinitarians. — Trin/i-
ty.(-i-ty), n. The union of three persons (the
Father. Son, and Holy Spirit) in one Godhea^l.

Trin/ket (trin/ket), n. A small ornament, as a
jewel, ring, etc.

Tri-no'mi-al (trt-no'mT-al), n. A mathematical
quantity consisting of three terms.

Tri'O (tri'6 or tre'6), n. Three persons acting
together; a musical composition for three
parts.

Trip (trip), v. i. [Tripped (tript) ; Tripping.]
To step lightly and quickly ; to skip ; to stum-
ble ; to lose footing ; to make a false move-
ment ; to err. — v. t. To cause to take a false
step or to fall ; to supplant ; to catch ; to con-
vict ; to loose (an anchor) from the bottom. —
n. A quick, light step ; a brief voyage ; an ex-
cursion or jaunt ; a misstep ; a loss of balance ;
a slight error ; a mistake. — Trip'per, n.

Tripartite (trip'ar-tit or trt-p'ar'tit), a. Di-
vided into three parts ; made between three
parties.

Tripe ( trip), n. The entrails; the large stomach
of ruminating animals, prepared for food.

Trip'e-dal (trTr/e-dal), a. Having three feet.

Tri-per'SOH-al (trt-per'siuwd), a. Consisting of
three persons. — Tri-per'SOn-al'i-ty (-aiT-ty),
n. Existence of three persons in one Godhead ;
trinity.

Tri-pet'al-OuS (trt-pet'al-us), a. Having three
petals or flower leaves.

Trip' ham mer (trip/ hain'mer). A heavy ham-
mer at the end of a beam, raised, tilted, or
tripped, by projecting teeth on a revolving
shaft ; a tilt hammer.

Triph'taong (trii'thong or trip7-), n. A combi-
nation of three vowels in a single syllable or
sound, as ieu in adieu. — Triph - thon ' gal
(-thon'gf/1), a. Pertaining to a triphthong.

Tri'ple (trip"l), a. Treble ; threefold. — . '.
[Tripled (-'Id) ; Tripling.] To make thrice as
mucii or as many ; to treble. — Trip'let (-15t),
n. Three of a kind, or three united ; three
verses rhyming together ; three musical notes
sung or played in the time of two. — Trip '11-
Cate (-11-kat), a. Made thrice as much ; three-
fold : tripled. — n. Anything corresponding to
two others of the same kind. — Trip li-ca'tion
f-ka'shun). n. A tripling or making threefold.
— Tri-pliC'i-ty (tri-plIsT-ty), n.

Tri'pod (tri'pod), n. A vessel supported on three
feet ; a three-legged frame, for supporting a
surveyor's instrument, etc.

Trip'O-ii ( trip'o-li )? n. An earthy substance
(originally brought from Tripoli, in Africa), for
polishing stones and metals.

Trip'pilXg (tripping), n. Act of one who trips ;
a light dance. — a. Quick ; nimble. — Trip'-
ping-ly.

Tri'reme (tri'rem), n. A galley with three ranks
of oars on a side.

Tri-sect' (trt-sgkf). r. t. To cut into three equal
parts. — Tri-sec'tion (-eeVahfin), n. The di-
vision (of an angle, etc.) into three equal parts.

Tris yl-lab'ic <trT~'sTl-l5bTk), Tris'yl-lab'ic-al
(-ISbT-kal), a. Pertaining to a trisvllable ; hav-
ing three syllables. — Tri-syl'la-ble 'trls-sTl'la-
b'l or tris'sll'-), n. A word of three syllables.

Trite (trit), a. Worn out ; used until so common
as to have lost its interest ; hackneyed. —
Trite'ly, adv. — Trite'ness, n.

Tri'the-ism (tri'the-i^in), n. Belief that the
Father, Son, and Hoiy Spirit are three distinct
Gods. — Tri'the-ist (-latj, n. A believer in
tritheism. — Tri the-is'tic ( -Is'tik ), Tri the-
is'tic-al (-tl-kt/l), a. Pertaining to tritheism.

Trit'U-ra-ble (trit'u-ra-b'i), a. Capable of being
triturated. — Trit'u-rate (-rat), v. t. To rub,
bruise, or thrash ; to ruo or grind to fine pow-
der. — Trit U-ra'tion (-ra'slmn), n. A tritu-
rating.

Tri'umph. (tri'urnf), n. A display in honor of a
decisive victory ; exultation for success ; victo-
ry. — r. i. [Triumphed (-umft) ; Triumphing.]
To celebrate victory ; to exult in an advantage
gained ; to meet with success ; to prevail. —
Tri'umph-er, n. — Tri-um'phal (ti t-um'ial),
a. Pertaining to, indicating, or in honor of, a
triumph. — Tri-um'pliailt (-iant), a. Rejoicing
for victory ; celeurating victory ; victorious. —

Tri-um'phant-ly, adv.

Tri-um'vir (tri-um'ver), n. ; pi. L. Triumviri
(-vi-ri), E. Tp.iUMvrfis (-verz). One oi tnree
men united in office. — Tri-um'vi-rate (-vT-rat),
n. Government by three in coalition ; an asso-
ciation of three in office or authority.

Tri'une (tri'un), a. Being three in one. — Tri-
U'ni-ty (tri-u'nT-ty),
being triune ; trinity.

Tri Vet (triv'et), n. A

etc. ; a trevet.

Triv'i-al (triv'i-ai),

State or quality of
three-legged stool, table,

Of little worth or im-

I portance ; inconsiderable ; trifling. — TriVl-
al-ly, adv. — Triv'i-al-ness, n. — Triv i-al'i-ty
i (-Slt-ty). 7?. Triviahess ; amthing trivial.
I Tri'weekly (tri'wek'iy;, a. Performed or hap-
I pening three times a week. — n. A publication

is-ued thrice a week.
Tro'car (tro'kar). n. A surgical instrument for

tapping, as in dropsy.
Tro-cha'ic (tro-ka'Tk\ ??. A trochaic verse or
measure. — Tro-cha'ic. Tro-cha'ic-al (-T-kal),
! a. Pertaining to. or consisting of, trochees. —
Tro'chee (tio'ke'i. n. A poetic foot of two
syllables, the first long and the second short, or
the first accented and the second unaccented.
Tro'che (tro-ke). n. A preparation of medicine
in a cake, to be dissolved in the mouth, and
slowly swallowed, as a demulcent ; a tablet.
Trod. Trod'den. See Tread.
Trog'lo-dyte (trogMo-dit), n. A dweller in a sub-
terraneous cave.
Troll (trJH), v. (. [Trolled (trold); Trolling.]
j To roll : to turn ; to sing in successive sounds
' or loudly and freely ; to fish for ; to allure. —
r. ;. To roll ; to run about ; to fish with a reel.
Troll (trol), n. A goblin, in Scandinavian my-
1 tholoey, inhabiting caves, hills, etc.
Trolley", TroHy Urol'ly I, ?<. A kind of truck;
device connecting an electric car with a wire,
rail. etc. — Trolley car. An electric 6treet car.
Trol'lop (trollop), 71. A slattern; a slut.
Trom'bone (trom'bon), 7*. A deep-toned
instrument of the
trumpet kind.
Tromp (tromp),

A blowing appara- Trombone.

. used in furnace*.
Troop (troop). 11. A collection of people

or

fgrn. recent, 6rb, rude, full, urn, food, loot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin

TROOPER

458

TRUNCATED PYRAMID

pany ; a multitude ; pi. soldiers collectively ; an
army ; small body ox cavalry. — v. i. [Trooped
(trdbpt) ; Trooping.] To move iu uuinuers ; to
gatner m crowiio ; to go lorward iu haste. —
Troop'er (trobp'er), n. A horse soldier.

Trope (trdp), to. Use of a word or expression in
a figurative sense.

Tro'phy (tro'iy), to. A memorial of victory.

Trop'iC (trop'Iit), n. One of the two small cir-
cles wnicli the sun just reaches at its greatest
declination north or south ; pi. the regions ly-
ing between the tropics. — Trop'iC, Trop'ic-al
(-i-kal), a. Pertaining to, or being within, the
tropics ; very hot.

Trot • trot), v. i. & I. [Trotted ; Trotting.] To
move in the gait called a trot ; to walk or move
fast ; to run. — to. The pace of a horse, faster
than a walk, when he lilts one fore foot and the
opposite hind toot at the same time. — Trot'ter,
n. A beast that trots; the loot of an animal,
esp. of a sheep.

Troth (troth), n. Belief ; fidelity ; veracity.

Trou'ble (trub"l), v. t. [Troubled (-'Id) ; Trou-
bling.] To put into contused motion ; to agi-
tate ; to disturb ; to distress ; to annoy ; to mo-
lest. — n. Affliction ; perplexity ; annoyance ;
calamity ; misfortune ; adversity ; embarrass-
ment ; misery. — Trou'bler, to. — Trou'ble-
Some (-sum), a. Giving trouble, disturbance,
or inconvenience ; vexatious ; disgusting ; irk-
some ; burdensome ; wearisome ; importunate.
— Trou'ble-some-ly, adv. — Trou'ble-some-

ness, n. — Troil/blOUS (-lus), a. Full of trouble
or commotion ; tumultuous ; full of affliction.

Trough (trof), to. A long, hollow vessel, chan-
nel, receptacle, or depression.

Trounce (trouns), v. t. [Trounced (trounst) ;
Trouncing.] To punish or beat severely.

UTroupe (troop), n. [F.] A troop ; a company
of performers in a play or opera.

Trou'sers (trou'zerz), to. pi. A man's loose gar-
ment extending from waist to knee or ankle ;
pantaloons.

HTrous'seau' (trod'soO, to. [F.] A bride's out-
fit.

Trout (trout), to. A fresh-water food fish varie-
gated with spots.

Tro'ver (tro'ver), to. A legal action to recover
goods found and not delivered to the owner on
demand.

Trow (tro). v. i. To believe ; to trust. \_Obs.']

Trow'el (trou'el), to. A mason's tool for spread-
ing and dressing mortar, breaking bricks, etc. ;
a gnrdener's tool for digging, resembling a ma-
Bon'a trowel.

Troy (troi), to., Troy weight (wat). The weight
of 12 ounces to the pound, by which gold, sil-
ver, jewels, etc., are weighed.

Tru'an-cy (trn/atw^), n. A playing, or being,
truant. — Tru'ant (-<rnt), a. Wandering from
business; shirking duty. —to. One who stays
away from duty; an idler; a shirk; a pupil
who stays away from school without leave.

Truce (trus), to. A temporary cessation of hos-
tilities, for negotiation; an armistice ; a short
quiet. — Flag Of truce. A white flag shown
by a combatant, whereupon hostilities are sus-
pended.

Truck ( triik ), r. i. & t. [Trucked (trukt) ;
TRUCKING-.] To exchange (commodities) ; to
barter; to deal. —to. Exchange; barter;

vegetables and garden stuff; small commod-
ities. — Truck/age (-aj), to. A bartering ; ex-
change. — Truck'er, Truck/man, to. a dealer
in truck.
Truck (triik), to. A small solid wheel ; a low
cart, or a swiveling frame with wheels, springs,
etc., under one end of a locomotive or car. —

£=& IB.

w

w* — W

Side View of Railway Truck.

A Truck Frame ; B Axle Guard ; C Swing Beam ; D

Axle Box ; E Rubber Springs.

Truck'er, Truck/man, to. One who conveys
goods on a truck. — Truck'age ( aj), to. Charge
for conveyance on a truck.
Truc'kle (truk'k'l), to. A small wheel or caster.

— v. i. To yield obsequiously to another ; to
submit ; to cringe. — Truc'kle-bed' (-bed'), to.
A bed on wheels, that may be pushed under
another ; a trundle-bed.

Tru'cu-lence (tru'ku-iens), Tru'cu-len-cy (-len-
sy), to. Quality of being truculent ; ferocity.

— Tru'CU-lent (-lent), a. Fierce ; savage ; de-
structive ; ruthless. — Tru'CU-lent-ly, adv.

Trudge (truj), v. i. [Trudged (trujd) ; Trudg-
ing.] To go on foot ; to jog along.

True (tru), a. Conformable to fact, to the actual
state of things, or to a rule or pattern ; exact ;
faithful to friends, to promises, etc. ; loyal ;
genuine ; real. — Tru'ly, adv. — True/ness, n.

Truffle (tru'f '1 or truf'f '1), «. An eatable mush-
room, growing underground.

Tru'ism (tru'Tz'm), to. An undoubted or self-
evident truth.

Truly, adv. See under True, a.

Trump (trump), to. A wind instrument of mu-
sic ; a trumpet. — v. t. [Trumped (trumt) ;
Trumping.] To trick or impose upon ; to fab-
ricate (a charge or accusation), — with tip.

Trump (trump), n. One of the suit of cards
which takes any card of another suit. — *, t.
& i. To play, or take with, a trump.

Trump'er-y (triimp'er-y), to. Something which
deceives by false show or pretenses : worthless
but showy matter ; rubbish. — a. Worthless ;
trivial.

Trump'et (trump'et), to. A musical wind instru-

Modern Trumpet with Pistons,
ment. —?•./. [Trumpeted ; Trumpeting.] To
publish by sound of trumpet; to proclaim
loudly. — Trump'et-er (-er), to.
Trun'cate (trfin'kat), v. t. To cut off ; to lop ;
to maim. — a Appearing as if cut off at the
tip. — Trun'ca-ted (-kit-ted), a. Cut off; cut
short; maimed.— Truncated cone or pyramid.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final.

TRUNCATION

459

TUMBLER

A cone or pyramid whose vertex is cut off by a
plane parallel to its base. — Trun-ca'tlon (trun-
ka'shiin or trim-), n. A truncating or cutting
off.
Tnm'cheon (trun'shun or -chun), n. A short

staff ; a baton, or staff of command.
Trun'dle (trun'd'l), n. A little wheel. — v. t.
& i. [Trundled (-d'ld) ; Trundling.] To roll
or move, as on little wheels or as a hoop. —
Trun'dle-bed' (-bed'), n. A low bed on little
wheels, that can be pushed under a higher bed ;
a truckle-bed.
Trunk (trunk), n. The stem or body of a tree ;
the body of an animal ; the main body of any-
thing ; the snout or proboscis of an elephant ;
a chest for clothes, etc. ; a portmanteau.
Trun'nel (trun'nel), n. A wooden pin or plug ; a

treenail.
Trun'nion (trSn'ySn), n. A knob on each side

of a cannon, to support it.
Truss (triis), n. A bundle (of hay, straw, etc.) ;
a bandage or apparatus for ruptures ; a frame- |
work in building for sustaining weight, and
transmitting pressure vertically. — v. t. To bind I
close ; to skewer (a fowl for cooking).
Trust (trust), n. Reliance on another ; credit ; be-
lief ; faith ; hope ; organization formed mainly to
regulate the supply and price of commodities. — v.
i. To place confidence in: to rely on; tobelieve; to
credit ; to venture confidently, —v. i. To con-
fide ; to be credulous or confident ; to sell upon i
a promise to pay. — Trust'er, n. — Trus-tee' !
(trus-te'), n. One to whom property is legally
committed in trust. — Trust'ful (trust'ful), n.
Full of trust ; trusting ; confiding. — Trust'-
iul-ly, adv. — Trust'ful-ness, n. — Trust'y
(-y), a. [Trustier (-I-er) ; Trustiest.] Fit to
be trusted ; trustworthy ; not liable to fall ;
strong; firm. — Trust'i-ly, adv. — Trusti-
ness, n. — Trustworthy (-wur'thy), a. Wor-
thy of trust or confidence ; trusty. — Trust'-
worthi-ness, n.
Truth (truth), ?t. The quality of being true ;
conformity to fact or to rule ; fidelity ; verac-
ity ; honesty ; virtue ; reality ; a verified fact ;
an established principle. — Truth'ful (-ful), a.
Full of truth ; veracious ; reliable. — Truth'-
ful-ly, adv. — Truth'ful-ness, n.
Try (tri), v. i. & t. [Tried (trid) ; Trying.] To
endeavor ; to attempt ; to test. — Try'ing, a.
Adapted to try, or put to severe trial ; sevei v.
Tset'SB (tset'se), Tzet'ze, Tset/ze, n. A venom-
ous African fly, whose bite ia poisonous or fatal
to horses and cattle.
Tub (tub), n. An open wooden vessel used for
various purposes ; the contents of a tub. — v. t.
[Tubbed (tubd) ; Tubbing.] To plant or set in
a tub. — V. i. To bathe.
Tube (tub), 7i. A hollow cylinder ; a pipe ; a
conduit. — v. t. [Tubed (tubd) ; Tubing.] To
furnish with tubes.
TuT>er (tu'ber), n. A fleshy, rounded stem or
root. — Tu'ber-cle (-k'l), n. A small mass of
diseased matter ; esp., the deposit accompany-
ing scrofula or phthisis. — Tu-ber'cu-lar (tu-
beVku-ler), a. Having, or affected with, tu-
bercles. — Tu-DercU-lo'sls (tu-beVku-lo'sT8),n.
Tubercular disease : consumption. — Tu'ber-ous
(tu'ber-us), a. Covered with knobs ; consisting
of, or containing, tubers. — Tu/ber-OS'i-ty (-5sT-
tf), n. State of being tuberous ; a protuberance.

Tube'rose7 (tut/roz/ or iu'oer-os/), n. A plant
with a tuberous root and fragrant flowers.

Tub'ing (tub'Tng), n. A making tubes ; a seriea
of tubes ; a piece of a tube ; material lor tubes.
— Tu'bU-lar (tu'bu-ler), a. Formed like, or
consisting of, a tube or pipe ; fistular. — TUDU-

Britannia Tubular Bridge.

lar bridge. A bridge formed like a hollow
trunk or tube, and made of iron plates riveted
together. — Tu'bu-late (-bu-lit), TuTm-la/ted
(-la'tSd), a. Tubular ; having a tube. — Tu'-
DUle (tu'bul), n. A little tube. — TuT)U-l0US
(-bu-liis), a. Resembling a tube ; hollow ; con-
taining small tubes.

Tuck (tiik), 11. A horizontal fold in a garment. —
v. t. [Tucked (tukt) ; Tucking.] To press in
or together ; to fold under. — Tuck'er, n. One
that tucks ; a part of a dress covering the breast.

Tues'day (tuz'da), n. The third day of the week ;
the day following Monday.

Tu'fa (tu'fa or too^a), TuH (tuf ), n. A soft or
porous stone.

Tuft (tuft), n. A bunch of grass, hair, etc. ; a
cluster ; a clump. — v. t. To separate into, or
adorn with, tufts. — Tuft/y (-y), a. Abound-
ing with, or growing in, tufts or clusters.

Tug (tug), r. t. & i. [Tugged (tugd) ; Tugging.]
To pull or draw strongly ; to drag ; to struggle.

— n. A strong pull; a steam vessel to row
ships ; a trace of a harness. — Tug'ger, n.

Tu-i'tlon (tu-ish'un), n. Superintending care;

guardianship ; teaching ; instruction ; money

paid for instruction. — Tu-i'tion-a-ry (-a-ry), a.

Pertaining to tuition.
Tu'lip (tulip), n. A bulbous plant or its flower.
Tulle (till), 72. A

French silk open

work or lace.
Tum'ble ( trun'b'i ),

v.i. [Tumbled

(-b'ld) ; Tumbling.]

To roll about by

turning ; to roll

down ; to be precip-
itated. — r. t. To

turn over ; to roll

or move in a rough

or unceremonious

mann e r ; to dis-
turb ; to rumple. —

n. A tumbling or

rolling over : I tall.

— Tum'bler n.

One who tamblet ; the part of a lock which de-
tains the bolt in its place ; a drinking glass ; a
kind of pigeon which tumbles or turns over in
flight.

fgrn, recent, drb, njde, full, urn, food, ftfbt, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TUMBREL

460

TURNSPIT

Tumtrel (tum'brel), Tum'bril (-bril), n. A
cucking stool ; a rough cart ; a kind of basket.

Tu'mid (tu'mid), a. Swelled or distended ; pro-
tuberant ; pompous ; bombastic ; turgid. — Tu'-
me-fac'tion (tu'nie-fSk'shun), n. A tumefy-
ing ; a tumor ; a swelling. — Tu'me-fy (-fi), V. t.
& i. [Tumefied (-fid) ; Tumefying.] To swell.

— Tu-mld'i-ty (tfi-mTd'l-ty), Tu'mid-ness, n.

— Tu'mer (tu'rner), n. A morbid swelling, or
growth, on the body.

Tu'mu-lar ( tu'mfi-ler ), Tu'mu-lous ( -lus ), a.
Consisting in a heap or hillock.

Tu'mult (tu'mult), n. Commotion, disturbance,
or agitation of a multitude ; uproar ; high ex-
citement ; hurly-burly ; hubbub ; brawl ; riot.

— Tu-mul'tU-a-ry (tu-mul'tu-a-ry), a. Pro-
ducing tumult ; disorderly ; riotous ; confused.

— Tu-mul'tu-a-ri-ly (-rT-iy), adv. — Tu-mul'-
tu-a-ri-ness, n. — Tu-mul'tu-ous (-us), a. Full
of tumult ; agitated ; disturbed ; turbulent ; vio-
lent ; boisterous; lawless: riotous. — Tu-mul'-
tu-ous-ly, adv. — Tu-mul'tu-ons-ness, n.

HTu'mu-lUS (tu'mu-lus), n. ; pi. Tumuli (-11).
[L.] A hillock, esp. one raised over a grave.

Tun (tun), ft. A large cask; a measure for liq-
uids, that for wine containing 4 hogsheads, or
252 gallons, —v. t. [Tunned (tund) ; Tunning.]
To put into tuns or casks.

Tune (tun), n. A series of musical tones for
voice or instrument ; a melody ; an air ; har-
mony; concord. — v. t. [Tuned; Tuning.]
To put into a proper state ; to harmonize. —
v. i. To form accordant musical sounds. —
Tun'a-ble, a. Capable of being tuned ; music-
al ; tuneful. — Tuneful, a. Harmonious ; mu-
sical. — TlUie'less, «. Without tune.

Tung'Sten (tung'stgu), ft. A brittle metal, nearly
as hard as steel, and fused with difficulty.

Tu'nic (tu'mk), ft. An ancient under-garment
for both sexes ; a membrane ; an integument. —
Tu'ni-cle (-m-k'l), ft. A natural covering ; an
ecclesiastical robe.

Tun'nage, n. See Tonnage.

Tun'nel (tun'nel), ft. A vessel, broad at one end,
and having a tube at the other, for conveying
liquor into casks, bottles, etc. ; a flue for smoke ;
an artificial passage underground for railroads,
in mines, etc. — r. t. [Tunneled (-neld) or
Tunnelled ; Tunneling or Tunnelling.] . To
form into, or like, a tunnel ; to open a passage
through (a mountain) or under (a river, etc.).

Tun'ny (tun'ny), ft. A large food fish of the
Mackerel family.

Tur'ban (tGr'brni), ft. An Oriental headdress.

Turlrid (tGr'bTd), a. Having the lees or sedi-
ment disturbed ; foul ; muddy ; thick.

TurT)l-nate (tGr'bT-nat), Tur'bl-na'ted (-na'tSd),
a. Shaped like a top ; spiral ; twisted. — Tur'-
bine (-bin), ft. A rotary machine for generating
power, propelled by the impulse or reaction of
water or steam on its curved vaneB or floats.

Tur'bot (tGr'but), ft. A salt-water food fish, of
round, flat form.

Tur'bu-lence (tGrHou-lens), ft. State of being
turbulent ; tumult ; insubordination ; rioting.

— Tui'bU-lent (-lent), a. In commotion ; tu-
multuous ; riotous ; seditious ; refractory —
Tur'bu-lent-ly, adv.

Tu-reen' (tu-ren'), »-. A lar8e> deeP veS8el for

soup, etc.
Turf (tQrf), n. The upper stratum of earth filled

with roots ; sod ; peat ; the race course ; horse
racing. — v. t. [Turfed (tfirft) ; Turfing.] To
cover with turf or sod. — Turf'y (-y), a. [Turf-
ier (-T-er) ; Turfiest.] Abounding with, cov-
ered with, or like, turf ; pertaining to the race
ground ; sporting. —
Turf'i-ness, n.

Tur-ges'cence (tfiT-jgs'
sens), Tur-ges'cen-cy
(-sen-sy), ft. A swell- 1
ing, or being turgid ; \
pompousness ; b o m ■
bast. — Tur - ges' cent '
(-sent), a. Swelling ;
growing big.— Tur'gid
(tGr'jTd), a. Distended
unnaturally ; swelled ;
bloated; tumid; pomp-
ous; bombastic. — TUT-
gid'i-ty (tGr-jid'i-ty), '
Tur'gid-ness, n.

TUT'key (tGr'ky) ft. A Common Cock Turkey,
large American domes-
tic fowl, valued for food. — Turkey buzzard.
An American vulture, somewhat resembling the
turkey. — Turkey red. A brilliant red im-
parted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc. ;
cloth thus dyed.

Tur'mer-iC ( tGr'mer-Tk ), n. An East Indian
plant ; also, its root, used for dyeing and as a
medicine.

Tur'moil (tfir'moil; sometimes tfir-moiK), n.
Harassing labor ; trouble ; tumult.

Turn (turn), v. t. & i. [Turned (tfirnd) ; Turn-
ing.] To move or go round ; to revolve ; to
change ; to make or become acid. —ft. A turn-
ing ; a revolution ; a change ; a vicissitude ; a
bend; purpose; convenience. — Turn'er, ft. —
Turn'ing, a. Winding; devious. — «. A turn
or winding ; a flexure ; a corner ; the turning
or shaping articles in a lathe. — Tura'er-y
(-er-y), n. A shaping articles in a lathe ; goods
thus made. — Turn'coat/ (-kot/), n. One who
changes his side or his principles ; a renegade ;
a deserter. — Turn'-bUC/kle (-buk'k'l), n. A
metallic loop,
with a screw
thread at one
end and a
swivel at the
other, for
tightening a rod, stay, etc. — Turn plate. A
turntable.

Tur'nip (tGr'nip), n. A plant of the cabbage
kind, having an edible, solid, bulbous root.

Turn'key' (tfirn'ke'), n. ; pi. Turnkeys (-kez')
One in charge of the keys of a prison.

Turn'-out' (tGrn'outO, ft. ; pi- Turn-outs (-outs').
A coming forth ; a side track on a railroad ; a
shunt ; an equipage ; a strike of laborers, etc.

Turn'0/ver (tdrn'o'vei), ft. A turning over; a
kind of pie. — a. Capable of being turned over.

Turn'pike' (tGrn'pik'), n. A toll gate ; a turn-
pike road. — v. t. [Turnfikfd (-pikf) ; Turn-
piking.] To form (a road) in the manner of a
turnpike road. — Turnpike road. A road on
which turnpikes or tollgates are established by
law.

Tum'spit' (tGrn'spTf), n. One who turns a spit,
or is engaged in some menial office ; a variety
of dog formerly employed to turn a spit.

Turn-buckle.

», e, i, 5, u, long ; a, e, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, Svent, tdea, 6bey, ftuite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

TURNSTILE

461

TWITCH

Turnstile.
Aii association

Tum'Stile7 (tfirn'stil7), n. A revolving frame in
a footpath ; a turnpike ; an
arrangement for registering
the number of persons pass-
ing tl trough a gateway.

Turn'ta'ble (tGrn'ca'b'l), n. A
revolving platform, tor turn-
ing cars, locomotives, etc., in
a different direction.

llTurn've-rein/ (todrn'fe-rln'), n.
of gymnasts and atldetes.

Tur'pen-tine (tGr'peu-tin), n. A resinous sub-
stance obtained from various trees.

Tur'pi-tude (tfir'pT-tud), n. Inhereut baseness ;
vileneas of character.

Tur-auoise' (tfir-koiz' or -kez'), Tur-quois', n.
A bluish-green precious stone.

Tur'ret (turret), n. A small spire or tower.—
Tur'ret-ed, a. Formed like, or having, turrets.

Tur'tle (tuVt'l), n. A bird of the Pigeon family ;
a turtledove. — Tur'tle-dove7 (-duV), n. A
kind of pigeon.

Tur'tle (tuVt'l), n. A tortoise ; esp., the large sea
tortoise. — Tur'tler
(-tier), n. One wno
catches turtles.

Tus'can (tus'kan), a.
Pertaining to Tus-
cany, in Italy, or to
a certain ancient and
simple order of ar-
chitecture.

Tush ( tush ), inter j.

Pshaw ! — an excla- lurtle-

mation of rebuke or contempt.

Tusk (tusk), n. A long, pointed tooth of certain
rapacious animals. — Tusked (tuskt), a. Hav-
ing tusks.

Tus'Sle (tuVs'l), n. A struggle ; a conflict ; a
scuffle, —v. i. To struggle or wrestle.

Tut (tut), interj. Be still ; — an exclamation for
checking or rebuking.

Tu'te-lage (tu'te-laj), n. Guardianship ; protec-
tion ; guidance ; care. — Tu'te-lar ( tu'te-ler ),
Tu'te-lajry(-la-ry), a. Guardian; protecting.

Ttt'tor (tu'ter), n. One who protects, or has
the care of, another ; a teacher ; a college in-
structor of lower rank than a professor. —
v. I. [Tutored (-terd) ; Tutoring.] To teach ;
to instruct ; to treat with authority or severity.
— Tu'tor-age (-aj), n. Office of a tutor ; guard-
ianship. — Tu'tor-ess, n. A female tutor ; a
governess. — Tu-tr/ri-al (tu-to'rl-al), a. Be-
longing to, or exercised by, a tutor.

Twad'dle (twod'd'l), v. i. To talk in a weak and
silly manner ; to prate. — ra. Silly talk; sense-
less verbiage ; gabble. — Twad'dler (-dler), n.

Twain (twan), a. & n. Two ; — nearly obsolete.

Twang (twang), v. i. & i. [Twanged (twSngd) ;
Twanging.] To sound like a stretched string,
suddenly pulled. — n. A harsh, quick sound,
like that of a vibrating string ; a nasal sound of
the voice.

Twat/tle (tw5t't'l), v. i. To prate ; to twaddle.

Tweak (twek), v. t. To pinch and pull with a
sudden jerk and twist ; to twitch. — n. A sharp
pinch or jerk ; distress.

Tweed (twed), n. A twilled stuff used for sum-
mer clothing.

Twee'dle (tweM'l), v. t. To handle lightly ; to
coax ; to allure.

Twee'zers (twe'zerz), n. pi. Small pincers to
pluck out hairs, etc.

Twelfth (twelfth), a. The second after the tenth ;
next succeeding the eleventh ; — the ordinal of
twelve ; being one of twelve parts into which a
thing is divided. — n. One of twelve equal
parts ; a musical interval comprising an octave
and a fifth. — Twelve (twelv), a. One more
than eleven ; twice six ; a dozen. — n. The
sum of ten and two; a symbol representing
twelve units, as 12, or xii. — Twelve'month
(-month), n. A year, which consists of twelve
calendar months.

Twen'ti-eth (tweu'ti-eth), a. Next in order after
the nineteenth ; — the ordinal of twenty ; being
one of twenty parts into which a thing is di-
vided. — n. One of twenty equal parts ; a
musical interval comprising two octaves and a
sixth. — Twen'ty (-ty), a. One more than
nineteen; twije ten. —71. The number next
following nineteen ; twice ten ; a symbol repre-
senting twenty units, as 20, or xx.

Twice (twis), adv. Two times ; doubly ; in two-
fold quantity.

Twid'dle (twid'd'l), v. t. To touch lightly, or
play with ; to twirl with the fingers.

Twi'faPlOW (twT'ial'lo), v. i. [Twit allowed
(-lod) ; Twif allowing.] To plow a second time
(land that is fallowed).

Twig (twig), n. A small shoot of a tree or other
plant.

Twig (twig), v. t. & i. [Twigged (twigd) ;
Twigging.] To understand ; to see ; to observe
slyly. [Colloq.]

Twi'light' (twl'ilt/), n. The faint light between
daylight and dark; an uncertain view. —a.
Imperfectly illuminated ; done by twilight.

Twill (twil), v. t. [Twilled (twlld) ; Twilling.]
To weave (cloth) so as to produce diagonal ribs
in the surface, —n. An appearance of ribs; a
fabric woven with a twill.

Twin (twin), n. One of two produced at a birth.

— a. Being one of two born at a birth, or one
of a pair much alike.

Twine (twin), y. t. & i. [Twined (twind) ; Twin-
ing.] To twist together ; to wind ; to embrace.

— n. Strong twisted thread ; a cord ; a string.
Twinge (twTnj), v. t. [Twinged ( twYnjd ) ;

Twinging.] To pull with a twitch: to pinch;
to tweak ; to torment with sharp pains. — v. i.
To have a sudden, shrtrp, local pain. — n. A
pinch ; a momentarj', dartinc. local pain.

Twin'kle (twTn'k'l), v. i. [Twinkled (-k'ld) ;
Twinkling.] To open and shut the eye rapid-
ly ; to blink; to wink; to sparkle.—?;. A
wink; the time of a wink; a twinkling. —
Twin'kling, n. A wink ; a sparkling ; the
time of a wink ; a moment ; an instant.

Twirl (twerl). r. t. & /. [Twirled (twSrld) ;
Twirling.] To whirl round ; to turn rapidly.

— n. A rapid circular motion ; a whirling.
Twist (twist), r. /. & ?. To contort ; to pervert;

to wind ; to weave : to insinuate. — n. A con-
tortion ; a bending ; a thincr formed by twisting
or uniting the parts. — Twist'er. n.

Twit (twit), v. t. [Twitted ; Twitting.] To
reproach with a fault, defect, misfortune, etc. ;
to upbraid ; to taunt.

Twitch (twTch), v. t. [Twhthed (twYcht);
Twitching.] To pull with a sadden jerk: to
snatch. — n. A short, quirk pull or jerk.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

TWITTER

462

UHLAN

Twit'ter (twTt'ter), v. t. [Twitteeed (-terd);
Twittering.] To make a succession of small,
intermitted noises ; to titter ; to giggle. — n. A
small noise, like that of a singing bird ; a slight
agitation of the nerves ; a titter ; a giggle.

TWO (too), a. One and one. — n. The sum of
one and one ; a symbol representing two units,
as 2, or ii. — In two. Asunder ; into two parts ;
in halves. — Two'-edged' (toc/ejd'), a. Hav-
ing two edges, or edges on both sides. — TWO'-
iold' (-fold')} a. Double ; duplicate. — adv. In
a double degree ; doubly. — Two/-hand/ed
(-hSnd'ed), a. Having two hands ; used with
both hands. — Two'pence (toe/pens or tup'ens),
n. A small coin worth two pennies ; a trifle.
— TW0'pen-ny (tob'pe'n-ny or tup'en-ny), a.
Worth twopence ; insignificant.

Tyke (tik), n. A dog, or a contemptible fellow ;
a cur ; a tike.

TynVbal (tim^bal), n. A kettle-
drum.

Tym'pan (tTm'pan), n. In architec-
ture, a panel or tympanum ; in
printing presses, a frame to hold
the sheets of paper to be im-
pressed. — Tym'pa-num (-pa-nuui),
n. The drum of the ear ; in archi-
tecture, the face of a pediment, die
of a pedestal, or panel of a door.

Type (tip), n. The mark or impres-
sion of something ; a stamp ; kind ;
sort ; the representative of a species
or group ; a token ; a sign ; a print- Metal Type,
er's raised letter, figure, etc., cast
in metal or cut in wood ; types collectively. —
Type'set'ter (-set'ter), n. One that sets type
for printing ; a compositor ; a machine for set-
ting type. — Type'writ'er (-lWer), n. An in-
strument for writing by means of type ; one
who uses such an instrument.

[[gp^The types which compose an ordinary
book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small
capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic
CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with
accompanying figures, points, and reference
marks, — in all about two hundred characters.
Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, the
most important varieties of face are

€>tt> &w\M. 3SIack better.

Old Style. French Elzevir.

Boldface. Antique.

Clarendon. Gothic.

Typewriter. -e&t/J.

ESP- The following alphabets show the dif-
ferent sizes of type up to great primer.

Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnojxirstuTwiyi
Diamond . . abcdet'ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Pearl .... abcdefghijkhnnopqrstuvwxyz
Agate . . . abcdefghijklnmopqrstuvwxyz
Nonpareil . . abcdefghijklnmopqrstuvwxyz
Minion . . . abedefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy
Bourgeois . . abcdefghrjklmnopqrstuvw
Long primer . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv
Small pica . . abedef ghijklmnopqrst
pica .... abcdefghijklmnopqr

English . . .

Columbian . .

Great primer

abcdefghijklmno
abcdefghijklm
abedef ghijkl

Ty'phoid (ti'foid), a. Like, or pertaining to,
typhus. — n. A fever resembling typhus.

Ty-phoon' (tt-fobn'), n. A violent tornado or
hurricane in the Cliinese seas.

Ty'phus (ti'f us), n. A fever attended with great
prostration and cerebral disorder.

Typ'ic (tTp'ik), Typ'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Of the
nature of a type ; emblematic , figurative. —
Typ'i-fy (-T-fi), v. t. [Typified (-fid) ; Typify-
ing.] To represent by an image, or resemblance.

Ty-pog'ra-pher (tf-pog'ra-fer or XX-), n. A print-
er. — Ty-pog'ra-phy (-fy), n. The art or oper-
ation of printing. — Ty'po-graph/iC (ti'po-grXf'-
Yk or tip'6-), Ty'po-graph/ic-al, a. Pertaining
to typography or printing. — Ty'po-graph'ic-
al-ly, adv.

Ty-ran'nic (tt-ran'nTk), Ty-ran'nic-al (-n!-k«l),
a. Pertaining to a tyrant ; imperious ; despotic ;
arbitrary. — Ty-ran'nic-al-ly, adv. — Ty-ran'-
ni-cide (-nT-sid), n. The killing a tyrant ;
one who kills a tyrant. — Tyr'an-nize (tTr'«n-
niz), v. i. [Tyrannized (-nlzd) ; Tyrannizing.]
To act the tyrant. «— v. t. To oppress. — Tyrr-
an-nous ( -nils ), a. Tyrannical ; despotic. —
Tyr'an-ny (-ny), n. Government or authority
of a tyrant ; cruel government or discipline ;
severity ; rigor. — Ty'rant (tY'ront), n. An ab-
solute ruler, unrestrained by law or constitu-
tion ; a monarch or master who uses power to
oppress his subjects ; a despot ; an oppressor.

Ty'ro (tl'ro), n. ; pi. Tyros (-roz). A beginner in
learning; one imperfectly acquainted with a
subject.

Tzar, n., Tza-ri'na, n. Same as Czar, Czarina.

U.

U-biq'ui-ty (6-bTk'wT-t£), n. Existence every-
where ; omnipresence. — U-bi<l'ui-ta-ry (-ta-
rj), U-biq'Ui-toUS (-tus), a. Existing every-
where.

Ud'der (ud'der), n. The milk bag and dugs of a
cow, etc.

U-dom'e-ter (u-d5m'e-ter), n. A rain gauge.

Ug'ly (iig'150, a. [Uglier (-lT-er) ; Ugliest.]
Offensive to the sight. Also \_Colloq.]. disagree-
able ; ill-natured ; orossgrained.— Ug'li-ness. n.

Uh'lan (u'lan ; G. oo'lan), n. One of a body of light
cavalry in Eastern Europe ; a lancer.

fi, e, 1, 5, u, long ; &, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, Gnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

UKASE

463

UNAVOIDABLY

U-kase' (fi-kas'), n. A Russian edict.

Ul'cer (Ql'ser), n. A running sore. — Ul'cer-ate
(-at), v. i. To become ulcerous. — v. t. To af-
fect with ulcers. — Ulcer-a'tion (-a'shun), n.
A forming into ulcers; an uTcer. — Ul'cer-ous
(-us), a. Like an ulcer ; affected with ulcers.
— Ul'cer-ous-ness, n.

Ul'lage (ul'laj), n. What a cask lacks of being
full.

Ul'na (Ql'na), n. The larger bone of the fore-
arm. — Ul'nar (-ner), a. Pertainiug to the
ulna.

Ul'Ster (ul'ster), n. A long, loose overcoat, for
men or women.

Ul-te'ri-or (ul-te'rl-er), a. Situated beyond;
further ; more distant ; succeeding.

Ul'tl-mate (ul'tl-mat), a. Furthest ; most re-
mote ; last ; extreme ; conclusive. — Ul'ti-mate-
ly, adv. — llUFti-ma'tum (-ina'tuni), n. ; pi.
Ultimata (-ta) ; E. Ultimatums (-tuinz). A
fiual proposition ; last offer or terras. — HUl'ti-
rao (ul'ti-mo), n. The last month preceding
the present ; — contr. to ult.

Ul'tra (ul'tra), a. Radical ; extreme. — n. An
advocate of extreme measures. — Ul/tra-ism
(-Iz'm), n. Radicalism.

Ul'txa-ma-rtne' (uFtra-ma-ren'), a. Situated be-
yond the sea ; foreign.

Ultra-marine' (Ql'tra-ma-ren'), n. A blue pig-
meut.

Urtra-mon'tane (Ql'tra-moii'tan), a. Being be-
yond the mountains, or Alps ; esteeming the
pope's authority very highly; ultra-papal. — n.
One of the ultra-papal party in the Church of
Rome.

Ul'tra-mnn'dane (Qi'tra-nifin'-
dan), a. Being beyond the
world.

Um'bel (um'bel), n. A collec-
tion of small flowers in a
head ; a cluster. — Um'bel-
late ( -lat ), Um'bel-la ted
(-la'ted), a. Bearing um-
bels ; umbel-like. — Um/bel-
liTer-OuS (-lifer -us), a.
Produciug umbels.

Um'ber (fim'ber), n. A brown- u ''

ish ore of iron, used as a pigment ; an African
stork or heron. —
a. Like or pertain-
ing to umber ; olive-
brown ; dark. — v.
t. To shade ; to
darken.

HUm-bil'i-cus ( fira-
bilT-kfis), n. [L ]
The navel. — Um-
bil'ic (-Ik), Um-
bil'ic-al (-I-kal), a.
Pertaining to the
navel.

Um'bles (um'b'lz), n.
pi. The entrails of
a deer.

Um'brage (fim'braj),
n. Shade ; shadow ;
jealousy ; offense ;
resentment. — Um-
bra'geous ( -bra'-
jQs), n. Shady;
shaded ; affording shade

! Um-brelOa (um-bre'1'la), n. A portable shade or

I screen from sun, rain, ur snow.

HUm'laut (ooin'lout), n. Modification of a vowel
sound, through the influence of the vowel in the
succeeding syllable: as G. marni (=E. man),
pi. maenner (= E. men). In German the uui-
lauted vowels are written either a, o, ii, or ae,
oe, ue.

Um'pire (Qm'prr), n. A third person, appointed
to decide a controversy or question between
parties ; an arbitrator ; a referee. — Um'pi-rage
(uni'pl-raj or -pir-aj), n. Decision of an um-
pire ; arbitrament. — Um'pire-ship, n. Office
or authority of an umpire.

Un-. A negative prefix which may be attached to
almost any adjective, or participle used adjec-
tively, also to many nouns and verbs. Its
force is to denote the absence of the quality
designated by the simple word (as, unalterable,
unbearable, ungrammatical , etc.), or the reverse
of that quality (as, unable, undone, uneasy).
Words thus formed are not given in this dic-
tionary, except when they have acquired some-
thing more than a merely negative meaning.

Un-a'ble (un-a'b'l^ a. Not able ; not having
ability or power ; impotent.

Un a-bridged' (Qn'a-brljd'), a. Not abridged or
shortened ; full ; complete ; entire ; whole.

Un ac-cept'a-ble (un'ak-sept'a-bT), a. Not ac-
ceptable ; displeasing ; offensive.

Unac-connfa-ble (fin'ak-kount'a-b'l), a. Not
accountable or responsible ; not to be accounted
for ; inexplicable ; strange. — Un'ac-COttnf a-
bly, adv.

Un ad-vis'a-ble (fin/ad-viz'a-b'l), a. Not advisa-
ble ; inexpedient : contrary to wisdom. — Un'-
ad-vised' (-vizd'), a. Not advised ; imprudent ;
rash ; inconsiderate. — Un'ad-Vis'ed-ly (-viz'-
ed-ly), «<7r.— Un'ad-vis'ed-ness, n.

Un'af-fect'ed (fin'af-fekt'ed), a. Not affected or
moved ; not artificial or formal ; plain ; simple ;
natural. — Un'af-fect'ed-ly, adv. — Un'af-
fect'ed-ness, n.

Un'al-loyed' (fin'51-loid'), a. Not alloyed ; un-
mixed ; pure.

Un-a'mi-a-ble (un-a'inl-a-b'l), a. Not amiable ;
ill-natured.

U-nan'i-m0US (u-nXn'i-mus), a. Of one mind;
agreeing in opinion ; harmonious ; with the
agreement of all. — U'na-nim'i-ty (u'na-nl ral-
ly), n. — U-nan'i-mous-ly. adv.

Un-an'swer-a-ble (fin-Sn's.er-a-b'1), a. Not an-
swerable ; not capable of refutation. — Un-an'-
swer-a-bly, adv.

Un-apf (un-5pt'), a. Not apt ; inapt ; dull ; un-
suitable.— Un-
apt'ly, adv.

Un'as-snm'ing
( fin ' 8s- suin'-
Ing), a. Not as-
suming ; hum-
ble ; modest.

U-nau' ( u-na' ), i
n. The South
American two-
toed sloth.

Un'a-void'a-ble
(fin' a- void 'a-
b'l), a. Not
avoidable ; necessary . inevitable. — Un'a-VOld'-
a-ble-ness, n. — Una-void'a-bly. adv

I'nnu.

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, siiig, ink, then,

UNAWARE

464

UNDERGO

Un'a-ware' (tin^A-waV), a. Not aware ; without
thought; inattentive. —UnV a -ware', Una-
wares' (-wSrz'), adv. Without previous design
or preparation ; suddenly ; unexpectedly.

Un-bal'anced (un-bal'anst), a. Not balanced ;
not brought to an equality of debt and credit ;
unsteady ; unsound ; not sane.

Un-bar' (un-bar'), v. t. To remove bars from ; to
unfasten ; to open.

Un'be-com'ing (uii/be-kum'Tng), a. Not becom-
ing ; improper ; unsuitable ; indecent.

Un'be-liei' (un'be-lel'), n. The withholding of
belief ; iucredulity ; disbelief of divine revela-
tion ; skepticism ; infidelity. — Un/be-liev'er
(-lev'er), n. One who does not believe ; an in-
credulous person ; au infidel ; a skeptic. — Un7-
toe-liev'ing, a. Not believing ; incredulous.

Unbend' (uu-bend'), v. t. & i. [Unbent (-bent') ;
Unbending.] To relax or slacken.

Un-bi'as (iin-bi'as), v. t. [Unbiased (-ast) ; Un-
biasing.] To free from bias or prejudice.

Un-bind' (un-biud'), v t. [Unbound (-bound') ;
Unbinding.] To remove a baud from ; to loose.

Un-blem'ished (un-blem'Tsht), a. Not blem-
ished ; free from reproach or deformity ; pure.

Un-bolt' (un-bolt'), v. t. To remove a bolt from ;
to unfasten.

Un-born' (Qn-b6rn'), a. Not born; still to ap-
pear ; future.

Un-bos'om (un-bd"6z'um), v. t. To disclose freely ;
to reveal.

Un-bOUHd'ed (uu-bound'gd), a. Having no bound
or limit ; unlimited ; infinite ; unrestrained.

Un-bri'dled (un-bri'd'ld), p. a. Loosed from the
bridle ; unrestrained ; violent.

Un-'bur'den (uu-tfir'd'n), v. t. To relieve from a
burden ; to throw oft (a burden) ; to unload.

Un-called'-ior' (un-kald'foV), a. Not called for
not required or reeled ; gratuitous ; wanton.

Un-cer'tain (un-ser'tTn), a. Not certain ; not
positively known ; not to be depended upon
not sure ; precarious ; doubtful ; dubious ; in
secure. —Un-cer'tain-ly, adv. — Un-cer'tain-
ty i-t$), n. Doubtfulness; dubiousness; con-
tingency.

Un-Chain' (Gn-chan'), v. t. To free from chains
or slavery.

Un-cbange'a-ble (un-chanj'a-b'l), a. Not sub-
ject to change ; immutable ; constant ; stead-
fast. — Un-change'a-bly, adv.

Un-char'i-ta-ble (Qn-char'T-ta-b'l), a. Not char-
itable ; severe in judging ; harsh ; censorious.

Un-Chaste' (iin-chast'), a. Not chaste ; not pure ;
lewd. — Un-chas'ti-ty (-chas'tT-ty), n.

Un-Chris'tian (iin-krTs'chan), a. Not Christian ;
infidel ; unbecoming a Christian.

Un-church' (un-chfirch'), v. t. To expel from a
church.

Un'cial (iin'shal), a. Relating to large letters
found in ancient manuscripts. — n. An uncial
letter.

Un-Civ'il (un-si vTl), a. Not civil or civilized ;
not courteous ; impolite ; unmannered. — Un-
Civ'i-lized (-lizd), a. Not civilized ; rude ; bar-
barous. — Un-civ'il-ly, adv.
Un-clasp' (un-klasp'), v. t. To loose (what is

fastened with a clasp).
Un'cle (un'k'l), a. The brother of one's father

or mother ; a pawnbroker [Colloq.~\.
Un-clean' (fin-klen'), a. Not clean ; foul ; dirty ;
impure ; sinful. — Un-clean'ness, n.

Un-Close' (un-kloz'), v t. To open ; to disclose.

Un-COm/fort-a-ble ( un-kum'lert-a-b'l) , a. Not
comfortable ; affording uneasiness ; gloomy. —
Un-com'iort-a-bly, adv.

Un-COm'mon (un-kom'niun), a. Not common;
remarkable ; rare ; scarce ; unusual. — Un-
com'mon-ly, adv. — Un-com'mon-ness, n.

Un-com'pro-mi/sing ( un-koni'pr6-nii'zTug ), a.
Not admittiug of compromise ; not agreeing to
terms ; making no concession ; obstinate ; un-
yielding ; inflexible.

Un'COn-cern/ (un'kon-£em'), a. Want of con.
cern ; absence of anxiety ; indifference. — Un/-
COn-cerned' (-sernd'), a. Not concerned ; not
anxious ; carelessly secure. — Un'con-cern'ed-
ly (-sern'ed-ly), adv.

Un'COn-di'tion-al (un'kon-dish'un-al), a. Not
conditional or limited ; absolute ; unreserved.

— Un'con-di'tion-al-ly, adv.
Un-COn/SCion-a-ble (un-k5n'shun-a-b'l), a. Not

conformed to reason ; unreasonable ; inordi-
nate ; vast. — Un-con'scion-a-bly, adv.

Un-COn/SCiOUS (un-kon'6hus), a. Not conscious ;
not an object of perception ; imperceptible.— Un-
con'scious-ly, adv. Un-con'scious-ness, n.

Un-con'sti-lu'tion-al (uu-kon'sti-tu'shun-al), a.
Not constitutional ; contrary to the constitu-
tion. — Un-con'sti-tu'tion-al-ly, adv.

Un'con-trol'la-ble (un'k5n-trol'la-b'l), a. Not to
be controlled ; ungovernable. — Un'COn-trol'la-
bly, adv.

Un'con-vert'ed (un'kbn-vert'ed), a. Not con-
verted ; not persuaded of the truth of the
Christian religion ; unregenerate ; sinful ; im-
penitent.

Un-COUth' (un-kobth'), a. Having awkward man-
ners ; unseemly ; boorish ; clumsy. — Un-COUttl'-
ly, adv. — Un-coutb/ness, n.

Un-COV'er (un-kiiv'er), v. t. To take the cover
from ; to lay open ; to bare the head of. —v. i.
To take off the hat.

Unc'tion (unk'shiin), n. An anointing; an un-
guent ; an ointment ; fervor. — Unc'tU-OUS
(unk'tu-us), a. Fat ; oily ; greasy ; bland.

Un-daunt'ed (un-d'ant'e'd), a. Not daunted ; fear-
less ; brave ; intrepid.

Un-dec'a-gOli (iin-dek'a-gon), n. A geometrical
figure of eleven sides and eleven angles.

Un'de-ceive' (iin'de-seV), v. t. To free from de-
ception or mistake.

Un'de-ni'a-ble (un'de-ni'a-b'l), a. Not deniable ;
obvious. — Un'de-ni'a-bly, adv.

Un'der (un'der), prep. Lower than ; beneath ;
below. — adv. In a lower or subordinate con-
dition ; in subjection. —a. Lower in rank or
degree ; subject ; subordinate.

Un'der-bid' (un'der-bTd'), v. t. To bid or offer

Un'der-brusb/ (un'der-brushO, n. Shrubs and

small trees in a wood ; undergrowth.
Un'der-clothes' (un'der-klothz' or -kloV), n. pi.

Clothes worn under others.
Un'der-cur'rent (un'der-kur'rent), n. A current

below the surface.
Uli'der-d0' (un'der-dob'), v. i. & t To do less

than is requisite ; to cook insufficiently.
Un'der-draill'' (un'der-dran'), n. A drain below

ground, to carry off water from the soil cbove.

— Un'der-draln' (fin'dSr-dran'Jj v. t. To drain
by a covered channel below the surface.

Un'der-go' (Bn'der-go'), v. t. [imp. Underwent

, e, I, o, ix, loug ; a, e, I, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, idea, obey, unite, care, arm, ask, ail, final,

UNDERGRADUATE

465

UNEASY

(-went/) ; p. p. Undergone (-gon') ; p. pr. Un-
dergoing.] To be subjected to ; to bear ; to
sustain.

Un'der-grad'U-ate (un'der-grad'u-at), n. A stu-
dent of a college, who has not taken his first
degree.

TJn'der-ground' (un'der-groundO, a. Being be-
low tiie surface of the ground ; secret ; clandes-
tine. — adv. Beneath the earth's surface.

Un'der- growth' (ihi'der-groth'), n. Shrubs grow-
ing among Urge trees ; underbrush.

Un'der-hand/ (Qn'der-hand7), adv. By secret
means ; clandestinely ; by fraud. — a. Secret ;
clandestine. — Un'der-hand'ed, a. Underhand.

Un'der-lay' (un'd§r-laO, v. t. To lay beneath ;
to support by something laid under. — Un'der-
lay' (fin'dei-la7), n. The inclination, of a vein
or lode in a mine, from the vertical ; a thickness
of paper, etc., put under a cut or stereotype
plate to secure a proper impression in printing.

TJn'der-lease7 (un'der-les'), n. A lease granted
by a tenant or lessee.

Un der-let' (tin' der-let'), v. t. To let below the
value ; to lease at second hand ; to let under a
lease.

Un'der-lie' (un'der-li'), v. t. To lie under; to
form the foundation of ; to support. — v. i. To
lie below or under.

Un/der-line' (un'der-lin'), v. t. To mark a line
below (words) ; to underscore.

Un'der-ling (un'der-ling), n. An inferior.

Un'der-mine' (un'der-min'), v. t. To excavate
the earth beneath ; to sap ; to ruin in an under-
hand way. — Un'der-min'er, n.

Un/der-mosf (uu'der-most'), a. Lowest in place,
rank, state, or condition.

Un'der-neath' (un'der-neth' or -neth'), adv. &
prep. Beneath ; below ; in a lower place.

Un der-pay' (un'der-pa'), v. t. To pay too little.

Un/der-plA' (un'der-pin'), v. t. To lay stones
under (sills) on which a building is to rest ; to
support. — Un'der-pin/ning, n. Foundation.

Un/der-rate/ (un'der-rat'), v. t. To rate too low ;
to undervalue.

Ull'der-run' (fin'der-run'), v. t. To run under ;
to pass along and under (a cable) to take it in
or to examine its condition.

Un'der-SCOr©' (un'der-skor'), v. t. To draw a
mark or line under.

Un'der-sell' (un'der-sel'), v. t. To sell (the same
articles) cheaper than (another).

Un'der-Shot' (un'der-shot/), a. Moved by water
p a a sing beneath ; —
said of a water wheel,
and opposed to over-
shot; having the lower
incisor teeth projecting
beyond the upper ones,
as in the bulldog.

Undersign' (un'der-
sin'), v. t. To write
one's name at the foot
or end of (a letter, legal instrument, etc.).

Un'der-Sized/ (unMer-sizd'), a. Of a size less
than is common ; dwarf.

Un'der- Stand' (un'der-stand'), v. t. [Under-
stood (-stool') ; Understanding.] To appre-
hend ; to know ; to hold or suppose to mean ;
to imply. — r. ?. To be informed; to learn. —
Un der-stand'ing, n. Knowledge ; perception ;
agreement ; explanation ; belief ; sense ; reason.

Undershot Wheel.

Un'der-state' (Qn'der-staf), v. t. To state or
represent less strongly than the truth will bear.

Un'der-Stood', imp. & p. p. of Understand.

Un'der-Strap'per (uu'der-strSyper), n. An infe-
rior agent.

Under-take' (Qn'der-tak'), v. t. [imp. Under-
took (-took') ; p. p. Undertaken (-tak''n) ; p.
pr. Undertaking.] To take upon one's self;
to engage in ; to attempt. — Un'der-tak'er
(-tak'er), n. One who undertakes ; one who
manages funerals. —Un'der-tak'ing, n. That
which is undertaken ; an enterprise ; attempt.

Un'der-ten'ant (un'der-teu'ant), n. The tenant

| of a teuant.

Un'der-tone7 (un'der-ton'), n. A low or subordi-
nate tone or utterance.

Un'der-took', imp. of Undertake.

Un'der-tOW' (uu'der-to7), n. A current of water
below, in a different direction from that on the
surface.

Un'der-val'ue (un'der-vSl'u), v. t. To value or
estimate below the real worth ; to despise.

Un'der-went', imp. of Undergo.

Un'der-WOOd' (un'der-wdod'), n. Small trees
! that grow among large trees ; coppice,
i Un'der-work' ( un'der-wfirk' ), v. t. [Under-
worked (-wfirkf) or Underwrodght (-rat');
Underworking.] To do like work at a less
price than.

Un'der-Wlite' (un'der-rlt'), v. t. [imp. Under-
wrote (-rot') ; p. p. Underwritten (-rit't'n) ,
p. pr. Underwriting.] To write under some-
thing else ; to subscribe , to insure. — Under-
writer (-rit'er), n. ^ An insurer.

Un'de-sign'ing (un'de-zin'iug), a. Sincere ; up-
right; artless.

Un-dine' (fin-den'), n. A fabled water nymph.

Un-do' (Qn-doo'), v. t. {imp Undid (-did') ; p.
p. Undone (-dun') ; p. pr. Undoing.] To re-
verse (what has been done) ; to annul ; to loose ;
to unfasten ; to bring to poverty ; to ruin. —
Un-dO'er, n. — Un-do'ing, n. Reversal ; ruin.

Un-dOUbf ed (Qn-dout'ed), a. Not doubted ; not
called in question; indisputable. — Un-doubt'-
ed-ly, adv.

Un-dress' (Qn-drgs'), v. t. To divest of clothes ;
to deprive of ornaments ; to disrobe. — Un'-
dress (fin'dres), n. A loose, negligent dress ;
the habitual dress of officers and soldiers when
not in full uniform.

Un-due' (fin-du'), a. Not due ; not yet owing ;
excessive; immoderate; inordinate. — Un-du'-
ly, adv.

Un'du-late (un'du-lat), v. t. & i. To move back-
ward and forward, or up and down, as waves;
to vibrate; to wave. — Un'du-la'ted(-la'ted), a.
Like waves ; having a
wavelike color or surface.
-Un'du-la'tion (-15'-
shun), n. A waving mo-
tion or vibration. — Un'-
du-la-to-ry (-la-to-ry), a.
Moving like waves ; vibra-
tory.

Un-earth' (fin-erth'), v. t.
To drive or draw from
the earth ; to uncover ;
to bring to light ; to disclose , to expose.

Unearthly (lin-rrth'ly), a. Not terrestrial ; su-
pernatural ; preternatural.

Un-eas'y (Qn-ez'^), a. Not easy; restless; dis-

Undulated Shell.

fern, recent, orb, rude, lull, urn, lood, loot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then. thin.

UNEASILY

466

UNHOLINESS

turbed ; unquiet ; constrained ; stiff ; disagree-
able ; unpleasing. — Un-eas'i-ly ( Qn-ez'I-ly ),
adv. — Un-eas'i-ness, n.

Un-end'ing (un-enu/Ing), a. Not ending ; ever-
lasting ; eternal.

Uu-equal (un-e'kwal), a. Not equal or even ;
not matched ; not uniform ; not regular. —
Un-e'qualed (-kwald), a. Not equaled or to
be equaled ; unparalleled ; unrivaled. — Un-e7-
qual-ly, adv. In an unequal manner ; in dif-
ferent degrees.

Un-en'ing (un-er'rlng or -er'rTng), a. Commit-
ting no mistake ; incapable of failure ; certain.

Un-6'ven (Bn-e'v'n), «. Not even ; not level ;
not uniform ; rough ; not of equal length. —
Uneven number. A number not divisible by
two without a remainder ; an odd number. —
Un-e'ven-ness, n.

Un'ex-am'pled (un'egz-ani'p'ld), a. Having no
example or similar case ; unprecedented ; un-
paralleled.

Un'ex-cep'tion-a-ble (Qn'ek-sep'shun-a-b'l), a.
Not liaole to exception ; unobjectionable ; fault-
less ; excellent. — Un'ex-cep'tion-a-bly, adv.

Un'ex-pect'ed (un'e'ks-pekt'e'd), a. Not expected ;
coming without warning ; sudden. — Un'ex-
pect'ed-ly, adv.

Un-fail'ing (im-fal'ing), a. Not failing ; not ca-
pable of being exhausted.

Un-f air' (un-iaV), a. Not fair ; not honest; not
impartial ; disingenuous ; tricky. — Un-fair'ly,
adv. — Un-f air'ness, n.

Un-faith' (fin-lath'), n. Want of faith; faith-
lessness ; disbelief ; distrust. — Un-faith'ful
(-ful), a. Not faithful ; not observant of prom-
ises or duty , violating trust ; perfidious ; treach-
erous : undutif ul. — Un-faith'f ul-ly, adv. —
Un-faith'ful-ness, n.

Un-fas'ten (fin-faV'n), v. t. To loose ; to untie.

Un-fath'om-a-ble (fin-laWfim-a-b'l), a. Not fath-
omable ; very deep ; profound.

Un-fa'vor-a-ble (Gn-fa'ver-a-b,l), a. Not favora-
ble ; not propitious ; adverse ; discouraging. —
Un-fa'vor-a-bly, adv.

Un-feel'ing (Gn-iel'ing), a. Destitute of feeling
or sensibility ; insensible ; cruel ; hard-hearted.

Un-fet'ter (Qn-fgt'ter), v t. To loose from fet-
ters ; to free from restraint ; to set at liberty.

Un-fil'ial (un-f Tl'yal), a. Unsuitable to a son or
child ; undutiful.

Un-fln'ished (Gn-fTn'Tsht), a. Not finished ; not
brought to an end ; imperfect ; incomplete.

Ull-fit' (Gu-f it'), a. Not fit ; unqualified ; im-
proper. — v. t. [Unfitted ; Unfitting.] To
make unsuitable , to deprive of necessary qual-
ities ; to disqualify. — Un-fit'ly, adv. — Un-
fitness, n.

Un-fix' (iin-fikr/), v. t. To loosen ; to detach.

Un-fold' (un-fold'), v. t. To open the folds of ;
to expand ; to open (anything covered or
closed) ; to disclose ; to tell ; to lay open to
view ; to release from a fold or pen.

Un-for'tU-nate (Gn-fwr'tu-nat), a. Not fortu-
nate ; unlucky ; attended with misfortune ; un-
happy. — Un-for'tu-nate-ly, adv. — Un-for'tu-
nate-ness, n.

Un found'ed (Gn-found'e'd), a. Not founded ;
having no foundation; baseless; vain; idle.

Un-fre'quent (fin-fre'kwent), a. Not frequent;
not happening often; infrequent. — Un-fre'-
quent-ly, adv.

Un-friend'ly (Qn-frend'ly), a. Not friendly ■, not
kind ; hostile. — Un-friend'li-ness, n.

Un-fruifrul (Qn-frui'iul), a. JSiot producing
fruit or offspring; not prolific ; barren. — Un-
fruit'ful-ness, n.

Unfurl' (fin-iurl'), v. t. [Unfurled; Unfurl-
ing.] To loose from a furled state , to unfold ;
to open ; to spread.

Un-fUT'nish (Gn-fUr'nlsh), v. t. To strip of fur-
niture ; to leave naked or bare.

Un-gain'ly (Gn-gan'ly), a. Not expert or dex-
terous ; clumsy ; awkward ; uncouth. — Un-
gain'li-ness, ».

Un-gen'er-OUS (uu-jgn'er ~s), a. Not generous ,
illiberal ; ignoble dishonorable. — Un-gen'er-
OUS-ly, adv.

Un-gOd'ly (Gn-god'Iy), a. Not godly ; wicked ;
impious ; sinful. — Un-god'li-ness, n.

Un-gOV'ern-a-ble (Gn-gGv'erii-a-b'l), a. Not ca-
pable of being governed or restrained ; licen-
tious ; wild. — Un-gov'em-a-bly, adv.

Un-gracCful ( Gn-gras'ful ), a. Not graceful;
lacking ease, dignity, and elegance ; awkward ;
clumsy. — Un-grace'f ul-ly, adv.

Un-gra'ciOUS (Gn-gra''shus), a. Not gracious ;
showing no grace or kindness ; offensive ; un-
pleasing ; unacceptable. — Un-gra'ciOUS-ly, adv.

— Un-gra'cious-ness, n.

Un-grate'ful (un-grat'lul), a. Not grateful ; un-
thankful ; unacceptable ; disagreeable. — Un-
grate'ful-ly, adv.

Un'guent (Gn'gwent), n. An ointment for sores,
burns, etc.

HUn'gU-la (Gn'gu-la), n. ; pi. Ungule (-le). A
hoof, claw, or talon ; a section or part of a
cylinder, cone, etc., cut off by a
plane oblique to the base, and
resembling a horse's hoof. —
Un'gU-late(-lat),o. Shaped like
a hoof ; having hoofs.

Un-hal'lowed ( Gn-haTlod ), a.
Not hallowed or blessed ; pro-
fane ; wicked ; accursed.

Un-hand'SOme ( Gn-han'suni ), a. Ungula.
Not handsome ; ungracelul ;
unbecoming ; illiberal ; shabb)7 ; uncivil ; un-
polite. — Un-hand'some-ly, adv.

Un-hand'y (un-hand'J-), a. Not handy, dexter-
ous, or ready in the use of the hands ; awkward.

— Un-hand'i-ly, adv.

Un-hap'py (fin-hap'py), a. Not happy or fortu-
nate ; unlucky ; evil ; miserable ; infelicitous. —
Un-hap'pi-ly, adv. — Un-hap'pi-ness, n.

Un'har-mO'ni-OUS ( Gn'har-nio'ni-fis ), a. Not
harmonious ; inharmonious.

Un-har'ness (Gn-har'nes), t>. t. To st rip of har-
ness ; to disarm ; to divest of armor.

Un-health'ful-ness (Qn-hSlth'ful-nes), n. Qual-
ity of being unhealthy.

Un-'health'y (un-hglth'y), a. Wanting health or
vigor ; unsound ; diseased ; unwholesome : mor-
bid. — Un-health'i-ly, adv. - Un-health'i-

H6SS V.

Unheard' (fin-herd'), a. Not heard ; not per-

eeived by the ear; not illustrious; obscure.
Un- hinge' (Qn-hTnj'), V. I. To take from the

hinges ; to displace ; to render unstable.
Un-hitch' (un-hich'), v. t. To loose from being

hitched ; to unfasten.
Un-ho'ly (fin-holy), a. Not holy ; profane ;

wicked. — Un-ho'li-ness, n.

a, e, I, o, u, long ; a, C, 1, 5, il, y, short; senate, Svent, Idea, 6bey, dnite, care, iirm, ask, all, final,

UNHORSE

467

UNLUCKINESS

A fabulous animal

Unicorn, in British Roy-
al Coat of Arms.

Un-horse' ( fin-hoW ), v. t. To throw from a
horse or saddle ; to dismount.

Un-hurt' (uu-.iGit'), a. Not hurt ; free from in-
jury; safe and sound.

U'ni-corn ( u'ui-korn ), n
with one horn.

U'ni-fi-ca'tion ( u'nT-fl-
ka'shuii), n. A uniting
with another so as to
make one being.

U'ni-fonn (u'uT-fSrm), a.
Having always the saui6
form, maimer, or de-
gree ; of the same form
with others ; consonant ;
unvarying ; even. — n.
An identical dress worn
by members of the same
body, military, naval,
etc. — U'ni-iorm'ly,
adv. — U ni-iorml-ty
(-fb'rm'T-ty), n. Quality of being uniform ; re-
semblance ; agreement ; sameness.

Un-ia'ter-est-ed (un-iu'i-er-est-eJ), a. Not in-
terested ; disinterested ; having nothing at
stake ; not having the mind or the passions en-
gaged.

Un'lon (un'yun), n. A uniting or joining two or
more things into one ; agreemant ; harmony ; a
combination or coalition of parts or members ;
a consolidated body. — Un'ion-ist, n. One who
advocates union ; a supporter of a federal un-
ion, as that of the United States.

U-nip/a-r0US (u-mr/a-rus), a. Producing one at
a birth.

U'ni-ped (u'ni-ped), a. Having only one foot.

U-nique' (u-nek'), a. Without a like or equal ;
unmatched ; single.

U'ni-SOn. (u'nT-sun). n. Harmony ; concord ; un-
ion ; accordance of musical sounds. — U-nis'O-
nance ( u-nTs'o-iwus), n. Accordance of sounds.
— U-nis'o-nant (-uont), U-nis'o-nous (-uus), a.
Being in unison.

TJ'nit (u'nit), n. A single thing or person; the
least whole number ; one.

U'ni-ta'l'i-an (iTuT-ta'ri-on), n. One who denies
the doctriue of the Trinity, believing that God
exists only in one person. —a. Pertaining to
Unitarians, or to their doctrines. — U ni-ta'ri-
an-ism (-Tz'iu), n. Doctrines of Unitarians.

U-nits/ (u-iuV), v. t. To put together or join. —
v. i. To become one, to be consolidated: to
grow together ; to act in concert. — U-nit'ed-ly
(-eJ-ly), adv.
With union or
joint efforts. —
U-nit'er, i».

U'ni-ty (u'n T-ty),
n. ; j>l. Unities
(-ttz). State of
being one; one-
ness; agree-
m e n t ; uni-
formity ; any
definite quan-
tity, or aggre-
gate, taken as
one.

U'ni-valve (u'nY- I//
v S 1 v ) , U'nl-
Vatved(-vSlvd), Univalve Shells.

Double and Single Universal
Joints. (1) ah Shafts ; c Cross.
(2) ab Shafts: cc Crosses; d
Connecting Link.

a Having one valve only, as a shell or pericarp.

— 7i. A shell having but one valve. — U'ni-val'-
VU-lar (-vad'vu-ler), '/. Having one valve only.

U'ni-ver'sal ' u'ni-ver'sal), a. Extending to all ;
unlimited ; total ; whole. — Universal cou-
pling, Universal joint. A contrivance tor join-
ing two shafts
or parts of a
machine end-
wise, so that
one may rotate
the other when
at an angle
with it. —
U'ni-ver'-
sal-ly, adv.
Iii a universal
manner ; with-
out exception.

— U'ni- ver-
sal'l-ty (-ver-
sal'T-ty), n.

U ' ni - ver ' sal -
ism (u'ni-ver'sal-iz'm), n. The doctrine that
all men will be saved in the future life. — U'ni-
ver'sal-istLn. A believer in Universalism.

U'ni-verse (u'nT-vers), n. The whole system of
created things; the world.

U'ni-ver'3i-ty^ (u/uT-ver'.n-ty), n. An institu-
tion for teaching all branches of learning, or
the four faculties of theology, medicine, law,
and the sciences and arts.

Un-jUSt' (fin-just'), a. Contrary to justice and
right ; wrongful. — Un-just'ly, adv.

Un-kind' (fin-kind'), a. Wanting in kindness;
cruel ; harsh. — Un-Wnd'ly, adv. — Un-kind'-
ness, n. — Un-kind'ly, a. Unkind ; ungracious;
malignant. — Un-kind'li-ness. n.

Un-knit' (Qn-nTt'), v. t. To separate (threads
that are knit) ; to open ; to loose.

Unlace' (fin-las'), v. t. To loost; from lacing or
fastening ; to loose the dress of.

Unlade' (un-lad'), v. t. To unload ; to take out
the cargo of ; to discharge.

Un-law'ful (Qn-la'ful), a. Not lawful , contrary
to law ; illegal.' — Un-law'ful-ly, adv. — Un-
law'ful-ness. v.

Unlearn' (Qn-lern'), v. t. To forget (what has
beeu learned r.r known). — Un-learn'ed (-lern'-
Sd), a. Not learned ; ignorant ; not befitting a
learned man.

Un-less' (fin-leV), covj. Except , if not.

Un-like' (fin-lik'), "• Not like; dissimilar; di-

liaving no resemblance. — Un-likely, a.

Not likely; improbable; not to be reasonably

expected: unpromising. — adv. Improbably

— Un-like'ness. n.

Un-lim'it-ed (Bn-lImlt-Sd), a. Not limited ;

boundless; indefinite; not restrained.
Un-load' (iin-lod'), v. t. To take the load from;

oxden.
Unlock' (fin-lokO, v. t. To unfasten (what is

locked) : to open.
Un-loose' < tin-loos'), v. t. To make loose. — >•. ?*.

To fall in pieces ; to lose connection or union.

— Un-l00S'en (-*n), V. I. To unloose.
Un-love'ly (un-lilv'iy). ,,. Not lovely; disagree-
able; displeasta*. — Un-love'li-ness. n.

Un-luck'y (un-liik'y), a. Not lucky ; unfortu-

i>:it<- : iii.uispicious. — Un-luck'i-ly, adv. — Un-
luck'i-ness. n.

fern, recent, drb, rijde, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, tnin.

UNMAKE

468

UNSEEN

Un-make' (fin-mak'), v. t. To destroy the form
and qualities of.

Unman' (fin-man'), v. t. To deprive of virility,
courage, or fortitude ; to dishearten.

Un-man'ly (uii-inan'ly), a. Unsuitable to a
man; effeminate; ignoble; base; cowardly.

Un-man'ner-ly (Qn-man'ner-ly), a. Not having
good manners ; ill-bred ; rude.

Un-mask' (fin-mask'), v. t. To strip of a mask
or of disguise ; to expose.

Un-mean'ing (Qn-inen'ing), a. Not meaning ;
destitute of meaning or signification ; not indi-
cating intelligence.

Un-mer'ci-ful (Qn-mer'sT-ful), a. Not merciful ;
cruel; unconscionable; exorbitant. — Un-mer'-
ci-lul-ly, adv. — Un-mer'ci-ful-ness, n.

TJn'mis-tak'a-ble (Qn'mTs-tak'a-b'l), a. Incapa-
ble of being mistaken or misunderstood ; clear.

Un-moor' (Qn-mobr'), v. t. To cause to ride with
a single anchor, alter having been moored by
two or more cables ; to loose from anchorage.

Un-nat'U-ral (Qn-nSt'u-ral), a. Not natural;
contrary to the laws of nature or to the natural
feelings. —Un-nat'u-ral- ly. adv.

Un-nec'es-Sa-ry (fin-nes'es-sa-ry), a. Not neces-
sary ; useless ; needless. — Un-nec'es-sa-rl-ly,
adv. — Un-nec'es-sa-ri-ness, n.

Un-neigh1)0r-ly (Gn-na'ber-ly), a. Not befitting
a neighbor ; unfriendly ; unkind.

"Dn-nerve' (Qn-nerv'), v. t. To deprive of nerve
or strength ; to weaken ; to enfeeble.

TJn-nunVbered (un-nfim'berd), a. Not num-
bered ; not possible to be numbered ; innumer-
able ; countless.

Un-pack' ( fin-pak' ), v. t. To open (things
packed).

Un-pal'a-ta-ble (Sn-pSl'a-ta-b'l), a. Not palata-
ble ; offensive ; nauseous.

Un-par'al-leled (Qn-par'al-leld), a. Having no
parallel or equal ; unequaled ; unmatched.

Un-par'lia-men'ta-ry (Qn-paVlT-meii'ta-ry), a.
Contrary to the usages of Parliament or to the
rule3 of legislative bodies.

Un-pin' (fin-pin'), v. t. To unfasten (what is held
together by pins).

Un-pleas'ant ( fin-plez'ffnt ), a. Not pleasant ;
displeasing. — Un-pleas'ant-ly, adv. — Un-
pleas'ant-ness,n.

Un-pop'u-lar (Qn-pop'Q-ler), a. Not popular;
disliked by the people and community. — Un-
pop'U-lar'i-ty (-lar'T-ty), n.

Un-prec'e-dent-ed (fin-prgs'e-dent-e'd), a. Hav-
ing no precedent or example ; novel ; new. —
Un-prec'e-dent-ed-ly, adv.

Un-prej'u-diced (un-prej'u-dist), a. Not preju-
diced; free from bias ; impartial.

Un'pre-tend'ing (fin'pre-tend'ing), a. Not pre-
tending; making no pretense; modest. — Un'-
pre-tend'ing-ly, adv.

Un-prln'ci-pled (fin-prln'sT-p'ld), a. Not having
settled principles; without virtue ; profligate.

Un'prO-duCtive (Gn'pro-duk'tTv), a. Not pro-
ductive ; barren ; not making profitable returns
for labor or for capital ; not producing any
effect.

Un-prof'it-a-ble (un-prSf'Tt-a-b'l), a. Not profit-
;i'>le ; bringing no profit, gain, or advantage;
nselesB. — Un-prof'it-a-bly. adv.

Un-prom'is-ing (fin-promTs-Tng), a. Not prom-
ising ; not affording prospect of success, excel-
lence, profit, etc.

Un-qual'i-fied (fin-kwol'i-fld), a. Not qualified
or fit ; not restricted by conditions or excep-
tions ; absolute ; unconditional.

Un-ques'tion-a-ble (un-kweVehun-a-b'l), a. Not
to be questioned or doubted ; indubitable ; cer-
tain. — Un-ques'tion-a-bly, adv.

Un-qui'et (Qu-kwl'et), a. Not quiet or tranquil ;
restless ; uneasy ; disturbed. — Un-qui'et-ly,
adv. — Un-qui'et-ness, n.

Un-rav'el (Gn-rav"l), v. t. To disentangle; to
disengage or separate (threads that are knit) ;
I to clear from difficulty ; to solve.
| Un-read'y (fin-red'y), a. Not ready or prepared ;
not prompt or quick ; slow ; clumsy. — Un-
i read'i-ly, adv. — Un-read'i-ness, n.

Un-re'al (fin-re'al), a. Not real ; unsubstantial ;
having appearance only.

Un-rea'son-a-ble (fin-re'z'n-a-b'l), o. Exceeding
the bounds of reason; exorbitant; inordinate.
— Un rea'son-a-ble-ness, n. — Un-rea'son-a-
bly, adv.

Un're-li'a-ble (un're-H'a-b'l), a. Not reliable;
not trustworthy.

Un're-mit'ting (Qn're-mit'tTng), a. Not abat-
ing ; continued ; persevering.

Un're-served7 (Qn're-zervd'), a. Not reserved ;
not limited or restrained ; not withheld in part;
full ; entire ; open ; frank. — Un're-serv'ed-ly
(-zerv'ed-ly), adv.

Un-rest' (fin-rest'), n. Want of rest or repose;
unquietness.

Un-rid'dle (fin-rid'd'l), v. t. To read the riddle
of ; to explain.

Un-right'eous (Qn-ri'chfis), a. Not righteous;
not just ; evil ; unjust. — Un-right/e0US-ly,
adv. — Un-righf eous-ness, n.

Un-ripe' (fin-rip'), a. Not ripe or mature ; not
yet proper ; not completed.

Un-roll' (un-rol'), v . t. To open (what is rolled) :
to display.

Unruffled (fin-rfif'f'ld), a. Not ruffled ; calm ;
tranquil ; quiet.

Un-rul'y (Gn-rul'^), a. Not submissive to rule ;
disregarding restraint; ungovernable ;- refrac-
tory.

Un-sad'dle (Gn-sSd'd'l), v. t. To take the saddle
from ; to unhorse.

Un-safe' (Gn-saf), a. Not safe , dangerous ; haz-
ardous.

Un-say' (Qn-sa'), V. t. To recall (what has been
said) ; to retract ; to take back again.

Un-SCiew' (Qn-skru/), v. t. To draw the screws
from ; to loosen (a screw) by turning it.

Un-SCfU'pu-lous (Qn-skrii'pu-IGs), a. Not scru-
pulous : unprincipled ; ruthless.

Un-seal' (fin-sel'). v. t. To break the seal of ; to
open (what is sealed).

Un-search'a-ble (Gn-serch'a-b'l), a. Not to be
searched into ; inscrutable ; mysterious.

Un-sea'SOn-a-ble (Gn-se'z'n-a-b'l), a. Not sea-
sonable ; not in the proper season or time ; ill-
timed ; late : unfit. — Un-sea'son-a-bly, adv.

Un-seat' (fin-set'), v. t. To throw from the seat ;
to deprive of a seat.

Un-sea'wor-thy (fin-se'wfir-tlif), a. Not in a fit
state to encounter the perils of a sea voyage.

Un-seem'ly (un-sem'iy), a Not seemly; not fit
or becoming ; unbecoming. — adv. In an un-
seemly manner ; indecently

Un-seen' (fin-sen'), a. Not seen; not discovered ;
invisible.

>, I, o, u , long ; ft, p. I, o, u, y, short ; sen&te, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

UNSETTLE

469

UPHILL

Un-set'tle (un-sgt't'l), v. t. To move from a fixed
state ; to displace ; to disorder.

Un-shac'kle (un-shak'k'l), v. t. To loose from
shackles or bonds ; to set free.

Un-sheathe7 (uu-sheth7), v. t. To draw (a sword)
from the sheath or scabbard ; to make war.

Un-ship' (un-ship7), v. t. To take out of a ship
or vessel ; to remove (a part or implement)
from the place where it is fixed or fitted.

Un-Sight'ly (un-sit'ty'), a. Not sightly ; ugly.

Un-SkilTful (un-skTl'ful), a. [Written also un-
skilful.] Not skillfui ; wanting knowledge and
dexterity ; awkward ; clumsy. — Un-skUl'ful-
ly, adv. — Un-skill'ful-ness, n.

Un-S07cia-ble (iin-so'sha-b'l), a. Not sociable ;
averse to companionship or conversation ; soli-
tary ; reserved. — Un-so'cia-bly, adv. — Un-
so'cia-bil'l-ty (-bTl'T-ty), n.

Un-SOUnd' (fin-sound7), a. Not sound ; deficient ;
infirm ; sickly ; not to be trusted ; not faithful ;
wrong ; deceitful ; questionable. — Un-SOUnd'-
ly, adv. — Un-sound'ness, n.

Un-spar'lng (fin-spar'iug), a. Not sparing ; lib-
eral ; profuse.

Un-speak/a-ble (fin-spek'a-b'l), a. Not to be
uttered or adequately described ; unutterable ;
ineffable. — Un-speak'a-bly, adv.

Un-Spot/ted (Qn-spot'tgd), a. Not spotted ; free
from spot or moral stain ; unblemished ; pure.

Un-Stead'y (fin-stgd'y), a. Not steady ; not con-
stant ; variable ; changeable. — Un-Stead'i-ly,
adv. — ■ Un-stead'i-ness, n.

Un-Stop7 (Qn-st5p'), v. t. To free (a bottle or
cask) from a stopple ; to open.

Un-String' (fin-string'), v. t. To deprive of
strings ; to loosen ; to take from a string.

Un'SUC-cess'ful (Qn'sfik-sgs'ful), a. Not success-
ful ; not fortunate ; meeting with, or resulting
in, failure. — Un'suc-cess'ful-ly, adv.

Un-suit'a-ble (fiu-sut'a-b'l), a. Not suitable ;
unfit ; improper. — Un-SUit/a-bly, adv.

Un-tan'gle (an-tSn/g'l), v. t. To loose from tan-
gles or intricacy ; to disentangle.

Un-think'ing (fin-thTnk'Tng), a. Not thinking ;
not heedful ; thoughtless ; inconsiderate. —
Un-thlnk'ing-ly, adv.

Un-tie' (fin-ti'), v. t. To loosen; to disengage the
parts of (a knot) ; to let loose ; to unbiud.

Un-til' (un-til'), prep. To; till; as far as. —
conj. As far as ; to the point, place, or de-
gree that ; up to the time that ; till.

Un-time'ly (un-tim'ly), a. Not timely; happen-
ing before the usual or natural time. —adv.
Before the natural time ; prematurely.

Un'tO (Qn'too), prep. To.

Untold' (un-told'), a. Not told ; not revealed ;
not numbered or counted.

Un-tO'ward (fin-to'erd), a. Froward ; perverse ;
awkward ; troublesome ; unmanageable. — Un-
tO'ward-ly, adv. Perversely. — a. Perverse ;
untoward. — Un-to'ward-ness, n.

Un-true' (fin-tru'), O. Not true; false; incon-
stant; not fulfilling duties; disloyal. — Un-
tTU'ly (-tru'ly), adv. — Un-truth' (-truth'), n.
Contrariety to truth ; falsehood ; treachery.

Un- twine' (fin-twin'), V. I. To untwist ; to dis-
entangle.

Un-twlst' (fin-twist'), 9. t. & i. To separate and
open (twisted threads) ; to disentangle.

Un-tt'SU-al (un-u'zhu-wl). a. Not usual; un-
common; rare. — Un-U'SU-al-ly. adv

Un-ut'ter-a-ble (Qn-Qt7ter-a-b'l), a. Incapable of
being uttered ; ineffable ; inexpressible. — Un-
ut'ter-a-bly, adv.

Un-vai'nisfied (fiu-viir'msht), a. Not overlaid
with varnish ; not artificially colored or artfully
embellished ; plaiu.

Un-veil' (uu-val7), v. t. To remove a veil from ;
to uncover ; to disclose to view.

Un-war'rant-a-ble (Qn-wor'rant-a-b'l), a. Not
warrantable or justifiable ; illegal ; unjust ; im-
proper. — Un-war'rant-a-bly, adv.

Un-wa'ry (un-wa'ry), a. Not vigilant against
danger ; unguarded ; precipitate. — Un-wa'ri-
ly, adv. — Un-wa^ri-ness, n.

Un-wea'ried (fin-u e'rid), a. Not wearied ; per-
sistent ; indefatigable.

Un-weave7 (un-wev'), v. t. To unfold ; to undo
(what has been woven).

Un-well' (ihi-weP), a. Not well; indisposed;
ill ; ailing.

Un-whole'some (un-hol7sum), a. Not whole-
some ; unfavorable to health ; pernicious ; inju-
dicious. — Un-whole'some-ness, n.

Un-Wield'y (uu-weld'y), a. Not wieldy; un-
manageable ; bulky ; ponderous.

Un-will'ing (Qn-wil'llng), a. Not willing ; loath ;
reluctant. — Un-will'ing-ly, adv. — Un-will7-
ing-ness, n.

Un-wind' (fin-wind7), v. t. To wind off ; to loose
(what is wound or convolved) ; to disentangle.
— v. i. To become unwound.

Un-wise7 (Qn-wiz7), a. Not wise ; injudicious ;
indiscreet ; foolish. — Un-wlse'ly, adv.

Un-wit'tlng-ly (fin-wit'tlng-ly), adv. Without
knowledge or consciousness ; ignorantly.

Un-wont'ed (un-wunt'gd), a. Not wonted ; un-
accustomed ; unused ; unusual ; rare. — Un-
wont'ed-ly, adv. — Un-wont'ed-ness, n.

Un-WOr'thy (un-wftr'thy), a. Not worthy; not
deserving ; worthless ; discreditable ; not be-
coming or suiting. — Un-WOr'thi-ly, adv. —
Un-wor'thi-ness, n.

Un-wrap' (fin-r5p7), v. t. To open or undo (what
is wrapped or folded).

Un-WTeathe' (Qn-rerh7), v. t. To untwist or un-
twine ; to undo (anything wreathed).

Un-Wlit'ten (fin-rlt't'n), a. Not written; ver-
bal ; containing no writing ; blank.

Un-yleld'ing (fiu-yeld'Tng), a. Not yielding ; un-
bending: stiff; firm; obstinate.

Un-yoke' (fin-yok'), v. t. To loose or free from a
yoke ; to disjoin ; to disconnect.

Up (up), adv. Aloft; on high; above; from a
lower to a higher place or position ; in an ex-
alted position ; completely. — prep. From a
lower to a higher place ; on or along ; at a higher
situation upon; at the top of. — n. The state
of being up or above ; prosperity.

U'pas (u'pAs), n. A tree of Java and neighboring
isles, faMed to poison the atmosphere about it.

Up-bear' (tip-bar'), v. t. To bear up ; to elevate ;
bo sustain.

Upbraid' (tip-brad'), v. t. To charge with some-
thing wrong or disgraceful ; to bring reproach
on ; to chide ; to censure ; to condemn.

Up-heav'al (fip-hev'al), n. An upheaving or lift-
ing up. — Upheave7 (-hev'), v. t. To heave or

lift up from beneath.
Up-held', imp. & />. p. of Uphold.
Up'hill' (up'hTIO, a. Ascending ; going up ;

ficult.

dif-

fgrn, recent, orb, rude, lull, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlieu, tnin.

UPHOLD

470

USURPER

Up-hold' (up-hold'), v. t. To hold up ; to elevate ;
to support ; to sustain ; to keep from falling ;
to give moral support to ; to countenance. —
Up-hold'er, n.

Up-hol'Ster (up-hol'ster), v. t. To supply with
carpets, curtains, etc. ; to cover and repair (fur-
niture). — Up-hol'ster-er, n. — Up-hol'ster-y
(-y), n. The wares or business of an uphol-
sterer.

Upland (up/land), n. High land; ground ele-
vated above the meadows, etc. — a. High in
situation.

Up-lift' (up-liff), v. t. To lift or raise aloft ; to
elevate. — Uplift', n. A raising or upheaval of

Uplift Dislocation in Strata of Rock or Slate.

geological strata, disturbing their regularity,
and causing folds, dislocations, etc.

Up'most' (iip/most'), a. Highest ; uppermost.

Up-on' (up-on'), prep. On.

Up'per (Gp'per), a. ; comp. of Up. Further up ;
higher ; superior. — n. The upper leather of a
shoe. — The upper hand. The superiority;
the advantage. — Up'per-ntOSf (-most'), a. ;
superl. of Up or Uppeb. Further up ; upmost ;
highest ; supreme.

Up'pish (up'pish), a. Proud ; assuming ; putting
on airs of superiority.

Up-raise' (up-raz'), v. t. To raise ; to lift up.

Up'right (up'rit), a. Erect ; perpendicular ; hon-
est ; just. — n. Something standing erect. —
Up'right-ly, adv. — Up'right-ness, n.

Up-rise7 (up-riz'), v. i. To rise up ; to get up ;
to ascend.

Up'roar' (up'ror'), n. Great tumult ; disturbance ;
clamor. — Up-roar'i-OUS (-T-us), a. Making, or
accompanied by, uproar or tumult. — Up-roar'i-
ons-ly, adv. — Up-roar'i-ous-ness, n.

Up-root' (tip-root'), v. t. To root up ; to tear up
by the roots ; to eradicate.

Up-rouse' (iip-rouz'), v. t. To rouse from sleep ;
to awake.

Up-set' (Qp-seV), v. t. To set up ; to put upright ;
to overturn, overthrow, or overset. — Up'set',
n. An overturn ; an overthrow. — a. Set up ;
fixed ; determined.

Up'shoV (fip'shoV ), n. Final issue ; conclusion ;
end.

Up'side' (lip'sid'), n. The upper side; the part
uppermost. — Upside down. With the upper
part undermost ; in complete disorder ; topsy-
turvy.

Up-Start' (iip-starf), v. i. To start or spring up
suddenly. — Up'start' (ur/starf), n. Some-
thing that starts up suddenly ; one arisen from
low life to wealth or honor; a parvenu.

Up'ward ( fir/werd ), a. Directed to a higher
place. — Up'ward, Up'wards (-werdz), adv.
In a direction from lower to higher ; toward a
higher place ; above.

U-ra'nl-um (u-rii'iiT-fim), n. A rare metal, whose
oxides are used in painting on porcelain.

U'ra-nog'ra-phy (u'ra-nog'ra-fjf), ». A descrip-
tion of the heavens and heavenly bodies. —
U'ra-nol'O-gy ( -nol'6-jy ), n. Science of the
heavens and heavenly bodies.

U'ra-nus (u'ra-nus), n. One of the planets,
aoout 1, 800,000 ,001) miles trom the sun.

Ur'ban (fir'ban), a. Pertaining to a city.

Ur-bane5, ( Qr-ban' ), a. Courteous in manners;
polite ; courteous. — Ur-bane'ly, adv. — Ur-
ban'i-ty (-ban'I-ty), n.

Ur'chin (fir'chm), n. A hedgehog; a child; a
pert little fellow.

HU-re'ter (u-re'ter), n. The tube conveying urine
from kidney to bladder. — U-re'thra (-thra), n.
The canal by which urine is discharged. — U-re'-
thral (-throl), a. Pertaining to the urethra.

Urge (uij), v. t. [Urged (firjd) ; Urging.] To
press; to incite; to impel; to stimulate: to
encourage. — Urgent ( Qr'jent ), a. Urging ;
pressing ; besetting. — Ur'gent-ly, adv. — Ur'-
gen-cyj-jen-sjr), n.

U'rine (u'rin), n. A fluid secreted by the kid-
neys. — U'ri-nal (u'ri-nal), n. A vessel for
containing urine. — U'ri-na-ry (-na-ry), a. Per-
taining to, or of the nature of, urine. — U'rf-
nate (-nat), v. i. To make water.

Urn (firn), n. A vessel of various forms ; a vase.

— v. t. To inclose in an urn.

Ur'sa ( fir'sa ), n. [L.] A bear. — Ur'si-forni
(-8i-f6rm), a. In the shape of a bear. — Ur'-
Sine (-sin or -sin), a. Pertaining to, or re-
sembling, a bear.

Us (us), pron. pi., objective case of We.

Use (us), to. An employing anything; applica-
tion ; employment ; necessity ; usefulness ; util-
ity ; practice ; custom. — Use (uz), v. t. [Used
(uzd) ; Using.] To make use of ; to employ ;
to behave toward ; to treat ; to practice custom-
arily ; to habituate. — v. i. To be accustomed.

— Us'er, n. — Us'a-ble (uz'a-b'l), a. Capable
of being used. — Us'age (-aj), n. A using;
mode of using ; treatment ; habitual use ; meth-
od. — Us'ance (-ins), ». The time allowed for
payment of a bill of exchange. — Use'ful (uV-
ful), a. Having use ; profitable ; serviceable.

— Use'fnl-ly, adv. — Use'ful-ness, n. — Use-
less, a. Having no use ; fruitless; worthless. —
Use'less-ly, adv. — Use'less-ness, n.

Ush'er (ush'er), 7i. One in charge of the door
of a court, hall, etc., or employed to introduce
strangers, or precede a person of rank ; an un-
der teacher in a school. — v. t. [Ushered
(-erd) ; Ushering.] To introduce as a forerun-
ner or harbinger.

Us'que-baugh (us'kwe-ba), n. Irish or Scotch
whiskey.

Us'tion (us'chun), n. A burning.

U'SU-al (u'zhu-«l), a. In use ; customary ; ordi-
nary ; frequent. — U'SU-al-ly, adv.

U'SU-frnct (il'zu-friikt), n. The right to use an-
other's property, without impairing the sub-
stance. — U'SU-fruc'tU-a-ry (-fruk'tu-a-ry), n.
One having the use of property and reaping the
profits of it. — a. Pertaining to, or in the na-
ture of, a usufruct.

U'SU-rer (u'zhu-rer), n. One who practices usu-
ry. _ U-SU'rl-OUS (u-zhu/iT-tis), a. Practicing
usury ; of the nature of usury.

Usurp' (u-zQrp'), v. t. [Usurped (u-zftrpt');
Usurping.] To seize and hold by force or with-
out right ; to assume ; to appropriate. — U-SUrp'-

a, e, i, u, u, lung ; a, 6, i, 5, u, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

USURPATION

471

VALIDITY

er, n. - TFsur-pa'tion (u'zfir-pa'shun), n. A
usurping ; a wrougiul seizing of the power or
property of another.

U'SU-ry (u'zhu-ry), n. Exorbitant or illegal in-
terest for the use of money.

U-ten'sil (u-ten'sil), n. An instrument ; an im-
plement ; a vessel used in a kitchen, etc.

U'te-rUS (u'te-rus), n. [L.] The wouib. — U'ter-
ine (-ter-in or -in), a. Pertaining to the womb ;
born of one mother, but by a different father.

U-til'1-ty (u-til'i-ty), n. Usefulness; benefit;
profit ; avail ; service. — U-til/i-ta'ri-an, a.
Consisting in, or pertaining to, utility or util-
itarianism. — n. A believer in utilitarianism. —
TJ-tiM-ta'ri-an-ism, n. The doctrine that all
social institutions should seek the greatest hap-
piness of the greatest number ; also, the doc-
trine that virtue is founded in utility^

U'til-iM (u'til-iz), v. t. [Utilized (u'til-Izd);
Utilizing.] To make useful ; to turn to use.
— U'til-i-za'tion (-I-za'shun), n. A utilizing.

Ut/most/ (ut/mosf), a. Situated at the furthest
point ; most distant ; extreme ; last. — n. The
most that can be.

U-to'pi-a (u-to'pi-a), n. An imaginary island,

represented as enjoying perfect politics, laws,
etc. ; a state of ideal perfection. — U-to'pi-an
(-an), a. Pertaining to Utopia ; ideal ; lunch ul.
— U-to/pi-an-ism (-Tz'm), n. Propensity for
impracticable reforms ; a chimerical scheme.

U'tri-cle (u'trl-k'l), n. A little bag, bladder, or
cell.

Uf ter (ut'ter), a. Complete ; perfect ; total ;
peremptory ; absolute ; mere ; entire ; quite. —
Ut'ter-ly, adv. Fully ; totally. — Ut'ter-most'
(-mo it'), a. Extreme; utmost. — n. Utmost;
extremest thing or degree possible.

Ut'ter (ut'ter), v. t. [Uttered (-terd) ; Utter-
ing.] To put in circulation; to disclose; to
publish ; to speak. — Ut'ter-er, n. — Ut'ter-a-
ole, a. Capable of being uttered, pronounced,
or expressed. — Ut'ter-ance (-<ms), ?». An ut-
tering ; sale ; circulation ; expression ; pronun-
ciation ; manner of speaking.

U've-OUS (u've-us), a. Resembling a grape.

iiU'VU-la (u'vu-la), n. The fleshy body suspended
from the soft palate.

Ux-o'rl-OUS (uks-oM-us), a. Excessively or sub-
missively fond of one's wife. — UX-O'll-OUS-ly,

adv. — TJx-o'ri-ous-ness, n.

V.

Va'cant (vacant), a. Without contents ; empty ;
unoccupied ; void ; idle. — Va'cant-ly, adv. —
Va'can-cy (-kan-s^), n. Emptiness ; leisure ;
vacuity ; gap ; an unoccupied office. — Va'cate
(-kat), v. t. To make vacant ; to annul ; to make
void. — Va-ca'tion (va-ka'shun), n. A vacating
or making void ; an intermission of business or
study ; a rest ; a recess.

Vac'ci-nate (v£k'sT-nat), v. t. To inoculate with
cowpox, by virus from cows. — Vac'ci-luVtor
(-na'ter), n. — VaCci-na'tion (-na'shun), n. A
vaccinating. — Vac/cine (vak'sin or -sin), a.
Pertaining to cows, or to vaccination.

VaCil-late (v5s11-lat), v. i. To move one way
and the other ; to fluctuate ; to be unsteady or
inconstant; to waver. — VaCil-la'tion (vaVIl-
la'shun), n. A vacillating ; inconstaucy.

Va-CU'i-ty ( va-ku'T-tjf ), n. Emptiness ; void ;
vacuum. —Vac'U-um(v5k'u-um),n. [L.j Space
empty or devoid of all matter or body.

Va'de me'CUm (va'de nie'kum). [L., go with
me.] A book or other thing that one keeps al-
ways beside him ; a manual.

Vag'a-bond (vag'a-b5ud), a. Moving about with-
out any certain direction ; wandering. — n.
One who wanders idly ; a vagrant. — Vag'a-
bondage ( -b5ud'aj ), Vag'a-bond Ism (-Tz'm),
Vag'a-bond'ry(-ry), n. Idleness.

Va-ga'ry ( va - ga ' ry ), n. A wandering of the
thoughts ; a wild freak ; a whim.

Vag'i-nal (vSj'i-nal), a. Pertaining to a sheath
or canal.

Va'grant (va'grant), a. Moving without certain
direction ; wandering ; unsettled, —n. An idle
wanderer ; a sturdy beggar : a vagabond. — Va'-
grant-ly, adv. — Va'gran-cy (-gran-«y), n.

Vague (vag), a. [Vaguer; Vaguest.] Unset-
tled ; unfixed ; indefinite ; loose ; lax. — Vague/-
ly. adv. — Vagae'ness. n.

Vail <!val), n. A screen or cover ; a veil.

Vail (val), v. t. To lower in token of inferiority,

reverence, submission, or the like.
Vain (van), a. Having no real substance or im-
portance ; empty ; worthless ; delusive ; trifling ;
having a high opinion of one's self ; ostentatious.
— Vain'ly, adv. — Vain'ness, n. — Vain'glo'ry
(-glo'ry), n. Excessive vanity ; empty pride ;
uudue elation of mind. — Vain'glo'ri-OUS (-ri-
Qs), a. Boastful ; vaunting. — Vain glo'ri-OUS-
ly, adv.
Val'ance (val'ans), n. Hanging drapery for a

bed, window, etc.
Vale (val), n. A tract of low ground ; a valley ;

a dale.
Val/e-dic'tion ( vai'e-dTk'shun ), n. A bidding
farewell; an adieu. — Val' e-dic'to-ry (-to-ry),
a. Bidding farewell; leave -taking. — n. A
farewell address. — VaTe-dic-to'ri-an (-dTk-to'-
rT-an), n. One who pronounces a valedictory.
Va-len'ci-ennes' (va-len'sT-enz'), n. [F.] A lace

made at Valenciennes, France.
Val'en-tine (vSl'en-tin), n. A sweetheart chosen,
or a love-letter sent, on St. Valentine's day. —
St. Valentine's Day. The 14th of February,
sacred to St. Valentine.
Va-le'ri-an (va-le'rT-an), n. A plant used in med-
icine as an antispasmodic.
Val'et (vSl'6t or vXl'a), n. A gentleman's body

servant.
Val e-tu di-na'ri-an (vai'e-tu'dl-na'rT-fln), a. of
infirm health ; sickly , weakly. — n. A person
of weak constitution ; one seeking to recover
health. — Vai'e-tu'di-na-ry (-tu'dl-ufi-ry), a.
A v. Valetudinarian.
Val'iant (vSl'wnt), a. Intrepid: heroic; brave.

— Val'lant -ly, adv. — Val'lant-ness. n.
Val'id ( vXl'Td i. a. Having itrengtfa or force ; ca-
pable of being justified or BOp]

irti.ient. — Val'id-ly. adv. — Val'-
id-ness, Va-Ud'i-ty (va-H.i'l-t>

fern, recent, orb, rWde, fuU, Om, food, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, biub, ink, tlien, thin.

VALISE

472

VARY

A traveling bag ; a port-
A rampart or in-

Va-lise' (va-les')
manteau.

Val-la'tion (v51-la'shun)
trenchment.

Val'ley (vSl'li), n. ; pi. Valleys (-ITz). A space
between ranges of hills or mountains ; a vale ; a
meeting of two slopes in a roof, or the depression
thus formed. — Valley roof
A roof having valleys.

Val'OI (vaTer), n. Courage ; he-
roism ; bravery ; prowess. —
Varor-OUS (-us), a. Stout;
bold ; courageous. — Val'or -
OUS-ly, adv.

Val'ue , (vSl'6), n. The property Va„ R(jof
which renders a thing useful ;
worth ; price ; rate ; importance. — v. t. [Val-
ued (-ud) ; Valuing.] To estimate the worth
of ; to rate at a certain price ; to rate at a high
price ; to hold in respect ; to regard ; to prize.

— Val'U-a-ble, a. Having value or worth ;
costly ; estimable. — n. A thing of value ; a
precious possession. — Val'U-a'tion (-a'shun),
n. A valuing, or estimating the value or worth ;
appraisement; estimated worth. — Val'U-a'tor
(-a'ter), n. One who sets a value on anything ;
an appraiser. — Val'ue-less, a. Of no value.

Valve (v51v), n. A folding door ; a lid or cover
to an aperture, opening only one way. — Valved
(vSlvd), a. Having valves ; composed of valves.

— Valv'ate (vXlv'at), a. Resembling or serv-
ing as a valve ; opening by valves. — ValV'U-lar
( v51v'u-ler ), a. Pertaining to,
or containing, valves ; opening
by means of valves.

Va-mose' (va-mos'), v. i. To be
off ; to depart quickly. [Slang]

Vamp (vSmp), n. The upper, or
upper leather, of a shoe. — v. t.
[Vamped (v5mt) ; Vamping.] To
provide (a shoe) with new up-
per leather ; to patch ; to repair.

— Vamp'er, n.
Vam'pire (vSm'pir), n. A demon fabled to suck the

blood of persons asleep ;
one who preys upon oth-
ers ; an extortioner ; a
tropical bat said to suck
human blood.

Van (van), n. The front
of an army or front line
of a fleet. E Q

Vail (van), n. A fan for
cleansing grain ; a win-
nowing machine. Head of Vampire.

Van (van), n. A large cov-
ered wagon, for transporting goods, etc.

Van'dal (vXn'dorl), n. One of the barbarians who
invaded Rome in the 5th century, destroying
monuments of art ; one hostile to art and lit-
erature ; one barbarously ignorant. — Van'dal,
Van-dal'iC ( -daTTk ), a. Pertaining to the
Vandals ; ferocious ; rude. — Van ' dal - Ism
(vSn'dttl-Yz'm), n. Conduct of Vandals ; will-
ful or ignorant hostility to arts and literature.

Vane (van), n. A weathercock, or rotating fixture
showing which way the wind blows or water
flows ; the thin web of a feather, on the side of
the ■haft ; a blade of a windmill, propeller, etc.

Van'guard' (van'gard'), n. The troops in front
of an army ; the first line.

Va-nil'la (va-nTlla), n. A tropical American
plant ; also, a volatile oil and a perfume, ex-
tracted from it.

Van'ish (van'ish), v. i. [Vanished (-Tsht) ; Van-
ishing.] To pass out of view ; to disappear.

Van'i-ty (vau'i-ty), n. State or quality of being
vain ; empty pride ; ostentation ; fruitless de-
sire or effort.

Van'quish ( v£n ' kwTsh ), v. t. [Vanquished
(-kwisht) ; "Vanquishing.] To subdue (an en-
emy), in battle ; to get the better of ; to confute.

Van'tage (van'taj), n. Superiority ; advantage.

Vap'id (vap'Td), a. Having lost life and spirit;
insipid ; flat ; dull. — Vap'id-ly, adv. — Vap'id-
ness, Va-pid'i-ty (va-pld'1-ty), n.

Va'por (va'per), n. [L.] Any substance in the
gaseous or aeriform state ; a fume ; a gas ; any-
thing unsubstantial, fleeting, or transitory. —
v. i. [Vapored (-1 erd) ; Vaporing.] To pass
off in fumes ; to steam ; to evaporate ; to
vaunt ; to brag. — Va'por-er, n. A boaster. —
Vap'O-ra-ble (va'p'o-ra-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing converted into vapor. — Vap'O-ra-bil'i-ty
(-bil'T-ty), n, — Vap'o-rif'ic (-ni'Ik), a. Form-
ing into vapor ; converting into steam. — Vap'-
O-rize (vSr/6-rTz or va'per-iz), v. t. To convert
into vapor by heat. — v. i. To pass off in vapor.

— Va'por-OUS (va'per-us), a. Full of vapors or
exhalations ; windy ; unreal ; vain. — Va'por-y
(-y), a. Vaporous ; splenetic ; peevish.

||Va-que'ro (va-ka'ro), n. One in charge of cat-
tle, horses, or mules; a herdsman.

Va'ri-a-ble (va'ri -a-b'l), a. Apt to vary or
change ; mutable ; fickle ; unsteady ; inconstant.

— Va'ri-a-bly, adv. — Va'ri-a-ble-ness, Va'ri-
a-bil'i-ty (-bTl'i-ty), n. — Va'ri-ance (-cms), w.
A being variant ; change of condition ; disa-
greement ; dissension ; discord. — Va'ri-ant
(-ant), a. Varying; different; diverse. — n.
A thing really the same, though differing in
form ; a different version. — Va'ri-ate (-at), v. t.
To make different ; to vary. — VaTi-a'tlon (-a'-
shun), n. A varying ; a partial change in the
form, position, or qualities of the same thing;
amount or rate of change ; embellishment and
fanciful change of a tune or melody ; vicissitude ;
variety ; imitation ; diversity.

Var'i-cose' (vSr'T-kdV), a. Preternaturally en-
larged or dilated ; — said of veins.

Va'ri-e-gate (va'n-e-gat), v. t. To diversify in
appearance ; to streak ; to checker ; to dapple.

— Va'ri-e-ga'tion (-ga'shun), n. A variega-
ting or diversifying ; diversity of colors.

Va-ri'e-ty (va-ri'e-ty), n. The quality of being
various ; change ; diversity ; a number or col-
lection of different things ; difference ; kind.

Va'ri-O-loid (va'rl-o-loid or var'T-), a. Resem-
bling smallpox. — n. The smallpox as modified
by previous inoculation or vaccination. — Va-ri'-
O-IOUS (va-rl'6-lus), a. Pertaining to the small-
pox.

Va'ri-OUS (va'rT-Gs), a. Different \ diverse ; sev-
eral ; uncertain; variegated; diversified.

Var'let (var'lgt), n. A servant ; a low fellow.

Var'nlsh (var'nYsh), n. A resinous liquid, laid
on work to give it a gloss ; outside show. — r. t.
[Varnished (-nlaht) ; Varnishing.] To lay
Tarnish on ; to give a fair external appearance.

Va'ry (va'ry), v. t. & i. [Varied (-rTd) ; Vary-
ing.] To change in aspect ; to alter in form,
appearance, substance, etc. ; to disagree.

a, 6, 1, 5, 0, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senate, Svent, idea, Obey, tlnite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

VASCULAR

473

VENERATE

Vas'CU-lar (vaVkfi-ler), a. Consisting of vessels,
or containing them. — Vas'CU-lar'i-ty (-lar'i-
ty), n.

Vase (vas or vaz), n. An ornamental urn.

Vas'e-line (vas'e-lTn or -len), n. A yellowish
translucent substance, with little odor or taste,
obtained from petroleum, and used as an un-
guent and in the arts.

Vas'sal (vas'sal), n. One who holds land of a
superior ; a dependent ; a servant ; a slave. —
Vas'sal-age (-aj), n. State of being a vassal;
dependence; slavery.

Vast (vast), a. Of great extent ; very spacious ;
huge ; immense ; mighty. — ??. Boundless
space. — Vast'ly, adv. — Vast'ness, n. —
Vast'y (-y), a. Very spacious ; vast.

Vas-ta'tion (vas-ta'shun), n. A laying waste ;
devastation.

Vat (vat), n. A large vessel or cistern.

Vat'1-can (vaVI-kan), n. The pope's palace at
Rome ; the papal power or government. —
Vat'1-can-lsm (-Iz'in), n. The tenets of the
Pope and his followers ; ultramontanism.

Vat'i-Cide (vat'I-sid), n. The murder, also a
murderer, of a prophet.

Va-tic'i-nal (va-tls'i-nal), a. Pertaining to, or
containing, prophecy. — Va-tic'i-nate ( -nat ),
V. I. & i. To prophesy ; to foretell. — Va-tic'l-
na'tor (-na'ter), n. A prophet. — Va-tic'i-na'-
tlon (-na'shun), n. Prediction ; prophecy.

llVaude'Ville (vod'vil), n. A lively kind of song ;
a theatrical piece, containing satirical songs.

Vault (valt), rc. A continued arch, or an arched

Vault.

roof or ceiling ; a cell ; a cellar ; a leap or
bound. — v. t. To form or to cover with a
vault ; to arch ; to leap on. — v. i. To leap ;
to bound ; to spring. — a. Arched ; concave ;
covered with an arch or vault.

Vaunt (vant or vant), v. i. & t. To boast; to
brag. — n. A vain display ; boast.

Veal'(vel), n. The flesh of a calf killed for the
table.

Ve-dette' (ve-deV), n. A sentinel, usually on
horseback ; a vidette.

Veer (ver), v. i. & t. [Veered (verd) ; Veebing.]
To change direct inn ; to turn.

Veg'e-ta-ble (vgj'e-ta-b'l), n. A plant; an edi-
ble plant ; an organic body without sense and
voluntary motion. — O. Belonging to, com; ris-
ing, or of the nature of, plants. — Veg'e-ta'rl-an
(-ta'rT-an), n. One who holds that vegetables
are the only proper food for man. — '/. Per-

taining to vegetarianism. — Veg'6-ta'rl-an-lsia
(-Tz'm), n. A living solely on vegetables. —
Veg'e-tate (-tat), v. i. To grow, aa plants ; to
germinate ; to lead a life too low for rational
creatures ; to do nothing but eat and grow. —
Veg'e-ta'tion (-ta/sliiin), n. A vegetating ; vege-
table growth ; plants in general. — Veg'e-ta'-
tlve (-ta-tiv), a. Growing like plants ; produ-
cing growth.

Ve'he-ment (ve'he-ment), a. Acting with great
force ; mighty ; eager ; urgent ; violent ; ar-
dent ; hot. — Ve'he-ment-ly, adv. — Ve'he-
mence (-mens), Ve'he-men-cy (-men-sy), n.
Impetuosity ; violence.

Ve'hi-Cle (ve'iu-k'l), n. A carriage of any kind ;
a conveyance. — Ve-Mc/U-lar (ve-hik'u-ler),
Ve-Mc'U-la-ry (-la-ry), a. Pertaining to, or
serving as, a vehicle.

Veil (val), n. A screen, usually of thin material,
to protect the face ; a cover ; a disguise ; a
blind. — v. t. [Veiled (vald) ; Veiling.] lo
cover with a veil ; to hide ; to conceal.

Vein (van), n. A vessel which receives blood
from the capillaries, and returns it to the
heart ; a blood vessel ; a small rib of a leaf ; a
mineral seam or layer ; a streak of different
color in wood, stone, etc. ; a train of thought ;
a tendency or turn of mind ; humor ; strain ;
quality. — v. t. To form or mark with veins. —
Veined (vand), Veln'y (vau'y), a. Full of
veins ; variegated.

!l Veldt (felt or velt), n. Open country, esp. grass
land, in South Africa.

Velli-cate (vglMT-kat), v. t. & i. To move spas-
modically ; to twitch. — VeMl-ca'tion (-kar-
shun), n. A twitching.

Vel'lum (vel'luin), n. A fine kind of parchment.

Ve-loc'i-pede (\e-15s'T-ped), n. A light road car
riage propelled by the
rider.

Ve-loc'i-ty (ve-losT-ty),
n. Quickness of mo-
tion ; swiftness;
speed ; rapidity.

Vel' vet (vSl'vSt), n. A
soft fabric of silk, or
silk and cotton mixed,
with a thick nap. —

Vel'vet-een' (-en'), n.

A cotton cloth in imitation of velvet; cotton

velvet. — Vel'vet-y (-y), a. Like velvet ; soft.
Ve'nal (vS'nol), a. Pertaining to veins; venous.
Ve'nal (ve'iud), a. To be bought; mercenary;

hireling.— Ve-naPi-ty (ve-n51'T-tyV ,;.

Ven'a-ry (ven'a-ry), a. Relating to hunting.

Vend (vend), v. t. To sell. — Vendee' (-e'), n.
One to whom a thing is sold. — Vend'er. Vend'-
or (-or), 71. A seller. — Vend'i-ble (-Y-bM), o.
Salable. Vend'1-bly. adv. — Vend'i-ble-ness,
Vend'i-bil'i-ty (-Y-blPY-ty), n. — Ven-di'tion
(-dlahtin), n. A vending ; sale. — Ven-due'
(\eu-ilii'), n. A public sale to the highest bid-
der ; an auction.

Ve-neer' (vt-nei'), n. A thin layer of wood,
ivory, etc., for overlaying an inferior material.
— v. I. i -nerd') ; Veneering.] To

overlay or plate with veneer. — Ve-neer'ing, ».
Application Of veneer; superficial polisli

Ven'er-a-ble (veVeY-4-bl), a. Capable or wor-
thy of veneration or reverence. — Ven'er-a-bld-
ness. ». — Ven'er ably, adv. — Ven'er-ate(-at),

Velocipede.

fgrn, recent, orb, r^ide, full, urn, fo"od, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

VENERATION

474

VERMILION

v. t. To regard with respect and reverence ; to
adore. — Ven'er-a'tlon (vgn'ei-a'shuu), n. A
venerating ; respect mingled with awe ; rever-
ence ; dread. — Ven'er-a'tor (-a^ter), n.

V^ne-sec'tion (ve'ue-sek'&hun), n. An opening
a vein to let blood.

Venge'ance (vgnj'ans), ». Punishment in return
for an injury or offense ; retribution; revenge.

— Vengeful (-ful), a. Vindictive ; retribu-
tive. — Venge'ful-ly, adv.

Ve'ni-al (ve'nT-al), a. Excusable ; pardonable.

— Ve'ni-al-ness, Ve'ni-al'i-ty (-Sll-ty), n.
Ven'i-SOBL (vgn'i-z'n or vgu'z'n), n. The flesh of

deer, hares, etc.
Ven'om (ven'um), n. Poison ; spite ; malice. —
Ven'om-OUS (-us), a. Full of venom ; poison-
ous; malignant; spiteful. — Ven'om-OUS-ly,

adv. — Ven'om-ous-ness, n.

Venous (ve'nus), a. Pertaining to, or contained
in, veins.

Vent (vgnt), n. A small aperture ; a passage for
air or a fluid to escape ; utterance ; escape. —
v. t. To let out ; to emit ; to utter.

Ven'tl-dUCt (vgn'tT-diikt), n. A passage or pipe
for ventilating apartments.

Ven'ti-late (ven'tl-lat), v. t. To fan with wind ;
to air ; to fan ; to expose to examination and
discussion. — Ven'ti-la'tlon (-la'shiin), n. A
ventilating ; free exposure to air. — Ven'tl-la'-
tor (-la'ter), n. A contrivance for expelling
foul air, introducing that which is fresh and
pure.

Ven'tral (vgn'tral), a. Belonging to the belly.

Ven'tri-Cle (vgn'trT-k'l), n. A cavity of the an-
imal body, as of the brain, or larynx ; esp., one
of the two cavities of the heart which commu-
nicate with the auricles.

Ven-trH'O-qulsm ( ven-trTl'6-kwiz'm ), n. A
speaking so that the voice appears to come from
some distant place. — Ven-trll'0-<lTlist(-kwT6t),
n. One who practices ventriloquism. — Ven-
tril'O-tluize (-kwiz),. v. i. [Ventriloquized
(-kwizd) ; Ventriloquizing.] To practice ven-
triloquism. — Ven-tril'O-qtlOUS (-kwus), a. Per-
taining to ventriloquism.

Ven'ture (vgn'tur), n. An undertaking of chance
or danger ; a contingency ; luck ; a risk. — v. i.
[Ventured (-turd) ; Venturing.] To have
courage to do or say something ; to dare ; to
run a hazard or risk. — v. I. To expose to haz-
ard ; to risk. — Ven'tur-er, n. — Ven'ture-
SOme (-sum), a. Inclined to venture; bold;
daring ; intrepid. — Ven'ture-SOme-ly, adv. —
Ven'tUT-OUS ( -us ), a. Venturesome. — Ven'-
tur-ous-ly, adv.

Ven'ue (vgn'u), n. A neighborhood or near
place ; the place where an action is laid.

Ve'nus (ve'nus), n. The goddess of female beauty
and of love ; a planet, the second from the sun.

Ve-ra'cioUS (ve-ra'shfis), a. Observant of truth ;

truthful. — Ve-rac'i-ty (-rSs'T-ty), n.
Ve-ran'da (ve-r5n'da), n. An open portico or

outer gallery.
Verb (verb), n. A word which affirms something

of some person or thing. — Ver'bal (ver'bal), o.

Pertaining to, or expressed in, words ; spoken ;

oral ; not written ; literal. — VerTial-ly, adv. —

Ver'bal-ism (-Tz'm), n. Something exprcned

verbally. — Ver'bal-iSt, n. A critic of words. —
llVer-ba'tlm (-ba'tlin), adv. Word for word;
in the same words.

Ver-be'na (ver-be'na), n. A fragrant, flowering
plant ; vervain.

Ver'ber-a'tion (ver'ber-a'shun), n. A beating;
an impulse causing sound.

Ver'bi-age (ver'bT-aj), n. Wordiness ; supera-
bundance of words ; verbosity. — Ver-bose'
(ver-boV), a. Abounding in words ; teaious by
a multiplicity of words ; prolix ; wordy. — Ver-
bOS'i-ty (-bos'i-ty), n. Quality of being ver-
bose; prolixity.

Ver'dant (ver'dant), a. Covered with growing
plants ; green ; fresh. — Ver'dant-ly, adv. —
Ver'dan-cy (-dan-sj), n. Quality or condition
of being verdant ; greenness ; inexperience.

HVerd'an-tique' (verd'Sn-tek'), n. [F.] A green
incrustation on brass or copper ; a mottled green
marble.

Ver'dict (ver'dikt), n. The decision of a jury in
a case submitted to them ; a judgment ; opinion
pronounced.

Ver'di-gris (ver'dT-gres), n. The rust of copper,
much used as a green pigment.

Ver'di-ter (ver'dT-ter), n. A blue-green pigment
made by decomposition of nitrate of copper by
chalk.

Ver'dure (ver'dur), n. Green ; freshness of veg-
etation. — Ver'dur-OUS (-us), a. Covered with
verdure.

Verge (verj), n. A rod carried as an emblem of
authority; the shaft of a column. — Ver'ger
(\er'jer), n. One who carries a verge or em-
blem of office ; a beadle of a cathedral church.

Verge (verj), n. The extreme end of anything;
the border ; rim ; margin ; brink. — v. i.
[Verged (verjd) ; Verging.] To tend down-
ward ; to bend ; to border upon ; to approach.

Ver'i-fy (vgr'i-fi), v. t. [Verify (-fid) , Veri-
fying.] To prove to be true or correct ; to
confirm; to authenticate. — Ver'i-fl/ able (-fi'-
a-b'l), a. Capable of being verified. — Ver'i-fi-
ca'tion (-iT-ka'shiin), n. A verifying ; confir-
mation ; authentication. — Ver'i-fi/ er, n.

Ver'i-ly (vgrT-ly), adv. In truth; in fact;
really ; truly.

Ver'i-sim'i-lar (vgr/T-simT-ler), a. Having the
appearance of truth ; likely. — Ver'1-Si-mil'i-
tude (-sT-inilT-tud), n. Appearance of truth ;
probability ; likelihood.

Ver'i-ta-ble (vgr'T-ta-b'l), a. Agreeable to truth
or to fact ; actual ; real. — Ver'i-ta-bly, adv.

Ver'i-ty (vgr'T-t£), n. ; pi. Verities (-tTz). Truth ;
certainty ; reality ; a true assertion or tenet.

Ver'juice' (ver'jus'), n. The sour juice of crab
apples, unripe grapes, etc. ; vinegar made from
such juice ; acidity.

HVer'mes (ver'mez), n. pi. [L.] Worms. — Ver'-
mi-cel/li (ver'me-chgl'lT or -sgl'll), n. [It.]
A wheat paste, made into a slender, wormlike
form. — Ver-mic'U-lar (-mTk'u-ler), a. Per-
taining to, shaped like, or moving like, a worm ;
peristaltic. — Ver-mic'u-late (-lat), V. t. To
inlay in patterns resembling the tracks of
worms. — Ver-miC/U-la'tion (-la'shun), n. Mo-
tion like that of worms. — Ver-mic'u-lose'

(-los'), Ver-miC'U-lOUS (-lus), a. Containing or
resembling worms. — Ver 'ml- form (\cr'mT-
fdrm). a. Of the form of a worm. — Ver'mi-
fuge (-fnj)i n. A medicine that expels worms
from animal bodies.
Ver-mil'ion (ver-mTl'yiin), n. A bright red color
or pigment ; cochineal.

a, 6, 1, o, u, long , a, 6, 1, 6, Q., y, short ; Benite, 6vent, Idea, dbey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,

VERMIN

475

VEXATIOUS

Ver'min (ver'mTn), n. sing. & pi. All kinds of
noxious or mischievous animals, as rats, mice,
worms, grubs, Hies, etc. — Ver'mi-nate (-mi-
nat), v. i. To breed vermin. — Ver'min-OUS
(-miu-us), a. Tending to breed vermin; in-
fested by vermin.

Ver-mip'a-rous (ver-inip'a-rus), a. Producing
worms. — Ver-miv'O-rous (-iniv'6-rus), a.
Feeding on worms.

Ver-nac'U-lai (ver-ua~k'u-ler), a. Belonging to
the country of one's birth ; native. — ft. The
vernacular language ; one's mother tougue.

Vernal (ver'nc/1), a. Belouging to spriug, or to
youth, the springtime of life.

Ver'sa-tile (veVsa-tll), a. Turning readily from
one thing to another ; changeable ; fickle. —
Ver'sa-tile-ness, Ver sa-til'i:ty (-tll'T-ty), n.

Vers9 (.vers), ft. A single liue of poetry ; metrical
language ; a short division of any composition,
esp. of the chapters in the Bible.

Versed (verst), a. Acquainted or familiar ;
skilled ; practiced.

Ver'si-cle (veVsi-k'l), n. A little verse.

Ver"si-fy (ver'sT-fi), v. i. [Versified (-tid) ; Ver-
sifying.] To mike verses. — v. t. To relate iu
verse. — Ver Sl-fi-ca'tion (-fT-ka'shun), n, A
versifying ; metrical compositiou. — Ver7 Si-fi/er
(-rl ev), ft.

Ver'siOtt (ver'shun), n. A translating, or trans-
lation; that which is rendered from another
language.

Verst ( verst), n. A Russian measure of length
c mtaining 3.500 English feet.

iVer'sus (vet'sfis), prep. [L.] Against.

Vert (.vertl, n. Everything ttnt bears a green
leaf within the forest ; in heral Iry, a green
color, represented by parallel liues sloping
downward toward the right.

HVer'te-bra (veVte-bra), n. ; pi. Vertebra (-bre).
[L.] A joint of the backbone or spine. — Ver'-
te-bral (-bral), a. Pertaining to the vertebra ;
having a backbone. — Ver'te-brate (-brat), n.
An animal having an internal jointed skeleton.

— Ver'te-brate, Yer'te-bra ted (-bratel). a
Having a backbone or vertebral column, con-
taining the spinal marrow.

Ver'tex (ver'teks), ft. ; pi. E. Vertexes (-gz). L.
Vertices (-tT-sez). Principal or iiighest point ;
top; summit; crown; the zenith, or point of
the heavens directly over-
head ; the point in any mathe-
matical figure opposite to the
base. - Ver 'ti-cal (-tT-kd),
a. Situated at tlie vertex or
•hit ; directly over-
i d , or perpendicularly
above on-* ; upright ; plumb.

— Ver'ti-cal ly. *** — Ver'-

U-cal-ne5;
Ver-tic'il-i-. Mat),

Ver-tic'ii-la ted

in transverse
of a wheel.
Ver'ti-go rSita-go" . 1
ti'_ B. Vertigoes

(-coz), L. Vertigines (-tlj'T-
nez). Dizziness or swimming
of the bead ; gMitineen —
Ver-tig'i-notts(-tTja-nu^). n.
Turnine round ; whirling ; affected with ver
usay. — Ver-tig'i-nous-ly

Ver'valn (ver'vau), n. A plant of the verbena
kind.

Ver'y < ver'.v), a. True ; real ; actual. — adv. In
.: degree; exceedingly ; mini— imlj.

Ves'i-cant (veVT-kont), ft. A blistering applica-
tiou. — Ves'i-cate (-kit), v. t. To b.i&ter. —
Ves 1-ca'tion (-tca'ahOn), ft. A raising blisters
on the skin. — Ves'i-ca-tG-ry (veVI-ka-to-ry ). n.
A blistering application or piaster. — a. Having
power to blister.

Ves'i-Cle (vgs'I-k'l), n. A little air bladder ; a
cyst; a cell. — Ve-Sic'U-lar (ve-slk'u-ler), Vd-
Sic'U-late (-lat), a. Bladdery ; lull of blad-
ders ; hollow.

Ves'per (yes' per), n. The evening star ; Hesper ;
Venus; the evening. — Ves'pers (-perz), n. pi.
The evening service, in the Roman Catholic
Church.

Ves'sel i vgs'sgl), ft. A utensil for holding any-
thing ; a hollow dish, cask, or tuoe ; a ship,
boat, or other structure made to float upon the
water, for commerce, war. pleasure, etc. ; a
tube or canal iu which the blood and other flu-
ids are contained or circulated.

Vest (vest), ft. A garment ; a waistcoat ; dress ;
robe. — v. t. To clothe ; to put in possession ;
to furuish ; to endow. — r. i. To come or de-
scend ; to take effect, as a title or right.

Ves'tal (vgs'tal), a. Pertaining to Vesta, the
virgin goddess of fire amoug the Romans ;
pure ; chaste. — n. A virgin consecrated to
Vesta.

Vest'ed (vfel/Sd), a. Not contingent ; fixed.

Ves'ti-bUle (vgs'tT-biin, n. A porch or entrance ;
an antechamber ; a lobby ; a hall.

Ves'tlge (vgs'tlj), n. A track or footstep; a
trace ; a sign ; a faint mark of something which
is lost or has perished.

Vest'ment (vest'inent), n. A covering or gar-
ment ; a dress ; a rolje.

Ves'try (ves'try). n. A room for sacerdotal vest-
ments an! for sacred utensils in a church; a
conmittee who manage parochial affairs. —
Ves'try-man (-man), ft. A member of a vestry.

Ves'ture (vSs'tur). u. A garment; dress.

Vetch l'-e h). ft. A l^cuminous plant. — Vetch/y
t,veVn'y), a. Consisting of, or abounding with,
:.es.

Vet'er-an (vet'er-rn'), a. Long exercised in any-
thing, esp. in military life. — n. One long ex-
ercised in any service or art. esp. in w.ir.

Vet'er-1-na-ry \\ct'ev-T-na-ry\ a. Pertaining to
treatment of diseases of domestic animals. —
Vet er-i-na'ri-an (-na'rT-Tn\ n. One skilled in
trie or domestic animals.
.; pi. Vetoes (-tozV [L., I for-
bid.] An authoritative prohibition , the power
of the executive branch of a lecislat ive body, as
a kintr, president, governor, etc, to negative a
the other branches of the
lea, the exercise of this power. —
[Vetof.p (-tSd) ; Vetoing.] To withhold

and thus prevent its enact-
ment.

Vex (vgks), r. t. [Vexed (i M.] To

anger by little prorocattoaa; to irr •

to disturb ; to disquiet. — Vex'er. n. —
Vex-a'tlon (-a'shun), n. A vexing; trouble;
; chagrin; niort.
. — Vex-a'tious
vexation ; provoking , irritating ; annoying.

fgrn, recent, orb, mde» '*lU> ^^t food, fo*bt, out, oil, chair, go, sing;, ink, tben, tliin.

VIA

476

VILENESS

Viaduct.

Vi'a (vi'a), adv. [L., ablative of via, way.] By

the way of ; as, via Boston.
Vi'a-ble (vf'a-b'l), a. Capable of living, as a child

born prematurely. — Vi/a-bil'i-ty (-bil'i-ty), n.
Vi'a-duct (vi'a-dukt), n. A structure for carry-
ing a railroad,

canal, etc., across

a valley or river.
Vi'al (vi'al), n. A

small bottle ; a

phial. — v. t.

[Vialed (-aid) or

VlALLED ; VlAL-
TNGOrVlALLING.]

To put into a vial
or vials.
Vi'and (vi'and), n. An article of food ; victuals ;

— chiefly in plural.

Vi-at'ic (vt-St/ik), a. Pertaining to a journey or
to traveling. — Vi-at'i-cum (-T-kum), n. Pro-
visions for a journey ; in tbe Roman Catholic
Church, the communion given to persons in
their last moments.

Vibrate (vl'brat), v. i. & t. To move to and fro ;
to oscillate ; to sound ; to quiver. — Vi-bra'-
tion (vi-bra'shun), n. A vibrating ; quick mo-
tion to and fro ; oscillation. — Vi'bra-to-ry (vi'-
bra-to-ry), a. Vibrating ; causing to vibrate.

Vic'ar (vik'er), n. A representative or substitute
in office ; a clergyman who is incumbent of a ben-
efice. — ViCar-age (-aj), n. The benefice, or
the residence, of a vicar. — Vi-ca'ri-al (vi-ka/-
rl-al), a. Pertaining to a vicar. — Vi-ca'ri-ate
(-at), a. Having delegated power ; vicarious.

— n. Delegated office or power. — Vi-ca'ri-
OUS (-us), a. Pertaining to a vicar, substitute,
or deputy ; delegated ; acting for another ; sub-
stituted. — Vi-ca'ri-ous-ly, adv.

Vice (vis), n. A fault ; a blemish ; immoral con-
duct or habit ; crime ; wickedness.

Vice (vis), n. A vise.

Vice (vis). [L., in the place of, instead of.] A
prefix denoting one who acts in the place of
another, or who is second in position. — Vice
admiral. A naval officer next in rank to an
admiral. — Vice admiralty. Office of a vice
admiral. — Vice Chancellor. An officer next
in rank to a chancellor. — Vice president. An
officer next in rank below a president. — Vice
presidency. The office of a vice president.

Vice-ge'rent (vis-je'rent), n. An officer deputed
to exercise the powers of another ; a lieutenant ;
a vicar. — a. Having delegated power. — Vice-
ge'ren-cy (-mi-sy), n.

Vice'roy (vis'roi), n. A governor of a kingdom
or country who rules as the king's substitute. —
Vice-roy'al-ty ( vls-roi'al-ty" ), Vice'roy-ship
(vis/roi-shTp), n. Dignity, office, or jurisdic-
tion of a viceroy. — Vice'-re'gal (vis're'gal),a.
Pertaining to a viceroy or vicerovaltv.

Vic'i-nage (vTs'T-iiaj), Vi-cin'i-ty (vT-sTn'T-ty), n.
Nearness; the region adjoining or near ; neigh-
borhood: proximity. —ViCi-nal ( vTs'I-nal),
Vic'ine (-Tn), a. Near ; neighboring.

Vi'cioUS (vTsh'iis), a. Characterized by, Or ad-
dicted to, vice; corrupt; bad; refractory. —
Vi'cious-ly, adv. — Vi'cious-ness, v.

Vi-cis'si-tude (vY-sTs'sT-tud), n. Regular change
from one thing to another ; alternation ; muta-
tion.

VlC'tim (vYk'tYm), n. A living being sacrificed ;

one destroyed by, or suffering, grievous injury ;
a dupe ; a gull. — Vic'tim-ize (-iz), v. t. [Vic-
timized (-izd) ; Victimizing.] To make a vic-
tim of.
Vic'tor (vYk'ter), n. One who conquers in war or
defeats an enemy ; a winner ; a gainer. — a.
Gaining victory ; victorious. — Vic'to-iy (-to-
ry), n. The defeat of an enemy or antagonist ;
conquest ; triumph. — ViC-toTi-OUS (-to'ri-us),
a. Pertaining to victory or a victor ; trium-
phant ; successful. — ViC-tO'ri-OUS-ly, adv. —

Vic-to'ri-ous-ness, n.

Vic-to'ri-a ( vik-to'r Y-a ), n. A large flowering
aquatic plant ; a low
four-wheeled .carriage,
with a calash top.

ViCt'ual (vit''l),«. Pro-
vision of food ; food
prepared for eating ;
sustenance ;— usually
in pl. — v. t. [Vict-
ualed (-'Id) or Vict- Victoria.
dalled ; Victualing

or Victualling.] To supply with provisions
or food. — Vict'ual-er (vYt"i-er), Vict'ual-ler,
n. One who furnishes victuals or keeps a house
of entertainment.

llVi-CU'na (ve-koon'ya), ||Vi-CU'gna, n. A South
American animal,
resembling t h o
llama, but small-
er.

HVi'de (vl'de), v.
imperat. [L. , im-
perat. of videre,
to see.] See ; —
used to direct the
attention to some-
thing. — ||Vi-del'-
i-cet (vI-dgi'T-
sgt ), adv. [L.,
contr. from vi-
dere licet, one
may or can see.]
viz.

Vie (vl), v. i. [Vied (vid) ; Vying (vi'ing).] To
strive for superiority ; to contend.

View (vu), n. A seeing or beholding ; survey ;
examination ; scene ; display ; object ; aim ; pur-
pose ; design. — r. t. [Viewed (viid) ; View-
ing.] To look at attentively ; to inspect; to
examine ; to consider. — View'er (vu'er), n.

Vi-ges'1-mal (vt-jeVX mrcl), n. Twentieth; di-
vided into, or consisting of, twenty parts.

Vig'il (vTj'Tl), n. Watch ; sleeplessness ; a wak-
ing for religious exercises ; a religious service on
the evening preceding a holiday. — Vig'i-lant
(-T-bmt), a. Attentive to discover and avoid
danger; watchful : circumspect. —Vig'i-lant- ly,
a(lr. _ vig'i-lance (-lane), n. Watchfnlnwwi,

||Vi-gnette' mn-yW or vln'ygt), n. A running
ornament in architecture or in ancient manu-
scripts; in modern hooks, a wood cut, engrav-
ing, etc., not inclosed within a border ; a small
photographic likeness.

Vig'or (vig'er), 7i. Active strength of body;
force of mind ; energy ; efficacy. — Vig'or-OUS
(-lis), a. Possessing vifor; powerful; strong.

— Vig'or-ous-ly, adv. — Vig'or-ous-ness, n.
Vile (vil), a. Low; deepioable; baee or impure ;

mean ; bad. — Vile'ly, adv. — Vile'ness, n.

Vicuna.
To wit ; namely ; — abbr. to

&,«,!, 5, G, long; a, 6, 1, 6, tt, y, short ; senate, ©vent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, finaL

VILIFY

477

VIRTU

Villous Membrane.

Vil'i-fy (vil'T-fl), v. t. [Vilified ( -fid ) ; Vili-
fying.] To shiuder ; to defame; to revile; to
traduce. — ViM-fi-ca'tion (-ll-ka'shiin), n. A
vilifying. — Vil'l-ti'er, n.

Villa (vil'la), n. ; pi. Villas (-laz). A country
seat ; a country residence.

Vil'lage (vil'laj), n. A small inhabited place; a
hamlet. — Vil'la-ger (-la-jer), n. An inhabit-
ant of a village.

Vil'lain (vil'liu), n. A feudal tenant of the low-
est class ; a bondman ; a vile, wicked person ; a
scoundrel ; a knave. — Vil'lain-ous ( -us ), a.
Wicked ; base ; vile ; infamous. — Vil'lain-OUS-
ly, adv. — VlTlain-ous-ness, n. — Vil'lain-y
(-y), n. Extreme depravity ; atrocious wicked-
ness ; a deed of deep depravity. — Vil'lan-age
(-lan-aj), n. State of a villain; feudal serv
tude. [Usually written
v Menage.]

llVil'll (vll'li), n. pi.
Minute elevations on
animal membranes ; fine
hairs on plants. — Vil-
lose' (vil-los'), Villous
(vil'lus), a. Covered
with fine hairs, or woolly substance ; nappy ;
downy.

Vlm'i-nal (vimT-nal), Vl-min'e-OUS (vT-mTn'e-
us), a. Pertaining to, or producing, twigs.

Vi-na'ceous (vl-ua'shus), a. Belonging to wine
or grapes.

Vin/ai-grette/ (vTn'a-greV), n. [F., fr. vinaigre
vinegar.] A smelling bottle for aromatic vine-
gar, smelling salts, etc.

Vln'ci-Me (vTn'sT-b'l), a. Capable of being over-
come or subdued ; conquerable. — Vin'ci-ble-
ness, Vin'ci-bil'i-ty (-bli'T-ty), n.

llVln'CU-lnm (vin/kuduni), n. ; pi. L. Vincula
(-hi), E. Vinculums (-lflmz). A bond of union ;
in algebra, etc., a mark connecting the several
members of a compound quantity over which it
is placed.

Vin-de'mi-al (vTn-de'mT-ol), a. Pertaining to a
vintage.

Vln'di-cate (vln'dl-kat), v. /. To defend with
success ; to prove to be just or valid ; to main-
tain (a law, or a cause) by overthrowing enemies ;
to justify. — Vin'di-ca'tor, n. — Vin'di-ca-ble
(-ka-b'l), fir. Capable of being vindicated. —
Vln'dl-ca'tlon (-ka'shun), n. A vindicating ;
defense. — Vln'di-ca-tive (vTn'dl-kS-tlv), Vin'-
di-ca-to-ry (-to-r$>), a. Tending to vindicate ;
justificatory ; avenging ; punitory.

VLll-dic'tive (vln-dTk'tiv), a. Given to revenge ;
revengeful. — Vin-diC'tive-ly, adv. — Vin-dic'-

tive-ness, n.

Vine (vin), n. A climbing plant that produces
grapes; a trailing plant; a creeper. — Vine'-
dress er, n. One who cultivates vines. — Vine
fretter. An insert that injures vines ; an aphis.

Vln'e-gai (vln'e-ger), n. An acid liquor obtained
by fermentation of wine, cider, beer, etc. ; any-
thing sour.

Vln'er-y (vin'er-^), n. A structure for rearing
vines.

Vlne'yard (vln'yerd), n. A plantation of grape-
vines.

Vi'nOUS (vi'imsl. a. Pertaining to, or like, wine.

Vlnt'age (vTnt'aj), n. The produce of the vine ;
the time of gathering grapes. — Vint'a-ger (-a-
jer), n. One who gathers the vintage.

Vlnt'ner (vTnt'ner), n. A dealer in wine.

Vln'y (viu'y), a. Belouging to, or abounding in,
vines.

Vl'ol (vl'ul), n. A musical instrument of the vi-
olin kind. — Vi'o-la (-o-la), n. An instrument
resembling the violin, but larger, and a tilth
lower in compass.

Vi'o-la-ble (vi'o-la-b'l), a. Capable of being vio-
lated.

Vi O-la'ceous (vi'6-la'shus), a. Resembling vio-
lets in color.

Vl'O-late (vi'6-lat), v. t. To treat in a violent
maimer ; to abuse ; to transgress ; to profane ;
to ravish ; to debauch. — Vi'O-la'tor (-la'ter), it.

— Vl'O-la-tive (-la-tlv), a. Violating, or teud-
iug to violate. — Vi'O-la'tlon (vi'6-la'shuu), 7t.
A violating ; interruption (of sleep, peace, etc.) ;
transgression; profanation; outrage; rape.

Vl'O-lent (vi'6-leut), a. Moving furiously ; ex-
cited by strong passion ; committing outrage ;
effected with force ; severe ;
extreme ; unnatural. — Vi'O-
lent-ly, adv. — Vi'o-lence
(-Urns), 7i. ,

Vi'O-let (vi'6-let), n. A plant
of many species, generally
low, and bearing fragrant
flowers of a bluish tint ; the
color of a violet, being oue of
the seven primary colors of
the spectrum. — a. Dark
blue, inclining to red.

Vi'O-lin' (vi'o-lln'), n. A mu-
sical instrument with four
strings, played with a bow ;
a fiddle. — Vi'O-lin'ist, n.
A player on the violin.

Vi/0l-ist (vi'ul-Tst), n. A play-
er on the viol ; a violinist. Violin

Vi'0-lon-cellO (ve'o-lSu-chel'-

16 or -sSl'16), n. A bass viol of four strings. —
Vi'O-lon-cel'Ust ( ve'*-15n-se"l'lTst), n.

Vi'per (vi'per), n. A very poieonous serpent ; a
malignant person. —
Vi'per-ine (-in), a.
Pertaining to vipers.

— Vi'per-ous (-us), a.
Like a viper ; malig-
nant ; venomous.

Vi-ra'gO (vt-ra'po), n. ;

pi. Viragoes ( -goz ).

A female warrior ; a

bold, turbulent

woman ; a termagant ; a vixen.
Vir'gin (ver'jTn), n. A female of unspotted pu-
rity; a maiden. — a. Chaste ; pure : maidenly ;

modest ; unde filed : fresh ; new. — Vlr-gln'i-ty

(\er-jTn'T-t$\ n. Maidenhood.
llVil'go (veVgo), n. [L., a virgin.] A

the zodiac which the sun enters about August

21 ; a constellation.
Vlr 1-des'cent (rfrT-deVeent), a. Slightly green ;

greenish. — Vir i-des'cence (-sens), ». — VI-

rid'i-ty (vT-rld'i-ty), Vlr'id-ness (vir'Td-nFs),

n. Gi lure.

Vl'rlle (vi'rTl or vTrTl), a. Pertaininp to a man

or to the mah sex; masculine. — Vi-ril'i-ty

(vt-rTl'T-t£ or \T-), v. Manhood.
Vil-tn' (vlr-to ' A love of the

fine arts; taste f or corioaK <f art or

anti(|uity. <'ollectivcly.

Viper.

fgrn, recent, drb, r^de, fuU, firo, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

VIRTUAL

478

VOCALITY

Vir'tU-al (ver'tu-al), a. Being in essence or ef-
fect, not in fact. — Vir'tu-al-ly, adv.

Vir'tue (ver'tu), n. Active quality or power ;
strength ; force ; excellence ; worth ; morality ;
uprightness ; female chastity ; virginity ; pu-
rity. — Vir'tU-OUS (ver'tu-Qs), a. Possessing or
exhibiting virtue ; righteous ; chaste ; pure.

Vll'tu-o'so (ver'tu-o'so), n. ; pi. E. Virtuosos
(-soz), It. Virtuosi (-se). One devoted to virtu,
or skilled in the fine arts, antiquities, etc.

Vil'U-lent (vYr'u-lent), a. Extremely poisonous
or venomous ; active in doing injury ; bitter in
enmity ; spiteful. — Vir'U-lent-ly , adv. — Vlr'-
u-lence (-lens), Vir'u-len-cy (-len-sy), n.

Vi'lTXS (vi'rus), n. [L., a shiny liquid poison.]
Contagious or poisonous matter, as of ulcers,
bite of snakes, etc. ; the spirit or drift of any-
thing injurious.

UViS (vis), n. [L.] Force ; power.

Vis'age (vYz'aj), n. The face, countenance, or
look of a person.

Vls'-a— vis' (ve'za-ve7), adv. [F., opposite, face
to face.] Face to face ; in a position facing one
another ; tgte-a-tgte. — n. One opposite, or face
to face with, another ; a seat or carriage in which
two persons face one another.

||ViS'ce-ra (vYs'oe-ra), n. [L.] The contents of
the cavities of the body, esp. of the abdomen ;
bowels. — Vis'cer-al (vYs'ser-al), a. Pertaining
to the viscera. — Vis'cer-ate (-at), v. t. To de-
prive of the viscera ; to disembowel.

Vis'cid (vYs'sYd), a. Sticking; glutinous; adhe-
sive ; tenacious. — Vis-cld'i-ty (vYs-sYd'Y-t^), n.
Tenacity ; stickiness ; glutinous concretion.

VlS-COS'i-ty (vYs-kos'Y-ty), n. Quality of being
viscous ; viscidity.

Vis'count' (vi'kounf), n. A nobleman next in
rank below an earl. — Vls'COUnt'ess (-e"s), n.
The lady of a viscount. — Vls'COUnt'y (-y), n.
The quality of a viscount.

Vls'COUS (vYs'kus), a. Adhesive
or sticky, and having a ropy or
glutinous consistency ; clammy ;
sticky.

Vise (vis), n. A jawed instrument
closing by a screw, for holding *^
smith's work, etc. — v. I. To
grip or squeeze with a vise.

Vis'1-ble (vYz'Y-b'l), a. Perceiva-
ble by the eye ; to be seen ; per-
ceptible ; apparent ; conspicuous.
— Vis'i-ble-ness, Vis'i-bil'1-ty (-Mlf-ty), n.

Vi'sion (vYzh'un), n. A seeing external objects ;
eight ; an object of sight ; an apparition ; a
phantom ; a creation of fancy. — Vi'sion-a-ry Ga-
ry), a. Affected by phantoms ; given to reverie ;
existing in imagination only ; fanciful ; fantas-
tic ; unreal. — n. One whose imagination is dis-
turbed, or who forms impracticable schemes.

Vis'it (vTz'Tt), v. t. To go or come to see; to
attend ; to examine. — v. i. To interchange
civilities. — n. A visiting, or going to see a per-
son or thing ; a brief stay ; Inspection ; exam-
ination. — Vis'it-ant (-<mt), Vis'it-or (-er), n. —
Vis'it-a'tion (-a'.shiin), n. A visiting ; a com-
munication of favor or of wrath and judgment;
retribution. — Vis'it-o'ri-al ( -o'rY-ul ), O. Be-
longing to a judicial visitor OT superintendent.

Vis'or (vYz'er), n. Front piece of a helms! ; a
ina.sk ; the fore piece of a cap, projecting over
the eyes.

Vise.

Vls'ta (vis'ta), n. A view ; esp., a distant view be-
tween intervening objects ; trees or other things
that form an avenue.

Vls'U-al (vizh'u-al), a. Belonging to, or used in,
sight.

Vi'tal (vl'tal), a. Belonging, relating, or neces-
sary, to life ; living ; very necessary ; highly
important ; immediate ; absolute. — \ i'tal-ly,
adv. — Vi'tals ( -talz ), n. pi. Parts of animal
bodies essentiul to liie, or to a sound state. —
Vi-tal'i-ty (vi-tal'i-ty ), n. State of being vital ;
the principle of life ; animation. — Vi'tal-lze
' (vl'tal-Iz), v. t. [Vitalized (-izd) ; Vitaliz-
ing.] To make vital or alive ; to give life to.

Vi'ti-ate (vish'i-at), V. t. To make vicious, faulty,
or imperfect ; to render defective ; to destroy ;
to defile ; to taint ; to contaminate. — Vi'ti-a'-
tlon (-a'shun), n. A vitiating, or state ol cor-
ruption ; invalidation.

Vlt're-OUS (vYt're-us), a. Pertaining to, derived
from, consisting of, or resembling, glass. — Vlt'-
re-ous-ness, n. — Vi-tres'cent (\Y-treVsent), a.
Capable of being formed into glass ; tending to
become glass. — Vil'ri-fy (vlt/rT-fl), v. t. & i.
To make or become like glass. — Vlt'ri-f ac'tion
(-iak'shun), n. A vitrifying, or converting into
glass by heat. — Vlt/ri-fac'ture (-tur), n. Man-
ufacture of glass and pottery.

Vit'ri-Ol (vYt'rY-ul), n. A soluble sulphate of any
metal; copperas. — Vit/ri-ol'ic (-ol'ik),a. Per-
taining to, like, or obtained from, vitriol. — Vit-
riolic acid. Sulphuric acid ; oil of vitriol.

Vi-tU'per-ate (vi-tu'per-at), v. t. To find fault
with ; to abuse ; to viliiy. — Vl-tu'per-a'tion
(-a'shiin) n. A vituperating ; censure ; blame.

— Vl-tU'per-a-tive (-tu'per-a-tYv), a. Abusive.
Vi-va'ci0US ( vi- va'shiis), n. Sprightly; ani-
mated ; sportive ; gay. — Vi-va'ci0US-ly, adv.

— Vi-va'cious-ness, Vi-vac'i-ty (-\as'Y-ty), n.
HVl'van'diere' (ve'vau'dyaV), »• [F.] A female

sutler.

Viv'id (vYv'Yd), a. True to the life ; animated ;
bright ; striking ; spirited. — ViVid-ly, adv. —
Viv'id-ness, n.

Vi-vif'ic (v i-vIi'Tk), Vi-Vif'ic-al (-Y-kol), a. Giv-
ing life ; enlivening. — Vl-vif'i-cate ( -Y-kat ),
v. t. To animate ; to revive ; to vivify. — ViVl-
fi-ca'tion (vYv'Y-lY-ka'shun), n. A vivifying. —
Viv'i-fy (vYv'Y-ii), v. t. [Vivified (-fid) ; Viv-
ifying.] To endue with life ; to quicken ; to
animate.

Vi-Vlp'a-rOUS (vt-vYp/a-rus), a. Producing young
in a living state.

VlV'l-sec'tlon (vYv/Y-fSk'shun), n. The dissec-
tion of living animals, for physiological investi-
gation.

Vix'en (vYks''n), n. A she fox ; an ill-tempered
woman ; a scold. — Vix'en-ish, Vix'en-ly, a.
Shrewish.

Viz'ier (vYz'yer or vY-zer'), n. A Turkish coun-
cilor of state ; a high executive officer.

Vo'ca-ble ( vo'ka-b'l ), n. A word ; a term ; a
name. — Vo-Cab'U-la-ry (v6-k;Wu-lu-i5 •), 11. An
alphabetical list of words, with definitions; the
■took of words in use.

Vo'cal (vo'krtl), a. Having a voice; uttered by
the voice ; pertaining to a vowel or voice sound ;
sonant. — Vo'cal-ly, adv. — Vo-cal'ic (vft-kaV-
Yk). a. Consisting of the voice, or vowel sounds.

— Vo'cal-ist (vo'k<7l-Yst), n. A singer, or vocal
musician. — Vo-cal'i-ty (,vtVka"l'Y-ty). n. Quality

S, e, 1, 5, 0, long ; ft, 6, 1, 5, tt, y, short ; seuftte, Svent, idea, ftbey, dnite, cAre, arm, iisk, all, final,

VOCALIZATION

479

VOWEL

of being vocal ; resonance. — Vo'cal-i-za'tion
(vo'kal-T-za'shun), n. Act of vocalizing ; utter-
ance of vocal sounds. — Vo'cal-ize (vo'kr/1-Iz).
v. t. [Vocalized (-izd) ; Vocalizing.] To form
into voice ; to in ike sonant.

VO-ca'tion ( vo-ka'shiin ), n. A calling ; a sum-
mons; employniiut; trade; profession; occu-
pation; designation.

Voc'a-tive (vSs/a-tfv), a. Relating to, or used
in, calling ; — said of that case of the noun, pro-
noun, or adjective, in which a person or thing
is addressed. — n. The vocative case.

Vo-Cif'er-ate (vo-siFer-at), v. i. & t. To cry out
vehemently; to exclaim; to roar; to clamor.

— Vo-cii'er-a'tiOtt (-a'shiin), n. A vocifera-
ting ; a clamor. — Vo-cif'er-OUS (-sTi'er-Qs), a.
Noisy. — Vo-cif'er-oas-l/, adv.

Vogue (vog), n. Temporary mode or fashion.

VoiCS (vois), n. Sound utcere 1 by the mouth;
utterance ; mode of speaking, singing, etc. ; ex-
pression ; precept ; iu grammar, a form of a
verb, indicating tiie relation of the subje :t of
the verb to the action expressed by it. — v. t.
[Voiced (voist; ; Voicing.] To fit for producing
proper sounds; to reguKte the tone of; to ut-
ter ; to express. — Voiced (voist), a. Furnished
with a voice. — Voice'less, a. Having no voice ;
silent.

Void (void), a. Vacant ; not occupied ; destitute ;
without legal or binding force ; null ; empty ;
vain. — n. An empty space ; a vacuum ; empti-
ness. — v. t. To make or leave vacant or empty ;
to quit; to throw, emit, or Bend out ; to evacu-
ate ; to vacate : to annul. — Void'er, «. — Void'-
ness, n. — Void'a-ble (-a-b'l), a. Capable of
being voided or evacuated, or of being adjudged
void, invalid, and of no force. — Void'auce
(-ins), n. A voiding or emptying ; vacancy.

Vol'a-puk'(v61'a-puk), n. An artificial language,
designed to be used throughout the world.

Vol'a-tile (vol'a-tll), a. Evaporating quickly;
lively ; gay ; fickle ; apt to ch uige. — Vol'a-tile-
ness, Vol'a-til'i-ty (-ttiT-ty), n. - Vol'a-til-ize
(v51'a-t!l-i'.). r. t. [Volatilized (-Tzd) ; Vol-
atilizing.] To render vol itile; to cause to ex-
hale or evaporate. — Vol'a-til'i-za'tion (-T-za'-
shun), n. A volatilizing.

Vol-ca'flO (v51-ka'no), n. ; pi. Volcanoes (-noz).
A mountain which emits 1 iva, steam, sulphure-
ous gases, etc. — Vol-cau'ic (-kXu'Ik), a. Per-
taining to, or produced by, volcanoes.

Vo-li'tion (vo-lish'iiu), n. A willing or choosing ;
will; choice; preference; purpose.

Volley (vol'ly), n. ; pi. Volleys (-ITz). A flight
of shot ; the discharge of many small arms or
many things at once. — v t. X- ?'. [Volleyed
(-ltd) ; Volleying.] To discharge, or be dis-
charged, at once.

Volt (volt), n. The standard unit of electromo-
tive force.

Vol-ta'iC (v5I-ta1k), a. Pertaining to Volta, or to
electric currents devel 'i"''l by chemical action.

— Vol'ta-ism (v51'ta-Tz'm), n. Galvanism.
Vol'U-ble (v5.'u-b'l), a. Easily rolling or turn-
ing; of rapid speech ; fluent. — Vol'U-bly, adr.

— Vol'u-bil'i-ty (-MlT-ty), n.

Vol'ume (v51'um), n. A book ; dimensions; com-
pass ; space occupied; quantity or caliber of
voice or tone. — Vo-lu'ml-nOUS (vn-lu'inT-i>u-\
a. Consisting of many volumes or books; copi-
ous ; diffuse. — Vo-lu'mi-nous-ness, n.

Vol'un-ta-ry (voi'iin-tii-ry), a. Proceeding from
choice ; willing; tree; gratuitous. — n. A mu-
sical air played extemporarily ; the organ play-
ing during pauses in church service. — Vol'un-
ta-ri-ly (-rT-ly), adv. - Vol'un-ta-ri-ness, n.

Vol'un-teer' (v51'un-ter'), n. One who enters
into any service of his own free will. — a. En-
tering into service of iree will ; con,)
volunteers. — r. /. [Volunteered (-ten! '
unteering.] To bestow voluntarily.— « i. To
enter into any service without solicitation or
compulsion.

Vo-lup'tU-a-ry (vS-liip'tu-a-ry), n. A voluptuous
person; a sensualist; an epicure. — a. Ad-
dicted to, or affording, pleasure. — Vo-lup'tU-
0US (-us), a. Full of pleasure; exciting sen-
sual desire : sensual ; indulging in luxury and
pleasure.— Vo-lup'tu-ous-ly, adv. — Vo-lup'tu-
ous-ness, ?>.

Volute' (vci-luf), w. A spiral scroll, used in the
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite capitals.

Vom'it (vomit), V. i. & t. To eject (the contents
of the stomach) by the mouth ; to spew ; to dis-
gorge ; to emit. — 7i. Matter ejected from the
stomach; an emetic. — Vo-mi'tion(*6-niT.-l/iin),
n. A vomiting. — Vom'i-tive (\5m'I-tTv), a.
Causing vomiting; emetic. — Vom'i-to-ry (-to-
ry), a. Procuring vomiting ; vomitive. — n.
An emetic ; a principal door of a large building.

Voo'doo (voo'doo), n. A negro sorcerer. — a.
Pert lining to voodooism. — Voo'dOO-ism
(-Tz'm), n. A superstition and sorcery, said to
include cannibalism, prevalent among the ne-
groes of Hayti and in parts of the United States.

Vo-ra'CiOUS (v6-ra'shus), a. Greedy for eating ;
very hungry ; ravenous ; rapacious. — Vo-ra'-
clous-ly, adv. — Vo-ra'cious-ness, Vo-rac'i-ty
(-ra\'T-t?), n.

Vor'tex (vor'tgks), n. ; pi. E. Vortexes (-Sz) ; L.
Vortices (-tT-sez). A whirling or circular mo-
ti in ; a whirlpool ; a whirlwind. — VOl'U-Cal
(-tT-krtl), a. Like a vortex ; whirling.

Vo'ta-ry (vo'ta-r^), a. Consecrated by a vow or
promise; devoted; promised. — n. One de-
voted or engaged by a vow or promise. — Vota-
ress (-iSs), n. A female votary. — Vo'ta-rist
(-rYst), n.

Vote (.^ot), n. Wish, choice, or opinion, ex-
pressed in elections, etc. ; suffrage ; expression
of will by a majority. — '', i. A /. To express
or signify the will or preference ; to elect ; to
determine. — Vot'ei (vofer), 71.

Vo'tlve (wl'tTv). a. Given by vow; devoted.—
Vo'tive-ly, adv.

Vouch (vouch), v. l. [Vouched (voucht) ; Vouch-
ing.] To call to witness; to warrant ; to sup-
port ; to establish. — 7\ I To l>ear witness;
to give attestation. — Vouch'er. ». One who
vouches, or gives witness : a document vouch-
ing the truth of accounts, confirming f I

— Vouch-sale' (voncb-aif), ». t. [ Vooobmawbd

(-saff) ; VOUCHSATOTO.] To condescend to

grant. — >. i. To deign : t> yield.
VOW (vou), n. A solemn promise made to God,

or to some d.ity j a promise of fidelity, love, or

affection. — *. /. [Vowed (voud); Vowino.]

To gi- '-, or dedicate by solemn

promise; to assev.
Vow'el (vou'Sl), n. An utterance of the voice

through an ( pt n position of the mouth organs;

a letter (a, e. i, ", u, y) representing such a

XSrn, recent, orb, rijde, fudl, Orn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, i|jk, tnen, thin,

VOWELED

480

WAIF

Bound. — a. Pertaining to a vowel ; vocal. —
Vow'eled (vou'Sld), a. Furnished with vowels.

Voy'age (voi'aj), n. A journey; esp., a passing
by sea. — v. i. & t. [Voyaged (-ajd) ; Voya-
ging.] To take a voyage or journey ; to travel.
— Voy'a-ger, n.

Vul'can-ite (vul'kan-It), n. Ebonite ; a prepara-
tion of caoutchouc for use as a substitute for
bone, in combs, knife handles, etc. — Vul'can-
izs (-iz), v. t. [Vulcanized (-Izd) ; Vulcaniz-
ing.] To change (caoutchouc, or India rubber)
by vulcanization. — VuFcan-I-za'tion (-T-za'-
shun), n. The imparting new properties to
caoutchouc by treating it with sulphur.

Vul'gar (vul'ger), a. Pertaining to the mass or
multitude of people ; common ; ordinary ; pub-
lic ; plebeian ; boorish ; offensive to good taste
or delicacy ; mean ; unrefined. — n. The com-
mon people. — Vul'gar-ly, adv. — Vul-gar'i-ty
(viil-gar'T-ty), n. — Vul'gar-ism (-Tz'm), n.
Vulgarity ; grossness ; a vulgar phrase or ex-
pression. — Vul'gar-ize (-Iz), v. t. To make
vulgar.

Vul'gate (vQl'gat), n. An ancient Latin transla-
tion of the Bible.

Vul'nei-a-Me (vfil'ner-a-b'l), a. Capable of be-
ing wounded ; lia-
ble to injury ; as-
sailable. — V U 1 ' -
ner - a - hie - ness,
Vul'ner-a-bil'-
1-ty (-bil'i-ty), n.
— Vul'ner-a-ry

(-a-ry), a. Useful
in healing wounds;
adapted to cure ex-
ternal injuries. —
n. A plant, drug,
etc., useful in the
cure of wounds.
Vul'pine (viil'pTn or
-pin), a. Pertain-
ing to the fox;
cunning; artful.

Vulture (vul'tfir),
n. A bird of prey
akin to the hawks
and owls. — Vul ' -
tur-lne (-in or -In), VultUT-OUS (-us), a. Like
a vulture; rapacious.

California Vulture.

w.

Wabllle (woVb'l), v. i. To move staggeringly
from side to side; to vacillate. — n. A hob-
bling, unequal motion.

Wack'e (waVe or wSk), Wack'y (wXk'T), n.
Rock resembling basalt.

Wad (w5d), n. A little mass or tuft of hay, tow,
etc., esp. to stop the charge in a gun or an aper-
ture. — v. t. [Wadded ; Wadding.] To form
into a mass or into wadding ; to crowd a wad
into. — Wad'ding, n. A wad ; material for
wads; cotton or other soft stuff of loose tex-
ture, for stuffing garments.

Wad'dle (w5d'd'l), v. i. [Waddled (-d'ld) ;
Waddling (-dling).] To walk with short steps,
like a duck, or a fat person ; to toddle. — n. A
walking with short steps. — Wad'dler, n.

Wade (wad), v. i. & t. To walk through a yield-
ing substance, as water, mud, sand, etc. ; to
pass with difficulty. — Wad'er, n. One that
wades ; a long-legged bird that wades in water
in search of food.

Wad'y (wSd'y), n- A water course which is dry
except in the rainy season.

Water (wa'fer), n. A thin cake of flour, etc. ; a
leaflike bread, used by Roman Catholics in the
Eucharist ; a thin leaf of adhesive paste for
sealing letters, etc. — ?>. t. [Wafered (-ferd) ;
Wafering.] To seal with a wafer.

Waitle (w5i'f'l), n. A thin cake baked in an
iron utensil on coals.

Walt (waft), v. t. & i. To bear through water,
air, etc. ; to float ; to swim ; to fly.

Wag (w5g), v. t. & i. [Wagged (wSgd) ; Wag-
ging.] To move briskly one way and the other ;
to vibrate ; to stir. — n. A man full of sport ;
a humorist; a wit. — Wag'ger-y (-srer-y). v.
Conduct of a wag ; pleasantry. — Wag'gish
(-gTsh), a. Sportive ; jocose ; droll ; roguish.
— Wag'gish-ly, adv. — Wag'gish-ness, n.

Wage (wSj), v. t. [Waged (wivjd) ; Waging

(wa'jTng).] To pledge ; to hazard on the event
of a contest ; to stake ; to bet ; to wager ; to
venture ; to carry on (a war). — n. Price for
which one labors ; hire ; salary ; pay ; compen-
sation ; fruit ; — usually in pi.

Wa'ger (wa'jer), n. Something hazarded on the
event of a contest or unsettled question ; a bet.
— v. t. & i. [Wagered ; Wagering.] To haz-
ard ; to bet.

Wag'ger-y, Wag'gish, etc. See under Wag, v.

Wag'gle (wag'g'l), v. i. & t. [Waggled (-g'ld) ;
Waggling (-gling).] To move one way and the
other ; to wag ; to waddle.

Wag'OU (wag'iin), n. A four-wheeled carriage,
esp. for carrying
freight. — Wag'on-
er, n. One who con-
ducts a wagon. —
Wag'on-ette' (-gf),
n. An uncovered
pleasure wagon, hav-
ing seats for six or * ^onette.
eight persons, extended along the sides.

Wagtail' (wSg'tal'). n. A small singing bird,
named from its constantly jerking its long tail
up and down.

Pied Wagtail.

Wall (waf), n. Goods found without an owner;
I wanderer ; a deserted child.

S, e, I, o, u, long , &, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short , uouftte, fivont, Idea, dbey , finite, c&re, arm, ask, all, final,

WAIL

481

WARD

Wall (w61), v. t. & i. [Wailed (wald) ; Wail-
ing.] To lament; to bewail; to grieve over.

— n. Doleful lamentation ; loud weeping.
Wain (wan), n. A wagon.

Wain'scot (wan'skot), n. A wooden lining of
walls, made in panels. — v. I. [Wainscoted ;
Wainscoting.] To line with panel work. —
Wain'SCOt-lng, n. A lining with boards in
panel ; material used to wainscot a house, or
the wainscot as a whole.

Waist (wast), n. That part of the body immedi-
ately below the ribs, or of a ship between quar-
ter-deck and forecastle. — Waist'band (-band),
n. The band or part of a garment which en-
compasses the waist. — Walst'coat (wast'kot ;
colloq. wgs'kiit), n. A short garment, worn
under the coat.

Wait (wat), v. i. To stay or rest in expectation ;
to attend ; to expect ; to stay. — v. t. To stay
for ; to await. — n. A waiting ; ambush. —
Wait'er, n. One who waits ; an attendant,
esp. at table ; a tray for carrying food, etc. —
Waitress (-re's), n. A female waiter.

Waive (wav), v. t. [Waived (wavd) : Waiving.]
To relinquish ; to give up claim to ; to forego.

— WaiVer, R. The waiving, or not insisting
on, some right, claim, or privilege.

Wake (wak), n. The track left in water by a
moving vessel.

Wake (wak). v. i. [Waked (wakt) ; Waking.]
To be, or to continue, awake ; to watch ; to hold
a night revel ; to awake ; to be stirred up from
a dormant or inactive state. — v. t. To rouse
from sleep ; to excite ; to revive ; to sit up, or
watch with (a dead body) at night. — n. A
waking; vigils; a sitting up with a dead body,
attended witli carousals. — Wake'ful, o. Indis-
posed to sleep. — Wak'en (wak"n), v. i. & t.
[Wakened (-'nd) ; Wakening.] To wake ; to
rouse from sleep ; to excite to action ; to stir up.

Wale (wal), n. A ridge or streak ; one of the
strong planks along a ship's side. — v. t. To
mark with wales or stripes.

Walk (wak), v. i. [Walked (wakt) ; Walkino.]
To move on foot; to advance by step" ; to be
abroad; to conduct one's self. — v. I. To pass
through or upon ; to lead, drive, or ride with a
slow pace. — n. A walk-
ing ; gait ; step ; place of
action ; sphere ; behavior.

— Walk'er, n.

Wall (wal), n. A solid in-
closing fence of brick,
stone, etc. ; a side of a
building or room. — v. t.
[Walled (wald) ; Wall-
ino.] To inclose, defend,
or fill up, with a wall.

— Wall creeper. A

small, bright-colored bird

of Asia and Southern

Europe, which climbs

over old walls and cliffs,

seeking insects and spi-
ders ; the spider catcher.
Wal'let (wBl'lSt), n. A

bag or knapsack ; a pock-

etbook.
Wall'-eyC (wall'), n. A

light gray or whitish eye. -

a. Having a wall-eye.

carnivorous marine

Wall Creeper.
Wall'-eyed' (-id'

| Wallop (wol'lfip), r. i. [Walloped (-lilpt);

Walloping. ] To boil with continued bubbling ;

to waddle ; to be slatternly. — r. /. To flog ; to

whip.
Wal'low (wBl'16), v. i. [Wallowed; Wallow-
ing.] To roll about as in mire ; to Hound t-r ; to

live in filth or vice.
Wal'nut (w51'ntit), n. A timber tree, and its

fruit.
Wal'rUS (wol'rus

a n 1 m a 1 of the

seal kind, valu-
able for its oil

and ivory ; the

morse.
Waltz (waits), n.

A dance tor two

persons in circu-
lar figures; a

piece of music Walrus.

for this dance. —

v.i. [Waltzed (waltst) ; Waltzing.] To dance

a waltz. — Waltz'er, n.
Wam'pum (wSm'pum), n. Beads made of shells,

used by North American Indians as money.
Wan (won), a. Pale ; pallid ; sickly in hue.
Wand (w5nd), ». A small stick ; a rod.
Wan'der (wSn'dex), v. i. [Wandered (-derd) ;

Wandering.] To ramble ; to rove ; to go

astray ; to be delirious. — Wan'der-er, n.
Wan'der-00' (w5ii'der-oo')» n. A large monkey

of Malabar, having its face

encircled by a long gray

beard; the maha, ouan-

deroo, or silenus.
Wane (wan), v. i. [Waned

(wand) ; Waning.] To be

diminished ; to decrease ;

to decline ; to fail ; to sink.

— n. Decrease of the illu-
minated part of the moon;
failure ; declension.

Want (want), n. Lack of
what is needed ; destitu-
tion; poverty; failure;
scarcity. - r. t. &i. To Wanderoo.

be destitute or deficient ;
to lack ; to require ; to need ; to fail. — Want-
ing, a. Absent ; slack ; deficient.

Wa'n't (want). Colloquial contraction of WCU not.

Wan'ton (wSn'tfln), a. Moving or flying loosely ;
unrestrained; licentious; dissolute. — ». A
lewd person. — c f. [Wantoned (won'tflnd);
Wantoning.] To rove without restraint ; to
revel ; to sport lasciviously. — Wan'ton -ly, adv.

— Wan'ton-ness, a.
Wap'i-ti (wapT-tl), n. The American elk.
War (war), a.

on by " i ■ •><•.■. — v. i. [Wahked (ward): War-
rino.'] To contend ; to fight ; to carry 00 hos-
tilities.—War cry. Aery or signal used in
war. — War dance. A dance among
preliminary to going to war. — War depart-
ment. The executive department of ■ govern-
ment in charge of military affaire. —War horse.

A horse used in war ; a CO
War'ble (warWl), V I. & i. [Warbled (-b'ld) ;
Warblino'.J To ting In a trilling or vibratory

manner ; to carol. — ?i. A quavering modulation
of the voice ; a song. — WarT>ler, ;«.
Ward (ward), r t. To keep in safety ; to watch ;

f8m, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin,

WAKDEN

482

WATCHMAN

to guard ; to fend off ; to repel. — n. A guard-
ing ; watch ; custody ; condition of a child un-
der a guardian ; defense ; protector ; a division
of a town or city, or oi a hospital ; an interior
division of a lock. — Ward'en (warden), n. A
keeper ; a guardian. — Ward'en-ry (-ry). Ward'-
en-ship, n. Office of a warden. — Ward'er, n.
One who wards or keeps ; a guard ; a truncheon.

— Ward'robe' (-rob7), n. A room or closet for
keeping clothes; wearing apparel. — Ward'-
room/ (-room'), n. A messroom for commis-
sioned officers of a war-vessel. — Ward'ship,
n. Office of a ward or keeper ; guardianship ;
pupilage.

Ware (war), v. t. To wear ; to veer.

Ware (war), n. Articles of merchandise ; pi.
goods; commodities. — Ware'house' (-hou*'),
n. A storehouse for goods. — v. t. [Ware-
housed (-houzd') ; Warehousing.] To deposit
in a warehouse. — Ware'house-man (-man), n. ;
pi. -men. One who keeps a warehouse.

War'fare7 (warTaV), n. Military service ; war ;
contest : struggle.

Wa'ri-ly (wa'iT-1^), adv. In a wary manner. —
Wa'ri-ness, n. Caution; watchfulness; fore-
sight : care : vigilance.

Warlike' (warlik'), a. Fit for war; disposed
for, or relating to, war ; martial.

Warm (warm), a. Having moderate heat ; ex-
cited ; zealous ; cordial ; keen ; violent.—?', t. & i.
[Warmed (warmd) ; Warming.] To heat mod-
erately. —Warmly, adv. —Warmth (warmth),
n. Moderate heat ; ardor ; zeal : animation.

Warn (warn), v. t. [Warned (warnd) ; Warn-
ing.] To make aware ; to cautioii. — Wam'er,
v. — Warn'ing, ». Caution against danger,
faults, etc. ; admonition ; previous notice.

Warp (warp), v. i. & t. [Warped (warpt) ; Warp-
ing.] To turn, twist, or incline from a straight
line or proper course ; to pervert ; to deviate ;
to swerve. — n. In weaving, the threads ex-
tended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by
the woof ; a towing line ; a hawser ; the state
of being warped or twisted.

War'rant (workout), v. t. To make secure ; to
support by authority or proof ; to justify ; to
indemnify against loss ; to secure to (a pur-
chaser) the quality or quantity of goods sold.

— n. That which warrants or authorizes ; a
commission ; precept ; guaranty ; security. —
Warrant Officer. A noncommissioned officer
in the army or navy. — Waj/rant-a-Dle (-a-b'l),
a. Authorized by commission, precept, or right ;
justifiable ; defensible. — War'rant-a-ble-ness,
n. — War'rant-a-bly, adv. — Warran-tee'
(-ran-te7), n. The person to whom land or other
thing is warranted. — War'rant-er (-er), War'-
rant-or (-5r). n. — War'rant-y (-}?), n. A cove-
nant of security. — v. t. To warrant.

War'ren (wSr'ren), n. A place for breeding rab-
bits, keeping fish, etc.

War'rior (war'yer or w5r'rT-er), n. One engaged
in war ; a soldier.

Wart (wart), n. A small, hard excrescence on
the skin or on plants. —Wait'y (-J). a. Hav-
ing warts ; of tlie nature of warts. — Wart hog.
The vlacke vark ; a savage African wild hog,
having a pair of large rough tubercles behind
the tusks and another pair behind the eyes.

Wa'ry (wa'r^), a. [Warier (-rl-er) ; Wariest.]
Cautious of danger ; careful ; circumspect.

"Washer.

Was (w5z), imp. of the substantive verb Be.

Wash (w5sh), v. t. & i. [Washed (wosht) •,
Washing.] To cleanse by dipping or rubbing
in water ; to wet ; to tint lightly aud thinly ; to
overlay with a thin coat of metal, —n. A wash-
ing or ablution ; the quantity of clothes washed
at once; a shallow part of a river or arm
of the sea ; a bog ; a marsh ; refuse ; a lotion ;
a thin coat of color, over a picture, or of metal
laid on anything for beauty or preservation. —
Wash'er, n. One that washes ; a disk of leather
or metal to prevent fric-
tion, tighten a joint, etc.

— Wash'board' (-bord'), n.
A board with a ribbed sur-
face on which clothes are
rubbed in being washed ; a
board running round the
walls of a room, next to the floor ; mopboard.

— Wash'er-wom'an (-wdom'an), n. A woman
who washes clothes for hire. — Wash leather.
Split sheepskin dressed with oil, in imitation
of chamois ; buff leather for regimental belts.

— Wash'ont' (-out/), n. The washing away of
the bed of a road by rain, a freshet, etc. —
Wash'y (wosh'Jr), a. Watery ; weak ; thin.

Wasp (wSsp), n. A stinging insect resembling
the hornet. — Wasp'ish, a.
Having a slender waist, like
a wasp ; quick to resent af-
front ; petulant ; irascible ;

captious. — Wasp'ish-ly,
adv. — Wasp'ish-ness, n.

Was'sail (woVsTl), n. A
drinking to one's health ;
roistering festivity ; liquor
composed of wine or ale,
sugar, nutmeg, toast, and roasted apples. — a.
Festive. — v. i. To carouse. — Was'sail-er, n.

Wast (wost), imp. of Be, iu the 2d person angu-
lar, indicative.

Waste (wast), v. t. To bring to ruin ; to devas-
tate ; to wear away ; to impair gradually ; to
lavish vainly ; to squander, —v. i. To be con-
sumed ; to dwindle. — a. Desolate ; bare ;
dreary ; unused ; of no worth ; superfluous ;
unproductive ; wild ; uncultivated. — n. A
wasting ; anything wasted or desolate ; desert ;
worthless remnant : refuse ; loss ; devastation;
havoc; ravage. — Wast'er, ». — Waste'fttl, a.
Full of waste : destructive ; profuse ; prodigal.

— Waste'fnl-ly, adv. — Waste'ful-ness, n.
Watch (wSch), n. A watching, or forbearance

of sleep ; close observation ; guard ; one who
watches, or those who watch ; a sentry ; a
period of the night in which one person, or set
of persons, stands as sentinel ; a division of the
night ; a small timepiece ; an allotted portion of
time for watching, or being on duty ; the part
of a ship's company who work her for an allotted
time. — v. i. [Watched (wKcht) ; Watching.]
To be awake ; to keep guard* to wait. — 9. t.
To give heed to ; to keep in view ; to tend ; to
guard. — Watch'er, n. — Watch'ful (-ful), a.

Vigilant; cautious; observart; wakeful; heed-
ful. - Watch'ful-ly, adv. — Watch'ful-ness,
n. _ Watch'house' (-hous'), n. A house in
which a watch or guard is placed, or where per-
sons under temporary arrest are kept ; a lock-
up. — Watch'man, n. One set to watch ; a
sentinel ; one who guards the streets or a build-

Wasp

a,c,i, u, fl, long ; ft, e, I, 6, A, y, short ; senate, event, tdea, obey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

WATCHWORD

483

WEAL

log by night. — Watch'word' (-wtird'), n. The I
word given to sentinels, as a signal by which a !
friend is known from an enemy ; a countersign. !
Wa'ter (wa'ter), n. Fluid descending from the
clouds in rain, and forming rivers, seas, etc. ; a I
liquid secretion, humor, etc., resembling water ;
urine; the luster of a diamond. — v. t. [Wa-
tered (-terd) ; Watering.] To wet or overflow
with water ; to supply with water for drink ;
to dilute ; to thin. — v. i. To shed water or
liquid matter ; to take in water. — Wa'ter-er,
n. — Wa'ter-y (-y), a. Resembling water;
transparent ; thin ; tasteless ; insipid ; damp ;
wet. — Wa'ter-i-ness, n. — Water carriage.
Transportation by water. — Water cart. A
cart bearing water, esp. for sprinkling streets.
— Water cement. Hydraulic cement. — Wa

ter-ClOS'et (-klBz'gt), n. A privy
privy cleansed by a stream of water.
Color. A color ground with water and gum or
size, and fitted for use by rubbing it with water.
— Wa'ter- course7 (-kors'), n. A stream of
water ; a can vl to convey water, esp. in draining
land3. — Water cress. A small, creeping
plant, growing in watery places. — Water cure.
The treating diseases with water ; hydropathy ;
an establishment where such treatment is
employed. — Water dog. A dog accustomed
to the water ; a small floating cloud, threaten-
ing rain ; an old sailor. — Wa'ter-fall' (-fal ), n.
A fall or perpendicular descent of the water of
a stream; a cascade; a cataract. — Wa'ter-
fowl' (-foul'), n. A bird that frequents the
water, or lives about rivers, lakes, the sea, etc.

used in quenching fins. Water wheel. A

wheel, for propelling

machinery, etc., rotated

by direct action of wa-
ter ; the paddle wheel

of a steam vessel.
Wa'ter-ing place' (wa/-

ter-Tng plaV). A place

where water may be

obtained, as for a ship,

for cattle, etc. ; a place

to which people resort

for mineral water or

for the use of water in

bathing, drinking, etc.
Watt (w5t), n. Electric unit of power

horse power equals 746 watts

Breast Wheel.
[See nlso Want, of Over-
shot Wheel and Un-
DBBSHOI W HEEL.]

One

esp., a Wat'tle (w5t't*l), n. A twig or flexible rod; a
Water hurdle ; a fleshy excrescence under the throat of
some fowls and fish. — v. t. [Wattled (-fid) ;
Wattling (-tlTng).J To twist or interweave.

Waul (wal), v. i. To cry as a cat ; to squall.

Wave (wav), n. A moving ridge or swell of
water ; an undulation ; a vibration (of sound) ;
inequality ; unevenness— v. i. [Waved (wavd) ;
Waving.] To move like a wave ; to undulate.
— v. t. To raise into inequalities of surface ; to
move one way and the other ; to brandish ; to
beckon. — Wave'less, a. Free from waves ;
undisturbed. — Wave'let, n. A little wave ; a
ripple. — Wav'y (-y), a. Undulating.

Wa'ver (wa'ver), v. i. [Wavered (-verd) ; Wa-
vering.] To move to and fro ; to be unsettled;
to fluctuate ; to vacillate. — Wa'ver-er, n.

-Water gauge. An instrument showing the Wav'y, a. See under Wave,

Wax (wSks), n. A fatty, solid substance, pro-
duced by bees ; an oily product secreted by cer-
tain plants or found in certain mineral deposits.

— v. t. [imp. Waxed (wSkst); p. p. Waxed
(wSkst) (Waxen (wgks''n) obs. or poetic) ; p.
pr. Waxing.] To smear, rub, or treat with wax.

— Wax'en (-'n), Wax'y (-y). n. Made of, or
like, wax ; soft ; yielding. — Wax'i-ness. R.

Wax (wSks), v. i. To increase in size ; to grow.
Way (wa), n. A moving ; passage ; road or

path: distance; direction; progress; method;

scheme : pi. timbers on which a ship is launched.

— Way'farer (wa'fftr'er), n. A traveler; a
passenger. — Way'far'lng. a. Traveling; be-
ins on a journey. —Way'lay (-la'). ''• <'• [Way-
laid (-lad') ; Waylaying.] To lie in wait for;
to watch in the way of. in order to rob or day.

— Way'lay er, n. — Way'side (-aid'), n. The
edge or border of a road or path. —Way Sta-
tion. An intermediate station on a line of
travel, esp. on a railroad. — Way train. A
railroad train going only a part of the length of
the route, or stopping at minor stations.

Way'ward (wiSrerd), a. Liking one's own

way: perverse ; willl'ul. — Way'ward-ly. "</»"•
'' proi:.; pi. of /. [/W. Our (our) or

On. 0% (us).] I and others.

Weak (wok), a. Lacking strengtli : feeble: frail;
infirm ; spiritless ; foolish ; impotent. — Weak'-
ly, adv. — a. infirm. — Weak'ness. »■ —
Weak'en (weVn), v. t. [Wbaxbhko i.-'nd);
Weakening.] To make v
reduce in strength or spirit. -- Weak'en-er, n.

— Weakling, n. A feeble creature.
water; not leak v.— Water tower. A portable Weal («el), »J. A Bound, healthy, or prosperous
standpipe, carried in sections on a carriage, — i state; welfare; bappinoM.

fern, recent, orb, rude, full,' um, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, emu, iyk, tlieu, thin.

quantity of water in a steam
boiler, etc. —Water level. The
level of the surface of still water.

— Wa'ter-logged' (-lSgd'), a. So
filled with water as to be loglike,
heavy, or clumsy : — said of ships.

— Wa'ter-man (-man), n. A boat-
man; a ferry mail. — Wa'ter-
mark' (-mark'), n. A mark show-
ing the height to which water has
risen ; a device wrought into pa-
per during its manufacture. —
Wa'ter-mel'on (-meVfin), n. A
vine, and its very large fruit,
which has a pulp, usually pink in
color, and full of a sweet, watery
juice.— Water power. The pow-
er of water employed to drive ma-
chinery, etc. ; a site for a mill
driven by water. — Wa'ter-proof
(-proof), n. A preparation which
renders cloth, leather, etc., imper- w
vious to water ; cloth made water-
proof ; a garment made of such material. — V. (.
To render (cloth, etc.) impervious to water. — a.
Proof against soaking by water. — Wa'ter-rot
(-r5f), v. t. To rot (hemp, flax, etc.) by steep-
ing it in water. — Wa'ter-shed' (-she'd'), n. The
region of country which contributes to tlie sup-
ply of a stream, lake, sea, etc. — Wa'ter-spout
(-spout'), n. A kind of whirlwind, usually over
the sea, which sometimes raises great masses of
water to considerable height. — Wa'ter- tight'
(-tif), a. So tight as to hold or 1

WEALTH

484

WEEPER

Wealth (wglth), n. Large possessions ; riches ;
affluence ; abundance. — Wealth'y (wglth'jf), a.
[Wealthier (-T-er) ; Wealthiest.] Having
great wealth ; opulent ; rich. — Wealth'i-ly,
adv. — Wealth'i-ness, n.

Wean (wen), v. t. [Weaned (wend) ; Weaning.]
To accustom (a child or young animal) to dep-
rivation of the breast; to alienate (the affec-
tions) from any object of desire. — Wean'ling,
n. A child or animal newly weaned.

Weap'on (wgp'Bn), n. An instrument of com-
bat.— Weap'on-less, a. Having no weapon;
unarmed.

Wear (wSr), v. t. limp. Wore (wor); p. p.
Worn (worn) ; p. pr. Wearing.] To carry
upon the person (an article of clothing, decora-
tion, etc.) ; to have on ; to exhibit an appear-
ance of ; to consume by use ; to use up, waste,
or diminish ; to affect by degrees, —v. i. To suf-
fer use ; to be consumed. — ». A wearing ; con-
sumption ; style of dress ; the fashion. — Wear
and tear. Loss by wearing, as of machinery
in use ; injury to which anything is subject by
use, accident, etc. — Wear'er, n. — Wear'a-
t)le, a. Capable of being worn ; fit to be worn.

Wear (w£r), v. t. To put (a vessel) on another
tack, by turning her with the stern toward the
wind ; to veer.

Wear (wer), n. A dam in a river; a fence of
stakes, twigs, etc., to catch fish ; a weir.

Wea'ry (we'rjf), a. [Wearier (-T-erV, Weari-
est.] Having the strength exhausted ; tired ;
tiresome ; irksome ; wearisome. — v. I. [Wea-
ried (-Yd) ; Wearying.] To exhaust the strength
or endurance of ; to make impatient by contin-
uance; to jade; to fatigue. — Wea'ri-ly, adv.
— Wea'ri-ness, n. — Wea'ri-some, a. Causing
weariness ; tiresome ; tedious ; annoving ; vex-
atious. — Wea ' ri - some - ly, adv. — Wea'ri-
some-ness, n.

Wea'sand (we'zand), n. The windpipe; the
throttle.

Wea'sel (we'z'l), n. A small carnivorous quad-
ruped, very slender, alert, and agile.

Weath'er (wgth'er), n. The state of the air or
atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wet-
ness, calm or storm, etc. —v. /. [Weathbred
(-3rd); Weathering.] To expose to the air;
to air ; to sail to the windward of ; to endure ;
to resist. — Weath'er - beat'en (-bet/'n), a.
Beaten by the weather ; worn by exposure. —
Weath'er-board' (-bord'), n. The side of a
ship toward the wind ; a board extending from
ridge to eaves, forming a junction between the
shingling of a roof and the side of the building.
— v. t. To nail boards upon so as to lap one
over another, to exclude rain, Bnow, etc. —
Weath'er-bound' (-bound'), a. Delayed by
bad weather. — Weath'er-OOCk' (-kgk'), n. A
vane ; any thin? or person that turns easily and
frequently. — Weather gauge. Position of a
ship to the windward of another ; a position of

The Baya Weaver Bird
(Ploceus ba.i/a), with
its two kinds of nests.

advantage. — Weath'er-glass' (-gla«0, n. An
instrument to indicate the state of the atmos-
phere, esp. changes of atmospheric pressure,
and hence, changes of weather. — Weath'er-
Wise' (-wiz'), a. Skillful in foreseeing changes
of the weather.

Weave (wev), v. t. limp. Wove (wov) ; p. p.
Woven (wov''n), Wove ; p. pr. Weaving.] To
unite (threads) into a texture or cloth ; to com-
pose. — v. i. To work with a loom. — Weav'-
er, n. —Weaver bird. An Asiatic and African
bird, resembling a spar-
row, which constructs
hanging nests of inter-
laced grass.

Wea'zen (we'z'n), a. Thin ;
sharp ; pinched.

Web (wgb), n. Anything
woven ; textile fabric ;
the texture of fine thread
spun by a spider ; a cob-
web ; the membrane be-
tween the toes of water-
fowls. — v. t. [Webbed
(wgbd); Webbing.] To
unite or surround with a
web ; to envelop ; to en-
tangle. — Webbed, a.
Having the toes united
by a web. — Web'bing,
n. A strong fabric of
hemp, used for suspend-
ers, straps, etc. — Web'-
foot' (wgb'fo-atO, n. i pi.
Webfeet (-let'). A foot
whose toes are connected by a membrane. —
Web'foot'ed, a. Having webbed feet ; pal-
miped.

Wed (wgd), v. t. limp. Wedded ; p. p. Wedded
or Wed ; p. pr. Wedding.] To marry ; to con-
nect strongly. — Wed'ding, n. Nuptial cere-
mony ; marriage.

Wedge (wgj), n. A piece of hard material, thick
at one end and sloping to a thin edge
at the other, used in splitting. — v. t.
[Wedged ( wgjd ) ; Wedging.] To
cleave or separate with a wedge; to
force or drive, or to fasten with
wedge, or with wedges.

Wed'lock (wgd' 15k), n. Marriage, Wed
matrimony.

Wednes'day (wgnz'da), n. The fourth day of
the week.

Weed (wed), n. A useless or troublesome plant.
— v. I. To free from noxious plants, or from
anything hurtful or offensive. — Weed'er, n. —
Weed'y (-£), a. Relating to, consisting of, or
abounding with, weeds.

Weed (wed), n. A garment ; clothing ; pi. the
dress worn in token of grief ; mourning garb.

Week (wek), n. A period of seven days. —
Week day. Any day of the week except Sun-
day. — Weekly, a. Pertaining to a week, or
to week days; happening once a week. — adv.
Once a week. — n. A publication issued once a
week.

Ween (wgn), v. i. To think ; to fancy.

Weep (wep), v. i. [Wept (wgpt) ; Weeping.]
To shed tears ; to cry ; to flow or run in drops ;
to drip ; to droop. — v. t. To lament ; to pour
forth (tears) drop by drop. — Weep'er, N. —

enai, thicu

if

B, 8, 1, 3, a, long ; &, fi, 1, 6, a, jf, short ; sen&te, Svent, Idea, 6bey , Onite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

WEEPING WILLOW

485

WHALE

MM

Weeping Willow.

Weeping willow. A species of willow whose
long, slender
branches hang

W perpendicularly.
ee'vil (we'v'l),
n. A small bee-
1 1 e , very de-
• tructive to
grain.

Weft (wgft), n.
The woof of
cloth; the
threads crossing
the warp from
selvage to sel-
vage.

Weigh (wa), v. t
[Weighed
( wad ) ; Weigh-
ing.] To bear up; to raise; to ascertain the
weight of: to counterbalance; to estimate de-
liberately and maturely. — v. i. To have
weight ; to be heavy ; to be considered as im-
portant ; to press hard. — Weigh'er, n.

Weight (wat), A. The quality of being heavy ;
heaviness ; importance ; influence ; conse-
quence ; a graduated standard of heaviness. —
v. t. To load with weights ; to load down ; to
attach weights to. — Weightless, a. Having
no weight; light; unimportant. — Weight'y
(-^)» «• [Weightier (-T-er) ; Weightiest.]
Having weight ; ponderous ; burdensome ; for-
cible ; momentous. — Welght'i-ly (-I-ly), adv.
— Weight'i-ness, n.

Weir (wer). u. A dam in a river ; a wear.

Weird (werd), a. Skilled in witchcraft ; super-
natural ; unearthly ; wild.

Wel'come (wel'knm), a. Received with gladness ;
grateful ; pleasing. — n. A greeting or kind
reception of a guest or new comer. — v. /.
[Welcomed (-kumd) ; Welcoming.] To salute
(a newcomer) cordially ; to entertain hospita-
bly. — Wel'com-er, n.

Weld (wSld), n. Wood ; a European plant used
by dyers to give a yellow color ; coloring mat-
ter extracted from this plant.

Weld (weld), v. t. To press or beat (heated iron)
into intimate and perma- o>

nent union. — n. A joint i V^ j

made by welding. — Weld'- i I <

Wel'f are7 (wgl'faV), n. Well-
doing or well-being; pros-
perity ; happiness.

Wel'kin (wgl'kTn), n. The
vault of heaveu ; the sky.

Well (wgl), n. An issue of
water from the earth ;
spring ; a source ; a
sunk into the earth to reach
a supply of water ; a pit in Modes of Weldinft,

a miiiP »• i fWnipn a nutt weld or Jump

a mine. — i . i. l«lllld w i. . ^..lrf Wi.iii \

(weld); Welling.] To is- JvWtlt

sue forth, as water from

the earth ; to flow ; to spring , to pour out.

Well (wgl), a. [Compar. and svperl. wanting,
but supplied by Better and Best.] Good in
condition or circumstances ; sound in body ; not
ailing or sick ; convenient ; happy. — adv. In
a good or proper manner ; Justly ; suitably ;
fully ; adequately ; thoroughly ; considerably ;

j&lOC^

not a little ; far. — Well'-be lng, n. Welfare \
happiness ; prosperity. — Well'-bom', a. Born
of a noble or respectable family. — WeU'-
breoV, a. Educated to polished manners ; po-
lite ; refined. — Well'd^lng, n. A doing well ;
performance of duties. — Well -fa'vored, a.
Handsome ; well formed ; pleasing to the eye.
— Well'-mean ing, a. Having a good inten-
tion. — WelT-meant (-nignt'), a. Rightly in-
tended ; kind. — Well'-nigh' (-ni'), adv. Al-
most;. nearly. —Well'-spoh'^n, a. Speaking
well ; speaking with fitness or kindly ; spoken
with propriety. — Well'wish/er, 7^ One who
wishes another well ; a person benevolently or
friendlily inclined.

We '11 (wel). Contraction for we ivill or ire shall.

Welsh (wglsh), a. Belonging to Wales, or its in-
habitants. — n. sing. The language of Wales;
Wo/, the people of Wales,
elt (welt), n. A border ; an edging. —v. /. To
f Ornish with a welt ; to sew a welt on.

Wel'ter (wgl'ter), v. i. [Weltered (-terd) ;
Weltering.] To roll, as in mire ; to wallow.

Wen (wSu), n. A fleshy tumor or excrescence.

Wench (wench), n. A young woman ; a colored
female servant [U. S.~\ ; a negress [Z7. S.~\.

Wend (vvgnd), r. i. & I. To go ; to pass ; to be-
take one's self.

Went (went), imp. of Wend ; — now used as the
imp. of Go.

Wept (wgpt), imp. & p. p. of Weep.

Were (wer), imp. ind. pi. & imp. s>/l>j. sing. &
pi. of Be. It is united with be to supply its
want of tenses, as uent is with go. — Wert
(wert). The second person singular of were,
used as the subjunctive imperfect tense ol Be.

West (wgst), ?}. The direction or quarter of the
heavens where the sun sets ; the point opposed
to east. —a. Situated toward, or relating to,
the west ; coming from the west, or western
region, —a dv. To or at the westward ; more
westward. — West'er-ing (-er Tug), a. Passing
to the west. — West'er-ly, a. Being towards
the west ; situated in, or moving from, the west-

— adv. Tending or moving toward the west.

— West'ern. a. Situated in, or moving toward,

the west. — Westward (-werd), West'ward-ly,
adv. Toward the west.

Wet (wgt), a. [Wetter; Wettest.] Contain-
ing water; full of moisture; rainy; damp;
moist. See Nasty. — n. Water; moisture;
rainy, fogey, or misty weather. —» v. & [Wet
(rarely Wetted) ; Wetting.] To fill or moisten
with water ; to dip or soak. — Wet'neSS, v. —
Wet nurse. A nurse who suckles the child
of another woman. — Wet'-shod' (-shod'), c
Having tlie feet wet with shoes on.

Weth'er (wgth'er), n. A castrated ram.

Whack (hwak), p. t. & i. [Whacked (hwjkt) ;
Whacking.] To strike; to give a resounding
blow to. — it. A Rinart blow.

Whale (hwal), n. The largest animal inhabiting

Biscay Whale.

lis

fgrn, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin-

WHALEBONE

486

WHILE

Wheat.

the ocean, — valuable for oil, whalebone, etc. —
Whale'bone' (hwal'bon'), n. A firm, elastic sub-
stance from the upper jaw of the right whale.

— Whal'er, n. A ship or a person employed
in the whale fishery.

Wharf (hwarf), n. ; pi. Whaefs (hwarfs) or
Wharves (hwarvz). A mole, pier, or quay to
land goods at.' — Wharfage (-aj),
n. The fee paid for using a wharf ;
wharves in general. — Wharf' in-ger
(-Tn-jer), n. A man in charge of a
wharf.

What (hw5t), pron. & a. That which ;
partly ; how great ; how strange. —
What-ev'er ( -6 v ' er ) , pron. Any-
thing soever which ; being this or
that ; all that.

What'not (hwot'not), n. A stand or
piece of household furniture, having
shelves for books, ornaments, etc.

Whafso-ev'er (hwot/s6-gv'er), a.
Whatever.

Wheat (hwet), n. A cereal plant,
whose seed furnishes a white flour
for bread. — Wheafen (-'n), a.
Made of wheat.

Whee'dle (hwe'd'l), v. t. [Wheedled ;
Wheedling.] To entice by soft
words ; to get by flattery ; to coax.

Wheel (hwel), n. A circular frame turning on
an axis ; a rotating disk ; a circular frame, hav-
ing handles on its rim, used in steering a ship ;
turn or revolution ; rotation ; compass. — v. t.
&i. [Wheeled (hweld) ; Wheeling.] To move
on wheels ; to turn or revolve ; to roll. —
Wheel'ing, n. A conveying on wheels ; con-
venience for passing on wheels. — Wheel'bar'-
row (-baVro), n. A light vehicle, having two
handles and one wheel.— Wheel' Wright' (hwef-
rlt'), n. A man who makes wheels, etc.

Wheeze (hwez), v. i. [Wheezed (hwezd) ; Wheez-
ing.] To breathe hard, as one affected with
asthma. — n. Difficult or audible breathing. —
Wheez'y (-f), a. Breathing painfully or nois-
ily ; broken-winded.

Whelk (hwSlk), n. A wrinkle ; a protuberance ;
a streak; a mollusk having a one-valved, spi-
ral shell.

Whelm (hwSltn), v. t. [Whelmed (hwglmd);
Whelming.] To cover with fluid ; to immerse ;
to bury.

Whelp (hwSlp), n. The young of a dog or beast
of prey ; a puppy ; a cub. — v. i. [Whelped
(hwelpt) ; Whelping.] To bring forth whelps ;
to pup.

When (hwgn), adv. At what time ; at the time
that ; while ; whereas ; then. — When-eVer
(-gv'er), When'SO-ev'er, adv. or conj. At what-
ever time. —Whence (hwens), adv. From what
place, source, oritrin, etc. ; how ; by what means.

— Whence'so-ev'er, relative adv. or conj. From
what place, cause, or source soever.

Where (Invar), adv. At or in what place ; at
which place ; whither. — Where'a-DOUt' (-a-
bout'), Where'a-DOUtS' (-a-bouts'), adv. Near
what or which place ; concerning which. — n.
Locality; residence. — Where-as' (h%\ftr-aV),
conj. Considering that ; 6ince. — Where-af
(-at'), adv. At what; at which. —Where-by/
(-bi'), adv. By which ; by what. — Where'fore
(hwgr'ior), adv. For which reason ; for what

reason ; why. — Where-in' (hwaT-in'), adv. -
In which ; in which thing, time, respect, etc. ;
in what. — Where'in-to' (hwSr'Tn-too'), adv.
Into which; into what. — Where-Of (hwa*r-5f
or -5v '), adv. Of which ; of w hat. — Where-on'
(-on'), adv. On which. — Where ' so - ev ' er
(-gv'er), adv. In what place soever; in what-
ever place ; wherever. — Where-to7 (-too'), adv.
To which ; to what end. — Where'up-on' (-Qp-
on'), adv. Upon which ; in consequence of
which. — Wher-ev'er ( hwSr-ev'er ), adv. At
whatever place. — Where- With' (-with' or
-with'), adv. With which; with what. —
Where' With-al' (-wTth-al'), adv. Wherewith.

— n. The means wherewith to accomplish any
purpose. [Colloq.']

Wher'ry (hwer'iy), n. A shallow, light boat, for
fast rowing or sailing.

Whet (hw6t), v. t. [Whetted ; Whetting.] To
rub and sharpen (an edge tool) ; to make sharp,
keen, or eager ; to stimulate ; to excite ; to
provoke. — n. A sharpening by friction; some-
thing that stimulates appetite. — Whet'ter, n.

— Whet'stone (-ston/), n. A stone for sharpen-
ing edged instruments by friction.

Wheth'er (hwSth'er), pron. Which one of two.
[065.] — conj. Used to introduce the first of
two or more alternative clauses, the others be-
ing connected by or, or or whether.

Whew (hwu), n. or interj. A sound like a half-
formed whistle, expressing astonishment, scorn,
dislike, etc.

Whey (hwa), n. The watery part of milk. —
Whey'ey (hwa'y), Whey'ish, a. Having qual-
ities of whey.

Which (hwTch), pron., used interrogatively and
relatively, substantively and adjectively ; who;
what one.— Which-ev'er (-ev'er), Which'so-
ev'er (-so-eVer), pron. Whether one or the
other; which.

Whid'ah bird' (hwTd'a herd'). A bird of Asia and
Africa, of the finch kind, the
male of which has very long
tail feathers in the breeding
season ; the vida finch or
widowbird.

Whiff ( hwTf ), n. A sudden
expulsion of air from the
mouth ; a puff of air, smoke,
scent, etc. ; a gust. — v. t. & i.
[Whiffed (hwlft); Whiff-
ing.] To puff ; to blow.

Whiffle (hwlf 'f '1), v. i. [Whif-
fled (-fid); Whiffling.] To
waver or shake ; to be fickle
and unsteady; to shift; to
shuffle ; to prevaricate. —
Whif'fler, n. -Whif'fle-
tree' (-tre7), n. The bar to
which the traces of a carriage
are fastened ; a whippletree.

Whig (hwljj), n. A membei
of a political party (English
and American) professing lib-
eral and progressive principles. — a. Pertain-
ing to Whigs, or their principles. — Whig'gish
(hwlg'gfsh), a. Whig. — Whig'ger-y (-ger-y),
Whig'gism (-gTz'm), n. The principles of a
Whig.

While (hwil), «. Space of time; time. — adv.
During the time that ; as long as ; under which

Wliulah Bird.

a, 5, 1, 5, 0, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, u, y, short ; senate, event, Idea, Obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, flnaL

WHILES

487

WHOLE

circumstances ; in which case. —v. I. [Whtled
(hwild) ; Whilinq.] To pass away (time, etc.)
without irksouieness ; to spend. — Whiles
(hwilz), conj. or adv. While. — Whi'lom
(hwi'lum), adv. Formerly ; once ; of old.
[Obs.~\ — Whilst (hwilst), adv. While.

Whim (hwim), n. A sudden turn of the mind ;
a fancy ; a humor.

Whim'per (hwTm'per), v. i. [Whimpered (-perd) ;
Whimpering.] To cry with a low, whining,
broken voice. — n. A whining cry. — Whim'-
per-er, n.

Whim'sey (hwTrn'zy), Whim/sy, n. A whim ; a
freak ; a capricious notion. — Whim/si-cal (-zT-
kol), a. Full of whims or whimseys ; curious ;
odd ; quaint ; fanciful ; fantastic. — Whim/si-
-cal-ness, Whim'si-cal'i-ty (-kSi'T-ty), ».

Whin (liwin), n. Gorse ; furze ; a leguminous
plant, having yellow flowers.

Whine (liwin), v. i. [Whined (hwind); Whin-
ing.] To utter a plaintive cry ; to complain in
a shrill tone or in a mean, unmanly way. — n.
A plaintive tone ; puerile or mean complaint.

Whin'ny (hwln'ny), v. i. [Whinnied (-nld) ;
Whinnying.] To cry like a horse ; to neigh. —
n. ; pi. Whinnies (-nYz). The cry of a horse.

Whip (hwip), v. I. [Whipped (hwipt) ; Whip-
ping.] To strike with a lash, cord, rod, etc. ; to
beat; to flog; to thrash ; to beat out (grain) by
striking; to sew lightly ; to wrap; to jerk; to
snatch. — v. i. To move nimbly, —n. An in-
strument for driving animals, or for correction ;
a driver ; a small tackle to hoist light bodies.
— Whip'per, n.

Whip'ple-tree' (hwTp'p'l-tre7), w. A whiffletree.

Whip'-poor-will' ( hwTp'pd6r-wTV ), n. An
American bird, allied to the nighthawk, and
named from its note.

Whip-poor-will.

Whir (hwer), v. i. [Whirred (hwSrdJ ; Whir-
ring.] To whirl round noisily; to fly with a
buzzing sound. ~—n. A buzzing or whizzing
sound of rapid or whirring motion.

Whirl (hwerl), v. t. & i. [Whirled (hwerld) ;
Whirling.] To turn rapidly; to gyrate. — n.
A rapid rotation. — Whirl'er, n. — Whirl'i-gig
(-T--,m g). »• A child's toy, spun like a top. —
Whirlpool' (-pool'), n. An eddy of water ; a
gulf in which water moves circularly. — Whirl'-
Wind/ (-wind'), n. A violent wind moving in a
circle or spirally.

Whisk ( hwTsk ), v. I. [Whisked ( hwTskt ) ;
Whisking.] To sweep or brush briskly, as
dust from a table, or the white of egg
froth. — v. i. To move nimbly. — ?*. Brisk"
motion; a small brush or broom. — Whisk'er
(-er), n. Anything that whisks, or moves with
a quick, sweeping motion; part of the beard
upon the sides of the face. — Whisk'ered
f-erd), a. Formed into, or having, whiskers.

Whis'ky (hwTs'ky), Whislcey, n. A spirit dis-
tilled from barley, wheat, rye, or maize.

Whis'per (hwYs'per), v. L & t. [Whispered
(-perd); Whispering.] To speak softly, or un-
der the breath ; to speak with suspicion ; to
plot secretly; to devise mischief.— n. A low,
soft, sibilant voice ; cautious speech. — Whis'-
per-er, n. One who whispers ; a tattler ; back-
biter ; slanderer.

Whist (liwist), interj. Be silent ; be still ; hush.

— a. Not speaking; mute; still. — n. A
game at cards which requires silence or close
attention.

Whis'tle (hwTs"l), V. i. & t. [Whistled (-'Id) ;
Whistling (-ling).] To utter a kind of mu-
sical sound, by pressing the breath through the
contracted lips ; to blow a sharp, shrill tone. —
n. A sharp, shrill sound of breath forced
through the lips, of wind through a crevice or
among obstructions, of escaping steam, etc. ; an
instrument producing such a sound. — Whis'-
tler (-ler), n.

Whit (hwTt). n. The smallest particle imagina-
ble ; a bit ; a jot.

White (hwit), a. Having the color of pure snow ;
destitute of color; pale; pure; (lean; free
from blemish ; gray, as the effect of age ; hav-
ing colorless hair. — n. A white color ; any-
thing white, as the ball of the eye, albumen of
an egg, a man of a white race, etc. — White,
Whit'en, v. t. & i. To make white ; to white-
wash ; to bleach ; to blanch. — Whit'en-er, n.

— White'ness, v. — Whit'ish, a. Somewhat
white. — Whit'ish-ness, n. — Whit'ing, n.
Ground chalk, used lor cleaning plate, etc. ;
also, a small sea fish, akin to the cod. — White'-
bait/ ( -bat' ), n. A
small food fish, the
young of the her-
ring. — White'-
wash' (•wosb/ ), n.
A composition of Whitebait.

lime and water for

whitening the plaster of walls, etc. — v. t. To
cover with whitewash ; to give a fair external
appearance; to clear (a bankrupt of debts he
owes, an offender of crimes charged against
him, etc.). — Whito'wash'er, v.
Whith'er fhwYth'er), adv. To what or which

place, point, or degree; wliereunto; whereto.

— Whith'er-so-ev'er ( -sfc-eVer ), adv. To
whatever place.

Whit'leath'er (hwYflBth'e'r), n. Leather dressed
with alum, salt, etc., very pliable and tough.

Whit/lOW (hwTt'lo), v. A suppurating intlamma-

tion of the Angers or toes.
Whit/sun (hwTt'sfiii), a. Pertaining to Whitsun<

tide. — Whlt'sun-day (hwTtVn-dl or -sun'-),

Whit'SUn-tide'l-s'n-tid'), n. The seventh Sun-
day after Easter; a festival oommemoi i
descent of the Holy Spirit on the day oi Pente-
cost.

Whit'tle (hwTt't'l), n. A knife. — 0. (. ft 1.
[Whittled (-fid); Whittling (-tlTng).] To
i cut with a knife.

Whiz (hwTz), v. i. [Whizzed (hwltd); Whiz-
zing.] To make a bumming or hissing noise.

— n. A hissing and humming i ound.

Who (hob), won. [Pou. Whom ; oM. Whom]
Wh it or whirh per-. ii or persona. — Who-ev'er
(-JSv'Sr), pron. Whatever person ; any person
whatever.

Whole (hoi), a. Containing the total amount,

fgrn, recent, drb, rude, full, urn, food, fo~ot, out, oil, chair, go, shir. ujk, tlien, thin.

WHOLLY

488

WIN

number, eto. ; not defective or imperfect ; un-
injured ; entire ; healthy ; sound ; well. — n.
The entire thing ; amount ; aggregate ; gross. —
Whol'ly (hSl'iy), adv. — Wholeness, n.

Wholesale' (hol'tal'), n. Sale of goods by the
piece or large quantity, as distinguished from
retail. — a. Pertaining to trade by the piece
or quantity.

Whole'SOme (hol'sQm), a. Favorable to health,
or to morals, religion, or prosperity ; sound ;
salutary ; useful ; kindly. — Whole'some-ly,
adv. — Whole'some-ness, n.

Wholly, adv. See under WHOLE, a.
Whom (hoom), pron., objective of Who. —
Whom/so-ev'er (-eVer), pron., objective of
Whosoever.
Whoop (hoop), n. A shout of pursuit or of_war ;
a halloo; a hoot. —v. i. [Whooped (hoopt) ;
Whooping.] To utter a cry of eagerness or en-
joyment ; to shout ; to hoot, as an owl. —
Whooping COUgh. A violent, convulsive cough,
followed by a sonorous inspiration or whoop;
chin cough ; hooping cough.
Whorl (hwQrl or hw6rl), n. An arrangement of
a number of leaves,
flowers, etc. , round
the stem of a plant ;
a turn of the spire of
a univalve shell.
Whor'tle-ber'ry (hwftr'-
t'l-beVr^), n. A shrub,
and its edible berry;
the huckleberry.
Whose (hooz), pron.)
possessive of Who and
Which. — Whose'so-
ev'er (-so-Sv'er), pron

ever. — WhO'SO-ev'er (hbo ' so - Sv ' er), pron.
Whatsoever person ; any person whatever that.
Whur (hwfir), v. & n. Whir.
Why (hwl), adv. For what or which cause, rea-
son, or purpose ; on what account.
Wick (wTk), n. A cotton cord, which draws up

oil or wax to be burned in a lamp or candle.
Wick'ed (wlk'gd), a. Evil in principle or prac-
tice ; sinful ; guilty ; unjust ; profane ; vicious ;
atrocious ; heinous ; flagrant ; abandoned. —
Wick'ed-lv, adv. — Wick'ed-ness, n.
Wlck'er (wlk'er), n. A small twig; a rod for
making bisket work, etc. — a. Made of, or
covered with, twigs or osiers.
Wlck'et (wlk/et), n. A small gate or door; a

framework of rods, used in playing cricket.
Wide (wid), a. Having a great extent ; spacious ;
vast ; broad ; large, — adv. To a distance ; far.
— Widely, adv. — Wide'ness, Width (width),
n. — Wide'-a-wake' (wid'a-wak'), a. On the
"^rt; ready; lively, —n. A broad-brimmed,
HTM*!* hat-
Wi?fnH""^ v- '• & * [Widened (-'nd) :
widei. i rpQ majje or grow wide, or wider ;
to enlarge.
Wid'geon (wla
jfin), n. A wa-
ter fowl of the
duck kind.
Wid'OW (wTd'ft),
n. A woman
who has lout
her husband by
death— v. t. tWipowED (^ . WlD0W1K0.i To

Whorls
possessive of Whoso-

Wij:gler. a Larvn, b
Pupa, of Mosquito.

Widgeon.

bereave of a husband ; to make desolate. —
Wld'OW-er, n. A man who has lost his wife. —
Wid'OW-hood (-bd6d), n. The state of being a
widow.

Width (width), n. Quality of being wide ; wide-
nes8.

Wield (weld), v. t. To use with full command ;
to control ; to handle. — Wleld'er, n.

Wife (wif), n. ; pi. Wives (wivz). A woman ; a
woman united to a man in wedlock. — Wife'-
hood (-hood), n. State of a wife. — Wife'ly, a.
Becoming or suitable to a wife.

Wig (wig), n. An artificial covering of hair for
the head.

Wig'gle (wTg'g'l), v. t. & i.
To move with a jerking
motion ; to squirm ; to
wriggle. — n. A little,
quick, jerking motion. —
Wig'gler (-gler), Wig'-
gle-tail' (-tal'). n. The
young of the mosquito.

Wight (wit), n. A being ; a person.

Wig'wam (wlg'wgm), n. An American Indian's
hut or lodge.

Wild (wild), a. Living in
a state of nature ; not
tamed; growing or pro-
duced without culture;
desert ; ferocious ; rude ;
turbulent ; violent ; un-
sheltered. — ». An unin-
habited region ; a wil-
derness ; a desert. —
Wild'ly, adv. - Wit-
ness, n.

Wil'der (wll'der), v. t.
[Wilde red (-derd);
Wildering.] To cause to lose the way ; to be-
wilder.

Wil'der-ness (wll'der-nes), n. A region unin-
habited by human beings ; a waste ; a desert.

Wile (wil), n. A trick or stratagem ; guile. — ■
Wil'y (-?), a. [Wilier (-I-er) ; Wiliest.] Full
of wiles ; trickv ; cunning ; sly. — Wi'li-ly (wp-
iuy), otfv.-Wi'li-ness, n.

Will (wil), n. The power of choosing ; choice ;
inclination; decree; testament. — v. i. & t.
[imp. Willed (wild) & Would (wood) ; p. p.
Willed ', p.pr. Willing.] To wish ; to desire ;
to direct or bequeath by a will or testament. —
Will'ful (-ful), a. Governed by the will with-
out yielding to reason ; perverse : stubborn ;
refractory.— Will'ful-ly, adv. — WilPful-ness,
n. [Written also wilful, nil fully, wilfulness.]
— WilPlng, a. Free to do or grant ; disposed ;
ready ; without reluctanre ; chosen ; desired. —
Wili'ing-ly, adv. — Will'ing-ness, n.

Willow (wll'16), n. A tree of many species,
having slender, pliant branches. — Wil'lOW-V
(-f), a. Abounding with willows ; like a wil-
low ; pliant ; flexible ; droopirg.

Wilt, v. 2d per. sin a. of Will.

Wilt (wilt), v. i. [Wilted ; Wilting.] To begin
to wither ; to lose freshness and become flaccid j
to droop.

Wil'y. a. See under Wile, n.

WirnHBle (wlm'b'l), n. An instrument for boring
holes ; a gimlet.

Win (win), v. t. [Won (wfin) ; Winning.] Te
gain by competition or contest ; to get ; to earn.

Wigwam.

ft, e. I, o. «, long ; a, 6, 1, 6, * Bhort . Mu6te| $ymtf idea, 6bey, ftnite, care, arm, ask, all, final

WINNER

489

WISEACRE

mmv. t. To succeed. — Win'ner, n. — Win'-
nlng, a. Attracting; securing favor; charm-
ing. — n. Anything won in a contest.

Wince (wYns), v. i. [Winced (wlnst) ; Wincing.]
To shrink ; to flinch ; to start back.

Winch (winch), n. A lever ; a crank handle ; a
windlass.

Wind (wind), n. A cur-
rent of air; breath;
flatulence ; unmeaning
words. — v. t. [Wind-
ed; Winding.] To ex-
pose to the wind ; to
ventilate; to follow
by scent. — Wind'age
( -aj ), n. Difference
between the diameter
of the bore of a gun
and that of the ball. Winch

— W i n d ' b o u n d '

(-bound'), a. Detained by a contrary wind. —

Wind'fall' (-falO» n. Fruit blown down by the

wind ; an unexpected legacy or other gain. —

Wind'flow'er (-rlou'er), n. The anemone. —

Wind'gall' (-gal')t »• A soft tumor on a

horse's fetlock joint. — Wind'less, a. Having

no wind; out of breath. — Wind'mill', n. A

mill turned by the

wind. - Wind'pipe'

(-pipO, n. The tra-
chea, or passage for

the breath to and

from the lungs. —

Wind'ward (-word),

n. The point from

which the wind

blows. — a. & adv.

Toward the wind.

-Wind'y (-?), a.

[Winddje ; Wind-
iest.] Consisting of,

or abounding with,

wind; next the

wind ; tempestuous ;

flatulent ; empty. —

Wind'i-ness, n.
Wind (wind), v. I.

[Wound ( wound ) ;

Winding.] To blow

or sound (a horn,

etc.) ; esp., to sound

so that the notes shall

be prolonged.

Wind (wind), v. t. &i. _

ftmo & o o Wound 0ne form ot Windmill, with
itmp. &P-P- wouwu gides cut a to ghow

(wound) (rarely the Interior.

Winded) ; p. pr.

Winding.] To turn completely or repeatedly;

to coil ; to twist ; to encircle ; to cover with

coils or wrappings ; to meander. — Wind'ing,

n. A turning ; a turn ; a bend.— Winding Sheet

A sheet in which a corpse is wrapped.

Wind'age, Wind-bound', Wlnd'mill', Wind'y,
etc. See under Wind.

Wind'lass (wTndlas), n. A machine turned by
a crank or lever, to raise weights.

Win'doW (wln'dfi), n. An opening in the wall of
a building, to admit light and air ; a door or
Bash that closes the opening ; a lattice or case-
ment — Window seat A seat in and under
a window.

Wind'TOW (wTn'ro), n. A row of hay raked to-
gether, to be rolled into heaps.

Wine (win), n. The fermented juice of grapes
and other fruits. — Spirit of Wine. Alcohol.
— Wine'glass' (-glasO, n. A small glass from
which to drink wine.

Wing (wing), n. One of the limbs of a fowl or
insect used for flying ; flight „ a lateral exten-
sion or sidepiece of a building or fortification ;
the right or left division of an army or a fleet ;
one of the sides of the stage in a theater.—
v. t. [Winged (wlngd) ; Winging.] To fur-
nish with wings ; to enable to fly or move rap-
idly ; to transport by flight ; to wound in the
wing. — Winged (wingd), a. Furnished with
wings ; rapid ; hurt in the wing. — Wing'less,
a. Having no wings ; not able to fly.

Wink (wink), v. i. [Winked (winkt) ; Wink-
ing.] To close and open the eyelids quickly ;
to blink ; to hint by a motion of the eyelids ; to
close the eyes purposely for the sake of not see-
ing anything, or as if not seeing ; to connive at
anything. — ra. A closing the eyelids quickly ;
a significant look conveying a hint. — Wink'er,
n. One who winks ; a horse's blinder.

Win'ner, Win'ning. See under Win, v. t.

Win'now (win'no), v. t. & i. [Winnowed (-nod) ;
Winnowing.] To separate (chaff from grain)
by means of wind ; to fan. — Win'now-er, n.

Wiil'SOme (wTn'sum), a. Attractive ; engaging ;
merry; gay.

Win'ter (wln'ter), n. The cold season of the
year. — v. i. [Wintered (-terd) ; Wintering.]
To pass the winter. — v. t. To keep or manage
during the winter. — Win'try (-tr^), Win'ter-y
(-ter-y), a. Suitable to winter ; cold ; stormy ;
snowy ; icy. — Win'ter-green' (-gren'), n. An
aromatic, creeping evergreen, having red ber-
ries ; checkerberry ; partridge berry. — Win'-
ter-kill' (-kll'), v. t. To kill by the cold or ex-
posure of winter. [Amer.~\

Win'y (win'jf), a. Tasting of, or like, wine.

Wipe (wip), v. t. [Wiped (wipt); Wiping.^] To
clean or remove by rubbing. — ?i. A rubbing.

Wire (wir), n. An even thread of metal. — v t.
[Wired (wird); Wiring.] To bind with wire; to
put on, or catch by, a wire; to 6end by tele-
graph. — Wire'draw' (wir'dra/), v. t. [hup.
Wiredrew (-dru/); p.p. Wiredrawn (-dran') ;
p. pr. Wiredrawing.] To form (metal") " into
wire by drawing it through a hole in a plate of
steel; to draw or spin out to great length and
tenuity. — Wire'less (-ISs), a. Having, or using,
no wire. —Wireless telegraph. A telegraph
with no connecting wire. — Wiro'-puller
(-pul'er), n. One who pulls the wires, as of a
puppet ; one who operates by secret means ; an
intriguer. — Wir'y (-y\ a. Made of. or like,
wire; drawn out finely; sinewy. — Wir'i-ness, «.

Wis (wis), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wist (wist).] To
know ; to think ; to imapinf>. [Obs.]

Wis'dom (wTzMKm), n. Quality of being wise;
knowledge, and capacity to use it ; discern-
ment ; discretion ; sagacity ; erudition ; piety ;
religion. — Wisdom tooth. A larcre, back
double tooth, which appears late, or after one is
supposed to have reached the age of wisdom.

Wise (wiz), a. Having wisdom or knowledge ;
enlightened ; learned ; judicious ; prudent ; god-
ly. — Wisely, adv. — Wise'a-cre (-5-kSr), n.
One who affects wisdom ; a simpleton ; a dunce.

fSxn, recent, drb, r^ide, fyll, Orn, food, foot, oat, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin.

WISE

490

WOMB

Wise (wlz), n. Way of being or acting ; manner ; j
mode.

Wish (wish), v. i. & t. [Wished (wYsht) ; Wish-
ing, f To desire ; to long ; to hope or fear. —
n. Desire ; longing ; a request ; a petition ; a
thing desired. — Wlsh'er,ra. — Wish'ful (-ful),
a. Having or showing desire ; wistful. — Wish'-
ful-ly, adv.

Wish'y-wash'y (wYsh'jf-wosh'y), a. Thin and
pale ; without force or solidity ; very weak ; in-
sipid.

Wisp (wYsp), n. A small bundle of straw, etc. ;
a whisk, or small broom.

Wist (wYst). imp. & p. p. of Wis. [Obs."] —
Wist'ful (-ful), a. Eagerly attentive ; with
desire or longing ; wishful. — Wist'f ul-ly, adv.

Wit (wYt), v. t. & i. To know ; — now used only
in the infinitive, to wit, employed to call atten-
tion to a particular thing or specification, and
equivalent to namely, that is to say.

Wit (wit), n. Mind ; intellect ; understanding ; a
faculty or power of the mind ; felicitous associ-
ation of objects not usually connected, so as to
produce surprise ; humor ; burlesque ; a man of
genius, fancy, humor, etc. — Wit'ty, a. [Wit-
tier (-tl-er) ; Wittiest.] Having wit or hu-
mor ; good at repartee ; acute ; smart ; keen ;
satirical. — Wit'ti-ly, adv. — Wit'ti-ness, n. —
Wit'less (-ISs), a. Lacking wit ; dull ; indis-
creet. — Wit'less-ly, adv. — Wit'less-ness, n.
— Wit'ling (-ling), n. One with little wit; a
pretender to smartness. — Wit/ti-cism (-tT-
stz'm), n. A phrase affectedly witty ; a con-
ceit.

Witch (wYch), n. A sorcerer or sorceress; a
charming girl [Colloq.~\. — v. t. [Witched
(wYcht); Witching.] To bewitch; to fasci-
nate ; to enchant. — Witch'craf t' (-kraff), n.
Sorcery ; . enchantment. — Witch'er-y (-er-y),
n. Sorcery ; fascination ; charm.

With (wYtii), prep. By, — denoting cause, near-
ness ; association ; connection ; support ; as-
sistance ; instrument; means; comparison;
immediate subsequence, etc. — With-al' (wYtii-
aV), adv. With the rest ; likewise ; at the
same time. — prep. With.

With-draw' (wYth-dra/), v. t. [imp. Withdrew
(-dru/) ; p. p. Withdrawn (-dran') ; p. pr.
Withdrawing.] To take away ; to draw back ;
to retire ; to recall or retract. — v. i. To quit
a company or place ; to retire ; to recede ; to go
back. — With-draw'al (-al), n. A withdraw-
ing. — With-draw'er, n.

Withe (with), n. A lloxible twig or branch used
as a band. — v. t. [Withed (wYtht) ; Withing.]
To bind or fasten with withes.

With'er (wYth'er), v. i. & t. [Withered (-erd) ;
Withering.] To fade ; to dry up; to decay.

With'ers (wYth'erz), n. pi. The ridge between
the shoulder bones of a horse, at the bottom of
the neck.
With-hold' (wYth-hold'), v. I. [imp. With-
held (-he'ld') ; p. p. Withheld (Withhoi.den
(-hold''n), obs. or archaic) ; p. pr. Withhold-
ing.] To hold back ; to restrain ; to retain. —
With-hold'er, n.
With-ln' (wYth-Tn'). prep. In the inner or in-
terior part of ; inside of ; not beyond or exceed-
ing. — adv. Inwardly ; internally , in the house ;
Indoors.
Wlth-OUt' (wYth-ouf), prep. On the outside of ;

out of ; beyond ; independently of ; unless ; ex-
cept. — adv. Not within ; on the outside; out
of doors ; externally.

With-stand' (wYth-stand'), v. t. [Withstood
(-stood') ; Withstanding.] To oppose ; to re-
sist.

With'y (wYth^), n. A large species of willow;
a withe. —a. Made of withes; flexible and
tough.

Wit'less, Witling, etc. See under Wrr, n.

Wit'ness (wit'nes), n. Attestation of a fact or
event ; testimony ; proof ; one who beholds or
has personal knowledge of anything ; one who
gives testimony. — v. I. [Witnessed (-nSst) ;
Witnessing.] To see or know by personal
presence ; to give testimony to ; to attest ; to
certify ; to depose. — v. i. To bear testimony ;
to give evidence. — Wit'ness-er, n.

Wit'ti-Cism, Wit'ty, etc. See under Wit, n.

Wit'ting-ly (wit'ting-ly), adv. Knowingly ; with
knowledge.

Wive (wiv), v. i. & t. [Wived (wivd) ; Wiving.]
To marry, as a man ; to take a wife ; to wed. —
Wives, »., pi. of Wife.

Wiz'ard (wtz'erd), n. A magician; a conjurer;
a sorcerer. — a. Enchanting ; charming ;
haunted by wizards.

Wiz'en (wYz"n), a. Thin ; dried up ; weazen.

Woad (wod), n. Weld, an herbaceous plant, or
blue coloring matter derived from its leaves.

Woe (wo), n. Orief; misery; heavy calamity;
a curse; malediction. — Woe'-be-gone' (wo7-
be-g5n'), a. Overwhelmed with woe ; immersed
in sorrow. — Woe'iul (vvo'lul), Wo'ful, a. Full
of woe, sorrow, or distress ; doleful ; wretched ;
miserable; paltry. — Woe'ful-ly, Wo'ful-lV,
adv. — Woe'ful-ness, Wo'ful-ness, n.

Wold (wold), n. A wood ; a plain, or open coun-
try.

Wolf (wulf), n. A carnivorous animal of the dog
kind, given to
killing sheep ;
anything very
ravenous, fierce,
or destructive. —
Wolfish, a. Like
a wolf ; rapacious.

— Wolfs 'bane'

( wulfs'ban' ), ft.

A poisonous plant ; aconite.
Wol'ver-ine' (wul'ver-eu'), Wol'ver-ene', n.

carnivorous

mammal ; the

glutton.
Wom'an (w56m'- <

an ), n. ; pi. '

Women (wTm'-|

611). An adult

female of the

human race ; a >

female attend-
ant or servant.

— Wom'an-hood (-hood), n. State or character
of a woman ; women collectively. — Wom'an-
lsh, a. Suitable to a woman ; effeminate : not
becoming in a man. — WODl'an-kind' (-kind'),
n. The female sex. — Wom'an-ly, a. Becom-
ing in a woman ; feminine. — adv. In the man-
ner of a woman.

Womb (woom), n. The place where anything is
generated or produced.

American Gray Wolf.

Wolverine.

&, e, 1, 5, u, long ; a, C, 1, 0, 11, y, short ; senate, $vent, tdea, obey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, finuh

WOMBAT

491

WORLDLY

Wombat

Wombat (wSm'bat), n. An Australian burrowing

mammal of

the Opossum

family.
Won ( w Sn ) ,

»'»);>. A
of Win
Won'der (wttnf-
der), a. Bur-

3l m-
i s h m out; a

prodigy ; a miracle. — v. i. [Wondered (-derd) ;
Wondering.] To be affected by surprise or

admiration: to marvel ; to doubt. — Won'der-

er, n. — Won'der-ful. a. Adapted ;
wonder or admiration; amazing; astonishing;
surprising — Won'der-ful-ly. adv. — Won'der-
ment. ». Surprise ; wonder. — Won'drous
(wunMrfis), a. Marvelous; admirable. — adv.

In I wonderful degree. — Won'drOUS-ly, adv.

Won't (w5nt). A colloquial contraction of nil!
not.

Wont (wiint), a. Using or doing customarily ;
accustomed ; habituated. —n. Custom; habit ;
use. — 9. i. [imp. Wont; p. p. Wont or
Wonted ; p. pr. Wonting.] To be accustomed.

Woo (woo), V. t. [Wooed (wood); Wooing.] To
solicit in love; to invite with importunity.—
v. i. To court ; to make love. — Woo'er. ».

Wood (wi • ; \ collection of trees; .» forest ;

the hard substauce of trees; timber; fuel.—
r. /. [Wooded : WOODINO.] To supply with
wood, or get supplies Ol wood for. — v. L To
take in wood ; to supply with wood. — Wood'-
blne (wd6 Kbin ), n. A climbing plant ; houey-
sifckle ; Virginia
creeper. — Wood'-
ChUCk ( -clink ),
71. An American
burrowing rodent.
akin to the mar-
mot, which bur-
rows and is de-
structive to crops;
the ground hog.

— Wood'COCk 1,-kSk'), n. A long-billed game
bird of the Snipe family. — Wood'craff
(-kraff), n. Skill in shooting and other sports
in the woods. —Wood'CUt (-kutM, n. An en-
graving on wood ; an impression from such an
engraving. —Wood'cut ter, *. One who cuts

wood; an engraver on wood. — WOOd'ed, 0.

Supplied or covered with wood. — Wood'en

"iA. a. Hade of wood; clumsy; awk-
ward. — Wood fretter. An insect wli

bore beneath the bark of trees. — Wood'land

(-land), n. Land on which trees grow either for
fuel or timber. —WoDd'man (-man), i). A
sportsman : a hunter ; a woodcutter. — Wood'-

peck er (-pes er), a. A climbing bird, which

bill, and pecks boles in the wood

or bark of trees in pursuit of insects. — Wood

pigeon. The ringdove. — Wood screw. An

iron screw, h.w ing
a shari> thread, for
insertion in

— Wood'work
(-wPirk). n. That CTtw'

part of any structure which is wrought of wood.

— WOOd'y (->')• n. Abounding with, or con-
sisting of, 9 is. — Wood'1-ness, n.

*■

Woodchuck.

Woo'er (.woo'er), n, See under Woo.

Woof i, wool), n. The threads that cross ths warp
in weaving ; the welt.

Wool (worn), n. Sou, curled, or crisp*! hair
growing on sheep and some other animals. —
Wool'en (wdTJl'Su), a. Made or consisting of
wool; pertaining to wool. — n, Clotli made of
wool. — Wool'iell (-fed'), »• A skin with the
wooL — Wool'gath er-lng ( -gith er-Ing ), </.

Indulging in idle imaginings ; laneiful. — n. A
foolish or useless pursuit ; a vagary. — Wool'ly
(-ly), ct. Consisting of wool ; of the nature of
WOOl; clothed with wool or with a pubescence

hug wool. — Wooi'U-ness, ». — Wool'-
sack' (.-sSk ), ?i. A sack or bag of wool; the
scat ol the lord chancellor of England in the
House of Lords.
Word (wfird), n. Spoken or written sign of a
conception or idea) a term; talk; discourse;
message; order; affirmation; promise; conten-
tion.— V. t. To express in words. — Word

square. An arrangement of words

which can be read vertically and HEART

horizontally with like results. — EMBER

Word'ing,". The act or manner a BTJ S K

of expressing in words ; style of ex- R ESI D

pression ; phraseology. — Word'y t R B n I

.:. [WonniEU ;* Wokdiest. ] \\ l>r,i

Using many words; verbose. — Square.
Word'1-ness, n.

Wore (wdr), imp. of Wear, also of Ware.

Work (wfirk), v. i. LWorked (wftrkt); Work-
ing.] To labor; to operate; to act; to toil;
to strain; to ferment. — r. t. To labor upon;
to utilize or form by labor ; to accomplish j to
produce laboriously ; to manage ; to form with
a needle and thread ; to embroider; I
motion; to govern; to cause (liquor) to fer-
ment.— 7). Exertion of strength; effort di-
rected to an end ; matter On which one labors;
material fbr working upon ;' anything produced
as the result of labor : product ; fabric ; sffoot ;
result ; a composition ; ■ book ; a structure ; an
achievement. Work'bag' (-1 ag'). H. A bag
for holding Instruments or materials for work,

needlcwoik. — Work'DOX' (-W
A box for instruments or materials for work. —

Work'er. n. One who works; I lab.
ol the neuter individuals in a community of ants
or bees. — Work'nOUSC (-lions'). n. A house
where any manufacture is carried on ; a house

in which idle and vicious persons are confined to

labor; a house where t lit* poor arc maintained
St thfl public expense ; a poorhonse. — Work'-

man (-man), »■ One man employed in labor ;

a worker; skillful artificer or laborer. — Work'-

man-like (-Ha'), Work'man-ly, a. Be ing

a workman ; skillful; well performed. — Work'-
man-ship (-ship), n. skill of a workman;
manner of making anythinir ; thingmade or pro-
duced ; manufacture. -Work'Shop
7J. A shop where any inanulact lire is carried
on. — Work'ta ble (-ta'b'l), n. A table for

holding work. esp. needlework. — Work'wom'-
an (-woom /n), u. A woman who performs any
work ; lied in needlework.

World (wflrld), h. The earth ; globe ; universe ;
mankind; human affairs; life; all that the

ontains; a great number. — World'llng

(-line"), 7J. 0

■ nt*. — World'ly (-ly), a. Retating to

f$rn, recent, Orb, r^de, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, iijk, then, tllln.

WORLDLINESS

492

WRESTLER

Worm Gearing, a
Worm ; b Worm
Wheel.

the world ; human ; secular ; temporal. — adv.
In a worldly manner. — World'll-ness (wtirld'-
W-n8s), n. — World' - wide/ (-wid'), a. Ex-
tended throughout the world.

Worm (wfirm), ft. A creeping or crawling animal ;
a serpent, caterpillar, snail, etc. ; anything
spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm ; the
thread of a screw ; a short, revolving screw,
whose threads drive a wheel by gearing into its
teeth. — v. i. [Wormed (wflrmd) ; Worming.]
To work slowly and secretly ; to insinuate. —
v. I. To effect, remove, drive, etc., by slow and
secret means ; to extract ; to wind rope, yarn,
etc., spirally round.— Worm'-eat' en (-et"n),
a. Gnawed by worms. — Worm fence. A
zigzag fence, made of rails whose ends are sup-
ported upon each other. — Worm gearing.
Gearing consisting of a worm
and worm wheel, working
together. — Worm wheel.
A cogwheel whose teeth fit
into the spirals of a screw
called a worm, so as to
turn it or be turned by it.
— Worm/wood (-wd6d), n.
A plant of a bitter, nau-
seous taste. — Worm'y (-f),
a. [Wormier ( -T-er ) ;
Wormiest.] Containing
worms ; like a worm ; grovel-
ing.

Worn (worn), p. p. of Wear.

Wor'ry (w&r'ry), v. t. [Worried (-rTd) ; Worry-
ing.] To harass ; to torment ; to vex ; to annoy ;
to tease. — v. i. To express undue care and
anxiety ; to fret. — n. A state of disturbance ;
vexation ; anxiety ; trouble. — Wor'ri-er, ft.

Worse (wdrs), a., cornp. of Bad. Bad, ill, evil,
or corrupt, in a higher degree ; more sick. —
adv. In a manner more evil or bad. — Wors'en
(wuWn), v. t. To make worse ; to deteriorate.

Wor'ship (wuVship), n. Religious homage;
adoration; veneration; a title of respect. — v. t.
& i. [Worshiped (-shipt) or Worshipped ;
Worshiping or Worshipping.] To respect; to
honor ; to adore ; to reverence. — Wor'ship-er,
Wor'ship-per, n. — Wor'snip-ful, a. Entitled
to worship or high respect ; worthy of honor. —
Wor'ship-ful-ly, adv.

Worst (wQrst), a., superl. of Bad. Bad, evil, or
pernicious, in the highest degree ; most difficult.
— ft. The most severe, calamitous, or wicked,
state or degree, —v. t. [Worsted ; Worsting.]
To get the better of ; to defeat ; to overthrow.

Worst'ed (wiist'Sd or wur'stSd), n. Well-twisted
yarn, spun' of long-staple wool.— a. Made of
worsted.

Wort (wtirt), ft. A plant ; an herb ; — chiefly in
compounds.

Wort (wfirt), n. New beer unfermented, or in
the act of fermentation.

Worth (wfirth), v. i. To be ; to become ; — used
in poetry, etc. ; as, Woe worth the day, etc.

Worth (wfirth), ft. Quality of a thing which ren-
ders it useful ; value ; virtue ; merit ; excel-
lence ; rate. — a. Equal in value to ; deserving
of ; having wealth to the value of. — Worth'-
less, a. Destitute of worth ; having no value,
virtue, dignity, etc. ; undeserving ; useless ;
vile ; mean. — Worth'less-ness, v. — Wor'thy
(wflr'thy), a. [Worthier (-thT-er); Worthi-

est.] Having worth or excellence ; equal In
excellence, value, or dignity to ; entitled to i
deserving ; meritorious ; equivalent ; valuable ;
estimable ; suitable. — n. A man of eminent
worth ; a person of conspicuous desert. — Wor'*
thi-ly, adv. — Wor'thi-ness, n.

Wot (w5t), v. i. To know ; to be aware. [Obs.]

Would (wood), imp. of Well.

Wound (woond or wound), ft. A cut, stab,
bruise, rent, etc. ; hurt ; damage ; detriment. —
v. t. To hurt by violence ; to damage ; to pain.

Wound (wound), imp. &p. p. of Wind.

Wove (wov), imp. & p. p. of Weave. — Wov'en
(wov"n), p. p. of Weave.

Wran'gle (ran'g'l), v. i. [Wrangled (-g'ld) ;
Wrangling (-gllng).] To dispute angrily ; to
brawl ; to altercate. — ft. An angry dispute ; a
bickering ; a jangle ; contest ; controversy.

Wrap (rap), v. t. [Wrapped (r5pt) ; Wrapping.]
To wind or fold together; to envelop com-
pletely ; to hide. — Wrap'per, ft. One that
wraps; that in which anything is wrapped ; an
envelope ; covering ; a loose outer garment.

Wrath (rath), n. Violent anger; exasperation;
indignation ; rage ; fury ; punishment of an of-
fense. — Wrath'ful, a. Full of wrath ; very
angry ; passionate. — Wrath'ful-ly, adv.

Wreak (rek), v. t. [Wreaked (rekt) ; Wreak-
ing.] To execute in passion ; to inflict.

Wreath (reth), n. ; pi. Wreaths (rethz). Some-
thing twisted or curled ; a garland ; a chaplet.
— Wreathe (reth), v. t. [Wreathed (rethd);
Wreathing.] To twist; to convolve; to en-
circle; to infold. — v. i. To be entwined.—
Wreath/y (reth'y), a. Twisted ; curled ; spiral.

Wreck (r8k), n. Destruction ; ruin ; th*e de-
struction of a vessel by being cast on shore, or
sunk by the winds or waves ; the remains of
anything ruined. — v. t. [Wrecked (rgkt) ;
Wrecking.] To destroy or damage (a vessel)
by driving on rocks, causing to founder, etc. ;
to bring ruin upon : to
destroy. — Wreck ' age
(-aj), n. A wrecking;
anything wrecked ;
broken fragments. —
Wreck'er, n.

Wren (ren), n. A very
small bird, which feeds
on insects, etc., and is
very familiar with man.

Wrench (rgnch), v. t.
[Wrenched ( rSncht ) ;
Wrenching.] To

wrest, twist, or strain ; to sprain ; to distort. —
n. A violent twist, or pull with twisting ; a
sprain ; an instrument for turning bolts, nuts,
screw taps, etc.

House Wren.

Monkey Wrench.

Wrest (rSst), v. t. To turn ; to twist or extort ;
to twist from its natural meaning ; to pervert ;
to distort. — n. Violent twisting ; distortion.

Wres'tle (r5s''l), v. i. [Wrestled (-'Id) ; Wres-
tling (-lTng).J To contend by grappling ; to
struggle; to strive. — n. A struggle to throw
an antagonist.— Wres'tler (-ler), ?i.

fi, e, i, o, u, long ; a, 6, 1, 3, u, f, short ; reu&Us, €veut, Idea, 6bey, finite, c&re, arm, ask, alL final,

WRETCH

493

XTSTER

Wretch (rSch), n. A miserable person ; one
sunk in vice or degradation ; a scoundrel ; a
rascal. — Wretch'ed, a. Very miserable ; sunk
m affliction or distress ; calamitous ; worth-
less ; paltry ; mean. — Wretch'ed-ly, adv. —
Wretch'ed-ness, n.

Wrig'gle (rlg'g'l), v. i. & t. [Wriggled (-g'ld) ;
Wriggling. ]_ To move to and fro with short
motions. — wrig'gler, n.

Wright (rit), n. One engaged in some mechan-
ical business ; an artificer ; a workman ; —
chiefly in compounds.

Wring (ring), v. t. [Wrung (rung) ; Wringing.]
To twist and compress ; to pinch ; to turn and
strain ; to distress ; to torment ; to pervert ; to
extort ; to squeeze. — Wring'er, n.

Wrin'kle (rln'k'l), n. A small ridge or furrow ;
a crease ; uneveuness ; a fancy ; a whim. — v. t.
& i. [Wrinkled (-k'ld); Wrinkling.] To
contract into furrows; to corrugate. — Wrin'-
kly (-kl^), a. Full of wrinkles ; corrugated.

Wrist (rlst), n. The joint uniting the hand and
arm. — Wrist/band (nsfbcmd ; colloq. rTz'-), n.
The band of a shirt sleeve which covers the wrist.

Writ (rit), n. A thing written; the Scriptures;
the Bible ; a sealed legal instrument, directing
the conduct of the person addressed.

Write (rit), v. t. & i. [imp. Wrote (rot) ; p. p.
Written (rlt't'n) (Writ (rit), obs.) ; p. pr.
Writing.] To set down (legible characters) ;
to inscribe ; to communicate by letter ; to com-
pose or produce, as an author ; to record. —
Writ'er (rit'er), n. — Writ'ing, n. A forming
letters and characters ; anything written ; as, a
legal instrument ; a book ; an inscription.

Writhe (rlth), v. t. & t. [Writhed ( rTthd ).
(Weithen (rith'n), obs. or poet.)\ Writhing.]
To twist violently ; to wring ; to distort.

Wrong (r5ng), a. Not right ; not fit or suitable
to an end or object ; not according to truth ;
unjust ; faulty ; unfit ; improper ; mistaken. —
n. That which is not right ; an injury ; a tres-
pass. — adv. Not rightly ; amiss ; erroneously.

— v.t. [Wronged (rSngd); Wronging.] To
treat with injustice ; to injure. — Wrong'ly.
adv. — Wrong'ness, n. — Wrongful, a. Full
of wrong; injurious; unjust; unfair. — Wrong'-
lul-ly (r5ng'iul-ly), adv. — Wrong'headed
(-he'd'e'd), a. Wrong in opinion; perverse.

Wrote (rot), imp. of Write, v. I. & i.

Wroth (rath), a. Full of wrath; angry.

Wrought (rat), imp. &
p. p. of Work, v. t.
&i.

Wrung (rung), imp. &
p. p. of Wring, v. t.

Wry (ri), a. Turned to
one side ; twisted ; dis-
torted. — Wry'ness, n.

— Wry'neck/ (-n8k'),
n. A twisted neck;
stiff neck ; a bird of
the woodpecker kind,
which twists its neck
in a singular manner.

Wye (wi), n. ; pi. Wyes
( wlz ). One of two
forked pieces, shaped
like the letter Y> to
support the pivots of a telescope, level, etc.

Wrvncck.

Xan'thic (zaVthTk), a. Yellowish ; orange.

I Xan-thid'i-um (z5n-thTd'T-um), n. ; pi. Xan-

thilia (-a). A genus of minute water plants,

found in ditches and as fossils.
Xan'thin (zSn'thTn), n. A yellow coloring matter

contained in certain plants and the petals of

certain flowers.
HXan-thOX'y-lum (zXn-thSks'I-luin), n. Prickly

ash ; a genus of shrubs

whose bark and roots are

of a deep yellow color.
Xe'bec (ze'bSk), n. A

small three-masted ves-
sel, used in the Mediter-
ranean Sea.
Xer'if (zgrTf), n. An Arab

prin <■'.
Xe-roph'a-gy (ze-r5f'a-jy),

n. A diet of dry food,

practiced by the early

Christians in Lent and on

other fasts.
Xiph'oid (zYf'oid), a.

Like a sword ; ensiform.

— |lXiph'i-US (-T-us), n.

A cetacean with a horny

beak and two tusklikt

teeth in the lower jaw.
X ray. A Ronton ray.

Xanthoxylum.

Xy'lo-car'pous (zi/lo-kar'pOs), a. Bearing fruit
that becomes hard or woody.

Xy'lO-graph ( zi'lo-graf ), n. An engraving on
wood, or print from such an engraving. — Xy-
log'ra-pher (zt-log'ra-fer), n. One who prac-
tices xylography. — Xy'lo-graph'ic (-grXf'Tk),
Xy'lO-graph'ic-al (-T-k«l), «. Belonging to
wood engraving. — Xy-log'ra-phy (-15g'ra-fy),
n. Engraving on wood.

Xy-loph'a-gan (zt - 15f ' a - gflrn), n. An insect
whose larvae devour the wood of trees in which
they are developed. — Xy-loph'a-gOUS (-gus),
a. Eating or feedine on wood.

Xy-loph'i-lan (zt-15l'T-lun), v. A kind of beetle.
whose larva- live on decayed wood. — Xy-loph'-
i-lOUS (-liis), a. Living on decayed wood.

Xy'lO-phone (/i'16-fon), n. A musical instru-
ment with bars of sonorous wood.

HXy'rls (zl'rfs), n,

sedge.
Xys'ter (?.Wt%r), n.

scraping bones.

Xylophone.
Yellow-eyed grass

a kind of
A surgical instrument for

ffirn, rec«nt, Orb, rude< full, urn. food, foot, out, oil. chair, go, sing, l^k, then, thin.

494

YEOMAN

T (wl), n. ; pi. Y's (wiz) or Ys. A wye or forked
support of a telescope, level, etc. ; a section of
railroad track, consisting of two convei'ging
tracks connected by a cross track.

Yacht.

Yacht (y5t), n. A light, fast-sailing vessel, for
pleasure trips, racing, etc. — Yachts'man (y5ts'-
mrtn), n. One who owns or sails a yacht. —
Yacllt'ing,^«. A sailing in a yacht.

Ya'ger (ya'ger or ya'ger), n. One of a body of
infantry armed with rifles.

Yak (yak), n. An animal of the ox kind, inhabit-
ing Central Asia ; the grunting ox; the sarlac.

Yam (yam), n. A tropical climbing plant whose
root, when roasted or boiled, is a nutritious
food.

Yan'kee (ySn'ke), n. A citizen of New England,
of the Northern States, or of the United States.
— a. Pertaining to Yankees. — Yan'kee-ism
(-Tz'm), n. An idiom or characteristic of
Yankees.

Yap (yap), v. i. To bark ; to yelp.

Yard (yard), n. A standard English and Ameri-
can measure of length (3 feet, or 3G inches) ; a
long, slender timber, suspended upon a mast,
to extend a sail. — Yard'arm/ (-'arm'), n. Either
half of a ship's yard, from the center or mast
to the end. — Yard'stick' (-stTk'), Yard' wand'
(-w5nd'), n. A stick three feet in length, used
as a measure of cloth, and the like.

Yard (yard), n. A small, inclosed place around
a house or barn.

Yam (yiirn), n. Woolen thread ; thread spun
from cotton, flax, hemp, or silk , a story spun
out [Co/lnq.].

Yar'row (yar'ro), n. A plant of strong odor and
pungent taste ; milfoil.

Yat'a-ghan (y5t'a-gan), n. An ataghan, or long
Turkish dagger.

Yaw (ya), v. i. [Yawed (yad) ; Yawing.] To
steer wild, or out of the course. — n. A move-
ment of a vessel out of her proper course.

Yawl (yal), n. A ship's small boat, usually
rowed by four or six oars.

Yawl (yal), v. i. To cry out like a dog ; to yell.

Yawn (yan), v. i. [Yawned (yand) ; Yawning.]
To open the mouth involuntarily through drow-
siness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape. — n. A

deep inspiration, with wide opening of the

mouth ; a gape.

Yaws (yaz), n. A tropical disease characterized
by contagious tumors.

Y-Cleped< (T-klepf), p. p. Called ; named. [Obs.]

Ye (ye), pron., pi. of Thou. You.

Yea (ya or ye), adv. Yes ; ay. — n. An affirma-
tive vote.

Yean (yen), v. t. & i. [Yeaned (yend) ; Yean-
ing.] To bring forth ( a kid or a lamb ). —
Yean'ling, n. The young of sheep ; a lamb.

Year (yer), n. Time of the apparent revolution
of the sun through the ecliptic ; period occu-
pied by the earth in moving around the sun, —
computed as 365 days, and every fourth year as
3G6 days. — Year'ling, n. An animal one year
old. — a. Being a year old. — Year'ly, a. Hap-
pening or coming every year ; annual; lasting a
y^ar. — adv Annually; once a year; from
year to year.

Yearn (yern), v. i. [Yearned (yernd) ; Yearn-
ing.] To be filled with longing desire or with
affection or tenderness ; to be eager. — Yearn'-
ing, n. Strong desire.

Yeast (yest), n. The foam or froth of ferment-
ing beer or other liquor ; barm. — Yeast'y, a.
Frothy ; foamy ; spumy, like yeast.

Yelk (yelk), n. The yellow part of an egg.

Yell (yel), v. i. & t. [Yelled (yeld) ; Yelling.]
To cry out or scream as with agony or horror.
— n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry

Yel'lOW (yel'16), a. Being of the color of gold
or brass. — n. A golden color. — Yel'lOW-ness,
n. — Yel'lOW-bird' (-berd'), n.
goldfinch ; the
common yellow
warbler. — Yel-
low lever. A
malignant fe-
brile disease of
warm climates,
attended with
yellowness of
theskin.— Yel'-
lOW - ham'mer
( -ham'mer ), n.
A European finch ; the American flicker. —
Yellow Jack. Yellow fever; the quarantine
flag. — Yellow jacket. An American social
wasp, marked with bright yellow, and having a
very painful sting. — Yellow spot. A depres-
sion in the center of the retina, where vision is
most acute. — Yel'lOW-ish, a. Somewhat yel-
low. — Yel'low-ish-ness, n. — Yel'lows (-loz),
n. A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and
sheep ; jaundice ; a disease of peach trees, caus-
ing them to produce abortive yellow sprouts.

Yelp (ySlp), v. i. [Yelped (ySlpt) j Yelping.]
To utter a sharp, quick cry. as a hound ; to
bark shrilly. — n. A sharp c.y of pain or fear.

II Yen (yen), n. The Japanese unit of value, rep-
resented by gold and by silver coins.

Yeo'man (yo'innn), n. ; pi. Yeomen. A common
man of a respectable class ; a freeholder ; a
ship's inferior officer charged with the stow-
age, account, and distribution of the stores. —

The American

Yellow-hammer.

a, e, I, o, C, long ;&,«,!, o, ii, y, short; sen&te, Svent, Idea, fcbey, finite, cftre, arm, ask, all, final,

YEOMANEY

495

ZEBU

Yeo'man-ry (-rjf), n. The collective body of
yeomen or freeholders.

Yerk (yerk), v. t. To kick or strike suddenly ; to
jerk. — n. A jerk.

Yes (yes), adv. Ay; yea; — a word expressing
affirmation or consent.

Yes'ter (yeVter), a. Of or pertaining to yester-
day ; last. — Yes'ter-day (-da), n. The day last
past, or next before the present. — adv. On
the day preceding to-day. — Yes'ter-evo7 (-eV),
Yes'ter-e'ven-ing (-eVn-fng or -eVnlng), n.
The evening last past. — Yes'ter-mom' (-mbrn'),
Yes'ter-morn'ing, n. The morning of yester-
day. — Yes'ter-night' (-nit/), n. Last night;
the night last past. — adv. On the last night.

Yet (ySt), adv. In addition ; further ; besides ;
over and above ; still ; thus far ; hitherto ; at
least ; at all. — conj. Nevertheless ; notwith-
standing ; however.

Yew (u), n. An evergreen tree allied to the pines.

Yield (yeld), v. t. To
furnish ; to afford ;
to render ; to give in
return for what is ex-
pended or invested ;
to give up (something
claimed^ ; to admit to
be true ; to concede ;
to permit ; to grant.
— v. i. To give up the
contest ; to submit ;
to comply ; to give
way ; to give place. —
n. Amount yielded ;
product. — Yield ' er,

n. — Yield'ing, a. Inclined to give way or com-
ply ; flexible ; compliant ; accommodating. —
Yield'ing-ly, adv. — Yield'ing-ness, n.

Yo'del (yoMel), Yo'dle (-d'l), v. t. & i. To sing,
like Swiss mountaineers, suddenly changing
from the head voice to the chest voice, and the
contrary. — n. A song thus executed.

Yoke (yok), n. That which connects or binds ;
bond of connection ; a frame coupling two oxen
together for drawing ; a frame on the neck
shaped like an ox yoke ; a mark of servitude ;
slavery ; bondage ; a couple ; a pair that work
together. — v. t. [Yoked (yokt) ; Yoking.] To

Yew.

put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke ; to couple ;
to confine ; to enslave. — Yoke'iel'low (-fSl'lfc),
Yoke'mate' (-mat'), n. An associate.

Yolk (yolk or yok), n. The yelk of an egg ; an
oily secretion from the skin of sheep.

Yon (y5n), a. At a distance within view. — adv.
Yonder. [Obs. or Poet.] — Yon'der (ySn'der),
a. Being at a distance within view. — adv. At
a distance within view.

Yore (yor), adv. In old time ; long_since.

You (u), pron. [Possess. Your (ur) or Yours
(urz) ; obj. You.] The pronoun of the second
person, nominative or objective case, singular
or plural.

Young (yung), a. [Younger (yun'ger) ; Young-
est (-ge"st).] Not long born ; juvenile ; inexpe-
rienced. — n. The offspring of animals. — With
young. With child ; pregnant. — Young'ish
(yung'ish), a. Somewhat young. — Young'-
ling (-ling), n. A young person ; a youth ; an
animal in the first part of life. — Young'ster
(-ster), n. A young person ; a lad. — Youn'ker
(yun'ker), n. A young person ; a stripling.

Your (ur), pron., possess, of You. Belonging,
pertaining, or relating, to you ; of you. — Your-
self' (ur-sglF), pron. ; pi. Yourselves (-sSlvz').
Your own person or self.

Youth (uth), n. ; pi. Youths (uths), or collectively
Youth. State of being young ; juvenility ; the
part of life succeeding childhood ; a young man ;
young persons
collectively. —
Youth 'ful (iith'-
ful), a. Not yet
mature ; young ;
pertaining to the
early part of life ;
fresh ; vigorous.
— Youth 'iul-ly,
adv. — Youth'ful-
ness, n.
Yu'en (yu'en), n.
A tree - dwelling
ape of Eastern
Asia, having very
long arms.
Yule (iil), n. Christ-
mas.

Yuen.

Z.

Zaf'fer (zSf'fer], n. Impure oxide of cobalt.

Zam'DO (zSm'bo), n. The child of a mulatto and
negro, also of an Indian and negro.

Za'ny (za'ny), n. A merry-andrew ; a buffoon.
— Za'ny-ism (-Tz'ni), n. Buffoonery.

Zeal (zel), 11. Passionate ardor ; eagerness in
favor of a person or cause. — Zeal'ot (zgl'St),
n. One who is zealous or over-zealous ; an en-
thusiast ; a fanatical partisan ; a religionist. —
Zeal'ot-ry (-ry), n. Excessive zeal ; fanati-
cism. — Zeal'OUS (/.Sl'iis), a. Filled with zeal ;
fervent ; hearty ; strenuous ; passionate ; en-
thusiastic. — Zeal'ous-ly, adv. — Zeal'ous-
ness, n.

Ze'bec (ze'bgk), n. See Xebec.

Ze/hra (ze'bra), n. A South African quadruped, re-
sembling a horse, and marked with dark stripes.

Ze/bU (ze'bu), n. A small animal of the ox kind,
peculiar to India, having pendulous ears and a
fatty excrescence on the shoulders.

fern, recent, Orb, r\)de, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, cnair, go, sing, ink, Mien, thin.

ZEDOARY

496

ZYTHUM

Zed'O-a-ry (zSd^-a-r^), n. An aromatic medici-
nal substance, used as a stimulant. It is ob-
tained from the East Indies.

HZee'koe (za'koo), n. A hippopotamus.

llZeh'ner (tsa'ner), n. An Austrian silver coin
worth ten kreutzers, or about five cents.

||Ze-na'na (ze-na'na), n. The women's part of a
dwelling in India.

Zenith (ze'nlth), n. The point in the heavens
directly overhead ; the greatest height.

Zeph/yr (zeFer), n. The west wind ; poetically,
a gentle breeze.

Ze'ro (ze'ro), n. Cipher; 0; nothing; naught;
the point from which a thermometer, etc., is
graduated.

Zest (zest), n. Originally, a piece of orange peel,
used to give flavor to liquor, or the oil it con-
tains ; anything that gives a pleasant taste ;
keen enjoyment ; relish. — v. t. To flavor.

Zib/et (zlb'et), n. A small quadruped, resem-
bling the weasel, found in India and Africa.

Zig'zag/ (zfg'zSg'), a. Having short, sharp turns.

— n. Something that has short angles. — v. t.
[Zigzagged (-zagd') ; Zigzagging.] To form
with short turns. — v. i. To turn abruptly and
often.

Zinc (zlnk), n. A bluish white metal ; 6pelter. —
Zin-cii'er-ous (zln-sTfer-us), Zlnk-ii'er-ous
(zlnk-Tfer-us), a. Containing or affording
zinc. — Zink'y (zink'^), a. Pertaining to, or
like, zinc. — Zin-COgTa-plier (zTn-k5g'ra-ier),
n. An engraver on zinc. — Zin'co-graph'ic
(zTn'ko--gr5f'ik), Zin'co-graph/ic-al (-I-kol), a.
Pertaining to zincography. — Zin-COg'ra-phy
(zTn-kog'ra-f^), n. En-
graving on zinc in the
style of wood cuts. —
Zinc'ous (zTnk'us), a.
Pertaining to zinc, or
to the positive pole of
a galvanic battery.

Zir'con (zer'kon), n. A
mineral or gem, found
in Ceylon, occasionally
red, and often nearly
transparent.

Zith'er (zTth'er), n. A
German musical instru-
ct e n t , having wires
strung over a sounding-
board, which are vibra-
ted by both hands of
the player.

Zo'di-ac (zo'dT-5k), n.
An imaginary belt in
the heavens, forming
the path of the suu,
and comprising the
twelve constellations
from which are named the signs of the zodiac.

— Zo-di'ac-al (z§-di'a-kal), a. Pertaining to,
or within, the zodiac. — Zodiacal light. A
luminous track, lying nearly in the ecliptic,
Been after twilight and before dawn.

ilZoll've-rein' (ts61'f>-ruV), ». A customs union
among the German States.

Zone (zSn), n. A girdle ; one of the five great
divisions of the earth, with respect to latitude
and temperature ; a band or stripe running
round any object ; circumference.

Zo-bg'ra-phy (zi-og'ra-f^), n. A description of
animals, their forms and habits. — Zo-Og'ra-
pher *(-fer), n. One versed in zobgraphy. —
Zo/S-graph/ic (z6v6-gT5f'Tk), Zo'b-graph'lc-al
(-i'-kal), a. Descriptive of animals.

Z0-bl'0-gy (zo-ol'6-jy^), n. The natural history of
animals, and their classification, structure,
habits, etc. — Zo-bl'0-gist (-jTst), n. One versed
in the natural history of animals. — ZCb-log'lC-
al (zo'6-loj'T-kol), a. Pertaining to zoology.

Zo-bn'lC (z6-5n'Ik), a. Pertaining to animals;
obtained from animal substances.

Zo-bn'o-my (zt-$n't-n<f), n. The science of an-
imal lile.

Zo-bph/a-gOUS (z6-5f'a-gus), a. Feeding on ani-
imals.

Zo'b-phyte (zo'o-fit), n. A plantlike animal ; a
polyp, sponge, coralline, etc. — Zo^-phyt^C
(-iltfik), Zo'b-phyt'ic-al (-T-kal), a. Pertain-
ing to zoophytes. — Zo-bph'y-tol'0-gy (zo-of'I-
tol'o-jy" or zo'o-i\-), n. The natural history of
zoophytes.

Zo-bt'0-my (zt-Wo-mf), n. The anatomy of an-
imals ; comparative anatomy. — Zo-bt'0-mist
(-mist), n. One who dissects animals; a com-
parative anatomist. — Zo'b-tom'ic-al ( zo'fc-
t5mt-kal), a. Pertaining to zootomy.

Zouave (zwav or zod-aV), n. One of an Arab
tribe in Algeria; one of any body of soldiers
adopting the dress and drill of the Zouaves.

Zu-mol'o-gy (zfi -mol'6-
jy), n. See Ztmology.

Zyg'o-mat'lc (zig'o-

maVTk or zi'go-), a.
Pertaining to the
cheek bone.

Zy'lon-ite (zi'15n-It), n.
A composition resem-
bling celluloid.

Zy-mol'o-gy ( zt-m5l'i-
jy), n. Science of the
fermentation of liquors.

— Zy-mol'o-gist (-jTst),

n. One skilled in zy-
mology. — Zy'mo-log'-
lc-al (zi'mo'-lbjl-kal),
a. Pertaining to zymol-

ogy. — Zy - mom ' e - ter

(-mbm'e-ter), Zy'mO-

Elm'e-ter (-mi-stni't-

ter), n. An instrument
for gauging fermenta-
tion of liquids, and the
heat produced in fer-
at- mentation. — Zy-mot'-

iC (-mStTk), c- Pertaining to fermentation. —
Zymotic disease. Any epidemic, endemic, con-
tagious, or sporadic affection produced by some
morbific principle acting on the system like a
ferment.
HZy'thum (zi'thum), n. A malt beverage; a
liquor made from malt and wheat.

a, e, I, o, fl, long , a, e, 1, 5, ii f, short; senate, event, Tdea, 5bey, finite, care, arm, ask, all, final,
fgrn, recent, Orb, rude, full, urn, food, foot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, tlien, thin.

A
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY

OF

BIBLICAL, CLASSICAL, MYTHOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL,
AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROPER NAMES.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS VOCABULARY.

B. Biblical History and Geography.

C. Classical History, Geography, and Mythology.
E. Egyptian History, Geography, and Mythology.
H. Hindoo History, Geography, and Mythology.
M. Modern History and Geography.

N. Norse History, Geography, and Mythology (including Old German).

Note. — Foreign sounds are represented by the English sounds most nearly equivalent.

Aar, Br, or Aren, a'ren, M.

Aargau. sir'^ou. M.

Aaron, ar'un, B.

Abaddon. a-bad'do'n, B.

Abadiaa. M/a-dl'as, H.

Abancay. a-ban-kl', M.

Abba, aVba, K.

Abbeville. France, ab'vel'; 5. G.ub'-
b.-vii. M.

AbdaUa, ab-diiKla. M.

Abdel Kader. iibd-el-kii'dSr ; writ-
ten also Abdul-Kadir. M.

Abdera, ah-de'ra, C.

Abdias. ab-dl'aa, /;.

Abdul Mejidw AbdoulMedjid, abd'-
Ool-m<-jed', M.

Abednego. a-bCd'nS-gd, B.

Abel, a'bel, B.

Abelard. fib'6-lard. X

Abercromby or Abercrombio, abr5r-
krfim-bt, M.

Aberdeen, Bb-fr-rlen', M.

Abergavenny. ftb'Sr-^a'nl, It.

Abernethy, ab'8r-n8-thl ; Scot, Bb-

Ablancourt. Hb'lOv'kdor', M.

Abia <>- Abiah, a-b!'a. B.

Abiathar, a-bl'a-thar, B.

Abib. a'bTb. /;.

Abida or Abidah. a-bl'di, B.

Abidan. ab'l-dftn, B.

Abiel. .i-bl'fl. B.

Abiezer a'bY-e'zCr, B.

Abigail ab'Y-gBL B.

Abihu. a-bi'ln, B.

Abijah. a-lrt'ja, B.

Abilene, Bb'i-le'ne\ B. fr C. ; fib'I-

irn. M.
Abimelech. d-bTm'M'k, B.
Abinadab, a-bln'a-dBb, B.
Abiner, Bb'T-nSr, B.
Abinoam, a-bTnT)-am, B.
Ablram. a-bl'ram, B.
Abisei. ab'T-ee'T. li.
Ablshag. ab'T-hag, B.
Abishal i-bTsh'i-T, B.
Abishur. ab'T-shEr, B.
Abitnb. ab'T-tab, B.
Abiud, d-bl'nd, B.

■\,i-j.

Abner. ab'n?r, B,

Abo a'br. : $w. Abo, B'b<5o, V.

Abookeer, Aboukir, or Abukir, i

b.Tc/ker'. M.
Abou-Bekr = Abi'-Bkkr, M.
Abraham, a'bra-b&in, B.
Abram, a'bram, B.
Absalom. ab'sa-18m; -Ion, -ISn, B.
Abaecom, ab-se'kfim, .)/.
Abu Bekr or Abou-Bekr,

be"k"r. .1/.
Abyssini. Bb'Ts-sT'nT, V.
AbysBinia, ab'Ts-sin'T-a, M.
Academia, ak'u-de'mt-a, C.
Acantha, a-kan'tha ; Acanthus,

A-kan'thi
Acapulco, a-kii-pool'ko, M.
Acarnania. ak'ar-na'nY-a, C.
Accaron. ak'ka-iQii, B.
Accho, ak'ko, />'.
Achaea, a-ke'a ; Achaei, a-k5'I, C.
Achaia, a-ka'va, B. if C.
Achan. a'kdn, B.
Achar, a'kiir. B.
Achates, d-ka'tez, C.
Acheen. at-chen'. M.
Achelous, ak'e-lo'us. C. &i M.
Acheron, Bk'P-r5n, C
Achillas, a-kll'l«s ; Achilles, a-kil'-

16/. C.
Achilleus, d-kll'lc-Qs or a-kil'iQs,

C.
Achito, a-k§'tft, K
Acra. a'kra. C.
Acra or Accra, ak'rd, M.
Acre, u'kCr or a'kfr. It.
Acropolis, a-kr6p'8-lTa, C.
Actaeon, ak-te'ou; Actaeus. ak-te'tls,

C
Actium, Bk'ahT-um ; Actius, Bk'-

, C.
Adadah. Bd'a-di, B.
Adah, a' 'I a, /;.
Adaiah, ad'a-I'n. B.
Adair. ;i dar'. il

Adalia. a.l'a-ll'a. B. ; a-da'ie-a, if.
Adam, ad'im, /;.
Adami S'l'ii-ml, B.
Adana a-1'u-t.a. C
Adar a'dar, B.
Adel. T-deV< Africa, a-dai'
Adelaide, ttd'S-lfld, M.

a-d.'nB. .)/.
M.

Adelard, ad'fl-ard, or Athelard.
Btli'el-ard, M.

Aden. S'd'n ; Arab, a'd'n, M.

Adherbal. ttd-hC r'bal, C.

Adiel. S'dMl, B.

Adige. ad'T-j? : It. a'd?-jt, M.

Adirondack. ad'T-rSu'dak, M.

Adlai. ad'14, or id'14-I, B.

Admah. ad'ma, B.

Admatha. ad'ma-tha, B.
; Adnah, ad' mi, B.

Adona. a<l'r>-na. B.
! Adonias, ad'fi-m'ns, B.

Adonibezek. :i-d8n'l-be''zSk, B.

Adonyah, ad'o-iil'jd, B.

Adonikam, a-dOn'T-k&ni, B.

Adoniram. ad'6-nl'rim, B.

Adonis, a-do'nTs, C.

Adoram, a-do'ram, B.

Adour, a/d<56r', M.

Adrain, ft-drSn , M.

Adrammelech, a-dram'f-lFk, B.

Adramytteum, ad'rd-mTt-te'nm, or
-tium, -mit-tl'Qm, or -uiit'ti-iiin,
/: x C.

Adria, a'drT-a. B. : a'dr?-a, M.

Adrianople. ad'rT-aii-6'p'l, if.

Adriatic, nd'rr-at'lk, it.

Adullam. u-drd'iam, B.

^acus. e'ii-kus, C.

Aedias a'P-dl'as. B.

iEdiles. P-dT'lCz, C.

^Idilus. gd'Wa*. C.

JEg&x. r-je'f : -on, -5n ; -m, -as, C.

^gean, aen, *-je'an, if.

iEgeria. P-jJ'rI-4, V.

^E^ina, f-jl'na, C.

iEgira. *-|T'r;'i, C

I

-Egos Potamos, Vafit p6t'a-m5s, C.

^gyptus. f-iip'taa, C.

JEha O'H-ii. C.

Emilia. r-inil'T-a i ^milius.-T-ns, C

*nea», or' Corinth, e'uC-a», B. ; of

Vrnff, f-ne'(J8, C.
^Encis. P-ni'Ts, C.
^netus. P-nS'tfla, C.
^nobarbus. 5'tio-bar'bQs, C.
iEnou, i'non, B.
itolia. r-fl'li-a. c
iEolls. r'--lis : ^olus. €'6-lB», C.
iEqui. I'kwl, ( .

Z, 8, 1, 5, Q, long ; B, £, T, 5. n, y, abort : «en!tte, event, tdea, Obey, finite, cure, arm. iV*k, nil, final.
fSrn. recent, 5rb, r^de, full, urn, food, fdot, out, oil, chair, no, sing, ink, then, thin, bow.

4«J7

JEroe. B'rrt or B'rC, 31.
Aerope, a-ei^o-pe, C.

.SropUB, mountain, t-r'A-pag, C.
iEacnineB, es'kY-nez, C.
/EschyluB, Cs'kl-lus, V.
.ffsculapiua, es'ku-la'pY-Bs, C.
.ffisir. e^5r, X
•dEsopua, C-so'pBs, C. ; iEsop, e'sfip,

Ethiopia, e-thT-5'pT-a, C.

.ffithiops, e'tliY-Ops, C.

.fftolia. r-to'll-a, C.

Afghanistan, iit-gan'Ts-tan', M.

Africa, at'rY-ka, C V 31.

Africanus, afrY-ka'iiB*, C.

Agaba._a^'u-l)a ; Agabua, -bfls, B.

Agag. S'g&g, A'-

Agamemnon. Bg'a-me'm'nBn, C.

Aganippe, ag'd-nYp'pe", C

Agape. a^'a-pe", C.

Agar, a'g;ir, /;.

Agassiz,_ ag'a-sS or a-gas'sTz i F.

a'gas'se'', 31.
Agatha, Bg'a-tha, C. Sr J/.
Agathon, ag'a-th5n, C.
Agave, a-ga'vf, C.
Agen, a^hON', il/._
Agesilana, a-jcR'Y-la'fis, C
Aggenus, fig-je'nfis, C.
Aggeua. a^-je'fis, B. _
Agincourt, a/zhax'koor', 31.
Aglaia, Bg-la'Y-a or Bg-ia'ya, C
Agora, ag'o-ra, C.
Agra, a'grd, C. ; ii'gra, M.
Agricola, a-grYk'u-la, ('.
Agrigenttun, ag'rt-jeii'tam, C.
Agrippa, a-grlp'pa, B. «r C.
Agrippina. ag/rtp-pl'rna, C.
Aguas Calientes, a'gwas kS'lu-Sn'-

t s, 31.
Agnilar, a-ge-liir', 31.
Agulhas, a-gooKyas, 31.
Agur, a'ge"r, B.
Ahab, a'Tifil), B.
Ahala, a-ha'la, C.
Aharhel. a-kar'hel, B.
Ahasuerus, n-has'n-e'rBs, B.
Ahavah, a-ha'va, B.
Ahaz, a'hfi/, /?.
Ahazai. Mtoz'tA. B.
Ahaziah, a'ha-zT/a, B.
Ahiah, a-hi'i'i, B.
Ahiam, a-ln'am, B.
Ahijah, a-hi/ja, B.
Ahikam, d-ht'kain, B.
Ahimelech, a-hYm'f-lGk, B.
Ahinoam, u-hYn'o-am, /;.
Ahithophel, a-htth'u-fei, B.
Ahitub, a-hi/tfib, B.
Ahmed, a'niGd, or Achmet, ak'mCt,

M.
Ahmedabad, a'triGd-a-bad', 31.
Amhednuggur. a/riiGd-nfig/'g5r, M.
Aholiab, a-Tio'll-ab, B.
Ahriman, a-re"-man' or a'rY-man,

Persian.
Ai, a'T, B.

Aiah, 5-i'a, or Ajah, a'ja, B.
Aidin, t-den', 31.
Aijah, M'ja or a'ja, B.
Aijaleth. S^ja-lEth or aj'a-lSth, B.
Aiialon, a'ja-15n, B.
Aiken, a' ken, M.
Ain, a' In, B. ; &v, M.
Ai8ne, an, M.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Sks-la-sha'pel' ; G.

Achen. a'ken, M.
Ajaccio. ii-yat'chO, 31.
A, ah, a'ja, B.
Ajalon. aj'a-15n, B.
Ajax, a'jBks, C.
A if. a'jf, .)/.
Akan, a'kBn, B.

Akbar. ak'b&r ; Hind. tik'Wr. 31.
Akerman, a'kSr-man, .1/.
Akshehr. Akchehr. or Akacheher,

Mc-ahSr' or -sh&'Sr, M.
s, d-koo'las, 31.

498

Alabama, ai'a-ba'ma, 31.

Aladdin, a-'.ad'dln ; Arab. Ala-ed-

Din, a-la'ed-deii', M.
Alais. ii-la', M.
Alamoth. ai'a-mSth, B.
Aland, ti'land ; Sw. o'liind, M.
Alaricna, ftl'a-rl'kQs, C. ; Alaric,

ai'a-rik, M.
Alava, al'a-va, M.
Albacete, al-ba-thl'tft, M.
Albania, al-bfi'nl-4, C. Sf M.
Albano, al-ba'nft, .)/.
Albans, St., sant iil'bmiz, M.
Albany, arba-nl, M.
Albermarle, aKbe-marl, M.
Alberoni. al'bS-io'nC, M.
Albion. airbT-6n, C.
Albuquerque, aUboo-kCr'kft or Bl'-

buo-kCik, J/.iflL
Alca.'iz, al-kiin^th', 31.
Alcantara, al-kiin'ta-rii. 31.
Alceste. ai-sFs'tf, o> ■ Alcestis, -tTs, C.
Alcibiades. ftKsT-M'a-dez, C.
Alcides. al-el'dez, ('.
Alcimachus. ai-eTm'a-kfie: Alcimede,

-r-d:; Alcimedon, -C-dOn; Alci-

menes, -f-nez, C.
Alcimus. ai'st-tnus, B. S( C.
Alcuin, ai'kwin, 31.
Alderney, nl'deY-nY, 31.
Aldrich. al'drtch or ftl'drYj, 31.
Aldui. ai'dtle ; It. A'ldo. al'dS, 31.
Alecto. a-lGk'tfi: -tor, -t5r, C.
Aleman, al'inSN' or a'k-moN^ 31.
Alemanni, ai'e-man'nl, or Alemani,

ai'P-ina'nl, C.
Alembert, ii'lON'oar', 31.
Alemeth. aKC-meth.o/a-le'mifth, B.
Alencon, KlSN'tfiN', 31.
Alentejo, ii-lON-ta'zho, M.
Aleppo, a-li'p'pf., 31.
Alessandria, al-es-8an/'dr5-a, M.
Aleutian, a-lu'shT-an, .)/.
Alexander, aKegz-an'dSr, B., C, Sf

31.
Alexandra, ai'Cgz-an'dra, B., C, fr

Alexandria, a woman, ai'Pgz-an'-
dn-a, (J. ; a city, modern /iron.
ai'c'gz-an'drT-a ; classical pron,
ai'rgz-an-drl'a, B., C, S," 31.

Alexandrina, ai'cgz-an-dil'na, C.

Alexis, a-1 ks'Is, C. & M.

Alfieri, aMS'trS, M.

Algarotti, iil-ga-rot'tf, 31.

Algarve, iil-gar'v-t, or Algarbia, ai-
gfif'bc-a, 31.

Alscria, SI-je'rT-a, 31.

Algiers, ftl-jerz', 31.

Algoa, ai-^o'a, 31.

Alnama, a-la'ma, 31.

AU, ii'15, M.

AUah, a-ll'a, B.

Alicant, al-t-kant', or Alicante, a'lC-
kiin'tlf, 3f.

AUghieri. ii'lf-gf-a'rf, 31.

Allahabad, aKla-ha-bad', 31.

AUe, al'le, 31.

Allegany, Alleghany, or Allegheny,

Allma,

Alloa, ai'lu-a, 31.

Almaden, iil-ina-dGn', M.

Almeida, al-mS'S-da, 31.

Almeria. iil-ml-re'a, 31.

Almodad, ai-tno'dad, B.

Alnathan, ai'iia-tlum, B.

Alnwick, an'nTk, 31.

Alpha, ftl'14, B. t( C.

Alphaeus, ai-fe'fis, B.

Alphea, Bl-fe'd, C

Alphenor, ftl-fe'nSr; -nus, -ntis, C.

Alpheus, ni-('G'tls, 1). Sf C.

Alphius, aKlY-fis, C.

Alpinus, ai-pl'nfis, C.

Alsace, nrsiis", 31.

Altai, iil-tl', .)/.

Altamaha, al'tii-ma-ha'', 31.

ai' le, m.
jany, Alleghany,

iP-ga'nf, At.
ia, aKin'', 31.

ANATHOTH

Aii^na, iil'tft-nii, 31.

Altenburg, al'ten-bo^rg, 31.

Altona, aPto-nii or ai-tO'na, 31.

Altoona. ai-too,nd, M.

Alvah, Bl'va; Alvan, ai'van, B.

Alvarado, iil-vii-rii'do, 31.

Alvarez, l'a. al'vii-res ; Sn. aKva-

reth, 31.
Amadatha, a-mad'a-tha, B.
Amadeo, a-nia-da'6, 31.
Amadeus, am-a-de'ns, 31.
Amadi, ii-inii'dT, 31.
Amalaric, am-ftKa-rik, 31.
Amalek. run'a-lek, B.
Amain, ii-mal'lf, 31.
Amalric, a-mai'ilk or a-mal'rtk,

M.
Aman, a'man, B.
Amana, am'a-na or a-nia'nii, B.
Amari, ii-ina'rt, 31.
Amariah, an/a-ii'd, B.
Amaryllis, ani'a-rYKltt. C.
Amasa. amra-sa or a-mS^sa, B.
Amasea, am'a-he'a, or Aniasia, -sl'a,

Amasiah. ani'a-sT/a, B.

Amasis, a-mS'sts, ('.

Amaziah, an/a-zi'a, B.

Amazon, a-nia'zOn, C. ; am'd-z5n,

Amazones, a-maz'o-nez, C.
Amazonia, am'a-zo'nY-a, C. k 31.
Amberg. am'bere ; G. am'berg, 31.
Amboi8e, BM'bwaz', 31.
Amboy. am-boi', 31.
Ambriz. Bm-brez/', 31.
Ambrizette. ftm'brY-zgt', 31.
Amenophis. Bm'f-no'iYs, C.
America. a-mgr'T-ka, 31.
Amerigo, ii-ina-re'go, or a-m6r't-g8,

Amhara. am-ha'ra, 3f.
Amherst, am'Srst, 31.
Amida. a-ml'da or am'Y-da, C.
Amiens, a m'Y-Cnz : /-'. a/m€'ttM', M.
Aminadab, a-mYn'a-dat), B.
Amite, a-inet', 31.
Amlwch, Bm'look, 31.
Ammon. ain'mOn, B. S,- C.
Ammonius, am-m5'nT-U8, C.
Amnon, am'nBn, B.
Amon, a'mttn, B.
Amoo or Amou, ii-inoo^, 31.
Amoor or Amour, a-moor', M.
Amos, amnios, /;.
Amoy, k-moi', 31.
Amoz, a'nifiz, B.
Ampire, fiVpar', M.
Amphicrates, am-iYk'ra-tez, C.
Amphictyon, ttm-ttk'tl-on, C.
Amphimachus, am-fYni'a-kus, C.
Amphion, ani-ii,on, C.
Amphipolis, nm-fYp'o-lYs, 7?. &,- C.
Amphistratu3. am-fYs'trit-tns, C.
Amphitheatrum, am'ft-thf-a'trnm,

Amphitrite, Bm'fY-trt't?, C.
Amphitryon. ani-i'Yt'rY-On, C
Amram. ani'rain, B.
Amsterdam, Sm-etSr-dftm', 31.
Amu, Amur. = AMOO.
Amurath or Amurat, a-moo-rat', If,
Amzi, am'/t, /-'.
Anabasis. a-nab'a-sYs, C.
Anacreon, prop, a-na'kre'-o'n, but in

Kna usage a-nak'rt-Ou, C.
Anael, an'a-rl, j,.
Anah, a'nd, /.'.
Anahuac. iUna-wik', 31.
Anaiah. an'ii-T'a, B.
Anak. a'nak, />.
Anakims, an'A-kfmz, B.
Anam, a-iiliu', or Annam, an-n&m',

31
Anammelech. 4-nBm'mW8k, /?.
Ananiah. an'a-nl'u; -niaB, -nT'as B.
Anath. a'nfttli. /;.
Anathoth, an'd-tliOth, B.

a, 8, 1, 6, Q, long ; B, £, Y, 0, a, f, short ; senate, fvent, tdea, Obey, unite, care, arm, ask, all, final.
B, Biblical ; C, Classical > E% Egyptian i 11, liiudoo ; M, Modern ; iV, Norae. ISce page 4'Ji-\

ANATOLE

499

a. A-nSt'.Vlf, c.

Anatolia, a. la-to'h-a. if.

Anaxagoras. an'aks-ljr'B-raa, C

Anaxauder. an -'Sks-Sii'der. G

Anaxarchus. an aka-lr'kfla, C.

Anaxicrates. an'akb-Yk'rii-::-

Anaxidamus. 4-naks/l-dS'i

Anaximenes. airBks-lin'C-noz, C.

Anchises. Kn-kl'aSs, ('.

Anclllon, BH st von', if.

Ancona. .an-ko'na. O v if.

Andalusia. Bii'dA-lQ'^il-a; Sp. fin-
dsVddo-thVi, M.

Andaman. Bn'd i-niSii', M,

Andera. In-di'i

Anderitum. Bn-dPr'l-tum, C.

Andes. In'dSz. .'/. _

Andikumu. an ih-koo'nioo. M.

Andorra, an-<lor'ra, .1/.

Andover. aa'dO-vtr, If.

Andre\ Bn'drlt or An'drY, if.

Andreas. In'drt-os, ( .

Andreus. Kii'drt-fia or InM

Andrew. In'droo, /»'.

Andricus, an-drl'kiis or an'drl-kns,

( '
Andromache. an-drflin'a-k?, C
Andromeda. Su-droin'P-da. ('.
Andronicus. an drO-nY'ktta, />. .V C.
Androscoggin. In'drBs-kOg'Yn, if.
Andujaro Anduhar. an-doo'hiir. if.
Anetor a-n8't8r, < '.
Angelina, an jf-U-'na, M
Angelo. an'j l-lft, .)/.
Angelus. an'jp-lfla, C.
Angers. an'iCra : formerly Anglers ;

F. Ba'shl*. M.
Anglesey or Anglesea, an'g'l-M\ if.
Anglia. an'gli-i. (
Angola. an-gB'l 1. .1/.
Angora. lu-gB'ra, if.
Angostura. tn-gBs-WB'ra, M.
Angoultme. on i/Sb 14m', if.
Angra, an'gra, if.
Angus, an/etts, if.
Anhalt. lin'hiilt. if.
Anicetus. anT-eC'tHa, C.
Aniou ox'zhoo'. if.
Ankober. iin-ko'b? . If.
1. an-k
Sn'iia.
Annapolis. Bn-nap'o-lls, if.
Annas, an'ivs, />.
Annecy. In-s5', .'/.
Annesley. Ini/iY, if.
Annibal. an'nT-

Annuu3. Bn-nn'us or Bn'nn-fls, Ti.
Anspach. ans/pik, if.
Anstruther, an'.-tivo-thCr yrBn'stCr,

Antseus. Bn-tc'ns. C.
Antagoras. an-ta-'O-ras, C.
Antea. in-tE'i, f '■
Anteius. an-te'vns, C.
Antenor. ati-te'nor, C.
Anteros. Bn'tP-rn*. ( '.
Anthaeus. an-the/os, C.
Antheas. Kn'thf-oa, V.
Anthemis. In'thP-raYa, C.
Anthropomorphita, Bn-throp'O-mBr-

Ankori. in-kB'rt, .1/

Anna, an'~na. /

ir

Anthropophagi. Bn'thro-pOf'a-jt. C.
Antibes ox 'ten', if.
Antichrist. Bn'tY-krfst, R.
Anticosti. In tY-kBa'tY. if.
Anticrates. Bn-tYk'rA-to/.. C
Anticvra. an-n-'T-ra. ' .
Antietam. aii-tc'Mni, if.
Antigone. In-tYz'B-nG,
Antigua. an-ti-'-
Antllibanus. an'tl-Ub'a-nn-
Antilles. iin-ul'lo- or Bx'tSI', M.
Antilochus. in-ttl'A-k
Antimenes, in-ttrnf-nl
Antinoe. &n-tln'
Antinous. ln-tYn'0-U
Antioch. Bi.'M-rtk. B. S- if
Antiochia, Sn'U-fl-k!'A, H.

Antiochis.Bn-M'fi-kls. R.
Antiochua. an-U'o-kns, B.
Antiope. an-tl'6-p£, G*.
Antioquia. an to-o-kO
Antiparos. an-tTp'4-rOs,
AnUpas. an'tl-i>as, />.
Antipater. ln4Yp'4-tBr, R. V C.
Antipatria. an-ti pa'trWi or an'tl

p ■;.! a, C.
Antipatris. an-trp'a-trTs. H. V C.
Antiphaues. au-ttf'A-nSi, t .
Antiphas. an'ti-f.ts. ('.
Antiphonus. an-tU'Ci-nus, C.
Antiphus an'tt-fOa, ('.
Antipodes. an-tTp'o-dfi, C. %■ if.
Antisana. an-tr-.-a'na, .1/.
AnUsthenes. an-t^'thC-i:
Antium. In'shT-ttm. ('.
AntonelU. an-tn-nM'K\ if.
Antonia. an-to'm-a. B.
Antonina, ftu'tCi-nl'ua ; Antoninus,

-mis. C.
Antonius. Bn-UVr.Y-us. C.
Antwerp, ant'wfrp ; D. Antwerpen,

iint'\ rp-< n. .'/.
Anub. a 'n fib, B.
Anubis. A-nO'bYi
Anvers i^N'var', it.
Anzin. ^N /aN', if.
Aonia. n-o'nl-;i. C.
Aonides. ft-On't-dSx, C.
Aosta. a-os'ta. .'/.
Apache, a-pi'chft, .1/.
Apa.tie. a-pl'inf, fi.
Apella. :i-pCl'ia. C.
ApeUes. a-p I'lo/. /?. i- C.
Apennines. Kp'Cn-nTn:
Apenninus. ap Cn-nl'i
Aphareus. a-ia'i*-?is orti M-rns. C.
Apharsachites. a-f aKsak-ltz ; Aphar-

sathchites. ii-lar'satli-klt/, B.
Aphek. a'Kk. H.
'u'i, />'.
Aphrodite, ai ro-dT'tf, or -ta. -ta. C.
Aphses af'e&z, />'•
Aphytjs. il-rt'tTsorai". I
Apia, a'pi-il. ('
Apis, i'pla, (
Apollo. i-i Bl'», ('.
Apollodorus. 4-p81 18-dO'
Apollonia. Sp Bl-16'nt-A, /.'. V C.
Apollonides. Sp SMBu'Y-dSz. C.
Apollonius. ap ol-lo'nl-us. C.
Apollos. a-i-M'uv. /.'.
Apollyon. a-|i3l'h-fiii or -pBTyttn, />'.
Apotheosis. ai> rtli.--r>'
AppalAchee. ap pi-lach'f, if.
Appalachian. ap-pi-li'chY-an, if.
Appalachicola. ap pa-iachl-ko'la.

Appenzell. lps#iit-»8K. if.

Appii Forum, ap pi T 13'ruin. fi. V C.

Appius. ttp'pl

Appomattox, ap pft-mat't&ks, if.

Appula. Ip'pfi-la, C.

Appuleius. »p/pn-16'j

Apuleia. 1

Apulia. A-pn'H-tl : Apulum, -Iflm. C.

Apure. a-n "o'ri. .1/.

Apurimac. i-pdo-r^-mik', if.

Aquarius, a-kwa'rl-fi-.

Aquila. ik'wY-14, />'. v C . u'kw,.

la. .1/.
Aquilo. ak'wv
Aquilonia Sk'wMrt'nY-4. C
AquHas. a-kwt'i
Aqultaine. S!< «r*-tlii', if
Aquitanla. ak'ii
Arab. u'r.ai>. •< citw, l: ; Sr'a i

Arabah. iir'alii. /.' V if.
Arabes I

Arabia, a \ if

Arabicus 4-rib'T-kfls, C.
Aracan. a'ra-knn'. .'/
Arachne. a-ak'
Arachnea. ftKak-i.?'*. C
Arad. a'rftd. /

AEIOCB

Aradns. Bi'a-.iris. /: \

Arago. Sr

Aragon. ar'i\--on : Sp. u-rii £6n', -V.

Araguay. ii-ni-gwl'. .V.

Aral, ftr'.d, if.

Aram, a'rftin. fi. V if.

Aranluez, a-ran-hwitli'. If,

Arapahoe = AuiiAi-AiioE, Ir-rlp'A-

hft, .'/.
Ararat. ar'S-rSt. R. V .1/.
Aras. ar'us : Araxes. u-rlks'Sz, it.
Araure, l-rou'i
Araxes v Jf.

Arbaces. iir'ba
Arbe. ur'brt. .1/.

Arbela. /'<//- rttne. Ir-o "l.i. /;.
' 14, o, Arbale'.

ar'lu-.

Arbelus. ar-bS'lfis, C.

Arbonai. iir-bo'iil-l. /{.

Arbuthnot, iir'buth-uot ; Scot., ar-
Initli'nnt. if.

Arcades, ar'ka-de/, C.

Arcadia. iii-kaMl-a. (

Arcanum.

Arcesilaiu

Archangel. iirk-un'j> !. M.

Archelaus. ar-kC-la'iV.

Archemachus. ar-k

Archidamas. ar-kYd'4-i

Archidamia. ar'kY-dA-ml

Archidamus. iii-kl-<ia'i

Archidemus. 6r-kY-d€'n

Archilochus. iir-klI'o-k

Archimedes. lir-kl-tiH-'iloz. ( .

Archinus. ar-kl'nfis. C.

Archipelagus. &r/kY-p£l'4-giiaJ

Archippus, ar-kli

Areola. ar-kO'lS : Arcole. -1.1. .1/

Arcot. :ii-kot', .1/.

Arcturus. iirk-tfl'rus. R.

Ardea. ai'il.*-;.

Ardeche. ar.lasli'. .1/.

Arden or Ardennes, ur'dc n'. If.

Area, :V-ro'a. ('.

Arena, u-rt'in*: Arene. -

Arensberg. a^rCna-Mrgt Arnsberg.

arns'bi
Areopagitx. 4-rS A-na-jt'tr. C.
Areopagus, a rWJp'4-gn8, /.' !
Areopolis. a rC-Bp'O-lYs. ( .
Arequipa, a-rit-ke'pii, M.

Aretas, ttr'f-t<is, R. s- C.

Arete. A-iv'tf «>r ftr'r

Aretes. ar'*-ioz. ('.

Arethusa. Sr MhO'sA. C.

Areus. u-ro'u*. li. ; 5'rf-ils or -rus,

Arezzo.

Argea. iir-

Argentr,- '. if.

Argenteuil. iir 7I10N t,*l', .)/.

Argent i:i" 'jfn-ttn, if.

Argilos. iir'ji -1

Arginus. iir-it'n

ArKlvi. .i'-jl'v:

Argo. ii r '

Argolis

Ar«oon

Argyll. Ur-pYl'. it

Amrathes. I rT-4-rt'thC«, /
Aricta. I

Arldai. 4-rYd't-Y, R.
Aridatha. 4-rYd'4-th4, B.

Arlga. 4-ri

.'-

Arlmathea. 4r/T-in4-th?'4. fi.

Arlobarzar.es. 4-rl *-liur-zI'nl« or

Arioch. S'iv." .

f?rn. recent. Arb, r\|dc, full, Qrn, irEBd, font, out, oil, chair, go, sing, 10k, then, thin. box.
B, Biblical 1 C, Classical 1 E, Egyptian i U, Hindoo » if. Modern 1 S, Norsa. ISt* page 497.

ARION

Arion. A-rT'on, C.
Ariosto, aKT-Ss'W or a-r£-oVtfl, 31.
Aristaeum. ar'Ys-teTuTi: -us, -us, C.
Aristagoras, ar'Ts-ta^'o-nis, C
Aristarchus, ar/Ts-tar/,kns, B.
Ari3teus. a-rfa'tfc-oa or A-rYs'tQs, C*.
Aristhenes, A-rYs'thf-nez, C.
Aristides, Br'Ya-tT'dez. C.
Aristobulua, ar'Ys-to-bu'ias, B. 4- C.
Aristoclides, a-rYs'to-k!l'dez, C.
Ari3tocrateB, ar'Ys-tBk'ra-tez, C.
Ariatodemus. a-rYs'tO-de'inQs, C.
Aristogenes, ar/Ys-t5j,C-nez, C.
Aristomedes, A-rYs'to-me'dez, C.
Aristomedon, ar/Ys-t8m''e-dftn, C.
Aristomenea, ar/Ts-t5m,f-nGz, C.
Ariatonicus, A-rYs'to-nl'kus, (J.
Ari8toaidea, ar'Ts-tSn'T-dez, C.
AristocymuB, ar'Ys-tOn'Y-mfis, C.
Aristophanes, ar'Ys-tCt'A-nez, C.
Arlstoteles, aKYs-tCt'e-lez, C.
Aristus, a-iYs'tfis. ('.
Arius, a river, a-rl'us, orAras, 5'rt-

az, C.
Arius, the heretic, a-rl'us or a'rT-fis,

C
Arizona, Br-Y-za'nd, M.
Arkansas, iir'kan-s/. M.
Arlberg, arKbSnr ; G. arl'bSrg, M.
Aries, a. 1, 31.

Arlington, ar'lYnjr-tfiii, .)/.
Armageddon, ar'inA-gcd'dOn, B.
Armagh, ar-ma', 31.
Armene, ar'mt-n?, C.
Armenia, ar-me'iiY-A, B., C, 8f 31.
Armenus, ar'inf-nns, C.
Arminius, ar-mYn'Y-rjs, C. Sf 31.
Armoricae, ar-mor'I-se', C.
Arno. ar'nft, 31.
Arnaud, aKno', 31.
Arnault, ar'no', 31.
Arndt, iirnt, 31.
Arnhem, am'hern, or Aniheim,

arn'hlm, 31.
Anion, iir'nSn, B.
Aroer, ar'S-5r, B.
Aroostook, a-roos'Wfik, 31.
Arouet, a' roo/a,,= Voltaire, M.
Arpad, ar'pad, B.
Arphad, ar'fad. B.
Arphaxad, ar-faks'Sd, B.
Arpino, ar-pe'nft, 31.
Arpinum, ar-pT/ntim, C.
Arrapahoe, ar-rap'a-hn, M.
Arras, ar'rBs ; F. auras', 31.
Arroe = 2E ro e, 31.
Arsaces, ar'sa-sez, B. ; ar'sa-sez or

iir-sa'sez, C.
Arsinoe. ar-tfn'o'-S, C.
Artabanus, ar'ta-ba'nrja, C.
Artabazanes, ar'ta-ba-za'jiez, C.

trtaphernes, iir'ta-fCr'nez, C.
rtaxerxea, ar'taks-erks'ez, B. &; C
Artemas, ar't$-nv«a, B.
Artemis, ar'tf-mTc, C.
Artemisia, hVtf-niYsh'i-a, C
Arteveld, ar-trr-vClf, or Artevelde,

ar'tn-v^Kdr, 31.
Artois. ar'twa', 31.
Arundel, Ena., &r'fin-del ; V. S-,

A-run^drl, 31.
Aruns, a'rBnz, C.
Aruntius, A-run'shY-ns, C.
Aruwimi, ii'roo-we'mO, 31.
Asa. a'sa, B.
Asadiaa, Bs'A-dT'rts, B.
Asahel, aVA-hel, B.
Asaiah, aVa-T'4, B.
Asana, aa'a-na, B.
Asaph, a'&af, B. ; aa'nf, 31.
Ascalon. B.s'kA-lSn, B. If C, also

Ascalo, aVka-18, C
Aacania. Bs-ka'nY-A : -nius, -tiY-ms, C.
Aachaffenburg. o-ah&f 'fen-bCrg | G.

ii-sluiff' n-Cot»rg/, M.
Aacham. as'kf/m. M.
Aaclepius. a'-kle'nT-OB, C.
Aacolf, iis'kO-10, 31.

500

AZAREEL

Aadrubal. fts'drij-bal, C.

Aser. u'ser, H.

Asgard. a.s'jrard, .V.

Ashantee. d-shan'tS orBsh-an-t5',if.

Ashbel. aah'bgl, H.

Ashburton, a.-li'bfr-tiln, If,

Ashchenaz. ash'kP-uaz.fi.

Aahdod. ash'dM, B.

Aahdoth, a>h'd0th, B.

Aaher, a*li'5r, B.

Ashtabula, ash'ta-bQ'ld, M.

Ashtaroth. ash'ta-roth, B.

Ashtoreth, ash'tr.-rf th, B.

Ashuelot. a*h'wM5t, M.

Ashur. ash'Cr, B.

Asia. arslii-a, B., C, 4- M,

Asiaticus, a'shY-at'T-kiia, C.

Asibiaa, Ss'l-bl'tis, B.

Asiel. a'sT-el. B.

Askelon. as'kr-15n, B.

Asmodeus, az'mr-de'Qs, B.

Asopua. a-so'puB, C.

Aspasia, as-pa'zhT-a, C.

Aaphaltitea, as'l&l-ti'tez, C.

Aspharasus, as-iar'a-sus, B.

Aspinwall, fts'pin-wal, M.

Asriel, Bs'rl-el, H.

Assabias, as'sa-bl'as, B.

Assam, Bs-fl&in', M.

Assanias, as'sa-ni'as, B.

Assaye, ai-sl'', M.

Assheton, asli'ttin, M.

Asshur asli'er, B.

Assinniboin, as-stn'nt-boin', M.

Assir. as'ser, B.

Assuerus. as'sD-t' riis, B.

Assumption. as-afimp'shtU! ; in Sp.

Asuncion, a-soon tlit-on'', M-
Assyria, 4s-sIr'I-a, IS. &> C.
Astaroth, &a/ta-rQth, B.
Astarte. tts-tar'tt, C.
Astoria, as-to'rT-a, 31.
Astraea. as- tie 'a, C.
Astrakhan, as-tra-kan', M.
Astures, 5s-tu'rez, C.
Asturias. a^-too'rt-as, M.
Astyages. as-tl'a-je/:, />'. &• C
Astyanax, as-tl'a-naka, C.
Atahualpa, a-ta-hwal'pa, 31.
Atalanta, at a-lfin'ta, C
Atargatis, a-tii. 'ttf-tts, B. V C.
Atarnea, a-tar'nP-a or at'ai-ne'a.C
Atchafalaya, ttch'at-a-ll'a, 31.
Ate, a'ti , C.
Ath or Aath. tit, 31.
Athach. a'thak, R.
AthaUah. ath'a-li'a.fl.
Athana3iu3, Bth'a-na'zhY-Hs, C
Athanatus, a-thfin'Mfts, C
Athabasca, ath'a-bSs'ka, .1/.
Athelstan, ath'el-stftn, M
Athena, <\.-theyrna_: Athena, -n8, C.
Athenaea, atli't-iie'a, C.
Athenagoras, ath't-najj'o-ras, C.
Athene, 4-the'n?, C.
Athenodorue, a-thf-ii^-dS'rns, C.
Athena. ath'Pnz, B., C, i- 31.
Athlone, ath-lon', 31.
Athol, athTil, 31.
Athor. Bth/5r, E.
Athoa, a'thtts, C.
Atilia. a-tll'T-A, C.
Atilla, 4-tYl'la, C.
Atlantea. Bt-Lln'tez, C.
Atlantiadea, BflBn-ti'ii-dez, C.
Atlantides. Bt-lBn'tY-dez, C.
Atlas, ftt'laa. C. s,- 31.
Atli. Bt'K, V.

Atramyttium. afra-niYsli'T-nm, C.
Atreus, R'trP-fls or S'tr is, C.
Atridae. a-trf'dS : Atrides. -dez, C.
Atropos, flfrn-pfis, C*.
Attalia. Bt'ta-lI'A, B. 4- C, also Atta-

lea, -lu'ii, ('.
Attalus. at'ta-lfis. H. V C.
Attica, artl-ka. C.
Attlcus. Bt'tY-ktts, C.
Attila, Bt'tY-ia, C.

Attllius. at-tYl't-fis, C.

Ante. 6b. 31.

AubenaB. 5b-na', M.

Auber. ("/bar', 31.

Autign^, r/btn'ya', M.

Auburn, n'burn, 31.

Auchinlech, af'flc-k, 3f.

Auchmuty, a'mQ-tl, 31.

Aude. od, 31.

Audebert, fid'bar', 31.

Aude; arde. o'd^n-ard', 31,

Audera, ; -de'ra, C.

Audhumbla, on-tfioom-'bla, N.

Audubon, a/df-bon, 31.

Auerbach, ou'gr-bak, 31.

Augeaa, a'jS-aa, V.

Augereau. nzh'ro' or u'zte-ro', 31.

Augias, a-jl'aa ; Augea8, -je^as, C.

Augsburg, nu^z^bo'Dig, 31.

Augures, a'|rf«-rEz, C.

Augusta. a-guVM, C %• 31.

August!, ou-goos'tP , 31.

Augustin, r. Cgus'tax'' ; Sp. ou-
poos-teji', M.

Augustine. St.. sFnt n'gQs-tfn, 31.

Augustinus, n'glis-tl'nuK, C. ; Augus-
tin, Augustine, a-gus'tYn, or Aua-
tin, as' tin, 31.

Augustus. n-gQs'tiis, B. !,- C.

Auka, a'kai A'.

Aulus. a'lBs, C.

Aurelia, n-re'lY-a, C.

Aurelianus, aji-e'lY-a'ntls, C.

Aurelius, a-re'lY-ds, C.

Auriga, n-rT/ga, C.

Aurillac, o'rP'yak' or 6'rtKyak', M.

Auro, a'rij, 31.

Aurora, n-ro'ra, C.

Aurungabad. o-rQn'ga-biid, 31.

Aurungzebe, 0-rang-zab' or a'rflng-

Ausonia. a-s5'nY-4, C.

Austerlitz, as't5r-lYts ; G. ous'tCr-

li r». i/.
Australasia, as'tml-a'shY-a, 31.
Australia. ns-tra'lY-a, 31.
Austri.oii'strf, N.
Austria, as'trY-a ; G. OesterTeich,

C-t'er-rtk, 3/.
Autocrates, a-tCk'ra-t5z, C.
Autolycus, a-t5KY-kus, C.
Automate, u-tOm'a-tP, C.
Automedon, a-t5m',P-dfin. C.
Automedusa, 8/tfi-mr-dO'aA, C.
Automenos, .i-tttinT-iie/, C.
Autonous, n-tOn'o-Qs, C.
Autun. r/triN'. 31.
Auvergne. ft'vCrn' or fi'vftm', M.
Auvigny, fl'vfn'yB', 31.
Auxerre. u'sar', .)/.
Auxonne. o'sfin', 31.
Ava. a'\ a. B. ; a'va, 31.
Avallon. a'val'irN'. 31.
Avaricum, av'a-rl'k&m or A-vftrl-

kdin, C.
Avatar, Bv-A-tar', H.
Aveiro, a-varr-rf>, 31.
Avella. A-vf -l'la. C: a-vCKla, 31.
Averno. a-vgr'nfl, M.
Avernus. A-vfr'nfts. ('.
Aveyceba. av'A-se'bi. M.
Aveyron. VvfttM'* 31.
Avi'non. a'vfn'yuN'', 31.
Avila. n'v.'-lii, .1/.
Avon, ii'vtin. .1/.
Awamba. A-wiim'bA. 31.
Axion. Bks-T'rin o, Bks'T-fln. ('.
Axoom. -oum, or -um. iik-so5m', M.
AylesLury. alz'bu-i, .)/.
Ayr a1. 31

Ayrshire. nr'sbCr, 31.
Ayscough. Bs'kn, 31.
Ayton. Aytoun, a'tfin, 31.
Azael. B/.'n-Cl. B.
Azaphion. A-/a'fY-8n, «.
Azara B /'A-rA. B.: a-tha'rd. If.
Azarael. A-tlr'IW I o> ■ A-za'rrt-el. also

Azareel. A-ztKMI o A-/5'rr-J>1. B.

a, e, Y, 0. Q, long ; &, 8, T, 0, a, f, shorl ; MlUte, event, idea, Obey, auite, cart, arm. .Uk, all, linoL
' Ji, Biblical » C, Classical » E, Egyptian » H, Hindoo » if. Modern j N, Nora©. ISee page *i>i.)

AZARIAH

501

Azarlah, az'd-rT'd, B.
Azazel. a-za'zc 1, B.
Azaziah, Bz/d-zi'd. B.
Azeglio, ad-zgKy6, M.
Azetas, a-ze'tus, B.
Aziei. a-zl't -I, B.
Aziel, 5'zT-0l, B.
Aziza, a-zl'zd, B.
Azof nr Azov, ii-/5v', M.
Azores. ii-zoi ?/, M.
Azoius, a-zo'tus, B. if C.
Azriei. az'rT-el, B.
Azubah, d-zoo'bd, B.
Azzo, at'sfi. M.
Azzur, dz'zer, B.

B.

Baader ha'd5r, il.

Baal, bii'./l, B.

Baalbec. biil'bek', M.

Baali. ba'ul-T. B.

Baajm. \m'n\_-\m, B.

BaaiZebub1ba/.(l-ze/'bub, B.

Baanah. ba^a-nd, B.

Eaashah. ba'a-^id, fi.

Baasiah, ba'a-sl'a, /■'.

Baba. AJ. a' 15 ba'bii, it.

Babel, bi'bel, B.

Bab el-Mandeb, bab'cl-nian'dCb, J/.

Babilus, bab'i-lBs, V.

Babylon. bab'i-lun. /,'. V .1/.

Babylonia. bab'T-lo'nl-a, ('.

Baccheis, bak-ke'l.- ; -us, -us. C,

Bacchium. bak-kl'uin ; -us, -us, C.

Bacchus, l.ak'kus. C.

Bacciochi. bat-clio'k?, it.

Bacelus ba->e'lu», (.'.

Bach, uiik, .)/.

Bacharach, bak'a-riik, It.

Bache. bach, .)/.

Bactra. ban'tra. C.

Bactriana, bak tiT-a'na ; -ni, -nl, C.

Badajos, bail-d-ho.-/, il.

Baden. ba'dt-n, M.

Bagamoyo, ba--a-ni5'yu. U.

BagDinne, bag-hTn'ne, .if.

Bagdad, ballad' or bajj'dad, if.

Bagehot, baj'ut, .)/.

Bagration, ba-gra'shfin or bii'giii'-

t \'. If.
Bahadur, ha-hi'dd&r, M.
Bahamas ba-hS'in&z, -'/•
Bahia. i.u-e'a. .If.
Bahobo. bii-ho'bo, M.
Bahunga. ba-han'ga, M.
Bahurim. ba-hQ'riiii. B.
Baiae. ba/v.*, C.
Baikal, bl'kal', .1/.
Bailed. ba-P-len', if.
Baiilie, ha" IP, il.
Bauly ba/16 : F., ba'ye', M.
Baireuth. bl'roit, if.
Baja. Huh/ ami Moldavia, ba'yii

hu;garU, hO'yO', il.
Bajazet. ba/a-zit, M.
Balaam Mr lam or ba'13-am, B.
Balak. ba'.ak. /;
Balaklava. bai'a-kla'va. .If.
Balanea •>■ -nsea. bal'a-m-'a, ('.
Baioec. bal'b.jk or bai-bok', .1/.
Baitoa al-bo'a. .If.
Baldacchinl. bal-diik-kG'nf, .1/.
Baldini. bal-de'nr, .If.
Baidr i.aiMfr. A'.
Balducci. nal-ddot'cM. if.
Baleares. ba'lf-S'rO, If.
Balearic. bal'f-ar'ik. M.
Balfour, bai'ler : Scot., bal'i<3or, .If.
Bali, bal'T, .V..- bii'lc, St.
Balize, bii-in//, .if.
Balkan, biil-kiin', M.
Balthasar. bal-tba'sar, B.
Baltic, b I'tTk. .1/.
Baltimore. b.l'tT-mBr, Si.
Baluba, ba-165'ba, if.

Balzac, bal'zak'. .if.

Bamberg, bdin'bCrg i G. WUn'b?rg,

Banff, bamf , if.

Eangala, barj-gii'la. -V.

Bangalore, ban'ga-lflr', if.

Bangasso, ban-gas'so, .If.

Bangkok or Bankok, ban'kQk', if.

Bango, ban'gG. M.

Bangor, Eng., ban'g?r ; U. 8., ban'-

g6r, it.
Bangweolo, ban'pwf-6'10, M.
Banjoia, biin-zo'ya. .)/.
Bannaia. ban-na'yd, B.
Bannockburn, bau'uOk-beru', if.
Banza. ban'za, it.
Barabbaa. ba-r&b'bas, B.
Baracbias, bar'a-kl'as, B.
Barak, ba^rak, B.
Barambo, ba-iani'bo, M.
Barbados, b:ir-ba'doz, M.
Barbari, bar'ba-i!, (,'.
Barbaria, bar-bar'T-a, C.
Barbarossa, bai-bd-iOs'sd, M.
Barbary. bai'bd-ir, .)/.
Barbier, bar'br-a <»• biirb'ya'', if.
Barbour, bar'bOr. .)/.
Barbuda, bar-buo'dA, if-
Barcelona, biir-se- or bar-thH-lCna,

it.
Bari. ba'rf. if.
Bariah. ba-iT'a, B.
baring, ft'., bSr'lng; G., ba'rtng, J/.
Baringa. b.i-rln';,';i, .1/.
Bar-le-Duc. bar/lc-dnK/', if.
Barmecide, bar'niP-rfd, if.
Barnabas, bar'na-uns, B.
Bar nave. bai-nav/. .1/.
Barnegat. b&r'nS-g&t', if.
Barneveldt, bar'ne-vglf, M.
Baroda, ba-ro'd.i. B.
Earodis, ba-ro'dts, if.
Barras. ba'ra', it.
Earre. bafrP, it.
Barsabas. bar'sa-btts, B.
Barthdemy, bar'tal'me', if.
Bartholomew. bar-thOKO-mfi, B.
Bartimaeus. bar t -me'us, B.
Baruch, ba'ro&k, 1:. _
Parumbu, bii-room'boo, if.
Barzanes, bar-za'nez, C.
Barzillai. bar-zil'l -T, /;.
Ba3el, ba'/.( 1 ; F. Bile or Basle, biil,

.1/.
Bashan, ba'shfln, B.
Basilea, baVl-le'd. o>- Basilia. bas'T-

li'a. name o- the eifti or Iktsei, oj

a aoildtsit, " ' oj en island, C.
Basilia, bd-fll'i-d, = Basel, C.
Basiuus, b^-'!-:i'u>, a river; b:'t-sTl'-

I-Aior Iia»/T-1T,U8=». Basil, C
Basilus. bis'T-his, C.
Basoko, b.i->5'kr., .1/.
Basque, bank, .1/.
Bassano. b i*-sa'n<\ if.
Bassonge. bas-sGn'gft, if.
Bas3ora, ba^'sr.-ra, .1/.
Bastia. rtfts-Wa, .'/.
Basundi. ba-siKm'd*. if.
Basuto. b*-»0'tO, If.
Batavia. ba-ta'vl-d. C. !f if.
Bateke. bii-ta'kd, if.
Bathsheba, batb--liC-rbd or bath'ohC-

ba. r.
Bathurst. bath'Crst, it.
Baton i'ti'n. ' '
Baton Rouge bftt'Bn rAsh, if.
Batoom nr Batoum, bii-tooin', it.
Bauer. bou'Br, .1/.
Baume. bum, .)/.
Baumgarten. bcium'par-t^n, if.
Baumg ^rtner. boum'glrt-uer, M
Baur. bi.ur. if.
Bautzen. i>. iit"--n. if.
Bavaria, bi-va'n-d. if.
Bayansl b'-an'zf. .'/.
Bayard, oa'crdor bl'Crdi/'.bi'yilr'.

BERAR

Bayazld. bl'd-z5d', if.

Bayeux. ba'ye', .1/.

Bayouno. b.vyoii'; /•'., ba'yOn'', if.

Bayou. bT'o6, if.

Bayreuth = Baikeutii, if.

Beatoun. be'tfui, if.

Beatrice, be'd-ties ; ft. bl-a-tri'chil,

M.
Beatrix. b_5'a-trTkB, .If.
teattie, bG'ti \ Scot., bd'tT, if.
Beauchamp, be'chuui; /'., bo'bh8.\'.

M.
Beauclerc, bo'kjPrk, it.
Beaucoup. bo-kiJop/, if.
Beaufort, A'., bO'lert or bQ'ffrt ; /•'.,

b./idr', it.
Eeauharnais, bu'SKna'. if.
Eeaumarchais. br/inai'slia', if.

Beaumaris. ma'i is. it.

Beaumont, b j'niOnt ; J-., b6/mON,<

Eeaune, b5n, .If.

Beauregard, U. S., bS'rP-giird ; /"..

b.Vpir'. .if.
Beauvais. bo'va', .If.
Bede. bed, M.
Bedell, U. S., bC-dCl'; Eng.,btfde\ or

br-il. K, if.
Bedouin or Beduin. bid'oo-Tn, or

bedoween, b>(l'. -wen, il.
Beelzebuo. bf-U'zC-bub, B.
Beer. Ue'8r, B.
Beera. br-e'ra^^ B.
Beersheba, be'gr-she'bd or bt-tr'-

Biir-bA, /;.
Beethoven, ba'to-ven, if.
Beira. bi'e-ri, M.
Beirut = Bevi!oot, if.
Bejapoor, be ja-poor', .If.
BelaorBelah, be'ld. /;.
Belem, b.i-1 »', = 1'aka, if.
Belfast, / '. .S., bel'iast ; Ireland,

b>-l-l:ist'. a.
Belfort. bri fnr', Jf.
Belgae. b, 1'jr. C.
Belgica. bcKjT-ka. C.
Belgium, bil'it-ftm, if-
Belzrade. I> 1 -rad', J/.
Belial. bC-'li-r/T. /;.
Belisarius. b -l'l-sa'rT-as, C.
Belknap, bel'nap, .1/.
Bellarmin. bCl-lar'mTn : ft

mini), b l-lai-me'ii "', .V.
Bellefontaine. l». I'lOn'tnn. if.
BeUe Isle <>r Eellisle. b, !-Ii', il.
Bellerophon. h» 1-1 i 'o-lOn, C.
Bellini li l-U"'nr. if.
Eellona. bfl-16'na, C.
Bcloochistan. bOl-oo'cliTs-tiin', it.
Belon. be'lOn, C ; Won, it.
Belphegor. b I'fP-g6r, C.
Belshazzar. bi 1-t.liix'zar, B.
Belteihazzar. b. ■l'tr-slitt/.'zar, B.
Belvidere. J) I'vC-der', if.
Eelvoir. bB'vfr, il.
Bemte. b.ni'bl, if
Benaiah, W-nl'yi, B.
Benares. !>• n I'rea, if.
Benbow. b'n'b-, .If.
Bengal. I>en-{ral', .if. . .

Bengel bCnr^l <>r blu'gel,if.
Benger. bfn'gtr. V.
Benguela. Wn-Ki'li. m.
Benhadad. b. ii-ba'dad, B.
Benhail. b. n-lia'tl. /;.
Benhanan. l> ii-hti'nan, B.
Benin, h n-iii'. .If.
Benjamin, b,' n'ja-mTn, li. 4 St.
Benoni. i> n-8'n
Bentivogllo. bfn-tC-vCl'yO, it.
Benvenuti. b. n-va-nCkj'tC-, M.
Beor. ii.'Or, fi.
Bera >■• 'rd. fi.
Berachah. b.'r'd-VA. B.
rerachiah. Wr'd-kl'd, B.
Beraiah (.JT-'I'd. B.
B ranger. h^r^Vzhl', M.
Berar. b.-iur', .'/.

f5m, recent. 8rb. njde, full. Orn, irr>d, fd&t. out, oil, chair, go, ring, ink. then. t'un. box.
B, BibUcal I C Claawwl i g, Egyptian i li, Hindoo j M, Modern i A'. Hon*. [6ve page W7.]

BERAT

Berat, beY-at', if.

Berea, b§'re-a ( Gr. B&rta) in 1 Mace.

tx. 4 ; el&tv/tete Ut-rS'A ( Gr. Ii6-

rolu), B.
Berechiah, bSKMcI'i, B.
Berecyntia, beVf-sIn'shY-a, C.
Berengario, ba-rgn-Ka'rY-o (= L. Ber-

engariua, bfr'en-ga'rY-Qs, hug.

Berenger, ber'en-jer), if.
Berenice, bgr-e-ni'ss, (J.
Beresina, bur-e-ze'na, M.
Bergamo, bgr'gii-mo, 31.
Bergen, b&rg'en, IL
Beriah, bf-rl'a, B.
Bering Strait, be'rYng strat or ba'-

nnji- strut, 31.
Berkeley, bei k'le or biii k'le. it.
Berkshire, berk'- or bark'shSr, 31.
Berlin, uer'lYn ; G. ber-len', 31.
Berlioz. itn'H-oz', 31.
Bermudas, ber-mu'dcz, M.
Bern, Berne, bern or b rn. 3f.
Bernadotte, ber-na-dbt', if.
Bernard, bur'nSrd ; F. ber'nar', it.
Bernice, bgr-ni'se, B.
Bernouilli, ber-nool'ye", if.
Beroea, be-re'a, B. $- C.
Beronice, beVC-nl'sS, C.
Berothah, be-ro'tha ; Berothai, be"-

ro'tha, B.
Berryer, ber'g-a', if.
Berthier, ber'te-a', if.
Berthollet, ber'tO'la', M.
Berwick, hug., ber'rYk ; U. S., ber'-

wik.J/. '
Berwickshire, ber'rYk-sher, if.
Berzelius, i>ei-ze'lY-Qs, 31.
Besancon, b'zQN'soJS', M.
Besor, be'sSr, B.
Bessarabia, bes'sd-ra'bY-a, if.
Bessemer, bis'e-mer, it.
Be3sieres, ba'sg-ar', if.
Betane, bet'a-ne", B.
Bethabara, beth-ab'a-ra, B. (f if.
Betham, botli'am, it.
Bethany, btth'u-nY, B.
Beth-arabah, brth-ar'a-ha, B.
Bethel or Beth-el, b th'el, B.
Bethesda, br-tluz'da. B.
Bethlehem, bCtli'le-lu'in or b^th-le'-

h m, 11.
Beth-peor, bFth-pe'or, B.
Bethphage, bCtli'la-jf, B.
Bethsaida, bdh-sa'l-da, B.
Bethuel, bf-thQ'd, B.
Bethul. be'thul, /!.
Bethulia, beth'D-11'd or bt-tliu'lY-4,

B.
Betonim, hFt'iS-nYm, B.
Beulah, bQ'lao/- b£-Q'ld, B.
Bewick, bQ'Yk, 31.
Bexar, bit-har', 31.
Beyroot or Bairout, ba'root, if.
Bezai, be'zft, B.
Bezaleel, be--zai'g-ul, B.
Bezek. bu'zek, B.
Bhavani, b'ha-va'ne", //.
Bhooj. liliooj, 31.
Bhopaul, bo'pal, M.
Bhurtpoor, bhfirt'poor', M.
Bianchi. bf-un'kr, if.
Bianchini, bf -an-ke'ne", if.
Biarritz, bt-'jiK ruts', if.
Bicetre. bf'sat'r, if.
Bichat, bf'hhii', it.
Bichri, blk'rt, B.
Bienor, M-e'nOr, C.
Bifrbst, bYf'rOst, N.
Bikari, bT-kii'rf, it.
Bilbao, bYl-ba'6, if.
Bilgai, bll'g-1-T, B.
Bilha, bll'ha, B.
BilUton, bYl'Ir-tfln, if.
Bimba. bem'ba, M.
Blngen, bTng'rn, it.
Blnghamton, bYng'cim-tnn, if.
Binnul, bTn-nu'I or bYn'nfl-I, B.
Bion, bl'6n, C.

502

Birket-el-Keroon or -Keroun. Wr-

kat'< l-ka-rdon'. id.
Birmingham, bgi 'mYng-am, if.
Biscay, Inu'kB, it.
Bismarck, biz'mark, if.
Bithiah, bt-thl'a, B.
Bithyni, bY-thl'nl, C.
Bithynia, bY-thYn'Y-d, B. t, C.
Bituitus. liYt'a-I'tQs, C.
Blanc, Mont, muN bl5N, or Mount

Blanc, mount blank, 31.
Blenheim, blun'lm; G. Blindheim,

bhut'him, M.
BUgh, bli, 31.
Blizard, blYz/5rd, M.
Bloemen, bloo'men, 31.
Blois. blwa, If.
Blondel, blr.x'dei', 31.
Blount, blnnt, 31.
Bliicher, bloo'ker ;_G. blu'kSr, 31.
Boadicea, bii-Jld'I-se'a. C.
Boanerges, bo'a-ner'jez, B.
Boaz, bo'az, B.
Bobadilla, bn-ba-del'ya, M.
Bocage, bu'kazh', 31.
Boccaccio, bOk-kat'cho ; F. Boccace,

bok'kiis', 31.
Bodin, b/daN', M.
Bodo. bo'do, 31.
Boeotia, bf-o'shY-&, C.
Boerhaave, bor'hav; D. b6or-ha'v5,

31.
Boethia, bo'f-tlu'a. C.
Boethius, br-e'thY-us, C.
Boethus, br-e'thus, C.
Boglio, bol'yn, 31.
Bogota, bo-go-tK', if.
Eohemia, bn-he'inY-d, 31.
Bchme, bc'mf, or Bohm, b5m, if.
Boileau, boi'lc; F. bwii'lo', 3f.
Boise, boi'za; /'. bwii'za', 3f.
Bois le Due, bwii' 15 duk', M.
Boissy, bwa'se', 31.
Bojardo or Boiardo, b$-yar'do, 31.
Bokaka. bf,-ka'J<a, 31.
Bokumbi, bC-koom'bS, if.
Bokhara, b5k-a'rii, or Bucharia,

br,-ka'rY-a, 31.
Boleyn, bofJl'Yn, 3f.
Bolingbroke, bfil'Yng-br66k,/o;"nier7y

bcjol'ing-broTik, 3t.
Bolivar, bul-Y-viir'; Sp. bfi-le'var, 31.
BoUvia, bC:-lYv'Y-a; Sj>. b0-le'v5-a, 31.
Bolobo, bO'lo-ho, it.
Bologna, bo-lon'ya, if.
Boloko, bo'lo-kfi, 31.
Eoma, bO'mft, 31.
Bombay, bOin-ba', if.
Bomokandi, bo'mr-kiin'dC, if.
Bonalya, bC-nal'ya, 31.
Bonaparte, bo'na-part ; It. b3-na-

par%, .1/.
Bonaventure. bSn'd-vPn'tQr', if.
Bonavista. bon-a-vls'ta, if.
Bondeh. bon'dS, 31.
Bonge. bfin'gf, 31.
Bomfaccio, bC-nC-fi'chO, if.
Bonita. br-ne'tii, if.
Bonzo. bon 'zw, 31.
Boodes. [tu-6'dZz, C.
Boom, bjjm, 31.
Bootan, boo-tiiu', if.
Bootes. bO-O'tSz, C.
Bdr, Mr, V.
Bordeaux, bflr'do', if.
Borea3. brj'if-«s, C.
Borghese, b8r-g5'zft, if.
Borghild. bor-'hlld, N.
Borgia, bor'ji, if.
Borgne, born, if.
Bori, brj'rf, if.
Borneo, bfir'nt-5, if.
Bornoo, bOr-no&', if.
Borodino, bfir-o-de'nft, M.
Borromeo. bor-rrj-ma'O, if.
Borromini, hOr-rO-tiiP'ii?*, M.
Borysthenes, br.-rYs'thlj-ii5z, C.
Boscawen, bo.s'kA-wCn, 31.

BROOKLYN

Boscovich, bSs'ko-vYk, if.

Boshuanas, brish'Q-au'az, 3L

Bosnia, bOz'uY-a, if.

Bosporus, bos'pu-rus, C. If M,

Bosquet, ItSs'ka', if.

Bosrah, bQz'ra, B. 6,- if.

Bossu, bO'soo, if.

BosBuet, bQs'bu'a' or bOs'swa/, If.

Botetourt, liot'G-tQrt, 3f.

Bothnia, b5th'nY-a, 3f.

Bothwell. bQHi'wel, 31.

Bottiger, bet'tC-gSr, if.

Botzen, bot'sen, if.

Boucher, E. bou'chSr ; F. bGryeha',

if.

Boudinot, b6o'df-n5t, 3f.

Bouflers, boo'flur', 31.

Bouillon, boo'yCN' or hool'yCN', 31.

Boulanger, boVlBH'zha', .1/.

Boulogne, buo'lCn'; /'. bJc/lon', if.

louraka, b6o-ra'ka, il.

Bourbon, bwr'bfln; F. boor'boN',

31
Bourcicault, boor-st-ko', or Bouci-

cault, buo-st-ko', 31.
Bourdaloue, boor'dii'loo', 3f.
Bourg, boor, if.
Bourgeois, booKzhwa', if.
Bourge3. boorzh, if.
Bourse, born, 31.
Eourrienne. boo'rf-Fn', if.
Bouvier. b(>o-ver' ; F. boc/ve-a', M.
Bowdoin, bo'den, if.
Bowles, bolz, if.
Bowring, bou^rYng, if.
Boyer, bwa'ya', 31.
Bozrah, bOz'ra, B.
Bozzaris or Botzaria, bBt'sii-rtsi

j-o/iulurl/i called boz-zar'Vs, 3f.
Brabant, bra'b&nt or bra-bant', 3f.
Eraga, bra'ga, if.
Braganca, bra-gan'sa, if.
Bragi. bra'gl, ft.
Brahe. bra or bra; Dan. bra'e, il.
Erahm. bram, H.
Brahma, brii'mii, H.
Brahma, bra'nid, if.
Brahmapootra, brii'ma-poo'tra. if.
Brandenburg, bran'den-burg; G.

b an'den-Dd&rff, if.
Brandt, brant, if.
Brasidas, br&s'Y-drrs, C.
Brasidea, brfls'Y-de'a ; Brasidla,

brfis'Y-dl'a. C.
Braunsberg, brouns'birg, if.
Brazil. bra-zYl' ; 1'g. bra-zel', if.
Brazos. bra'zOs, 31.
Brazza, luiit'sii. 31.
Brazzaville. braz'za-vSl', if.
Breadalbane, brCd-al'bau, if.
Brechin, brcktn, 31.
Brecon, brek'un, if.
Breda, brft-da'. 31.
Breidablick, brl'dd-blYk, K.
Bremen, brOm'en or bra'men, if.
Bremer, brS'mPr, 31.
Bremerhaven. bra iiigr-hii'fen, il.
Brescia. br«Bh'f-4, .1/.
Breslau, brSs'Iou, M.
Bretagne. l)r,/tiin', 3f.
Breton, brit'fiii, Jr.
3riareus, brt-S'rt-tti or brT'!t-r\)8, C.
Brienne, brf « n', .)/.
Brighton. brt'tBn, if.
Brindi3i. brtn-dS'rt, 3f.
Brisxu3. Int->e/'iis, (,'.
Brissot, bre'so', if.
Britain. brYt'n, if.
Britannl, brY-tSn'nt, C.
Britannia, brY-tSn'nY-d, C.
Britones, brYt'f-nuz or bi'Y-t3'n8z,

< .
Brittany. brYt'tn-nY, if.
Broglie, brO'y', .'/.
Brono, brO'n^, S.
Bronte brOn'tC, if.
Brookline. brrtrik'lln. if.
Brooklyn, broDk'lYn. if.

K, 6, 1, 6, Q, long ; i, P, Y, 0, fl, y, short ; scnitte, Pvent, Idea, obrv, finite, care, arm. dsk, all, final.
B, Biblical i C, Claasical i E, Egyptian i II. Lliudoo i 31, .Vlodcru i .V, Norse, ^ce page 497.}

BROUGH

Brough, brOf, M.

Brougham, broo'nm, .V.

Broughton, biou'tun, Jf.

BrucKer, brook'Sr, Jf.

Bruges, broVLz or bruzh, JI.

Brahl, brul. Jf.

Brumoy, brooTnwii', JI.

Brundusium. bran-du/zhT-iim, C.

Brunei, bnrnel', Jf.

Brunelleschi, brdo-nel-leVke, Jf.

Brunet, brQ'nS', Jf.

Br .inn. bran; G. brun. Jf.

Brunswick, br&nz'wrk ; G. Braun-
schweig, broun'Bhvtg, .)/.

Brussels, briis'selz ; F. Bruxelles,
bra'aSL', Jf.

Brut'ii, bru/shM, o, BruttU, brut'-
tt-I, C*.

Brutus, bru'tfis, C.

Bruyn, broin, Jf.

BrynhUd, brtu,hTld, .V.

Bubastis, bQ-b&s'tls, C. Jr K.

Bucephalus, bU-s&f'a-lus, C

Buch, book. Jf.

Buchan, buk'nn, Jf.

Buchanan, buk-an'an, Jf.

Bucharest, bu/ka-ri'at', Jf.

Buckingham, bttklng-am, Jf.

Buda, uQ'da ; Hunyariun boo-d5',
M.

Buddha, bolxl'da. //•

Budweis. Itood'vts, Jf

Buena Vista. bu'na vis'ta, Jf.

Buen Ayre. bw£u i'r.1, .)/.

Buenos Ayres, bo'ntis a'rlz; Sp.
bwa'nftsi'Mi, Jf.

Buffon. bttf'fin; F. bfiBf'fftH', .)/.

Bug. Bog. or Boug, boo=', if.

Buhabo. bu-ha'b », Jf.

Bukangai, bfi-kan'gl, Jf.

Bulgaria, bOM-ga'rT-a, JI.

Bulwer, bdbl'wSr, M.

Bumba, boom'ha, Jf.

Bumbembe, bflom-b; m'be, JI.

Buncombe, bfink'wm, Jf.

Bundelcund, bOn'del-lriind', 31.

Bunga, boon'ga, Jf.
., bdoir sen. JI.

503

Bunzlau. botrats'lou, Jf.
Buonarotti, boo-o'na-rOt't?, Jf.
Burdwan, bard' wan, Jf
Burg, bBrg! O. bob:-. .1/.
Biirger, bur'gCr, M.
Burghloy. Burleigh, bCr'lT, Jf.
Burgk, D06rk, Jf.
Burgos, boor'gfis, Jf.
Burgoyne, ber-goin', Jf.
Burgundy, bCr'gun-dT, Jf.
Burleigh = Bobohlbt.
Burlington. ber'liii^-tQn, .V.
Burrampoor, bfir-ram-poor', Jf
Bury, ber'n. .)/.
Busching. bO'shYng, V.
Busiris. bn-T'ri-. < v E.
Bussange. bdos-san'ge, .'/.
Bussera, bdDB-sS'rJ, Jf.
Buusama, boo'io-sri/nia, Jf.
Byssatis, bTe-ea'tla, C.
Bysshe. l>i=h, U
Byzacium. bl-zS'shY-fiin, C.
Byzantium, bl-zau'shl-tim, C If Jf-

c.

Caanthus. kl-an'thus, C.

Cabet. ka'ba', W.

Cabinda, kd-bin'da. Jf.

Cabot, kab'ut; it. Caboto, ka-b0't6\

JI.
Cabrera. kn-bra'ra, Jf.
Cabul. kil'lnil. li.
Cabul. Cabool, or Kabul, ka-bQlr or

ka-l> *>!', -•/.
Cabyle. kab'I-15 or ka-M'1?, C.
Caceres, ka'tha-rfa, Jf.
Cadiz, ka'dlz; Sp. ka'dCth, Jf.

Cadmea, kad-m5'a s Cadmeli, -ts, C.

Cadogan, ka-<lfi'i;<in, .)/.

Cadoudal, ka'd >o dal', Jf.

Caduceus, kii-da'shr-Qg, C.

Csecilia. sf-sil'r-a. <".

Caecilianus. sC-sil'T-a'nas, C.

Caecilus. ».-'!-

Caedmon, kad'uum, Jf.

Caelius, se'll-ils, C.

Caen, kOv, Jf.

Caeneus. ^u'nC-fis or sS'nQs, C.

Caesar. i-e'zCr, B. Sf C.

Caesarea, sJs'ii-ie'a, fi. Sf C.

Caesario. s?-sa'rI-o, C.

Caesarodunum, sSs'a-rft-dll'nilm, C.

Caesaromagus, sCs'a-roui'u-gus, t'.

Caeyx. se'iks, C.

Cagliari. kal'vu-r*, .V.

Caglio3tro. kal-ySs'trd", Jf.

Cahawba. k;i-!i I'lia, Jf.

Cahir or Caher, ka'liCr or kar, Jf.

Caiaphas, ka'yi-faa, £.

Cain, kan. /;.

Cainan, ka-I'iuui, fi.

Cairngorm, karn-gSrra', Jf.

Cairns, kams, .1/.

Cairo, U. S., kar'iS ; Egypt, kl'rO,

Cains, ka'ytis, C.; k5z, If.
Calabria, ka-ia'brl-a, C; ka-15'-

li -a or ka-la'brl-a, M.
Calais, kal'a-Ts. C; kal'Ts ; F. kii'-

la'. J/.
Calamis, kal'a-mTs, C.
Calamy, kai'a-mT, if.
Calatayud, ka-la-ta-viTod', Jf.
Calcasieu, kal'ka-shoo, Jf.
Calcutta, kal-kiit'ta, Jf.
Caldea, kil-de'a, li.
Caldees. kal'dez, //.
Calderon, kal-da-r6n,1 JI.
Caleb, kfi'leb, li.
Caledones, ka-lrd'u-nez, C.
Caledonia. kal'C-dO'm-a, C.
Calhoun, kal-hoon', .1/.
Calicut, kal'i-knt, Jf.
California, kal-T-fOr'nT-a, Jf.
Caligula, ka-lTg'u-la, C.
Callao. kiil-lii'O or kiil-\ ii'*, Jf.
Callicrates, kal-ltk'ra-tSz, C.
CalUcratidas, kal'lT-krat'T-das, C.
Callijenes, kal-IIi/,C-n5z, C.
Callimachus. kal-Uni'iV-kus, C.
Callimedes, kal'lr-me'dez. C.
Callimedon, kal-llni/'f-(15u, C.
Calliope, Ul-K'A-nC, ^,-
CalUrrhoe, kal-lTr'r.-P, C
Calliste, kal-lTs'tf, C
Cailisthenes, kal-lTs'thf-nSz, B.
CaUiato, kal-lrs't". C.
CalUstratus, kfil-lTs'trK-tfls. C.
Calmet, kal'mCt ; F. kal'iim', Jf.
Calne. k;in, JI.

Calpurnius, kai-pCr'nT-us, C.
Caltagirone. kal-tii-jP-r6'na, Jf.
Calvados. kal-va-dOs', Jf.
Calvary. klKva-rt, B.
Calvert, kaKvCrt. Jf.
Calydon. kal'T-dSn. C.
Calydonius, kal'T-dO'nT-fis, C.
Calypso, ki-llp'aft, ('■
Camanche, ki-min'chft, Jf.
Camarina. kani'u-i'I'ii& i -ne. -nC, C.
Cambac res. kBv'liii'bi
Cambaules, katn-b i'l£z, C.
Cambay. kflm-lm'. .'/.
Cambodia. kam-l.n'dT-a, Jf.
Cambrai, kftWbra', M.
Cambria, kain'brt-i, Jf.
Cambridge. kam'brTi, JI.
Cambroane. kr.N'brnn', Jr.
Cambyses. Jclm-H'tBz, C V E.
Camera, kain'r-ri. ('.
Camerinum. kam'r-rT'ntim, C.
Cameron, knin'*-run. JI.
Camilla. ka-mTl'la, C.
Camoens. ka-mO'onz or kltn'o-f nz ;

J'<j. ka-mo'iM, M.

CART^

Camorondo, kBm'A-rBn'dfl, M.
Campagna. kam-ptn'yl, M.
Campan. kOx'pnv', V.
Campania. kam-pa'nT-a, C.
Campeachy, Uiu-pC'ohC : Jftriaa,

Campeche. kam-pa'clii, Jf.
Campbell, kam'd or kain'b* 1, .V.
Cana. ki'na, B. V C'.
Canaan, ku'nan or kS'nft-an, B.
Canada, kftn'a^la, .1/.
Canajoharie, kan-a-j.vhBr'rT, V.
Canandaigua, kln-an-dl'gw4, If.
Canara, kan'd-ra. Jf.
Canaries, kii-nu'ie/. .1/.
Canaveral, ka-n.lv'f i-ol, Jf,
Candace, kan'da-s$, /;. I C.
Candahar o/ Kandahar, kan'da-har',

Candaules. kan-da'lez, C.
Candia, kan'di-a, Jf.
Cannes, kan, .»/.
Cauopus. kii-iifi'ptis, C.
Canova. ka-ini'vii. I/.
Canrobert, koN'rS'bar'. M.
Cantabria. kan-ta'bri-i, C.
Cantal, kflN'tal'. .1/.
Canterbury, kan't6r-b6r-Y, Jf.
Canton. C/iinu, kftn-tBn'; F. 6-.,kIn'-

tnn. .)/.
Canusium. kA-nQ'sht-tlm, C.
Canute, ka-nnt', .)/.
Capeflgue. kaple;,'', Jf.
Capernaum. ka-pCKnB-ifm, B.
Capet, ka'pct: F. kii'i a'. M.
Capitolinus, kap'T-tr.-ll'nu-, C.
Capitolium. kapT-tClT-tun. C.
Capo d'Istria, ka'|>r> dis'trf-a. Jf.
Cappadocia. kaivpa-dS'bhl-a, B. v C.
Capraria, ka-pi a'rT-a, C
Capreae, ka'prC-f, C
Capri, ka'prv, .1/.
Capua, kap'n-a, C. : kii'poo-a, Jf.
Caracalla, ka^A-kai'li, C.
Caracas, ki-ralcaa, Jf.
Caracci <> Carracci. kii-riifche, Jf.
Caractacus. ka-rak'tu-kus, C.
Caradoc, ka-rii'dok. .)/.
Caravaggio. ka-ri-vad'Wl, Jf.
Carcassonne, kilr'kaa'nln', JI.
Cardena-, kar-dS^nas, Jf.
Cardia. kar'riT-a. < .
CardU or Caerdi5. kar'dlf, Jf.
Cardigan, kar'dTr-fran, .'/.
Cardona, kar-ds'iii, .•/.
Caria. ka'il-a, /; V C.
Caribbean Sea. kar/Tb-l>e'an sS', Jf.
Caribbees, kar'Tl>-l)e/., Jf.
Carinas, ka-rl'n
Carinthia. kd-rtn'tliT-a, 31.
Carlisle. kiir-lTl'. .)/.
Carlsbad", Karlsbad, kar^'bat. Jf.
Carlscrona. karla-kroVna, Jf.
Carlsruhe or Karlsruhe. karU'riio-*.

Carlyle. kiir-HI', Jf.

Carmanla, kar-ma'nl-a, C.

Carmel, kir'mel, /,'.

Carnatic. kar-nat'Ik. 31.

Carnea. kar'n"

Carneia. kir-nC-'va. Carnia.kiir-nl'a.
or Carnea, kiir-ne'ii. V.

Carniola, kar-nt-6'lu, (/.Krain. krln.
Jf.

Camot. kiir'nfl'. Jf.

Carolina. kBi^A-lT'nA. 31.
I Caroluj.kltrV-lns, C. : Charles. 31
J Carondelet. ka-ronM<-ll, .1/.
| Carpathian. kJr-pi'thT-an, .'/.

C&rpathus. kar'pA-thOs. (

Caipentier. kai^pOx'tP-t' 31-

Carrara, kur-ni'ni. Jf.

Cartagena o, Carthagena. kar-ta-j»r-
9p. kar-ta-ha'na, JI.
I Carta^o

Carteret. klr'tJr-ft, .1/.

Carthage, knr'th'i. )l

Carthago. klr4lil'gA, C

Carya. kft'n-4; Caxy». ki'rT-«. C.

15m, recnt, Orb, rude, full, Orn. irTkl. f(5&t. out. oil, chmr, go, sing. iuk. then, thin, to*.
B, Biblical i C. Clasaical i £, Egyptian i II, Hindoo i Jf, Modtrn i iV, Noraa. [8e« page 4'J7.\

CARYATjE

Oaryat*. kai-'Y-a'te, c.
Caryatides, kar'I-at'l-dez, C.
Casale, ku-sa'lS, C. ; ka-sii'lit, M.
Casanova, ka-sa-no'va, 31.
Casaubon, ka-s/bfin, M.
Caserta, ka-sar'ta, 31.
Ca3hmere, kash-mer', M.
Casimir, kas'c-mCr, 31.
Caspian, kas'pl-«n, 31.
Cassandra, kas-san'dra, C.
Cassel or Kassel, kas'scl, 31.
Cassia, kas'slia, V.
Cassine. kas-se'n i, 31.
Cassiodorus, kas'fchT-O-do'rils, C.
Cassiope, kas-^I'o-pC, or Cassiopea,

kas'M.T-fi-pe'a, C.
Cassivelaunus, kas'sY-vg-la/nfis, C.
Castalia, kas-ta'l I-a, _C.
Casti.jlione, kas-ttl-yo'nl, M.
Castile, kas-tel' ; Up. Castilla, kas-
tel 'y a, 31.
Castlereagh, kas'^-ra', M.
Castor, kas'tOr, B. He C.
Castres, kfot'r, 31.
Catalani, ka-ta-la'ne", M.
Catalonia, kat^a-lo'nY-a; Sp. Cata-

lUaa, ka-ta-loon'ya, M.
Catania, ka-ta'nf-*, 31.
Catawba, ka-t.i'ba, M.
Catilina, kat'Y-H'ua, C. ; Catiline.

kafl-ltn, M.
Catillus, ka-tYl'lfis, or Catilus, kat'-

Y-lus, V.
Cato ka'to C

Cattaraugus, k'at'ta-n'gSs, 31.
Cattaro, kafta-ro, M.
Cattegat or Kattegat, kaftd-gat',

31.
Catullus, ka-tfil'lQs, C.
Catuius, kat'O-lils, C.
Caucasus, k .'ka-sfis, C. if 31.
Caulaincourt, ko'laN'ktior', M.
Cavaignac, ka/v3n/yakr, 31.
CavaLeri, kav-a-lt-a're, .1/.
Cavan. F., kS'vSM' ; Jr., k&v'rm, 31.
Cavendi3h, kav'en-dTsh, or Candish,

kan'dish, M.
Cavour. ka-voor',J>/.
Cawnpoor, kin'poor', 31.
Caxamarca, ka-na-mar'ka. M.
Cayenne, kST-yen' or kt-en', M.
Cayes. ka, 31.
Caylus, ku-lns', 31.
Cayuga, ka-yoo'ga, 31.
Cazenovia, kaz'tn-o'vY-i, M.
Cecchi. chPk'kC, 31.
Cecil, s 6'Tl or sgs'il, M.
CecUiu3. sC-sYl'Y-tis, C.
Cecropia, sf-krCpY-a, C.
Cecrops, ^e'krOps, C.
Cedron. sg'drOn, B.
Cefalu. cliCf-ii-loo', 31.
Celadon, sgl'a-dOn ; Celadus, sgl'a-

d .-is, a

Celaenae, sP-le'nP ; Celaeno, -n<3, C.

Celebes, srKC-bez. 31.

Celle. IsCKle, or Zell. tsCl, M.

Cellini, chCl-le'nr, 31.

Cenchrea, s'n'krf-a, B.

Cenchreae, s'n'krP-P, C.

Cenchreis, se*n-kr8'Ys, C.

Cenci. clu n'che", 31.

Cenis. K.'n'Is or se-ng', 31.

Centauri, BSn-ta'rY, C.

Centlivre, rtnt-lB'vgr or -lYv'Cr, 31.

Centumviri, BSn-tBra'vl-rt, V.

Ceos. i-e'Os, C.

Caphalae. sgfa-11?, C.

Cephalonia. wM'ii-16'nY-a, C * 31..

It. ell, •l-ii-lfi'nr-ii, M.
Cephas, Pe'lV/s. /;.
Ceram. sf-rain') Pg sFr-rouN', Af.
Ceraunia, sP-ri'nY-a, ('.
Cerberus, spr'bf-rfis, C.
Cerceis. i-tr-RcTs. C.
Cercyra, sSr-st'ra, C.
Ceres, se'riz, C.
Cerigo. clier'f-gfi, 31.

504

Cervantes Baavedra, iCr-vttn'tez

sa-v.d'ra, J/._
Cervera, tlier-va'm. M,
Cervia. ciK-r'vY-a, 31.
Cesar, se'zgr, B.
Cesarea, s s'a-re'a ; C. Pbilippi, fY-

I'p'pT, B.
Cesari, clia'za-rg, 31.
Cesena, chJ-sS'na, M.
Cetema, s -ta'ma, 31.
Cetius, .-e'tslil-as, C.
Ceus, se'iis, C.

Ceuta. sB'tli Sp. tha'<5o-ta, 3/.
Cevenne3, s I'vCn', M.
Ceylon. 8 -Ittn' or sY-lon', 31.
Chad, Tchad, or Tschad, chad, M.
Chaereas, ke're-os, />'. Sc C.
Chaeroaea, keKO-ne'4, C.
Chagres, cliii'grts, M.
Chalcaea, Chalcea, kal-se'a, C.
Chalcedon, kal-serdon, C.
Chalcedonia, kal'sC-do'nY-4, C.
Chalcidene, kal/8Y-de,ni}, V.
Chalcidice, kal-sYd'Y-sc, C.
Chaldxa, kal-dg'a, C. ; Chaldea, kal-

de-'a, B.
Chaleur. sha-lSr', 3f.
Chalmers, chai'mgrz ; Scot., char-

nierz, 31.
Chalons. sha'loN', M.
Chalybes. kaKY-bez, C.
Chambaud, slifiN'bo', 3f.
Chambertin, sliON'bfr'tax', M.
Chambt'ry, sliSN'ba'ie'. 31.
Chambord, sliSN'lior', 31.
Chasnbray or -brai, 8ii5N/bta/, 31.
Chamisso, bhii'm s'u, 31.
Chamouni, s-ha'iiKx/ne', M.
Champagne, shain-pan'; F. sIiSn'-

Champlain, sham-plan', 3f.
ChampollionL sham-pOl'lf-ttn or

BhD.N/|>5l/y8w', 3J.
Chamuhongo, cha-mflo^hSn'gu, 31.
Chanaan, ka'nan or ka'nli-an, B.
Chandeleur, Rlian-clg-ldor', 31.
Chandernagore, shan'dor-nn-gSr', 31.
Changarnier, sliOx'tfar'nt-a'. .)/.
Chantilly, shan-tll'lc ; F. shBN'tel'-

ye' or slifix'tt'ye', 31.
Chantrey. cban'trY, 31.
Chany or Tchany, cha'nS, M.
Chaon, ka'on, C
Chaonia, k--CrnY-a, C.
Chaos, ka'Os, C.
Chapala, cha'pii'Iii, 3f.
Chaptal, shap'tal', 31.
Chapultepec, clia-poorta-pvk', M.
Charashim, kar'a-shlm ; Charasim,

kar'a-snn, B.
Charea, ka'rf-a, B.
Charente,_s]lii/r8Nt,', M.
Chares, ka'rez, C.
Charicles, kttt 'Y-klez. C.
Charidamus, kaKY-da'nitla, C.
Charimenes, ki-rYm't-nSz, C.
Chariton, kar'I-ton, V. ; charrY-tan,

M.
Charlemagne, shiir'le-man ; F. sharl'-

ni.ii.', 31.
Charlevoix, ehar'l^-vwii' or sharl'-

v»,i', 31.
Charmadaa, kar'ma-d«s o>-kiir-ma'-

das. C.
Charmides, kiir'mY-dcz, C.
Charmione, kar-ml'C-ne, ('■
Charon, ka'rCn, V.
Charoneum, kEr/fi-n8/arnl or Charo-

nium, kar'o-nT'tnn. C.
Charops, ka'rCps, or Charopes. kftr'-

<-pez, C.
Chartres. shart'r, 31.
Charybdis. ka-rYb'dYs. V.
Cha3tel or Chatel, slui'ti 1', M.
Chastelet. Klmt'la', Af.
Chateaubriand, sha/tfl'brf/8v', M.
Chateaubriant. ■liR/tO/brt/8?i'l M.
Chateaudun, hliii'ts'd in'. M.

CHISLEU

Chateauroux, shii'to'rdo', M,
Chatellerault, sliii'tCFrS', M.
Cndtnam, ciiat'am, HI.
Chattahooche, cliat'ta-hoo'chC, M.
Chattanooga^cliat'ta-uoo'gi, M.
Chaulnes, siiou, 31.
Chaumont, France, shO'mCN'; iV. Y.,

shii-ino', 31.
Chautauqua, shrc-ta'kwa, 31.
Chauvin, slu/vaN', 31.
Chazy, shaz-5', 31.
Cheuar, kS'bar, B.
Chedorlaomer, kcd^r-ia'^-mer, B.
Cheltenham, cli U'nQni, 3J.
Chemnitz, kCin'iiYts, M.
Chemosh, ke'inosb, li.
Chemung, sht-infing', 31.
Cheaaanah, kt-na'a-na, B.
Chenango, Bht-nftn'gn, .)/.
Chenaniah, kCn'a-ia'a, B.
Cheopes, ke'C-pSz, C.
Cheops, ke'Ops, C, E., (f M.
Cheran, ke'i-an, B.
Cheraw. clitj-n', M.
Cherbourg, sliSr'bgrg or sbCr'boor',

Chernigov or Tchernigov, chgr-nfr

gov', M.
Cherokee. chSr'6-ke', 31.
Cherso. kgr'aC, 31.
Cheisonesus, kgr'sii-ng'sas, C.
Cherub, ke'rub, B.
Chesalon. kfs'a-lOn, B.
Chesapeake, ches'a-pek, 31.
Chesed ke'sed, B.
Chesuncook. cliP-stin'kobk, 31.
Cbethiim, kf-tlii'Ym, H.
Chettiim, k t'ti-Ym, H.
Chevalier, slie-va'lf-a', M.
Cheviot, cliiVf-fit, 31.
Cheyenne, shl'tn', 31.
Cheyne. clian or cliTn, 31.
Chiapas. cliC-a'pii. 31.
Chiari. kt-a're, 31.
Chiavari, kr-a'va-rt, 3f.
Chicago, i-hC'-ku'gO, 31.
Chichester, cliYch/>s-tgr, M.
Chickahominy, cliYk'u-hSm'Y-nY, M.
Chickamauga, cliYk'a-mn'ga, 31.
Chickasaw, ciYk'a-si, 3f.
Chicopee. chYk-c-ne', 31.
Chicot, shg'kft, M.
Chieti. kr-a'tf, 31.
Chihuahua, clif-wa'wii, 3/.
Childebert, cliYKde-bgrt; F shfl'de-

har', M.
Childeric. chYl'd5r-Yk: F. Child^ric.

slul'd/iek', 31.
Chili. chYl'Y: Sp. Chile, chg'ia, M.
Chilion, kY-Ii'on, li.
Chilius. kil'T-us. C.
Chillicothe. clnl-U-kOth'f , M.
Chilion, i-he'vox' or shll'lftn, .V.
Chilo. kl'hi, C.
Chiloe, k8-18-a'. 3T.
Chilperic, cliYKner-Yk; F. Chilp^ric.

Btnl'pi'rtk', M.
Chimaera. kt-me'ia, C.
Chimtorazo, chlin'biWti'zo ; Sp.

chSm-h - ft/thd, .'/.
Chimera, kTin'C-ra, C.
Chimerium. kY-nie'rl-ftm. C
China, chi'na, M.
Chinko. chSn'lcf!. M.
Chinnereth, kYr'm-rrth, R.
Ohinneroth. kYu'nr-iotli, B.
Chinte. cheu'tft, 31.
Chios. kl'Os, A'., ('., Si" M.
Chippenham. cliTp'nnm. M.
Chippewa, cl.ip'pf-wa; Chippeway.

clnp'p -w-t, .1 .
Chiquitos. clir-ko't^s. li.
Cliiriqui. .'br'rr'ke' Iff.
Chnodama8. kt-iod'a-inas, C.
Chiron, ki'ion, C*
Chiselhurst. cliY/'el-liOrbt. 31.
Chisholm. chTz'Om, 31.
Chisleu. kTs'l!l, //.

ft, 5, T, rt. n. Ions: : H. P. Y, ft, n, f, short ; t;enate. Cvcnt, tdeo. Obey, finite, care, mm, a>k. all, finwl.
M, liibUcai i V, Classical j &, Egyptian i U, lliuduo » M, Aludera ^ iV, Xorte. Idee pa^t 4U7.J

CHISWICK

OWswlck. chYz'Yk, Jf.
ChitanuoB, cht-tiim'b*«, Jf.
Ohitoae. kt-to'nf, C.
Chittigong. clm'ta-gOng, Jf.
Chittim, k t'tfin, B.
Chloe. klS'f, /?. V C.
Chlopicki. klO-pYt'ske, Jf.
Chloris. klS'rTs, C.
Choctaw, chBk'ta. .>/.
Choi seal, shwii'zur, Jf.
Choisy, Bhwa'ze', 31.
Cholmondely, chiliii'lY, Jf.
Choloe. ksro-e, C.
Chorazin. ko-ra'zYn, B.
Chowan, din-wan', Jf.
Chromes. kre'mfz, C.
Christ, krlst, B.
Christiana, krrs'tY-an'a, M.
Christiania. krTs't'-a'nf-a, Jf.
Christiansand, kris't?-(/ns-an 1', 31.
Christianstad, krYs'tOm-s ad', If.
Christine. krCs-ten'; Sw. also krfs-

505

te'

.!/.

C;

Chri3tophorus, krYs-trr'fs-rn's, C.
Chromia, kro'niT-ao • krO-ml'a, C.
ChronoB, kro'nOso/- k-on'Os, C.
Chry30genes, krt-s5j v-nez. C.
Chrysozonus. krf-BOsr'ft-ntts, C.
Chry303tomus, krt-sBs'to-mus,

Cnry303tom, krYs'os-ttim, Jf.
Chthoiia. ktho'nT-a. C.
Chuapa, chno-ii'pa, 31.
Chub, k ib, B.

Chuquisaca, choo-kf-sa'kS. .V.
Chur. India. chuor ; Switzerland ',

kiTor, or Coire, kwiir, Jf.
Cicero, sfs'c-i i, ('.
Cienfuegos, B&-en-fwi'gft8, .V.
Cilicia. sr-lrsli'r-a. B. 4- C.
Cimabue. che-ma-boo'S, .'/.
Cimarron. st-m;i--on', .)/.
Cimmeri, BYtn-me'rt ; Cimmeril, -rY-t;

Cimmerium, -rY-um, C.
Cimmeri8, s.in'mtf-rrs, C.
Cinaloa, sfn-:'i-16'a, Jf.
Cinara. s'n'ii-ra. C".
Cincinnati, sYii'sTii-na't!1', Jf.
Cincinnatus, BYn'sln-nS'tBs, C.
Cine3ias. Bf-nS'shT-oa, C.
Cinethoi. sn't-thon, C.
Cingetorix. stn-j t'n-rlks, C.
Cingulum, srn'gfi-lfiin, C
Cinq Mars, savk' nnir*'. If,
Cinque Ports, sYnk no ts. Jf.
Cintra. sln'tra or sen'tra, Jf.
Cipriani, chfr-prt-4'nS, Jf.
Circaeum. sCr-se'Qin, C,
Circars. sCr'kur/., If.
Circaaaia. sBr-kAshT-a, m.
Circe. s'r'sG ; Circeii, ser-sS'yl, C
Cirencester, sls'C-tCr or sla' Is-tCr,

Jf.
Cisalpina. 6Ys/al-r>T'na, C.
Cithaeron. s-the'ron, C.
Citheron, Mtli'P-rBn. V.
Citherufl. s'-tlie'rils, C.
Citiei. s.sii'f-C'T, C*.
Citiim. b sh'T-ri'ii, C.
Cittadeila.cliTt-ta-'i '111, Jf.
Ciudad Real. thC-dd-dad' r*-4K. Jf.
Ciudad Rodrigo, tuO-oo-diid' rOd-re'-

.- . .1/
Cius. si'rts. C.
Civilia, .-y-vt'Iyb, C
Civita Vecchia, che'vC-ta vFk'kP-a,

I/.
Claras, kia'rfis, or Claroa, -r5s, C.
Clauda. kt.'du. /
Claude, kladi F klol, Jf.
Claudia. kla'dY-a. II.
ClaudianUB. kl .'dl-1'nfis, C. ; Clau-

dian. kli'dY-«n. .)/.
Claudius, kl iMt-u*. C.
Clau3el. kl 'zf-r. M.
Claverhouse. kiav'er-us or klaV-

Era, .1/.
Clavieer. klaVY-jCr, C.
Cleanthea- klS-Sn'thez. C

Cle&rchuB. fclP-ar'kn's. C.

Cleea. klc-e'a. or Cleia. klM'4, C.

Clemens, kle'm^uz, C. ; Clement,

kl m'ent, M.
Clement, klfm'ent, B. If Jf.
Cleomachus, kl^ui'a-kfie. C.
Cleombrotua, klS-Sm'brG-tas, C.
Cleomedes, kle'o-me'di1/., C.
Cleomenes, klo-Om'f-nez, C
Cleonae, Cleone, klf-o'nf, C.
Cleonica, kle'O-nl'kd, C.
Cleopas. klS'ft-paa, B.
Cleopater, kir-^D'a-tPr, C.

CORYDON

Colon. k*-l«n', M,

Colonsa, k5l/,0ii--a, or Coloni»y, .

Colorado. k51-^rii'drt, Jf.
Colossse. kO-lOs'
Coio3se. k8-lbV
CoIobbub. kfi-lBe'
Colquhoun. kfi-hfibn', .)/".
Colquitt, kol'kwit, Jf..
Columba. kC-ltim'bft, C.
Columbia, k6-10m'bi-4, M.
Comanche, kO-m&n'ch
Comayagua. k(Mnt-&'gi

Cleopatra, kli-'n-pii'tra j classical Combahe. kSm'ba-hS^ Jf.

pron. klCI-up',;i-t,'ii. ( '.
Cleophanes. kir-ot'a-nez, C.
Cleophas, klS'C-fas, /;.
CleoptolemuB. klC-'Op-tQl't-mas, C.
CleopuB. kle'n-pus. C.
Cleojtratus. klf-«s'trY-ttts. C
Clermont, F., klgr'iuuN'j i'. S., kl5r-

m'.nt'. .)/.
Cleves. klevz: G. Kleve, kla'fc, 31.
CUo. kli'r,, C.
Clisthenes, klYs'tht-nez, C.
Clitae, kli't-. C.
Cloaca, kln-a'ka. C.
Cloaciaa. kl6va-6l,na, C.
Clodia. l<l6r<lY-d ; Clodius, -dY-ds, C.
Cloe klo'<\ A'.
ClaeUa. kle'lY-a. C.
Clo^her. klfi'liur, .1/.
Clootz or Cloota, klots, M.
Clotaire, kliVtftK. .'/.
Clotho, klo'tln, C.
Clotilda. klo-tYl'da, or Clotilde, kl3-

tel 1', .1/.
Clovis, klo'vis, If.
Cloves, klouz, Jf.
Clu3ium, klu'shY-Hm. C.
Clymene, klYm'e-n?, C
Clytemnestra. klft'i-in-nSs'tra, C.
Clytie. kUsh/8, C.
Clytius. kUsh'ils, C.
Cnagia, na'jY-a, C._
Cnemides. nl-nil'dBz, C.
Cnemus.ne'mris, C.
Cneus. ne'iis, C.
Cnidus. nl'dBs, B. Sf C.
Coblenz or Koblenz, ko'hl^nts, Jf.
Coburg, ko'bgrg; C kO'brJ&rg, .1/.
Cochabamba, ko-ch&-bim'ba, M.
Cochin China, ko'chin chl'iii, Jf.
Cochituate. kfi-chtt'n-at, J/.
Cochran. kOk' i an, Jf.
Codes, ko'kle"*, C.
Coclites, kOk'Ir-tez, C.
Cocytu3, kC-st'tflB, C.
C*ciiiU3. s*-sfl'Y-Qs, C.
Caecoa. BCk'0-4, C.
Ceeis, sf-e'Ys, C.
Caehoorn, kfjo'liOrn, Jf.
Caeleayna. sC-Fr-slr'Y-d. B. If C.
Coelia. -i-'lY-d, C.
Coelosyria = C<ri.KSVTUA, C.
Coeur de Lion. k8r-de-U'ttni F. kCr'-

.1-1 'ox', .)/.
Cognac, krn'viik', M.
Cohahuila, kn-a-wS'li, Jf.
Cohoe3. kn-lioz', Jf.
Coimbra. ko-Cni'iirii. Jf.
Coire. kwiir : O. Chur, kOor. 31.
Cola. kO'yi, .)/.
Coke, ktffik or knk, .1/.
Colbert, k-l'imr', .)/.
Colcheis, kfil-ke*'
Colchester. koTch#»-H5r, Jf.
Colerain. Coleraine. kol-rfin', Jf.

Coleridge, krtl'r |. M

Coligny or Coligni, krj'lfn'yS'or kft- Corsea. k

Colima. I

Collatia. >

Collating. kni'lft-M'nDn. C.

Colne. ><«, i Jf.

Cologne, k.-.-irm' : (i. K' In, VPln. J/. Corunna. krUrfln'nA i Sp Corun*

Colombia. k-*-inin'l.«-.a. . '/. k • ' J/.

Colombo or Columbo. kO-lam'bO, Jf. Corydon, Kor'I-dOn, C.

i Comine8. kCmSn', or Co

kSm'mSn', M.
i Coramodus. k8m'mft-d
! Comorin. kom'0-rTn, Jf.
1 Comorn or Koraorn, ko'mrirn, Jf.

Comoro. kBtn'l -rO. '/.

Compiegne. kfiK'pl^n', .1/.

Concepcion. kfln-sep'ahttn i Si: k.*.n
the>thW5n', Jf.

Conchaa, kOn'ch&s, Jf.

Concord. kOnk'Srd, Jf.

Concordia, kon-koi'dT-a, C 4- If.

Conde". kOu'dfto/- kftK'dS', Jf.

Condillac. kCH/de/yak'l Jf.

Condorcet. k'iN'dnr/si', .1/.

Conemaugh, kOnT-nn, .1/.

Conestoga, k8n'£s-t6/ga1 Jf.

Confucius. kon-fa'shT-ris: Chinese
Kong-Fu-Tse. kSiiir-fiTo-tsa', Jf.

Congaree. kon tru-re', Jf.

Congo, ken'gO, Jf.

Connaug^ht, kdn'n: t. V.

Connecticut, kttn-net'Y-kflt. .1/.

Constance, kOn'stuus; G. Constanz,
kiin'stanta, Jf.

Constantia. woman, kou-btan'shY-a,
city, kOn'stan-tl'a, C.

Constantina, kfin/st«n-tl/'na, C- ;
kSn-atan-te'na, Jf.

Constantinople. kBn-stan'tY-nfl'pl.
Jf. ; Constantinopolis, kon-stan'ti-
n8p'0-l
Constantinus. kOn'stnn-tT'nf;-
Con8tantiu8. kOn-etan'sht-tts, C.
Contreras. kSn-tra'ris, Jf.
Coomassie. k.-o-mab'sY, Jf.
Coob, kO'Os, B., C, A- -V.
Copenhagen, ko-pC'ii-ha'sren. M.
Copernicus, k'-pfr'nY-kQs, 31.
Coqaerel, kok'nl, Jf.
Coquimbo, k'-kem'lhl, Jf.
Corbeil, kdr'bal', Jf.
Corcyra. kor-sl'ra or kflr'sY-ri, C. :

k8--I'r4, .V.. = Coufu.
Corday. kGKiia'. Jf.
Cordilleras, kOr-dYl'lSr-as : Sp. k.-,

dM-yS'ras, Jf.
Cordoba or -va. kSrMA-ba or -va, 31
Corduba. k6r'dri-l>a. C
Corea <»■ Korea. kfi-rCa, Jf.
Coreae. ko'

Cornnium, kor-fYn'Y-fini. C.
Corfu. kOr-fW, .'.'
Corinth. kBrtnth, B. v Jf.
Corinthus. k.Vrln't litis. ;
Coriolanus, ko'rY-T'-la'n .
Corioli. kO-rt'8-II. C.
Corneille. kor-nal' ; F. kfir'nll' or

". J/.
CorneUus. kor-ne'lY-rts.
Coromandel. kBr/0-mln/
Corona
Corre'rgio
Correze.
Corrientes, knr

■..or CorsU, -!'
Corsica I 31..

h Corse, kfji

Cortez, .'. ortta.kBr-ti»'.

tern, recent. 6rt>. ri|ile, full, Qrn, foCd, fflot. nut. oil. chnir. u'o, sin(f, ink. then. thin. boK.
P, Biblical i C, CU**ie*l i £, Egyptian i U, iimdoo i Jf, Modern \ A, *NorK. ISn pag« 497.]

COSENZA

Coaenza, kO-sgn'dzjl, M.

Costa Rica. koVta re'ka, It.

Cosyra. ko-sl'ra, C.

Cote d'Or. kot' dfir', M.

Cotopaxi, ko'trt-paks'C, If.

Cottbua or Kottbua, kSt'bdos, M

Coulomb, koc/lON', If.

Courland, koor'land, If.

Courtenay, kgrt'na, If.

Courtral, koor'tra'. If.

Cousin, koo'zBN'', If.

Coutances, koo'tBNs', M.

Couthon, kdc/tuN', If.

Coventry, kfiVen-trY, M.

Covilha, ko-vel-yax', If.

Covington, kuv'Yng-tQn, If.

Cowes, kouz, If.

Cowley, kou/lY : formerly pron. and

often written Cooley,_k6o'lt, It.
Cowper, kou'pgr or koo'pgr. It.
Cracow, kra'ko ; Polish Krakow,

kra'kdbf. M.
Crataemenea. kra-tPm'f-nez, C.
Craterus, krttt'D-ras. C.
Crates, kra'tez, B. If C.
Cratidas, krfit'T-d«s, C.
Cratippus, kra-tlp'pus. C.
Cratisthenea, kra-tls'thf-nSz, C.
CrtbiUon, kra'be'yfiN', It.
Cre"cy, krts'se" ; F. kr.Vse', M.
Crem- or Kremnitz, krein'nlts, 3f.
Cremona, krg-nio'ua; It. krit-mo'na,

V. «r M._
Creon, kre'on, C.
Cresus, kre'sas, C.
Creta, kre'ta, C.
Crete, krct, IS. &r M. ; kre'tf, C.
Cretea, kre'te"-a, C.
Cretea, krets, B. : kre'tez, C.
Creusa, krf-u'sa, C.
Creuse, krgz. If.
Creuais, kru'sYs, C.
Creuzer, kroit'sgr, It.
Crichton, kri'tfin. If
Crimea, krY-me'a ; Russ. Krim, M.
Criapus, krYs'pQs, B.
Critiaa, krYsh'Y-os, C.
Crito. krf'tS, C.
Croatia, kro-a'shY-a, If.
Cromarty, krBm'gr-tY, II.
Cronatadt, kron'stat, II.
Cruatumeri, krHs-tfl'mt-rl, C.
Crustumeria, kraVtu-me'rt-a ; Crus-

tumerium, krQs'tft-me'rY-um, C.
Caaba, chSli'5, If.
Caongrad, ehCn-grad', M.
Ctemene, tC-m'e-ne, C.
Ctenua, te'ntts, ('.
Cteaiclea, Ws'I-klez, C.
Ctesidemua, teVT-de'muB, C.
Ctesilaua, tts'Y-la'as, C.
Ctesiphon, tc's'Y-lon, C.
Ctesippua. tS-eYp'pos, C.
Ctimene, tYm'e-ne. C.
Cuba, ku'bii ; S/>. koo'bii, It.
Cuenca, kwen'ka. It.
Culiacan. koolij-ii-kan'. .1/.
Culloden. kul-lo'df-n, It.
Culm, kdblm, .)/.
Culpeper, kul'pe>€r, M.
Cuma, ko/ma, C. ; koo'ma, II.
Cumana, koo-ma-ni', If.
Cumania, kn-ina'nY-a, If
Cupido, ku-pl'dft, C; Cupid, kn'-

pfd, a.
Cnragoa. kO'ra-BO', If
Curaray, koo-rii-rT , II.
Curiatil, ku'rY-a'shY-I, C.
Curio, kH'rt-6, C.

Curtia. kSr'shY-ai Curtiua, -aht-ua.C.
Cuahi, kn'sM. /;.
Cuvier, kO'vI-ft \ F. ku'vtl-a', )/.
Cuyaba, ktib-ysYba', ,)/.'
Cuyahoga. kf'A-hO'ga. .)/.
Cuyp or Kuyp, koip, M.
Cuzco. kfl&8?kfl, .1/
Cwmdu. k<">7>m'df, If
Cybale, slb'a-lP, V.

506

Cytoene, st-bgnje, C.
Cybele, stb'e-lS, C.
Cybira, sTb'T-ra, C.
Cybotus, st-bo'tcis, C.
Cychreua, sYk'i-e-us or sl'krus, C.
Cycladea, stk'Ia-dez, C. If If'.
Cyclopes, st-klorpez, C.
Cydimache, st-dtm'a-kg, C.
Cydonea, sld'o-ne'a, C.
Cydones, sf-do'nez, C.
Cydonia, st-rlo'nt-a, C.
Cynara. sYn'a-ra, C.
Cynaretu8, sTn'a-re'tfis, C.
Cynoaura. Btn/8-sarra, C.
Cynthia, stn,th1r-a, C.
Cyprianua, stp'rT-a'nBs, C.
Cyprinum, stp'rt-nfiin, C.
Cyprus, sl'prus, B., C, 4- M.
Cyrenaica, sYr'E-na'T-ka ; Cyrenaici.

slr'e-na'T^I, C.
Cyrene, st-re'ne, B. S,- C.
Cyrenius, st-re'nT-Qs, B.
Cyrus. si'rQs, li. Sr C.
Cythera. st-therra, C. «r M.
Cytheraea, sitli'e-re'a, V.
Cytheria, st-tlie^rTs, C.
Cytheron, st-tlie'iOn, C.
Cyzicum, sTz'T-kum, C.
Czartoryaki. char-to-rYs'kf, M.
Czaslau, chas'lou, It.
Czernigow, chOr'nt-gSf, M.
Czernowitz. cher'no-vTts, M.
Czerny, tser'ne". If.
Czirknicz or Zirknitz, tsgrk'ntts, M.

D.

Dacca, dak'ka. If

Dacia. da's.liT-a, C.

Dacier. da'st'a'. If.

Da Cunha, da koon'y'a, M.

Dsedalua. d d'a-lfls.Y.".

Dsemocratea, df-mOk'ra-tez, C-

Daemon de'mOn, C.

Dagheatan, da'grs-tan''. If.

Dagobert, dag'0-b5rt; F. da'gC^ar',

Dagon. da'gSn, B.

Daguerre, aa'ger', It.

Dahlgren, dargrCn, If-

Dahomey, da-ho'ma', If.

Dakota, da-ko'ta, If.

Dalhousie, dfil-lioo'zT, If.

Dalilah. di-li'la. £.

Dallea dftlz. If.

Dalmanutha, dal'ma-nu'tha, iB.

Dalmatae, dal'mu-t^, C.

Dalmatia.dal-ma'bht-a, B., C, If If.

Dalton, d il'tQn, If.

DalzeU. d3-rl', If.

Damaria, dani'ii-rTs. B.

Damaacena, danr'as-se'na ; Damaa-

cenus. dain'as-sc'nfis, C
Damascenea. dam-a-sSnz', B.
Damaacua. da-mtts'kus, B., C, if It.
Damasus. dani'd-pris, C.
Damba. dam'ba, II.
Damietta, dttm'Mt'ta, If
Damoclea. dain'o-klez. C.
Damocreon, dd-mO'krP-On, C.
Damocritua. da-m5krrl-tti8, C.
Damon, da'innn. ('■
Damonicu8. dain/o-nT/'kt1s, C.
Damostratua, du-m5srtru-tus, C.
Dan, dan. li.
Dana, dfi'iui, C. V It.
Danae. dan'a-e, C.
Danaidae. di'i-na'T-df1, -deB, -dez, C.
Danaus, dftn^A-os, ' '.
Daniel, dan'T-tl or dttn'yel, B. tf

M.
Dante, dnn'tf \ It. diin'tit , ornj.

Durante. drto-ran'tB", M.
Danton. dnn'tun or dBx'tftw', M.
Dantzic, dant'stk; U. Danzig, dint'-

Btg, II.

DE RUYTER

Danube, dan'tlb ; G. Donau, dfl'nou.

Daphne, dftf 'n5, B. If C.

Dare or D'Arc, dark, If.

Dardanelles^ daKda-nelz', If.

Dares. da'iez,_C. ; dar'Ss, If.

Darfoor, dar-ioor', If.

Darien, Georgia, U. S., da'rS-en . the
Isthmus of', da-rf-tn', If.

Darius, da-rl'fis, B., C, 4- If.

Darmstadt, darm'stat, M.

Dartmouth, dart'mQth, M.

Darwar, dar'war. If.

Dathemah, dath'S-ma, B.

Daub, doup, If.

Dauteny, dob'nT or da'be-nT, M.

D'Aubign^, do'bfn'va', It.

Daubigny, dr.'btii'ye'', If.

Davenant. dav'en-ont, If.

Davenport, daWn-port, If.

David, da'vid ; /•'. da'ved' ; G- da'-
v t. B. Sr It.

Daviess, da'vTs, If.

Davout or Davoust, da'v<5o'. It.

Debir. de'bgr, H.

Debora. Deborah, dcb'6-ra or de-b5r-
ra. li. & If

Deborus, deb'rt-riis, C.

Detreczin, d?-br, t'sTn, If.

Decapolia. df-kap'o-lYs, B. S; C.

Decatur. df-ka't?r. If

Decimus, dCs'Y-mQs, C.

Decius, dersliY-fis, C.

Dedan. de'dSn, B.

Deianira. dc-T'a-nY'r4. C.

Deicoon, dt-Yk'ti-Sn. C.

Deiochus, dM'C-kfiB, C.

DeioneuB. de'Y-o'ne-usor-I'S-nQs, C.

Deiphobe, M-U't-bP . C. '

Deianira, d j'a-nl'ra, C.

Delagoa, dgKa-gA'a, M.

Delafah. deKa-I/a. B.

Delaroche, d'la'rrsh', if.

Delatour. d'la'toor', M.

Delaunay, d'ld'na', If.

Delaval, d'la'val'. If.

Delaware, del'a-war, M.

Deleb, da'leb. It.

Delft, delft, M.

Delhi. M&.deTM ; /«dia,d51'ie,i/.

Delia. de'lY-a, C.

Delilah. dt-H'ld, B.

Delisle, de-lel' or de-ttV, If.

Demarata, dern'A-ra'tfi, C.

Demarete. dt-niar'E-te, C.

Demas. de'mcis, />.

Demtea, dem'br-a <-r dPni-be'i, If.

Demerara, dim'gr-ii'ra, If.

Demeter, df-me'ter, V.

Demetrius, df-ine'trl-us, B. Sr C.

Demidof, (kmrl-d5i, or Demidov,

<K mT-dOv', if.
Democles. dSm'A-kl6z, C.
Democrates, df-niOk'ra-tez. C.
Democritus, dS-mok'rY-tUB, C.
Demodice, df-m8d'I-s6 ; Demodoce,

dr-mBd'C-flS, C.
Demophon, drm'fi-fSn, B. 5- C.
Demophoon, dt-infilTi-On, C.
Demopolia, dS-mSp'O-lYa, C.
Demosthenes, de-mfis'tlif-nez. C.
Demostratua. df-mns'trft-tOs, C.
Denbigh, d n'M, If
Dender, d n'dSr, .1/.
Dendermonde. d n-dGr-mOn'de, It.
Denmark. <1. n'niUrk, .)/.
Dennis. St. s nt d nT» or d n'6 ;

/•'. Saint Denia. i-Sn' d'ue', At.
Dentatua. d .l-ta'tns, C.
Denver, <1 n'v?r, I/.
Deodatus. dr-nd'i'-triR. C.
Depevater, dt-pTa'tCr, If.
Deptford. (1 t'«rd, .)/.
Derbe. dSr'bY, B.
Derbend. <IPr-i) nd', II.
Derby. dPr'hY or diir'bl. If.
Derham. dCr'am, If.
De Ruyter, dt rl'tPr or roi'ter. If.

a, 5, T. rt, 0. long ; a, 5, Y, 8, 0, f, short ; >euate, event, Idea, obey, finite, dire, arm. ask, all, final.
Ji, iiiblical i C, Claaaical ; E, Egyj)tiaa i U, Hindoo ; M, Modem » iV, Noree. (See pane 4a7.]

DERUYTER

Deruyter, de-rl'ter, if.

Deacartes, da'kiirt', M.

Deschamps, da'shQx', if.

Deseret, dts'5r-Pt, .)/.

Desha, de-sha', M.

Des Moines, de moin', M.

De Soto, de s5'to, Al.

Dessaix, ds'si/, Al.

Dessau, des'sa-a, B ; dCs'sa i G.

d s'sou, Al.
D'Estaing, d Vtax', At.
De Tnou, de too', M.
Detmold, det'mold; Q. det'mSlt, it.
Detroit, dP-troit', Al.
Dettingen, dL-t'tYng-en, M.
Deucalion, da-ka'll-Sn, C.
Deutz. doits, Al.
Deux-ponts, dP'p<5NT'; G. Zweibriick-

en, tsvi-imik'en, Al.
Deventer. da'ven-tPr, Al.
Devereux. dPv'gr-oo, Af.
De Vit. da' vet', Al.
Devizes, d?-vl'zPz, .1/.
Devona, dCv'6-na, C.
Devonshire, dPv'un-shPr, it.
Devrient. da'vrC'Sx', if.
Dewas, da' was', if.
D'Ewes, diiz, .'/.
De Wette. de vet'te, if.
Dhawalaghiri, da-wQl a-ge'rP, 31.
Diana di-an'a or dt-a'na, £■; dtS'-

uii C.
Diaphanes, dt-afa-nez, C.
Diarbekr. do-ar'bPkr, AI.
Dibon. dl'bbn, B.
Dibue. de'boo-a. 3f.
Didero. df'dro', Al.
Dido, dl'do, C.
Didot, dP'do'. M.
Didymus. dfd'Y-mtts. B. Sc C.
Diebitch or Diebitsch, de'bich, Al.
Diego, de-5'g0, .)/.
Diele.dP-a'l.T, .)/.
Diemen, de'nien, if.
Dieppe, do', p', .)/.
Didspiter, dT- s'pT-t5r, C.
Dietrich, de'trtk, .1/,
Dijon. do'zhf.N', Al.
Dillingen, dtl'ltng-en, At.
Dimalus. di-nia'ltis, C.
Dinah, dl'na. B-
Dinant. dP'nOx'or de-nant'. Af.
Dinapoor or Dinapur, dc-na-poor',

Dinocrates, dT-n5k'ra-tez, C.
Dinostheaes, df-iiSs'the-nez, C.
Diuostratus. dl-nBs'tra-tas, C.
Dinwiddie, dfn-wld'I, M.
Dioclea. a woman, dl'G-klS'ii ; a city,

dl-o'klP-a. C.
Diodes, di'o-klez, C.
Diocletianus, di'O-kle'shT-a'nus, C.
Diodati. dP-r.-dii'tP, Al.
Diodorus, dl'O-dd'rQs, C.
Diodotus, dt-8d'0-ttte, ('.
Diogenes, dt-bj't-nSz, C.
Diomede. dl'o-mS'df \ -do, -d5z, C.
Diomedon, dl-bra'C-dbn, C.
Dionysius. dT'O-nTsh'I-ns, B. t( C.
Dionysus. dl'O-nl'etti, C
Diophanes. dt-bt'a-nez, C
Dioscuri. dl'bs-kO'rt, 0.
Diotrephes. dt-ttt/re-iez, B. If C.
Dirce. ICr'sf, ('.
Disraeli or D'Israeli, dlz-r&'lT or

'!*, M.

DivMacus^dTv'Y-U'a-kus, C.
Djuma, zhSS'ma, M.
Dnieper. nS'pCn Rum. dnyPp'Pr. M.
Dniester, nes'tCr ; Buss, dnyes'ter,

.1/.
Doab or Dooab, d55-lb', Af.
Dobrowski, dfl-brbv'eke, Al.
Docimus. dbsT-mfls, C.
Doclea. do'klP-a. C.
Dodona. dn-dO'na; -nlfl, -nls, C.
Doeg, do', k. B.
Dolgelly, dbl-g. th'lG, it.

507

Dolgorouki or Dolgoruki, dOl'gfl-
roo'k,. M.

Domenichino, dA-ma-n?-ke'n6, Al.

Domingo, d.-iiuu'gfi. M.

Dominica, dSm-v -ne'ka ; F. Domi-
nique, dCuiCnSk', .V.

Domiuici. d0-m5-ue'che. Al.

Domitia, do-inisli'i-ii, ('.

Domitianus, dO-intab/T-fi'nfla, C.

Donaghadee, don'a-lui-du', Al.

Donar, do'niir, = Thob, S.

Donatus, do-na'tus, C.

Doncaster, don'kas-tCr, Al.

Donegal, d5n'e-gal', At.

Dongola, d6n'gO-14, Al.

Dongu. tlon'j;;i, .)/.

Donizetti, d0u-0-z0t't5 or d6-nTd-
I z.t'tv, AL

Doorga, door'gd, = Kali, H.

Dora, do' i a. S.

Dorcas, ddr^kos. />.

Dorchester, doi'ches-ter, Al.

Dordogne, il6r-don', .1/.

Doricus, dSr'i-kus, V.

Dornoch, dQr'nOk, Al.

Dorosma, dO-r5sh'mB, Al.

Dorothea, do-rd'thc-d, C; d0r-i5-
tlie'a, if.

Dorpat. dor'piit. or Ddrpt.dPrpt, At.

Dorsetshire, dor's t-sher, M.

Dort, d6rt, or Dordrecht, dort'rCkt,
Al.

Dorymenes, do-rTm'f-nez. B. Sc C.

Dositheus. dn-slth'f-us, B. if C.

Dothan. do'tluni, ZJ.

Douai or Douay, doo'fi', At.

Doubs, doo, .1/.

Douce, doos, Al.

Doughty, dou'tT or d5'tY, If.

Douglas, d^ug'lfls, .)/.

Douro, doo'rD ; Sp- Duero, doo-a'r8,
Al.

Douw, douv or dou, -V.

Draco, dra'kfi, C.

Draguignan, dra./gfn/y5w'l Al.

Drave. drSv ; a. Drau, drou, M.
i Drenthe, drtn'tc, Al.
■ Dreux, art, M.
I Drin. dren,»r Drino.dre'nO. Al.

Drogheda. drS'hC-da, .)/.

Drohobicz. drS'hO-bich, Al.

Dromore. drt'mOr, M.

Drontheim, dr8nt'lm; Xorw. Trond-
j jem, trtnd'yem, Al.

Droz, did, Al.
: Druids, dru'l-de ; DruideB, -T-dez,

Druses, droo'sez. M.

DrusiUa, droo-stl'la. B. $■ C.
• Dryades, dri'il-dez, C.

Dubno, dOSb'nO, .)/.
, Dubois. d05-boib' or du'bwii', Al.

Dubuque, di]o-|,l"lk'- &*•

Ducange, doo-kanj'; F. du'kOxzh',

Duchesne, dii'shan', Al.

Duclos. du'klo'. .1/.

Dudevant.doD'de-vON' or dud'vOs',
.1/.

Duero. dHo-a'rA = Dotno, Al.

Dufr noy. da'frt'nwi'. Jr.

Dufresnoy. du'lr.l'nwii'. M.
1 Du Guesclin, du ga'kla.N', if.

Dui. dfiB 8. M. '

Duiveland. doi've-llnt, 3f.

Dulce. dOCl'sB or -tht, .'/.

Dulcigno. dSol-chSn'yO, JA

Dulwich. dnl'ii. .1/.

Dumas, du'mii . .'/.

Dumbarton, dum-biir'tnn, it.

Dume8nll. du'inTin''. .1/.

Dumfries, drfm-1

Dumont. iln'inu.v', .1/.

Dumoulln. du'inrSTlaN', M.

Dundalk. dQn-dak', Af

Dunedin. dnn-rd'ni, M.
1 Dunfermline. drm-iPr'lin. M.
, Dungarvon, dQn-Kiir'vrni, .1/.

EISENACH

Dunglison. dnn'-lT-etln, it.

Dunkeld. dan-kcl', .1/.

DuuKirK. dju'kfrk i F. Dunkeruu*.

.1 ..v -kerk', it. »«*«"i'^

Dunsinane, dun'nTn-fin', it.
Duperre. du'ii.i'ra', .)/.
Dupenon, du p.i'ruN', it.
Dupin. du'pttN , .'/.
Duples3is. du'pla'sg', it.
Duplin. diTphn. .»/.
Duponceau, doo-pOn'sC; P. do

so'. M.
Du Pont, del pont' ; /•'. du'j>*N', Al.
Dupuis. Dupuy, ilu'|nu"', .1/.
Dupuytren, du'pwS irf>N', .)/.
Duquesne, du'kan', .)/.
Durand, dri-rhnd' ; /•'. du'rOx', Al.
Durango, doo-rao'gO, .1/. '
Durante, dSo-ran'ta, .)/.
Durazzo, doo-rut'sO,o»Duraj,dv'ra'.

Direr, du'rtr, At.
Durnam. dur'am. At.
Durlach. door'liik, if.
Disseidorf. dus'sel-dorf, if.
Dutens, du'USN', Al.
Duval, doo-v51' or du/val', if.
Duvernoy. du'vCr'nwa', At.
Duyckinck, di'kink, Al.
Duyveland, iloi'v<-lant, Al.
Dwina. dwe'na, .'/.
Dyle or Dyl, dll. .)/.
DzialoBZice, dzO-a-18-shetM, M

E.

Eadmer or Edmer. fd'mCr, At.
Earn. Loch, 10k Cm, .)/.
Ebal.e'bai. B.
Ebeling. 5'bel-Ynjr, Af.
Ebenezer. CbTn-c'/fr, B. V At.
Eberhard, eb'er-hard or a'bPr-hiirt.

Al.
Ebora. r-h'a-rd. C. ; fb'ft-rii, .V".
Eboracum. Pb'iWu'kum, ( '.
Ebro, G'brO ; S/>. a'bro, 3f.
Ebusus, Cb'n-s is or P-bO/-, C.
Ecbatana. Pk-blit' ii-nd. B. v C.
EcclesiasteB, { k-klc'zi-as' tPz, B.
Ecclesiasticus, ik-kle'zi-as'tl-kQs,

/;
Echelles. Les, laVft'shPl', Af.
Echemenez, f:k m'C-nez, C.
Echemon. P-ke'moii. C
Echemus. ik'f-n
Echeneus. rk'P-ne'ns, C.
Echidna, e-ktd'ni, C.
Echinades. P-kTu'iV-dez, C.
Echinse. r-kl'i ."
Ecija. 5'the-ha, .1/.
Eckhard. .-k'art, Af.
Eckm ihl. rk'mul, 3f.
Ecuador. Pk-wii-dOr', it-
Edda. d'dti, V.
Eden, c'd.n, ff.» M.
Edessa. P-d. s'sA.or -desa, -d5's*. < .
Edeta. Ml

Edfoo. Edfu, M'foV, if.
Edina. MI'na, M.
Edinburgh. Edinboro' Edinborough.

.,1'Tii-bnr-rn, .1/.
Edisto, • d':.-t.\ C.
Edom. P'dnin. /;.
Edon. 8'dOn, C

Edones. P-do'iu'/:: Edoni. <*-il<">'nI. C
Edonis. i" 1 •>• <-'.

Egerla. P-jP'rl-n.
Egesinus. ■ /P-sI'iids, C
EgeU. P-jj
Eglon.'^'lun, B.
Egripo.Pc'rT-prt, V
Egypt. 8 JTpt, /■' n «.
EhrenbreiUtein, I'r--n-brtt'«tTn. if.
Ehud. ."•'.,

Eichit.dt <>r AichsUdt. Ik'ntrt, At
Eisenach, r* n ..k. Al.

fBrii, rec«nt. Brb, ryde, full, Orn. lC5d, f<JW <>ut. oil, ch.nr go, Hing. Ink. tiicn. linn. bo5.
B, Biblical j C, Cl«8iicaJ j E, iigypnau i U, Mifldoo \ it, Mwderu t A, Nor»«. L8«« p»g» 4S7.)

E JIBO

EUbo, f-jS'bft, 3f,

Ekron, * k'rOn, B.

Elagabalus, i I'c-gab'a-lGB, C.

Elaia, e lain, B.

Eloe. <lb; G. a'be, M.

Eloerfeld, ,1' b6r-f.lt', M.

Elbeuf, v 1'bSt', M.

Elbrooz or Elbruz, el-brooz', M.

Eleazar, e'li-a'zer, B.

Electra, c-L-k'tra, C.

Elegia, 61'0-ji'a, C.

Eleleus, C-le'lC-iis or Pl'P-lQs, C.

Elephanta, el'6-lan'ta, M.

Elephantine, tl'C-ian'tl-nS or Cl'e-

iaii-tT/iie, C.
Elephas, i Vi-ias, C.
EleuBa, l'6-u'sa, C.
Eleusinia, il'D-sln'I-a, C.
Eleusi3, c-lu'sis, C.
Eleutneria, iKn-the'rY-a, C.
EleutneriB, 5-lQ'thC-rYs, C.
Elgin, Scot. ,<.V gin. ; U. <S.,el'jYn, M.
Eli, e'l!, B.
Euab, e-li'ab, B.
Eliakim, P-li'a-kYm, B.
Eliali, e-U'eVH, B.
Eliam, eMl'&in. B.
Elias, e-U'as, B. ; S'lY-ns, C.
Eliashlb. t-ll'a-sliYb; Eliasib, -sib, B.
Elicaon, i l'T-ka'On, B. Jf C.
Eliezer, f-lt-e'z5r, B.
Elihu, i-ll'htt, B.
Elijah. e-ll'jft. B.
Elim, e'lfm, B.
Eliinelech, e-lIni'S-lfk, B.
Eliphalet, e-lif'a-Kt, B.
Eliphaz, l'Maz or e li'faz, B.
Eliphelet. t-ht'E-kt, B.
Eli3, e'lis, C.
Elisabeth. C-lTz'a-be'th, B.
Elisaeus and EliseUB, tl'T-se'as, B.
Elisha oiul Elishah, C-li/sha, B.
Eliu, c-ll'fl, B.
Ehud, Mi'ud. B.
Elizur, ?-li'zer, B.
Elkanah, ol'ka-na, B.
Ella, 01' la, J/.
Elle3mere, t-lz'mcY, M.
Elmira, . 1-mT'ra, M.
Elnathan, f-1'na-than, B.
Elohim, . 1'6-him, B.
Elora, 0-lo'ra, M.
El Paso, ^ 1 pa'art, M.
Elsinore, t" 1'sY-nor', M.
Eitham, « lt'am, M.
Eltolad, il-to'lad or H-to-lad', /?.
Elusa, Gaul, Ol'u-sa ; lJukstine,

i-lu'sa, V.
Elymais, rTY-ma'Ys, B. !f C.
Elymas, PLI-mas, /{.
Elysium, P-lYzh'Y-fim, C
Elzevir. cKze-vGr; J). Elzevler or

Elsevier, Cl-re-vcr', M.
Emanuel. P-man'n-fl, B. &i M.
Emmanuel. < m-manTi-el, B.
Emmaus, m-mS'tts, /!■
Emmenes, Oin'inf-nez, C
EmpedocleB, Pm-p d'r-klez, C.
Empedon, em'p&dfln, C.
Emporia, fni-po'rY-a; Emporia, Pm-

po'n-e", C.
Ems. ins, M.

Enaesimus. P-iiff/Y-mllB, C.
Enceladus, m-s 1'u-dua, C
Encoache, « n-kOfl'sliC, M.
Endera. i n'df-n'i, ('■
Enderum, Cn-de'rum. C.
Endor. < n'dQr or rn'dPr, B.
Endymion. « n-dlin'I-On, C-
Eneaa, c'lif-os, B.
Eneti. n'f-tY. C
Engaddi,Pn-;rfld'dT. B.
Engadine, ni'nii-deii', M.
En-gedi. ■ n-jie'di. B.
Engnien. Bx'jjf-OM', J£
England, in'gland, M.
Enoch, e'nfik, B.
Enon. c'non, B.

508

SfC

Enope, Pn'3-pe-, C.
Enos, e'nSs, B.
Eoua. f-0'us, C.
Epaenetus, E-pen'f-tas, C.
Epaminondas, r-pain'r-uSn'das, C.
tpapnraa, » p'a-fras, B.
Epapnroditua, t-pafrO-dl'tua, B. tf

V.
Epernay, a/pgr/nar, M.
EpeB, i ps, M.

Epnesus, ti'f-sus, B. & C.
Epuialtea, et-T-al'tez, C.
EpboruB, ct'O-rus, C
Epflraim, e'frtt-Ym, B.
Epnratah, et'ra-ta, B.
Ephron, e'irOn, B.
Lpicrate3, C-pfk'ra-tez, C.
Epicrene, ^p'l-kre'iu-, C.
EpactetUB. cp-Ik-te'tus, C.
Epicureans, ip'l-ku-re'anz or gp'I-

ku re-anz, B.
Epicurei, ep'T-kfi-re'T. C.
Epicurus. i-p'T-ku'riis, C.
Epidamnus, > p'l-dain'inis, C.
£pida,phne, op't-dat'n, , C.
Epidauria, cp'Y-da'rt-a ; Epidaurus,

ep'i-il I'rus, C.
Epidotae," rp'T-do'te, C.
Epidromus, f-pYd'rn-mQs, C
Epi^enea, 5-pij'f-nez, C.
Epimachus, e-pYm'a-kttB, C.
Epimedes, ep'I-mS'dSz, C.
Epimenes, 6-pYnir€-nez, C.
Epinal, a'pc'niil'', M.
Epiphanes, t-ptt'a-nez, B.
Epirus, e-pI'rtiB, C.
Eponymus, f-pOn'I-muB, C.
Epope, *-\)o'x>$ ' C
Equatorville, f-kwa'tfir-vYl', M.
Erasi8tratua. ?r-a-s.l</tra-tus, C.
Erasmus, f-raz'mfis, M.
Erastus, P-ras'tQs, B.
Erato, t'r'a-to. C.
Eratosthenes, eKa-tSB'thf-nSz, C.
Eratostratus, 0r/a-t5s/,tra-tu8, V.
Erebus, Or'C-bus, C. &r M.
Ereglee, Or'p-glf, M.
Eretria, f-re'trt-a, C.
Eretum, f-re'ttim, C.
Erfurt, or'ld&rt.J/.
Eric, Sr'Tk, M.
Erichtho, C-rtk'thC, C
Erie. e'rY, M.
Erigone, C-rYg'(5-nf, C.
Erigonu8, man, C-rTg'o-DU8 ; river,

i-1-i.'o'nus, C.
Erimede, cr-Y-merdP, C.
Erin, e'rtn, = Ireland, M.
Erinnys. i-rrn'nrs, C.
Erinys. f-ri'nYs, C.
Erlangen, Cr'lang^n, M.
Erlau, ir'lou, M.
Eroa. e'rOs, C.
Erostratus, P-rBs'tra-tils, C.
Erycina, Cr'Y-sl'nd, C.
Erythros, P-rYth'r5s. C.
Eryximachus, vr/iks-fm',a-kil8, C.
Erz Oebirge, OrtB'ge-b€r'ge, M.
Erzroom, Pr/.-rooin', M.
Esaias. P-zS'yaa, B.
Esau, e'si, B.
Escurial, fs-koo-rf-iiK. ^f.
Esdraelom, cVdni-e'lom; Esdraelon,

- sMra-e'lOn, B.
Esdras. Ba'draa or Pz'dmB, n.
Esdrelom. rs-dre'lOm; Esdrelon, fs-

.Iro'lftn, /;.
Esneh. s'nP, M.

Esopis. r-sQ'pYH, C.

EBquilinus, rs-kwY-H'nna. C
Eiquimalt.^s'kf-innlt, M.
Esseni, rs-se'ni, ('.
E88equibo, <'s'.s!t-Uc'bA. M,
Estaing, C-B'taN', or d'Eatalog, (1;b'-

taN', J/.
Est*. .-B'tit, M,
Esterhazy or Eszterhizy, Pa'tCr-

hii'ze, J/.

EURYSTHEUS

Esther, es'ter, B.
Eatnonia, Cs-th6,rnY-d, C. &_3/.
Eaueiuadura, i b-tra-ma-doo'ra, SI,
Etampea, l^tB^•p,, M.
tteoueus, 3/tt-o/'nS-fis or -O'nQfl, C
ttuan, e'than, B. & M.
Ethelbald, ah'el-b .Id, if.
Etheibert, tth'el-bSrt. M.
Ethtlred, £threl-rcd, M.
Etheiwolf, tth'el-wdoli, M.
EtMopia, e'thY-6'pl-a, B.
Etienue, Saint, sa.\t a'tc-tn', M.
Etua or iEtna, i t'na, M.
Etowah, l tr0-wi, J/.
Etruria, t-tru'rT-d, M. tr C.
Etruaci, t-triis'sT, C.
Eu, e, M.

Euagetus. Q'a-je'tQs, C.
Euagoras, fl-agvo-ras, C.
EuDcea, D-be'4, C.
Eubulua, n-hu'lus, B. «r C.
Eucrates, Q'kra-tez, C.
Eucratides, O-krat't-dez, C.
Eudaemon, D-de'niOn, C.
Eudamidas, O-dam'I-das, C.
Eudamus, u'da-mos or O-da'mQfl
c.

Eudemus. O-de^mfis, C.

Eudicus, u'di-kus, C.

Eudocia, n-dd's>hY-a, C.

Eudocimus, tl-dOs^Y-mils, C.

Eadora. a-do'r4, C.

Eudoxia, OjdBks'Y-a. C.

Euenor, D-e'n6r ; Euenus, -nfls, C.

Euergetae, Q'er'jp-tc, C

Eufauia, Q-fa,la, M.

EuhemeruB, fl-hem'?-ri1s, C.

Euier, yoo'lgr ; G. oi'l?r, 3t.

Eumenes, Q'mP-nez, B. & C.

Eumenia, n-me'nY-d, C

Eumenides, rt-mcn'Y-dez, C.

Eunice, a-nl'sE or tTnYs, B. ; fl-uI'sS,

V.
Eunicu8, fi-ni'ktis, C.
Eunomia, ti-no'niY-i, C
Eur.or.es, fl-no'nez, (J.
Eunoua, a'nO-fis, C.
Eunuchus, O-nu'kus, C.
Euodias, n-o'dY-^s, B.
Eupator. D'pu-t6r, B. & C.
Eupatoria, O'pa-to'rT-a, C St M.
Eupen, (li'pen. M.
Eupheme, n-le'inP, C.
Euphiletus, O'l'i-le'tits, C.
Euphorbua, D-ffir'btta, C.
Euphorion, ft-fo'rY-8n, C.
Euphrates, fi-fra't5z, B., C.,kM.;

Tarki*& Frat, frat, M.
Euphron, Q'lrOn, C".
Euphrosyne, n-fioVY-ne", C.
Eupo.eaius, n-pOl'f-nias, B. St C.
Euprepes, a'prC-pez, C.
Eure, \ oor, -V.
Euripides, Ti-rYp'Y-dez, C.
Euripua, tl-rfpils. V.
Euroclydon, fi-r5k'M-d5n, B. St C.
Europa, O-io'pA, C.
Europaa. Q-rO'pnB ; Europus, -pus, C-
Europe, n'rup, M.
Eurotas, fi-rS'tfis, C.
Euryale. n-ri'a-lP, C.
Euiybatea, Ci-rlb'a-tez. C.
Eurybotua, n-rib'r.-tus. ('.
Euryciea. Q'rY-kle'a ; dia.-kU'a, C
Eurycoon, fi-rtk'C-8n, C*.
Eurycrates, ri-rTk'ra tez, C.
Eurydamas. fl-rYd'4-mds, C.
Eurydemua, n'tT-de'mf.s, C.
Eurydice, H-r)d'Y-sC, C.
Euryelus. n'rY-e'lus, C.
EurymachUB, n-rYr/a-kfls, C
Euryraede. w\fit vf Olavcut, d-rYm'-

r-.l " : tlauyhtcr of iLmus, Q/rY-

me'df. C.
Eurymedon, 0-rYm'f-dPn. C.
Eurymenae, fl-rYin'f-nf; -nefl.-ngz, C.
Eury;thenes, n-rls'tliC-niiz, C
Euryatheus, n-rYa'thC-tls or -thtls, C.

ft, e, Y, fl, n. Ions ; ft, P, Y, 0, n, y, muri ; senate, Cvent, Idea, fibcy, finite, care, arm. ask, (til, flnnl.
ii, iiibUcul i C, Classical i E, Kicyptiau t IL Hindoo i M, Modern i N. None. [See page i'J7.\

EUSEBES

Buaobes. 0'sP-b5z, C.

Eu=ebia. " ivo.iuu, n-s5'bT-a i a city,

U'-,-.T'a. C.
Eusebhu. n-be'bY-fis, C.
Euitathius, n-stjf thVus.G'.
Eujtneaes Ub'tliL'-nez, C.
Eutarpe, Q-ttSKp?, U.
Euthymenes, fi-tUTnf P-nez, C.
Euthymus, ti-thf nms, C.
Eutic'hes, U-tfkez, C.
Eutropius, fl-tro'pi-us, C.
Eutychus, u'tf-kiis. B. & C.
Euxenidas. Og-zen'Vdas, C.
Euxenon, uks'P-non, C.
Euxine, fikfln, .1/.
Evadne. P-vad'nP, C.
Evage3. eVa-iOz, C.
Evagoras, 6-vBg'o-ras ; -ore, -6-tG. C.
Evander. P-vaif dpi, C.
Evangelus, C-vaif jc-lus, C.
Eve. §v, H.

Evemerus, t-v"nf P-rfls. C.
Evenor, P-ve'n6r ; Evenua, -nus, C.
Evora. f v'O-rii, Jf.
Evreux. eVHr, Jf.
Ewart. u'Prt. if.
Ewing. O'Tnj:, Jf.
Exuma, Pgz-tfma, if.
Eyck Ik, Jf.
Eyiau. T'lou, M.
Eyre, ar, Jf.
Ezar. e'ziir. B.
Ezeklel. P-ze'kVel, 5.
Ezias P-zT'as, B.
Ezra, ez'ra, /?.
Ezron, ez'rOn, B.

F.

Fabii. fa'ht-T ; Fablus, fa'bVus, C.

Fabricius. la-bri.-if i-us, C.

Fabroni, fl-brtJ'nfi, Jf.

Fabyan or Fabian, ia'bT-an, Jf.

Faenza, fiWif /.a, Jf.

Faemlae. i b'ri-lP, C.

Fafnir, faf'nPr. W.

Fahrenheit, fa'rwn-htt, M.

Falckenstein, fal'ki ii-.-tTn'. Jf.

Falconer. 1 ik'nPro/ hf k<n-?r. Jf.

Faleria. fk-Wtl-A : Falerii, -rl-l, C.

Falerina, ial'P-rl'na, C.

Falernus, la-lPr'nuB, C.

Falieri, fu-IP-a'rP, Jf.

Falkirk. 1 '.I'kPrk, Jf.

Falkland, fak'land, Jf.

Falmouth, fal'miith. Jf.

Falun or Fahlun, fif loon, Jf.

Faneuil, fun'Tl, Jf.

Faraday, lafa-dft, Jf.

Farnese. far-nez' ; It. fur-iiS'a), Jf.

Faro. fef rfJ, Jf.

Faroe ta'rrt or fa'rp-p, Jf.

Farquhar, fiir'kwiir or far'kiir. Jf.

Fatima. fa-tP'nv'i w- Lift-ma. Jf.

Fauna, t .'na : Faunas, -nua, C.

Fauquier, f i-kPf. M.

Faust fouat or feat, Jf.

Faustina. fas-tfna. C

Fauitulua. faa'tu-Kle, C.

Fauvera. f-ve'ra, J/.

Faventia. fa-vPif bhl-a, C

Fave favr. .'/.

Fayal. IT- .J'. .If.

Fayette fl'i f . Jf.

FayettevilleJa'Pt-vTl, Jf.

Fayoum. H-fiKm', .'A.

Fecamp. fifkOx', Jf.

Fedor I d' Pr, — F'KonoR, J/.

Feeiee * Fi.u. fS'jP, V.

Feiii fl'llka. I'- i C.

Feneion, fPn'MQn ; /■'• fan'lu.N' or

• - ' . Jf.
Fenria. f if rTs. X.
Feodor. iir,M>. IA
Feodoua. (t-6-dO'it-A, M.
Ferentum. ft-r if turn, C

509

i Fermanajgh, fTr-nian'A, M.

Fernandina, iPi-inn-dE'iia, Jf".
! Ferney, Kr'nl or lgi-ua', JI.
j Ferrara, fOr-ra'ni, M.

Ferro, icr'ro, Jf,

Ferrol, lrr-rof , .1/.
| Festui, fSs'tas. /}.
I Feuerfcach, fof Sr-bak, Jf.

Feversham. f: VDi-sliam, M.

Fezzan, loz-ziiif , .1/.

Fichte, flk't ', .1/.

Fidena, ft-de'na ; FidenaB, -nf, C

Fieichi, it-> "f kP, M.

Fie.ole, fycs'u-m, or Fesole, fC8r-
.-lc, J/.

Flgeac, ft'zhak', M.

Figueras, fS-g3'r&8, Jf.

Fiji. Feejee, le'jP, .1/.

Fingal, 1 in'g<il or ITn-gsif , Jf

Fini3tere, fTn'is-taf . 51.

Finland, fln'lond, Jf.

Firdousi, -dauai, -dual, fer-dou'sP,

FLsme, fEm, Jf

Fiume, fe-do'inl. Jf.

Flanders, flaif dPr/, Jf.

Flandin, flBx'diw', Jf.

Flavia. fla'vT-a i Flavins. -tT-JJb, C.

Flavina, fla-vi'mi ; Flavinia, flii-

vnfT-a. C.
Flensburg. fljns'bdbrg. Jf.
Fieury, fre'rB'. Jf.
Flora flo'ra. C.
Florence, flOfens ; It. Firenze, £6-

r nf aS, .V.
Flores. fl<f rfis, Jf.
Florida. fl5rrT-da, Jf.
Fl jgel or Fluegel. flif eel, M.
Flushing, fl islflng, .17.
Foggia. fSd'ja, .1/.
Fogla. lof vii. Jf.
Fuhr, if r. or Fohrde, fpr'de, 31.
Foix. iwa, Jf.
Foiigno. fu-leif y?i, Jf.
Fondi. iOif dP, Jf.
Fontaine. I5n-taif , Jr.
Fontainebleau. inN'tin'blS', Jf.
Fontanelle. I8n-ta-nff , J/.
Fontenay, tGv'te-nl,', if.
Fontenoi, fOn-te-nof ; F. foNt'nwii',

M.
Forbes, Eng., fOrbz i Scot., ibr' bz,

M.
Forli. fttr-lg'. Jf
Fonnentera, fOr-mPn-tE'ra, Jf
Formiae. lo 'inT-P. C.
Formosa, lOr-mO'sa, Jf
Forshey, ffifsht. .If.
Furater or Foerster. fPr'stPr, Jf.
Forayth. rfir-»Itif, Jf.
Fortescue. lor't »-k(J, Jf.
Fortuna. fflr-ttl'na, C.
Fortunatua. foi'tn-nu'tQa, B. k. C.
ForulU. mfO-lT, ( .
Foicari. IBa-ka'rt, if.
Foichiui. in^-kP'nP. Jf.
Foicolo. i

Fotheringay. fr.rii'Pr-in-ga'. Jf.
Fouchi, IikPkIiiI'', M.
Foucher. fiWahl', V.
Foujerea. !"</zliaf , Jf.
Foulij. inii^Jjs; Scot, foulz, it.
Foi!quea,_fcx'k. M-
Fouqu', fix/kif . Jf.
Fouvier. 155'rt f . U

Founder, fnBfnf-i'. M.
Foyen or Fyera. fT'trx, Jf.
Fracaitoro. frii-kaa tfl'n*. If.
France, rrkna i /'. frOKa, .'/.
France<ca. fnin-ch a'k
Franche Comt-. \x^^ kftn'tl', Jf.
Francois

Franconia. iran-kr.'nl-a, Jf.
Frankens*' . «»Tn. .If

Frankfort. ";1nk'iC't . '. Frankfurt

Innk'-
Fraunhofer. fronn'hf-fJr, Jf.
Freiberg, lrl' btrg. Jf.

GAPETCH

Freiburg, frf'bfrgor frT'Mftrg, Jf.
Freiiigrath, frt'le^rkt', Jf.
Frtluj. n-.'/lmf , .1/.
Frelinghuysen, Ire'lTng-hT'/en. ,V.
Frexoat, M-m&nt'i /'. Frtmont,

'. Jf.
Freron. frU'rCji', Jf.
Fresnel, frft'ni f , .If.
Freund. froint, M.
Frev. I I, Jf.
Freytag. irf tiie. Jf
Friedland. frPf hint, Jf.
Fiiej, Iri
Fiieiland, frez'^/nd j Vrlealand,

Ires'liint, M.
Frobi3her. frObTah-er, Jf.
Froiasart, frois'sart ; F. frwa'sar'.

M.
Fuentes, fwPif t
Fuertaventura, fwertt-vtn-tSS'r*,

M.
Fulton, foTiftrm, Jf.
Fuivia, fuf vi-;i : Fulvius, -vl-Qa, C
Funchal. foSn-ehaf, il.
Fanen. nfnni, .1/.
Fnrneaux, fur7 no', Jf.
Firth, mi t. Jf.
Fuseli. la'se-ll; GSwiu Fueasll.

Uls'lP. Jf.
Fu:'ia, ffl'ehT-* ; Fusius, -ehl-aa. C.
Fyers= Fotehs, Jf.
Fyzabad, ii'za-bad', Jf.

G.

Gabala. eSh' :i-k"i ■■ -alez, -A-lez. C.

Gatatha. Gabbatha, gab'bd-tha, B.

Gatii.ua' bi -I. C.

Gabriel, gu'brt- I, P..

Gadara. ead'a-r4, li. (f C.

Gades. ^a'dcz, C.

Gaea. je'a, C.

Gaertner. G rtner, gitrf nPr, if.

Gaeta. ^-a-a'ta. Jf.

Gaetuli. jutrf IT: -tulia. -ta'lT-d, C.

Gail, eal or -if P. .1/

Gainsborough. ganz'biir-rP', Jf.

Gaius. kI'vun H.

Gakoko. L'ii-ko'k*. Jf.

GalapaToa. pol'a-pi'eBa, if.

Galashiels, eal'a-ahflz', Jf.

Galatea. gil'ft-tC'a, C

Galctia. ga-li'ohT-4, B. V C.

Galatz. L'.f hits. Jf.

Galeed pll't- d. B.

Galena, gi-le'na. .If.

Galgala.gaft'ft-1'i. B.

Galicia. c'-lTi-lf vii. Jf.

Gali'rnani. eii-IPn-\ if nP, Jf.

Galiloea. gil'I-U '

Galileo, trafvlf

Galileo. eal'Y-15'ti Tt

Gall, ed ; <i ril Jf.

Gallatin. rtfla-tTn, Jf.

Gallaudet. pai-li-d f . Jf

Gallia, irl '

Galllenua. L-ai'M-fnTs

Gallio. u'arli-n. /'.

GaUipc: '.lipolia.

-i ', < i-vi.f , Jf.

Galloway. L-al'l" -
Gait, u" It. U

Galveston. u'B '
Galway - I'wt. •/
Gamael

-. \.B.
Gamtia

Gand .'"v. 1/

Ganeaa. urA-nS'«A. It.

GanKea. ptn'jCj i ffi'«'. Gunga, Jf.

Ganymedi

Gap. t

Gapetch. ^h' !>•"•. Jf.

fgrn. recent, urb. n.|de. full. Qrn, fPTjd. frtftt. nut. oil, cHnir. en, sing. Ink, then, thin, box.
B, Biblical i t', Clasaical i E, Egyptian , II, UidUoo i Jf, Modern i if, Norao. I8ee post 497.]

GARCIA

Garcia, Sp. giLr-thS'a ; Pg. gar-eS'a,

Garcias, gar-the-/as, 31.
Gardiner. gard'nSr, M.
Garenganze, ga'ien-gan'ze", M.
Garibaldi, gttr-T-b&l'dl or ga-r6-biiK-

dP. M.
Garofalo, ga-rCfa-lo', M.
Garonne, ga'rtin', M.
Gartner = Gaektner, 3f.
Garumna, ga-rflm'na, C.
Gascony, gas'kfi-nY, 31.
Gascoygne or -coigne, gas-koin", M.
Gasparin, gas'pa-rln or gas'pa/raN',

Gath, gttth, B.

Gau. g5 or gou, 3f.

Gaulthier, F., g^tS-a' ; <?., gouK-

ter, M.
Gauthier. Gantier. gfi'tg-a', M.
Gavarni, ga/var/ne/', M.
Gavazzi, ga-vafs? , 31.
Geant, zhii'SN', J/.
Geba. ge'ba, B.
Gedaliah, gPd-a-li'a, B.
Geddes. gfd'd^s, 31.
Gederaft, gf-de'ra. B.
Geelong, gf/16ng/r, 31.
Gene, yev'lft, M.
Gehazi. gf-ha'zt, B.
Gehenna, gf-hen'ni, B.
Geiger, gi'ger, 31.
Geijer. yi'er, M.
Gelderland, hel'dSr-lant, 31.
Gell. jel, 31.
Gellert. grl'15rt, M.
GemaUi. gf-m&Kli. B.
Gemariah, g" m-a-n 'a, B.
Gemini, j m'Y-m, C.
Geminius, jf-mYn'Y-tis, C.
Geminus, j'm'T-nus, C- ; the astrono-
mer, jf-mi'ntis, 3f.
Genesareth, ge"-n~s'a-re'th, B.
Genese, j n'e-s?, C.
Genesee, j?n-e"-se/, M.
Geneseo, jfn'e'-se'o, 31
Genesis. j'n'e"-sYs, B.
Genet, jg-not' or zh'na', 3f.
Genetor, j-n'f-tSr, C*.
Geneva, jS-ne'va or i"n'e"-va, C. ;

jc-ne'va, M. ; F. Geneve.zhe-nav'';

G Genf. ganf, .1/.
Gengis, or Jengiu, Khan, iCn'gYs-

kan or -ka-i, 31.
Genii or Jenil, hfi-nel', M.
Genius, je'nT-fls, C.
Genlis, zhoN'le', 31.
Gennesaret, gm-ncVa-re't, B.
Genoa, j<" nT-a, C. &r 31. ; It. Genova,

j n'n-va, M.
Genovesi, ia-nC-va'ze", 3f.
Genseric, jtii's-er-Yk, 3f.
Gensonnd, zhBN'sf/nS', 3f.
Geoffroy. E»o., j f'frTi F.. Geoffroy

or Geoffroi, zli&f'frwa', 3t.
Georgia, jdr'jY-A, 31.
Georgica! te-Or'jY-ks-, C
Gera, ^a'rii, 3f
Gera. Gerah. ge'ra, B.
Gerando, zlu-rBN'do', M.
Gerar. ue'riir, B.
Gerard, ier'enl or je-rard' ; F. Q6-

rard. zht'riir'', 31.
Gertier, zheVbf-S', 31.
Gerda. K8r'd4, N.
Gerizim, gSr'T-zYm, B.
Germania, jer-ina'nY-a, C.
Germanicus, iOr-man'Y-ktis, C.
Germanii, jrr-ina'nY-T, C
Germanus, .jDr-ina'iins, C.
Germany. j5r' mu-nY, 31.
Gerona. ha'r5-na, 31.
Gerry. ger'rY, M.
Gers. zIht, M.
Gershora. gCr'shfim, B.
Gerson, F. zheVsON' ; G. gCr'sGn,

M.
Gervala, zheVva', 31.

510

Gervalse, zhBr'vaz', M.

Gesenius, g5-se/'nY-us ; O. g3-zS'-

n?-dbs, M.
Ge8ham, gg'sham » -ehem, ehfim,

Gesner, gPs'nCr, M.

Gessler, g s'lgr, M.

Geta, je'ta ; Getae, -«, C.

Gethsemane, g tli-s'm'a-nf, B.

Gettysburg, grt/Tz-burg, it.

Getulia, jO-tu'H-a, C.

Gex, zhcks, M.

Geysers, gi'serz, M.

Ghauts, gats, M.

Gheel, gal, M.

Ghent, gont ; F. Gand, g5N, M.

Ghibertl, gT-ber'tf, M.

Gibbon. irTb'brm, M.

Gibea, Gibeah, gYb'S-a, B.

Gibeon, grb'P-un, B.

Gibraltar, jY-braKter ; Sp. hS-bral-

tar', .)/.
Gideon, g'fd'P-Hn, B.
Giossen, ges'sen, M.
Gifford, gYf rf5rd and ;Yf 'fgrd, M.
Gijantes, it-gan>[tez, C.
Gi^noux, zhtn'yoo', M.
Gyon. lif-hon'', M.
Gila, he'la, M.
Gilboa, gYl-bo'd, B. «,• M.
Giload, gYKe-ad, B. S,- M.
Giles, iilz, M.
Gilford, gYl'igrd, M.
Gilgal, gll'gal, B.
Gilles, zhel, M.
Gillespie, gYl-1's'pS, M.
Gillot, zl\5/y5,1 M.
Gillott, gYKttt, M.
Gillray, gYl'rft, i.1.
Gilly, zhS^ye', M.
Gilolo, liS-fo'ln, M.
Ginambansa, jYn'Sm-ban'sA, M.
Ginungagap, ge-noon'ga-g&p, N.
Gioberti, jn-bSr't*, M.
Giocondo. jn-kfin'do, M.
Gioja or Gioia, jo'ya, M.
Giordano, ior-da'nS, M.
Gior^ione, ior-jorna, M.
Giotto, iotart, M
Giovanni, jd-vanrn?, M.
Girard. jY-rard' ; F. zhe'rar', M.
Girardin, zh6/rar/dSN,1 M.
Giraud, zh^ro", M.
Girjeh or Djirdjeh, .jer'jS, M.
Girjenti, jor-j^n't?, M.
Gironde, zhc/rdNd/', M.
Gisborne, gYz^bern, M.
Gita Nzege, je'ta 'n-ze'g?, M.
Gitschin or Giczin, glch'Yn, M.
Gittaim.gTt'ta-Ym, B.
Gizeh, gerz5, M.
GjbU or Gjbl, gyCl, M.
Glamorganshire, gla-mSr'gan-shPr,

M.
Glarus, glar'dfis, M.
Glasgow, glas'go, if.
Glaatonbury, glas'tin-bPr-Y, M.
Glatz, gliits, M.

Glauber, gla'bCr or glmi'bSr, M.
Glauchau, glou'kou, M.
Glaucus, glri'ktis, C.
Glelg, gig, M.
Gleim. glim, M.
Gleiwitz. gli'vYts, M.
Glendower, girn'dou-Sr, M.
Glenelg, gl n-Plg', M.
Glogau. glO'gou, M.
Gloucester. gWs'tSr, M.
Gluck, glotik, M.
Glick, gluk, if.
Gmelin. g'ma'lYn, M.
Gmir. g'iner, X.
Gmind, g'mnnt, or Gmunden,

tr'mun'den, M.
Gmund. g'mrtfmt, M.
Gneisenau, g'nl'ze-nou, M.
. Gobay, go' hit, M.
I Gobelin , g5b'e-lYn ; F. goM&N', M.

GRUNBERG

Godavery, g6-da'v5r-6, M.
Godolphin, gfi-dOKfYn, M.
Godunov, Godounov, or Godonow.

grs-doS-nOf, M.
Goes, hotis, M.
Goethe = Gothe, M.
Golconda, g51-k5n'dd, M.
Goldoni, g5l-d5'ni?, M.
Gold3chmidt, golt'shmYt, M.
Goldsmith, gold'smYth, M.
Golgotha, gBl'gfi-tha, B.
Goliath, go-H'ath, B.
Gombroon, gom-broon', M.
Gomer, go'mer, B.
Gomorrah, Gomorrha, gC-m8r'ra, B.
Gondar. gon'dar, M.
Gondokoro, gOn'do-ko'rC, M.
Gonja, gon'ia, M.
Gonzasa, gon-za'gii, M.
Gonzalez, g5n-za'l('s, M.
Gonzalo, gbn-tha'!?), M.
Goochland, gooch'Iand, M.
Gordius, g6r'dY-ris, C.
Gorgei or Gbrgey, gSr'gS ; G. g6r'-

Gorges, g&r'i^z, M.

Gorgias, gor'it-as, B. (f C.

Gorgona, g6r'gfi-na; -nes, -nez, C.

Gorgonia. g6r-g5rnY-a, C.

G rlitz. ser'lTts, M.

Gortchakov, Gortchakow, or Gor-

tchakoff, g6rrcha-kol, M.
Gortyna, g6r-tl/'na, B. $,■ C.
Goshen, go'shen, B. If M.
Gotha. -S'ta, M.
GL the or Goethe, gS'tc, M.
Gothenburg, got 'en -berg, M.
Gothland, gSth'land, 31.
Gottingen, get'tYng-^n, M.
Gouda, gou'da; D. hou'dd, M.
Gough, g5f or g6f, 31.
Gower, gou'er or gor, M.
Goyaz, gO-yaz', 31.
Goyen, gwT"n, M.
Graaf. graf , 31.
Graciosa, gra-sf-o'sa, 31.
Graecia, gre'shY-a, C.
Graeme, gram, 31.
Graets or Grats, grSts, 3f.
Grammont, gram'moN', M.
Grampians, gram'pY-anz, 31.
Granada, gra-na'da, 3f.
Granger, gtan'jgr ; F., grSx'zha',

Granville, U. S., gran'vYl ; F ., grSN'-

veK, 3f.
Grasse, gras, 3f.
Gratian, gra'shY-fin, C.
Gratiot, grash'Y-Qt, M.
Grattan, graft'n, 3f.
Gra-tz or Graetz, grgts, M.
Grau. grou, 31.
Gravelines, grav'len'. 3f.
Gravesend, gravz'end, M.
Gravina, g_ra-ve''na, M.
Grecia, gre'shY-a, B. Sf C.
Gredr, gre'dSr, A'.
Greece, gres, B_. & 31.
Greenough, gren'6, 3f.
Greenwich. greu'wYch or grYn'Yj, M.
Gregorius, grt-go'rY-fls, C.
Grenada, greVnS'da, a W. hvhan

viand {not Granada, in Spain),

Grenoble, grJ-no'b'l, M.
Gresham, gr si i Tim, 3f.
Greville or Grevile, gr&vTl, 3f.
Grimaldi. grC-maKde, 31.
Grindolwald, grin'tVl-valt', M.
Grinnell. grtn'CK, M.
Griqualand. gre'kwil-iand, 31.
Grisons, grC'zoN', il.
Groningen, liro/'nYng-hi:n, 3f.
Groot. iriOt, 3f.
Grosvenor. gro'ven-Pr. M.
Grotius, grB'shT-He, 31.
Grouchy, groo-sliC, 31.
Granberg. grun'berg, M.

u, 5. T, 0, a, long i &, P, Y. 5, 11, J, short ; senate, fvcnt, idea, obey, nunc, care, arm. Ask, all, final
B, Biblical i C, CUaaical ; E, Egyptian 1 H, Umdw 1 M, Modern 1 N, None. [See page 197.]

GKYNEUS

Gryneua, A]>ollo, grY-ne'fis ; a Cen-
taur, grl/nc-us or grl'nus, C.

Guadalajara, gwa-da-la-ha'ra. If.

Guadalquivir, gwft-dal-ke-vBr, M.

Guadalupe, ga-da-lo5p/' ; Sp. gwa-da-
luo'p-i, 31.

Guadiana, gwii-df-a'na, It.

Guarda. gwar'da. If.

Gua80, gwa'zi), .1/.

Guastalla, gwus-tul'lii, M.

Guatemala, ga-te-ma'la ; Sp. gwa-ta-
ma'la, 3t.

Guayama, gwt-a'ma, It.

Guayaquil^wi'a-kel^ 31.

Gudrun, g55d/rd"&n, A.

Guelph, gwull'; It. Guelfo, gwfcl'fo,

Guercino, gwPr-chC"'nfi, M.
Guernsey, ggrn'zY, .)/.
Guglielmo. ^ool-y.Kmo, If.
Guiana o/ Guyana, gf-ii'na, It.
Guicowar L >_' w I k'fl- w e r, .V.
Guidi, gwg'de", 31.
Guienne. ge'en'. 31.
Guignes, gen, 31.
Guignon, KPn'vfSN', 3f.
Guildford, Guilford, grl'fgrd, 3f.
Guinea, g n'o, 31.

Guiot, '-.'i/o', 31.

Guipuzcoa, K^-l'ooth'kO-ii, 3f.
Gui3card, ges'kar', 31.
Guiie. gez, 31. _

Guizot. 'iv.'Vt.o' or gf'zo', M.
Gujerat. gooj-Sr-at', 31.
Gulitoppr, j;r7oKt<5[)r, X.
Gumba. gum'bi, .)/.
Gundwana, frfind-wa'nA, 31.
Guanar, l; n'nar, N.
Ginther. gun'tSr, 31.
Guyandott, gl-an-dSt', 31.
Guyon, jrl'nn or gC'oN', 31.
Guyot. zv'<S_, 31.
Guzerat, goo/.-er-iif , M.
Guzman, sooth-man', 31.
Gwalior. gwa'lt-dr M._
Gwengwere. gwfin _wa'rll, M.
Gyula, dyOo'TS, 31.
Gzhatsk, gzhatsk. If.

H.

Haahashtari, ha'a-hash/ta-rY, B.

Haarlem, bar7! in. 31.

Habakkuk, hab'ak-kuk or ha-bak'

k .k, Li.
Habbacuc. hab'ba-kiik. B.
Habsburg. haps'boorg, 31.
Hadad, liS'd&d, li.
Hadadezer, h&d'ad-e'ze'r, B.
Hadar. Iia'dar, /;.
Hadashah, had'a-orha-da'sha, B-
Hadassah. ha-das'sa, B.
Hades, ha'dez, C.
Hadlai. Iifid'lnr-T, B.
Hadoram. ha-dd'ram, B.
Hadrach. ha'drak, li.
Hadramaut had-ra-motit', M.
Hadrianus. ha'drY-a'nfis, C.
Hadrumetum, h&d'ru-me'tQm, C.
Haemera. hr-mg'ra, C.
Haemus, he'mus, V.
Hafiz. hii'tTz, 31.
Hagar. ha'L'ar, B.
Haggal. hag'ciM, B.
Haggi. Iiil-'L'I, /!■
Haggiah, h&g-Cl'a, B.
Hague, lia„', 31.
Hahn, bin, 31.
Hahnemann, ha'ne-man, It-
Hai. lia'I, li-
Hainan. hT-nan', If..
Hainault, h i'n5', .V-
Hakluyt, hak'loot. It.
Hakodadi. ha-kiVda'd<». M.
Kalcyone, h&l-sI'O-nP, C
Haldeman. hOl'de-mon, If.

511

Hallcarnaasufl, hal'l-kar-naVbfiB, B.

&• C.
Halifax, hal'Y-f&ks, 31.
Halket, hal'ku or h&k'Ct, If.
Halle, hiil'le, 31.
Hamadan, ha-ma-diin', If.
Hainan, lia'man, B.
Hamath. ha'math, B.
Hamburg, ham' bgrg; Q. ham'bd&rg,

Hameln, ha'mgln. If.
Hamilcar, ha-mll'kiir, C.
Hammelech, liain'me-16k, B.
Hamor, hS'm6r, B.
Hampshire, hamp'shSr, 31.
Hanani, ha-na'iiT or h&u'a-nl, B.
Hananiah, haii'a-m'a, li.
Handel, h&n'd.l; G. Handel, hcn'-

.1 I, 31.
Hannah, han'na, B.
Hannibal, lian'nT-bal, ('.
Hanover, han'd-v5r ; G. Hannover,

lian-nd'vCr, 31.
Haran, ha'ran, B.
Harcourt, E. har'kCrt; F. ar'koor'.

M.
Hardicanute, har'de-ka-nQt', 31.
Hardinge, hiir'dlng, 31.
Harlem, har'lem, M.
Harmodius. har-mo'dT-Qs, C.
Harmonia. liar-ino'nT-fi, C.
Harmonious. har'mO-nl'kQa. C.
Haroun-alRaschid, ha-rSon'al-rSah'-

Kl. or Harun- or Haroun-er-Ra-

shid. ha-roou'er-rii-slied', 31.
Harwich, har'rlj, 31.
Harz <>r Hartz, harts. It.
Hasdrubal, has'dru-bal, C.
Hastings, nist'Tngz, .1/.
Hatteras, haftSr-os, 31.
Hauran, ha'ran, li.
Hauser, hou'zSr, M.
Hautefeuille, ot'151', M.
Ha 'y, a' we', .)/.
Havana, ha-van'a, 31.
Haverhill. ha'v5r-YI, 31.
Havre de Grace, hav'Sr de gras, If.
Hawaii, ha-wl'8, 31.
Haydn, lia'dn ; G. Iil'dn, J/.
Haynau, MT'nou, ,)/.
Hayti or Haiti, lia'tt ; F. ii'i-'te', 31.
Hazael. haz'rr- 1, li.
Hazaiah, lia-za'yi, B.
Haziel. ha'zf- 1, B.
Hazor, lia'zflr, li.
Hazubah, haz'fl-ba, B.
Hazzurim, haz'zn-rlm, B.
Hebe, he'br, C.
Heber. liS'bCr, li. &• 31.
Heberden. heb'8r-d«n, 31.
Hebrides, hrb'rl-dez, .)/.
Hebron, he'brrin, B. \ M.
Hecate, h k'a-te, C.
Hecla. h k'la, .)/.
Hecuba. hPk'n-ba, C.
Heeren. Iia'rcn, 31.
Hege. lie^jP, li.
Hegel, ha'^'l, 31.
Hegesibulus hP-j^T-ba'lns, C.
Hegesistratus, h ■j'r-His'tra-ttls, C.
Hege3tratU8, hf-j s'tni-ttis, C
Heidelberg, hl'dl-bi'rg, 31.
Hoilbronn, hll'brtJn', '/•
Heimdal, liTin'diil, .V.
Heine, UVnr, 31.
Heinroth. hln'rtt, M.
Heinse. IiIu'm', 31.
Hel. h 1. y.
Hela. he' hi. If.
Helena, h IT-n '>. C.
Helena, Saint, sunt hMe'na, X
Helenor, li -le'nOr, C.
Helenus. h l'o-nQs, C.

Helgd. halV1. N.
Helicon, h l'I-k5n.

a

Hellconladei. h l'T-krt-nl'a-diz, C
Heliconis. h. I'r-k0'ni». C.
HeUgoland, hCl'I-gC-land, 31.

HEZEKIAH

Heliodorus. hS'lY-fi-dO'rfiR, B. 4f C.
Heliogabalua, hc/lT-0-gftb/'4-la» or

lu-li'Sg-a-bS'lns, C.
Helion. hS'H-On, C.
HeUopoUs, lie'lf-Op'6-lYs, C.
HelleneB, hcl-le'nez, C.
Hellespont, hel'liB-pSnt, 31.
Hellespontus, hM'l b-pOu'tas, C.
Helsingfors, hel'stng-fftiV, 31.
Helsingoer, hil'stng-5'Sr, If.
Helvellyn. hel-vi I'lm, 31.
Helvetia, hel-vS'shY-a, C. V M.
Helvoetsluys, hol'vOot-blois', 31.
Heman, bS'man, B.
Hemans, h in'anz, 31.
Heanault, ,1'no'. .)/.
Hengist, In n'gYst, If.
Henke, li, n'"k<, 31.
Henkel, hcnk'el, 31.
Henlopen, lun-lo'pSn, M.
Hennequin, ('n'ka.N', .1/.
Henriko, ben-rf'kO, .)/.
Henriques, f n-rc'kis, 31.
Hephaestia, a town, lit-f?s'tY-a ; a

festival, ngf'ee-H'a, C.
Hephzibah, lu'f'zl-ba, B.
Hera. Iie'ni, C.
Heraclea. lur'a-kle'a, C.
Heracles. hfeVa-klez, C.
Heracletus, hcr'a-kle'tils j -acleum.

-a-kle'um : -aclia, -a-kll'a, ' .
Heraclitus, hc-r'a-kll'tus. C.
HeracUus, her'a-kli'Qs, C.
Herat. Ii0r-iit', 31.
Herault. Tro', .)/.
Herculaneum. hCr/kfi-la'n6-am or

heVkn-l:Mie'Qni, C.
Hercules. hSKkfl-lez, B. 4- C.
Herculeum. hCr-ku'lf-um, C
Hercyna. hei-sl'na, C.
Hercynia. hor-sTn'Y-a, C.
Herder. liOr'der or hCr'dSr, If.
Hereford. lu"r'«'-fPrd, 31.
Herkimer. h5r'kY-mPr, 31.
Hermaphroditus, h5r-maf rO-dl'tQs,

Hermias. h5r-mT'as orhgr'mY-as, C.
Herminius, lif r-mYn'Y-'
Herminus. lifr-mY'iiils, C.
Hermione. h.Sr-mI'6-nl
Hermiones, h5--ml'0-nez or h?r'-

■ nl-o'iu-z, ('.
Hermionis. liDr-ml'i^-nYs, C.
Hermippus, hCr-mYp'pus, C.
Hermocle8. hCr'mO-klez, C.
Hermoclides. hPr'niH-kli'dez, C.
Hermocrates, hur-niuk'ra-te/, C.
Hermocratia. her-ino'kra-tl'a, C.
Hermogenes. hPi-inOj'f-nez, B 5r C.
Hermolaus, hPr-mO-la'us, C.
Hero, hS'ro, C.
Herod. hSr'Od, li.
Herodes. hP-rO'dez, C.
Herodias. hf-rO'dY-as. B.
Herodotus. h?-r5d'0-tQs, C.
Herois. lir-rfi'Ys, C.
Heron. hi'rBn, C.
Herostratus, hp-r5s'tra-tn§. ('.
Herrera. ftr-ri'ra, 31.
Herschel. hCr'shel, M-
Hertford. Bng., har'iOrd; U. S ■ h«rf -

rerd, 31.
Hervey. hCr'vY or hiir'vY. 31
Herzegovina, ' M .

Herzog. hrit'-'_r. M.
Heshbon. hPsh'Mn, /.'.
Hesiodus. ht-rt'O
He3ione. hC-«I'8-n8 ; -ones,-*
Hesper

Hesperus, h
Hesperia.

Hesperldes, h-s-pcr'T-.l.
Hesse, hf-i i G. Hessen, iu»'ien, M
Heth, hr-th. li.
Heylln, ha'Ifn, It.
Heyne. hl'n?, 3f.
Heyse. hT'z'. 31.
Hezekiah. h.z't-kY'A. B.

fSrn, recent. 6rb, rude, full, nrn, ffiod, W>t. out, oil, chnlr. go, sing, ink, then, thin, bo*.
B, BibUcal \ C, Classical \ E, Egyptian ; II, Hindoo i II, Modern i A\ Norse. [Set page Wl.)

HEZRO

512

IONE

Hozro, hPz'rft : Hezron, hez'rOn, B.

Hiberaia, )it-ber'»l-a, C.

Hiadai. hYd'da-1, B.

Iiiempsal, ht-emp'sal, C.

hiera, un islanll, hVi-nt a person,

ni-e'ra. C.
Hierapolis, hl'e--rflp'6-lYs, B. if C.
Hierichus, ht-tr'i-kus, C.
Hiero, hl'C-rO, C.
Hierocles, hl-Cr'o-klez, C.
Hieroclides, M'e-rO-kirdSz, C.
Hieronica, hl'e-rOn'T-ka, C.
Hieronicae. hl'C-ro-M'sc", C.
HieronymuB, lit'C-rOii'i-nius.B. if C.
Hierophon, M-CKO-fSn, C.
Hierosolyma, hT'e-ro-sBl'l-ini, C.
Hierusalem, lii'P-roo'sa-Lm, H.
Highlands, hl'landz ; Scot, he'-

l«ndz, if.
Hilaria. lit-15'rY-a : -rio, -rf-8, C.
Hildburghausen, InU'bdojg-hou'zen,

Hildesheim, hrl'des-Mm', M.

Hilkiah, hYl-kl'a, B.

HUo, hS'to, M.

Himinbjbrg, hTin'Yn-bySrg, 2V.

Himalaya, li.m-ii'la-ya ; ojten pron.

hlm-ri-la'ya, if. _
Hindoo-Koosh. htn 'doo-koosh, M.
Hindostan, -dustan, hYn-du-stan ,M-
Hinnom, liiir num. /;.
Hipparchus, hrp-par'kus, C.
Hippia. hlp'oY-a :-pius. -pY-fis, C.
Hippobotes. h fp.poVr.-t5z, C.
Hippocleas. Iilp-po'klr-as, C.
Hippocoon. hTp-pok'n-Bn, C.
Hippocrates, hTp-pBk'ra-te/, C.
Hippocratia, liTp'pn-kra-ti'a, C.
Hippocrene. hTp-pr-k-e'ne', C'.
Hippodamas, hi'p-pod'a-mas, C.
Hippodamia, hTp'pn-da-nn'a, C.
Hippodromus, liYp-p5d'ro-mu8, C.
Hippolyte, hfp-porT-tS, C.
Hippolytus. hTp-pOl'T-tns, C.
Hippomachu8, hYp-pfSm'a-kris. C.
Hippomedon, hTp-pomT-d5n, C.
Hippomenes, hTp-pom't-nez,C.
Hippona, hip-pd'na, C.
Hipponoe, hip-pon'C-e, C.
Hiram, lu'roin,_/>.
Hiapania, hTs-i a'nT-ii, C.
Hi3paniola, hYs'pan-Y-6'In, M.
Hispanus, hYs-pa'nns, G.
Hoang-Ho. hr.-iing'ho'. if.
Hoboken. ho'bn-ken oyho-bS'ken, if.
Hoche, littsh, if.
Hochheim, hok'hlm, if.
H dr. liE'dr, V.
Hoefer, O hB'fBr: F . f/far', if.
Hoek or Hoeck, h<56k, it.
Hogarth, lio'garth, M.
Hohenlinden. noVn-1 ! n 'den , it.
Hohenlohe ho'en-ir.-e, if.
Hohenzollern. ho'en-tsSl'lern, it.
Holbach. hol'bak, if.
Holbein, hSl'bln, .1/.
Holinshed or Hollynshed, h&'Ynz-

h d. M.
Holland. hol'l'lnd : D hCl'lant, if.
Holofernes. hoTo-lOr'nez, Ji.
Holstein. hol'stln, it.
Holyhead. h8l'Y-hrd, M.
Homburg. hom'bdorfr, if.
Home. hfim ; Scot hum, if-
Homer. hfi'mfir. it.
Homerus. lir-mS'rne, C.
Honda. hftn'da ; S/>. Bn'dft,
Honduras, hon-doo'rfltB, M.
Honfleur, BN'flBr'. if.
Hong-Kong or Hongkong

IcBnir, .)/
Honiton, hBn'Y-tHn, if.
Honolulu. hr/m'-loo'loo, if.
Honorius. h*-nf>'rY-fis. C-
Hoo?ly or Hooghly, hoog'lY, M.
Hophni, hOi'in, /;.
Horatia, hO-rS'shT-a; Horatius, -»hY-

U8, V.

M.

h5ng'-

Horeb. hO'rfb, B.
Horem, hd'rcin, B.
Horonaim, li6r/i<-na'Ym, B.
Horteoaia, h6r-t. u'slil-a ; Horten-

siua. hoi-U-n'sla-ub, C.
Hosa. Hosah, ho'sa, B.
Hosea, li>-ze'a, B. 5c M.
Hoshea, ho-she'a, B.
Hostiiia, h6s-til'Y-a ; -itts, -Y-fis, C
Houston, lio'tn, M.
Houualow, hounz'ltj, M.
Housatonic, hoo-sa-tOn'Ik, if.
Houssa, liou'sa, M.
Houston, hUs'tQn, M.
Howe, Hou, M.
Howes, houz, M.
Hozier, o'zE-a'.Af.
Hraesvelgr, liras'vgl'gr ; Icelandic

hri.s'v. 1-gr, A.
Hrimthursar, hrem'toor-siir, X.
Hrungiar, liroong'ner, N.
Huelva, \*\ I'va, M.
Huesca, w. s'kii, if.
Huger, Q-je', if.
Hughes, huz, M.
Huldah, hul'da, B.
Humbert, hum'bSrt; F. tiN'b&r', if.
Humboldt, hQm'bolt ; G. hdom'bGlt,

Hun ding, hotm'dTng, if.

Hungary, hun'ga-rY, if.

Hur, her, B.

Hurdwar, liQrd-war', if.

Huron, hu'run, if.

Hushai, hu'sha. B.

Huskisson. hus'kTs-sun, if.

Huss or Hus, litis; G. lidos, if.

Hutten, hdot'ten, if.

Huy, hoi, M.

Huyghens, hi'gPnzor hoi'genz.J/.

Hven or Hveen, hvan, if.

Hyades, lil'a-dSz, C.

Hybla, hi' bid, V.

Hybrida. UYb'rY-da, C.

Hydaspes, ht-das'pez, B. if C.

Hyderabad, hT'der-a-bad'. M.

Hyder Ali, ht'dgr a'lf, it.

Hydra, hT'dra, C if if.

Hygea, hf-je'a ; -geia, -je'ya ; -gia,

-ji'ii ; -ginUB, -iT'nus, C.
Hylas. hr las ; -lax, -laks ; -le, -IS, C.
Hymen, hl'nirn, C
Hymenaeus. -neus, hl'mt-ne'lis, B.
Hymettus. hi -in t'tns, C.
Hyperbolus, lit-pCr'br-lns, C.
Hyperborei. hlp/5r-bo'rC-Iorht-p5r/-

I). -re'l, V.
Hyperia htp'f-rt'a, o>--rea, -re'a, C.
Hyperides, hlp't-rT'dez or hl-ptr'-

i-de/, C.
Hyperion, hYp'f-rl'Sn or ht-pe'rY-5n,

c
Hypermenes. ht-pgr'mf-iiSz, C.
Hypermnestra, hTp'grni-n s'tra, C.
Hypsicrates, hTp-sfk'ra-tez, C.
Hyrcania, her-ka'nY-a, C.
HyrcanuB, ligr-ka'nns. G.
Hyrmina, hgr-ml'na ; -ne, -n?, C.
Hyrnetho, li5r-ne'thft, G.
Hystaspes, hls-tas'pez, C
Hythe, hltb, if.

OSf For names in Enstem Enropo
nnd Asia beginning with I followed
hv n vowel, see Y ; as, Yakootsk
lor Iakoutsk.

Ia.T'% G.

Iacchua, T-ak'k«s, C.
Ianthe. tan'thf. C.
lanthea. Tan-tlie'ii, C.
Iapetus. t-Sn'Mtli, C.
Iarbas. t-iirMian, C.
Iarchas, t-iir'kris, C.

Iaxartes, I'aks-iir'tez, C

Iuitrra, C-bar'ra, M.

lobra, 1-be/rii, G.

Iueria, t-be'rY-a, C.

Iuerus, l-be'rus, C.

Ibid, I'bts, G.

Ibrahim, Yb-bra'hfm,if.

Icaria, t-ka'rl-a, (.'.

Icaris, lk'a-ris ; -ruB,-rii8, C.

Icciua, Tk'shi-iis, G.

Iceland, Is'land, if.

Ichabod, Ik'a-bbd, B. if M.

Iciliua, t-sil'i-tis, C.

Iconium, t-ko'nt-um, B. If C.

Ida, I'dA, C.

Idaho, I'da-hS, if.

Idalia, t-da'lY-a ; Idalie, t-da'lY-6,

G.
IdaUs, Yd'a-lYs, C.
Idea, a town, Yd'P-a ; daughter oj

D'ukius, t-de'a,C
Idomense. Idomene. T-dBm't-nS, C.
Idomeneus. l-d&m'i-nus, C.
Idumaea, Idumea. Yd'n-me'4, B.
Idume, t-du'iiK ; Idumea, Id'0-me'a,

Iglau. Yg'lou.Jf.

Ignatius. ig-na'sliY-Qs, C.

Ihuru. i-lioo'roo, if.

Ikelemba, YVa-Um'ba, M.

Ikengo. Tk- n'go, if.

Ikoko. lk-o'ku, if.

Ilfracombe. Yl'f ra-koom, M.

IliacuB. [-H'a-kfis, G.

Iliades, Y-li'a-dez, C.

Ilias, Yl'i-as, G.

Ilion, 11'Y-5n. C. & if.

Ilione. i-ll'ii-nt, <» Iliona. -J^-na, G

Ilioneus, lKl-o'nt-is or U-l'o-nQs, C.

Iiissus. l-li's'sfis, G.

Ilithyia. U'Y-thl'a, C.

Ilium. U'T-ttm, or Uion,tl'Y-5n, C.

Iile. el, if.

Illinois, Yl-lY-noi' or Tl-lY-noiz', M.

Illyria, Tl-ilr'l-- G. \ M.

Illyricum, Tl-lYr .-kf.m, B. i; C.

Itur.ga, Tl-oon'ga, it.

Iiungo, Tl-oon'go, it.

Imaus. Tm'it-us or t-ma'tis, C.

Imla. Imlah, Ym'la, ti.

Immanuel, Im-man'd-rl, B.

Imola, im'o-la, G. ; e'niO-la, if.

Inachus. Tn'ii-ki.s. G.

Ina Muana, e'na mwa'nR, if.

Indeman, tn'da-man', M.

India. m'dT-a, fi., C, v if.

Indiana. Tn-dY-an'a, .1/.

Indiacapolis, li/dT-an-ap'O-lYs, if.

Indicus, Tn'dl-ki b, G.

Indies, in'dTz, if.

IndigeteB.Vn-dTj'f-tez.otsoYn'dY-je'-

te/., ii jifojile, G.
Indogenes, Yn-d5K?-n5z, C.
Indore, Yn-d5r',lC
Indra. in'dra, ft.
Indre, axd'r, it.
Indus, Tii'dus, = Sindh, it.
Inez, e'n'z or i'ik'z, it.
Ingoldstadt, liig'61-stiit, if.
Ingres. ftNg'r, At.
Inkerman, ink-Pr-miin', if.
Inkissa, Tnkis's:'), .1/.
Innspruck. Tns'prook, if.
Ino. I'lio, G.
Inopus, 1-no'puB, C.
Inous. t-no'fis. G.
Inpegna, In-pB'nyi, if.
Interiaken or Interlachen, Yn't5r-

liik'en. if.
Inverness, Yn-v5r-nt«,', it.
Io. IT., G.
Iolchos, T-fil'k«s. C.
Iole. T'r.-lr;Ioli, I-C'IY, C.
loll, r-O'10, if.
Ion. I'Bn, G.
Iona. f-5'nii, if.
Io. e Antioch, 1-0'nC i o Nereid,

T'.-nr, c.

B, 5, Y, 3, tl, long ; ii, 5, Y, 8, H, f, short i scn.ltc, Cvent, tdca, obey, finite, care, ilrm, ask, nil, fmaL
Ji, Uioucai i C, Classical ; zV, tityyu au ; if, liiudoo ; M, Jdodera i A, Norse. [See potfe Hit.)

IONIA

Ionia, t-fl'nT-n, C. If it.

lope. I'r,-pr, r.

Iowa, l'u-«4. .)/.

Ipniclufl, iri-kliis ; Iphiclea, -kl5z,

Iphldamaa, T-fTd'a-mtls, C.
Iph.damia, lf'1-da-ml'a, C.

Ipiiigenia, Ifl-je-ul'a. C.

Iphimedon, i-l mi'i-don, C.

Ipnnnedusa, it'i-nn-du'sa, C.

Ipswich, lue'wicb, J/.

Ira. I'ra, B. , C.

Ireland, Ir'land, M.

IreusuB, Ti-i-ne'iis. C.

Irene, r-rS'ne" ; Irenl3, t-r«'nYs, C.

Ireton. Tr'tCin, M.

Iriarte or Yriarte, e'rc-iir'ta, if.

Iris s. C.

Irkootsk. er-kdotsk'. M.

Iroquois lr-0-kwoi', M.

Irrawaddy. Tr-ra-wBd'dY, .V.

Irtish or Irtysh, er'tiah, li,

Isaac 1 '/'(<, /_>. V M.

Isabey. S'za'bB'. AT.

Isacus t-d'kas, ('.

Isaiah Nza'yu, li.

Isinder. l-san'dCr, C.

Isanghila, h/an-ge'la. Jf.

Iaangi. P-san'gfi M.

Isauria. t-s i'rY-i. ('.

Iacariot. is-kttr'1- it, B.

Iachia, s'kP-ii, if.

Iachl. l«h"l, .1/

Iaeke, ~->5'k'\ M.

Iaer u Isar. 5'/0r, 31.

Here. ;'zar', M.

Iah-boaheth. Tsh-bfl'srtfth, B.

Iahmael. ish'mtt-i I. B.

Ishmxiah. Isli'miU'a, B.

Isia3 sii'i-as, C.

Isidora, Ts'l-dd'rd; -rus, -rfia, C.

Isis. r'a h. V., E., $■ M.

Iala.es' lii. M

Ialay. I'll, or IbU, T'la. It.

Islington, lz' luig-tan, it.

Islip. is' lip, M.

Iaraael, Is'm i- 1, C.

Ismail, is-mii-el', .1/.

Iamara, la'ina-ra ; -rus, -rfia, C.

Iameae, Is-mB'nC, C

Ismenu8, son of Apollo. Ys-me'nOa ;

<i Lilian, la'mS-nfie, (.*.
Iaoclea. is'f>-kle/., C.
Iaocratea. t-sok'n'i-tez, C.
Ispahan. la-pd-han', if.
Israel. :s'r.l- I or Tz'r.l-C-l, B.
Issachar. Ta'aa-kar, /,'.
Isioudun, r's-io'd in', .1/.
Isthmia, lstli'ml-a ; -miua, -nit-tia,

( '.
I3tria, Ya'trY-n, C. !c M.
Itali. It'a-lti -Ha, -Its; lua.-lils. C.
Italia, l-ta'll-d, C ; 11. C-ta'C-u,

M.

Italica, Y-tftl'Y-ka: -icua, -T-kfls, C.

Italy. U'a-IT. li. v .)/., = Italia.

Itaaca, r-tas'ka, M.

Ithaca. Ith'a-ka, V. Sr 31.

Ithaemenea, i-tli m'f-nez, C.

Itharaar, ith'a-mar, li.

Ithurei. rth'ft-ri

Itimbiri, P-tTni'M-rt, M.

Itrl. e'tn. .1/.

Ituraea or Itnrea, Yfu-re'a. B. 4

('.
Iturl. MoVr*. -V.
Itya.T'i
Iuka. t-Q'k'i. If.

IUliS, t-il'lis; IulUI.t-aluB, C

Ivan, r-viiii', M.
Ivi.a. *-ve'.~ii, .1/.
Ivrea. f-vraT/I, M.
Ivry, f v'le', .)/.
Ixion, Tkb-T'on, C.
Izehar, u'f-liar, B%
Izhar. iz'htir, li.
Izreel. fz'r"-cl, B.
Itrl. iz'rl, B.

513

Jaala. jA-!11a : Jaalah. jA-tt'la, B.

Jaanal. ja'.i-n or ja-4'na, B.

Jaazlah, ) i';i-/T' :, li.

Jabesh, jii'b sh, li.

Jabez, ja'b z, /;.

Jaca. ua'kd, .)/.

Jachan. ji'kaii : Jachln, ja'ktn, B.

Jacmel, ziiiik'niel', M.

Jacob, ji'kiib, /;.

Jacobi, yu-ko'bP, M.

Jacobus, j.'i-ko'l) is, C.

Jacquard. zliiik'k -i- '. V.

Jacquemelo/ Jacmel, zliak'niU', M.

Jael, ii'.l, />'.

Jaen, lui-aii", M.

Jaffa, jlf'fu o, yiil'fii. M.

Jaffnapatara, iiitviu'i-pa-tiiin', J/.

Jagua ■« Xagiia, ha'gwa, it.

Jahaz. jj'liaz, li.

Jahaza Jahazah jii-lia'za, B.

Jahzeel, pi'/i-. I, /;.

Jahziei, la'zT- I, /'.

Jair, la'Sr : Jairite,.jri'T.rft. B.

Jairus, in l.sih ,. ja'l-nis j in New

i <>.. |i-T'ns, /.'.
Jalafa, {a-lii'lVi. .)/.
Jalapa or Xalapa. ha-la'pa, .1/.
Jalisco ■> Xaiisco. lia-ISs'kO, M.
Jamaica, ja-ma'ka, M.
Janicuium, ja-nik'n-lam, C.
Janin. zlia'uBN', .1/.
Janaen, jiin's/n : i>. van 'sen ; F

/.llON/^8^•' ; L. JanBeniua, iau-so'-

11 - is. 1/.

Janua. a'nfls. C.

Japan. ja-pBn , .)/.

Japheth. ja'ith, B.

Japara. lift-pflS'rtt, M.

Jaquemel. /liak'ni 1', M.

Jared. ja'r d, li-

Jarnac, zhaKnak', V.

Jaro3law or Yaroslav, etc, vii'ro-

KlttV, .11.

Jaaher [S'ahCr, B.
Jason, i I'-un, /•'. v C.
Java, ja'va or ja'va, M.

Jazar. ia'/..ir; Jazer, ja'zPr, B.
Jean Paul, zhS.V puuly orjen oil', =

Rll-IITKK. M.

Jebuai. j . -hfl'st, B.

Jedaiah. j -(II'mi, B.

Jeddo or Yeddo, j d'dfl or yfd'dft,

Jedelah, jr-de'v''. B.
Jedidih. j il't-da, /,'.
Jedidiah. i d f-dT'4, B.
Jeeli j -e'll; Jeelua, -hla, B.
Jeezer. j.'-O'/, ■. /;
Jehaleel. j;-liair. I. B.
Jehaleleel. je'lia-li'l,'-."l, B.
Jehaziel. \i'\\\-/.\\ 1, li.
Jehdeiah . ie-de' v \. I).
Jehlell, iC-liT'f-U. /;.
Jehizkiah. W\\ /-k'n, B.
Jehoadah. fr-hO'a-d-V, B-
Jehoaddan. je li'-ndMi/n, B.
Jehoahaz j"'-lm' i-lifl/. li.
Jehoash. jp-lift'luh, /.'.
Jehoiachin. jp-hni'a-klni Jeholakim

'a-kTin, /.'.
Jehoiada. |P-lioi'a-dS, Ft.
Jehonadab. |e-hOn'a-dftb, B-
Jehoahaphat, jP-liOah'aVfltt, B.
Jehovah, j -lifl'va, li.
Jdhu. ie'lifl, li.
J DOdl, |P-ha'dI, B.

■ I. /;
Jemima, p-ml'ma <> • j."m'T-mfl, B.
Jena . . .'/•

Jephthae
Jephthah
Jephunne. jepi
Jeremiah i •■.-o-iiil'u Jeremlaa

r-mi'"~, B.
Jeremoth. jdr'C-mBth. B

Jephthae. j f'th l-t, B
Jephthah. Lf'l
Jephunne Jephunneh rftn'nP, B.
Jeremiah i.-o-inTu Jeremlaa, j. r -

JUGGERNAUT

Jeremy, I r'f-rnT, B.
Jerez • AEUKS, hg-rfth', J£
Jericho |< r'l-kn, /:. .\ .)/.
JeroLoam, nVu-liO'uiii, li.
Jersey, yx i.\, .)/.
Jeruobaal. K-rob'bl-al, B.
Jerusalem, j -nTB'ed-l in, B.
Jerujha, Jeruahah, jC-roo'aha, B.
Jeaher. ii Kiier, h
Jeshohaiah. i->li. 'lifl-I'ii, /?.
Joshua, Jeahuah, ji»h'Q.a, B.
Jesse, | s m , /..
Jesu. jS'sO, li.
Jesurun. j s'n-riin, B.
Jesus. \l /is, /;.
Jetnro. jS'thrO, B.
Jew jQ <>, yt\ li. ,V If.
Jeypoor, jt-inS&r', .1/.
Jezetel. j z'C-l> 1. /;.
Jezreel. j I'rMli Jezreellte, jf<z'-
re-vl-It; Jezreelitesa. j z'rc-il-it'ia,

Jiddaho Djidda. j d'd'.. M.

Jyona or Xixona. hP-hO'ua, if.

Jnnna, Jimnah, jlin'ui, li.

Jipe. jr'i» . .1/.

Joab. if) "nn. /;.

Joachim, jo a-kTin. B.

Joacim. jo a-sim, li.

Joakim. j<>'a-kini, /;.

Joanan. j -a non, B.

Joanea, ln-a'ius, or Juanea, hrJ5-a'-

n s, .1/.
Joanna, v-an'ni. B.
Joatham jo'a-tliuin, B.
Joo. |Ol>. li.
Jocasta jo'kas-ta, C.
Jochebed jok'f-b d. B.
Jo Davieaa. jfi dS'vIa, M.
Joel. jo'. I. / .
Johanan, jo-ha'nan, B.
Johanna, jO-han'na, M.
JohanneB, ' jt'-liao'nez, B.
John. jBn, B. -\ M.
Joiada. joi'ft-dn, B.
Joiakim, joi'a-kTm, B.
Jolifa. i -In a. .)/.
Joinville, join'vil ; /•'. zhwaN'vgl',

1/
Jonadab. IBn'a-dab, B.
Jonah, id hi, />'.
Jona3, io'iwis, B.
Jonathan. jBn'4-than, B.
J >nk ping. vCn'che-ptng, it.
Joppa, jBp'iia, B.
Joram. |rt'ram, li.
Jordan iflr'dwn,
Joaaphat, jfia'a-flt, B.
Jose. jO'sP, />'

Josedec. Joaedech, j5s'P-di5k, B.
Joaeph, jo'z 1. /;.
Joaephua. j -sO'lus, B. !f C.
Joaea. j"'/ I, />'
Joshabad. iBah'A-bad, li.
Joshah i ■ > ' - 1 n i . /;.
Joshaphat. josh'a-iat, B.
Joshua. j6bli'u-a, B.

i'fi, /-*.
Joaiaa. ffUil'fla. 11
Jotham. jd'i wini. /,'.

,,ii him, .V.
Joutfroy. /li,«ii'li » u', .1/.
Jourdan. zlid6i 'if>N ', V,
Jovian us. i
Jowett. i"'it. .1/
Jozabad. |B*'*-bid, B.
Juan Fernandez. j.Ki'fln fPr-nln •

,i / ; s'/i hBB-in' fir nan d tli. Jf.
Juarez « u'ritb, M.

Juba. in'ini. C

'.-il. B
Juda. Judah. jtl-il-'i, B
Judaea. | -dC-'.i, li. tf C.
Judaa. nTd'ia, B.
Jude il I. /•'.
Judea. in-dC'ii, B.
Judith, in'dlth. R.
Juggernaut, juf'T-nftf, M

fCrn, recent. Orb, rude, full. Urn. fBBd, fiWit. not ml. climr. z«, sinjr. ink. then. thin. box.
B, Biblical i C, Claaiical i E. Lgyptmu ; 11, Hindoo ; il. .Modern i A. Son*. ISe* page 4&7.)

JUGURTHA

Jugurtha. jll-gur'tha, C.

JuHiy. nooliwe', M.

Julia. ju'll-a : Julias, -lY-as, B. * C.

Julianus, ja'lT-a'nus, C.

Juliers. zhoc/le'g' ; O. Julich, yu'-

lik, J/.
Julius, jQ'lr-Cis, C.
Jullien, zhoo'l&'as' or zhdol'ya.v',

31.
Jumna, jGm'na, J/.
Jungfrau, y6"Dng'irou, Jf.
Junia, jQ'm-a, 1',. \ C.
Juniata, jtl'nY-at'a, M.
Juno. ju'iK', C.
Junot. zh<x/no", 31.
Jupiter. ju'pT-tSr, B. 5,- C.
Jura. liKra : r*. zhoc/ra', C. V J/.
Justinianua, jfis-un'T-a'niis, C
Justus, jub'tris, h.
Jutland, jut'land, 31.

Kaas. kiis, .1/.

Kabajendi. ka-ba-j'n'dT, 31

Kabambarre. ka-bam-bar'ra', 31.

Kabompo ka-bom'po, 31.

Kacungo. ka-koon'gC, M.

Kafuro. ka-ioo'rO, it.

Kafua. ka-toos', 31.

Kagera, kii-ja'ra, 31.

Kagunga. ka-goon'ga. M.

Kairwan. ktr-wan', 31.

Kakessa. ka-kes'sa, M.

Kaisareeyeh. kT-z<7r-e_^e. 3f.

Kakungu. kii-koon'gocjJ/.

Kalamazoo. kal'a-ina-zoo', M.

Kalasa. kii-lii'za. 31.

Kalassa. ka-las'sa, 31.

Kalaui. ka-la'wf, 31.

Kalisz. ka'lish, 31.

Kalmar. kiil'mar. 31.

Kalooga. ka-loo'^a, 31.

Ealuan, kii-b>o'an, 31.

Kamalambo. kii'ma-ram'bO, 31.

Kamadeva. kii-mii-da'va, //.

Kamchatka or Kamtchatka, kam-

chat'ka, 31.
Kanawha, ka-n/wi, 31.
Kankakee, kun'ka-ke/\ M.
Kanna, kiin'iia, 31.
Kansas, k&n'bas, M.
Kant, k&ntor_kiint, 31.
Kapuka, ka-ptx/ka, 31.
Kara, ka'ra, 31.
Karagwe, ka-riig'wa", 31.
Karamania, ka ra-ma'ne"-a, M.
Karema, ka-ra'ma, 31.
Kaschau, kash'ou ; Hung. Kassa.

k5sh',ho, .1/.
Kasembi, ka-s5m'b?, 31.
Kasheshe. ka-se'sf, 31.
Kashgar, kiish-uiir', At.

514

Kasongo, ka-s-oii'gO, M.
Kassai, ka-sT'. 31.
Kassongo, kiis-sPn'giV 3t.
Katahdin, ka-tii'un, 31.
Katanga, kii-tan'-a, 31.
Katende, ka-tan'dO, 31.
Kative. ka-te'vf. .)/.
Katonga, ka-t5n'pn, 31.
Katrine, kAt'rtn, 31.
Kaunitz, kou'nTts, 31.
Kavalli. ka-val'lf, .)/.
Kavanagh, kfiv'd-na, At.
Kavele. kii-va'le, -V.
Kazan, ka-zan', .V.
Kearney. kar'nU. 31.
Keczkem t. k^ch-kern-it', 31.
Kedar, ke'diir, B.
Kehl, kal. 31.
Keighley. kSth'lC. 31.
Keijhtly. klt'lf. M.
Kelat. k'l-at'. M.
Keneh. k^n'S, 31.
Kenia, kBn'ya, M.

Kennebec, k?n'f-bfk', 31.
Kensington, kgn'sYng-tQn, M.
Kentucky, k,n-tuk'I, 31.
Keokuk. ke'o-kuk', 31.
Kerguelen, k5rg'£-len, if.
Kerner, ker'ngr or kgr'nSr, M.
Keszthely, k< st-h- 1', 31.
Ketcho. k ch'o, J/.
Keturah. kf-too'ra, B.
Kezia. kp-zl'a. B.
Kharkov, kar-kof , 3F.
Khartoom, kar-toom', M.
Khem. kein. E.
Kherson. ker-s5n', 31.
Khiva, ke'va, 31.
Khoozistan, koo-zTs-tari'', 3t.
Khorassan, kr>-ra3-6an', 31.
Khuns. kuns, E.
Khyber. kl'ber, 3[.
Kiakhta, kf-ak'tii, .V.
Kiballa. kt-bfiKla, 3[.
Kibanga. kY-bar/ga, 3f.
Kickapoo. kTk-a-poo', 3f.
Kidderminster, ktd-d5r-mln'6tgr,

Kidron, kTd'ron, B.
Kiel, kel, 31.
Kiev, tt-ff, 3f.
Kikassa. kT-kas'sa, 31.
Kilima, kt-le'ina, 31.
Kilinga. kr-lTn'ga, 31.
Kilkenny, krl-k n'T, 3f.
Killarney. krl-iir'nT, 31.
Kimawenzi, ke'ma-wgn'zf, M.
Kimpoko. kim-po/'ko, .V.
Kincardine, kin-kar'din, 31.
Kinshassa. kTn->ba.s'ba, 31.
Kioto. kC-6't-. 31.
Kipembwe. kT-pr-m'bwP, 31.
Kirjath. kgr'jath. B.
Kirjathaim. k'ci-'iatli-a'Tm, B.
Kirkcudbright, kgr-koo'bre, M.
Kirri, klr'rP. 31.
Kisanga. kl-san'ga, M.
Kish.klsh.A'.
Kishon. kT's-hOn. B.
Kissonga. kTe-eSn'gs, 3f.
Kistna. kist'na. =KiusriNA, .V.
Kitchitchi. ku-ke'kl, 31.
Kitron. klt'rSn, H.
Kitura. kT-too'ra, 31.
Klager.furth. kla'gTi-fcibrt', 31.
Kleber, kia'bDr, or Kltber, klr/bar',

M.
Knolles. nolz, 31.
Knut, knoot, = Canute, M.
Koango. kfi^n'gfi, 31.
Kobbo. kSb'bO, 31.
Kohath. ko'bath, B.
Kolaiah. koKn-I'a, B.
Kompaka. kCm-pa'ka, M.
Kongsberg. kon-.^'btrg, 31.
Konieh, ko'nt-a, 31.
Koniggratz, ke'nYg-rPts, 31.
Kbnigsberg^ ke'iiltrs-bfrg, 31.
Kooban. koo-ban'. 31.
Koordistan = Kikdistax, 31.
Kooril. koor'fl. 31.
Koorsk. koorsk. M.
Korah, ko'ra ; Korahite, kS'ra-Tt,

n.

Kerner or Koerner. k?rrn5r. 31.
Kosciusko. koVsT-us'ko ; 1'olish
Kosciuszko. kos^h-voo^b^k*, 31.

Kossuth. kiVll-'-bont'' nr -ooth', 31.

Kostroma, kos-trS'ma. 31.
Kotzebue, kot'se-bti ; G. kofse-boo,

31.
Kovno. k8v'n8, .'/.
Kremnitz. kr ni'nrts, 31.
Kreuznach. kroits'iiiik. 31.
Krishna. krYsb/ni, or Kistna, kYst'-

.i . //. v M.
Kridener. kru'dr-n8r, .1^.
Krummacher. kn^iii'iiiiik-er, 31.
KuUu, kwg'IcTo, M.
Kumbana. koom-ba'ni, M.
Kunda, kilon'da, 31.

LAODAMIA

Kurdistan or Koordistan, koor-dY»-

nn

31.

Kurland = Coi'bland, 31.

Kurma. kfr'ma, //.

Kurtz or Kurz. k06rts, 31.

Kutaja. koo-tl'vi. .1/.

Kutusof or Koutouzof, koc-toc/zSf,

Kuvera, koo-va/'ra. H.
Kuyp or Cuyp, koip, M.

Laaland. la'land, 31.

Laban. ia'ban, B.

Labana. lab'a-nu, B.

Lafcienus. ia'bi-e'nCis, C.

Latlache. la/l)lasb', 31.

Lahore, la-bd'rff, it.

Latouchere. hi'lKH/sbar', 31.

Labouiaye. la'lxx/la', 31.

La Eourdonnaie, la. boor/don/n§'.

Labrador. Iab/ra-rl6r', 31.
Labyrinthus. lat)/l-rTii/'tbas,C.
Laccadives, lak'u-divz, 31.
Lacedxmon, las't-de'mon, C.
Lachesis. lak'i-sis, C.
Lachish. la'kfsb, /;.
Lackawanna. lak-a-wSn'a, M.
Laconia, la-ko'm-a ; Laconica, 1A-

kgn'T-ka. C.
Lacroiz, ISrkrwS', 31.
La Cro3se. la kr8sr, M. •

Ladakh. la-dak', 31.
Lado. la'do, 31. _
Ladocea, lad'o-se'a, C.
Ladislas. lad'Is-las, or Ladislau,

lad'is-la'f.s, .V.
Ladoga, lad'u-ga, 31.
Ladrones, la-dronz' ; Sp. Iad-r5'n5s,

31.
Laertes, lft-e>'tez, C.
Laertius. H-cr'shT-fis. C.
La Fayette or Lafayette, la/fave't',

Laffitte. liif-fTt' or la'fet', 31.

La Fontaine, lii fOn-tan' ; F. la ffiN'.

tan', 31.
Lagny. l'n've', 31.
Lago Magglore. }}\'zt> Tnad-j5'rft, M.
La Grange, hi g anj'. 31.
La Guayra, lii i-'wi'ra, M.
Laguna. la-goo'iiii, 31.
Lagusa. la-iru'sa, C.
La Haye. lii ha'. if.
Lahn. (an, 31.
Lahore, la-bor'.if.
Lahsa, lii'sii, 31.
Lairg, Iftng, 31.
Lakolela. WkG-WIA, M.
Lakshmi. Iftksh'mT, H.
La Mancha. lri mau'cha, 31.
Lamar, la-inii '. 31.
Lamarque. ki'miirk', 31.
Lamartine. la'mar'tcn', 31.
Lamballe. lON'baK. 31.
Lamech. la'm k, B.
La Mennais or Lamennals, la'ma'-

na'. M.
Lamia la'mT-a : Lamiae. la'mT-f, C.
Lamoriciere. lii'm./ri '><: -ar', 31.
Lamothe. In'mBt', -V.
Lancaster. irnjU'^MPr, .V.
Lanciano. liin-ci'ii'nri. 31.
Landana. liin-da'n "\, 31.
Landau, lau'dou, 31.
Landes. 18 \d, 31.
Landshut lants'hflBt, M.
Langres. 18 nut. 31.
Languedoc, IBVee-dok', 31.
Lannes. Ian or Ian, 31.
Lauuvium, 14-nU'vT-ttm, C
Laocoon. M-8k'*-8n. C
Laodamas. P.-Sd'a-moR, C.
Laodamia. H-fid'a-niT'o, C.

K, 6, T, 0, a, long ; &, f, T, 8, n, f, short ; -senStc, f vent, Idea, fihev, Hnite, care. arm. ask. all, finaL
B, BibUcui | C, CLusicai ; A', Egyptian i U, liiudoo ; M. Uuderu ; A', Norse. Idee pag« 41»/".J

LAODICEA

Laodicea. tft-8d1-«e"'a. B. S( C.

Laomache, lS-Sm'a-kf, C

Laomedes, la'u-ine'dez, C.

Laomedia, la'S-me-dl'a, C.

Laomedon, U-Sm/C-dQn, C.

Laomenea, ll-Om't-nez, C.

Laon. la'Ox', M.

Laonice, la'ft-nl's?, C.

Laonome, Ut-Ou'O-mS, C.

Laos, la'Os, if.

La Paz. la. pith', .V.

Lapidoth. fap/f-dSth, B.

Lapithse. lap'T-tl^, C.

Laplace, ll'plass', 'f.

La Plata, la pla'ta, M.

La Puebla. la pwcb'la, it.

Laredo, la-ra'd"i, M.

Larissa. la-ris'sA, V. V .V.

Laristan. lar-Ys-tan', it.

La Rochejaquelein or La Roche-

jacquelin, la rfisli'zJiaVlax', if.
Larrey, iar'rf- or lii'ra', if.
Lartiua. lar'sh;-ris, C.
La Salle, la sal', .1/.
Las Casas, las kii'sas. if.
Las Cases, las kaz', M.
LasPalmas. las pal'maa, it.
Laasa o/- H'las^a, h'las'sa, .1/.
La3thenes. las'thf-ne?, B. V C.
Latakia. a-ta-ke'a. if
Latinae. U-ci'tiC- : Latinl, la-H'nT, C.
Latium, la'sM-um, C.
Latona, l.i-to'na, C.
Latour. la'toor'', .1/.
Lauban. lou'ban, M.
Lauderdale. 1 i'iW -dSl, if.
Laudon or Loudon, lou'd'm, if.
Lauenburg, lou'e n-ht5t)r^, .1/.
Launceston, lans'tttn, if.
Laura, 1 >'rd, C. V if-
Laurentum, 1 i-rcn'tHm, C.
Lau3anne, lr/zan', if.
Lavacca. la-v&k'ka, if.
Laval, la'val', .1/.
Lavater, lu-va'tDr or la'vii'tar', it
Laverna, la-vgr'n'. C.
Lavinia, la-v;n'i-a. ■
Lavinium. la-vTn'f-um, or Lavinum.

hi-vT'nnn, C.
Lavoisier, 1 t'vw&'zt-a', if.
Lawrence. 1 1'r ns, if.
Layard, la'iird, it.
Laybach. IT'bak, it
LazarU3. laz'a-rus, B. !f C.
Leah, le'i, B-

Leamington, lm'Tnir-tun, if.
Leander. i -au'di?-. C.
Leavenworth, lev'en-wgrth. if.
Lebanon. 1 b'a-non, /;. If if.
Lebaoth. IbM-fHh. II.
Lebbjeua. Lebbeus, 1. b-be'fio, B.
LebedU3. I l>T-d s : -dos. -dSs, CI
Le Brun or Lebrun, le-brux', M.
Lech. I k. .)/.

Le Clerc or Leclerc. le-klar', if.
Lecomte. le-kOHt', it.
Leconte, le-kuNt'. it.
Le Creuzot. I" kru'zO', it.
Leda, le'

Lefobvre, le-f vr' or le-favr', if.
Legar . le-gre', I/.
Legendre, le-zhOxdr' or le-jin'dgr.

Leger. la'/.ha'. if.

Leghorn. 1 -'lid -nor l'g-hOrn' ; ft.

Livorno. if-vor'nO, if.
Legr.ago, 1 [n-ya'jjO, .'A
Legnano, IJln-ya'uu, if.
Leh. 13. l/.
Lehigh. IS'hT, .1/.
Leibnitz or Leibniz. Ub'nTts, it.
Leicester. 1 »'t5r, if.
Leigh, le, if.

Leighton, IS'tHn or la'nn, it
Leiningen, lT'nTne-on. if.
Leinster, Un'stSr or l?n'.*t!<r, if.
Leipsic, llp'slk; G.Leipzig, Up'tsTg.

615

Lelth, 15th, if.

Leitmeritz. Ht'mSr-tts, M.

Leitrim. le'trTm, if.

Lekedi. le-ka'dr, .V.

Lemaistre, le-matr', if.

Lemberg, fem/'Wrg. .V.

Leinoine, le-mwan' or !e-moin'. If.

Lempriore, lena'prt-Cr or ltm-pier',

Lemuel, l-m'fl-el, B.

Lena, le'na. if.

Lenclos or L'Enclos. lCN'kl^'. if.

Lenfant or L'Enfant, 10n'15.v'. if. .

Lenni-Lennape, 1 d'dM n-na'pC, it.

Lenoir, le-nor' or lt-nwar', it.

Lentulus. 1 n'tn-lus, C.

Leodainas, lf-5d'a-in

Leominster, !'. S., I ni'ln-st5r: Eng.,

I m'stSr, if.
Leon, le'5n ; 5/). lU-5n', if.
Leonl, l.t-o'nf . if.
Leonida. tt-8n'T-da; Leonidaa, \P-

5n'I-dns: Leo^ides, l«r-r>n'i-<lez. C.
Lepanto. IS-pan'W o, U-pan'tO, if.
Lepida, kp'I-di; Lepidus. kp'i-dus,

Lerici. la'rf-chf . M.
Lerida, ler'G-dii. if.
Le Sage or Lesage. l^-sazh'. it.
Les AndelyB. ia'/.5N'dle', .1/.
Lesbous, 1 .-bo'us. C.
Lespinas3e or L

iia

J/.

'a'p^.

L'Estrange. rs-tranj', K

Lethe, le^thf, C.

Leuca, Ifi^ka. C.

Leucas. lu'kas. C.

Leuce. la's? : Luci, la's!, C.

Leucippe. 11-s'p'p. •. ' '.

Leuctra. lak'tra i -trum, -trtlm, C.

Leut3chau. loit'slmu, .V.

Levant, levant', .V.

Leverrier, le-vCr'rl-5r or -v&'rC-ii''

if.
Levi. 15'vi, B.
Leviticus. l%v*t'T-kfis, B.
Lewes, lu'. s. .)/.
Leydea or Leiden, IT den, .1/.
Liba. le'ba, if.
Libanius. ll-ba'i.'
Libanus, llb'a-nfis. B. v C.
Libert. Ie'b1-rr. if.
Liberia, lt-bC'rf-a. 5/.
Libertas, H-bCr't</s, C.
Libici. lTb'T->I. C.
Libitina. l'b'i-tl'na. C.
Libnah. lb'na. B.
Liburna, lf-b?r'nii, C.
Liburnia, l'-bSr'nT-a, C.
Libya, lib't-a, /
Libyci. ltb'i-sr. C.
Lichneld. lTch'tf: l. M.
Lichtenstein, lik'ttn-stln, if.
Licinia. !r->Tn'i-a ; -ioa, -I-Qs, C.
Licinus,

Licona. lr-ko'n.i. it.
Ueber. IG'bCr, if
Liebig, IS'big, M
Li^ge. lt'a/.li'. .if.
Liegnitz. ISg'nTta, M.
Liemba. l*-< m'ha. if.
Ligure8, lr^'fl ••
Liguria. Ir--n'rl-a, C
Liki. !••'

Likuala. :.-'k.7>ii'lu. .V.
Lille -,- Lisle, lei. if.
Lima. Peru, 1 '
Limburg. iTm'Mrg ; F. Limbourg.

r'. if.

Limerick. lTm'0r-Tk, if.
LiTioTes, IfmOzh'. IT.
Limousin, lf'nu'SyzoN', if.
Linares. l*-nii'r. '■*, M.
Lincoln. l'nkTin, if.
Llnkcping. im'chC-pTnif, it.
LinUthgow, lTn-lTth'ff«, it-
Linne. l.n-na'i L- Linnaus. lrn-n?'-
Ds, if.

LUBI

Llntz or Llnz, lTnrs, M.

Linus. IT'nrtB, B., C. 4- if.

Lipara, lTp'a-ra ; Llpanu. -a-rfls, C.

Lipari. nu'a-rf. if.

Lipenga, lf-p n'ga, if.

Lippe, hp'jxr
Lisbon, llz/bi

a, .i/.

bQn ; Pa. Liiboa, If vlxj'-

Lisle or Lille. 181, if.

Lissa. lTs'sii. if.

Liszt, list, if.

Lithuania, lith'n-S'nT-a, it.

Livadia. lTv-a-de'a. if.

Liverpool, liv'5r-pobl, M.

Livius. llv'T-u-. ' .

Uvonia, lr-vo'nT-a, 1/.

Livorno. lf-vor'no, if.

Ljusne. lT-ooa'nit, if.

Llandaff, lan-daf, if.

Llanelly. lii-n th'lT. it.

LlangoUen. lan-gOth'K-n, it.

Llano, la'na, il_

Llanrwst. lan'roost it.

Llerena. 1'ra'iiii, it.

Lloyd, loid, if.

Loange. loo-an'gft, it.

Loango. Ioo4kn/'g0, .1/.

Lobbor. lob'U"

Lochaber. I0k-a'b5r. it.

Lodi. It., lo'df s U. S., IS'dT, if.

Loffoden. 15i-fo'den, if.

LogroLO. 15-grOn'yft. if.

Lohemba. l<~-h"m'ba. if.

Lohua. lr.-hQ'a, if.

Loika. lr-e'ka, it.

Loir, Iwar, if.

Loire. Iwar. if.

Loiret. lwii'ia', M.

Lois, lo'Ts. B.

Loki, lB'ki. .V.

Loko, lo'k', M.

Lokoma. 1-ko'ma, if.

Lolli, 151'lT, it.

Lomaml. lr.-inii'niT. if.

Lombardy. 18m'bar-dt, If.

Londinium. lon-din'l-Qin, C.

London. I in'diin. if.

Londonderry. lfni'dun-d^r'T, if.

Longimanus. lOn-jim'a-nus, C.

Longinus. I8n-jl'n0a. (.'.

Loo-Choo. 156'choo, .1/.

Lope de Vega, lo'pt d" va'gii, if.

Lopez, lo'j) z or ln'ptth, if.

Lopori, ir,-| r>'rt. .1/.

Lorain, lr.-ran', if.

Loreto, lO-rB'tO, or Loretto, 1 '

.1/.
Lorient or L'Orient. l^'rC-Ox'. .1/
Lorraine. IBKrln', .'/.
Los Angeles, los an'ir
Lostwithlel, lr.-t-withM, if.
Lot. 18t, B. : :», if-
Lothaire. lo-thar' or If.--
Lothian. lo'thi-"ii. if.
Loubi. IfiB'bT, J/.
Loudon. lou'dOn, if.
Lough. If. if.
Loughborough, inf'hft-
Louisiana. loV^-zWs'ni, .'/.
Louisville. IdVTa-vll or W^'t-vil. ii.
Louth, lonth, M
Louvain. b^'vav'. V
Louviers. U5t/it a'. M.
Louvols. |.k,'\ wa', .1/.
Lowa. irt'wa, .1/.
Lowe. 15'wv. if.
Lowell. lB'.M. if.
Lowndes. Iwrads, if
Lovola, liMrO'li, .'/■
Injzere. IV/n-'. U.
Lualalba. l.<r'dl-Bl'ba, if.
Luama. I "Vii'ma. .'/.
Luapula. I.V/i-p<V)'14. .V.
Luavala. l.Tva-va'la, if.
Lubanya. |."=Vhan'rt. M
L-ibeck. .ii'bk. it
Lubesu, l.*)-bl'»-
I. it.

firn, recent, flrb. nide, full. flrn. md, USA. <"'t. oil, chair, go, sin^. ink, then, t!i.
B, Biblical ; C, Cla»«ic«J ; E, Egyptian ; ti, iliadoo i M, Modern ; Nt Norte. ISee page MT>]

LUBILAH

Lubilah. loo-bS'rii, 31.

Luburi, loo-boo' rY, 31.

Lucania. lft-ka'nY-a, C.

Lucas, lu'kus, B. V 31.

Lucca, look'ka. M.

Lucena, ln-se'nao/- loo-tha'na, M.

Lucera, loo-cha'rii, M.

Lucerne, loo-^ern', M.

Lucia. iu'shY-a. C Sf M.

Lucidus, lu'sl-dfis, C.

Lucifer. lu'sY-fer, B. Sf C.

Lucilius, lu-sll'I-rts, C.

Lucilla, lfl-sYl'la, C.

Lucina, lu-si'na, C.

Lucius. lu'shY-us, B. Sf C.

Liicke, luk'kp, 31.

Lucknow, luk'nou', M.

Lugon. lu/soN', M.

Lucretia', Ifl-kre'shY-a, C. !f M.

Lucullus. ln-kiil'lus, C.

Lucumo. lu'ku-mo, C.

Lucua. iu'kiis, C.

Ludwigaburg. lood'vYgs-b6"6rg, 31.

Luebo. loo-a'bf>, M.

Lufifa. lob-fe'fa, .)/.

Lufula. loo-foo'la, 31.

Lugano, loo-ga'no, 31.

Lugdunum, luir-du'nfim, C.

Lukalla. loo-kal'la, 31.

Lukaasi. loo-kas'sY, 31.

Luke, luk, B.

Lukenye, loo-krn'yp, 31.

Lukuga, loo-koo'ga\ M.

Lukugu. loo-koo'goo, M.

Lulea. loo'KMi, if.

Lulongo, loo-lEn'gS, M.

Lulu, fdVloo^jtf.

Lulua. loo'loo-ii, 31.

Luluaberg, loo-loo'a-bgrg, 31.

Lumbi, looni'bY, 31.

Luna, lu'na, C. Sf 31.

Luncaya, loon-ke'ya, M.

Lineburg, lu'ne-botng', 31.

Lunenburg, lu'nen-bgrg, M.

Luneville, lu'ne-vYl or lu'na'vel',
31.

Lunge, loon'g?, 31.

Lupercal. lfi-per'kttl, C.

Luray, Ift-ra', 31.

Lurimbi, loo-rYm'W, M.

Lusibi. 166-se'bS, M.

Lutete, loo-ta'tc, 31.

Lutzen, lobt'sen, .!/.

Luxemburg, Inks', m-bgrg ; F. Lux-
embourg. luks'BN'boor , 31.

Luxor, luks'rir, 31.

Luzerne.ln-zern'. M. _

Luzon, loo-zon' : 8 >■ loo-tlion', 31.

Lycaea, lt-se'a ; Lycaeus, li-se'Qs,

Lycaon, lt-ka'Sn, C.

Lycaonia. lik'.t-o'nT-a, B. Sf C.

Lyce. ll'sfc, C.

Lyceas, l)s't-"B, C.

Lyceum, lt-sg'win, ' '.

Lycia. llsh'Y-a, B. Se C.

Lycidas. lts'T-drrs ; Lycide, -Y-de, C.

Lycoming. It-k8mtng, M.

Lycone, R-kS'nt, <".

Lycoreua, It-k5'r6-fis or lt-ko'rus,

Lycurgus. lt-kgr'gils, C.
Lydda, lYd'da, B.
Lydia. Ud'T-a. B. Sf C.
Lym-Fiord, him-fi-oVd', 31.
Lyonnais or Lyonaia. IS'Bn'ne;', M.
Lyons. ll'fmz ; F. Lyon. lffiN', 31.
Lyrcea, lYr-«c'a, or Lyrcia. -si'a, C.
Lys. 15a : Flemish Leye. I7'<>, .)/.
Lysagoras. It-sag'o-raa, < '.
Lysander. It-san'dCr, C. \ Hi.
Lysaniaa. It-SBrnY-Hs, /,'. Sf C.
Lyaiaa, lYsh'T-ae, />'. V C.
Lyaicrates, lt-sTk'ra-tez, C.
Ly8imachus. It-sYm'a-ktis, B. Sf C
Lysimenes. lt-sYm'f-nez, C.
Lyalppe. lt-srp'pf ; -pus, -ptts, C.
Lystra, ltb'tra. B.

516
M.

Maacah. Maachah, ma'a-ka, B.
Maad. mad, M.
Maaa. miis, = Meuse, M.
Maaseiah, ma'a-se'ya, B.
Mabenga, ma-ban'gd, M.
Mabillon, ma/bt'/ytix/', M.
Mabode, ma-bO'dO, M.
Macao, lnii-ka'o or niii-kou', M.
Macassar, ini-kas'sar, M.
Macaulay, ma-ku'lY, M.
Macbeth, mak-b tb/, AT.
Maccabaeus, niak/ka-be/'us, B.
Maccabeos, mak'ka-bez, B.
Macchiavelli. niiik-ke-a-vel'l?, M.
Macedo, nias't-dd, C.
Macedones, ma-sed'o-nez, C.
Macedonia, masT-do'nY-a, B. &• C.
Machiavel, niak'Y-a-vel, = Mac-
chiavelli, M.
Machpelah, mak-pe'la, B.
Mackinac or Mackinaw, mak'Y-na,

MacLean, niak-lan', M.
MacLeod, mak-loud', M.
Maclise, ma-kle^', M.
Macomb, ma-koom' or-k5mb', M.
Macon, France, ma'koN'; U. S., ma'-

kr.n. M.
Maculla. ma-kfil'la, M.
Madagascar, inSd'u-jras'kar, M.
Madeira, ma-de'ra, M.
Madi. ma'dt, M.
Madima. ma-de'ma, M.
Madison, niad'i-sfm, M.
MadiviUe. mii'dY-vYl, M.
Madoc, mailTik, M.
Madoz, mii-doth', M.
Madras, in i-dras', M.
Madrid, mad'rld ; S)>. ma-dred', M.
Madura, nia-floo'tii, J/.
Maeander, mt-aji'der, C.
Maecenas, mt-se'nas, C.
Maelstrom, mal'strem or miil'-

striini, M.
Maenades, mcn'«-dez, C.
Maenala. m. n'a-la : -alus, -a-lfts, C
Maestricht. maa'trYkt, M.
Magadoxo. lna-gii-do'bho, 31.
Magala, ma-gala, .)/".
Magdala, mag'du-la, B., C. !f M.
Magdalena, mag-da-le'na, M.
Magdalene, mBg'da-le'n?, B.
Magdeburg, mag'de-bd&rg', .1/.
Magellan, ma-j 1'1'in, M.
Magendie, ma'zh8N/de/'1 J/.
Maggl, mfid'jf, M.
Maggiore. mad-io'rft, M.
Magiddo, ma-gYd'do, B.
Magnesia. ma^-ne'zliY-a, C.
Magog, ma'gog, 5.
Magungo, ma-goon'gfl, M.
Magus. mS'gHs, C.
Mahabharata. lini-liii-bii'ra-ta, //.
Mahalah. ma-ha'la or ma'ha-U, B.
Mahalaleel, ma-ha'la-le'fil, B.
Mahaleel. ina-bii'lf-rl, B.
Mahali. mii'lia-lT, B.
Maharbal, m4-har'bal, C.
Mahmud. Mahmoud. mii-mood', a.
Mahomet, ma-hom'i t, ma'lir-ni t,

or ma'hft-m t=> Mohammed, .)/.
Mahon. mii-lion' or mii-Ou', M.
Mahratta. mii-riit'u, M.
Mala, livl'va, ('.
Maida. mlMii, M.
Maillard. inii'yiir'. M.
Maimonidea. ni'-'non'f-dez, or Mal-

mun. in'-miKin', M.
Mai Muene. ml mwa'nft, .1/.
Main or Mayn. niiln or iiitn, J/.
Maine, man, M.
Maintenon. maw'te-nftH', M.
Mainwaring, man'nBMng, Jr.
Mainz, mints, or Mayence, m.TBxs',

or Mentz, m, nta, Si.

MARCIANCS

Majaba, mii-ja'ba, M.

Majorca, ma-jdr^ka, C. «,- M.

Makabana, mii'kii-ba'na. M.

Makaka. ma-ka'ka. J/.

Makalumbi, nia'kii-loom'bY, M.

Maknombo. nia/kI-jSm'b6, M.

Makoko. nui-ko^kr,, M.

Makouta, niii-koo'ta, M.

Makua, ma-koo'ii, M.

Makura. ina-koo'ra. M.

Makyombo. nia'kY-em'hft, M.

Malabar, mal-a-bar', M.

Malaca or Malacha, ma-la'ka, C.

Malacca, mu-lak'a, 31.

Malachi, Malachy, mal'a-kl, B.

Malaga, inal'a-ga or ma'la-gii, M.

Malagrida, mal-a-gr!'da, M.

Malandi, ma-lan'dY, 31.

Malay, ma-la^. M.

Malaya, ma-la'ya, 31.

Malchua. tnal'kus, B.

Malcolm, mal'kum, 31.

Maiden. mal'dPn, 31.

Maldive. nill'dlv, 31.

Malebranche, maKbrSNBh', 31.

Malesherbes. mal'zarb', .1/.

Malibran, mii'lt'tnSN', M.

Malindi, mii-lTn'dT, .1^.

Malines, mii'len', = Mechlin, M.

Maliwandu, mii'lY-wan'doo, 31.

Malluch, inal'luk, B.

Malmaison, maKmS'znN', 31.

Malmesbury. mamz'ber-Y, 31.

Malmb, inal'me, M.

Malpighi. mai-pe'gf, M.

Malplaquet. mal/pla'ka'1 31.

Malta, in.l'ta. .1/.

Malthus, mni'thfs, 3L

Malvern. Enn., ma'vSrn ; U. S.,

nial'v5rn, 31.
Malwah, maKwa, M.
Mamboia, mam-bo'yd. M.
Mambul, mam'bd&l. 31.
Mamilia, ma-mYKY-a ; -ius, -Y-ils. C.
Mammon, mam'mun, B.
Ma-mre, inam'rf, B.
Manasseas, man'us-sS'as, B.
Manasseh, ma-nas'se, /;.
Manasses, ma-nas'sez, 11.
Manbanga, man-ban'ga, 31.
Mancha, inan'cha. 31.
Manche. mSxsh, 31.
Manchester. inan'chrs-t5r, 31.
Manchooria or Mantchooria, mftn-

clioo'rC-a. 31.
Manda, miin'da, 31.
Mandingoa. inan-dip'^o/, .1/.
Manetho. man'P-thO, ('.
Manfredi inan-frS'df, If.
Manfredonia. man-frt-dO'nC-a, 31.
Mangudo, man-goVdfi, 31.
Manhattan, mftn-hat'an, 31.
Manheim or Mannheim, man'hTm,

31.
Manila or Manilla, ma-ml'a ; S/>.

Manila, ni.i-nc'l:i, .)/.
Maiiilia, ma-nll'i-a i -ius, -Y-ls, C.
Manitowoc, man'f-tfi-wOk', 31.
Manliua. manlY-Bs, B. S,- C.
Manoah. ma-no'a, />■
Mansuetus, man swe'ttis. C.
Mantinea, mnn'tT-ne'a, C
Mantineus. mnn-tin'P-ns. ('.
Mantua, man'tn-n, C Sf 31. ; It. Man-

tova, m:in'to-vii. 31.
Manutius, mA-itu'sliT-Ms ; It. Ma-

nuzio. ma-iioot 'sf-Ci, .1/.
Manyanga, man-yan'ga. 31.
Manzanillo. maii-tliii-ne'yo, 31.
Manzoni. man-zO'nP, .'/.
Mara. Marah. ma'ra, B.
Maracaybo. mii-i:i-kI'bo, Ju.
M%rat. mii'rii'. 31-
Marathon, mJlr'ii-thBn. C
Marburg, iniir'biHtrg, 31.
Marches!. miir-ka'zP, 31.
Marcia. miir'shl-a, C
Marcianus. mai-sliT-a'ntls, C

I, 5, T. n, n, long ; tt, E, Y, 0, 0, y, short ; senate, event, tdca, Abev, rtnite, care, arm, ask, nil, flnaL
B, Biblical , C, Classical ; E, Egyptian » U, Hindoo ; M, Modcru j N, Norne. iSee page 4ii7.]

MARCILIUS

MaraLiua. mar-sil'l-iis, C
Marcius, mar'sliT-iis, C.
Marcus, markkas, li.
Mardonius, niiir-do'nT-as, C.
Mareotia, ma'rC-o'tTs, C.
Margaris, maVga-rls, V.
Margarita, niar-ga-re'td, if.
Maria, ma-rl'a, ulso nia'rT-a.C ; ma-
il'a, M.
Mariamne, ma'rT-am'n?, C.
Mariana, ma-rf-a'na, .'/.
Marienberg, ina-re'en-bi rg, .'/.
Marienburg, ma-re'en-botwrg, if.
Marietta, mfi'i't-a'a, it.
Marion, nia'rl-Sn, C : " place, nia/-

n- 'li ; a man, mir'I-an, M.
Mariri. mii-re'rf, .)/.
Maritima. ma-rii'T-ma, C.
Mariua. inS'rT-
Marivaux. ma'rS'vo', if.
Mark, mark, B.
Marlborough, ra iKbur-rfi, M.
Marlowe <>• Marlow. mar'lo, if.
Marmont, maVni n'. .1/.
Marmontel, mar'moN't I', if.
Marmora, mar'niG-ra, it.
Marne, mini, if.
Marochetti, ma-ro-k't't?, if.
Marquesas, mar-ka'saso/- iniir-kwe'-

aas, if.
Marquette, mar-k f. .1/.
Marsala, niar-sii'lii, .1/.
Marseilles, inar-aalz' ; F. Marseille,

mar'sal', M.
Marsyas, mar'shY-as, C.
Martel, mar-t V, if.
Martha, mar'tha, B.
Martiali3. marJ'shT-a/'lTs. C.
Martineau, mar'tT-n~, if.
Martinez, inar-te'n thor-m'z, .1/.
Martini, uur-te'n*. M.
Martinique. mar-t f-nek', M.
Martius, niar'shl-fis, V.
Maruts, ma'' roots, //.
Mar war. maVw ir, if.
Mary. ma'rT, /.'. V if.
Maryland, m'r'T-laiKl, if.
Marylebone, mar'e-h in, -'/.
Masesa, ma-zS'za, if.
Ma3ham, maim'am, M.
Masigiton, maVl-jI'tOn, C.
Masimani, ma'zMna'nT, if.
Masinissa. mas'l-n *'.-a. ('.
Massachusetts, maVsa-chO'8ytB, .1/.
Massina, mas-sS'ua i F, ma'Ba'na',

I/.
Masaiaa, mas-et'aa, /-'.
Massilia. mas-sll'I-o, C.
Mas3illon, If. .S.,ina»'i-hin; F., maV-

gfyON', it.
Massinger. mos'sYn-jSr, if.
Massowah. mas'so-wa, it.
Masulipatam, ma-eoT/ie-pa-tam', M.
Mat, mat, I:.
Matadi, mii-ta'.l r. 1/.
Matamoroa. mftt a-mO'rflB, if.
Matanzas. ma tan'zaa, M.
Mather, mith'Br, .)/.
Mathusala. mi'i-tlm'sa-la, B.
Matrona. in&t'rO-na, the Marne river,

al*o ma-trO'na, ' '.
Mitsya. mil '■ i H.
Matthan. mat'tlurn, /.'.
MatthaniaB. maftha-nt'aa, B.
Matthew, math/ft, /-'.
Matthi i B.

Matthisson mat'! B-»on, if.
Mattit.i. "i, /-'.

Matucetje. ni I
Matuxba. mii-to&m'bii, if.
Matura. nU-tu'ra, C.
Mauch Chunk, m >k' chunk', .V.
Maui, inou'5, M.
Maumee. nii-nie', if.
Mauaa Loa mou'na Ifi'ii, M.
Maupertuis, m'/par'tw'', if.
Maurepaa, m*/rtI-pa', .'/.
Mauricua, in i'rl-kusorm i-rl'kus.r.

517

Mauritania-, mH-rl-ta'nt-a, C.
Mauritiua, in i-rish't-us, At.
Maurua, iii/rus, C.
Maury^ U. S., m^'rl or miir'ri ; F.

Mauaoli.'in i-so'lT; -lus, -lu8, C.
Maut. mout, /•-'.
Mavortia. ma-vSr'shl-a, C.
Mawo, ma'wO, it.
Maxentiua. maks-; n'shT-ils, C.
Maxiiniauua, maks'iiii-i-a'iius, C.
Maximua, inaks'T-mtis, ( '.
Mayence, ina-yoNs', = .Maixz, J/.
Mayenne, iiii\ n', J/.
Mayn, nun, .1/.
Maynooth, ma'nootli, M.
Mayo, U. S., ma'o ; frel., ma-o'

-. mi'.,.!/.
Mayombe. ina-yfiin'ba, .V.
Mazamboni, ma'ziiin-bO'nT, J/.
Mazarin. maz-a-reu' ; /'. ma'zii'-

raN'. .!/".
Mazatlan, ma-sat-lan', M.
Mazzini, mat-se'nf or ma-ze'nf, J/.
Mbage. 'mba'g r, J/.
Mbaro, 'mlni'm, .)/.
Mbili, 'mbe'ie. M.
Mbill, 'nib I. it.
Mbima. 'inbg'ma, M.
Mbina. 'inbe'na, .1/.
M'Binza. me-ben'za, if.
Mboma. 'mbfi'mi, it.
Mbomo, 'inb8'in9, .)/.
Mbomu. 'iiilio'm.ifl, .)/.
Mdabura, 'mda-boo'ra, if.
Meagher. mi'Sr or im:'^5r, if.
Meaux. mri, if.
Mechlin, m k'ln ; F. Malines. m V-

len', .1/.
Mecklenburg, nick'l< ii-b5rg ; Q.

m k'l<'n-l) l&re, .)/.
Medaba, ni'd'a-lji. B.
Medea, int-de'a, ' '.
Media, nie'UT-a, /?. -V C.
Medici, mrd't-ch", .)/.
Medicis, mS-df-aSa' or m d'f-sTs, .V.
Medicus, m.'d'f-kfis, ('._
Medina. Arabia, m.i-ue'ini ; U. S.,

mP-dl'na, M.
Mediterranean, m?d/Y-te'r-r3'n£-an<

M.
Meduli. m d'fl-ll or nit-du'li, C.
Medu3a, inC-du'sa, (.'.
Meerut. nie'rut, it.
Megaera. nif-je'ra, C.
Megale. in g'a

Megalophanes. m -'a-lttf'a-nez, C.
Megara, m ft'A-ri, C.
Megiddo. mf-gid'do ; Megiddon,

-d(3ii( li.
Meheinet All. mt-lrm'ct 8,16; better

Mohammed Ali. M.
MeheUbel. m-li t'a-b 1, B.
Mehir. mS'hCr, /;.
Meholah, mf-lio'la, /;.
Meig8. m'gz, if.
Meiningen, niT'iitng-en, it.
Mejinna m'-j n'na, it
Melanchthon. /. ninop. Melancthon.

in --laijk'tii in. it-
Melbourne, m KbPrn, if.
Melchizedek. m 1-kiz'C-dik, B.
Melete. m I'M*, C.
Meletua
Melia. im '
Melissa. mMli'ili Mellaaus m'-

M.liU. m K'-td. /:. ; Melita -;-■ Mel-

if.o. m I'l
Melpomene, m l-p»m'6-nC, V.
Melrose
Melun. m

Memel. ml'mel, .'/.
Memmiua. m in'
Memnomum. m ii
Memphis m ni'Ili, H . I
Memphremagog, m> m'irt-i.

MGONGO

Manage, mft'nazh'
Menai. m n'l, if.

if.

Menalca8. nir-nal'kas, C.
Menan. ine'naii, /-'. ; mC-nan', it.
Menander, mc-nan'der, C.
Monaai.a. in. n-dan'ya, it.
Mende. niONd, it.
Mendelssohn, nuii'd'-l-
Mendocino, mC'n-dfi-ai'nO, if.
Mendoza. men-dO'tha, it.
MenelaiUB, m n'r-la'yus, C.
Menelaus. m> n'r-la'ns, /;. v C.
Mene Mere, mS'nfi ma'rr, if.
Menenius. inC-nS'nl- is, C.
Mene8theua, mf-ii s'tliQs, B. ; m?-

ii. B'tne-ua or -thQs, C.
Mengo. m :_n'f,r'"'. it
Menius, me" n -
Menoba. in n'0-ba, C.
Menoeceua. mf-ne'se-da or -sQa, C.
Menoetea. nii-nO'uv, C.
Menogenes, m?-noj'P-n§z, ('.
Menshikof, Menchikof, or Menachl

kow, in. n'»liC-k8l, ii.
Menton, mflN'tOH'i //. Mentone,

in ii-to'u.T, it.
Mentz, m ' nts. = Mainz, it.
Menu, in iii i 'oo, it.
Menzaleh. in n-za'Ie, if.
Meplubosheth. mr-n Ir'o-slu th, B.
Mephitis, m.-u't a, (
Mequiiiez "/• Mekinez, nn" k'T-n-z, if.
Merari. in^r'a-rf iir mr-ra'rl, B.
Mercator, mOi -ka'tCr, it ; -tQr, C.
Mercedes, mer-sa'd s, it.
Mercurius. inCr-kO'rt-aa, B. If C.
Mergui. in r-ge', .'/.
Meribah, in'i-'i-lia. B.
Merida. inftr'T-da, if.
Merioneth, tin r'l-fin'rth, if.
Meroe, inCKC-e, C. S M.
Meropo, m?r'0-pS i Meropia, -pts, C.
Merops. ine'iPi
Merrim,w;k. mer'rT-mak, .1/.
Merseburg. m3r,se-bd6rg . .'/.
Mersey. mCr'zT, If.
MerthyrTydvil. mSr'thCr tTd'vtl.J/.
Meaech. inS'sek, /;.
Mesene. mC-«€'n*, C.
Meshach, me'sh&k ■. Moshech, -shr-k,

/;.

Meshed, m-sh'rd. .V.
Mesopotamia, in a'O-pft-U'ml-A, B.

It < :
Measala. m?B-a51a, C.

Messaiina. in >'-i-1t'p .
Meaaana. m s-il'mi, r.
Measene. m B-s§'nS i na -na, ('■
Messenia. in s->i?'iil-a. ''.
Messiah, m B-eI'4. or Messia.

Bl'«8, II.

Messina. m^a-eS'na, M.
Metapontum. m fa-nBn'l im:

pontua. m Ka-pBn'l
Metaatasio. mt-ta-atfi'z*

Metaurus m'-f i'i
Metella mM Ha: Metelli.
| Methodius, m I
Methuaelah. mMhO'se-la, /;.

Metope. iii*-t(>'|H* ; arcl.tticture,

in t'r.
MetopuB. inf-tu'
Metropolis, in' •
Metropolitse. m I
Mettornich. m t'tCr-nik, if.
Metz. m t.-. 1/
Meurthe. mBrt, if.
Meuae. >/.

Mexico, m ka'I-kOi Sp. ma'hf-kn.

1/
Meyer. mT'Pr. if.
Meyerbeer, nil'l
Meyrick. mCKTk
Mezentiua. nit-/
Mezzofart:
Mfinl. miIO'ii*. .1/.
Mfumbiro. 'mf<T6m I'rO, if.
Mgongo.

ng. iD^, uien, thin. bo».

BJ, iflk, UiCn, thin. bo».
B, BibUcal t C, Claaaical ; U, Egyptian s H, Hindoo i M, Modern « if, Nor»e. [See page 497.]

«■

MIAMI

1, mt-am'Y, 31.
Micah. ml'ka. B.
Micaiah. ml-ka'ya, B.
Michael, ml'kavl or ml'kel, B.
Michah, ml'ka, J3.
Michaiah, mt-ka'ya, B.
Michailovitch, me--lu'16-vYch, M.
Michal, ml'kal, B.
Michaud, me'sho', 31.
Michelet, mtsh'la', 31.
Michigan, mYsb/Y-gan, 31.
Michoacan, me'chu-a-kan', M.
Micipsa, mt-sip'sa, C.
Mickiewicz, mCtsk-ya'vYch, 31.
Midas, lin'das, (J.

Midea, mother of Lici/mmus, mYd'-
t-a : mother of Antioc/ius, mi-de'a,

Midgard, mYd'giLrd, 2V.

Midian. mid'l-«n ; Midianite, mYd'-

Y-au-It, B.
Mignard, mtn'yar', 31.
Mignet, iiit-ii'va/, 31.
Mignot, inti/yo', 31.
Mikik, me'kYk, St.
Milan, U. S.. mT'lan ; Italy, mYl'an

or inY-lau'; It. Milano, niC-la/nO,

31.
Milcah, mYl'ka, B.
Milesia, mt-le'zliY-a, C.
Miletis, mt-le'tis ; Miletus, -tfis, C.
Milne, Scot., mil ; is'., unln, 31.
Milnes, mYlz, 31.
Milo. ml'lci, V.

Miloradovitch, mf-lo-ra'dC-vYce, M.
Miltiades. mU-tl'a-dez, C.
Milton, mll'tun, 31.
Milwaukee, mYl-wa'kt1, M.
Mimir, me'iner, N.
Mincio, mtn'chrt, 31.
Mincius, mYn'shY-fis, C.
Mindanao, mYn-dii-tia/o, M.
Minerva, mY-nSr'va, C.
Minho, men'yft, 31.
Mini5, me^nC-S', 31.
Minnesota, mYn-f-so'ta, M.
Miao, mSri'yd, 31.
Mino, me'no, 31.
Minorca, mT-nur'ka, 31.
Minos, ml'nSs, C.
Minotaurus, mYn-o-ta'rfis, C.
Minturnae, mYn-ter'n?, C.
Minucia, mt-ntl'shY-a, C.
Minyae, mln'T-P ; Minyas, -Y-as, C.
Miquelon, me'kf-lfiw', ,1/.
Mirabeau, mYr-a-bo' or mt'ra'bS',

.1/.
Mirepoix, mfre-pwa', M.
Miriam, mYr'Y-am, B.
Mirimo, mf-re'md, 31.
Mirzapoor, meVza-poor', M.
Misael, mla'A-Pl, h.
Misenum, int-se'nu.m, C.
Misgab. mYs'gab, B.
Mishael, mYBh't-el, B.
Mi33a, inls'sa, 31.
Mississippi, niis'Ys-Yp'Y, 31.
Missolonghi, mYB'sC-lBn'ge", 31.
Missouri. iiiTs-oo'rY, 31.
Mithradates, mYtb/ra-dS'tSz, C.
Mithridates, mYtVrl-da'te/. B. 5r C.
Mitylene. mit'Y-le'nf, B- ; Mitylenae

or Mitylene. nut'' le'nf, < '.
Mlzpah, mYz'pn .• Mizpeh, -pe, B.
Mizraim, mYz-rS'Ym, I',.
Mkango, 'mkan'fff), M.
Mkanjo, 'mkan'yfi, M.
Mkizamba, 'mkr-zi'mi'ba, 31.
Mnasalcas, na-s&Kkas, C.
Mnasicles. nfts'i-klGz, C.
Mnaslgiton, nas'l-iftOn, C.
Mnasippus. na-sYp'piis. C.
Mnason, nS'sBn, /:. k C.
Mneraium, nO-ml'tim, C
Mnemon, ne'mRn, C.
Mnemosyne, nG-mSs'T-nf, C.
Mnesilaus. nl s'T-lii'fm. (".
Mnesim».che, ne-slm'a-kG, C.

518

Mnevis, ne'vYe. C. tc B.
Moab. mo'ab ; Moabite, -&b-It, B.
Moamia, mC-a-iue'4, 31.
Mobanji, mfi-nan'jY, 31.
Mobile, nid-lieK, 31.
Mocha, mo'ka, Arab. niO'ka', M.
Modena, mOd'S-iia, M.
Moeris, me'rYs, C.
Moero. ino-a'r6, 31.
Moesia, me'shY-a, C.
Moeth, mo'tth, B.
Mogadore, mog-a-dor', 3f.
Mogul. ino-giiK, 31.
Mohacs. mo-nach', M.
Mohammed, mrt-littm'mrd, M.
Mohawk, m'6'\\. k. .)/.
Moheelev, mS-h'5'1 v, 31.
Mohegan, mO-he'gan, 31.
Moine, in wan, 31.
Moir. moi'Pr. St.
Mojeka. mn-ja'ka, 31.
Mokundi, mi -kdon'd*, M.
Moldau, niol'ilou, 31.
Moldavia, m81-da/'vi-a, M.
Moloch, nio'l k, B.
Moliere, mtAt-kr', 31.
Molli, inel'lY, 31.
Moloch, mo'lCk, B.
Molokai, m6-lo-kl', M.
Moluccas, mC-luk'kaz, 31.
Molumti, mi'i-l(5om/,bY, 31.
Molyneux, mBlt-nooks', M.
Mombas, inOm-bas,1 31.
Mombasa, mSm-ha'sa, 31.
Mombutu, mOm-bw'too, 31.
Momenge, mo-m h'^ft, a.
Mompox, mtm-p&h', 31.
Momus, mS'mCs, C.
Mona, nid'na, 31.
Monaco, mSn'a-kfi, 31.
Monadr.ock, m'-nad'nuk, 31.
Monaghan. mBn'a-han, .1/.
Mona Kandi, nio'na kan'dY, 31.
J,Tona Mangi, ino'na man'gl, 31.
Mona Tenda, mo'na trn'da, 31.
Mondego, mSn-da'gft, 31.
Mondongo, mon-dfin'go, 31.
Mongalla, infiii-^'jirii, 31.
Mongolia. iiinn-^o'lY-a, 31.
Movongahela, mv-nSn-ga-hSIa, M.
Monongalia, rnfi-nBn-ga'll-a, 31.
Monroe. inun-r5', 31.
Monrovia, mSn-ro'vY-a, 31.
Mons, iiinNs, 31.
Montague, ni8n,ta-p:rt, 31.
Montaigne. mOn-tan' ; F. muS'-

tanv^, 31.
Montalembert, niMX/tii/15NT/bar', M.
Montana, mfin-tii'na. 31.
Montargis, moN/tar/zhe', 31.
Montauban, mftn'tf/hSN', 31.
Mont Blanc, nio\ l)15v, 31.
Mont Cenis, mSN h'-wc.', 31
Montenegro, ltiun'tt-iia'sn4), 31.
Monterey. m6n-tc-ra', M.
Montespan. moN't s/j)On/', M.
Montesquieu, mOn't* 's-ku'; F, mOw'-

t R'k r'. 31.

Montevideo. mfin-tft-vE'd*-6, 31.
Montgomery, rnftnt-gJtm'Sr-Y, .'/.
Montholon. mrtN'tyiSN', ;)/.
Monticello. ltclii, mf Ti-tr-chCl'lo ;

ir. s . mon-tf-s Klo, 31.
Mont'jo. mfm-tS'lift, of.
Montmartre, liiMN-'itiiir'tr, 31. _
Montmorency, mfiN'mf/rON'nE', 31.
Montpelier. mSnt-pg'lY^r, 31.
Montpellier. mfiN'p Flya'. M.
Montpensier. mriN'p8N'B6-t', 31.
Montreal, mBnt'rS-nl', 31.
Montrose, miiD-trOz', 31.
Mon Tzombl. ni5n tsC'n'bY, M.
Mooltan, nidSl-tiln', J .
Moore. m6>, .1/.

Moorshedabad. tiuT'ir'Rhi'd-d-bad', M.
Mopoco. mfi-pB'kft, M.
Moradabad, in.'-iiid'ii-hiid', M-
Moravia, inr-ia'vi-a, 31.

MUSSUMBA

Moray or Murray, mar'ft, M.

Morbihan, mi0ivdC/5n/', 31.

Mordecai, 11161'' de-ka, B.

Morea, niij-re'a, 31.

Moreau, miVio', J*.

Morena, Sierra, se-5r':a mS-rS'na,

31.
Moriah, mG-ri'a, B.
Morlaix, mor'ta', 31.
Moray, mOr'nf or nioKne', 31.
Morocco, mf.-iCk'n, 31.
Morpheus. iii6r,pht-us or -f Qs, C.
Morrell. mBr'rel or mOr-r, 1', 31.
Moscheles, m5sh'f-U's. 31.
Moscow, mQs'kO ; Runs. Moskva,

musk-va', 31.
Moselle, ni(1-zMr, 31.
Moses. mS'zfz, B_. 8c C.
Mosquito, mf.s-ke'tn, 31.
Mossokonghe. in&s/sr-kfin/'gwn', 31.
Mossumba. mOs-soom'ba, 31.
Mosul, nio'jn.l. 31.
Mouata. moo-a'ta, 31.
Moultrie. mdo'trY, .1/.
Mowatt. nio'at, 31.
Mozambique, m8-zam-bek', 31.
Mozart, mi -zart': 6. inot'sart, M.
Mpala, 'mpii'la. 31.
Mpama. 'nipa'nia, 31.
Mpota, 'nipo'tii. 31.
Mpuelo, 'mpwa'ln, 31.
Mpunga. 'inpoon'gi, 31.
Mpwapwa. 'mpwa'pwa, M.
Mruli, 'mroo'lY, M.
Msalala, 'msa-lii'la, 31.
Msuata, 'mswa'ta, 31.
Mswa. 'mswa, 31.
Mswar. 'mswa'-, 31.
Mtombwe. 'nitem'bwa", M.
Mu, niu, K.
Muafl, mwii'fY, 31.
Muata, niwii'ta. 31.
Muona Mene, mws 'na ma'ne, M.
Muggi, mui;'gY, 31.
Mug age. mu-gu'j:Y. 31.
Mugwardie, mug-war'de, 31.
Muhlenberg, -burg, mu'ten-berg, M.
MahlhaUBen1iiiul-liou'zeu, 31.
Muhova. mdo-he'va, 31.
Muiri. niwe'i'Y. 31.
Mukolla, nioo-kol'la. 31.
Mukonde, moo-kSn'dff, M.
Mukuri, moo-koo'rY, 31.
Mulde. mUbVUie, '31.
Mulemba. nioo-lCiTi'ba, M.
Miiller. muKlSr, 31.
Muller. mul'ISr, 31.
Midready. mul'rrd-Y, 31.
Mumbembe, mfim-bSm'bft, 31.
Munchauien, mun-cha/sen ; O.

Manchhausen, liiunk'hou-zen, 31.
Mundu, nioou'doo, 31.
Munduku, moon-d<3o'k<5&, 3f.
Munich, nm'nYk ; d. Miinchen,

mun'shen. .)/.
Munin, niotiu'ln. N.
Munono. inoo-no'nn, 31.
Munoz, mdbn-ySth', .)/.
Muoa. moo o'i\, 31.
Munster. Ireland, mttn'stCr ; Oer-

maim, nuwii'sttr. ,)/.
Munychia. nin-iiTk'Y-a, C.
Mur or Muhr. moor, 31.
Murat. iiiu'iii' or mfl-rat', M.
Muravief or Muraviev, inoc>-ia-vef'

or moo-i'ii-v> - 1 ', 31.
Murcia, niC'i'slil-u, C. S- 31.. Sp.

nioc>r'tht-a, 31.
Murillo, milo-i-ol'y* or mu-rll'lo, 31.
Musaba, moT^aa'bi, 31.
Muscat. mOs-kttt'. 3/.
MusenMne, mfis-kiV-ten', 31.
Muscogee. inus-ko''gt. 31.
Muscovy, nins'kr-vY, 31.
Musea. mn-s5'd : Museum, -Cm, C
Mnskinifum, nin.H-kln'gi'.ni. 31.
Muspelheim. inatis'p 1-liTm. iV.
Mussumba. m<'>os-8oT»m ba, 31.

fi, 8, T, 0, u, lonj; ; a, C, Y, 0, D, y, short ; scii.itc, I vent, Idea, Obey, (luite, oftre, arm, ask, nil, final.
li, Uiblicul 1 C, Classical j E, Egyptian j H, Hindoo ; 31, Modern \ X, Norse. ISce paj;e i'J7.]

MUT

Mat, rndot, E.

Mutchie. inu'che\ M.

Mutiue. nm'sliT-ne, C.

Mutuinoa, moo-too-infi'd, M.

Mwumi. mwoo'mt, M.

Mycale. mtk'a-l?. C

Mycenae, -ne. mT-sS'nS : -nls, -nYs. C.

Myconus. ni'kT- or mt-k5'nus, C.

Mygale. mYg'a-le", C.

Mylitta. mt-ttt'ta, C.

Myra. mi'rd. Ii. 6> C.

Myrina. mT-rt'na, C.

Myrinus. mT-rt'nHs or niYr'Y-nQB, C.

Myrmidone, mSr-niTd'fi-nf, C.

Mysia. mtzh'T-i, P.. %■ C.

Mysore, int-sov', M.

Mytilene. mYt'T-le'ii?, C. Sf M.,=

Mkteliw, .1/. _
Mzczonow, inslia-zo'n5v, 31.
Mzombe, 'mzom'bit, 31.

N.

Naaman, na'd-man, B.

Naaran. na'a-ran, B.

Naas. iia», .1/.

Naashon. ntt-asli'o'n, B.

Nabal. ua'bal, Ii.

Naboth. na'botli, B.

Nabuchodonosor, nab'tY-kB-dOn'S-

s6r. Ii.
Nacolia. nakfi-lT'd or na-k5']Y-a, C.
Nacone, nak'u-n? or na-ko'nS, C.
Nadab. nii'dab. B.
Nadir Shah, nii'dr sha, 31
Naera, nfr-e'ra, ('.
Naevia, ne'vT-d ; Naevius, -vY-Hs, C.
Naga. na'ga, //.
Nagananda. lin-jra-nau'da. //.
Nagasaki, na-ga-sa'ke, .1/.
NagyKdroly. nodj ka-rol'. M.
Nahaliel, na-hS'lT-Cl, Ii-
Naham. iia'ham. B.
Nahant. na-hant', M.
Nahash. na'hash, B.
Nahor. na'hdr, li.
Nahum, na'hOm, B.
NaiadeB.nY-i'd-dez, C
Naiaa. na'va.s, C.
Nain, na'Tn, B.
Naia, na'Ys. C.
Naiwasha, nt-wii'sha, 31.
Nako. n&'kG, 31.
NamaquaLna-ma/'kwii. V
Namur. na'niur : /•'. nd'mur', 31.
Nana Sahib, na'na sa'liYh. M.
Nancy, n&n'sT; F. noN'se', M.
Nankin, nan-kYn' or nan'kYn, or

Nanking. nan-kYng', M.
Nantes. nant> \ F. n8\t, 31.
Nantucket, nan-tnk'et. .)/.
Nantwich, n&nt'Ych, M.
Naomi. nii-o'iiiY or na/o-niY, Ii.
Naphtali. nat'ta-li. B.
Napier, na'pY-5r. .1/.
Naples. nS'plz ; It. Napoli, nu'p<5-lf,

Napoleon. nd-p5'l?-un, 31.
Narada. na'ra-da, //.
Narasingha. nar-d-sYn'-a. //
Nar&yana. na-ra'ya-na, //.
Narbona. nar-bo'na, C
Narbonne. nar-bbn', .)/.
Narcissus '•' V C

Narlsci. nd-rY»'sI, V.
Narragansett. nftr'a-gan'i t, J/.
Narvaez. nar-vi'< tli, 31.
Naseby. nftz'bT, M.
Nashua, nftah'H-4, 31.
Nassau. na»'a, M.
Nastrand. nas'trind, jV.
NasuB

Natal, na-tal', M.
Natchez, nach'i z, 31.
Natchi'toches, nttk-C-tQsh' or uach-Y-
tOch'oz, U.

519

Nathan. nS'than. B.
Nathanael. na-than'Ml, B.
Nathanias. nath'a-nT'as, H.
Naucrates. n I'kv-i-tes •, -tis, -tYs, C.
Naugatnck. n /ea-t ik, M.
Naum. in' in, B.
Naumachuo. n I'nv'-k'ls, C.
Naumburg. noum'b«%rR, M.
NaupUa. n ,'plY-a: -plius, -[»1Y-«b, C.
Nausicaa. na-sYk'ft-a, ( .
Nausimachus. nn-aYm'a-k&s, C.
Nauteles. n I'tf-lez, C.
Navajoe. nav'a-hit, H.
Navarino. na-va-rS'nft, ^f.
Navarre, na-var'j Sp. Navarra, nii-

var'rii. M.
Naxos. naks'Os. ('. V .1/.
Nazareth, naz'a-r th, Ii. i( M.
Ndoruma, jul^-roo'ina, M.
Ndua, 'r.doo'a, M.
Neasra, iif-erra. C.
Neagh. Lough. IBh na'. M.
Neander, nt-an'dSr, M.
Neapolis. iir-ap'r.-lYs. /?. Sc C.
Neapolitaai, ne/a-iK>!/Y-ta/'iiI, C.
Nearchus, nf-iir'k' s, ('.
Nebraska, n(-bras'ka, M.
Nebuchadnezzar, neb' fl-kad-ncz'zar,

B.
Nebuchadrezzar, neb/(l-kad-rCz/'zar,

B.
Necho. ne'kn, B.
Neckar, n k';ir, JA.
Necker. nKk'Sr ; /-'. n k'kfir', M.
Necropolis. nt-krOp'6-lYa, C.
Nedjed. n d'j d, M.
Neemias, iie'e-mi/'as, B.
Nef. n f, E.

Nehemiah. n&Tie-ml'a, B.
Neiel. nc-i'.. 1 onie't-rl. B.
Neilgherry. lul-uCr't, M.
Neiase, iri'>e. M.

Neith. nath, or Neitha. nS'tha, E.
Nemaaa, nt-me'a, or Nemea, i/ames,

ne'inNa. C.
Nemea. toim Sr rirrr. ne'niC-a, C.
Neme8a, tuin'r-sa. C.
Nemesis nPm'C-
Nemours, ne-moor'. J/.
Neogenes, nf-Bi'r-nez, C.
Neolaus ne'r-la'i b, ( .
Neomagua. n^-Sm'a-ple, C.
Neomedes. ne'C-me'dez, C.
Neoptoiemus. ne'Cp-tOl'C-raas, C.
Neosho, iK-o't-li". .1/.
Nepaul n6-piK. M.
Neph. ii t, k.
Nephthali.irftlid.il. B.
Nephtnys, n f'tlis, E-
Nepia. n-pY'd. C*.
Nepoko. ii*-iio'ko, .1/.
Nepos. ng'pBs, C.
Nepthali. nCp'thd-H, B.
Neptunus. n p-t n '
Nerbuddah. nEr-bBd'a, M.
Nereis. nfr-ri'YB or ne'rf-t6, C
Nereus. Di'rys, B. ; ne'rC-ds or ner-

V«ri. n«>rt. /.'. ; na'rC, M.

Nero. ne'n*. /.

Nesselrode. n »'* l-x'/de, 31.

Ne3toraB. I

Ne8torius. nrs-to'rY-ns, C-

Nethareel, nr-thanT-ri, B.

Nethaniah. n^ tli'ii-nl'd, Ii.

Netherlands, n Hi'fr-lfindz ; D.

Nederland na'dfir-lint, 31.
Neuturg. nni'M&r«r, .)/.
Neuchatel or Neufchatel, ii!'.-

M
Neuilly. nf'yP'. M.
Neumarkt. noi'markt, -V-
Neusatz. noi'siitz, M.
Neu3e mis M.
Neuatadt, noi'gtiit, M.
Neuwied. noi'vtt, 31.
Neva. i.ft'vH. M.
Nevada, nC-va' .

NOTREDAME

Nevers. nc-vdr', 3f.

Newark. nu'Jrk, 3f.

New Castle, nil' kas-sl. M.

Newfoundland. nn'fQnd-land'. M

New Granada. nD gri-ni'da, m.

New Guinea. nQ gYn'6, .!/.

New Hampshire. nQ liiimp'shSr, .V.

New Jersey, nu j?r/'?Y, .)/.

New Leon, DO lS'On ; Sp. Nuevo
Leon, nwa'vr, l-t-on', 3t.

New Orleans. riO fl-'lf-anz, 31.

Newton, im'tun, M.

New Zealand, nu ze'l«nd, 31.

Ney. ua, M.

Nezheen. nizh'fn, .V.

N'gami, 'iifra'mt. .1/.

Nghiri. 'tige're", M.

Ngombe, 'iiL'om'bi*. .V.

Nguco. 'n-no'kn, .)/.

Nguru. 'ngoVrot*. M.

Ngutunga. 'ngoo-tedn'ga, 31.

Niagara, nt-atr'd-ra, 31.

Nicaea or Nicea. nt-se'd, C.

Nicasnetus, nt-sCn't-tris, C.

Nicanor. nt-ka'nOr, Ii. V C.

Nicaragua, nr-ka-ra'gwa, 3F.

Nice. nl'sP, C. ; nes, 31.

Niceas. nYs'^-as, C.

Nicobar, iiTk-T.-biir. It.

Nicodamus, nlk'o-da',mu8 or nt-
kOd'd-mfia, C.

Nicodemus, lilk'A-fle'mus. /?. if C.

Nicodorus, nlk'r-do'rf-. (

Nicolai. ne-kft-la'6 or nC-kO-U', M.

Nicolas. nYk'o-lns. Ii. s .V.

Nicolau8, iiYk'fi-la'us, C.

Nicolay. nf-ko-lii'e, 31.

Nicomachus. nY-kBm'd-ktts, C.

Nicomedes, nTkT-nie'dez, C.

NicopoUs. nt-kBp'o-lYs, B. if C.

Nicosia. nf-k&-ee"'a, 31.

Niebuhr. ne'boor. .1/.

Nieder Wesel. ne'dSr va'z'l. M.

Niemen.ne'iiirn: Po2tsftnyem'ea.JC

Niflheiia. nYl'I-lnm. N.

Niger. nl'jSr, R . <' . v 31.

Nikolaiev. nC-kr,-li'cf', 31.

Nile, nil, 31.

Nileua. iiTl'f-fls or nl'lns, C

Nilgiri. nY!-ge'-Y, .1/.

Nilus. ni'lns. C.

Nimes or Nismes. nem, 31.

Nimrod. nini'rod. U.

Nindo. ntn'dfi, .)/.

Nineveh, Nineve. nYn'f-vc, B.

Ningpo. nYn^'po', 3f.

Ninive. nTn'Y-vf ; Nineve. -?-v

Niobe. nl'fl-M, C

Niphon, nYf'On', or Nippon. nYp'Sn',

Nisaea. nt-sf 'd. C.
Nisan. nY'san. /.'.
Niehapoor. nYsh'A-pdoK, 31.
Nizhnee Novgorod, nTzh'ne u0v-g3'-

rBd. 31
Nkange. 'nktn'cc, 31.
Nkanfe. 'nkan'ie. V.
Nkuri. 'nkoVrti M
Nmalagaria, ■niiia'lii-sra'rY-ii. 31.
Nmalagarido. 'nniu lagi-rfi'dO, 31.
Noah iid'a, Ii.

Noailles, nfi'al' or nft/iy", M
Nocera. nfi-cli5'ra. It.
Nomadea, nOm'd-dfiz, B. V C.
Noph. nr,f. /;.

Nordhausen. nrirt-hou'zen, it.
Nordrl. nflrd'rT.
Noifolk. i.or'fnk. M.

idy, nflr'man-dY, M.
Nornen. nfti'ii^n, X.
Norrki ping. nBr'cli5-pYng, M.
Norway, n'.r'wa. M
Norwich. Eng., nOr'rYj ; U. S-, nor'-

web..)/.
Nosil-B4. mVsf"
Nostradamuj. no- rrA-da'mOs ; /.

Notredame n^tr-dsim', it.
Nctiam, n.vtl'Om, C.

f5rn, recent. 6rb, Pflde, lull, dm. lood, lolit. out. oil, cliair. c<.. mng, ink. then, thin, borf.
Ii, Biblical i C, Claaaical ; E, Egypuao i U, Uindoo i 31, Moderu i M, Norse I8e« page 497.)

NOTTINGHAM

Nottingham, nBt'Yng-am, M.
Novara. nn-v&'rft, M.

Novaria. nr.-va'rY-a, C.

Nova Scotia, no'va skQ'shY-a, M.

Nova Zembla, no'va zm'bla, M.

Novgorod. liBVgd-rBd, M.

Novi, no'vf, 31.

Noyon. nS'yOK^, 31.

Nsutua. 'nsoo-too'a, M.

N'Tenke. n'ten'kS, M.

Nu. iiu; Num, nfim, E.

Nubia, n u'br-a, M.

Nueces, nwa'sts, 31.

Nula. noo'la, M.

Noma, nu'ma, C

Numantia. nu-man'shY-a, C.

Numenia. n*Vme'uY-a. B. Jr C.

Numida, nQ'mY-da ; Numidae, nu'-

mY-dC. C.
Numidia. nil-mYd'Y-a : -ius, -Y-Qs, C.
Numitor, nii'mY-tBr, C.
Nun, nun. S.
Nun or Noon, noon . IT
Nuremberg. nu'mn-bSrg; Q. Niirn-

berg. nurn'btrg. J/.
Nutpe. noot'p£. A,'.
Nyanga. nC-iin'ga or n'yan/ga, M.
Nyangwe, lu-an'gwJ, 31.
Nyanza, nt-an'za, 31.
Nyassa, n£-as'sii, 31.
Nykcping, nu-cliS'pYng, M.
Nymwegen, nYm'wa'gen, M.
Nyon, nt'Ow', 31.

Oahu. fi-a'hoo. 3/.

Oajaca, wa-ha'ka, 31.

Oases, o'a-sez, C.

Oasis. o'a-sYs or ("i-a'sYs. C.

Oaxes. rs-aks'ez: Oaxus. O-aks'Hfl, C.

Obadiah. o'ba-dl'a or 8b'a-di'a, B.

Obamba. ri-bam'ba, M.

Obed. o'bfd, B.

Oberlin. 6'ber-lYn, M.

Obumbi. ?-boom/'b?, M.

Ocala. 6-kan'ya, 31.

Oceana. C-sht-a'na. 31.

Oceania. 8-sht-a'nl-a, or Oceanica,

o-shP-Sn'Y-ka. M.
Oceanides, o'shf-an'Y-dez, C.
Oceanus. o-se'a-nus, C.
Ocelis. n-se'lYs, C.
Ocmulgee. Bk-mril'ge-, 31.
Oconee, fi-ko'n*. 31.
Ocracoke. B'kri-kOk, 31.
Octavia. 8k-ta'v~-a ; Octayius, 8k-

ta'v.-ns: Octavianus. -vi-a'nus, C.
Oded. 5'dd. B.
Odense. o'den-s^, 3f.
Odessa. fi-d s'sa, 31.
Odin, o'dYn, A*.

Odoacer, 6-dfi'a-s5r or Bd'o-a'sSr, C.
Odysseus, "-(lis'sf-iis o/--dTs^sus, C.
(Ecolampadius, tk'tj-lam-pa'dY-us,

OZcumenius. rk'fl-me'nY-tis, C.

CBdipus. > d'f-pQs, V.

Oels. f-ls. M.

(Eneis. P-nSts, C.

CEneon. e'nf-Bn, C.

OZneus. e'nf-fis or e'nQs, C

CEnias. e'nl-as, C.

(Enotria, f-no'trT-a, C.

Oesel. e'sel, ->/■

Ogeechee. n-ee'chC, M.

Ogilvie. o'gl-vY, 31.

Oglethorpe, o'gl-thdi ]>. .'/•

Oglio. Bl'yft, 31.

Ogowe. fi-g6'wft, J/.

Ogygia. fi-jYj'Y-a ; Ogygida, -Y-dS, C.

Ohio. B-M>6, M.

Oileus. ft-Yl'8-0s or u-T'lds, a

Oise. wlz, .1/.

Oubbeway, r.-jYb'W-wa, 31.

Okanga, G-k&g'ga, 31.

520

Okechobee. fi-kf-chs'b?, 31.

Okennokee. r-kt-fY-uo'kt, 31.

Okhotsk, n-kotsk'. M.

Olaus. i -la'ns. or Olaf. o'liif, 31.

Oldenburg, oKden-lidorg, 31.

Oldys, ol^lTs or oklz. M.

Olenos, Bl'e-nOs : Olerus, Ol'S-rHs, C.

Ol-ron, t/Wibvrj 31.

Olivares. fi-lP-va'ivs, 31.

OUvet, 81't-vgt, £. ; 6/lg/var or BKS-

Olivier. Mf»M', If.

Oimstead. Sni'std, J/.

Olmatz, oKtnuts, .1/.

Olonets, f>-10-n ts', .V.

Olophernes. 51'6-fSr'nez, B.

Olympia. G-ltm'pt-a, C. «c 31.

Olympius, n-lTm'pY-us, B. «,• C.

Olympus. C-lYm'pdB, C.

Olyphant. Bl'I-fant, 31.

Omaha, o'tna-h.i', 31.

Oman, £-miin', .1/.

Omar, n'lnar, 1J.

O'Meara, O-me'ra ; Irish 8-ma''ra,
.1/.

Omphale. Bm'fa-16; -lus, -ltis, C.

Omri. Oin'rl, B.

Onan. o'nan, B.

Onasicvates, Bn'a-sYk'ra-tez.C

Onasimedes. Bn'i'i-sf-me'dez, C.

Onasiphoris. Hn'a-slf' 6-rYs, C.

Onega. G-ne'ga ; Iinss. O-na'ga, M.

Oneglia, C-nal'va, 31.

Oneida, o-ni'da, 31.

Onesima, 0-n s'Y-ina. C; Onesimus,
<%n s'l-mfo, B, &• C.

Onesiphorus. Bn't-sTf d-rfis, B. &,• C.

Onondaga. 5n-nn-d irKa, 31.

Ontario. On-ta'rT-o, 31.

Onuphis. o-nu'fYs, C.

Onus, o'nns^/?.

Oonalaska. 66-na-las'kft, M.

Oonao.^o'n^-fi, 31.

Oorfa. oor'la. 31. _

Ooroomeyah1oo-roo nie'd, 31.

Oosterliout, os'ter-hout', M.

Oozbck, 6oz-b"k'. M.

Opelousaa, 0p-t-loo,s«s, M.

Ophel, o'i 1, B.

Ophir, o'fSr, B. if M.

Ophis. 6'Hs, C.

Ophrah, Cf'ra, B.

Opica. n-pe'kn, M.

Opici. 8p'r-sT, C.

Oporto, n-rior'tii, 31.

Oppenheim. Bp'ppn-lilm, M.

Oquirrh. o'kwgr, 31.

Oran. 0-riin', 31. *

Orange, Br'anj : F. o'rBNzh', M.

Orcades. Si-'ka-dez, C. V 31.

Ordessus. 6r-d s'sus, C.

Ordesus, 6i -tie's us, C.

Oreb. o'r b, B.

Orebro, e'r^-broo, 3T.

Oregon, BrT-gBn. 31.

Orel. 0-r K. or Orlov, 8r-l»f, M.

Orenboorg, B'ren-bfi&rg, If.

Oreos, a city, o'rf-Bs ; Bacchus, 0-re'-
os. C.

Orestae. o-rPs'tf : Orestes, -tez, C.

Oreta. 8r't-tf , C

Orflla. 6r-fe'lii or 5r-fMa', M.

Orgetorix, 6i-j fo-rYks, C.

Ongenes, o-rij'f-nez, C.

Origo. 0-rT'jrfi, C.

Orihuela, 0-rt-w51a, 31.

Orinoco, n-rY-nS'ko. 31.

Orion. r.-ri'Bn. B. v C.

Orithyia, or'T-thi'va. C.

Orizaba. B-rP-tha'ba, .1/.

Orkney, ork'nf, 31.

Orl annais, dr'la'An'nl', 31.

Orleans. Sr'liSanz : F. Si'IiVBn', 31.

Ormus. fii'miis, 31.

Ormuzd, fir'miizd or 6r'mo"ozd, Per-
sian

Oman. dr'nBn. B.

Orontes, r.-rBn'tez, C. ir M.

PALEMBAN(;

Orpah. 6r'pa[. B.

Orpheus, 6:-ie'ris or dr'ftls, C.

Orsini. Sr-se'nf, 31.

Orsiioe, or-sYn'i*:-? ; -ome, -S-m6, C.

Orthez or Orthes, oKtS', 31.

Ortygia, 6r-tij't-a. C.

Orvieto, Cr-vt-a'to, 31.

Oryx, S'rYks, C.

Osaces, O-^a'sez, C.

Osage, n-i-aj' ; F. o-zazh'. 31.

Osbaldistone,_0s-bal-disrtun, 31.

Osceola. fis-C-o'la, JA_

Oshmooneyn, Bsli-moo-n5n', 31.

Osiris. r-sT'r!s, C. 4- E.

Osnabrack. Bs'na-bruk7, 31.

Osnaburg, Bz'na-berg, 31-

Ossian. (nsl^an, 31.

Ossoli. Bs'bO-IS, 31.

Ostade, 8s-tiir(l< . 31.

Ostend. Bst-md', 31.

Ostia. Bs'tY-a, C. &• 31.

Ostiaks, Bs't -5ks', 31.

Ostrogothi. Bs-trBg'C-thT, C.

Oswegatchie._8s-wi:--ach/'Y, 31.

Oswego. Bs-we'gn, 31.

Otchakof or Oczakow, 8cli-a-k8f/',

.1/
Othniel. 8th'nY-51. B.
Otho. 6'th6, C. &,- 31.
Ottawa, 8t'ta-wa. 31.
Ottoman, Sftu-nvfn. 31.
Ouachita or Washita, \v8sh'Y-ta, M.
Ouche, oosh, 31.
Oude, oud, .1/.
Oudinot, oo'de'nS', 31.
Ouray, oo-ra', 31.
Ouse. ooz. 31.
Overyssel. o-ver-Ts'sel, 31.
Overweg. o'vSr-vitg. .1/.
Ovid. Sv'Td, C. i,- M.
Oviedo. O-v^a'do, 31.
Oviembo, u-yY-f m'bu, 31.
Owego, O-we'gC, 31.
Owyhee, B-wIyhf , M.
Oxarte3, Bks-ar'tez, C.
Oxenstiern, Bks'eii-stern'. 31.
Oxus, BksTis, C. & J/.
Oxyporus. 8ks-Yp'o-riis, C.
Oxyrrhoe, Bks-Tr'rO-S, C*.
Oyapock or Oyapoc, oi-a-pSk', M.
Ozanam, C'za'nSN', 31.
Ozark, 6-zai k', 31.
Ozias, t)-zl'as, B.
Oziel, o'zY-el, B.

P.

Pacheco, pa-cha'kfi, 31.

Pacio, pa'chG, 31. ; Pacius, pa'shY-Hs,

Pactolis, pak-to'lYs ; -Ins, -Ids, C.
; Padan, pa'dan, B.
'< Padang, pa-dang', 31.

Padua, pad'n-a, C. 4- 31. : It. Padova,
pa'do-va, 31.

Padu8a.pa-drirs&, C

Paean, pe'nn, C.

Paeon. per8n, C.

Paestum. pgs'tJIm, C.

Paez, pa' th. 31.

Pagani, pa-ga'nf, 31.

Paganini. pa-ga-ne'ufi, M.

Pages, pa'zha'. .1/.

Paget, paj't t, 31.

Paisley, jmz'lr. 31.

Pakura, pii-koo'n'i. .1/.

Palaemon. pa-15'm8n, C.

Palaeste, pa-lrs'tf, C

Palaestina. pal- s-tT'na: -ni. -nT. C.

Palafox, pal-a-fOks'; Sj>- pa-la-loh',
i 31.

Palamedes. pWI'a-mS'dBz, C.

Palntinus, pai'A-tl'nPs, C.

Palatium. pa-ia'ehY-flin. C
j Palawan, pal'a-wan', 31.
> Palembang. pal' m-bang', 31.

ft. e, T, fi, n, long ; a, ?, Y, 8, il, y, short ; sen.Yte, event, Idea, obey, finite, cfire, arm. Ask, nil, finnl.
Ji, Biblical i C, Classical i E, Egyptian » U, Hindoo t if, Aioderu i .V, Vo-se. [See page 497.]

PALENCIA

Palencia, pa-l?n'th?-a. if.

Palenque, pa-l-'n'ki, il.

Palermo, pa-lCr'mO ; It. pa-lSr'rao,

Palestina. paTcs-tl'na, B.
Palestiie. pal'fs-Hii. B. Jr if.
Palestrina, psVIes-trS'ni, if.
Palgrave. p'l'grav, M.
Palinuru3. pa!M-na'r;is, C.
Palladium. pal-15'dr-um, C.
Palma. pal'md, -'/.
Palmer, pa'mer, if.
Palmerston. paiu'er-stun, M,
Palmyra, pal-ml'ra, C. v if.
Pamlico, pam'Il-ku. if.
Pamphylia. pftm-fll'i-4, B. tf C.
Pamploaa, pam-plo'na, if.
Pamunfcey or -ky. pa-ni .nk'T, il.
Panacea, pan'a-ie'4, C.
Panama, pfin'a-ma', U.
Pandareua. p&n-ds'rt-fis, C.
Pandarua, pan'di-r . .
Pandora, pan-lo'ra; -rus, -rus, C.
Panegyria, pa-n j'l-i
Panemus, a month, paD'f-nius; o

jnan, pa-ne'n.
Panga. pin'ga, .'/
Panganl, pin-ga'nY, .1/.
Panhellenes. pan'lu-l-le'nSz, C.
Pannona. p&n'G-na, C
Pannonia, pfin-no'iiT-a, C.
Panola, pan-o'la. .'/.
Panorama, pa-uftr'inSa, C.
Pantheon, pan'thc-3n or pan-the'On,

Paoii. It., par&-15 or pou'l* ; U S.,

pii-o'ie, M.
Paphia. pa'ft-a. or -e. ■& ; -1. -T, C.
Paphlagonia. pstfla-go'nT-4, C.
Paphoa. paloa,
Papiaa. pS'jrt-da, C.
Papin, papain; /•'. pi'pKH', il.
Papua, pap'oo-a or pa'p<x>-a, = New

UDI*EA. M.

Papyriua. pa-pTr'l-iis, C.
Para, pa-ni'. il.
Paracolsua, paKa-s 1'-
Paracletoa. par'a-kle't
Paraclytua. pa-raklT-ttta, C.
Paradise. par'a-dT*, />'. V il.
Paraguay, pa-i a-gwl' or pii'ra-gwa,

Parah. pa'ra, /?._

Parahiba. pa-ra-e'ba. if.

Paramaribo. par-a-ui&r'I-b'*, il.

Paran, pS'rtn, li.

Parana, pa-rli-na', il.

Parima, pa-re'ina, if.

Paria, pa'ris, ft; Eng. pftr'Ts ; F.

pa'-e', if.
Parisii, pi-r'sh'T-T, C
Parium. pi'rT-um, C
Parma, pii.-'rna. .;/.
Parmenaa, p&t'mt-wn, B. V C
Parnaasua, par-na-'s - ; Parnasna,

-na's us : Parneaaus. -n s'tus, ft
Paroa. pS'rtSe, C.Jt M.
Parrhaaiua. par-ra'-hf-iis, C.
Partheni. par-tlie'nl : -nia, -nT-a ;

-niaa -ni-'i> : -niua. -nl
Parthenlce, par-tli n'
Parthenon. par'thC-n!5n. C.
Parthenope. par-fhen'C-p?, C.
Parthia. rar't
Parthiene. paKtln-e'n*. C
Parthini par-tlil'nl ; -nas, -nOs, C.
Paryaatia. pa-r:s'a-tls, ft
Paaach. pS'skk, A.
Paaargadae. pa-ar'tra-
Paacagoula. pKt-ksV-gol '
Pascal, pa-'kl; F. pas'
Pas de-Calais, pa'de-ka
Paaeah. p —'a. B.
Paaeaa. p*'«#-
Paahur, pash'Cr, H.
Pasiphae. pi-sif'd-f : lie. -MO, C.
Pa3itelea. [):i-sTt/'0-lez. C.
Paaithea. pa-sTth'f-a . -oe. -6-S, C.

521

Paskevltch or Paakewltach, pas-ka'-

Paaaaic. pas-?a'!k, M.
Paaaamaquoddy, pa.^'sa-mi-kwOd'T,

Paaaau. pas'sou, M.
Patagonia, p&t-aj-gd'nT-A, it.

Patara, pat'a-ra,
Pateraon, p&t'Cr-aOn, M.

PathroB, jiatli'rQs, B.

Patmos. p&fmOs, U. v J/.

Patraa. pa-tras', .)/.

Patroclea, pat'rr>-klcz, C.

Patroclua, pa-tro'klus, B.

Pau, pa' Q, Li.; po, M.

Paul, p.tl, B. \ Of.

Paula, p.t'la, C.

Paulina. p.,-li'na, C. ; -le'nA, M.

Paulua. nrluB, A', ft C; pou'lue, M.

Pauaaniaa. p ->\'\\\-c

Pavia, p;

M.

ravia. pa-ve- a, .>/.

Pawtucket. p -t;.k' t, M.

Paxoa. pftka^oa, C. \ M.

Peabody, i)e'b<5d-T, M,

Pearce. pen or pCrs SI.

Pearson, pgr'adn or p* ''.«"in, M.

Pe-Chee-Lee_, pe-clie-le', M.

Pedee. pC-ile', M.

Pegasia, i> g'a-«Ta \ -bub, -sQb, C.

Pe^u. p*-^<>o', .'/.

Pei Ho. pa- ..', M.

Pekah, pc'ka. B.

Pekin. pe-kYn', or -king, -king', 31.

Pelagiua, p*-!a'

Pelaiah, p Vt-Vk, B.

Pelaagi. pC-lIa'jK : -gia,-jT-a, C.

Pelatiah, p.Fa-ti'a, Li.
\ Peleg, pe'lfg. H.
■ Peliadea, p€-li'a-d5z, C.
! Peliaa. pJE-11'as, B. ; pe'lT-as, C.
, Pelides, pfr-K'dez, C.

Pelion. " mountain, pe'lT-Bn ; son of
. pt-!T'5n, C.

Pelopidae, pf-lOp'Y-dC ; -daa. -

Peloponneaua, p I'D-pOn-ne'.-

Pelopa, pe'lBps, C

Peloraa. pf-le'raa; -ma, -rus, C.

Peluaium. pt-lfl'ahl-fim, C.

Pemba. pam'ba, .1/.

Pembina, p in'bt-na. M.

Pembroke, pom'bnxjk, M.

Penang, pf-nan^', M.

Penatea, p*-na'tez. C.

Penelope, pf-n l'"-pC, C

Peniel.

Pennaylvania, p'n-^rl-va'nl-a, M.

Penobacot, pf-nOb'eknt, M.

Penrhyn, p n'rm. M.

Penrith, p n'rTtli or pe'rTth, J/.

Penryn. pgn'rTn', .'/•

Penaacola. pn-^a-ko'ia. M.

Pe.ntapolia. p"n-tftp'0-l:s, B. V C

Penuel. pc-nu'i 1, I',.

Penzance, p n-z".
I Peor. pe'fir. B.
; Peoria, p*-o'rl-a. M.

Pepin, king, p'p'n'i or prp'm : F.
I i — pSn': Wisconsin, pS'pt n, M.
' Pepys. .'/.

Perdido. p'r-de'rl*. .1/.

Peregrinua, peVS-grfnua, C.

Pereira, pr-ra'ra : I'-j. p3-ra'f-ra. M.

Peresh. pe'r'sh, B.

Perez, pt'rz, B.

Perga. pr'

Pergama. pfr'za-ma: -i

-mina. -mi

-t|] III : -mu3.
Pergamos. p5r'ga-mB8, /:.
Pergola.
Perklea. i Vi-kie'a : -clidea

<le; s -clitUB. -klT'tu-
Periclea. p:r'l-klcz, C.
Periclytus. p*-rik'lT-tng, C.
P^rigord. pVrf't-'or'. .'/•
P^rigueux

Perizzite. \Hr'\z-?M, B.
Permenaa. p5r'me-nas, B.

1,,-me'na:

■r:.V

PHILIP

Pernambuco. p^r-nam-b(5o'kn, .»/.

Pernau. pt-r'nou, it.

Perpignan, pcr'pfii'v ■•)*.•'. .1/.

Perquimana. pCr-kwfm'ans, il.

Perrauit, pa'ro', M.

Perrot. pa'rf)', M.

Peraaeua. per-t •'

Peraea. pSr-se'a; Peraeis. -U, C.

Persephone, pi

Peraepolia, per-. ; '

Perseua. pfr'tus, /;. ; pCKaMl or

per'sfis, C
Persia, pgr'bhT-a. /;., (
Persia. pC i '
Peraiua, pCKahT-
Pertaubghur, pCr-t h -ju-'. V.
Pern, pc-roo'; Sp. pfl-roo', M.
Perugia, p.i-ruG'ia, .1/.
Peruaia, pC-ru'-!
Peachiera, j» B-kC-i'ra, .»/.
Peshawer. psWhou'i r, .'/.
Peatalozzi. p s-ta- :'.-.r. .1/.
Pesth. pf--- :.M.

Petchora. pct-cho'ra. J7.
Peter. pS'ter, B. v M.
Peteraburg. pe'tC-: /- '-.'r;. M.
Peterwardein. p -i" -\ ar'dln, J/.
Petra, pe'tra, C'. i M.
Petraea. pO-tie'a. I . v M.
Petrarch, pe'triirk; It. Petrarca. pJ-

trar'ka, M.
Petroniua. pf-tro'ni-
Petrozavodsk. pa>tr6-za-v6dak', }[.
Peulthai, pr-ul'tht. B.
Peyton, pa'tun. M
P^zenaa. paz'na, M.
Pfeiffer, E. H'ler : G. pflf'?r, il.
Phaethon, ia'f-tli5n. C.
Phalara, fa-la'ra or ial'a-ra ; also

Phalera, fa-le'ri, C.
Phalaria. ial'a-rTs, C.
Phaleaa. ia-le'«~, /; • fa')."- -
Phalerua, one of the Lapithse. la-le'-

ras; companion ofJoJon, fal'C-rils,

Phantaaia, fan-".

Phantasos. fan'ta

Phanuel, la-nfiM, /;.

Pharamond, far'4-niond or fa'ra'-

Pharao. far'3-rt, C.

Pharaoh, la'rr; or fa'r.^-T), B. Se E.

Phares <>r Pharez. Ja'rez. /.'.

Pharisee. f3r':--

PharnabazuB. far'na-ba'zfls, C

Pharnace. lar-n"'

Pharnacea or -cia, far-na'shT-a: alio

Pharnacia. lar-na-j-!'.;
Pharnaces. far'n*
Pharos, fi '
Pharpar. iar'piir. B.
Pharsalia. far-6a'll-a. C.
Pharus. la'rfls, C.
Phaselis. la-'e'lTs, Li. !
Phebe. iG'bP. B.
Pheneus. a man, f'-ir.'.'i- . Pheneua

or Pheneum. a fob

Pheng-Hob, f.ng-h(^>'.rj Pescadores.

p.— ka-fin'rr*. M.
Phenice. ff-nT'sf. B.
Phenicia. ft-nTsh'T-a. B.
Pherenice. fer'J-nl'sC ; rherenicus.

'<-is, C.
Phidias, ftdt-as
Phidyle. fTd"

Phisralea, ftg'4-l5'4o- n--a'10-A. C.
Phigalei.
Philadelphia.

.Wl I'n-.i. if
Philadelphua. fTl'd-drl':
Philas. i

Phiialethes, f . '
rhilemon. ft-4?'m8n, fi
PhileUs te. t* ■

-tor. -tOr : -tua
Philidor. f:l'.- I
Philip, li 1'ip, B

fgrn, recent. 6rb, fide, full, Qrn, food, i<Sbt. out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin, bos.
£, Biblical \ C, Classical i E, Egyptian ; //, Hindoo ; -V, Modern i N, Norte. [See page 497.;

PHILIPPI

__tppi, fY-lYpT, B. fr C.
hilippians, fl-Up'T-onz, B.

ghn

Phil

Phil
Phil

„ ine, fYl'Yp-Yn, 31.
hilistine, fY-lYs'tYn, B.

hilippi:
hilistir

Phiio, fi'io, c.

Philoclea, fil'6-klSz, C.
Philocratea, fY-lBk'ra-tez, C.
Philoctetes, iYl'Ok-te'tez, C.
Philodamu8, fYl'O-da'mfis ; Philode-

mus, i'll'D-de'inus, C.
Philodice, i'Y-lSd'f-st, C.
Philogenea, fY-lOi'f-nez, C.
Philolaus, fYl'fi-la'fis, C.
Philologua, fT-151'o-gus, H. v C.
Philomache, fY-lSm'a-ke ; Philoma-

chus. ti-18m'a-kfis, ('.
Philomela, flYO-me'lk \ -1U8. -Iris, C.
Philometor, fll-O-me'tdr^r t5r, Li. fr

V.
Philopoemen, fTKft-pe'mPn, C.
Philostratus, lY-lBs'tra-tos, C.
Philotheus, iY-lo'thS-os, V.
PhUotimus, fYl'ft-fi'm&s, C.
Phineaa, iin'6-as ; Phinehas, -e"-h«8,

Phineus, f Yn'f-fis or li'nils, C.

Phlegethon, fl g'C-thOn, V.

Phlegon, fle'KOn, B. if C.

Phocaea, i<",-<e'a, C.

Phocais, i«k'it-Ys. C.

Phoceae, fo's5-$, C.

Phoceus, fo'sf-Qs or fo'sus, C.

Phocion. fo'shY-fin, C.

Phocis, i'o'sYs ; Phocus, fo'kus, C.

Phoebe, le'b£, C.

Phoebus, fe'btts, C.

Phoenlce, ff-nl/sP, or Phoenicia, ft-

msh/f-a, C.
Phoenicu3, ft-m'kils, C.
Phoenix, le'mks, C. If 31.
Phormio, for'mi-S, C.
Phosphorus, fCs'fo-riis, C.
Photfus, Jo'shY-fis, C.
Phraates, fra-a'tez, C.
Phrah, tra, E.

Phrasidotus, fra-sYd'Mtis, C.
Phrasimede, f rfis'Y-me'dP, C.
Phrygia, i'rij'Y-a. B. S,- C.
Phryne, frKne- ; Phryno, frl/nts, C.
Phthia, thT'a, C.
Phygela, fYj'P-la, C.
Phylacus, fA'a-kris, C.
Phylomachus, fY-lfim'a-kns, C.
Piacenza, pf-a-cb n'za, M.
Piave, pf-ii'vit, 31.
Piazzi. pS-afsg , 31.
Picardy, pik'ar-df, 31.
Piccolomini. pYk-ko-lQm'C-ne, M.
Piceni, pt-se'nT, C.
Picentia, pY-sSn'shY-a, C.
Picentini, pYs^n-tl'iii, C-
Picenum. pt-se'niim, C.
Pichegru, pesb'grn, 31.
Pictou, plk-toV, M.
Piedmont, ped'niHnt. it.
Piera, pl't-ia ; Pieres. pi't-rez, C.
Pierce, pers or pgrs, M.
Pieria, pt-e'rY-a or \)Vt-\Va,or Pie-

rea. pY't-re'a, ('.
Pieridea. pt-i'r'i-dez. C.
Pieria, pI'f-rYs : Pierua, pT'C-rQs, C.
Pierre, pf'ar', 31.
Pilate. pi'Wt, B.

Pilatua. pt-la't'is, C. : pf-lii'toos, 31.
Pilcomayo, pYl-kO-ml'O, 31.
Pileser, pt-le'zSr, B.
Pillau, pYllou, M.
PindaruB, pYii'da-rns. C.
Piozzi, pS-oVsC or pf-tt/.'zY. 3t.
Piraeeus, pt-rS'fr-tis or pt-rS'Os, C.
Piraeua. pt-re'us, C.
Pisa, p'^sii, C; pS'zA. .V.
Piscataquis, pis-kiit'a-kwis, 31.
Pi3gah. piz'ca, /;.
Piaias, i)Ts)ir, i
Piaidia. pT-aYd'T-a, B !
Plaiatratua, pT^Ts'trft-ttls, C.
Piatoja, pfs-tO'ya, 31.

522

Pitea. ptfe-6, 31.

Pithagoras, pY-thag''6-ra8, C.

Pithon. in'thSn, B. if C.

Pi Ute, pT yQt, 31.

Pizarro. p^-zar'rO: Sp. pt-thar'rfi, 31.

Placentia. pla-srn's-hY-a, C. v 31.

Plantagenet, plan-taj'P-m t, .1/.

Plaquemine, plak'nien', 31.

Pla8encia, pla-sen'thC-a, 31.

Plassey, plas'Y, M.

Plataea, plii-te'a ; Plataese, pli-te'S,

Platea, pla-tera or pla'te-a, C.

Plato, pla'tr,, <".

Platof or Platow, pla'tBf, 31.

Platte, plat. 31.

Plautina, phi'shY-iis, C.

Plautus, pla'tus, C.

Pleiades, ple'ya-dez, B. If C, also

pte-I'a-diz, V.
Pleione, plt-i'o-nf, C.
Pleisse, pli'se, 31.
Plemmyrium, plem-mTr'If-fim, C.
Plevna, pi v'na, 31.
Pleyel, pll'« 1, or Pleyl, pill, 31.
Plocko, PlotBk, plBtsk, M.
Plombieres, ]>lr,N/br-ar,) 31.
Plutarchus, plu-tar'kus, C.
Pluto, plO'tO, C.
Plutua, plu'tfts, V.
Pluvius, plu'vY-fis, C.
Plymouth, plfm'fith, 31.
Pnebebis, n b't-bYs, C.
Pnigeu3, in j't-fis or nT'jfjs, C.
Pocahontas. p/S-ka-hSn/taB, 31.
Pochereth, pBk't-ri" th, /!■
Podalea, pOd'a-le'd. oi Podalia, p5d'-

a-IT'a or pr-da'll-a, C
Podolia, pf-do'li-a, or Podolak, pu-

dolsk', M.
Poeni. lie'ni, C.
Poenicua, n-n"Y-kKS, C.
Poeon, pe'Cn ; Poeua, pe'ua, C.
Poeonia, pr-S'nl-d, C.
Pogge, pog'^, 31.
Poitiers, p.wa'tf-5 '. 31.
Poitou, pwa/td6', 31.
Poland, po'lmid ; roluh Polaka,

poKska, 31.
Polignac. pSIfirVSk', M.
Politea, pM'f-te'a. C.
Polotzk, pfi-lfitsk', 31.
Poltava or Pultowa. pBl-ta'va, M.
Polyarchus, pol'i-ar'ki's, C
Polyaretus, po'lT-a-re'tns, C.
Polybiu3, pn-lYb'Y-ris, C.
Polychares, pfi-lYk'a-rez, C.
Polycrates, pu-lYk'ra-tez, C
Polydamas, pfi-ltd'A-mas, C.
Polydamna, pttKY-dain'iia. C.
Polydora, pOKY-do'ra : Polydorns,

Polyhymnia. pm'Y-hYm'nY-a, or Po-
lymnia. po-lYm'nT-a, C

Polymachus, pfi-IYm'ft-kDs, C.

Polymede, pCFl-nie'dC ; -des, -d5z,
<:

Polymedon, pft-lYm'f-d8n, C.

Polynesia, pol-Y-nS'BhT-a, 31.

Polyphemus, pDl'T-fe'ml s,C*.

Polysthenea, p6-lYBrtht-n€z, C.

Polyatratua, pfl-lYs'tr.t-ttiB, C.

Pomerania, pSin-t-rS'nY-a ; G. Pom-
mem, pSm'mBm, 31.

Pomona, pC-mO'na, (".

Pompadour, pBnVpa-dflor', tf.

Pompeia^ pom-pe'ya ; Pompeius,
pSm-pe'ytiB, <'.

Pompeiar.us, p5m/p&-y5'nM«, ('.

Pompeii. pDm-pS'yl, C; pOni-pa'yf,

Pompey, pBm'pY, M.

Pompilia, pDm-pYll-A; Pompilius,

Ponape, pfi'na-pS', W.
PoncodoLeon, pOn'thlda lt-B-i". M.
Pondicherry, pon-dY-shfir'Y ) /'. Pon-
diclury, poM/dfi/ihft/r5', 31.

PROTEUS

PoniatowBki. p6-nf-a-t5v'ske, M.
Ponta Delgada, ron'ta dei-gii'da. M.
Pontchar train. pOnt-char-trau', M.
Pontefract, pOm'tr^t, 31.
Pontiac, p5n'tY-ak, 31.
Pontius, ])5n/'slu-u8, C. ; Pontius

Pilate, pOn'sliY-hs pi'lat, B.
Pontua, pOu'tQs, B.
Poonah or Puna, poo'na, 31.
Popacabac, po'pn-ka'bak, 31.
Poplicola, pOp-lik'n-la, C.
Popocatapetl, pC-po'kal-ii-pa'tl, 31.
Populonia, pOiyfl-io'nY-a, V.
Porcius. i oi'shY-ris, B. fr V.
Porphyres. pdr'fY-rez, C.
Porphyrogennetua, pSr-iYr'C-jrn-ne'-

tus, C.
Porsenna, rdr-sfii'iia, or Porsena.

p6r'sC-na, C.
Portalis. i or-tii-les', 31.
Port au Princejioi t' o' prfixs', M.
Port Mahon, | o;t nia-bon', 21.
Porto Rico, por'tfl re'kC i Sp. Puerto

Rico. pwer'tO re'kO, M.
Port Said. p8rt 6a-ed', 31.
Portsmouth, ports'nir.th, 31.
Portugal, por'tO-gul ; l'g. por-t<55-

giil^, 31.
Posen, po'zen ; Polish Poznan, p6z/-

nan, 31.
Posidea. pfi-KYcKt-a: -eon,-t-5n, C
Poaideum. pSs'Y-de'fun, C.
Posidon. bo-sl'don, C.
Posthumius, ptts-thu'inY-fis, C.
Po3thumua. pos'thu-mtis, C.
Poatlethwayt, pOs'sl-thwat, 31.
Po8tumius, poe-tn'mY-fiB. C.
Potamon, pOt'a-mfin ; -mU8. nifis, C
Potemkin, pr-t^m'kYn ; Jiuss. pCt-

voiu'kYn, 31.
Potenza, i>u-t n'za, 31.
Potiphar, pot'l-iiir, B.
Potipherah, pC-tYfB-ra. B.
Potomac, po-td'mak, Jr.
Potoai, pr-to'sY ; Sp. pfi-Wi-*!', 31.
Pottawatomie. pBt-ta-wBfe-mY, 31.
Poughkeepsie. pC-kYp'sY, 31.
Poultney. rolt'nf-. M.
Pouasin. pcjo's-aN', }f.
Powhatan, pou'lia-tan', 31.
Pozzo, pot'so, 31.
Pozzuoli, pfit-soo-o'lf, 31.
Praed. piad, 31.
Praeneate, pif-nrs'tf, C.
Praga, ijrii'ga, M.
Pradt, prat, 31.

Prague, prBg i O. Prag. pra;r. 31.
Prairie du Chien, pra'rt doofchen,;

31.
Praxiteles, praks-Yt't-lez, C.
Preble. pr6b'l,i/.
Preasburg, prrs'b6T)rg, 31.
Prevesa, pra'vfr-sa, -'/.
Prevost, prC-vo', or Provost, pr2'-

vo', M.
Priamus, prT^-milP, C.
Priapus, pit-a'p s, C.
Pribylov, prt-b -Wv', Dt.
Trideaux. prYd'6 or pr d'flks, 3J.
Fric3s:.itz, prSa'nYts, 31.
Trizccton, prYns'tHn, M.
Priscilla, prYs-atKla, 11. V C.
Prochorua. prOk'tt-rDs, /;. fr C.
Prochyta, prok'l-ta. r.
Procopius, pn -ko'j .-(.s, C.
Procri8, prO'krYs, ('.
Procrustes, prC-krr.s'tez, C.
Procyoi, pro'shl-Bn. ('.
Prometheus, prC-me'tht-fis or pr8-

me'thus, C.
Promethia. pr5ni/fI-thT'a. C.
Propertius. prO-pCr'shY-ns, C.
Proponti3, prft-pon'tYs, C.
Propylaea, prop'Y le'a. C
Proserpina, prft-eCr'p^-na, C.
Protagoras, prfi-tag't -ran, C.
Proteaa, prB'tfr«B, (
Proteus, prri'tf-iig or prfi'tOs, C.

ft, 6, 1, 0, Q, long ; ii, ix, Y, 0, fl, y, short ; sen He, ( vent, Idea, i bey, finite, enrp. arm. Ask, fill. flndL
£, ii j bUcal | C, Classical , E, Egyptian , U, iiindoo ; M, Modern i xV, Norse. [See page 4U7.J

PROTOGEXES

Protogenes. prA-tr.i'P-ne'z, C.
Proudhon, pror/dON', M.
Provence, prCvoNs', M.
Prudentius. pr '-d n'slu-iis, C.
Prud'hon, pvu'dox', M.
Prussia, prush/a or prushT-A, -V-
Pruth, prooth : (•'. prdor, 31.
Przemysl. pzh.'in'isl, .1/.
Psalmanazar. B&l-ma-nS'z&r, 31.
Pseudolus. su'iln-his, V.
Pskov, pskBv, If.
Psyche, Bl'kf, V.

Ptelea. te'lf-a ; Pteleon. terl?-«n, C
Pteria, te'il-a i Pterion. tS'rMJn, C.
Ptolemaeum, tol C-me'ttm, n/«) -mae-
urn, -in C-e'Om ; -maeus, -me'as, V,
Ptolemais, USl't-ma'Ts, /!. .y C,
Ptolemeus, tM'C-ine'iis 8.
Pt0U3. to'fis. C.

Publicia, pttb-lTshT-4 s -ins. -t-tis, C.
Publicola, pBb-lTk'6-la, C.
Putlius, pab'lT-as, B. t( C.
Pudica, pft-dl'ka, C.
Puetla, pw< b'la, M.
Pueblo, pweb'16, M.
Puffendorf, p«f fn-d«rf ; O. Pufen-

dorf, pflo'fn-dfjrf, M.
Paget. pQ'j t or pu'zbjr' 31.
Pughe. pa, .'/.
Pulaski, pil-las'kl ; Poluh pfo-lSs'-

k*. M.
Pulci. pdol'che, M.
Pullayn. pdol'lTn, M.
Pulteney, p.Mt'nT, M.
Fuv.jab. pfm-iah', 31.
Puteoli. pn-te'6-ll, B. Sr C.
Puy de Dome, p\u''(l(-iloin', 3f.
Pygroaei, pig-nie'i ; Pygmaeon, -Cn,

C
>ygn..<lion. pTpr-nia'lT-Sn, C.
P"lades pTl'a-dez, C.
Pylae. pile", C.
Pylogenes, pt-lOj'f-nez, C.
Pylora, pt-lo'rii, V.
Pyiamus. pTr'a-m is : -SU3. -sns, C.
Pyrenaei pli-f-ne'I ; -us, -as, V.
Pyreiie. pt-rS'ne", G
Pyrenees, plr'f-nez. M.
Pyretus, a centaur, pl-r<j'tfis; driver,

pi • :
Pyrmont. • tr'mBnt, 31.
Pyrrheum, plr-ie'uin, C
Pythagoras. pY-thag'o-rae, C.
Pytheas, lth/f-as. C
Pytheus, pYtb/e»tta or pi'thfis, C
Pythia, pnh/T-a ; -ias. -1-<is ; -ion,

-Y-»n ; -ium, -T-Om ; -iua, -I-as, C.
Pytho. pT'thO, C.
Pythogene3. pt-tho'i',e'-nez, C.
Python. pt'thBn, C.
Pythostratus, pt-thOs'tra-ttis, C.

Q.

Quaglio. kval'yrt. If.
Quang-See. kwiin- -C. M.
Quartus. kwar'tus, B- V C.
Quatre Bras, kdtKbra', 31.
Quebec. kwP-b8k', 31.
Quedlinburg. kw d'Hn-brjorg, 31.
Queretaro. kl-ra'ta-rO, if.
Que3nay, kit'tia'. If.
Quesnef. ka'n 1'. M.
Quevedo. kl-vS'do", M.
Quiberon. kt'br-r.N ', .1/.
Quimper. kBN'par'. M.
Quinctilia. kwink-t 1'T-a, C.
Quinctius. kwitjk'shT-nB, ('.
Quincy. kuin'.-T or kwin'zY, M.
Quinebaug. kwYn-?-b«g', 31.
Quinet. ke'iia', M.
Quintilia. kwin-t IT-ai -iua, -T-Hs, C.
QuintiJis. kwln-tt'lla, C.
Quintilia, kwin-tTl'la ; -lui, -lQs, C.
Quintius. kwtn'shl-iis, C.
Quintus, kwiu'tus, B.

523

Quirinus, kwY-rT'nris, C.
Quirites. kwt-rl'tBz, C.
Quito. kS'til, 31.
Quizama, kf-zji'ma, .)/.
Qukuru, k5o-koo'roo, M.

Ra. rn. E.

Raab. rab, IT

Raamah. la'a-ma, /?.

Raamses, rfl-am'sez, P,.

Rabbah. rab'bd : -bath. -hmh. Ti.

Rabelais, pi'be-lt' or rab'lii', M.

Rachab. rfi'kttb, />.

Rachal. ra'k&l. /»'.

Rachel, ra'ch 1, n. ; F.t ra'shrl', 3f.

Racine, ra'eSn', .V.
] Radnor, rad'nSr, If.

RaiTaelle, rai-iiUKLI, = Raphael,
i .'/.
I Ragusa. rix-soo'ea, M.

Rahab. ra'hab, /,'.

Raipoor, rt/pfi5r>. M.
I Rajpoot. iaj-pc Kit '.31.
I Rajpootana. i a i-poo-tii'na, .V.
' Raleigh, r .'IT, M.

Rama. Ramah, ra'mau B.

Ramayana ra-ma-ya'na, H.

Rambouillet, rBN'boVyB', 31.
I Rameses, ra-me'sez, B.
! Ramgunga. ram-gflng'4, 31.
] Ramillies, ia/inr/yo/', it.

Ramiro ra-me'rft, 31.

Ramises, ra-inT'sez, C.

Ramoth. ra'niCth, B.
I Ramsay, ram^zt, .V.
! Rangoon, raQ-goon', 31.

Rauno. riin'iin, /■'.

Raphael, va'il- I or rS'151, B. ; ra'-
U- 1 or i-af'Ml, ■•/.

Rapidan. rftp-Td-Sn', M.

Rapides, liiji-ed', M.

Rapin. rap' in or rS/paN', If

Rappahannock, rap-a-lian'uk, .V.

Raritan, ra ',t-un, .V.

Ratisbon, rafls-bMi ; G. RegenB-
burg. rS'e ns-M&rg/, M.

Ravaillac, lii'vii'vak', .1/.

Ravenna, '.'i-v n'na, C. ^v M.

Reading, riKtii-, if.

R.'aumur, rViVnuir' or ro'mPr, .1/.

Rebecca or Rebekah, rC-b:k'ka, B.

Rechab. rS'kab. B.

Regaf. riTgaf, M.

Regen8burg=HATisBOS-, if.

Reggio. ial'r.. .)/.

Regflla. rf.jTl'14 ; Regillus. -lils, C.

Regin. r5'g n, .V

Regina. rt-ji'na : Reginus, -nfls. C.

Regnard. riit'yar', M-

Regnault, lnn'vo', .1/.

Regulus. >• s'ri-iris. C.

Rehoboara. rS'hft-NS'am, B.

Rehoboth. rMiS'Wth. ft. v .)[.

Reichardt, rt'kart, if.

Reikiavik. rT'ki-a-vik. M.

Reims or Rheims, icni/. i F. r!lN/, .V.

Reimthursen. rfm'thuM* a, y.

Reinecke. rT'nrk-k< , V.

Reinhard. rtn'hart, .>/.

Remaliah. r. nia-ll'ii. B.

Rembrandt, riin'brant ; I'

brftnt, M.
Remus. rt'mHi, C
R musat, ri'moVal', J/-
Renaix. ne-na'. M.
Renan, re-nOw', M,
Renfrew, rrii'fru, M.
Rensselaer. rPn'ae-lBr, If.
Rephaim. rffl-lni s -inn, -Traz, B.
Rephidim. r f'l-dlm, li.
Rerir. rt'rtr, If.
Resaca, rn-a'kii, .1/.
Retina. r*-tT'iui, C
Reuben, ni'bin, B.

roit.aix

Reuel. rf-fl' 1 nr ru'cl, B.

Reus, i a'

Reuss. vi>. .)/.

Reutlingen. mit'lTng-rn, if.

Revel, r v'. I. M.

Revilla. r1-v51'va, 31.

Rey. S. .)/.

Reynaud. r.l'nfi'. If.

Reynolds. rOn'fil/. If.

Rezin, re'zln ; Rezon, ro'zttn, B.

Rhadamanthus. rad a-nian'tliOs, C.

Rhadamas, rad'a-mos,

Rhaesena

Rhaeti o;- Raeti. iv'tt, C.

Rhaetia. rc'-h

Rhea, rS'a, C; ia. )f.

Rhegium. re'jT-ftm, /;

Rheims = Ki ;i\is, .)/.

Rheinthal. rTn'tal. V.

Rhine. <i. Rhein, D Rhyn. r!n, M.

Rhio. ic'o. .1/.

Rhoda. ro'da. /?.

Rhodanus. rftd'a-nns, C.

Rhode, ro'&t, C '.

Rhodes. rJJdx, /;. v 31.

Rhodii. r8'dT-I, C.

Rhodope. i'iIT n,*, C.

Rhodopia. r -ilo'n >. C.

Rhodus. •

Rhceteum. rr-to'iun, ('.

Rhone, ion. .1/.

Rhytium, rtshT-Qm. C.

Riazan. ir-ii-ziin". .1/.

Riba-Riba. rS'ba-rS'ba, .V.

Ribera. re-ba'ra, M.

Ricardo. rf-kiu'dr., .1/.

Ricasoli. rt-ka'/.r-lf, .1/.

Riccioli. rCt-cho'lr, .1/.

Richelieu, rfshe-loV or rfsli'l^e'.

Richter, rYk'tfr. .)/.
Rideau. rfdf)'. .1/.
Rienzi. rt- n'/.t1 oi Rienzo, -x<J, .V.
Riga, rt'ga or ri'ga, .)/.
, Rigi. rg'pP. if.
Rikwa. iv'kwii, M.
Rimini, le'mr-nr, .1/.
Rimmon, rlm'mOn, B.
Rio Eranco, re'o brin'W, If.
Rio Grande, rCdgrin'dft, M.
: Rio de Janeiro, if > da iha-i
! 31.

Ripon. r^p'fin. M.
Rivoli. rt'vft-W, M.
Rizpah. rT7'|..i. /;.
Rizzio, r?t'>r-n or rlt'sf-o, If.
Rcanoke. rCa-nOk', If.
Robespierre. rS'bes-pSr' or rOb'Cs/-

'. M.
Rochefoii .

Rochefoucauld. lfisli'fDo'kO', 31.
Rochelle. tCsh 1'. 31.
Rochester, rBch'eMBr, If.
Rodez. rfs'dl', If.
Roer or Ruhr. n«or. If.
Roermond, n>or-iii6nt'. V.
Ro^et. ro'zlil or r«", /l.a'. If.
Rohan. v''?>\'. '/.
Rollin, rol'Ua i F. rfil Hm', M.
Roma. rO'ma, C. V i>< ft. .'/•
Romagna. rO-min'ya, .'/•
Romani. rfl-ml'nl i -nus. -hi-
Romanov. n"-nia-n^\ •'. M.
Romanzov, rfMnin'xBv, M-
Rome. rOm, /.'. V .1/.
Romilly. rtrntl-l i F. r.'.'mfl
Romula. rfSm'ri-la : Romulu*.-.
Roostchook. rrtbs-chook' .•/.
Roscius. ro-'>li '
RosetU. rr., t'A. .'/.
Rossini. rB«-«8'nr, .'/.
Rotherham. rBth'Pr-tim, V.
Rotherhithe. rorii'P> -Indi, M.
Rothesay rBth'it, .1/
Rothschild. rfls'chTld ; G. rOt'shTlt,

Rotterdam. rnr'PMlam', 31.
Roubaix. nlo'ba'. .1/.

fprn, recent. Srb. rude, full, urn. iood, foot, out, oil, ch:nr. go, bin;;, ink, then, thin, bov.
B, Biblical i C, Classical j £, Egyptian i U, iliudoo : 31, Modern i A', Norse. lS«c page 497.]

ROUEN

Rouen, roVo"*', M.
Roumania, rdo-ma'nY-4, 31.

Roumelia, roo-inS'l -a. 31.

Rousseau, roT/so"', M.

Roussillon, roc/seT- or-t&ytv', 31-

Routledge, rut'lTj, of.

Roveredo, rtf-vft-ri'dO. .)/.

Rovigno, ro-ven'yfi, 31.

Rovigo, ro-ve'go, 31.

Rowan, rG-aiir, 31.

Roxburgh, rOks'biir-re, .)/.

Roxbury, rBks'bSr-t, 31.

Ruanda^ roo-an 'da, M.

Rubi, roo'bY, 31.

Rubicon. ru'liT-kSn, C.

Ruckert, ruk'kSrt, 31.

Riidiger. nj'dYg-Sr, 31.

Rudolstadt, roo'ilfl-stiit, 31.

Ruffini, looi-IC'iiC', 31.

Ruffinus, rul'-il'iius, C.

Rufus, rw/ius, ];., c, 5r If.

Rugby, rBg'bY, 31.

Ragen, ru/gen, 31.

Ruhr, l oor, 31.

Runnymede, rQn'Y-mPri, 31.

Runpoor, niii-poor', 31.

Russia, rusli'a, 31.

Rujtam, roos'tum, 31.

Ruth, rfi&th, B.

Rutherglen, rutb/er-glCn or rug'len,

Ruvu. rod'voo, 31.
Ruwenga, roo-w< n'gn1 M.
Ruwer.zori, nTiVwen-zo'rT, 31.
Ruysch or Ruisch, roisk. 31.
Ruysdael or Ruisdael, rois'dal, 31.
Ryswick, rfz'wik ; D. rls'vlk, 31.
Rzhev. rzhev, 31.

s.

Saadani, s:7a-dii'nY, 31.

Saadi = SADi, M.

Saale, sa'K of.

Saar. sar ; F. Sarre, siir, 31.

Saarbrack, Bar'bruk, 31.

Saavedra, sii-v d'ra, M.

Saba, sil'ba, C ; sa'bft, .1/.

Sabaki. su-bii'kY, 31.

Sabaoth, Bab'ft-Cth or sa-ba'Sth, B.

Sabatus. Bttb'a-I

Sabbeus, sab-beTis, 11.

SabeanB, Ba-be'anz, /'..

Sabina. si-lu'ni : Sabiruu. -nn~-, C.

Sabine, sa-ben', uho »ab'in, 31.

Sac. s k, if.

Sacheverell, Ba-chSv'e'r-el, M.

Sachsen. sak' Ben, = Saxony, .'/.

Sachsenheim. sak'sen-him, .1/.

Saco, Bi'kn, At.

Sacramento, sak-ra-mPn'tfi, 31.

Sacv. sa'sS', 31.

SaddeU8, Bttd-de'as, B.

Sadducees, sad'dil-sez, B.

Sado, Ba'dfi, 31.

Sadowa, sii-do'va. .1/.

Saga, ea'ga, KT.

Saginaw. s8e'T-n&, 31.

Saguenay, Bag/e-na,l 31.

Saguntum, sa-trfin'tfim, C.

Sahara, sA-lia'ra. 31.

Saigon, st-pon', 31.

Saint Augustine, sant n/gfls-ten',

M.
Saint Bernard, BSnt bPr'nard, 31.
Saint Clair, -ant kliir', 31.
Saint Cloud, sant kloud ; F. sax'-

kloo', 31.
8aint Cyr. sttN' ser', 31.
Saint Denis, s&n' dne'', 31.
Saintes. cftNt, ,'/•
Saint Etienne. saxt' ft'tf-rn', .1/.
Saint Gall, rtN' g&l', .1/.
Saint Germain, sax' zhPr'msJM', 31.
Saint Gothard, b&n' gfi'tar', .'/•
Saint Helena. « nt he-15'ira, 31.

524

Saint John, sant' j3n'; Eng., sYn'-

jrn. 31.
Saint Just, s&n' zhoost', 3f.
Saint Leger, sJlTin-jOr, 31.
Saint Louis, sant loo'ls or sant loo'Y,

Saintonge, BttN'tfiHzh', 31.

Saint Petersburg, sant pe'tSrz-berg,

Saint Pierre, sax' pt-ar', 31.

Saint Simon, sax' s^'mON', J/.

Sais, sa'is, C.

Saiva, sT'va, H.

Sakhalien, sak-hal'Y-Pn, 31.

Sala, sa'lri, /^. &■ C. ; sa'la, i/.

Saladin, sal'a-dYn, 31.

Salado, sa-la/'dO, iV.

Salamanca, s51-a-man'ka, J/.

Salamis. sisKa-ni s. B., C, ^ J/.

Salathiel, sa-la'thf-Cl, H.

Saldanha. .sal-dun''yii, 31.

Salem, sa'lem, H. & 31.

Salerno, sii-lcr'nu, 31.

Salernum, su-lor'num, C.

Sales, sa'k's, 31.

Salina, sa-le'na, 31.

Salinae, sa-lT'nt, C.

Saline, sa-len', 31.

Salisbury, Bglz'Wr-t, 31.

Sallustius, sal-lus'tT-fis, C.

Salm, sahn, 31.

Salmacis, saKma-sYe, C.

Salmanasar. »al'man-a/'ear, B.

Salmon, sai'infin, li.

Salmone, sai-ino'nt, B. $c C.

Salom, sa'lSm, B.

Salome, su-16'm', /?. V C.

Salomon, Bftl'0-mDn, C.

Salona, B&-l5rn&, ('. ; sa-15'nft, 31.

Salonica, Ba-lO-ne'ka, .'/.

Salop, sal'rtp, = Shbopshibb, 31.

Baltfllo, eal-tgl'yO, 31.

Saltzburg, salts'bferg, It.

Saluzzo, sa-loot'sA. 31.

Salvador, Bal-va-d5r', 31.

Samael, sani'rr-Cl, B.

SamaiaB, sa-ina'.w's B.

Samana. sii'niii'na'', 31.

Samarcand, siim'sii-kand', 31.

Samaria, sa-nrn'ri-a, 11. ; sam'A-rt'4,

Samarita. Bam'a-rt'tA, C.
Samaritan, Ba-mttKY-ton, B.
Sambre. rtjN'br, 31.
Same, su'inf. C.
Samnium. sam'nY-iiin, C.
Samoa, sa-mo'd. if.
Samoieds. sJi u i'< >i- dz', at.
Samoa. sa'mOs, /,'., C., Sc 31.
Samothrace, samT-thrS'st, C.
Samothracia. sarn'O-thra'shl-Ai B. 8,-

<:
Samothraki. sii'mo-ttira'kC, 31.
Samson, s&m'sfm, B.
Samuel, sfttn'H-51, B.
Sana, sa'nii, 31.

San Antoriio. siin an-to'iiY-rt, 31.
San Augustine, siin I'tcns-ten', 31.
SanbaUat, san-bal'lat. B.
San Bias, -an bliis', .1/.
Sanches, san'chi th, .)/.
Sand, sand or ,-ov. .1/.
Sanda, san'dii, -1/.
San Diego, siin dr-a'tr*. M.
Sandusky, san-dns'kT, .1/.
Sandwich, s&nd'wYch, '/•
Sandys, san'dls or pftndz, .)/.
San Felipe, siin iit-lo'p*, .1/.
San Fernando, siin fPr-nan'dO, 31.
San Francisco, sHn frttn-sYs'W, 31.
Sanga, Biin'gA, M. .

Sangamon, sanr^i\-m5n, 31.
Sangha, sao'gft, M.
San Joaquin, san hfi-a-kCn', 31.
San Jos°, siin hn-^ii', 31.
San Juan, siin h<W-an', .'/.
Sankuliu, Ban-kflBKlfl6, W.
Sankuru, Bun-koo'rdo, .)/.

SCALIGER

San LuIb, san loo-es', M.
San Marino, san ina-r5'h6, 3f.
Sanmicheli. san-nif-ka''lP, 31.
San Patricio, san )>a-t.es't-5, 31.
San Salvador, san sal-vu-dor', If.
Santa Barbara, sim'ta bar/ba-r4, .)/.
Santa Cruz, s&n'ta kroos.o?- St. Croix,

s. nt kroi'', 31.
Santa F^, siin'ta fa', 31.
Santander, san-tan-dar'', M.
Santarem. Ban-ta-rtw', M.
Santee, san-te', 31.
Santiago, siin-tt-a,g", 31.
Santorini. san-tcWe'iif, M.
Santos, san'tus, 31.
Saone, son, 31.
Saphir, sat'Yr, B.
Sapphira, s&f-il'ra, B.
Sappho, Bttf'fO, C.
Sara, sa'ia, B.
Sarabat. s;i-rn-biit/\ 31.
Saracene, sar'a-se'iit; Saraceni, sar'-

i-se'iiT, C.
Saragossa, sar-a-gns'a : Sp. Zara-

goza, thii-ra-go'tliii, 31.
Sarah, sa'ia, B.
Sarai, sa'rit, B.
Saranac, sar'a-nSk, 31.
Saraph, sa'raf, B.
Sarapis. sa-ra'pYs, C.
Sarasvati. siir-as-viiff, H.
Saratoga, sar-o-tS'ga, 31.
Saratov, sa-rii-tOt', 31.
Sarawan, Bar-a-iran', 31.
Sardanapalus._siif'dan-a-pa''lris. C.
Sardene, Bir-dS'nCw sar'dt-nS, C.
Sardeon, sar'df-On, C.
Sardinia, sar-din'I-a. C. & 31.; It.

Sardegna, Bar-din'ya, 31.
Sardis, sai-'dTs, B. _
Sardones, siir'dij-iiez, C.
Sardonicua, siir-dCn'Y-k«s, C.
Sardonyx, sar'du-nYks or 6ar-do/'-

mks. C.
Sarepta. sa-rFp'ta, B.
Sargasio, siir-gBs'o, 31.
Sarmatia. siir-nia'shY-d, C.
Sarmiento. sar-mC-tn'to, 31.
Saron, sa'r5n, B. & C
Sarthe, siirt. 31.

Saskatchewan, sgs-kScb/t-wan', M.
Sassari, ssis'ta-rf, 31.
Satan, sa't«n, B.
Satanas, sat'a-nas, C.
Sati, siit'f, H.
Saturnius, sa-teY'nY-os, C
Saturnus. Ba-tSrrnQs, C.
Satyri, sat'l-ri ; Satyrus, -rQs, C.
Saul, s.l, B.
Sault Sainte Marie, soo sent tna'rY,

31.
Sauterne or Sauternes, s'/tarn', 31.
Savannah, sa-vau'na, 31.
Savary. sa'va're', 31.
Save, siiv ; (;. Sau. sou. 31.
Savigliano, Ba-vCl-ya'n9, .'/.
Savignano. sii-vPn-vii'iift, .'/.
Savile or Saville, sttv'Yl, 31.
Savona. sii-vn'nii, C.
Savonarola, sii-vr.-nii-ro'lii. .1/.
Savoy, BA-voi'i /•'. Savoie, su'vwi',

31.
Saxe-Altenburg, sakp al'teii-bPrg :

(r. Sachsen - Altenburg, ziik's^n-

lKten-bdbrg/- M.
Saxe-Coburg. saks-kfi'Mrg: <?. Sach-

sen-Coburg. Eak'en-kO'Ddfirg, 31.
Saxe - Meiningen. saks-ini'nYng-<>n ;

0 Sachsen-Meiningen, z&kysen-

ml'nYng-en, M.
Saxe - Weimar, saks-wT'miir ; G.

Sachsen-W.. zak's-n-vi'miir, 3t.
SaxoneB, saks'ii-nez. C.
Saxony. sak'sti-nY, 31.
Scaea, se'A. C
Scaeva, se'vi, C.
Scavola, sr-Vfi-lA, C.
Scaliger. skai'1-jPr. 31.

5, e, Y, rt, n. long ; a, P, Y, 0, II, y, short : senilte, Cvent, tdea, nhey, finite, care, arm, dsk, nil, f\r>a\.
Jit Biblical ; C, Classical • E, Egyptian ; //, Hindoo ; 31, Modern s N, Norse. [See page 4'JT.]

SCAMANDER

Beamander. ska.-man,d5r. C.
Scandinavia, skau'dT-na'vT-a, C ft

if.
Scarron, ska'rfsir', M.
Sceva. se'va, /;.
Schaffnausen, shaf-hou'zen, if.
Schaumburg - Lippe, shouin'bdorg-

Scheldt.Vk'lt \ D. Schelde. skeVde i

/•'. Escaut. rs'ko', U.
Schelling. shelling, if.
Schemnitz, eh m'mts ; Hung. Sel-

meczBanya. sh" 1-mits' biin'yS, il.
Schenck. Bk nk, if.
Schenectady, skt-iuk'ta-dY, it.
Scherz sherts, it.
Schiedam, 6k?-dam', it.
Schiller, shil'ler. if.
Schle?el. Bhla'gel. if.
Schleiermacher, shlr'?r-mak'5r. it.
Schleswig. shl s'wig. M.
Schmidt. bhmtt, .1/
Schneider. shnl'dCr, if-
Schnorr BhnSr, if
Schoharie. skr.-ha: ■T-Jf
Scholl or Schoell. shC!, M.
Schomberg, shOin'i.Srg ; G. shuni'-

b rg, J/
Schon or Schoen, shfn. if.
Sch nbrnnn, BhSn'brdTm, if.
Schouw. Bkou, .'/.
Schowen. skou'ven, M.
Schreiter. shrt'ber. M.
Schreveliua Bkrfr-vi'H-tts, if.
Schubert, shoo'be'rt, U.
Schultz, sluftlts. if
Schulze. Bhdblfse, M.
Schumacher, shoo'ma-kfr, if.
Schumann, shoo'iniin, if.
Schuyler, ski 'If . if.

J skool'kTl, M.
Sch war z. BhvS

Schwarzbur^. Bhvarts'bd&rB, M.
Schwarzenburg. Bhvart'een-be'rg, if.
Schwarzwald. shv arts'valt, M.
Sch-.veidn:tz shvlt'nlts, .1/
Schwemfort. shvin'iiJort, it.
Schwerin. shvi-rfn', U.
Schwytz. shvTte, .1/.
Scigliano. shtl-ya'nfi, .'/•
Sca'iv. >.i"r. Jr.
Scio. A'r. Sf.
Sc.one. st-6'nc", C.
Scioupins. -lii-op'pT-Hs ; G. Schopp,

shop, if-
Scioto, si B'tS, if-
Scipio. sTp':
Scituate. btt'fi-St, M.
Sciavonia, skia-vo'nl-a, Jl.
Scotland, BkStland, 51.
Scribe, skreb. .V

Scuderi or Scud^ry. sku'dtt're', 5f.
8cutari. skoo'ta-n, it.
Scvros rt'rtta, C.
Scvtha. Bt'the,
Scvthia. sMi'6-a, C.
Seb -t'l). B.
Seba^o sf-ha'g", if.
Sebastian, sf-blst'yan, Jr.
Sebastiani. aft-b
Sebaatopol, Be-bas'tO-pCl', If.
Sebe bS*
Sebis. si'bS, U.
Se-Chuen. Bl'cb.dVe'n . Jr.
Secunderabad. sf-kCin'dOr-ii
Sedan -'•- u"j> '. Jf.
Sedgwick, b i'wTk, if.
Seeland, sSHand ; Zai/u'.<A SJalland.

By I'land, .V.
Seetapoor. B&'to-p or', if.
Seevas or Sivas Be/vSa', if-
Seewah or Suvah, -e'wa, if.
Segetia. sf-je'shl-*, C.
Begida, B*-iT'd4, C
Segneri. san'r"
Segni. san'y*. .1/.
Segodunum, B'g'O-dQ'nttm, C
Segorbe. s.i-soi -'bi, J/.

525

Segovia, se-gO'vT-a, C; Sp. 6«-g6'-

Seguntium, sf-gnn'shT-tim, C.

Segur. sVgur', M.

Seine, sari, M.

Seir. M^'fr, B.

Seius. BS'yfis, C.

Sejanua. sr-ja'nfls. C.

Selene. sC-le'n

Seleucia. s'-ln'- -A-sl'ii.

'"-" Seleucea -
Seleucus, sr-lu'kus, I.
Selgovs, sCl'gn-ve, t.
Selinus. sf-lTriius or s l'T-ntis, C.
Semachiah, sfm'u-kT'ii, /;.
Semaiah. srm'S-I'a. />.
Semela. s.'m'f-la ; Semele, -le, C.
Seminoles, som't-nrlz. .)/.
Semiramis, sf-niTr'a-ip.
Semliki, sem-le'kl, if.
Sempach. s m'pak, if.
Sempronius._s iii-pro'nY-ris, C.
Senaah, sc-ua'a or s n'it-a, B.
Senator, sr-na'tor : Senatua, -tus, C.
Seneca, s n'O-ka. C. & if.
Senecio. sf-ne'shT-o, C.
Senegal, s u-f-cai'. if.
Senegambia. sCn-f-gSin'bT-d. if.
Seanaaro. Sennar, b n-mir', if
Sennacherib, a n-nak'S-rlb or scn7-

ni-ke'rlb, R.
Senonea, Gaul, son'^-nez ; ftaly, sC-

nii'nez. C
Sepharvaim. srf ar-va'Tm. B.
Septemviri. s p-ttm'vl-rf, C.
Septimiua, s"p-tTm'I-ns, C.
Septimus, Bep'tT-miSs, C.
Sepulveda, sa-pool'va-da. .1/.
Seqiana. s k'wi-na ; -ni, -uT, C.
Serah. -u'ra, /;.
Seraiah &Tf&-J'k, B.
Serampore. .-vr-am-por', if.
Serapio. -"-ra'pl-.* ; pion, -pl-Cn, C.
Serajjia. sC-ra'pIs, C. ft />'.
Sergiua, ^?r'jI-fls, B. & C.
Seringapatam. srMn'jL'a-pa-tfim', if.
Seringham. sCr-Tn'grim, if.
Seriphua. s?-ri'ffis, C.
Sertoriua, s?r-t5'rT-us, C.
Servetua. scr-ve'tus; Sp. Servedo,

s r-va'd8, if.
Servia. sor'vWi, if.
Serviua^ser'vi-ns, C.
Sesia. sa'sf-ii. if.
Seaostria. sC-s^-'trTs, C.
Sesse. bSs's*, if.

Sestia3. s s'tuis ; SestiUB, -Qb, C
Seth. s;th. B.
Sethon, se'tlxln, C.
Sethur, Bg'ther. B.
Setubal. s.l-too'bal, or Saint Ubea.

si-nt-flbz', .'/.
Sevastopol, BS-vae'tO-pfiri Russ. sy5-

. i/.
Sevora, sf-ve'r.i ; SeveruB, -rfis, C.
Severn, s V?rn, if.
Sevier, sO-ver', .*/.

S^vign^. Bft-v5n'y* or sft'vPn'ya', if.
Seville, s v'll or st-vil' ; Up. Se-

villa, si-vel'y-.i, if.
Sevre. s5t. if.
Seward. Bdo'8rd, if-
Sextia. b k-'tf-a ; Sextim. -tl-fls, C.
Sextilia. s ks-tT'lTs C.
Seychelles. sH'sh. I', if-
Seymour, sl-'uh't, if.
Sforza. fsfOrt'sa, if.
Shaddai. *had'9-l. B-
Shadrach. >hTi',\ ik. B.
Shakespeare. Shakspeare. or 8h*k-

spere
Sham a r

Shammai. ahlin'ml-T, R.
Shammua 'a. H.

Shan? ii
Shapham. -hu'iair fan. -la

B.
Sharon, Bhar'On, B. ft if

8IGMARINGEN

Sharuhen. •'li-m'hl'n, B.

Shashai. shikh'
i Shatt el-Arab

Shayeh. »lii've, ShavehKiriathalm,
>ua'\-

Shawangunk. '!-.!■'_• m, if.

Sheba, Shebal.

Sheboyg i , if.

Shechem. shCk

Sheernesa. shfr-i

Sueiah. she'la, /;.

Sn^lumiel. shr-lu'iiiT-Vl, B.

Shem. Bh

Shemaiah. sh in'ft-T'a. /;

Shemariah.

Shemiramoth .. /;.

Shemuel. BhC-mU't I. />'.

Shenandoah, ah n'an-d

Shenazar

Shephathiah. >h f'4-thT'a, Ii

Shephatiah bIi f'a-tT'a, B.

Shephuphan. Bhf-fll'fan, B.

Sheshach

Sheshbazzar. Bh$sh-b&z'zar, B.

Sheva. Bhe'va, //.

Shevenne. Bht'fn', if.

Shibboi-:* th, B.

Shihon. e

Shikarpoc ', .V.

Shilo. sl<!

Shiloah. sht-18'a, B.

ShJoh. BhI'ln, - ft tf.

Shimeath. shim': nth, B.

Shimei, shrmT-T. B.

Shimeon. shiin'f-Cn. />.

Shimri. Bh im'rl j -rith, -rtth, B.
! Shimshai. slum'-
: Shinar, slu'iiiir, /.'.

Shiraz, she'riiz. if.

Shisha. shl'sha i -shak, -shak, B.
i Shittim, shift I in, B.

Shobai, sh«'M-T, //.

Shobal. BhO'bal, B.

Shoomla or Schumla, shrs>m '

Shoshone. shri-&h6'nf1_ .'/.

Shrewsbury. U.i Eng.,

T, If.

Shropshire. shro[)'shCr,o/- Salop, sa'-

Shuham. slioo''!!lm, B.

Shuhlte, shoo'lilt. B.

Shunammite, shoo'nim-It, B.

Shunem, shdd'n m, /»'.

Shuahan, sluxj'slian, /;.

Siam. st-flmr or iMm', if.

Sibbecai"- Sibbechai. s'.b'bC-kft, B.

Siberia, st-bu'n-a. if.

Siberia, sib'f-r

SibyUa. ~T-bTl' .

Sicani. st-ka'nt or slk'A-ni, C

Sicania. st-ka'n

Sicanua. st-ka'ii

%.ir', if.
Sichem. sl'ki n
Sicilia. -

■II. .)/.
Sicoria. sik'6-rli : Sicorns. '
Sicili. sik'0-11 : Sicu,
Sicyon.

Sicyom . .. ' '.

Side, si '

Sidene. nt-de'nS : Sidenua, -n
Sidmouth. »Td'ini th. J/.
Sidon.
Sidones
Sidonia.
Siedlec

Sierra, sf-fr'ra : S Leone, -it
S. Madre. -nm'drfl . S Nevada.

Sigseum. st-je'fim, C.

Sigeum

tf-

Sigmanngen. ., if.

f5m. recent, orb, nidc. full, Qrn, i^rx\. 1<X>t. out. oil, cluir. go, sins, ink, then. thin.
B, Biblical i C, Classical s S, Esypt.au ; ft, Uindoo ; M, Modern i A', None. l»ee page 431.)

SIGMUND

Sigmnnd, sYg'mand, N.

8igny. sYg'nY, iVT.

Sigurd, ee'gotjrd, N.

Sihon. sl'liCn, B.

Bilas. Bl'laa, B.

Bileni, st-le'nt ; Silenus, -ntta, C.

Silesia, sT-lc'shi-ii ; G. Schlesien,

shla'zt-en, 31.
SUistria, sT-lts'trT-a. 31.
Billa. BlKla, C.
Siloah, st-lb'a or bYKC-4, B.
Siloam, st-lo'am or siKfi-am, B.
Biloe, st-16'C or slKo-f , B.
Silures, st-lQ'iez or sYl 'li-rez, C.
Silvanus, BYl-vfi'nQs, B. &. C.
Silvestre, sSl'vestr', 31.
SUvius. stl'vY-us, C.
Simancas, st-nian'kas, M.
Simbeersk, sYm-bersk', 31.
Simeon. sYm'C-on, fi.
Simferopol, sYm-it'-r-o'po'l, M.
Simiu, sr-me'oo, 31.
Simla, sTni'hi, 31.
Simon, Bl'mSn, B. & C.
Simone. Rt-niS'ne", C.
Simonidea, st-mRn't-dez, C.
Simplon, sYm'plQn ; F. sau'pldN',

Sina, 6i'na, B.

Sinai, cl'na or si'na-T, R.

Sinde or Scinde, sYnd, 31.

Siqpra, st-ne'rii, C.

Singapore, sTn/ga-|)5r,1 M.

Singio, sni-ge'O, 31.

Sinigaglia, B&-nC-gal'ya, 31.

Sinope, B.n-o'pt1, C. & 31.; Turkish

Sinoob, sC-noob', 31.
Sion, Bl'Sn, /?.
Sioout, $?-(>ot', 31.
Siope, st-o^pf, C
Sioux, soo, 31.
Sirenea, sf-re'iiez, C.
Sirini, sY-ri/iii, C
Sirion, sYr'Y-On, B.
Siriu3, sYr'Y-us, C.
Sirmio, ser'mY-u; -mium, -mT-fim, C.
Sisara, sYs'a-ra, C.
Siaenna, st-sai'iia, C.
Si3era, sYs'e-ra.L'.
Siamondi, sfs-mou'df, .1/.
Sistova, sfs-to'vii; Bulgarian Shtab,

Bhtab, 31.
8isyphus, sYs^Y-ffls, C.
Sitheni. si-the'm, C
Sithonia, Bt-tbo'iiY-a ; -nil, -nl-I, C.
Sithonia, BYth'ii-iiYs. C.
Sitia, sjsh'Y-a ; Sitius, stsh'T-Qs, C.
Siva, se'va, 11.
Sivan, si/van, B.
Sjogren. shg'jrrrn, 31.
Skagger Rack, skater rak, At.
Skaneatele?, skan-r-at'lCs, 31.
Skirnir, sker'ncr, .V.
Skrymnir, skrYm'nCr, AT.
Skrzynecki. sk/.hC-nOt'skC, 31.
Skye, ski, 31.
Slavonia, sla-vo'nY-a, 31.
Sleipnir. s1ei>'nPr, X.
Sleswick, si s'wik; O. Schleswig,

ah] b'vYr, 31.
Sluia or Sluy3, slois, 31.
Smolensk, smo-l nsk', .'/.
Smyrna. BmSr'ni, A'. & .)/. ; Turkish

Izmeer, Tz-mer', .'/.
Sobieski, so-bC-i s'kf, 31.
Socinua. bO-bI'u&i ; //• Sozzini, sot-

se'nr, 31.
Socotra. sfi-kS'trn or sSk'o-tra, 31.
Socratea, B5k'ra-t5z ; -tia, -tYs, C.
Sodom, sfiri'ttm, B.
8odoma. sod'f.-ma, B. & C.

SoiB80n8. swas'sn.v'. .)/.

Soleure, so'lur' ; G. Solothurn, sfi-16-

tnorn', 31. '
Soliman, sBl'Y-miin or sO-lT-man', =

Sui-iman, 31.
Solomon, srtl'6-mun, B.
Solon, sC15n, C.

526

Soma, 88'ma, ft.

Bombwe, sOmb'wft", 31.

Somers. Buiu'erz, .V.

Somerset, bum'5r-s;t, 3t.

Somme, sftin, M.

86mmering, zem'nifr-Tng, 3f.

Sonderehausen, zon'derz-hou/'zen,

31.
Sonoma. Eo-no'ma, 31.
Sonora, so-no'ra, 31.
Soodan= Soudan.
Sopater, s?ip'a-ter, 11. & C.
Sophia, so'fi-a or Bib-iV&, C. ; sS-fe'd

= Traiditza. tit-ii-det'sii, 31.
Sophoclea, sofn-klez, C.
Sophrona. >ui,'ru-iia, C.
Sophronia, su-fro'nT-a, C.
Sophronicua, Btj-frOn'T-kris or s5f rO-

ni'kfis, < '.
Sophroayne, so-irBs'T-nS , C.
Sorrento, sor-r. n'to, 31.
So3ipater, Ko-sTji'd-tgr, B.
So3i8tratua, so-sTs'tra-tus, C.
So3itheu3. so-sTtli'f-us, C.
Sojiu3, so'sla-us, C.
So3theiie3, sSs'tlit-nez, B. & C.
Sostratus. sfis'tra-tris, B. V C.
Sotera, so-te'ra ; SotereB, -rez, C.
Sotheby, snHi'C-bT, 31.
Soudan, Sudan, or Soodan, soo-diin',

31.
Soule, sol, M.
Soule", soc/la^ M^
Soulouque, soo'lcok', M.
Soult, soolt, 31.

Southampton, sfith-liSmp'tQn, M.
Southard, sutii-'erd, 31.
Southern, silt^'crn, 31.
Soutney, south'! or sutli'T, 31.
Southwark, stith'erk, 31.
Souveatre, soo/vrstr,',jl/.
Soyer, soi'Sr or swa'ya', 3f.
Sozomene, so-zSm'e-n£, C.
Spa, spa, 31.
Spain, span, B. Sf 31. ; 8p. Eapafia,

as-pan'ya, 31.
Sparta, spiir'ta, C. Sr 31.
SpartacuB, spar'ta-kris, C.
Speyer or Spires, spTr, M.
Spezzia, spat'st-ii, 31.
Sphinx, slinks, E.
Spiegel, spe'gf-l, 31.
Spinola, spe'nn-la, 3f.
Spinoza, spt-no'za, 31.
Spitzbergen, spits-l)5rg'en, M.
Spliigen, splu'frni, 31.
Spoleto, spO-la'to, 31.
Spoletum, spS-le'tdm, C.
Sporades, spor'il-dez, C. 4- 31.
Spottsylvania, spOt-sTl-va'nl-a, M.
Sprague, spra^, 31.
Spunua, spa'rT-us, C.
Spurtzheim, spoorts'hTin, 31.
Stael, stiil or sta'PK. 31.
Stagira, sta-jl/'ra ; Stagirua, -rQs, C.
Stahl, stiil, 31.
Stamboul, stam-bool'', = Constanti-

nople, 31.
Stanhope, stan'ilp, M.
StaniaUua, stan-Ts-la'ils, 6tan-Ts-la'-

risfn- stan-Ts-lou', 31.
Stanton, BtSn'tQn, 31.
Statiu8. sta'shT-ris, C.
Staunton, stiin'trin, 31.
Stein, stTn, 31.
StentoriB, stCn'tfi-rTs. C.
Stephana. Bt?f n-iia : -nua, -nfls, C.
Stephanas, stcfa-nas, B.
Stephani. stft-lii'iir. 31.
Stephanieville, st>. i'au-C-vTl', M.
Stephen, ste'w n, B.
Stettin, st t-tSn', 31.
Steuben, stri^bpn or stfl-hrn', M.
Steyer or Steyr, stfCr, 31.

stiiicho. stirr-kfi, c.

Stockholm, stOk'linlm, 31.
Stonehenge, Btfln'h ni, 31.
Stonington, BtOn'Ing-tOn, 31.

TABORA

Strabo, stra'l)- . C.

Strahan or Strachan, stran, 31.

Stralaund, Btral'boond, 31.

Strasburg. >traz/'btMg ; O. StTSSt-
burg, >tias,b6orj.r, 31.

Stratonicus, strat'O-nl'kQs, C-

Straus3, >trous, 31.

Stromboli, stroiii'liu-le", M.

Stuttgart, stotifgart, 31.

Stuyvesant, sti'vca-ant, if.

Styra, sti'ra, C.

Styria, stTr/r-a, M.

Suabia, swa'bY-a, 31.

Subura. su-bQ'ra, C.

Suburra, sfi-bni-'ra, C.

Succoth. sr.k'kSth, B.

Sudri. sa'drY, N.

Suetoniua^ swe-to'nT-ils, C

Suevi, Bwe'vt ; Suevius, -vT-fls, C

Suez. soc-Cz/', 31.

Suffolk, stlFuk, 31.

Suhali, soo-ha'lT, 31.

Suidas, su'T-das, C.

Suir, slioor, 31.

Suliman, sdo-le-nian'', or Suleiman,
soo-la-miiii'', 31.

Sully. snl'lT ; F. su'ye', 31.

Sulpitia or Sulpicia, sul-puh'r-a, C.

Sumatra, soo-ma'tra, 31.

Sumbawa. sjni-ba'wa, M.

Sunium. sn'nl-Qiii, C.

Surajah Dowla, ser-ii'ja dou'la. M.

Surat, soo-ijit'', 31.

Surinam, soo-rT-niini'', 31.

Surium, >u'if-um ; -rius.-rY-tis, C.

Surtr, b^'ter, J.

Surya, soor'^a, H.

Suaa, sO'sa, B. $• C. ; sdo'sa, .)/.

Susana, su'sa-na, C.

Susanna. Susannah, su-zSn'na, B.

Susiana. Mi'sln-a'Da ; -ni. -in, C.

Susquehanna, stis-kwC-lian'a. M.

Sutlej. sOt'lej, 31.

Suvaroff. sfio-va'rQf, o, Suvorofi, so&-
vo'rfif, 31.

Suwanee. sfi-wa'nf , 31.

Svendborg. svCnd'borg, 31.

Swabia = Suabia, 31.

Swansea, swSn'sf, 31.

Sweden, swe'den, 31.

Swedenborg, Bwe/den-bBrg/, 31.

Switzerland, swTt'zfr-l'nid, 31.
. Sybaria. sib'a-rTs, C.
| Sybaritia, sYb'a-'-T'tTs, C.

Sycene. st-se-'nt, B.

Sychar, si'kar, B.

Sychem, sT'krm, B.

Sydenham, sYd'en-mn, .1/.

Syene, sf-e'iif, B. &• C.

Sylvanua, 6Yl-va'iii".s. C.

Sylvia, siKvY-a ; Silvius. -vY-tis. C.

Symmachus, sYm'nia-kns, r.

Symplegades. sYm-pK g'li-dez, C.

Synope, sY-no'pP, C.

Syntiche, sYn'n-kf, B.

Syntyche, sin'ti-kt, C.

Syphax. sl'iaks, C.

Syracuase, sYr/a-ku/'sr, c.

Syracuse, sYr'A-ki)_s /;. v .'/.,- R.
Siracuaa, SlI-ra-k('(/^:i, .)/.

Syria. sYr'Y-a, B., C, * -'/•

Syrinx, si'rlnks, C.

Syrophenicia, sY'riVrt-nYsh/Y-a, B.

Syrophoenices, sYr'S-iC-nl'sez, C.

Syros, ^rr5s, C.

Syrtica, NCr'tY-ka. C.

Syrus, al'rflB, ('.

Szegedin, sig-i d-Pn', 31.

Taanach. ta'u-nak, B.
Tabasco, tii-bas'ko", 31.
Tabitha. tfib'I-tha, B.
Tabor, ta'bOr. /;., C, *• it.
Tabora. ta-bO'rA, 31.

fi, e, 1, 0, a, long ; ft, 5, Y, 8, ti, ft short ; senate, Cvent, Idea, obey, lYiute, care, firm, ask, nil, final.
£, Biblical j C, Classical ; E, Kgyptian » it, Hindoo ; M, Modern ; iV, Norse. [See page -wr.J

TABREEZ

527

Tabreez. ta-brez'. .1/.

Tacita. tas':-ta ; Tacitus, -tus, C.

Tadmor, tad'mo ', /;.

Taenaros. t n'-i-rO-- : -tub, -rus, C

Tafilet. UU-l-U t', J/.

Taganrog. tag-an-rdg-', .V.

Tagliamento. ta.l-vd.-m n'tu, .V.

Tagus, ta'grts, C. v J/.

Tahiti, ta-he'te, = Oiaiilite. .1/.

Tahoe. ta-ho'. if.

Taiwan, tf-wfin', = Formosa, if.

Tako, ta'k*. if.

Talavera de la Reyna, ta-la-va'ra

da la ra'r-na. if.
Talbot, t I'b t. .1/.
Taliaferro. tol'I-ver or t l'fer, .)/.
Tallahassee. tSI-d-has'f, .1/.
Tallahatchie, t&l-a-hach't, M.
Tallapoosa, tal-a-p -o'-a. it.
Talleyrand, tal'll-rand ; F. tillft'-

ro /", if.
Tallien. ta'l-av'. U.
Tallmadge. tal'm'j. M.
Tamaqua. ui-i-u/kwa, it.
Tamar. ta'inar, li.
Tamaulipas. ta-tnou-Ie'pSs, M.
Tambira. tain-be'ri, .1/.
Tambov, tam-l*;' ', .1/.
Tamerlane, tilin'er-lln. it.
Tampico. tam-pe'ko, M.
Tana, ta'na, if

Tanager. t&n'a-jSror ta-na'jJfr, C.
Tanagra. tan'a-gra ur ta-na'gra, C.
Tanais I

Tanganyika, tan'uan-ve'ka, if.
Tangasi. Can-^a'sT, If.
Tangier, tan-jer', .1/'.
Tarns, ta"

Tanjore. tan-j5r', St.
Tanna. tan'na, St.
Tantalis. tan't.'i-l.'s ; -lua. -las, C
Taos. tar'"s or tons, St.
Tapajos, la-pa'zhCs, M.
Taranto. ta'ran-to, St.
Tarascon. ta-ras'kOu, C. ; ta'ras'-

kN',.V.
Tarbes. tarb, M.
Tarentum. ta-rcn'tttm, C. Sr if.
Tarichea. Egypt, tarT-ke'ii ; Pales-

-a, C.
Tarifa. ta-re'ia. If.
Tarpeia. tiir-ne'v.i : -ius. -yus, C.
Taxiuinius, tar-kwTn'I-
Tarragona. tar-rirg8'na, if.
Tarihis, tar'alita ; -shish, -thTuh, B.
Tarsius. tar'shf-us, V.
TarsuB. tar's is, /:. v M.
Tartarus, tar'td--
Taschereau. tash'rd'. if.
Ta3hkend, td-h-kriMl'. U.
Tasmania. Hz-mi'n -i. M.
Tasjo. tls'sfi : It tia'afi. It.
Tauchnitz. touk'nits, it.
Taunton, tan'tun, if.
Taunus. t I'nfis. C.
Tanrania. ta-ra'nr-a, C
Taurica. ti'rf-k-i, ('.
Taurida. t .'rl-da, = Krim, if.
Taunis

Tchad = Chad, M.
Tehama. ciii'm'., .'/.
Tchany. Tchani. - I n -.vy. if.
Tchernigov=CiiEExroov, .1/
Tchiloango. chil'fi-tln'gi'i, St.
Tchuapa. cho5-2'p&, if
Tchumbiri, tchoom-bS'
Teche. t

Tecumseh. tfMcnin/*e, it.
Tein r.
Tenar^

Tehuacan. W-wa-kan'. if.
Tehuantepec, t*-wan-tl-pPk', St.

ft ; Telus, tc'yfis, C.
Tei$nmouth. tln'mnth, At.
T-yuco, nz-h55'k0, M.
Telah. B'la- B.
Telamon, t i'a-mon, C.
Telemachus, te-l-;m'a-kHs, C.

Tellurufl. t"l-!Q'nis. C.

Telugus t l/6o-c6oz'l if.

Temes. t in- sh , if.

TemeBvar. t m-esh-var'. M,

Tenasserim. t. n-Ss'Sr-Ym. if.

Tenedos. t a'C-dOs, C v if.

Tenerilfe. u n-ei-u', J/.

Teniers. t n'\ Drz ; F. Wnf'5' or

Un'yS', M.
Tennessee, t> n-m's-se'. If.
Tenterden. t n't5r-d< n. It.
Teo8. tc-'.",~. or Teios. te'yOs, C.
Tepic. tt-pek'. '/.
Terceira. Kr-sa'f-ri, .1/.
Terentius. t?-r. n'shl-
Tergemiaus. t?r-i in')-!.
Ter,est$. tgr-j >'tr ; -turn. -torn, C.
Termini, tcr'nu-iif, .1/.
Terminus, tcr'mi-n -
Ternate. tr-r-nat". It.
Terpsichore, tDrp-sik'n-rf. C.
Terracina. tor ra-il'na, C. ; t?r-ra-

clie'ii-.i, if.
Terrasson. tSr'rl'sftjf', li.
Terre-Bonne, tC-r'brni', .)/.
Terre Haute. ISKe-hSt, if.
Tertius. teKahT-Os, li. v C.
Tertulius. ter-WKlQe, /;.
Tethya. tS'thTs, C.
Tetrapolia. W-trSp'S-lTB, C.
Tetricus. u'rVi-k -,•=. C.
Tetuan, t t- o-an', if.
Teucer. tQ'sSr. C.
Teuk-cham. ta '.■..k-Milim', if.
Teutoni. ta'tft-nl, or -nes, -uSz, C.
Teviot. t.v'i-Mt. .)/.
Tewkesbury. Tewksbury. tuk-'bCr-T.

M.
Thaddaus. thad-de'fis. f).
Thaddeus, tliad-de'us or thad'df-tts.

/;.
Thais. tha'T^. C.
Thalberg, taM'benr, if.
Thalos, t ia'lez, C.
ThaUa. tha-ll'4, C.
Thames, t mz, if.
Thanatcs. than'a-toa, C.
Thanet. tii5n'. t. if.
Thasos. tlia'-'i- : Thasus. thS'sfls, C
Thaumacus. tha/ma-k
Theagor

Thebae. thC'br, c.
Thebais. tlrb'S-lsoc thf-b5'T8, C.
Thebe. t!ie'!\
Thebes. thEbz, it.
Thebez, the'bez, B.
Theiss. tt*.M.
Themis, tlu-'i '

Themistocles. thC-mTs'tft-klBs, C.
Theobald, t if'.vh bl o t b'bald, if.
Theocies.tlieT-klez : -clus. -klus, C.
TheocUdas, thC-'r-kll'.i
Theoclytus. thP-BklT-l
Theocritus. thMk'rW
Theodamas, thf-5d'4-m
Theodamu3. the r-da':
Theodatus. th*
Theodemus. ti

Theodors.. thS'rt-dfl'ra : -ru. -rOe, C.
Theodosius. tin* '
Theodota. thP-M'ft-tt ; -ta-a

-tes. -ur/. : -tus.
Theodotus. thM '

Theojenes. HiP-Bi'f-nSz, C.

Theoznu

Theomei.

Theopt-

Theophan.

Theophilu

Theophrastus

Theramenei. t'

Therich

Therldai

Therrood

Thermopyla. thl

TherBilochu* t !

TherBltse, tl»Cr-*l

riMOCREON

Thesea

Theseus, tbC

Thesizer

TheBimtiii

Theipf.. pi»,

th -'!.:-- : -piUS -|

Thessalia, tli
Thessalonica.

C. v .1/.
Thessaly. thrt'a-lT, or Thossali*.

Thetis.

Theudas. thQ'das. I.

Thiassi •

Thibaut. tr I,-', M.

Thibet. U'b I or tib-t'. if

Thibodeau

Thierry. t-'"i re', if

Thiers, tr'-ir'. If.

Thion. tr'u.N'. .1/.

Thisbe. thlz'br. r,

Thoa3. tho'a> i Thoe, tho'?, C.

Tholuck, tO'l'i?jk, At.

Thorn, torn, it.

Thomar. US-mar-', If.

Thomas, tfim'oa, B

Thor. thor, \.

Thoresby. thflrz'

Thorn. Priu*ia, turn, if

Thorwaldsen. tfiKvuld-sen, if.

Thoth. :

Thouvenel. t-x>v ivl', if.

Thrace. ; b, St

Thracia. thri'shT-a, /.

Thrasea. thrS/ n of a

•
Thrasybulus. tli
Thrasydamiu
Thrasymede3. tli
Thra3ymenes. thra-sYra't-ni
Thrasymenus. thriU f-raS'ni -
Thuaka. thuo-a-'ka. If.
Thucydides. tbu-Td'i-dez, C.
Thulden. tii'd n, if.
Thule. tb .

Thimmel. tum'in. 1. if.
Thun. t.^nii. it.
Thurgan. WoKgou, if.
Thunngia. tbn-rTn'jT-4 ; O. Thu-

ringen. I
Thuriiun. tliu'n
Thyatira. t',1 :i-tT'ra. /;. V C.
Thyene. tht-e'
Ticer, ti'ber ; It. Tevere. ta'

.1/.
Tiberias, tt-be'-
Tib3rius. tt-bC
Tiben -. ;

TibuUus. ti-b il'lus, C.
Tibur. ti'
Tichius, tik';
Ticlno. tf-che':
Ticinus, a rir«r, tl-t* '

Ticonderoga. tt-kBn'der-"
Ticozzi.
Tidor. f
Tieck. U

Tiedemann. te'd'-man, .V.
Tien-Tsin.

Tierra del Fuego. t*
E ■, It.

:
Tighfl. I

\er. B.

:
■

Timan-;'
Tiroseti'

taa, -tC*z, C. I Timocreon, tt-n

ffrn, rccnt. 6rb, rude, lull. , chair, (to, ung, ink, ti

B, Biblical ; C, Cbuaical i E, Egyptian ; //, iliudi^ ; J/, Modwi ; 9, Son: l»*« page 4W.J

TIMOLEQN

Tlmoleon. tt-mSlfi-ttti, C.

Titaon. ti'moii, B. &■ C
Timoi Laut. U-mor' lout, Jf.
Timotheua, ti-ino'tht-us, B. 4- C.
Timothy, tin'u-thT, B.
Tinneveily, tm'ne-v. Kit, 31.
Tintoretto, t.ii-tn-r-.t'tG, 31.
Tioga, tt-6'ga, Jf.

fippecanoe, tfp/pe"-ka-noo,1 M.
ipperaiy. tip-er-a^rT. 31.
Tippoo oahib, ttp-oo' ^u'hlb, Jf.
Tireaiaa, tf-ie'ahf-as, ( '.
Tirlemont. terl'mDa', 31.
Tirzah, ter'/a, B.
Tischendorf, tiih'en-dorf, 31.
Tisiphone. t:-s.i/o-n. , C.
Tiisaphernes. trs-sa-ier'nez, C.
Titan, ti'tan. /;. v c. ; a/.*j Titanus,

tl-tu'nus : Titania, tl-ta'n.-a, C'.
Titanus, a giant, also a river, tt-ta'-

n"is ; a mountain, tit'a-n&e, C.
Titia, tTsh'f-a; ies.-:-5z ; -ins, -1-us ;

-iana. -T-a'"ni : -ianas, -"-a/'uu8, V.
Titian, r.sh'un; It. Tiziano, tet-se-a'-

p5. .1/.
Titicaca. tTt-u-ka'ka, Jf.
Titiniu3. tt-tin'l-fis, C.
Titus, ti'tfis, B. x C.
Tityrus, tit'i-rus. C.
Tivoli. tivT.-lr: Jt. te'vO-ie, Jf.
Tlaacala. tlas-ka'la. Jf.
Tlemcen, tl m-a .11', 31.
Tmaru3. ma'rfis, C.
TmolU3. ino'lfis, C.
Tobago. to-bS'gO, 31.
Tobiah. to-bl'ft, B.
Tobias, tft-bl'aa, B.
Tobit. to'b t, />.
Tobol. tu-boK, Jf.
Tobolsk. tft-bOlak', Jf.
Tocqueville, tOk'vir; F. tok'vel',

Jf.
Todlcben, tot'lJ-ben, 31.
Tokay, tri-ka', .1/.
Tokyo, to'kS-o, Jf.
Toledo, tt-Je'dd ; Sp. tfs-la'dd\ 31.
Tolentino, t8-l n-te'no. 31.
Tolosa, t -lo'sa, C. v 31.
Toluca. tMoo'ka, Jf.
Tombigbee. tttm-b g'b*, 31.
Tonawanda. toVa-wBn^da, 3f.
Toagatabu. tor/i.'a-ta'boo, 31.
Tonquin. t8n-ken', 31.
Tooggoort, toog'uort', 31.
Toola = 1 i'la. 31.
Toorkistan = Tiukesta.v, Jf.
Topeka. tri-pe'ka. Jf.
Tophet. tfi'i t : Topheth. -frth, B.
T plitz tnp'l t~, M.
Toretas. tCr'C-tP, C
Torgau, tSr'gou, 31.
Tornea. toKn>-f,, 31.
Toro. to'ro, .;/.
Toronto. tiWBn'trt, 31.
Torquata. rdr-kwa'U; -tUB, -tiis, C.
Tordaato. tdr-kwa't5, .1/.
Torqiemada. tdr-k3-ma'da. 31.
Torres Vedras. tor'ras va'dras, 31.
Torricelli. tor-iO-clul'le, or t6r-rl-

s i'li, M.
Tortuga. td'-tSo'ga, 31.
Tou. to'ii. /;.
Toulon, too'loH', .1/.
Toulouse, tixytttoz', 3f.
Touraine, tut/riii', 31.
Tourcoing. hior'kwaN', 31.
Tour nay. toor'nt.', Jf.
Tour3. t Br, if.
Towcester, totts'Wr, 31.
Toyama, f-ya'ma', 31.
TrachonitiB; trak'.VnT'tTe, B. 4- C.
Trafalgar, traf'al-gar' or tra-ial/-

par, St.
Tragus, tri'gfla, C.
Trajanus, tr*-ia'ntta, C.
Traiee. tra-le' 31.
Transvaal, trans-val'. 31-
Transylvania. tran'sTl-va'nT-A, 31.

528

Trapani. tra-pa'nr, 31.
Traa-os-Montea, tias-*>s-m5n'tCb, 31.
Travaucore, trav'uii-koi', 31.
Trebizond, tr> b'J-zond', 31.
Treboniua. tri-bo'ni-us, C.
Tredegar, trtd'e-gar, 31.
Tremont, trC-mfint', 31.
Trent, tr. nt, 31.
Trevea. trevz, 3f.
Treviglio, tra-veKyS, M.
Treviao. tra-ve'su, 31.
Trevor, tre'ver, if,
Trichinopoly. tricb'Tn-Sp'S-lt, 31.
Triest, tre-tst', or Trieate, tre-is'tS,

M.
Trigemini, trt-j'-m'T-nl, C.
Trunurti. trf-incTDr'tr-, H.
Trinacria, trl-na'kri-a, or Trinacris,

trin'a-krlB, C.
Trincomali, trm/kr,-ma-le/', M.
Trinidad, trin'i-dad', 31.
Tripoli. trlp'C4l, 31.
Tripolia, trlp'O-lls, B. Sf C. ; tr£-

po^lfa, 31.
Triptolemus, trtp-tOKt-mus, C
Trismegistua. tris'inr-iis'tus, C.
Tristan, trfs'tan ; F. trts'te.N''. Jf.
Triton, trl'tOn, C.
Tritones. trt-to'iiez: -nus, -nus, C.
Triumviri, trt-uiu'vi-n, t'.
Trivia, trtv'Y-i, C.
Troadea. tio'u-'lez, C.
Troa8, tro'as, /;. • i '.
Troglodytae. trBe-Wd't-tC or tr5g-lu-

dl'tC : Troglodytes, -tez, C.
Troilus, tro'.-l is, V.
Troja. tro'jli, ( '.
Trojani. trr-ja'nT, C.
Tr.llweiber, trel'vi'bSr, N.
Tronchin, tr«5H/6hlNr, 31.
Trordhjem, trBnd'yPm, Jf.
Trophimu3. trBf'T-mlis, B. !f C.
Trophoaius, tru-fo'nT-us, C.
Trosachs. trdV^ka, Jf.
Troyes trwa, Jf.

Trujillo. Truxillo, troo-heKyo, C.
Tryphon. trt'iSn, B. \ C.
Tryphosa. trt-fS'si, B. i,- C.
Tschudi. t-ii ■..</fl*, Jf.
Tubal, ta'bal ; Tubal-cain, -kan, B.
T ibingen, tir^b.im-en. 31.
Tuk-cham, took-Bhani', M.
Tucson. tO-sBn', Jf.
Tucuman. too-koo-man', 31.
Tudela. tno-da'li. Jf.
Tula. Toola, too'la, 31.
Tule. tOo'lS, 31.

Tullia, tuKlr-r. : Tullius, -lt-Qs, C.
Tulliola, tni-liT-li. U.
Tumbuli. KSom-boo'lT, Jf.
Tungurahua, toog'goo-ra'hwa, 31.
Tunis, tu'n.s, C. If 31.
Tuolumne, twOKuiii-nr, Jf,
Turenne. tfi-rFn' ; F. tu'rCn', 31.
Turgot. tur'go'. if.
Turin, tu'rln ; //. Torino, to-re'nij,

Turkey, ter'kt. Jf.

Turkestan or Turkistan, toor'kos-
tan'. .1/.

Turnhout. tUni'hout. 31.

Tuscaloo8a. tQs'ka-loo'iiA, C.

Tuscar.ia. tns-ka'iiT-a, C.

Tuscany. taVka-nT, Jf.

Tuscarawas, Ws/kA-ra/'wa«1 31.

Tuscarora, tMs'ks'i-ro'n'i, .'/.

Tuscola, t -.'kr-la, .1/.

Tuiculani. t" s-kri-la'nT, C.

Tusculi. ts'ki'-lT : -lum, -lum, C

Tuxtla. td&kat'la, 31.

Tver. tvtr. .!/.

Tyana. ti'a-na, C.

Tybris. H'brts, C

Tybur. ti'

Tyche. ti'kf. C.

Tychicus. t k'T-kHi. B. !( C
! Tyndale. t n'rial.Jf.
i Tynemouth. tin'muth, 31.

lTRURI

Typhon. ti'lou, C. If E.

Tyr. tei . U.

Tyrannus, ti-rar.'nus, B. & C.

Tyre, Mr, B. a- Jf.

Tyrii. tlr'T-i ; Tirius, tlr'T-Qs, C.

Tyrnau, ter'nou, 31.

Tyro, tt'ro. V.

Tyrol, tir'ul, 3f.

Tyrone. tT-ion', M.

Tyrtaeus. tt-i-te'iis, C.
I Tyrus. ti'rils, B. %■ C
i Tyrwhitt, tCr'lt or tgr'wlt, Jf.

Tj'aias, t sh't-aa, C.

Tzacones, zak'O-nez, C.

Tzombi. UCm'M, Jf.

Tzscnirner. tslitr'ner, Jf.

U.

I TJanap^l:_w•a-na-JllKl,, 31.

Uando. oo-au'dr, Jf.

Uargla. waVgla, If.

Uarra. fio-ar'ra, Jf.

Ubeda. oo-ba'dii, Jf.

Uberti. no-bcr'tt-, Jf.
\ Ucalegon.j^-kaKC-fron, C.

TJcayale. iio-kf-ii/'lit, Jf.

Uccello. Dot-chi 1'lr. 31.

Udine.oo'di-niJ, 31.
! Udvarhely. <i<id'vai 'hcl', Jf.

Ugaia. (n/^a-e'u, 31.

Ugalla nn-giil'la. Jf.
i TTgarrowa. oc/gar-rou'wa, Jf.

Ugingo. ' o-gTp'gf>, Jf.

Ugogi oo-go'ie. 31.

Ugogo. oo-g5'}iot Jf,

Ugolino, oo-go-le'iK"'. Jf.

TJhaiyama. oo'hi-ya'ma. M.

TJhland, oo'liint or Upland, Jf.

Uist. wis-t, Jf.

Uitenhage. oi't^n-ha'ga, Jf.
. Ujiji. oo-je'jP, Jf.

TJkala, oo-ka'la, Jf.

Ifkasso. oo-kas'afl, Jf.

Ukerewe, oc/kSr-S'wa", .1/.

Ukoiiongo, oo/k6-n6n/'g0, 31.

Ukumi. (io-k(.o'niT. 31.

Uiala. oo-lala, M.
, Uleaborg. oo,lf-ri-bdre/,'Jf.

Ulfilas o. Ulphilas. nl'lMas, Jf.

Ulinde. no-leii'da. .•/.

TJUro/ Uller, ool'f-r, 31.

Ulm. oolm, Jf.

Ulster, Bl'stCr, Jf.

Ulysse3. ft-hs'sez, C. 4- JT.

Umtallah. Dm-bal'la, Jf.

Umbria. Qm'brt-a, (".

TJmbugwe. 93m-bdg'wft, .1/.

Umea. oo'mC-ft, Jf.

Ungama, Bn-ga'ina. Jf.

Ungelli. r.n-g_KlT, 31.

Unyampaka.j^o'in-iim-pii'ka. Jf.

TJryamwesi, 56ynY-ani-wS'zI, .)/.

Upamba. oo-pim'ba, Jf.
, Upoto, i«)-r6'tf>, 31.
'■ Upsal, fip'sal, or Upsala, fip-sa'lii,
i M-

Ural, n'ral, Jf.

Urambo, B&rlm'M. Jf.

Urania. 0-ra'nI-a, C.

Urar.U3. ii'ia-ii' s. <

Urbane, fir'b n : Ur':an. ui-'luin, 31.

Urbana, Qr-bS'na : -nus. -nus, C.
i Urbana. Qr-bS'na, Jf.
I Urbino. oor-bS'nfi, .'/.

Urguru. oor-gOS'ritB, 3f.

| Uri. ri'ii, /'.; 675'rY, .'/.
Uriah, fl-rl'a : Urias, fi-rl'as, B-
Urijah, 0-rtfjft, H-
Urion, 0-n'fni, ('.
Urquhart. firk'b-irt, 31.
Urua, .»>-n.i)'ii, Jf.
Uruguay, oo-rOo-gwI' or n'roo-gwa',

Urundi. ~-r~ n'.lT. If.
Ururi. 55-rBB'rl, Jf.

I, n. ,nn; ; a, P, T, o, 0, y, »nor. . tea ite. f rent, Idea, in . amte, Bare, arm, :i>k, all, finaL
JS, BiDUcai i C, Classical i E, ^'yptiau ; 11, Uiadoo ; 31, Modern s A', Norse. L^^ page *&■]

USAGARA

usagara. oo^sa-jrii'ra , If.
Usambara._oo/sam-ba'ra, M.
XJ8aramq1oo/£>a-ui/i)i,~, 21.
Usegua, oo'Ba-goo'a, 21.
U3hant, fish/nut. Jf.
Ushas, Go'shas, //
Usongora. or/Bon-ge'ra, JA
Ussambi. Oos-siun'bi. J/.
Ussumkua, rJos'a&m-koo'a, M.
Insure, oos-soo'ril, 21.
Utah, u'ta, M.
Utica. u'ti-ka, C A- Jf.
Utrecht.Ji'tr. kt, 21.
Utrera. oo-tia'ra, Jf.
Uttoxeter^ Bks'e-tSr, .'/.
Utangu.^o-tuon'goo, 21.
Uviusa, oo-vln'sA, 21.
Uwayu, oowa'yoo, 21.
Uwins. u'niz, 21.
Uzai, u'z5 or ii'z.t-T, B.
Uzes. ujzis', Jf.
Uzija, lO-ze'ia. Jl.
Uzziel, uz-zl'ei or uz'zY-el, B.

Vaagen, riL'sen, Jf.

Vaaf. val, Jf?

Vaccei. vak-sSI, C.

Vacherot, vash'ro', Jf.

Vacovia. vii-ko'vi-a, .1/.

Vaishnava, vlsh'na-va, //.

Vaisyas. vls'ySa, H.

Vajezatlia. va-j -z'a-tha, /?.

Valais. va'la', Jf.

Valaskjalf. va-las'kyalf. A.

Valdivia, val-de've"-a, 21.

Valenc9, va'ICNs', J/.

Valencia, va-kn'shl-a; Sp. vii-lan'-

th«L .1/.
Valenciennes, va/WN'sS-r'n', J/.
Valentia. va-1 n'shY-i, Jf.
Valentinianus, val't n-t n£f-5'ntfs, C.
Valentinus, yaF n-tl'nos, C.
Valeria, va-le'rt-a;-rins, -n-us, C.
Valerus, vai'C-r >, V.
Valetiura. va-lS'shT-flm, C.
Valgius. val'jr-us, C.
Vali, va'le, N.
Vslkyria. val-kTrfa, N.
Valladolid. val-ya-dO-led', 21.
Valle. val'Y, Jl.
Valliere, val'k-ar' 21.
Valois. vaKwa', 21.
Valparaiso, viil-pii-rT's*, Jf.
Vanbrugh, van' br>*>. if.
Vancouver, vto-koo'vSr, J/.
Vandalia, van-da'lf-a, M.
Van Diemen. van de'm
Vandyke, vau'dlk', 21.
Vannes. van. Jf. _
Vannucci. van-noot'cM, = Plru-

CINO. Jf.

Van Rensselaer, van i

Vaperau, \ ap-ir=d' or viip'rd', Jf.

Varna. \ ir'ni Jf.

Varnha > ., 21.

Varuna. v&'roo-nii, //.

Vasirhely. \ a'.-har'hul', if.

VaahtUvash'tl, B.

Vata. v i'ta, //.

Vaticanus, vat't-kS'nfis, C.

Vatienus. vfCMiY-e'n

Vattel. *at-t V or viftel', Jf.

Vauban. W/NJx', .1/.

Vaucluae. vB'klu//, .1/.

Vaud. vo. Jl

Vaugelas, vOzhli/, Jl.

Vaughan, v . n or v '-in, .V.

Vauquelin. vC kla.\', 21.

Vaax. v

Vayu. va'

Ve. vu. X.

Vecchi. v k'k*. V.

Vecchio. v k'k"

Veda. va'da, //.

529

Vega, va'ga, if.

Veglia. vil'ya, M.

Veia, ve'va, C.

Veii, ve'yl, C.

Velasquez, va-las'krth or -kts, M.

Velpeau. wl'po'. M.

Venafrum, vc-na'lnim, C.

Venango, ve-aau'gr>, M.

Vendue, La. la vON'da', If.

Vendome. vSxMdiu', M.

Venetia. ve-ne'shl-a, ('. v M.

Venezuela. v< n'e-zwe'la, M.

Venice, wu'ls ; It. Venezia, va-n^d'-

ze-a, JA
Venus, ve'ntis. C.
Vera Cruz, vg'rS kroos, .;/.
Vercelli, vCr-clul'lo, M.
Vercingetorix, ver-s.n-j.t'6-rTks, C.
Verde, vo.d, M.
Verdun, vcr'dux', M.
Vergennes, ver-jcuz'i F. vCKzhCn',

if.
Vergilia, vor-jil'T-a: -iae, -;-C, C.
Verginius, vgr-jTii'T-us, ('.
Vergniaud »r -aux. v0in/ye-6', M.
Vermont, v5r-in6nt', J/.
Vernet, ver'na'. M.
Vernon, vCr'nflii, M-
Verona, vt-ro'iu'u C. ; v;t-ro'na. M.
Verones, vC-ro'ne/. C.
Veronica. v$r-d-ni'ka, C
Versailles, vgr-aalz'i F. ver'sa'f- or

!. If.
Vorulam. vr'(K-mm. M.
Vervier3, vr-Kvc ..', If.
Vesoul. ve-zool', If.
Vespucci, v s-p t'cli*. M.
Vestales. v s-ta'lez : -lis, -Its, C.
Vestri. v s'tiv, .V.
Vesuvius, v. -su/v!-is, C. -V J/.; //.

Vesuvio. vS-soo'vfi-O, M.
Vevay. v. •• a'. .)/.
Viatka or Wjatka, vf-:it'ka. If.
Viborg2_\e'i> rgi Finnish Wupuri,

vtj-pSo'rS, M.
Vicentia, v .-s n'sh -a. <".
Viceiiza, vr-ch nt'za, M.
Vicksburg, vlks'b'rg, M.
Victoria, vik-to'i-i-i ; Victorius.

v k-to'rT-ns, C. .y Jl.
Vida. ve'di, M.
Vidar, vg'dar, X.
Vidocq, vCyduk', Jf.
Vienna, vt- n'na, C. ; vt-On'na, M. :

G. Wien. ven, If.
Vienne. ve', n',_.)/.
Vignoles, vtn'yol'. If.
Vigo, ve'gu or vl'g*, Jf.
Vili. ve'l

Villa, vel'v-i or v 1':... M.
Villach. vil'iak'. If.
Villafranca. v; l'ya-fnin'ka, Jf.
Villanova. vtl-la-116'va, .1/.
Villanueva, vri-\ a-nwa'\a. .1/.
Villars. v I'arz or vfyar', If.
Villefranche. vPI rrSxsh', M.
Villeneuve. vfl'iiCv', Jf.
Villers. vi 'va', .'/.
Villiers. v ['vers, .1/.
Vilnaoc Wilha. \ ll'ni, Jf.
Vinaroz. v6-na-r6tli', Jf.
Vincennes, viii--.ii/' \ /•'. \ "r

Vinci. vni'cliP or v5n'<
Vindobona, vlu-dob'G-mi or vln'du-

Vinet. vt

Vingolf

Vique. V: . It, M.

.

Virociuiiu.. km, C.

Vishnu, i

Vistula I Jf.

Vitebsk or Witebsk. vt
ViteUia. ri-t i' -a ; -liua
Viterbo, vc-ter'

WESTMINSTER

Vitoria or Vittoria, rH-UJ'rt-I, Jf.

Vitfuvius. v

Vizagapatam. v,--/a'-,,.|1<( ia
Vladimeer, viad'c-nui „/ i

VolateiTa, vSl'a-tcr'ra, C.

Volga, vol'gii. If.

VoLhynia, vol-li,n')-a ; Poliah Wo-

lynsk. vC-linsk', .1/
Volney. vOl'nT : F. vOKni', V.
Vologda «/■ Wologda, vo-log'da, If.
Volscius.
Volsinii, v6l-sin'
Volsung, vOI'sdong, .\'.
Voltaire, vol tar', Jl.
Vophsi, vuI'm. /i.
Vorarlberg. fOr-arl'bfrg, M.
Voronezh, /O-rO-n zh', Jl.
Vortigern. vSr'ti-gtrn, Jf.
Vosges, vSzh, .)/.
Vouet. vcx/a', .1/.
Voyer, vwa'ya', M.
Vnes. vrea, Jl.
Vritra. vrS'tr*, H.
Vulcanus^ vi.l-ka'nus, C.
Vuua, vyo'na, 21.

w.

Waal or Wahal
Wabash, wa'babh. .1/.
Wachusett. wa-chQ'set, Jf.
; Waday. wa'dl, M.
Wadelai. wa-d - '. Jl
Wagram. va'gram, 21.
Wahl. val. J/.
Walcheren. val'k5r-en, Jf.
Waldeck. val'dek, 2t.
Waldemar, val'de-mar, Jf.
Waldenses. wftl-dfn'sgz, 21.
Waldo. wSl'du, Jf.
Wales, walz. Jf.
Walewski, va-kv'skC or wa-la'sk6.

jr.
Walhalla. val-ha:Ti. .v.
Wallachia. w81-la'k -a. Jf.
Wallsnstein, val'l n-'"
Walmesley. w6mz'lt, Jl.
Walsingham. wSI'slng-am, Jf.
Waltham, w8l'tham, .1/.
Wambu. wam'boS, If.
Wambutti. wim-boSt'tT, Jf.
Wami. wa'rot. Jl.
Wandi, wan'dl, Jf.
Warsaw, w.r'si ; Poli<h Warszawa,

. '\ ii. 21.
Warwick. Lug., wOr'ik; V v. w >r'-

w k.Jt.
Washington. w&hTng-f
Washita

Washoe. wBsh'ft. Jf.
Waterloo, w.i'tCi-luo ; D. w.\ tcr-10',

Jl.
Watombo. \v.i-tum'l»;l, .)/.
Watteau, val to', Jf.
Weber. « n'Cr ; (.'. va'bCr ; river,

wg'bCr, Jf.
Wednesbury. wfnz'bSr-T, Jf.
Weimar. v!'inar. 21
Weiss. wT>. .1/.
Weisse. i .

Weissenburg, vT'srn-bOOrg, 21.
Welle, w Vie, Jl.
Wellesley. w l/.'lT. Jf.
Wellington. v.-.l'lTng-trm, Jf.
Womyss, wCmx, '/.
Wener, va'nOr, or W9nner.

Wonzei Wencea-

lau*. w -

Werner, wfr': '/.

Wcrnigerode, , Jl-

■r.

Weser. wi'zJr, 2(.
Westminster, w, st'niTn-«tir, .V.

fgrn. reef nt. orb, ryd< . ut, oil, cbair. go, sing, irjk, Hun. thin, bos.

B, UibUcal » O, Classical j E, Egyptian ; H, Uiudoo | 21. Modern i JT, Norse. (See page 487.)

WESTMORELAND

WeatmorelanH, wrsfnidbr-iand or

wist-iiinr'lund, 31.
Westphalia, wOst-ia'lT-a ; Q. West-

phalen. vi Bt-fii'len, At.
Whailey, hwOl'I, 31.
Whydah, hwld'u, M.
Wichita, wich'l-ta, .V.
Wiclif, Wickliffe, = Wycliffe, J/.
Widin. vid'iu, 31.
Wieland, ve'liint. M.
Wien, ven, = ViENXA, M.
Wiesbaden, ves-baVden, 31.
Wilkesbarre, wilks'bai-I, 31.
Willaert, willart. 31.
Willamette, wil-ii'met, 31.
Willoughby, wil'0-bi, 31.
Windsor. win'zgr, J/.
Winnebago. win'C-ba'gft, 31.
Winnepesaukee or Winipisiogee,

win -pe-sa'kf, 31.
Wisconsin. wls-k6n'sTn, M.
Wissembourg, vis'fcON'boor', 31.
Wito. we'c, 31.
Wittenberg, wit'ten-bGrg ; G. vlt'-

Ml-b Ig. M.

Wittgenstein, vYt'gen-stTn, 31.
Wolcott. wBl'kfit or wdtil'kut, 31.
Wolgelaiwotua, wOl ge-li-wBt' Q-a,

Wolsey, wool 'z I, 31.
Wolverhampton, wdol've'r-hamp'-

tun, M.
Woolwich, wdol'Tj, 31.
Worcester, wdos'tGr, 31.
Woden, wo'den, N.
Wordsworth. wGrdz'we'rth, 31.
Worm3. vdrnis, .1/.
Wrangel, ran/geL, 3F.
Wraxall. raks'al, 31.
Wrottesley._rT)t>'lr, 31.
Wualaba, woo'a-lii'ba. 31.
Wortemberg, vur'tt-m-bc-rg', 31.
Wtirtzburg, vurts'btforg, 31.
Wyandot, also Wyandotte, wl'an-

dot'. 31.
Wycliffe, Wyclif, Wiclif, or Wick-

liffe, wik'U, 31.
Wyndham, wind 'am, 31.
Wyoming, wl-o'ming {not wl'6-

mlng), M.
Wythe, with {not with), 31.

X.

Xagua, ha'L'wii, 31.
Xalapa or Jalapa, ha-la'pa, 31.
Xanthia. z&n'thT-a, <:..
Xanthicus, zan'thY-kna, 71. \- C,
Xanthippe, zan-tTp'pe", C.
Xavier. zav'T-Sr \ Sp. hii-vf-ar', ,1/.
Xenagoraa, z?-na<*'o-rus, C.
Xenea, ze'nc-a, C.
Xenia. ze'nf-a, 3f._
Xenocles. zPn'G-klez, C.
Xenocrates, zf-nfik'ra-rfjz, C.
Xenodamus. zf-nBd'a-mtis, or z~\V-

0-dS'raua ; Xenodemus, -de'iims.

C.
Xenodotus, zf-nBd'o-tils. ('.
Xenophanea, zt-nBf'a-nez, C.
Xenophon, zGn'6-fBn, C.
Xenotimus, zCn'6-tI'mtis, C.
Xeres = JBBES, 31.
Ximene. zt-me'nP, C.
Ximenes, zl-ine'nez; Sp. hC-ma'ncs,

31.
Xingu, riien-gBB'. 31.
Xulfa, zooI'lS, 31.

530

Xypete. zTp'P-te, C.
Xystiani, zis'tf-a'nl, C.

Y.

Yakootak. ya-kootsk', M.

Yaku. va'koo, 3f.

Yalabiisha, vaFa-boosb/a, 3f.

Yalafa. ya'la-ia, 31.

Yalunga. ya-lbon'ga, 3f.

Yambua, yam-boo'd, 31.

Yambuga. yam-boo'ga, 3f.

Yang-ts-e-Kiang.yan-'tsC-kl-ang'.J/.

Yanina. ya'ne-na, .1/.

Yarkand. yar'kand', 31.

Yaroslav. ya-rc-slav', 31.

Yazoo, vii-zoo', 31.

Yekatefinoslav, ya-ka-ta-rS-nG-slav',

Yelizavetgrad, ya-lG-sa-vCt-grad', 31.

Yemen, yeni'en, 31.

Yenikale, yin-P-kit'la", 31.

Yenisei, yi n't-sa'P, 31.

Yes30 or Yezo, ya'zfi, 31.

Yggdrasil, )g'dia-sil, N.

Ymir. e'mSr, N.

Yonge. yfnig, 31.

Yonkers, yGnk'Grz, M.

Yonne, yen, 31.

Yosemite, yo-sni'I-tG, 31.

Youghal. yal, M.

Youghiogheny, vB-hu-ga'nl, 31.

Ypres, e7pr, 31.

Ypsilanti. ip's-lan'tl, 31.

Yriarte or Iriarte. P-rt-ih'ta", 31.

Yucatan, ySo'ka-tan', M.

Yverdun. e'vPrAluN', 31.

Yvetot, t-vto", 31.

z.

Zaab, /ah, 31.
Zaanaim, za a-na'Tm, R.
Zaandam, zan-dam', 31.
Zabdiel, zab'dl-el, B.
Zabulon. zab'(>-15n, li.
Zacatecas, /ak'a-ta'kfis, M.
Zacchseus. Zaccheus, zak-ke'us, B.
Zacharia. t>ak-a-rC-';i. 31.
Zachariah. zfik'a-ii'a ; Zacharias,

zak'a-ri-'aa, 11.
Zachary. zak'a-rl. 11.
Zacynthus. zS-sTTn'thua, C. S- 31.
Zama, za'ma, C.
Zambezi, zam-ha'zf, M
Zamora, tlia-nio'rii. M.
Zante. zan'tS, M., = Zacyhthds, C.
Zanzibar, ziin'/.i-luii', M.
Zapata, sa-pa/tii. 31.
Zapp. zap, IS.
Zappu. zap'poo, 31.
Zara, za'ra, /i. ; za'ra, 31.
Zarah. /a'ia. li.
Zarephath, /ar'f-fttth, B.
Zaria. za'rSKA, 31.
Zawa Bonga. za'w4 bPii'frd, 31.
Zealand, ze'Iand ; Dutch Zeeland,

za'lant, 3f.
Zebadiah, zi b'a-dl'a, li.
Zebah. ze'ba, 11.
Zebedee, zfb'e-dS, />.
Zeboiim, zC-boi'ini ; Zeboim,-b5'Im,

/;.
Zebu, /r-lxio', 31.
Zebulun. zi b'fi-lfin, B.
Zechariah, zCk'ft-rt'4, B.

ZYGENA

Zedechias, zrd't-kl'as ; Zedekiah-

z.d'.-ki'd, IS.
Zeeb. zeri b or /5b', B.
Zelotes, zr-!d'te/., 11.
Zend-Avesta, ztnda-vC;8''ta, H.
Zeno, ze'no, C.
Zenobia, zC-nO'bl-a, C.
Zenodotus, zt-nod'G-tns, C.
Zenogones, zr-nOj-'C-nez, C.
Zenophanes, ze-nCfd-nSz, C.
Zephaniah, z la-ni'a, B.
Zephatha, z i'a-tha, B.
Zephyre, z f'T-rS, C
Zephyrus. z f t-rfia, C.
Zerah. ze'ra, 11.
Zeraiah, zeVa-I'a, B.
Zerhat, tsOrpst, 31.
Zered, zS'r« d, li.
Zeredathah, zt-ivd'a-tha, B.
Zererath. zOr'S-rath, II.
Zeror, ze'rdr, 11.
Zerubbabel, zS-rHb'bft-bel, B.
Zeruiah, za r'u-i'a, II.
Zetham. ze'thfim : Zethan, ze'than :

Zethar, ze'tliiir, li.
Zeugitana, zu'j.-ta'na, C,
Zeuxis, zuks'is ; Zeuxo, /uks'C,

C.
Zhitomeer, zhlt-o-mer/'l M.
Zichri, zlk'rt, H.
Zidkijah. zTd-kl'jft, li.
Zidon. zl'd»n, li.
Zilthai, zTKthk, B.
Zinzendorf, tsint'aen-dSrf, M.
Zion, zi'i.n, 11.
Zior, zl'&r, B.
Ziph, zii, /;.
Ziphah. zl'ia, B.
Ziphron, zI'frBn, B.
Zippor. zlp'pdr, II.
Zipporah, z p-po'ra, li.
Zittau. talt'tou, /;.
Zlatoosk, zla-toosk', 31.
Zloczow, zliio'chBv, 31.
Znaim, ziilin, 31.
Zoar, zo'art t.
Zoba. Zobah, zo'ha, B.
Zobebah, zo-be'ba, li.
Zodiacus, z&-dI'a-kuB, C.
Zoeteua, ze'tC-us or ze'tas, C.
Zoilus, zo'l-lus, V.
Zombe, zom'be, 31.
Zongo, zSn'gO, 31.
Zophar, zo'iiir, B.
Zophim, zo'fnn, /;.
Zopyrus, zSp'i-n'ia, C.
Zort>ah, zo'rC-a, 11.
Zorilla, th0r-i5K\ a, 31.
Zoroaster, zo'rO-as'ter or z6V6-as'-

ter, C.
Zorobabel, zo-rBb'a-h. 1, B.
Zosimus, zBaT-mfla, C.
Zschokke. tahBk'ke, 31.
ZuccM, dzook'k?, A.

Zllg, ZOOgO/'BOOS, 31.

Zillichau, tM.il'jr-kou', 31.
Zululand, zoo'lOS-Iand, 31.
Zuid, zuon^yT, 31.
Zuaiga, tlmon-ye'ga, 31.
Zunz. tboonts, 31.
Z irich. (i. tMi'nk, 31.
Zuriel. zO'rt-el, H.
Zuyder Zee, zoi'dSr /a, 31.
Zvornik. zvor'ntk. If.
Zwellendam, zw. 1'len-dam, JT.
Zwickau, tavlk'kou, .'/.
Zwingli, Isylng'! M.
Zwirner, tavTrn'Cr, M.
Zwolle, zwol'!.. 1/
Zygena, /ij'i-na, < .

8, 5, 1, 0, fl, Ion? ; a, C, T, 8, 0, y\ short ; senate, Event, Idea, obey, finite, care, arm. a>k, all, HnaL

fCrn, rcc«nt, 8rb, r\|de, full, Qrn, iuod, loot, out, oil, chair, go, sing, ink, then, thin, box.

Bt Biblical i C, Classical i E, Egyptian ; 11, Hindoo ; 31, Modern i iV, Norse. [See page 437.]